《大学英语提高阶段简明教程》练习答案和参考书目[1]

Key to Exercises第1-3章英美社会与文化（1-3）Chapter 1-3 Anglo-American Society and Cultures (1-3)Chapter 11～5:ACBDB 6～10:BDABAChapter21～5:DBDDD 6～10:BADCAChapter 31～5:BDDDA 6～10: ABCAC第4-6章跨文化交际（1-3）Chapter 4-6 Cross-cultural Communication (1-3)Chapter 4I. Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false (F)1.T2.F3. F4. T5. T6. T7. T8.F9.T 10. FII. Questions for DiscussionOpenChapter 5All answers to the questions are open.Chapter 6I．Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1. T2. F3. T4. T5.F6. T7. T8. T9. F 10. FII. Questions for discussion.第7章英语中级听说（1）Chapter 7 English Intermediate Listening and Speaking (1) TapescriptWhy Does It Hurt So Much?The story started on a normal day when I was only six years old. All of us, mom, dad, my brothers and sister, and I were getting ready for the day‟s events, school and work. When we all left, everything seemed fine. The four of us, my older brother and sister and one of my younger brothers, walked to school three blocks away.School was the same as it usually was. I went out for morning recess, then came in and colored with melted crayons and then went to lunch. I didn‟t know that within the next hour, my life was about to change and I was going to be thrown into the most “traumatic years of my life”as one psychologist would later say.I came back into the classroom from recess, sat in my chair, and prepared to learn about addition and subtraction. I was excited because when I got home, I was going to show mommy and daddy what I had learned. I didn‟t know that at that moment, my dad was standing in the school office, asking for my brother and me to be pulled out of school. I would definitely learn the concept of subtraction later.We walked to our silver Toyota van and joined my older brother and sister. When we pulled into the garage, my mom was sanding in the doorway with a neck brace on. I couldn‟t figure out what was going on.My mom had a very angry look on her face, and her nostril were faring. Her eyes scared me the most. They were little slits below her eyebrows. If she had looked my way, she surely would have burnt a hole through my own eyes.I can still remember the scene. My mother stormed out of the doorway to the driver‟s side of our van. My dad told us to go upstairs. We got out of the van, all on the passenger side. My mother didn‟t seem to notice that we were there. As we walked, rather briskly, inside, I heard screaming and arguing. My dad hadn‟t gotten out of the van and he and my mom were arguing their way down the hall into the study. By now, we were upstairs in my brothers‟ room. We all sat there, staring at each other.More arguing, more screaming, more confusion. Then, thump! And a loud wailing. Oh my God! My baby brother, someone had dropped my baby brother.My older brother jumped with the rest of us and ran downstairs and returned within seconds with our wailing 6-month-old brother. We looked him over as best we could and he seemed fine to us, just a little shaken up.The next things we heard were sirens. Now the police were here. Tears were starting to come to my eyes; everyone knew that something bad must have or was going to happen when the police came.A while later, my dad came up to talk to us. He said that mommy had to leave. They were getting a divorce.From then on, life was a blurry dream of endless custody and court battles, supervised and unsupervised visitations, confusion and hatred.A ping-pong game is probably the best way to describe the first couple of years. My mom and dad were the paddles and the five kids were the ball. At first, my dad had us, then my mom, then my dad, then my mom.After the final custody case was fought, we ended up with my father. It was a major victory for him because not only did he get custody of his own children, my two younger brothers and I, but he also got custody of my older brother and sister who were my half brother and sister and his stepchildren. It‟s almost unheard of to her custody of stepchildren. If he hadn‟t been awarded custody of them, he probably would have lost custody of all of us because the courts won‟t split children up.My mother knew that I was daddy‟s girl, and she figured that hurting me would hurt him, so in turn, I was hurt a lot. She‟d slap me and call me big mouth and she just never was good to me. I actually grew up thinking that being slapped across the face was normal, and that my parents constantly fighting were normal. I didn‟t understand that what I was going through was very unique. So many things happened, so many stories to tell, I could go on forever. But I won‟t.Part IIC. Listen to the following statements twice and supply the missing information.1. According to statistics from the Ministry of Civil Affairs of China, the divorce rate in 1997was 2.3 times that of 1985. In 1998, the divorce rate soared to 13 percent of the total number of marriages of the year.2. Each year, over one million American children become the victims of their parents‟ divorce.Moreover, half of the children will see their parents divorce before they turn 18.3. Some people attribute divorce to the erosion of social morality that has come with the rise ofmaterialism.4. Divorce is the wise choice for a failed marriage, and it costs less than anything in anunsatisfying marriage.5. “Problem teenagers” may be the result not of a divorce but of the thunderous atmosphere of amarriage.6. Individual happiness is important. Unnecessary sacrifice is not worthwhile. Allowing womento break free from unhappy marriage is a sign of social progress.7. Divorce represents social progress, for the divorce rate is often higher in developed countriesthan in developing countries.8. Remarriage of ten divorces tend to be unstable, break up more often, and end more quicklythan do first-time marriages. Remarriages are 50% more likely to end in divorce in the first five years compared to first marriages.9. Married people are less likely to engage in unhealthy behavior such as drug and alcoholabuse.10. Divorce is said to be the lawful solution to a bad marriage, though it is not a solution I favor.11. We should not discriminate against divorced people, because divorce allows both persons toseek happiness in a second marriage.12. Divorce is frequently necessary in case of adultery, alcoholism, desertion, drug addiction,and mental and physical cruelty.13. Children are the victims of divorce and are better off living with one parent than with both inan unhappy environment.14. It‟s an undeniable fact that divorce not only breaks up a family, but may contribute to socialinstability.15. Marriage means responsibility; both husband and wife should bear this in mind for the sakeof the children.16. Currently 60-70 percent of divorce cases are initiated by women as they acquire moreeducation, responsibility and opportunity.17. Children of divorced parents often perform poorly in reading, spelling, and math. Also theyare more likely to repeat a grade and to have higher drop-out rates and lower rates of college graduation.18. Children whose parents have divorced are involved more frequently in crime and drug abuse,and have higher rates of suicide.19. Religious worship, which has been linked to better health, longer marriages, and betterfamily life, drops after the parents divorce.20. Almost 50 percent of the parents that are going through a divorce move into poverty after thedivorce.Part II Why Does It Hurt So MuchA. You are going to hear a passage entitled “Why Does It Hurt So Much”. Listen to it carefully and complete the answers in the questions you have heard.1. The story started on a normal day when I was ___________.a. five years oldb. six years oldc. seven years oldd. eight years old2. The narrator‟s life was about to change and she was going to be thrown into the most ___________.a. happy years of her lifeb. traumatic years of lifec. exciting years of lifed. miserable years of life3. What did the narrator‟s life look like before her parents divorced?a. Everything was normal for her and she enjoyed her classes at school.b. She did not like her family and the school.c. She often played truant because she didn‟t like to learn addition and subtraction.d. She had to walk a long distance from home to school.4. What impression did the narrator have of her mother that day?a. Her mother was miserably hurt.b. Her mother behaved like a devil.c. Though her mother was not calm, she still loved her kinds.d. Her mother was wailing miserably.5. What happened to the narrator‟s baby brother that day?a. Probably he was dropped from upstairs.b. The mother probably dropped him from her hands.c. He was seriously injured as the parents were fighting.d. The father gave him a good beating.6. What was said about the custody case?a. The father and mother were granted joint custody of the children.b. Neither parent wanted custody of the five children.c. It was like a ping-pang game and there was no winner.d. It was lucky for the narrator that her father finally won the case.7. What can be inferred about the relationship between the narrator and her mother?a. She was often slapped across the face by her mother.b. There were hard feelings between the narrator and her mother.c. The narrator‟s mother was her stepmother.d. The narrator would never forgive her mother.B. Listen to the recording once more and focus on the main idea and major points in it and then complete the outline below with the missing information.I. All of my family members were getting ready for the day‟s events, school and work. So I didn‟t know that within the next hour, my life was about to change and I was going to be thrown into the most “ traumatic years of my life.”II.A. My dad came to the school office, he asked for my brother and me to be pulled out of school.B. When we pulled into the garage, my mom had a very angry look on her face. My dad hadn‟t gotten out of the van and he and my mom were arguing their way down the hall into the study.C. My dad said that mommy had to leave. They were getting a divorce. From then on, life was a blurry dream of endless custody and court battles, supervised and unsupervised visitations, confusion and hatred.III.A. My mom figured that hurting me would hurt my dad, so in turn, I was hurt a lot.B. I grew up thinking that being slapped across the face was normal, and that my parents constantly fighting were normal. I didn‟t understand that what I was going through was very unique.Part IV Additional Listening1. B2. C3. A4. DTapescriptChina Taking US Trade Dispute to WTOChina says it plans to discuss its trade disputes with the United States through the World Trade Organization. But Chinese officials call a U.S. move to impose tariffs protectionist, and warn that it could harm trade relations.China is trying to allay fears of a trade war with the United States, saying it will press a World Trade Organization case against new U.S. duties on Chinese tires.The Obama administration says it could impose steep tariffs on tires from China.Commerce Ministry spokesman Yao Jian Tuesday said China will take up the issue with the WTO.Yao says China thinks America, in his words, "abused safeguard measures" and "sent a wrong signal to the world amid the financial crisis."The White House says President Obama acted under a provision in the U.S.-China agreement on Beijing's WTO membership that lets Washington slow the rise of Chinese imports to give American industry time to adjust.At a separate briefing, Chinese Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei had stronger language.He calls the U.S. action a "clear case of trade protectionism," and warned that it will damage both Chinese and American interests. He says China expects leaders at the upcoming G20 summit in Pittsburgh to reaffirm their commitment to avoid imposing new protectionist measures.Tire wholesalers have said U.S. tariffs on Chinese tires will cause price increases at repair shops and tire retailers.He says the duties will lead to a harmful and increased burden on U.S. consumers.The United States imported about 46 million tires from China last year, three times as many as in 2004.Beijing's WTO complaint triggered a 60-day process in which the two sides will try to resolve the dispute through negotiations. If that fails, China can ask for a WTO panel to investigate and rule on the case.第8章英语中级听说（2）Chapter 8 English Intermediate Listening and Speaking (2) TapescriptAnimal Abuse and CrimeThe concept of animal rights can be interpreted in widely different ways and people‟s attitudes differ greatly. On the one hand, some people may exercise the right to kill animals for the purpose of consumption or sport. Some people, on the other hand, will deprive themselves of the right to kill even the smallest animal by mistake.Where do you stand on this issue? Consider the following three cases.Vickie Kittles was convinced on 42 counts of animal neglect in Oregon in February 1995 after five weeks of trial. Kittles had a police record of illegally selling pets and had been charged with animal neglect before. She had avoided imprisonment by paying fines. But this time she had to complete her 7-month sentence in jail.In 1999, a police officer named John Hurlman in Marine shot and killed a friendly family dog while he was jogging through a quiet well-kept neighborhood with a gun. He shot the dog in full view of its owner and a neighbor. Hurlman was charged with first and second degree animal abuse and second degree criminal mischief. Hurlman was indicted by a grand jury on several charges, including unlawful use of a firemarm and cruelty to animals. Charges were eventually dropped in exchange for Hurlman paying $10,000 to the dog owner for his loss. He also had to write an apology and do 32 hours of community service.In the summer of 2002,q 24-year-old man was arrested in Missouri for allegedly burning a kitten on a barbecue grill as several other people stood around and watched in amusement. The kitten died and the man was charged with animal abuse, punished by up to five years in prison and a $5,000 fine. He was held $10,000 bail.Do you think these punishments are appropriate, too extreme or too lenient? Should a cruel act against a pet animal land a person in jail?Actually, animal abuse is not just the result of a minor personality flaw in the abuser, but a symptom of a deep mental disturbance. Research in psychology shows that people who commit acts of cruelty against animals don‟t stop there; many of them move on to their fellow humans. In 1987, three Missouri high school students were charged with beating to death a classmate. They had histories of repeated acts of animal mutilation starting several years earlier. One confessed that he had killed so many cats he‟d lost count. Two brothers who murdered their parents had previously told classmates that they had cut off a cat‟s head.A survey of psychiatric patients who had repeatedly tortured dogs and cats found that all of them had high levels of aggression toward people as well, including one patient who had murdered a boy.Part IC. Listen to the following statements twice and supply the missing information.1. No one knows exactly how many species of animals there are. So far, scientists haveclassified and named more than 1.5 million kinds of animals. Over half of these are different types of insects.2. Many new species are discovered each year. Scientists believe there may be from 2 million toas many as 50 million kinds of animals alive today. Many other kinds of animals used to live on the earth but have died out, like dinosaurs for example.3. Domestic animals usually breed quickly. One female cat and her offspring can produce420,000 cats in 7 years.4. Holland with its population of 16 million has over 3.5 million cats and dogs. Every year about70,000 of them end up in animal shelters.5. In the U.S. an estimated 4 to 6 million cats and dogs are killed in animal shelters each year.Millions more are abandoned, only to suffer from illness or injury before dying.6. A study recently conducted by the Association of American Medical Colleges has revealedthat use of live dogs by the 125 medical schools in the United States has decreased dramatically during the last two decades.7. It is reported that in 1985, 73 percent of the schools reported using live dogs as teaching aids.In 1994, 62 percent of the schools did. In 2001, only 32 percent of them did.8. Failure to provide adequate food, water and shelter constitutes neglect. The use of physicalforce sufficient to cause injury to an animal constitutes abuse. Abuse and neglect to animals constitutes cruelty, which is against the law in most states in the U.S.9. Animal abuse is an indication of child abuse. In fact it has been found that animals are abusedin 88% of the families where children are abused.10. Because animals can‟t speak for themselves, we should support those who work for theenforcement of animal rights and join those who can speak for animals.11. The Animal Abuse Prevention Agency is a non-profit organization which takes a pro-activeapproach in preventing cruelty to animals.12. Working for animal rights is meant to benefit all species, both wild and domesticated.13. A keen sense of smell enables dogs and wolves to find food, follow trails, and recognizedanger.14. We think animals that are bred for food are just as capable of suffering as their wildcounterparts and it is their suffering that is at issue.15. People who buy meat are solely responsible for the deaths of over 700 million animals everyyear. The killing is done at their request and financed with their money. Their guilt is inescapable.16. Some people argue that our intelligence makes us more important and valuable than animals.But that view would imply that some mentally handicapped people would be less important than many animals.17. Most scientists believe that all plant and animal species probably developed from a singleform of life that arose about 30 billion years ago.18. The basic life form gradually changed so that through millions of years, new kinds ofanimals have come into being. Some kinds are still alive. Others are extinct. All animals, whether living or extinct, are related to one another.19. Some scientists believe that we are living in a period of mass extinction. In the United Statesalone, about 40 species of birds, 35 species of animals, and 25 other species of animals have become extinct during the last 200 years.20. Many of these species became extinct as a result of human activities. Hundreds of otherspecies in the United States have become endangered.21. Today, however, more and more people are working to preserve the diversity of animal lifefor future graduations.Part II Animal Abuse and CrimeA. You are going to hear a passage entitled “Animal Abuse and Crime”. Listen to it carefully and complete the answers in the questions you have heard.1. Why can the concept of animal rights be interpreted in widely different ways?a. Because people don‟t agree with one another.b. Because there‟s no law in the world to define animal rights.c. Because animals are different and people’s attitudes are different.d. Because it‟s almost impossible to define animal rights.2. Why do some people exercise the right to kill animals?a. Because they think they have the right to eat or provide animal meat.b. Because these people are cruel in nature.c. Because they are not well-educated.d. Because they think human rights outweigh animal rights.3. A 24-year old man was charged with animal abuse, punishable by up to ___________.a. 3 years in prison and a $3,000 fine.b. 4 years in prison and a $4,000 fine.c. 5 years in prison and a $5,000 fine.d. 6 years in prison and a $6,000 fine.4. What does research in psychology and criminology show?a. Killing animals is in the interest of most people.b. Animal abuse is the result of a minor personality flaw in the abuser.c. Most animal abusers have mental problems.d. Abusing animals is a symptom of a deep mental disturbance.5. What does the speaker imply concerning the teenagers‟ crimes?a. These crimes were too cruel to be true.b. There is a close connection between animal abuse and human abuse.c. The teenagers‟ crimes could have been prevented if we had taken suitable measures.d. Some teenagers tend to imitate violent acts they have learned from TV.6. What can be inferred about the speaker‟s attitude toward animal abuse?a. Animal abuse is a serious matter and is closely linked with human abuse.b. Animals should have the same rights as humans do.c. There should be harsh laws to punish those who abuse animals or neglect their pets.d. People should respect animal rights the same way as we respect human rights.B. Listen to the recording once more and focus on the main idea and major points in it and then complete the outline below with the missing information.I. The concepts of animal rightA. Exercising the right to kill animals for the purpose of consumption or sport.B. Depriving themselves of the right to kill even the smallest animal by mistake.II. Three casesA. Vickie Kittles was convicted on 42 counts of animal nglect in Oregon in February 1995. Shehad to complete her 7-month sentence in jail.B. A police officer named John Hurlman shot and killed a friendly family dog. Charges were eventually dropped in exchange for Hurlman paying $10,000 to the dog owner for his loss. He also had to write an apology and do 32 hours of community service.C. A 24-year-old man was arrested for allegedly burning a kitten on a barbecue grill. He was charged with animal abuse, punishable by up to 5 years in prison and a $5,000 fine. He was held on 10,000 bail.III. ConclusionAnimal abuse is not just the result of minor personality flaw in the abuser, but a symptom of a deep mental disturbance.Part IV Additional Listening1. B2. D3. D4. CTapescriptAustralian Frogs Change Their Tune to Find LoveAustralia's frogs are having trouble finding love. Traffic noise and other sounds of city life, such as air conditioners and construction noise, are drowning out the mating calls of male frogs in urban areas, leading to a sharp drop in frog populations. But, in the first study of its kind, a scientist at the University of Melbochangurne has found that some frogs have figured out a way to compensate for human interference in their love lives.A male southern brown tree frog sends out a mating call when he's looking for a date. It is music to the ears of a female southern brown tree frog.But, add the sounds of nearby traffic and Dr. Kirsten Parris of the University of Melbourne says the message just is not getting out."The distance over which the male frog can be heard, is cut really dramatically by traffic noise from hundreds of meters, in some instances, down to maybe only 20 or 50 meters," Parris said. "We're quite concerned that there are frogs out there that aren't getting together because the noise we're making is getting in the way."Parris spent seven years studying frogs around Melbourne. She says some frogs have come up with an interesting strategy for making themselves heard."We found that it's changing the pitch of its call, so going higher up, up the frequency spectrum, being higher and squeakier, further away from the traffic noise and this increases the distance over which it can be for heard," Parris said.The old call is lower in pitch.The new one is higher in pitch.Now, that may sound like a pretty simple solution. But, changing their calls to cope with a noisy environment is actually quite extraordinary for frogs. And while the males have figured out how to make themselves heard above the noise, Parris says it may not be what the females are looking for."When females have a choice between two males calling, they tend to select the one that calls at a lower frequency because, in frogs, the frequency of a call is related to body size. So, the bigger frogs tend to call lower," she explained. "And so they also tend to be the older frogs, the guys perhaps with more experience, they know what they're doing and the women are attracted to those."In other words, the guys with high voices typically do not get the girls."That's right," Parris said. "And if it's very noisy they can only hear a few of the males that are all calling in a group, so...the one's they can choose from is actually, the number is, is reduced. It's like if you're in a noisy cocktail bar, for example, and there are men everywhere, you can only see and hear the three that are closest to you."Frog populations in Melbourne have dropped considerably since Parris began her research, but it is not just because of noise. Much of Australia has been locked in a 10-year drought, leaving frogs fewer and fewer ponds to go looking for that special someone.第9章英语中级听说（3）Chapter 9 English Intermediate Listening and Speaking (3) TapescriptA Letter from SunderlandAs I exited from the Sunderland train station, fear began to set in. I had just finished a six-hour plane journey followed by more than four hours on a train, and now I was supposed to find my way to my residence hall with a heavy suitcase. I was alone in a strange country and getting a little scared.At the moment, a cab miraculously appeared before my eyes. The driver swiftly put my luggage in the trunk and asked where I was going. I somehow managed to mumble the address I had been given and we were quickly on our way. I think he asked me where I was from, but his accent was thick and hard to understand. I could have told him that my name was “The United States”.Soon my uneasiness subsided and I realized where I was, England. Before now, it had seemed a distant dream. Back in the US, the University of Marine had offered me a scholarship and I had made the decision to spend a semester in the United Kingdom last year and the University of Sunderland was my school of choice.Not only did they have a journalism program, but they would accept my scholarship, making it affordable for me to go. Although I was psyched to leave, I hadn‟t prepared myself mentally for it when I actually got here.England is a great place. So far everyone has been really friendly and helpful, and there are so many things to do and see here. Although some things are similar to the United States, there are some interesting cultural differences.Little things that the locals take for granted seem so strange and foreign to me. It was a few days before I got used to looking right before crossing the street or saying football instead of soccer. Prompts for me to “get in the queue” were met with a blank stare before I realized I was being told to get in line. As fate would have it, I was put into a residence hall with mostly other Americans. There were also some students in the hall from Canada, Denmark and England. We bonded quickly and soon held a party together.The first week here was a whirlwind of trying to complete necessary administrative details like registering with the university, getting a library card and finding the nearest pub. Good news, there‟s one right around the corner!Classes start on Monday, and I‟m ready for them to begin. My only apprehension is that the。