重庆大学2011年英语考博真题
2011年高考英语 重庆卷阅读真题
2011年重庆卷AThere was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care. To water his flowers, he used two buckets. One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one, which had seen many years of service, but was now past its best.Every morning, the gardener would fill up the two buckets. Then he would carry them along the path, one on each side, to the flowerbeds. The new bucket was very proud of itself. It could carry a full bucket of water without a single drop spilled. The old bucket felt very ashamed because of its holes: before it reached the flowerbeds, much water had leaked along the path.Sometimes the new bucket would say, “See how capable I am! How good it is that the gardener has me to water the flowers every day! I don’t know why he still bothers with you. What a waste of s pace you are!”And all that the old bucket could say was, “I know I am not very useful, but I can only do my best. I’m happy that the gardener still finds a little bit of use in me, at least.”One day, the gardener heard that kind of conversation. After watering the flowers as usual, he said, “You both have done your work very well. Now I am going to carry you back. I want you to look carefully along the path.”Then the two buckets did so. All along the path, they noticed, on the side where the new bucket was carried, there was just bare earth; on the other side where the old bucket was carried, there was a joyous row of wild flowers, leading all the way to the garden.56. What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean?A. Dirty.B. Dark.C. Worn-out.D. Plain-looking.57. What was the old bucket ashamed of?A. His past.B. His aging.C. His manner.D. His leaking.58. The new bucket made conversations with the old one mainly to ______.A. laugh at the old oneB. take pity on the old oneC. show off its beautiful looksD. praise the gardener’s kindness59. Why was the old bucket still kept by the gardener?A. Because it was used to keep a balance.B. Because it stayed in its best condition.C. Because it was taken as a treasure.D. Because it had its own function.BMapping Your WorldDifferent forms of maps are appearing. They allow independent travelers to get local knowledge of places they are visting, from the official to the unusual. Meanwhile, hi-tech developments are creating new ways for us to map the world. Here are two of our favorites:Green MapsGreen Maps allows people to share with the world their knowledge of environmentally friendly places and attractions in the local areas. Users add information with a set of icons (图标) , making it easy to read any map, whatever the nationalities of those who produce it. At present there are over five hundred map projects being developed in 54 countries. Green Maps’ advertised idea is “think global, map local”. It is a wonderful way of gaining all sorts of information of a place, ranging from community gardens to good places of birdwatching.Green Maps is not specifically intended for travelers. Not all of its maps are online, so it may be necessary for some users to communicate with producers through the Green Maps website.Map MashupsMany people use online maps developed by Google, but not many know about the mashups of them. Working in a similar way to Green Maps, Map Mashups allows people to add icons of their own to existing maps to express a certain topic. The mashups is so called because it combines all the knowledge you could ever need. It ranges from the extremely useful, such as where all the World Heritage Sites are, to the most bizarre (古怪的), such as where America’s drunkest cities are. With the mashups added to the basic Google Maps, a multi-layered map can be created.60. According to the passage, which of the following is a characteristic of Green Maps?A. Aiming at environmental protection.B. Introducing local attractions with icons.C. Offering advice to independent travelers.D. Collecting icons worldwide for local maps.61. Which of the following icons is most probably NOT used in Green Maps?A. B.C. D.62. “Map Mashups”is named with the word “mashups” because ______.A. it is produced by users all over the worldB. it gathers various kinds of informationC. it shares icons with Green MapsD. it is a branch of Google Maps63. What do Green Maps and Map Mashups have in common?A. They are created by local people.B. They are environmentally friendly.C. Users can edit maps on the Internet.D. Users need to communicate with producers.CGetting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertise ments repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.64. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because ______.A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment. B they thought bath houses were to dirty to stay inC. they believed disease could be spread in public bathsD. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease65. Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?A. Afraid.B. Curious.C. Approving.D. Uninterested.66. How does the passage mainly develop?A. By providing examples.B. By making comparisons.C. By following the order of time.D. By following the order of importance.67. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To stress the role of dirt.B. To introduce the history of dirt.C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.D. To present the change of views on dirt.DWilliam Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin on June 13, 1865. His childhood lacked the harmony that was typical of a happy family. Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”.In fact, he inherited excellent taste in art from his family --- both his father and his brother were painters. But he finally settled on literature, particularly drama and poetry.Yeats had strong faith in coming of new artistic movements. He set himself the fresh task in founding an Irish national theatre in the late 1890s. His early theatrical experiments, however, were not received favo rably at the beginning. He didn’t lose heart, and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama.Compared with his dramatic works, Yeats’s poems attract much admiring notice. The subject matter includes love, nature, history, time and aging. Though Yeats generally relied on very traditional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them. As his literary life progressed, his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide recognition.He had not enjoyed a major public lift since winning the Nobel Price in 1923. Yet, he continued writing almost to the end of his life. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between th e ages of 50 and 75. After Yeats’s death in 1939, W.H. Auden wrote, among others, the following lines:Earth, receive an honored guest:William Yeats is laid to rest.Let the Irish vessel (船) lieEmptied of its poetry.68. Which of the following can describe Yeats’s family?A. It filled Yeats’s childhood with laughter.B. It was shocked by Yeats’s choice.C. It was a typically wealthy family.D. It had an artistic atmosphere.69. According to the passage, what do we know about Yeats’s life?A. Yeats founded the first Irish theater.B.Yeats stuck to modern forms in his peotry.C. Yeats began to produce his best works from the 1910s.D. Yeats was not favored by the public until the 1923 Noble Prize.70. What kind of feeling is expressed in W.H.Auden’s lines?A. Envy.B. Sympathy.C. Emptiness.D. Admiration.71. What is the passage mainly about?A. Yeats’s literary achievements.B. Yeats’s historical inf luence.C. Yeats’s artistic ambition.D. Yeats’s national honor.ESkeptics are a strange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread noting but bad news about the environment. The “eco-guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg’s views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg’s book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg’s “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的)”.A critical eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interest. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That’s a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.72. According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”?A. People who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”.B. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.C. People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.73. Which of the following can be a reason for t he popularity of Lomborg’s book?A. Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.B .The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.C. The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.D. Industry–funded media present confusing information.74. The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to ______.A. voice a different opinionB. find fault with Lomborg’s bookC. challenge the authority of the mediaD. point out the value of scientific views75. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?A. To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.B. To warn the public of the danger of half–blindness with reviews.C. To blame the media’s lack of responsibility in information.D. To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.KeysA篇CDADB篇BBBCC篇CACDD篇DCDA E篇BAAD。
2011年英国文学选读试卷A - 副本
重庆大学英国文学选读试卷A20010 ~2011 学年 第 二 学期开课学院： 外国语学院 考试日期： July , 2010考试方式：考试时间： 120 分Part I Term Explanations (15points, 3 pts each)Directions: In this part you are required to explain the following literary terms briefly. Remember you must use the examples from the stories covered in this course to illustrate your explanations.1. Setting :2. Point of View :3. Conflict :4. Imagery :5. Tone :Part II Analysis (40 points, 8 pts each)Directions ：There are five extracts in this part. Each of them is taken from the novels or short stories covered by this course. Answer the question after each extract.1. I Every morning I lay on the floor in the front parlour watching her door. The blind was pulled down to within an inch of the sash so that I could not be seen. When she came out on the doorstep my heart leaped. I ran to the hall, seized my books and followed her. I kept her brown figure always in my eye and, when we came near the point at which our ways diverged, I quickened my pace and passed her. This happened morning after morning. I had never spoken to her, except for a few casual words, and yet her name was like a summons to all my foolish blood.Question: How does this extract represent the boy-narrator’s feeling for a girl?2. Against these far stretches of country rose, in front of the other city edifices, a large red-brick building, with level grey roofs, and rows of short barred windows bespeaking captivity —the whole contrasting greatly by its formalism with the quaint irregularities of the gothic erections. It was somewhat disguised from the road in passing it by yews and evergreen oaks, but it was visible enough up here. The wicket form which the pair head lately emerged was in the wall of this structure. From the middle of the building an ugly flat-topped octagonal tower ascended against the east horizon, and viewed from this spot, on its shady side and against the light, it seemed the one blot on the city ’s beauty. Yet it was with this blot, and not with the beauty, that the命题人：胡文成组题人：胡文成审题人：毛凌莹命题时间间间：2011, 6.18学院 教学班号 年级 学号 姓名封 线 密two gazers were concerned.Question: What symbolic meaning is suggested by the physical descriptions of the environment in this extract?3. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a goodfortune must be in want of a wife.However little known the feeling or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.Question: How effectively does the author’s employment of rhetorical contribute to conveying the intended meaning?4. Moving the lamp as the man moved, I made out that he was substantially dressed, but roughly; like a voyager by sea. That he had a long iron-grey hair. That his age was about sixty. That he was a muscular man, strong on his legs, and that he was browned and hardened by exposure to weather. As he ascended the last stair or two, and light of my lamp included us both, I saw, with a stupid of amazement, that he was holding out both his hands to me.Question: What is most distinct of the syntax feature in this extract and why?5. It was during the week of hot Sun, that June.Three men were at work on the roof, where the leads got so hot they had the idea or throwing water on to cool them. But the water steamed, then sizzled; and they made jokes about getting an egg from some woman in the flats under them, to poach it for their dinner. By two it was not possible to touch the guttering they were replacing, and they speculated about what workmen did in regularly hot countries. Perhaps they should borrow kitchen gloves with the egg? They were all a bit dizzy, not used to the heat; and they shed their coats and stood side by side squeezing themselves into a foot-wide patch of shade against a chimney, careful to keep their feet in the thick socks and boots out of the sun. There was a fine view across several acres of roofs. Not far off a man sat in a deck chair reading the newspaper. Then they saw her, between chimneys, about fifty yards away. She lay face down on a brown blanket. They could see the top part of her: black hair, a flushed solid back, arms spread out.Question: What explicit and implicit information does the extract provide as an opening of a short story?Part III Interpretation (30 points, 6 points each)Directions: In this part you are required to interpret the meaning of each extract which is taken from the poems covered by this course.1. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And Summer’s lease has all too short a date:Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed,Question: What an image of summer is represented in this stanza?2. Thou art slave to fate, chance, kings, and desperate men,And dost with poison, war, and sickness dwell,And poppy or charms can make us sleep as wellAnd better than thy stroke; why swell’st thou then?Question: In what way is the fear for death mitigated by the speaker in these lines?3.I wander’'d lonely as a cloudThat floats high o'er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Besides the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Question: How does the poet intensify the effect of solitude?4. Ah, happy, happy boughs! that cannot shedYour leaves, nor ever bid the spring adieu;And, happy melodist, unwearied, For ever piping songs for ever new;More happy love! more happy, happy love!For ever warm and still to be enjoy'd,For ever panting, and for ever young;All breathing human passion far above,That leaves a heart high-sorrowful and cloy'd,A burning forehead, and a parching tongue.Question: What a contrast is highlighted in this stanza? 5.Yet thou triumph’st , and say’st that youFind’st not thy self nor me the weaker now;‘Tis true; then learn how false fears be;Just so much honor, when thou yiled’st to me,Will waste, as this flea’s death took life from thee.Question: What rhetorical devices does the speaker employ to enhance his persuasion?Part IV Paraphrasing (15 pts, 3 pts each)Directions: In this part you are required to paraphrase the lined part in the extracts taken out of reading materials which are covered by this course.1...., so that he was in it to for a mere instant, and then out of it. In the instant, I had seena face that was strange to me, looking up with incomprehensible air of being touchedand please by the sight of me.2.They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience; for natural abilities are likenatural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.3.And every fair from fair sometimes declinesBy chance or nature’s changing course, untrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growest;4.What the hammer? What the chain?In what furnace was thy brain?What the anvil? What dread graspDare its deadly terror clasp?5.With love’s light wings did I o’erperch these walls;For stony limits cannot hold love out,What love can love, that dares love attempt.Therefore thy kinsmen are no stop to me.。
重庆大学研究生英语2011-2012试题
重庆大学硕士研究生《英语 》课程试卷2011 ~2012 学年 第 一 学期（春、秋）开课学院： 课程编号： 考试日期：考试方式：开卷闭卷 其他 考试时间： 120 分钟硕士生B 类答题纸 英语班次：_______________ Answer Sheet Part I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, 2 point each ) 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. () 11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( ) 16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) 20. ( ) Part II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )封线 密Part IV. Writing ( 20 points)(请写在背面，Please write your composition on the reverse side.)重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷2011 ~2012 学年第一学期硕士生B类Part I: Reading Comprehension 40%Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneIf you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the –job training.That’s especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor’s degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salariesranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education couples with work experience.But in the long run, too much specialization doesn’t pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.As further evidence of the erosion (销蚀) of corporate (公司的) faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Schertz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices. Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle-and upper-level management. “They want someone who isn’t constrained (限制) by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,” says Schertz.This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Them and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or and engineering degree. “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing thing,” says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior-plus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize. “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,” says Schertz.1. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?A. Students with a bachelor’s degree in humanities.B. People with an MBA degree from top universities.C. People with formal schooling plus work experience.D. People with special training in engineering.2. By saying “…but the impact of a degree washes out after five years”(Line 3, Para. 3), the authormeans .A. most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundationB. an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positionsC. MBA programs will not be as popular in five years’ time as they are nowD. in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got3. According to Schertz’s statement (Lines 3~4, Para. 4), companies prefer .A. people who have a strategic mindB. people who are talented in fine artsC. people who are ambitious and aggressiveD. people who have received training in mechanics4. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because .A. they are more capable of handling changing situationsB. they and stick to established ways of solving problemsC. they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fieldsD. they have attended special programs in management5. Which of the following statements does the author support?A. Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.B. Formal schooling is less important than job training.C. On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.D. Generalists will outdo specialists in management.Passage TwoWith fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything which goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.Another new project is being setup to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this：First, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed；then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids；after that founders and rollers will break up everything that can be broken. Finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel；the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.The first full-scale giant recycling plants are perhaps fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.6. The phrase “should be well on with...”（Para. 1）most probably means _______.A. have completed what was startedB. get ready to startC. have achieved a great deal inD. put an end to7. What is NOT mentioned as a part of the recycling process described in paragraph 3？A. Breaking up whatever is breakable.B. Sharpening metal bars.C. Separating light elements from the heavy ones.D. Sorting out small pieces of metal.8. What’s the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants？A. To deal with wastes in a better way.B. To protect the environment from pollution.C. To get raw materials locally.D. To get big profits from those plants.9. The first full-scale huge recycling plants _______.A. began to operate fifteen years agoB. will probably take less than fifteen years to buildC. will be built fifteen years laterD. will probably be in operation in fifteen years10. The passage is mainly about _______.A. a cheap way to get energyB. the location of recycling plantsC. new ways of recycling wastesD. the probability of city environmentPassage ThreeIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence –as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ‘Talk, talk, talk,’ the advocates of violence say, ‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’ It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. ‘Possible, my lord,’ the barrister replied, ‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.11. What is the best title for this passage?A. Advocating Violence.B. Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C. Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D. The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.12. Recorded history has taught us _______________.A. violence never solves anything.B. nothing.C. the bloodshed means nothing.D. everything.13. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men __________.A. can’t get a hearing.B. are looked down upon.C. are persecuted.D. have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.14. “He was none the wiser” meansA. he was not at all wise in listening.B. H e was not at all wiser than nothing before.C. H e gains nothing after listening.D. H e makes no sense of the argument.15. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice isA. law enforcement.B. knowledge.C. nonviolence.D. Mopping up the violent mess.Passage FourFor a long time, researchers have tried to nail down just what shapes us --- or what, at least, shapes us most. And over the years, they've had a lot of exclamation moments. First it was our parents, particularly our mothers. Then it was our genes. Next it was our peers, who show up last but hold great sway. And all those ideas were good ones --- but only as far as they went.Somewhere, there was a sort of temperamental dark matter exerting an invisible gravitational pull of its own. More and more, scientists are concluding that this unexplained force is our siblings.From the time we are born, our brothers and sisters are our collaborators and co-conspirators, our role models and cautionary tales. They are our scolds, protectors, goads, tormentors, playmates, counselors, sources of envy, objects of pride. They teach us how to resolve conflicts and how not to; how to conduct friendships and when to walk away from them. Sisters teach brothers about the mysteries of girls; brothers teach sisters about the puzzle of boys. Our spouses arrive comparatively late in our lives; our parents eventually leave us. Our siblings may be the only people we'll ever know who truly qualify as partners for life. "Siblings," says family sociologist Katherine Conger, "are with us for the whole journey."Within the scientific community, siblings have not been wholly ignored, but research has been limited mostly to discussions of birth order．Older sibs were said to be strivers；younger ones rebels；middle kids the lost souls．The stereotypes were broad，if not entirely untrue，and there the discussion mostly ended．But all that’s changing．At research centers in the U．S．，Canada，Europe and elsewhere，investigators are launching a wealth of new studies into the sibling dynamic，looking at ways brothers and sisters steer one another int0—or away from--risky behavior how they form a protective buffer(减震器)against family upheaval；how they educate one another about the opposite sex；how all siblings compete for family recognition and come to terms--or blows--over such impossibly charged issues as parental favoritism．From that research，scientists are gaining intriguing insights into the people we become as adults．Does the manager who runs a harmonious office call on the peacemaking skills learned in the family playroom? Does the student struggling with a professor who plays favorites summon up the coping skills acquired from dealing with a sister who was Daddy’s girl? Do husbands and wives benefit from the inter—gender negotiations they waged when their most important partners were their sisters and brothers? All that is underinvestigation．“Siblings have just been off the radar screen until now，”says Conger．But today serious work is revealing exactly how our brothers and sisters influence us．16．The beginning of the passage indicates thatA．researchers have found out what shapes us．B．our peer is the last factor influencing us．C．what researchers found is good and trustworthy．D．what researchers found contributes in a limited way．17．In the third paragraph, the author tries to demonstrate that our siblingsA．offer us much useful information．B．have great influences on us．C．are the ones who love us completely．D．accompany us throughout our life．18．In scientific community, previous research on siblingsA．mostly focused on the sibling order．B．studied the characteristics of the kids．C．studied the matter in a broad sense．D．wasn’t believable and the discussion ended．19．Which of the following is NOT sibling dynamic?A．A brother cautions his sister against getting into trouble．B．Sisters have quarrels with each other．C．Siblings compete for parental favoritism．D．Older kids in a family try hard to achieve．20．From the last paragraph，we can conclude thatA．managers learned management skills from the family playroom．B．spouses learned negotiation skills from their siblings．C．studies on siblings are under the way。
重庆大学全日制专业硕士研究生英语考试试卷
ad if命封线密A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom.B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe.C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely.D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable.5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners.B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.C. To examine the trend of young people living alone.D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.Passage TwoAmerican dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times.The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was.“There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institut e for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events.Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development.A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels.Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce.The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies.“The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined.American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs.6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows?A. Self-contradictoryB. Prejudice-freeC. Culture-loadedD. Audience-targeted7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ .A. the patenting of domination shows and moviesB. the emergence of new commercial networksC. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-televisionD. the intense competition coming from the outside8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________.A. in need of capitalB. after a fashionC. on second thoughtsD. in the interests of themselves9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____.A. they lose competitivenessB. they are not market-orientedC. they are too much pricedD. they fall short of audience expectations10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________.A. if they have no access to popular showsB. because their endeavors come to no availC. since bidding wars are no longer fierceD. as international sales pace slows downPassage ThreeHow shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.11. freshly baked bread 12. visible level 13. impulse buying14. screen 15. discounts16.No17. Not given18. No 19. Yes 20. YesPart II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)中国房价问题近年来一直是社会热门话题。
2011年全国高考英语试题及答案-重庆
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷）英语试题卷英语试题卷共16页.满分150分，考试时间120分钟.注意事项：1、答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上.2、答选择题时，必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案的标号.3、答非选择题时，必须使用0、5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上.4、所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效.5、考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回.一、听力（共三节，满分30分）做题时，请先将答案划在试题卷上.录音内容结束后iu，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂或转填到答题卡上.第一节（共5小题：每小题1、5分，满分7、5分）请听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给出的A、B、C三个选项最佳选项.听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话读一遍.例：How much is the shirt?A、￡19、15B、￡9、15C、￡9、18答案是B.1、Who is the woman?A、 MaryB、Mary’s sisterC、Mary’s friend2、How much are the polatoes?A、6 cents a pound、B、 16cents a pound、C、 60 cents a pound、3、Where does the conversation most probably take place?A、In a restaurant、B、 On a farm、C、At home、4、What does the woman ask the man to do ?A、Have his hair cut、B、Go to the library、C、Buy some food、5、What is the conversation mainly about?A、Vacation planB、Summer tripC、Part-time job第二节（共12小题；每小题1、5分你，满分18分）请听下面4段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话或独白读两遍.6、Why did the woman go to a small town ?A、 To meet a neighborB、 To visit her friendsC、 To go horse-riding7、 What did the woman do on Saturday?A、 She went to a partyB、 She went to a farmC、 She went to a concert8、 What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A、 An interesting party、B、 A beautiful farm、C、 A wonderful weekend、请听第7段材料，回答第9至11题.9、 What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A、 The course of painting、B、 The meaning of a painting、C、 The color of a painting、10、 How does the man know much about painting?A、 He has taken painting courses、B、 He has worked for an artist、C、 He has learned it from his father、11、 What does the man invite the woman to do?A、 Meet his father、B、 Have a cup of coffee、C、 Go to an exhibition、请听第8段材料，回答第12至14题.12、 Why does the man call the woman?A、To tell her about his doctor’s advice、B、 To discuss his health plan with her、C、 To ask for information about a health club、13、 What does the woman usually do in the club?A、 Dancing、B、 Playing tennis、C、 Swimming、14、 Where are the two speakers going to meet tonight?A、 In front of a health club、B、In front of the woman’s house、C、 In front of a hospital、请听第9段材料，回答第15至17题.15、 What was Einstei n’s first job in Switzerland?A、Teaching in a school、B、Working for the government、C、Doing research in a job、16、When did Einstein move to the United States?A、In 1905、B、In 1933、C、In 1955、17、What is the talk mainly about?A.Einstein ’s life experienceB.Ei nstein’s scienfic researchC.Einstein’s musical ability第三节（共3小题；每小题1、5分，满分4、5分）请听下面一段独白，用所听到的独白中的词或数填空，每空限填一个词或一个数.填入的内容要卸载答题卡相应的位置上，在听本段独白前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.本段独白读两遍.请听第10段材料，回答第18至20题.二、英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）请从A、B、C四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项标号涂黑.例：A computer can only do__________ you have instructed it to do、A、 howB、 afterC、 whatD、 when答案是：C21、 That price of music sounds quite familiar、 Who _________the piano upstairs?A、 has playedB、 playedC、 playsD、 is playing22、 It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not、A、 WhetherB、 whenC、 whichD、 where23、——Are you going to take part in the speech contest?———_____________It’s too good an opportunity to miss、A、 No problem!B、That’s for sure、C、 Why me?D、 Why bother?24、Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read __________ the library、A、 inB、 forC、 byD、 from25、——Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?—— I want to ,but my mom simply _________ not let me out so late at night、A、 couldB、 mightC、 wouldD、 should26、 In communication, a smile is usually ___________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude、A、 the, /B、 a, anC、 a, /D、 the, an27、——Silly me! I foeget what my luggage looks like、——What do you think of over there?A、the oneB、thisC、itD、that28、I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ?A、 could heB、didn’t IC、didn’t youD、 could they29、More TV programs,according to government to officials, will be produced people’s concern over food safety、A、to raiseB、raisingC、to have raisedD、 having raised30、To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off we are to shake hands with、A、whicheverB、wheneverC、whoeverD、wherever31、Look at the pride on Tom’s face、 He to have been praised by the manager justnow、A、seemedB、seemsC、had seemedD、is seeming32、—Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?— Of course, I hava、 It was in our village it was made、A、thatB、whereC、whenD、which33、 Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams、A、 remindingB、 to remindC、 remindedD、 renmind34、 It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life、A、 whoseB、 whatC、 whichD、 that35、 ---Do you have Mary’s phone number?---Sorry,____________、A、 I don't knowB、 forget itC、 here you areD、I can’t remember it第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1、5分，满分30分）请阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑.My father brought home a sailboat when I was ten, and almost each Sunday in summers we would go sailing、 Dad was quite skilled in sailing, but not good at 36 、 As for me, I 37 both before twelve because of living close to Lake Ontario、The last time Dad and I set sail together is really 38 、 It was a perfect weekend after I graduated from university、 I came home and 39 Dad to go sailing、 Out we set soon on the 40 lake、Dad hadn’t sailed for years, but everything 41 well with the tiller （舵柄）in his hands、When we were in the middle of the lake, a 42 wind came all of a sudden、 The boatwas hit 43 、 Dad was always at his best in any 44 , but at this moment he 45 、“John! 46 !” he shouted in a trembling voice, with the tiller still in his hands、In my memory he could fix any 47 、 He was the one I always 48 for strength and security、 Before I could respond, a 49 of water got into the boat、 I rushed to the tiller 50 it was too late、 Anther huge wall of water 51 the boat in a minute、 We were thrown into the water, and Dad was struggling aimlessly、 At that moment, I felt fiercely 52 of him、I swam to Dad 53 and assisted him in climbing onto the hull（船壳）of the boat、 Upon sitting on the hull, Dad was a little awkward about his flash of 54 、“It’s all right, Dad、We are safe now,” I comforted him、That was the first time Dad had counted on me in a moment of emergency、 More importantly,I found it was my turn to start 55 for my father、36、A、boating B、 running C、 swimming D、 teaching37、A、enjoyed B、 desired C、 hated D、 learned38、A、unforgivable B、 unforgettable C、 cheerful D、 regretful39、A、sent B、 ordered C、 invited D、 allowed40、A、calm B、 icy C、 stormy D、 thundery41、A、finished B、 went C、 seemed D、 sounded42、A、strong B、 gentle C、 cold D、 hot43、A、respeatedly B、 lightly C、 hardly D、 violently44、 A、 danger B、 place C、 sport D、 job45、 A、 suffered B、 fell C、 froze D、 withdrew46、 A、 look B、 Help C、 Run D、 Jump47、 A、 problem B、 relationship C、 machine D、 boat48、 A、 turned to B、 lived with C、 argued with D、 objected to49、 A、 fountain B、 stream C、 shower D、 wave50、 A、 if B、 for C、 after D、 but51、 A、 got through B、 poured into C、 turned over D、 lifted up52、 A、 ashamed B、 protective C、 tired D、 afraid53、 A、 hopelessly B、 quickly C、 slowly D、 helplessly54、 A、 pain B、 anger C、 fear D、 shame55、 A、 making up B、 getting ready C、 paying off D、 looking out三、阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）请阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑.AThere was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care 、To water his flowers, he used two buckers 、One was a shiny and new bucket、 The other was a very old and dilapidated one、 Which had seen many years of service, but was now past its best、Every morning, the gardener would fill up the two buckets、 Then he would carry them along the path, one on each side, to the flowerbeds、 The new bucket was very proud of itself、It could carry a full bucket of water without a single drop spilled (溢出)、 The old bucket felt very ashamed because of its holes: before it reached the flowerbeds, much water had leaked along the path、Sometimes the new bucket would say,“ See how capable I am ! How go od it is that the gardener has me to water the flowers every day ! I don't know why he still bothers with you、 What a waste of apace you are!”And all that the old bucket could say was、“ I know I am not very useful, but I can only do my best 、I am happy that the gardener still finds a little bit of use in me ,at least 、”One day, the gardener heard that kind or conversation 、After was ring the flowers as usual 、he said ,”You both have done your work very well 、Now I am going to carry you back 、I want you to look carefully along the path、”Then the two buckets did so、All along the path,they noticed,on the side where the new bucket was carried、there was just bare（光秃秃的）earth;one the onther side where the old bucket was carried、there was a joyous row of wild flowers,leading all the way to the garden、56、What does the underlined word“dilapidated”probably mean?A、DirtyB、DarkC、Worn-outD、Plain-looking、57、What was the old bucket ashamed of?A、His past、B、His aging、C、His manner、D、His leaking、58、The new bucket made conversations with the old one mainly toA、laugth at the old oneB、take pity on the old oneC、show off its beautiful looksD、praise the gardener’s kindness59、Why was the old bucket still kept by the gardener?A、Because it was used to keep a balanceB、Because it stayed in its besr conditionC、Because it was taken as a treasureD、Because it had its own functionBMapping Your WorldDifferent forms of maps are appearing、They allow independent travelers to get local knowledge of places they are visting,from the official to the unusual、Meanwhile,hi-tech developments are ereating new ways for us to map the world、Here are two of our favorites;Green MapsGreen Maps allows people to share with the world their knowledge of environmentally friendly plaees and autactetions in the local areas、 Users add information with a set of icons（图标）,making It easy to read any map ,whatever the nationalities of those who produce it 、 At present there are over five hundredMap projects being developed in 54 coun tries Green Maps’ advertised idea is “think global,map local” 、It is a wonderful way of gaining all sorts of a place ,ranning fromcommunity garden to good places of bird watching、Green Maps is not specifically intended for travelers、 Not all of its maps are online, so it may be necessary for some users to communicate with producers through the Green Maps website、Maps MashupsMany people use online maps developed by Google, but not many know about the mashups of them、 Working in a similar way to Green Maps, Maps Mashups allows people to add icons of their own to exsiting maps to express a certain topic、 The mashups is so called because it combine all the knowledge you could ever need、 It ranges from the extremely useful, such as where all the World、 Heritage Site are, to the most bizarre （古怪的），such as where America’s munkest cities are、With the mashups added to the basic Google Maps, a multi-layered (多层的) map can be created、60、According to the passage,which of the following is a characteristic of Green Maps?A、Aiming at environmental protection、B、Introducing local attractions with icons、C、Offering advice to independent travelers、D、Cllecting icons worldwide for local maps、61、Which of the following icons is most probably NOT used in Green Maps?A、 B、C、 D、62、Map Mashups is named with the word “mashups”becauseA、it is produced by users all over the worldB、it gathers various kinds of informationC、it shaers icons with Green MapsD、it is a branch of Google Maps63、What do Green Maps and Map Mashups have in common?A、 They are created by local people、B、 They are environmentally friendly、C、 Users can edit maps on the Inernet、D、 Users need to communicate with produces、CGetting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing、 However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt、In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in、 A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths、 By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom、 So did the king of England in 1546、Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way、 Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty、 Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out、Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century、 Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health、 Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease、 Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ、 Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine、 Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attrtedes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays、Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease、On the conterary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system、And the latter position is gaining some ground、64、The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because 、A、they lived healthily in a dirty environment、B they thought bath houses were to dirty to stay inC、 they believed disease could be spread in public bathsD、 they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease65、Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?A、AfraidB、CuriousC、ApprovingD、Uninterested66、 How does the passage mainly develop?A、 By providing examples、B、 By making comparisons、C、 By following the order of time、D、 By following the order of importance、67、What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A、 To stress the role of dirt、B、 To introduce the history of dirt、C、 To call attention to the danger of dirt、D、 To present the change of views on dirt、DWilliam Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin on June 13,1865、His childhood lacked the harmony (和睦) that was typical of a happy family、 Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”、 In fact, he inherited (继承) excellent taste in art from his family ——both his father and his brother were painters、 But he finally settled on literature , particularly drama (戏剧) and poetry、Yeats had strong faith in coming of new artistic movements、 He set himself the fresh task in founding an Irish national theatre in the late 1890s、His early theatrical experiments,however,were not received favorably at the beginning、He didn’t lose heart,and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama、Compared with his dramatic works, Yeats’s poems attract much admiring notice、The subject matter includes love, nature, history, time and aging、 Though Yeats generally relied on very tradisional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them、 As his literary life progressed,his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide recognition、He had not enjoyed a major public life since winning the Nobel Price in 1923、Yet,he continued writing almost to the end of his life、 Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40,he would probably now his valued as a manor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75、 After Yeats’s death in 1939, W、H、 Auden wrote, among others, the following lines:Earth,recive an honoured guest:William Yeats is laid to rest、Let the Irish vessel (船) lieEmptied of its poetry68、Which of the following can describe Yeats’s family?A、It filled Yeats’s childhood with laughter、B、It was shocked by Yeats’s choice、C、It was a typically wealthy family、D、It had an artistic atmosphere、69、According to thse passage,what do we know about Yeats’s life?A、Yeats founded the first Irish theater、B、Yeats stuck to modern forms in his peotry、C、Yeats began to produce his best works from the 1910s、D、Yeats was not favored by the publie until the 1923 Noble Prize、70、What kind of feeling is expressed in W、H、Auden’s lines?A、EnvyB、SympathyC、EmptinessD、Admiration71、What is the passage mainly about?A、Yeats’s literary achievementsB、Yeats’s historical infuluenceC、Yeats’s artistic ambitionD、Yeats’s national honorESkeptics are stange lot、Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the enviroment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them、 Those people,say skeptics, spread noting but bad news about the environment、The “eco-guilt”brought on by the discouraging nes about our planet gives rise to the popularity od skeptice as people search for more comforting worldviews、Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity、That book ,The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “rea l state of the world”as fine、 Of course ,another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special intererts、Indeed, Mr、Lomborg’s views are similar to those of some Industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities though the media to confuse the public aboat issues like global warming、So it was strange to see Mr、Lomborg’s book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions、 One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of a rticles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down、”Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged、 But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership、 The review remarked that Mr、Lomborg’s “preference for unexamined materials is incredible（不可信的）”.A critical （批判的）eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions、 Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interest、People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media、That’s a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly、72、According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”?A、People who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”、B、 People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet、C、 People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities、D、 People who spread comforting news to protect our environment、73、Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg’s books?A、 Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests、B 、The book challenges views about the fine state of the wirld、C、 The author convinces people to speak comforting worldviews、D、 Industry–funded media present confusing information、74、 The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to____、A、 voice a different opinionB、find fault with Lomborg’s bookC、 challenge the authority of the mediaD、 point out the value of scientific views、75、What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passenger?A、 To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye、B、 To warn the public of the danger of half–blindness with reviews、C、To blame the media’s lack of responsibility in information、D、 To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media、四、写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1份，满分10分）以下标有题号的每一行均有一个错误，请找出，并按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉.此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词.此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词.注意：请在答题卡上作答.Today is Sunday 、I′ve been in Canada for two months 、This is the first time that I′ve been away my family for such a 76、long time、 With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, I′ve 77、soon got used to live without my parents around、 Katia,like 78、many other Russian girls, are nice and lively、 We became 79、friends shortly after we meet each other、 Although her English 80、is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we 81、usually talk a lot about our own family、We’re both surprised 82、that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different、 Now, 83、we are planning a small party for the next Sunday、There ,Katia 84、will introduce me to some of her friends,one of who has been 85、to China several times、I just can’t wait、第二节书面表达（满分25分）某国际动物关爱协会面向全球中学生招募“动物代言人”，希望申请者选择一种自己喜欢的动物，为之代言（speak for）.假设你是重庆新华中学的学生李华，有意参与该活动.现请您用英文在线填写申请表（仅需填写“申请陈述”部分．．．．．．．．．．．．），内容如下：●表示有意参加●说明自己富有爱心、关爱动物●打算为何种动物代言，并说明理由●希望申请成功Application Form （申请表）（2）词数100左右；（3）“申请陈述”的第一句已经给出，不计入总词数.2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷）英语试题答案一、听力（共20小题，每小题1、5分，满分30分）1、B2、B3、A4、C5、A6、B7、A8、C9、C 10、C 11、B 12、C 13、C14、B 15、A 16、B 17、A18、spring/Spring 19、20/twenty/Twenty 20、picnic/Picnic二、英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）21-25 DABDC 26-30 CDBAC 31-35 BACBD第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1、5分，满分30分）36-40 CDBCA 41-45 BADAC 46-50 BAADD 51-55 CBBCD二、阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）56-60 CDADB 61-65 BBCCA 66-70 CDDCD71-75 ABAAD四、写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）Today is Sunday 、I′ve been in Canada for two month s 、This is the first time that I′ve been away^ my family for such a 76、 from long time、 With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, I′ve 77、 mine soon got used to live without my parents around、 Katia,like 78、 living many other Russian girls, are nice and lively、 We became 79、 isfriends shortly after we meet each other、 Although her English 80、 metis a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we 81、 hard usually talk a lot about our own family、We’re both surprised 82、 families that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different、 Now, 83、 and we are planning a small party for the next Sunday、There ,Katia 84、 the will introduce me to some of her friends,one of who has been 85、 whomto China several times、I just can’t wait、第二节书面表达（满分25分）略。
2011年校内统考英语复习资料(2)
2011年6月重庆师范大学成人英语水平考试复习资料（2）I. Structure and V ocabulary1.He doesn’t have much money. He is only a _________ of the company.A. managerB. general engineerC. directorD. clerk2.I’m looking forward to ________ hime on the 17th, then.A. seeingB. seeC. sawD. seen3._______ you practice your English, ________ you’ll learn.A. More…fasterB. The more… the fasterC. The most…the fastestD. Most…fastest4. It is getting dark in the room. I guess it is _________ six o’clock.A. at largeB. at lastC. at leastD. at most5. Mrs. Smart didn’t like to take a bus. She walked there ________.A. instead ofB. as wellC. as well asD. instead6. You can see the house _____ for years.A. isn’t paintedB. hasn’t paintedC. hasn’t been paintedD. hadn’t painted7. They would not allow him ____ across the enemy line.A. to risk goingB. risking to goC. for risk to goD. risk going8. Can you tell me what ______________?A.your friend is likeB. is your friend likeC. does your friend look likeD. your friend look like9. We won’t give up _____ we should fail ten times.A. even ifB. sinceC. whetherD. until10. She ________ talk a lot. But now she is very quiet.A.is used toB. used toC. was used toD. did used to11. Is there a shop around ______ we can get fruit?A. whichB. whereC. thatD.who12.—Would you mind watering the flowers for me?-- _________ . I have to go to the post office.A. Not at allB. Never mindC.No, pleaseD. Sorry, I can’t.13. ______ Mary got her first job.A.In 1989 that it wasB. Because in 1989C. It was in 1989 thatD. That in 198914. “ I like the picture very much ”.“ So ______ .”A. I likeB. I doC. do ID. did I like15. The trading corporations are competing ______ each other _____ the European market.A. with …ofB. with…forC. about … forD. among …of16. Look! Lin Tao is catching up _____ Jim, now.A. toB. withC. onD. from17. The Prime Minister succeeded _____ the support of most people.A. to getB. in gettingC. to gettingD. at getting18. They look so happy. They ________have succeeded in persuading their teacher.A. canB. willC. mustD. would19. A fight broke out among the football fans and soon it went ________ control.A.underB. beyondC. aboveD. over20.Hardly _______ when they ran toward it.A. had the plane landedB. did the plane landC. the plane had landedD. the plane landedII. Reading Comprehension1Air travel is an everyday experience these days because it’s so fast. But frequent long-distance flying can be very tiring and the traveler begins to feel that his brains is in one country and his body is in another. In short, he hardly knows where he is.The tiredness after a long flight becomes stronger when we fly from east to westor vice versa because we cross time zones.Doctors say that air travlers should go straight to bed on arrival after crossing a number of time zones. They shouldn’t work without rest. However, airline pilots can hadly be affected. In fact, they often live by their own watches, paying no attention to local time. They can even have breakfast at midnight if necessary.Businessmen, however, are not so lucky. After a long journey, they must either go straight to an important meeting or to their boss to give a report. Even so, there are stilla lot of businessmen traveling by air.1. Why has air travel become a daily experience? Because it is ______ .A.very cheapB.easy to getC.so fastD.clean and comfortable2. By saying: “ the traveler begins to feel that his brain is in one country and his body is in another”, the author means __________ .A.the traveler goes madB.the traveler becomes foolishC.the traveler feels tiredD.the traveler doesn’t know where he is3. What does the phrase “vice versa” mean in this passage? It means ________.A.from east to westB.from west to eastC.from south to northD.from north to south4. Doctors say that air travelers should ________ after a long journey.A.go to work without wasting timeB.take exercise to relaxC.stay with their family membersD.go to bed and have a good rest5. Pilots can hardly be affected by frequent flying because they _________ .A. like flyingB.received a special trainingC. are especially strongD. live by their own timetable2Baggy jeans, sport shirts, and basketball hats are just a few marks of hip hop that has begun appearing on the streets of Taiwan. For example, Wang Wei, a junior 3 student living in Taipei, seems to be a shy boy when you first meet him. But if you meet him outside school, he’s a different person. He loves the special kind of dance: hip hop.When his body movesquickly to the hip hop music, he becomes active and excited. Now more and more young people in Taiwan join this group.Hip hop started in the early 1970s and then it came to Asia in the 1980s. It becomes very popular in China now. Hop hop dancers often pracitce on the streets. They usually wear big clothes and spin on their heads and hands. Young people like hip hop because it’s lively . It’s very interesting and exciting. It makes young people happy and relaxed. And they can make lots of friends through the dance. “All you need to do is just to follow the music. It makes me feel relaxed,”said Wang Wei. “I practice dancing three times a week. And I study better than before. I hope children not only care about the subjects but also care about the health.”1. What do the hip hop dancers often wear ?________.A.Baggy jeansB. Sports shirtsC. Basketball hatsD.All of the above1.When did hip hop start?___________.A.In the early 1970s.B. In the late 1970s.C. In the early 1980s.D. In the late 1980s.2.Where do these hip hop dancers often practice? ___________A. In the gyms.B. In the concert halls.C. On the playgrounds.D. On the streets.3.How often does Wang Wei practice dancing? ____.A. Once a weekB. Twice a week.C. Three times a week .D. Almost every day.4.Why do many children like hip hop?________A. Because they want to be famous dancers.B. Because it’s lively.C. Because lots of young people like it.D. Because it makes them feel relaxed.3In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 pm. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it is a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.If a late telephone call is regarded in the United States as a cause for concern, imagine the excitement and fear caused by a crowd of people arriving at the door at 2:00 am. On an island in the South Pacific, a plant manager from the United States had just such an experience. The natives of island met one night to discuss a problem. When they arrived at a solution, they went to see the plant manager and woke him up to tell him what had been decided. Unfortunately, they did not know that it is a very serious matter to wake up Americans at such an hour. The plant manager, who did not understand the local culture, thought there was a fight and called the police. It never occurred to him (or to the natives) that parts of the day have different meanings in different cultures.1.According to the U.S. custom, what does a very early telephone call means to anAmerican?A. Very impolite.B. Not usualC. Very urgent.D. Not necessary.2.At which of the following hours is a phone call NOT regarded as of primaryimportance?A. 11:00 am.B. 11:30 pm.C. 5:00 am.D. 12:00 pm.3.Why did the natives go to the plant manag er’s home and wake him up ?A. To have a talk with him.B. To inform him of their decision.C. To discuss a problem with him.D. To tell him a problem they met with.4.What was the manager’s immediate reaction to the natives’ arrival?A.He thought the natives were mad.B. He didn’t take it seriously.C. He called in a policeman to talk with the natives.D. He believed there was a fight and called the police at once.5.What is most likely caused by a phone call or a visit at midnight?A. Concern.B. FearC. Excitement.D. All of the above.4Women are terrible shoppers. They spend a lot of time shopping and they only buy a few things. My wife is one of them. Sometimes she shops all day and she doesn’t buy anything. She tries on clothes all day and then doesn’t bring anything home. This seems mad.She’s too fussy. She only likes a few colors. Her favorite colors are blue,green and yellow. She doesn’t like red and pink. They are too bright and they don't suit her. Andbrown and gray aren't bright enough. Oh, she’s fussy.This week, my wife bought herself a fur coat, and a ready-made suit dress, that is to say, a coat and a skirt. She wants to find a silk blouse to match them. She’d like to buy a hat, too. In this way, she says, she will be very in the very latest fashion. It seems that the suit she bought three weeks ago is already out of date.1.Women are terrible shoppers because they ________.A. buy too many things at one timeB. go shopping every dayC. do a lot of shopping but buy littleD. care little about prices2. The author’s wife is ___________.A. mad about colorsB. blind to colorsC. fussy about colorsD. fond of bright colors3. The author’s wife bought ____________ this week.A. a silk blouseB. a hatC. a suitD. a fur coat and a skirt4. The author’s wife always buys more because __________.A. she is keen on the lasted fashionB. she is fussy about changing colors of her dressC. she always finds her dress uncomfortableD. she tries to look younger than her age5. The author thinks his wife is anything but a _______ shopper.A. crazyB. fussyC. terribleD. reasonableIII. Translate the following sentence into Chinese.1. Can you give us some suggestions on where to go?2. The manager is expecting you in his offce. Please go right in.3. I like Chinese culture so much that my hobbies are Chinese painting and Beijing Opera.4. It will certainly remind me of China when I return to my country.5. We are having an informal dinner at our home on Saturday, May 21st, at 6 p.m., and would love you to join us.IV. Complete the dialogue .Receptionist: Good morning. 1__________________?（问他有何事）Visitor: Yes, I have an appointment with Mr. Chen, the vice-president. Receptionist: 2________________ （问他姓名）Visitor: George Smith of Walsh Company.Receptionist: Thank you very much, Mr. Smith. I’ll call Mr. Chen’s office. 3______________ ?（告诉他坐下等一下）Visitor: Thank you.Receptionist: Mr. Chen’s office? This is Receptionist. 4_______________ (告诉他有位史密斯先生来这里赴约)Secretary：Pleasesend him in.Receptionist: Thank you. 5 __________________ . （告诉史密斯先生陈先生正等着见他并请他进去）Visitor：Thank you very much.Receptionist: You are welcome.V、Writing某学校附近拟建一座化工厂。
2011重庆高考题
例：A computer can only do__________ you have instructed it to do.A. howB. afterC. whatD. when答案是：C21. That price of music sounds quite familiar. Who _________the piano upstairs?A. has playedB. playedC. playsD. is playing22. It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A. WhetherB. whenC. whichD. where23.——Are you going to take part in the speech contest?———_____________It’s too good an opportunity to miss.A. No problem!B. That’s for sure.C. Why me?D. Why bother?24.Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read __________ the library.A. inB. forC. byD. from25.—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?—I want to ,but my mom simply _________ not let me out so late at night.A. couldB. mightC. wouldD. should26. In communication, a smile is usually ___________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude.A. the, /B. a, anC. a, /D. the, an27.—Silly me! I foeget what my luggage looks like.—What do you think of over there?A.the oneB.thisC.itD.that28.I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ?A. could heB.didn’t IC. didn’t youD. could they29.More TV programs,according to government to officials, will be produced people’s concern over food safety.A.to raiseB.raisingC.to have raisedD. having raised30.To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off we are to shake hands with.A.whicheverB.wheneverC.whoeverD.wherever31.Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He to have been praised by the manager just now.A.seemedB.seemsC.had seemedD.is seeming32.—Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?— Of course, I hava. It was in our village it was made.A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which33. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.A. remindingB. to remindC. remindedD. renmind34. It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.A. whoseB. whatC. whichD. that35. —Do you have Mary’s phone number?—Sorry,____________.A. I don't knowB. forget itC. here you areD. I can’t reme mber it第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）请阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。
重庆大学研究生基础英语B2011版试卷及答案
Part I: Reading Comprehension 40%Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OnePsychologists agree that I.Q. contributes only about 20 percent of the factors that determine success. A full 80 percent comes from other factors，including what I call emotional intelligence. Following are two of the major qualities that make up emotional intelligence，and how they can be developed：1. Self-awareness. The ability to recognize a feeling as it happens is the keystone of emotional intelligence. People with greater certainty about their emotions are better pilots of their lives.Developing self-awareness requires tuning in to what neurologist Antonio Damasio calls ―gut feelings‖。
2011年重庆高考英语试卷与答案(含解析)
绝密★启用前2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷）英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷1页至10页，第Ⅱ卷10页。
考试结束后，须将答案答在答题卡上，在本试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分（共115分）一、听力（共三节，满分30分）做题时，请先将答案划在试题卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟时间将试题卷上的答案转涂或转填到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项选项，并标在试题卷的相应位臵。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the sweater?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.15.C. ￡9.18.答案是B。
1. How many classes does the rich woman have?A. TwoB. ThreeC. Five2. What color is the poor woman‟s chicken?A. RedB. BlueC. Green3. What is the probable friendship between the two speakers?A. Husband and wifeB. Boss and secretaryC. Waiter and customer4. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Whether to call JoanB. Whether to go to the meetingC. Whether to see Joan at lunch5. What does the man mean?A. Paul will be lateB. Paul will be on timeC. Paul will not come第二节(共13小题；每小题1.5分，满分19.5分)听下面4段对话。
2011年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题
2011年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题2011年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题试卷一(Paper One)Part I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once,after you hear the question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I feel faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question Number1.1. A.The man is busy. B.The man has trouble breathingC.The man is out of town on business.D.The man is hiding himself from the woman.2. A.He has a terrible backache. B.He has a bad headache.C.He has a toothacheD.He has a diarrhea3. A.It is fast. B.It is slow. C.It works well. D.It is not working.4. A.Four days. B.Ten days. C.One week D.Two weeks.5. A.He is a lawyer B.He is a doctor.C.He is a travel agent.D.He is an immigration officer.6. A.Sunday. B.Tuesday. C.Thursday. D.Saturday.7. A.Two. B.Thee. C.Four. D.Five.8. A.To X-ray his chest. B.To hospitalize him.C.To perform a minor surgery.D.To transfer him to a specialist.9. A.To go shopping. B.To go back to work.C.To change their topic.D.To entertain their guests.10. A.The man is working too hard. B.The man needs to think it over.C.The man is supposed to find a job.D.The man has made a right decision.11. A.Discussin a case. B.Def in a dia nosis.C.Performing a surgery.D.Talking with the patient.12. A.The woman's classmate. B.The woman's boyfriend.C.The woman's brother.D.The woman's teacher.13. A.The man is a liar. B.The man is jealous of Lisa.C.She does not agree with the man on that.D.She will surely do the same as Lisa does.14. A.250Yuan. B.450Yuan. C.650Yuan. D.850Yuan.15. A.She disagrees with the man there. B.She is going to change her mind.C.It is out of the question to do that.D.It is possible to forgive him.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages,after each of which,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B, C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Dialogue16. A.Liver failure. B.Breast cancer.C.Kidney failure.D.Diabetes out of control.17. A.Shape. B.Color C.Price. D.Size18. A.It is much smaller than a microwave. B.It leaves much room for reduction.C.It is adjustable.D.It is perfect.19. A.It is under a clinical trial. B.It is available in the market.C.It is widely used in the clinic.D.It is in the experimental stage.20. A.The commercial companies have invested a lot in the new machine.B.The further development of the machine is in financial trouble.C.The federal government finances the research.D.The machine will come into being in no time.Passage One21. A.Suicide. B.Obesity. C.Turmoil. D.Drug abuse.22. A.Preventable. B.Destructive. C.Treatable. D.Curable23. bining anti-depressants and talk therapy.B.Promoting the transmission between neurons.C.Winning parental assistance and support.D.Administering effective anti-depressants.24. A.Because it adds to the effect of treatment.B.Because it works better than the medications.C.Because it can take the place of antidepressants.D.Because it helps reduce the use of antidepressants.25. A.65percent. B.75percent. C.85percent. D.95percent. Passage Two26. A.Helplessness and worthlessness. B.Feeling like a loser.C.Suicidal feeling.D.All of the above.27. A.It encourages the patient to be a top student at school.B.It motivates the patient to work better than others.C.It makes it easy for the patient to make friends.D.It helps the patient hold a positive attitude.28. A.By encouraging the patient to do the opposite at school.B.By urging the patient to face any challenge in reality.C.By making the patient aware of his or her existence.D.By changing the patient's perspective.29. A.Those who stop taking anti-depressants. B.Those who ask for more medications.C.Those who are on the medications.D.Those who abuse the medications.30. A.Anxiousness B.Nausea. C.Fever. D.InsomniaPartⅡVocabulary(10%)Section ADirections:In this section,all the sentences are incomplete.Four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence,then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.There are many doctors who have endeavored to increase the___of their behavior as medicalprofessionals.A.transactionB.transformationC.transmissionD.transparency32.He seemed most___to my idea which was exceptionally creative.A.alienB.ambulantC.amiableD.amenable33.The fist attempts at gene therapy have mostly___,but technique will surely be made to workeventually.A.stumbledB.stammeredC.striddenD.strutted34.She is admitted to the hospital with complaints of upper abdominal pain and___for fatty foods.A.preferenceB.persistenceC.intoleranceD.appetence35.By sheer___I met the old classmate we had been discussing yesterday.A.coincidenceB.coherenceC.collaborationD.collocation36.As the drugs began to____,the pain began to take hold again.A.wear offB.put offC.all offD.show off37.The environment surrounding health care has been greatly altered by the___medicaltechnologies.A.ApproachingB.impracticableC.sophisticatedD.transient38.At last,she____some reasons for her strange behavior.A.abolishedB.admonishedC.abstainedD.perception39.Doctors are concerned with health of people from___to the grave.A.conceptionB.receptionC.deceptionD.perception40.In more___examinations,the blood is tested in a multichannel analyzer machine forabnormities.A.conciseB.deviousC.elaborateD.feasibleSection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer an the ANSWER SHEET.41.She fell awkwardly and broke her leg.A.embarrassinglyB.reluctantlyC.clumsilyD.dizzily42.Throughout most of the recorded history,medicine was anything but scientific.A.more or lessB.by and largeC.more often than notD.by no means43.The students were captivated by the way the physician presented the case.A.illuminatedB.fascinatedC.alienatedD.hallucinated44.We demand some tangible proof of our hard work in the form of statistical data,a product or afinancial reward.A.intelligibleB.infinitiveC.substantialD.deficient45.But diets that restrict certain food groups or promise unrealistic results are difficult—orunhealthy—to sustain over time.A.maintainB.reserveC.conceiveD.empower46.The molecular influence pervades all the traditional disciplines underlying clinical medicine.A.specialtiesB.principlesC.rationalesD.doctrines47.One usually becomes aware of the onset of puberty through its somatic manifestations.A.juvenileB.potent B.potent D.matured48.His surgical procedure should succeed,for it seems quite feasible.A.rationalB.reciprocalC.versatileD.viable49.These are intensely important questions about quality and the benefits of specialty care andexperience.A.irresistiblyB.vitallyC.potentiallyD.intriguingly50.This guide gives you information on the best self-care strategies and the latest medicaladvances.A.tendsB.techniquesC.notionsD.breakthroughsPartⅢCloze(10%)Directions:In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks.For each blank,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEIET.Whenever people go and live in another country,they have new experiences and new feelings.They experience culture shock.Many people have a(n)51about culture shock:they think that it's just a feeling of sadness and homesickness when a person is in a new country.But this isn't really true.Culture shock is a completely natural52,and everybody goes53it in a new culture.There are four stages,or steps,in culture shock.When people first arrive in a new country, they're usually excited and54.Everything is interesting.They notice that a lot of things are55 their own culture and this surprises them and makes them happy.This is Stage One.In Stage Two,people notice how different the new culture is from their own culture.They become confused.It seems difficult to do even very simple things.They feel56.They spend a lot of time57or with other people from their own country.They think,“my problems are all because I'm living in this country.”Then,in Stage Three,they begin to understand the new culture better.They begin to like some new customs.They58some people in the new country.They're59comfortable and relaxed.In Stage Four,they feel very comfortable.They have good friends in the new culture.They understand the new customs.Some customs are similar to their culture,and some are different,but that's OK.They can60it.51. A.account B.reflection C.verification D.misconception52. A.transition B.exchange C.immigration D.selection53. A.for B.through C.after D.about54. A.frightened B.confused C.uneasy D.happy55. A.representative of B.different from C.peculiar to D.similar to56. A.intoxicated B.depressed C.amazed D.thrilled57. A.lonely B.alone C.lone D.only58. A.make friends with B.make transactions withC.hold hostility toD.shut the door to59. A.hardly B.more C.very D.less60. A.live with B.do without C.hold up with D.make a success ofPartⅣReading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions.For each question there are four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OnePatients can recall what they hear while under general anesthetic even if they don't wake up, concludes a new study.Several studies over the past three decades have reported that people can retain conscious or subconscious memories of things that happened while they were being operated on.But failure by other researchers to confirm such findings has led skeptics to speculate that the patients who remembered these events might briefly have regained consciousness in the course of operations.Gitta Lubke,Peter Sebel and colleagues at Emory University in Atlanta measured the depth of anesthesia using bispectral analysis,a technique which measures changes in brainwave patterns in the frontal lobes moment by moment during surgery.Before this study,researchers only took an average measurement over the whole operation,says Lubke.Lubke studied96trauma patients undergoing emergency surgery,many of whom were too severely injured to tolerate full anesthesia.During surgery,each patient wore headphones trough which a series of16words was repeated for3minutes each.At the same time,bispectral analysis recorded the depth of anesthesia.After the operation,Lubke tested the patients by showing therm the fist three letters of a word, such as“lim”,and asking them to complete it.Patients who had had a word starting with these letters played during surgery—“limit”for example—chose that word an average of1I percent more often than patients who had been played a different word list.None of the patients had any conscious memory of hearing the word list.Unconscious priming was strongest for words played when patients were most lightly anaesthetized.But it was statistically significant even when patients were fully anaesthetized when the word was played.This finding,which will be published in the journal Anesthesiology could mean that operating theatre staff should be more discreet.What they say during surgery may distress patients afterwards, says Philip Merikle,a psychologist at the University of Waterloo,Ontario.61.Scientists have found that deep anesthesia___A.is likely to affect hearingB.cannot block surgeons’wordsC.can cause serious damages to memoryD.helps retain conscious or subconscious memories62.By the new study,the technique of bispectral analysis helps the scientists__A.acquire an average measurement of brainwave changes over the whole surgeryB.decide whether the patient would retain conscious or subconscious memoriesC.relate their measurements and recordings to the verbal sounds during surgeryD.assure the depth of anesthesia during surgery63.To test the patients,the scientists___A.prepared two lists of wordsed ninety-six headphones for listeningC.conducted the whole experiment for three minutesD.voiced only the first three letters of sixteen words during surgery64.The results from the new study indicate that it was possible for the patients___A.to regain consciousness under the knife.B.to tell one word from another after surgery.C.to recall what had been heard during surgery.D.to overreact to deep anesthesia in the course of operations.65.What we can infer from the finding?A.How surgical malpractice can be prevented.B.Why a surgeon cannot be too careful.C.Why surgeons should hold their tongues during surgery.D.How the postoperative patients can retain subconscious memories.Passage TwoScientists used to believe adult brains did not grow any new neurons,but it has emerged that new neurons can sprout in the brains of adult rats,birds and even humans.Understanding the process could be important for finding ways to treat diseases such as Alzheimer's in which neurons are destroyed.Most neurons sprouting in adulthood seem to be in the hippocampus,a structure involved in learning and memory.But they rarely survive more than a few weeks.“We thought they were possibly dying because they were deprived of some sort of input.”says Elizabeth Gould,a neuroscientist at Princeton.Because of the location,Gould and her colleagues suspect that learning itself might bolster the new neurons’survival,and that only tasks involving the hippocampus would do the trick.To test this,they injected adult male rats with a substance that labeled newborn neurons so that they could be ter,they gave some of the rats standard tasks.One involved using visual and spatial cues,such as posters on a wall,to learn to find a platform hidden under murky water.In another,the rats learnt to associate a noise with a tiny shock half a second later.Both these tasks use the hippocampus—if this structure is damaged,rats can’t do them.Meanwhile,the researches gave other rats similar tasks that did not require the hippocampus. finding a platform that was easily visible in water,for instance.Other members of the control group simply paddled in a tub of water or listened to noises.The team report in Nature Neuroscience that the animals given the tasks that activate the hippocampus kept twice as many of their new neurons alive as the others.“Learning opportunities increase the number of neurons,”says Gould.But Fred Gage and his colleagues at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla,California,dispute this.In the same issue of Nature Neuroscience,they report that similar water maze experiments on mice did not help new neurons survive.Gould thinks the difference arose because the groups labeled new neurons at different times. Her team gave the animals tasks two weeks after the neurons were labeled.When the new cells would normally be dying.She thinks the Salk group put their mice to work too early for new neurons to benefit.“By the time the cells were degenerating,the animals were not learning anything,”she says.66.Not until recently did scientists find out that_____A.new neurons could grow in adult brainsB.neurons could be man-made in the laboratoryC.neurons were destroyed in Alzheimer's diseaseD.humans could produce new neurons as animals67.Gould’s notion was that the short-lived neurons___A.did survive longer than expectedB.would die much sooner than expected couldC.could actually better learning and memoryD.could be kept alive by stimulating the hippocampus68.Which of the following can clearly tell the two groups of rats from each other in the test?A.The water used.B.The noises played.C.The neurons newly born.D.The hippocampus involved.69.Gould theorizes that the Salk group’s failure to report the same results was due to__A.the timing of labeling new neuronsB.the frequency of stimulationC.the wrongly labeled neuronsD.the types of learning tasks70.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?e It or Lose ItB.Learn to SurviveC.To Be or Not to BeD.Stay Mentally HealthyPassage ThreeHere’s yet another reason to lose weight.Heavier people are more likely to be killed or seriously injured in car accidents than lighter people.That could mean car designers will have to build in new safety features to compensate for the extra hazards facing overweight passengers.In the U.S.,car manufacturers have already had to redesign air bags so they inflate to lower pressures making them less of a danger to smaller women and children.But no one yet knows what it is that puts overweight passengers at extra risk.A study carried out in Seattle,Washington looked at more than26000people who had been involved in car crashes,and found that heavier people at far more risk.People weighing between 100and119kilograms are almost two-and-a-half lines as likely to die in a crash as people weighing less than60kilo-grams.And importantly,the same trend held up when the researchers looked at body mass index (BMI)—a measure that takes height as well as weight into account.Someone1.8meters tall weighing126kilograms would have a BMI of39,but so would a person1.5meters tell weighing88 kilograms.People are said to be obese if their BMI is30or over.The study found that people with a BMI of35to39are over twice as likely to die in a crash compared with people with BMIs of about20.It’s not just total weight,but obesity itself that’s dangerous.While they do not yet know why this is the case,the evidence is worth pursuing,says Charles Mack,a surgeon and epidemiologist at the Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center in Seattle,who led the research team.He thinks one answer maybe for safety authorities to use heaviercrash-test dummies when certifying cars as safe to drive.Crash tests normally use dummies that represent standard-sized males weighing about78 kilograms.Recently,smaller crash-test dummies have also been used to represent children inside crashing cars.But larger and heavier dummies aren’t used,the U.S.National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in Washington DC told New Scientist.The reasons for the higher injury and death rates are far from clear,Mock speculates that car interiors might not be suitably designed for heavy people.Or obese people,with health problems such as high blood pressure or diabetes,could be finding it tougher to recover from injury.71.When they redesigned air bags to hold less pressure,the American car manufacturers____.A.found it hard to set standards without the definition of obesityB.incidentally brought about extra risks to obese passengersC.based their job on the information of car accidentsD.actually neglected smaller women and children72.When they categorized the obese people,the researchers____.A.showed a preference for BMI in measurementsB.achieved almost the same results as previouslyC.found the units of kilogram more applicable than BMID.were shocked to know the number of obese people killed in car crashes73.To address the problem,Mock____.A.suggested that the safety authorities use heavier crash-test dummiesB.cried for the standardization of crash-test dummiesC.reduced the weights of crash-test dummiesD.encouraged obese people to lose weight74.While exploring the reason for the higher injury and death rates,Mock would most probablysay that____.A.cars can be made safer to avoid cashesB.it is wise for obese people not to drive drunkC.it is not just total weight,but obesity itself that is dangerousD.the main reason behind the problem is drinkers’heavy weight75.Which of the following questions is closely related to the passage?A.Are air bags really necessary to be built in cars?B.Are cars certified as safe to drive?C.Are crash-test dummies too thin?D.Are car accidents preventable?Passage FourIt seems intuitive that going to a specialist physician will result in more thorough and up-to-date care for whatever ails you.In fact,many studies support this idea-but health-Care researchers caution that they may not tell the whole story.The first question is whose patients are sicker?Specialists tend to treat more complicated forms of disease,but generalist—family physicians and general practitioners—are more likely to treat patients with several coexisting diseases.A second question is what counts as the most valuable treatment?Specialists are more familiar with standards of care for the diseases they treat regularly,says Harlan M.Krumholz of Yale University.On the other hand,a generalist may do a better job of coordinating a patient’s care and keeping an eye on a person’s overall health,says Martin T.Donohoe of the Oregon Health Sciences University in PortlandTo further complicate comparisons,many generalists will consult with specialists on complicated cases,but medical records do not always show that,says Carolyn Clancy of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research in Rockville,Md.That said,stroke patients treated by neurologists are more likely to survive than stroke patients treated by generalists.Among about3800sroke sufferers nationwide,16.1percent of those treated by a neurologist died within3months,compared with25.3percent of those treated by family physicians.Several studies have shown that people with heart disease fare better when they are treated by cardiologists,says Ira S.Nash of the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York,but it’s hard to figure out exactly why.“Physician specialty,in addition to being a measure of formal training in the field,is also a proxy for clinical experience,”he says.“It’s very difficult to separate out the overlapping concepts: one,that practice makes perfect;two,the effect of the educational and time investments in a clinical problem the physician is simply interested in;and three,the issue of formal training.”Differences between specialist care and generalist care,however,pale in comparison with the finding that both specialists and generalists often fail to put the latest knowledge into practice, contend both Donohoe and Clancy.A report by the U.S.General Accounting Office documented that heart attack survivors who saw cardiologists regularly were more likely to take cholesterol-lowering drugs and beta blockers—which reduce heart rate and blood pressure—than those who received care from a generalist.Even so,these life-prolonging drugs were not prescribed to many patients who appeared to be eligible for them,implying that both generalists and specialists could do better.“Maybe we are focusing too much energy on the differences between generalist and specialist care,”says Donohoe.Perhaps,he adds,“we should focus more intently on improving the quality of communication and cooperation between generalists and specialists and on developing and promoting practice guidelines that might have a much bigger effect on the overall health of Americans.”76.Which of the following questions can most probably come out of the two questions raised inthe passage?A.Is specialist care superior?B.What is specialist care all about?C.Why is one unwilling to be a generalist?D.Is generalist care the future of medicine?77.The answers to the two questions suggest that____.A.generalists are more likely to be ignoredB.a specialist can be a generalist,or vice versaC.neither of the two groups is better than the otherD.patients have every reason to go to specialist physicians78.According to the passage,the better treatment of stroke and heart disease on the part ofspecialists____.A.cannot simply be ascribed to specialtyB.is hard to be justified on the nationwide scaleC.is enough to prove the superiority of specialist careD.has much to do with the amount of formal education79.Both specialists and generalists,Donohoe and Clancy contend,could do a better job of____.A.taking advantage of the otherB.avoiding as much malpractice as possibleC.putting the latest knowledge into practicecating the public to their consciousness of health80.Donohoe is trying to shift our attention to_____.A.better communication and cooperation between generalists and specialistsB.the real nature of specialist and generalist care,respectivelyC.the similarities between generalist and specialist careD.the declining health of AmericansPassage FiveChildren are spending an increasing amount of time using puters are now found in most classrooms,and in the majority of homes,almost always with internet accepts. However,many studies of children’s use of computers show that there are possible negative effects. This essay will explain the possible negative effects of computer use on children,focusing on the effects on family and peer relationships and the increased tendency towards violent behavior.Computer use may negatively affect the social relationship between children and their parents. Because children spend so much time on computers,they often know more about advanced computer use than their parents,According to Subrahmanyam and his colleagues(2001)this often leads to a role reversal,where the child becomes a teacher to the parent.In other words,it is often the case that a highly computer literate teenager will teach their parents how to use the more complex functions of computer technology.This can lead to a reduction in parental authority. Moreover,with the anonymity of online communication,computer users do not know if they are talking to a child or an adult,so all users are treated equally(Subrahmanyam et al,2001).Children may then expect the same equality in real life,further contributing to a breakdown in the parent-children relationship(Subrahmanyam et al,200l).Children’s peer relationships can also be negatively affected by extensive computer use.Since computers are more likely to be used in isolation by children,they spend little time interacting with their peers(Shields&Behrman,2001).As a result,children may not develop the social skills they need,or be able to maintain friendships in the real world(Subrahmanyam et al,2001).With the very extended computer use,this isolation from the real world can lead to loneliness and even depression(Shields&Behrman,2001).A disturbing possible effect of computer use on children is the link between computer games and violence.Current research has already documented a strong link between violent films and television and aggressive behavior in children,so it is reasonable to believe that a similar link will be found between violent behavior in children and violence in computer games(Subrahmanyam et al,200l).However,as Shields Behrman(200l)points out,it is important to note that although the games may affect all children,children who prefer violent games could be most affected.In conclusion,using a computer,particularly for extended periods,may affect the parent-children relationship in families.It could also result in children not learning the social skills they need to interact with peers and maintain friendships.Moreover,it seems likely that playing violent computer games is linked to violence in children.Although the research is not conclusive,it appears that extended use of computers could have a negative effect on children’s social development.8l.From the very beginning,the author is trying to draw out attention to_____A.crimes on rise at schoolB.a decline in family valueC.the negative effects of children’s overuse of computerD.the increasing number of investigations on education82.Which is the best reason for the reduction of parental authority according to the passage?A.Children become teachers to their parents.B.Parents are fossilized in new technology.C.Children expect for an equal status with their parents.D.Parents’roles are being shrunk by the computer.83.What does Shield Behrman imply in the passage?A.Children greatly value the friendship with their peers.B.Children are doomed to suffer depression by using computer.C.Children will in no circumstances be affected by violent games.D.Children’s inclination to aggression may derive from violent games.84.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the negative result of playing computer games inthe passage?A.A lack of social communication.B.Increasing violent performance.C.A decline in intelligence.D.A breakdown in family relationship.85.Where the passage might be taken from?。
重庆大学考博英语
2011 年 GMAT 考试阅读材料 5(附答案) How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies. Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems. 1. Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage? (A) What causes labor market pathologies that result in suffering (B) Why income measures are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty (C) Which of the currently used statistical procedures are the best for estimating the incidence of hardship that is due to unemployment (D) Where the areas of agreement are among poverty, employment, and earnings figures (E) How social statistics give an unclear picture of the degree of hardship caused by low wages and insufficient employment opportunities 2. The author uses “labor market problems” in lines 1 -2 to refer to which of the following? (A) The overall causes of poverty (B) Deficiencies in the training of the work force (C) Trade relationships among producers of goods (D) Shortages of jobs providing adequate income (E) Strikes and inadequate supplies of labor 3. The author contrasts the 1930’s with the present in order to show that (A) more people were unemployed in the 1930’s (B) unemployment now has less severe effects (C) social programs are more needed now (D) there now is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty (E) poverty has increased since the 1930’s 4. Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author? (A) Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment. (B) A compromise should be found between the positions of thosewho view joblessness as an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view. (C) New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering. (D) Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure. (E) The labor force should be restructured so that it corresponds to the range of job vacancies. 5. The author’s purpose in citing those who are repeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month period is most probably to show that (A) there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor force (B) unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship resulting from joblessness (C) recurrent inadequacies in the labor market can exist and can cause hardships for individual workers (D) a majority of those who are jobless at any one time to not suffer severe hardship (E) there are fewer individuals who are without jobs at some time during a year than would be expected on the basis of monthly unemployment figures 6. The author states that the mitigating effect of social programs involving income transfers on the income level of low-income people is often not felt by (A) the employed poor (B) dependent children in single-earner families (C) workers who become disabled (D) retired workers (E) full-time workers who become unemployed 7. According to the passage, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to overpredict the amount of economic hardship is the (A) recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workers (B) possibility that earnings may be received from more than one job per worker (C) fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wages and remain poor(D) establishment of a system of record-keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statistics (E) prevalence, among low-wage workers and the unemployed, of members of families in which others are employed 8. The conclusion stated in lines 33-39 about the number of people who suffer as a result of forced idleness depends primarily on the point that (A) in times of high unemployment, there are some people who do not remain unemployed for long (B) the capacity for self-support depends on receiving moderate-to-high wages (C) those in forced idleness include, besides the unemployed, both underemployed part-time workers and those not actively seeking work (D) at different times during the year, different people are unemployed (E) many of those who are affected by unemployment are dependents of unemployed workers 9. Which of the following, if true, is the best criticism of the author’s argument concerning why poverty statistics cannot properly be used to show the effects of problems in the labor market? (A) A short-term increase in the number of those in poverty can indicate a shortage of jobs because the basic number of those unable to accept employment remains approximately constant. (B) For those who are in poverty as a result of joblessness, there are social programs available that provide a minimum standard of living. (C) Poverty statistics do not consistently agree with earnings statistics, when each is taken as a measure of hardship resulting from unemployment. (D) The elderly and handicapped categories include many who previously were employed in the labor market. (E) Since the labor market is global in nature, poor workers in one country are competing with poor workers in another with respect to the level of wages and the existence of jobs. 参考答案：EDBC BADEAModern manufacturers, who need reliable sources of materials and technologically advanced components to operate profitably, face an increasingly difficult choice between owning the producers of these items (a practice known as backward integration) and buying from independent producers.Manufacturers who integrate may reap short-term rewards, but they often restrict their future capacity for innovative product development. Backward integration removes the need for some purchasing and marketing functions, centralizers overhead, and permits manufacturers to eliminate duplicated efforts in research and development. Where components are commodities (ferrous metals or petroleum, for example), backward integration almost certainly boosts profits. Nevertheless, because product innovation means adopting the most technologically advanced and cost-effective ways of making components, backward integration may entail a serious risk for a technologically active company-for example, a producer of sophisticated consumer electronics. A company that decides to make rather than buy important parts can lock itself into an outdated technology. Independent suppliers may be unwilling to share innovations with assemblers with whom they are competing. Moreover, when an assembler sets out to master the technology of producing advanced components, the resulting demands on its resources may compromise its ability to assemble these components successfully into end products. Long-term contracts with suppliers can achieve many of the same cost benefits as backward integration without compromising a company’s ability to innovate. However, moving away from backward integration is not a complete solution either. Developing innovative technologies requires independent suppliers of components to invest huge sums in research and development. The resulting low profit margins on the sale of components threaten the long-term financial stability of these firms. Because the ability of end-product assemblers to respond to market opportunities depends heavily on suppliers of components, assemblers are often forced to integrate by purchasing the suppliers of components just to keep their suppliers in business. Answers to Sample GMAT Reading Comprehension Questions9. According to the passage, all of the following are benefits associated with backward integration EXCEPT: (A) improvement in the management of overhead expenses (B) enhancement of profit margins on sales of components (C) simplification of purchasing and marketing operations (D) reliability of a source of necessary components (E) elimination of unnecessary research efforts 10. According to passage, when an assembler buys a firm that makes some important component of the end product that the assembler produces, independent suppliers of the same component may (A) withhold technological innovations from the assembler (B) experience improved profit margins of on sales of their products (C) lower their prices to protect themselves from competition (D) suffer finanical difficluties and go out of business (E) stop developing new versions of the component 11. Which of the following best describes the way the last paragraph functions in the context of the passage? (A) The last in a series of arguments supporting the central argument of the passage is presented. (B) A viewpoint is presented which qualifies one presented earlier in the passage. (C) Evidence is presented in support of the argument developed in the preceding paragrap. (D) Questions arising from the earlier discussion are identified as points of departure for further study of the topic. (E) A specific example is presented to illustrate the main elements of argument presented in the earlier paragraphs. 12. According to the passage, which of the following relationships between profits and investments in research and development holds true for producers of technologically advanced components? (A) Modest investments are required and the profit margins on component sales are lowl. (B) Modest investments are required but the profit margins on component sales are quite high. (C) Despite the huge investments that are required, the profit margins on components sales are high. (D) Because huge investments are required, the profit margins on component sales are low. (E) Long-term contractual relationships with purchasers of components ensure a high ratio of profits to investment costs.9. This question asks you to identify which one of the five answer choices is NOT mentioned in the passage as a benefit associated with backward integration. The best answer is B. The passage does not indicate how backward integration affects the profit margins on sales of components by independent suppliers. Choices A, C, and E are mentioned in the passage as a benefit of backward integration. Choice D is incorrect because the passage indicates that backward integration is a way of having a reliable source of necessary components. 10. This question asks you to identify information presented in the passage about independent suppliers of product components. Choice A is the best answer. The passage asserts that independent supplies making the same components as assemblers may not share technological innovations with assemblers. Choices B, C, D, and E can be eliminated because there is no indication in the passage as assemblers experience improved profit margins, lower their prices, suffer financial difficulties, or stop developing new versions of the component. 11. This question asks you to choose the statement that best describes the function of the last paragraph of the passage. The best answer is B. At the end of the third paragraph, the author indicates that assemblers benefit from contracting with, rather than owning, independent suppliers. In the last paragraph, however, the author indicates that contracting with independent suppliers can itself present problems. Thus the last paragraph qualifies the viewpoint presented at the end of the third paragraph. Choice A is not the correct answer because the passage makes several points about backward integration, but does not present a central argument about this topic. Choice C is not the correct answer because the final paragraph qualifies rather than supports an argument made in the third paragraph about contracting with independent suppliers. Choices D and E areincorrect because the final paragraph does not identify questions or present a specific example. 12. This question asks you to identify information presented in the passage about the relationship between profits and investments for producers of technologically advanced components. The best answer is D. The passage indicates that the high investments required to develop technologically advanced components. Choice A is incorrect because the passage indicates that large, not modest, investments in research and development are required. Choices B and C are incorrect because the passage indicates that profit margins for producers of technologically advanced components are low, not high as these answer choice assert. Choice E is incorrect: although the author claims that long-term contracts with suppliers are beneficial to assemblers, the passage does not indicate that long-term contracts with purchasers lead to high profits for producers of technologically advanced components.READIN GTEST 4 PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages. Persistent bullying is one of the worst experiences a child can face. How can it be prevented? Peter Smith, Professor of Psychology at the University of Sheffield, directed the Sheffield Anti-Bullying Intervention Project, funded by the Department for Education. Here he reports on his findings. A Bullying can take a variety of forms, from the verbal - being taunted or called hurtful names - to the physical - being kicked or shoved - as well as indirect forms, such as being excluded from social groups. A survey I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases was persistent. There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying, but these cases may be particularly recalcitrant. B Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare. Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties withinterpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences. C Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. ‘There is no bullying at this school' has been a common refrain, almost certainly untrue. Fortunately more schools are now saying: ‘There is not much bullying here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it.' D Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain. For example, the Scottish Council for Research in Education produced a package of materials, Action Against Bullying, circulated to all schools in England and Wales as well as in Scotland in summer 1992, with a second pack, Supporting Schools Against Bullying, produced the following year. In Ireland, Guidelines on Countering Bullying Behaviour in Post-Primary Schools was published in 1993. Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something. This comes from carefully conducted ‘before and after' evaluations of interventions in schools, monitored by a research team. In Norway, after an intervention campaign was introduced nationally, an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that, over a two-year period, bullying was halved. The Sheffield investigation, which involved sixteen primary schools and seven secondary schools, found that most schools succeeded in reducing bullying. E Evidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on bullying, saying clearly what is meant by bullying, and giving explicit guidelines on what will be done if it occurs, what records will be kept, who will be informed, what sanctions will be employed. The policy should be developed through consultation, over a period of time - not just imposed from the head teacher's office! Pupils, parents and staff should feel they have been involved in the policy, which needs to be disseminated and implemented effectively. Other actions can be taken to back up the policy. There are ways of dealing with the topic through the curriculum, using video, drama and literature. These are useful for raising awareness, and can best be tied in to early phases of development, while the school is starting to discuss the issue of bullying. They are also useful in renewing the policy for new pupils, or revising it in the light of experience. But curriculum work alone may only have short-term effects; it should be an addition to policy work, not a substitute. There are also ways of working with individual pupils, or in small groups. Assertiveness training for pupils who are liable to be victims is worthwhile, and certain approaches to group bullying such as ‘no blame', can be useful in changing the behaviour of bullying pupils without confronting them directly, although other sanctions may be needed for those who continue with persistent bullying.Work in the playground is important, too. One helpful step is to train lunchtime supervisors to distinguish bullying from playful fighting, and help them break up conflicts. Another possibility is to improve the playground environment, so that pupils are less likely to be led into bullying from boredom or frustration. F With these developments, schools can expect that at least the most serious kinds of bullying can largely be prevented. The more effort put in and the wider the whole school involvement, the more substantial the results are likely to be. The reduction in bullying - and the consequent improvement in pupil happiness - is surely a worthwhile objective. Questions 27-30 Reading Passage 3 has six sections, A-F. Choose the correct heading for sections A-D from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet. List of Headings i The role of video violence ii The failure of government policy iii Reasons for the increased rate of bullying iv Research into how common bullying is in British schools v The reaction from schools to enquiries about bullying vi The effect of bullying on the children involved vii Developments that have led to a new approach by schools 27 Section A 28 Section B 29 Section C 30 Section DQuestions 31-34 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 31-34 on your answer sheet. 31 A recent survey found that in British secondary schools A there was more bullying than had previously been the case. B there was less bullying than in primary schools.C cases of persistent bullying were very common.D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.32 Children who are bulliedA are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average person.B find it more difficult to relate to adults.C are less likely to be violent in later life.D may have difficulty forming relationships in later life.33 The writer thinks that the declaration ‘Th ere is no bullying at this school'A is no longer true in many schools.B was not in fact made by many schools.C reflected the school's lack of concern.D reflected a lack of knowledge and resources.34 What were the findings of research carried out in Norway?A Bullying declined by 50% after an anti-bullying campaign.B Twenty-one schools reduced bullying as a result of an anti-bullying campaign.C Two years is the optimum length for an anti-bullying campaign.D Bullying is a less serious problem in Norway than in the UK.Questions 35-39Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet.What steps should schools take to reduce bullying?The most important step is for the school authorities to produce a 35..... which makes the school's attitude towards bullying quite clear. It should include detailed 36.....as to how the school and its staff will react if bullying occurs.In addition, action can be taken through the 37.....This is particularly useful in the early part of the process, as a way of raising awareness and encouraging discussion. On its own, however, it is insufficient to bring about a permanent solution.Effective work can also be done with individual pupils and small groups. For example, potential 38.....of bullying can be trained to be more self-confident. Or again, in dealing with group bullying, a ‘no blame' approach, which avoids confronting the offender too directly, is often effective.Playground supervision will be more effective if members of staff are trained to recognise the difference between bullying and mere 39...... .Question 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.Which of the following is the most suitable title for Reading Passage 3?A Bullying: what parents can doB Bullying: are the media to blame?C Bullying: the link with academic failureD Bullying: from crisis management to preventionAnswers27 iv28 vi29 v30 vii31 B32 D33 D34 A35 policy36 (explicit) guidelines37 (school) curriculum38 victims 39 playful fighting40 D。
2011年重庆高考英语试题及答案
绝密★启用前2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷）英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷1页至10页，第Ⅱ卷10页。
考试结束后，须将答案答在答题卡上，在本试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分（共115分）一、听力（共三节，满分30分）做题时，请先将答案划在试题卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟时间将试题卷上的答案转涂或转填到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例： How much is the sweater?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.15. C. ￡9.18.答案是B。
1. How many classes does the rich woman have?A. TwoB. ThreeC. Five2. What color is the poor woman’s chicken?A. RedB. BlueC. Green3. What is the probable friendship between the two speakers?A. Husband and wifeB. Boss and secretaryC. Waiter and customer4. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Whether to call JoanB. Whether to go to the meetingC. Whether to see Joan at lunch5. What does the man mean?A. Paul will be lateB. Paul will be ontime C. Paul will not come第二节(共13小题；每小题1.5分，满分19.5分)听下面4段对话。
《2011年高考真题解析版—英语(重庆卷)解析版》
绝密★启用前2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷）注意事项：1.答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
2.答选择题时，必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案的标号。
3.答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。
4.所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。
5.考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、听力（共两节，满分35分）做题时，请先将答案划在试题卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试题卷上的答案转涂或转填到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）请听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？A. ￡19. 15. B ￡9. 15. C. ￡9. 18.答案是B。
1.Who is the woman?A. MaryB. Marry’ssisterC. Mary’s friend2. How much are the potatoes?A. 6 cents a poundB. 16 cents apoundC. 60 cents a pound3. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In a restaurantB. On a farmC. At home4. What does the woman ask the man to do?A. Have his hair cut.B. Go to thelibrary.C. Buy some food.5. What is the conversation mainly about?A. Vacation plan.B. Summer trip.C. Part-time job.第二节（共12小题；每小题1. 5分，满分18分）请听下面4段对话或独白。
最新重庆大学博士研究生入学考试考博英语试题及参考答案
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
学习-----好资料 更多精品文档
2011年高考重庆卷(英语)解析
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷）英语本试卷分150分，考试时间120分钟。
第一部分听力（略）第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单选填空（共15 小题，每小题1分，满分15分）请从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21． That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _________the piano upstairs?A．has played B．playedC．plays D．is playing22． It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A．Whether B．whenC．which D．where23．—Are you going to take part in the speech contest?—_____________It’s too good an opportunity to miss.A．No problem! B．That’s for sure.C．Why me? D．Why bother?24． Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read __________ the library.A．in B．forC．by D．from25．—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?—I wanted to, but my mom simply _________ not let me out so late at night.A．could B．mightC．would D．should26． In communication, a smile is usually ___________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude.A．the； / B．a； anC．a； / D．the； an27．—Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.—What do you think of over there?A．the one B．thisC．it D．that28．I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ?A．could he B．didn’t IC．didn’t you D．could they29． More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced people’s concern over food safety.A．to raise B．raisingC．to have raised D．having raised30． To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off we are to shake hands with.A．whichever B．wheneverC．whoever D．wherever31． Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He to have been praised by the manager just now.A．seemed B．seemsC．had seemed D．is seeming32．—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?—Of course, I have. It was in our village it was made.A．that B．whereC．when D．which33． Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.A．reminding B．to remindC．reminded D．remind34． It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.A．whose B．whatC．which D．that35．—Do you have Mary’s phone number?—Sorry,____________.A．I don't know B．forget itC．here you are D．I can’t remember it第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）请阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
2011年高考英语试题重庆(精校word版)
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（重庆）第一节单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）21. That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _________the piano upstairs?A. has playedB. playedC. playsD. is playing22. It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A. WhetherB. whenC. whichD. where23.—— Are you going to take part in the speech contest?———_____________It’s too good an opportunity to miss.A. No problem!B. That’s for sure.C. Why me?D. Why bother?24. Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read __________ the library.A. inB. forC. byD. from25.——Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?—— I want to ,but my mom simply _________ not let me out so late at night.A. couldB. mightC. wouldD. should26. In communication, a smile is usually ____ strong sign of a friendly and _____open attitude.A. the, /B. a, anC. a, /D. the, an27.——Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.——What do you think of over there?A. the oneB. thisC. itD. that28. I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ?A. could heB. didn’t IC. didn’t youD. cou ld they29. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced people’s concern over food safety. A. to raise B. raising C. to have raised D. having raised30. To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off we are to shake hands with.A. whicheverB. wheneverC. whoeverD. wherever31. Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He to have been praised by the manager just now.A. seemedB. seemsC. had seemedD. is seeming32.—Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?— Of course, I have. It was in our village it was made.A. thatB. whereC. whenD. which33. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.A. remindingB. to remindC. remindedD. remind34. It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.A. whoseB. whatC. whichD. that35. ---Do you have Mary’s phone number?---Sorry, ____________.A. I don't knowB. forget itC. here you areD. I can’t remember itAThere was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care .To water his flowers, he used two buckers. One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one, which had seen many years of service, but was now past its best.Every morning, the gardener would fill up the two buckets. Then he would carry them along the path, one on each side, to the flowerbeds. The new bucket was very proud of itself. It could carry a full bucket of water without a single drop spilled (溢出). The old bucket felt very ashamed because of its holes: before it reached the flowerbeds, much water had leaked along the path.Sometimes the new bucket would say, ― See how capable I am ! How good it is that the gardener has me to water the flowers every day! I don't know why he still bothers with you. What a waste of apace you are!‖And all that the old bucket could say was. ― I know I am not very useful, but I can only do my best .I am happy that the gardener still finds a little bit of use in me, at least .‖One day, the gardener heard that kind of conversation. After watching the flowers as usual, he said,‖ You both have done your work very well. Now I am going to carry you back. I want you to look carefully along the path.‖Then the two buckets did so. All along the path, they noticed, on the side where the new bucket was carried. there was just bare（光秃秃的）earth; on the other side where the old bucket was carried, there was a joyous row of wild flowers, leading all the way to the garden.56. What does the underlined word ―dilapidated‖ probably mean?A. DirtyB. DarkC. Worn-outD. Plain-looking.57. What was the old bucket ashamed of?A. His past.B. His aging.C. His manner.D. His leaking.58. The new bucket made conversations with the old one mainly toA. laugh at the old oneB. take pity on the old oneC. show off its beautiful looksD. praise the gardener’s kindness59. Why was the old bucket still kept by the gardener?A. Because it was used to keep a balanceB. Because it stayed in its best conditionC. Because it was taken as a treasureD. Because it had its own functionBMapping Your WorldDifferent forms of maps are appearing. They allow independent travelers to get local knowledge of places they are visiting, from the official to the unusual. Meanwhile, hi-tech developments are creating new ways for us to map the world. Here are two of our favorites;Green MapsGreen Maps allows people to share with the world their knowledge of environmentally friendly places and attractions in the local areas. Users add information with a set of icons（图标）, making it easy to read any map, whatever the nationalities of those who produce it . At present there are over five hundred m ap projects being developed in 54 countries Green Maps’ a dvertised idea is ―think global, map local‖. It is a wonderful way of gaining all sorts of a place, ranging from community garden to good places of bird watching.Green Maps is not specifically intended for travelers. Not all of its maps are online, so it may be necessary for some users to communicate with producers through the Green Maps website.Maps MashupsMany people use online maps developed by Google, but not many know about the mashups of them. Working in a similar way to Green Maps, Maps Mashups allows people to add icons of their own to existing maps to express a certain topic. The mashups is so called because it combine all the knowledge you could ever need. It ranges from the extremely useful, such as where all theWorld Heritage Site are, to the most bizarre （古怪的），such as where America’s drunkest cities are. With the mashups added to the basic Google Maps, a multi-layered (多层的) map can be created.60. According to the passage, which of the following is a characteristic of Green Maps?A. Aiming at environmental protection.B. Introducing local attractions with icons.C. Offering advice to independent travelers.D. Collecting icons worldwide for local maps.61. Which of the following icons is most probably NOT used in Green Maps?A. B.C. D.62. Map Mashups is named with the word ―mashups‖ becauseA. it is produced by users all over the worldB. it gathers various kinds of informationC. it shares icons with Green MapsD. it is a branch of Google Maps63. What do Green Maps and Map Mashups have in common?A. They are created by local people.B. They are environmentally friendly.C. Users can edit maps on the Internet.D. Users need to communicate with produces.CGetting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.64. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.B. they thought bath houses were to dirty to stayinC. they believed disease could be spread in public bathsD. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease65. Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?A. AfraidB. CuriousC. ApprovingD. Uninterested66. How does the passage mainly develop? A. By providing examples. B. By making comparisons.C. By following the order of time.D. By following the order of importance.67. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To stress the role of dirt.B. To introduce the history of dirt.C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.D. To present the change of views on dirt.DWilliam Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin on June 13,1865. His childhood lacked the harmony (和睦) that was typical of a happy family. Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered ―little of childhood but its pain‖. In fact, he inherited (继承) excellent taste in art from his family ——both his father and his brother were painters. But he finally settled on literature , particularly drama (戏剧) and poetry.Yeats had strong faith in coming of new artistic movements. He set himself the fresh task in founding an Irish national theatre in the late 1890s. His early theatrical experiments, however, were not received favorably at the beginning. He didn’t lose heart, and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama.Compared with his dramatic works, Yeats’s poems attract much admiring notice. The subject matter includes love, nature, history, time and aging. Though Yeats generally relied on very traditional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them. As his literary life progressed, his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide recognition.He had not enjoyed a major public life since winning the Nobel Price in 1923. Yet, he continued writing almost to the end of his life. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would probably now his valued as a manor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces h is greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75. After Yeats’s death in 1939, W.H. Auden wrote, among others, the following lines:Earth, receive an honoured guest:William Yeats is laid to rest.Let the Irish vessel (船) lieEmptied of its poetry68. Which of the following can describe Yeats’s family?A. It filled Y eats’s childhood with laughter.B. It was shocked by Yeats’s choice.C. It was a typically wealthy family.D. It had an artistic atmosphere.69. According to those passage, what do we know about Yeats’s life?A. Yeats founded the first Irish theater.B. Yeats stuck to modern forms in his peotry.C. Yeats began to produce his best works from the 1910s.D. Yeats was not favored by the public until the 1923 Noble Prize.70. What kind of feeling is expressed in W.H. Auden’s lines?A. EnvyB. SympathyC. EmptinessD. Admiration71. What is the passage mainly about? A. Yeats’s literary achievements B. Yeats’s historicalinfluenceC. Yeats’s a rtistic ambitionD. Yeats’s national honorESkeptics are strange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread noting but bad news about the environment. T he ―eco-guilt‖ brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book ,The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the ―real state of the world‖ as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg’s views are similar to those of some Industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities though the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg’s book go largely unchallenged in the med ia though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that ―After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.‖Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg’s ―preference for unexamined materials is incredible（不可信的）‖。
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(重庆卷,解析版)
绝密★启用前2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试〔重庆卷〕英语试题卷本试卷共16页。
总分为150分。
考试用时120分钟。
须知事项：1.答题前，务必将自己的姓名、某某号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
2.答选择题时，必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案的标号。
3.答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。
4.所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。
5.考试完毕后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、听力〔共两节，总分为35分〕做题时，请先将答案划在试题卷上。
录音内容完毕后，你将有两分钟的时间将试题卷上的答案转涂或转填到答题卡上。
第一节〔共5小题；每一小题1. 5分，总分为7. 5分〕请听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最优选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？A. ￡19. 15. B ￡9. 15. C. ￡9. 18.答案是B。
1.Who is the woman?A. MaryB.Marry’s sisterC. Mary’s friend2. How much are the potatoes?A. 6 cents a poundB. 16 cents a poundC. 60 cents a pound3. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In a restaurantB. On a farmC. At home4. What does the woman ask the man to do?A. Have his hair cut.B. Go to the library.C. Buy some food.5. What is the conversation mainly about?A. Vacation plan.B.Summer trip.C. Part-time job.第二节〔共12小题；每一小题1. 5分，总分为18分〕请听下面4段对话或独白。
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(重庆卷,解析版)
绝密★启用前2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷）英语试题卷【总评】2011年英语高考试卷依然延续近年的温和风格，整体难度与以往几年持平，比2010年难度略有提高。
一些重庆特色仍有保留，没有出现太大的难度波动。
题型上，与去年相同，并没有发生任何变化。
听力测试题，考生反映贴近日常生活，内容不复杂, 难度也适中。
单选题非常基础, 所考查的考点为时态、介词、代词、冠词、情态动词、不定式、分词、强调句、主语从句、时间状语从句、宾语从句、强调句、情景交际、反意疑问句。
可以说，把传统语法考点都已经考查到了，但没有出现对词汇辨析和词组搭配的考查。
今年的完形填空还是一篇记叙文，总体而言，不是特别难，但在设空方面出现了考试新增词汇 withdraw，派生词thundery，需要考生有较高的能力。
阅读题文章篇幅不长，阅读量不大，在题型方面，理解题和推理题较往年有所增加，对学生的阅读理解能力要求较高，能有效区分学生层次。
今年短文改错覆盖的考点也较为传统，文章选择是一篇类似学生习作的文章。
今年写作以国际动物关爱协会面向全球中学生招募动物代言人为背景，以提供要点的方式，要求学生选择一种自己喜欢的动物，为之代言。
这类作文学生都能动手写作，但是如果要得高分，以下几个因素缺一不可：好的开头结尾、行文逻辑清晰、高级词汇及句型的使用、漂亮的书写和卷面。
本试卷共16页。
满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：1.答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
2.答选择题时，必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案的标号。
3.答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。
4.所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。
5.考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、听力（共两节，满分35分）做题时，请先将答案划在试题卷上。