给他人的工作提出反馈的三原则

x给其他人的工作提供反馈很需要技巧，一不小心就可能适得其反。态度坦诚是一个大前提，此外最重要的3个原则是：高度具体；提供的建议要有可扩展性，适用于未来

的其他项目；要起到鼓励作用，尽管有错误就要批评，但不能尖刻过头让被批评者心

灰意冷以至于破罐子破摔。

For writers, no days drag on longer than days without feedback from your editor. You’ve sent him a 1,200-word document that reflect some facet of your very self,

and your editor will be returning it to you with comments and criticisms. He may suggest a different tone. He may suggest you amputate paragraphs that “aren’t doing anything.” Some editors rewrite your sentences for you. Very rarely will an editor remark that what you’ve done is just fine as is.

对写作的人来说，最难熬的时间莫过于收到编辑反馈的时候。你发去一篇真情实感的1200字短文，编辑会回复一些意见和不足。他可能会建议换种语气来写。或者删掉那些“没什么意义的”段落。某些编辑会给你改写。但很少有一位编辑会反馈说：你的

作品“堪称完美”。

When I began writing professionally, that’s what I thought I wanted: an editor’s immediate approval. Creating something for public consumption made me feel naked, and reassurance that I was on the right track was welcome. But it didn’t take long

for me to realize that feedback that risked hurting my feelings was more constructive in the long run. It could help me improve, for one. My friends could be relied upon to tell me my work was wonderful. A useful editor would tell me nice try, but try again. Or I see what you’re trying to do here, but it’s not coming across.

在开始职业写作时，我一心想要立即获得编辑的认可。我对创作公众消费文学毫无经验，因此很希望得到其他人的鼓励，让自己确信走在正确的轨道上。但很快我便意识到，那些看似伤感情的反馈，从长远来看反而更有建设意义。这些反馈可以帮我提高。如果我只想听好话，可以去找我的朋友。一位令我受益的编辑会跟我说：不错，但我

们再试试这样写。或是：我明白你想表达什么，但这里没说清楚。

Thinking about how to give good feedback is important because so much can go wrong. Speak too harshly and people might quit their project. Deliver your opinions too gently, too obliquely, and they might not recognize that you’re actually delivering some trenchant criticism. As a young book editor myself, I made the mistake of rambling on to a writer about all the many little things I thought could be improved

in his manuscript when the real truth was I thought it was ill-conceived from the ground up and beyond salvaging—only I was too big of a coward to say so. I stopped giving these lengthy but small-bore critiques that ignored the big picture when someone returned months later with a freshly revised manuscript, with all those little things addressed, sure now that nothing stood between him and a book contract. Unfortunately in this case I hadn’t even given him any advice that would help him improve his craft, not really. I’d only wasted months of his time. We both ended up feeling bad, though I’m sure he more than m e.

仔细考虑一下如何才能提供好的反馈，这非常重要，因为处理不当可能适得其反。言

辞过于苛刻，可能会令对方心灰意冷。而如果你过于委婉，他们可能不会意识到你实