铁道科技词汇
铁路词汇
axle轴ballast (for trackbed)碎石box箱brake闸branch line支线bridge桥coal煤curve曲线cutting luqian 路堑depot/loco shed机务段device/mechanism装置/ 机构diesel (fuel)柴油diesel locomotive内燃机车diesel electric locomotive电传动内燃机车diesel hydraulic locomotive液力传动内燃机车dining car餐车double (multiple) track复线electric locomotive电力机车electricity电electrification电气化embankment路堤express (train)高速，快速，特快，快(车) fire火fishplate鱼尾板frame架gauge (metering device) 表goods/freight train货车goods van/boxcar棚车guards van/caboose守车heat/hot热level crossing 道口locomotive火车头machine机main line干线marshalling yard编组场mixed train客货混合列车narrow gauge railway窄轨铁路/ 小火车oil油open wagon/truck敞车ordinary/stopping (passenger) train普通车overhead wires/catenary (架空式)接触网passenger旅客passenger train客车pipe管plate/board板points/switch道岔rail 钢轨railway/railroad铁道/铁路safety安全seat座位seat (hard)硬座seat (soft)软座signal信号(机)colour light signal色灯信号机semaphore signal臂板信号机single track单线sleeper/cross tie轨枕sleeping berth卧铺hard sleeper硬卧soft sleeper软卧smoke烟(railway) station(火车)站steam蒸汽steam locomotive蒸汽机车(头) suburban train市郊列车tanker / tank car罐车through train直通车ticket车票timetable时刻表(railway) track 轨道train火车/列车tunnel隧道turntable转盘valve阀vehicle 车water水wheel轮whistle (trackside instruction) 鸣Steam locomotive partsair horn风喇叭ashpan灰箱axlebox轴箱bogie转向架boiler锅炉brake shoe闸瓦cab司机室chimney 烟筒connecting rod 摇杆coupling车钩coupling rod 连杆cylinder汽缸driver司机driving/coupled wheel动轮feed water heater给水预热装置firebox火箱firehole炉门fireman司炉frames/bed车架generator/dynamo发电机grate炉床handrail扶手injector给水装置leading wheels导轮lubricator加油器mechanical stoker加煤机pressure gauge汽压表regulator/throttle调整阀reverser回动机构safety valve安全阀smoke deflectors挡烟板smokebox烟箱spring弹簧superheater过热装置tender煤水车trailing wheels从轮water gauge水表(hot) water pump(热)水泵whistle 汽笛。
铁路专业英文词汇
铁路专业词汇一、铁路；铁道railway raｉlｒoａd ﻫ铁路线ｒailway line; ｒaiｌroad liｎｅﻫ铁路网 railway netｗｏｒk; ｒａｉlroaｄ neｔｗorｋ铁道科学ｒaｉｌｗaｙｓcience铁路技术 railｗaｙ tｅchnology铁路等级rａｉlway clａssifiｃaｔiｏn ﻫ国有铁路 nａｔioｎal ｒaiｌway； staｔe rａilway ﻫ地方铁路 locaｌ railwaｙ; regionａｌrail ｗaｙ私有铁路 privaｔe raiｌwａy合资铁路ｊoint inｖesｔｍｅnt raiｌwaｙ; joinｔlｙｏwnｅd raiｌwａy ﻫ标准轨铁路 sｔanｄａｒd-ｇage rａｉｌway ﻫ窄轨铁路 naｒro ｗ-gａgｅ raｉlway米轨铁路meter-ｇage railwａｙ宽轨铁路 broad-gａｇe railway单线铁路 siｎgle ｔracｋ railwaｙﻫ双线铁路 double ｔrａck rａｉlway ﻫ多线铁路 muｌtiple track railｗａy ﻫ重载铁路 heａvｙ ha ｕl railway高速铁路 hiｇh speed raｉlｗay电气化铁路；电力铁路 electｒifｉed ｒailway; elecｔrｉc railｗay干线铁路 mａin liｎｅ railway； trunｋｒａiｌway市郊铁路 sｕｂuｒban raｉlwａｙ地下铁道;地铁ｓuｂwａy；ｍeｔｒo; uｎderground raｉlwaｙ工业企业铁路 inｄustrｙ railwａｙﻫ矿山铁路mｉｎe railwａy ﻫ轻轨铁路 liｇhｔrａilwa ｙ； lighｔ rａｉl高架铁路 eｌevａteｄ railｗay ﻫ单轨铁路;独轨铁路 moｎｏrａil；monoｒail raｉlｗay 磁浮铁路ｍagneｔic lｅｖiｔaｔiｏn rａilway; mａglev森林铁路foｒeｓｔ raｉlwaｙ山区铁路 mouｎtａin railwaｙ既有铁路exｉｓtｉｎｇｒaiｌｗaｙ新建铁路ｎewly－bｕｉlt ｒaｉlｗaｙ改建铁路 reｃｏnｓtruｃｔｅｄrailwaｙﻫ运营铁路ｒaiｌｗay in opｅratiｏn; ｏpeｒａｔion； oｐeｒating raiｌway专用铁路 spｅｃial pｕrｐｏse rａilway干线 trunk lｉne； maｉn lｉne ﻫ支线 bｒaｎｃh linｅﻫ铁路专用线 railwａy spｅｃiａl li ｎｅ货运专线raｉlｗay liｎe ｆｏr freiｇht ｔrａffiｃ; fｒeｉｇht speｃiaｌ line; ｆｒeight trａffｉｃ only lｉne客运专线raiｌway line for paｓsenger ｔraｆｆｉｃ；ｐassenｇer speｃｉal line; passenger traffic onｌy lｉne ﻫ客货运混合铁路ｒailwａｙ line for miｘed pａsｓｅnger and ｆreｉｇｈt ｔｒaｆfｉc铁路运营长度;运营里程ｏｐeration lenｇth o ｆ raiｌway; oｐeｒating disｔaｎce；ｒev ｅｎｕｅ lengｔh列车运行图ｔｒain diａgraｍ铁路建筑长度ｃonsｔｒuｃtioｎ lenｇｔh of railｗay ﻫ区间 sｅｃtｉon区段diｓtｒict ﻫ轨距 rａil gage; rail ｇauge ﻫ轮重 wheel load轴重axlｅload ﻫ最大轴重maximuｍａllowable ａｘｌe load ﻫ限制轴重ａxle load limited ﻫ限界 cleａｒance; ｇauge限界图 clｅarance diａgram铁路建筑限界raｉlway cｏnｓｔrｕctｉon ｃlearanｃe; stｒｕｃtuｒe cｌearａnｃe ｆo ｒｒailｗaｙ; rａiｌwａｙ struｃtiｏｎgauｇeﻫ基本建筑限界 fuｎdａｍentaｌ coｎsｔｒuｃtiｏｎcｌearaｎｃe; fundamentａl struｃture gaｕge ﻫ桥梁建筑限界 brｉdｇｅconstｒuctioｎｃlｅａrance; ｂrｉdge s ｔｒuctｕｒe gaugｅﻫ隧道建筑界限 tuｎｎel conｓtructｉon clearａnce; tuｎｎel sｔｒｕcture gauge铁路机车车辆限界 rolling stocｋclearａnce for railwａy; vehiｃle gaｕgｅﻫ机车车辆上部限界ｃlearance lｉmiｔｆｏr ｕｐｐer paｒt ｏf ｒolling stock ﻫ机车车辆下部限界 cｌeaｒａnce liｍｉｔ fｏr lowｅr pａｒｔ of rolｌing ｓtoｃｋ装载限界ｌoaｄｉng clearancｅｌimit; loa ｄing gaｕge ﻫ阔大货物限界clearance liｍｉt for ｆrｅight wｉｔｈ exceｐｔional dim ｅnｓion；ｃｌｅａｒance lｉmit for overs ｉze modiｔies接触网限界 cleaｒance limit for oveｒheａd ｃｏntｒact wire; cleａrancｅ limit ｆor ovｅｒhｅad caｔeｎary ｓysｔｅm； overｈead ｃatｅnarｙｓystem gaｕｇe列车与线路相互作用ｔrａｃk-ｔrain iｎteractiｏn ﻫ轮轨关系wheｅｌ－rａiｌ rｅla ｔｉon; wｈeeｌ-rａil ｉnｔｅractiｏn粘着系数ａｄhesｉon coeffiｃieｎt车轮滑行 wheｅl sliｄing; wheel skid车轮空转 wｈeel slipｐing牵引种类ｋｉnｄs of trａcｔｉｏn；ｃａteg ｏry ｏf tractioｎ牵引方式 mode of traｃtion牵引定数tｏnnage rａting; ｔｏnｎage of ｔraｃtion ﻫ装载系数 lｏading coeffiｃient ﻫ速度 sｐeｅｄ持续速度 continuouｓ speｅｄ限制速度 lｉmiteｄ speed；ｓpeed restric ｔｉoｎﻫ均衡速度balancｉng speeｄ构造速度conｓtruction sｐeed; dｅsign ｓpeｅd ﻫ最高速度 mａxiｍum ｓpeed临界速度 cｒiｔｉcａｌｓpeed ﻫ重载列车ｈｅavy haul tｒain高速列车 higｈ sｐｅeｄ trａiｎﻫ超长超重列车 eｘcepｔiｏｎaｌly ｌong aｎｄ hｅavy ｔｒain列车正面冲突ｔrａiｎ coｌliｓion列车尾追ｔraｉｎｔaｉｌcｏｌlｉsｉｏn ﻫ列车尾部防护 tｒaｉｎ rear ｅnd protｅｃtion ﻫ伸缩运动ｆoｒｅａｎd ａft motion ﻫ蛇行运动ｈuｎtiｎｇ; nosinｇ列车压缩 trａin ｒunninｇ iｎﻫ列车拉伸 tr ａin rｕnning ouｔﻫ列车分离tｒaiｎseparａtioｎﻫ列车颠覆ｔｒaｉn ovｅrturni ｎg ﻫ列车动力学 trａｉｎ dynamｉcｓﻫ列车空气动力学tｒain aｅrodynａmics机车车辆振动 vｉｂration of ｒolling stoｃk ﻫ纵向振动 lｏnｇituｄinａｌ vibration ﻫ横向振动 lateral ｖiｂrａtｉｏn ﻫ垂向振动ｖertiｃａl vibration ﻫ摆滚振动 rｏck－roll vｉｂration浮沉振动 bouncing; ｖibratioｎ测滚振动 rolｌing ; vibｒation测摆振动ｓwayｉnｇ; vibrａtioｎ点头振动 pｉtching; noｄｄing ﻫ摇头振动ｙawｉng; ｈunｔing机车车辆共振 resoｎancｅ of rollｉng ｓtock 机车车辆冲击 impaｃt ｏf rolling ﻫ纵向冲击ｌongiｔuｄiｎal impact横向冲击 lａteral imｐact垂向冲击 veｒtｉｃal iｍｐaｃt ﻫ货运站综合作业自动化 aｕtomation of synthetic oｐｅraｔiｏｎｓ aｔ fｒｅｉgｈｔｓｔａｔion行车指挥自动化 autｏｍaｔｉｏn of trａffiｃｃｏntrol ﻫ编组场综合作业自动化ａutomatｉoｎ of synthetic ｏpeｒatｉons iｎ marsｈalling yaｒd铁路运营信息系统 raｉlway ｏpｅraｔｉon i ｎfoｒmａｔion systeｍﻫ铁路数据交换系统raiｌｗay data exｃhａngｅｓysｔem运营系统模拟simulation of ｏpeｒaｔiｏn systeｍ铁路法railway law铁道法规ｒailway aｃt ﻫ铁路条例 railｗay ｃｏde铁路技术管理规程reｇulatｉons ｏｆｒailway tｅchniｃal ｏperatioｎ综合运输 prehenｓive ｔrａｎsport; multｉ-ｍode ｔranｓpｏrｔ； interｍode trａnｓpo ｒt ﻫ国际铁路联运intｅrnａtiｏｎaｌrailway thrｏugh ｔrafｆｉc大陆桥;洲际铁路ｔraｎscｏnｔｉnental raiｌway; ｉnｔercontinental rａilway； land-rａilｗaｙ国际联运协定 agreeｍent of internａtioｎal ｔhｒoｕgｈｔraffic ﻫ国际联运议定书prｏtocol oｆｉnternatｉonal thｒｏuｇh traffic ﻫ国际铁路联运公约 conｖenｔion of interｎational railwaｙ tｈrｏuｇh traｆfic二、铁路新线建设nｅｗly-built rａilway ｃoｎstrｕctioｎ铁路技术改造ｔecｈnical ｒefoｒm of ｒaiｌway; tｅｃhnical rｅｎovatiｏn of ｒaiｌway；ｂetterment and impｒovemeｎt of ra ｉlway ﻫ铁路主要技术条件 main tｅcｈnical stanｄard of railway; main tｅｃhincａl requｉｒｅmeｎｔ oｆ railway单位工程 uniｔprojecｔﻫ分部工程 part ｐｒoject ﻫ分项工程itｅｍ projeｃｔ预可行性研究 pre-fｅａsｉｂiliｔy stｕｄy 项目建议书proposｅd taｓk of prｏｊect 可行性研究 feasibｉlity ｓtudy ﻫ设计阶段design phase； desｉgｎ sｔage ﻫ三阶段设计ｔｈrｅe-stｅp ｄesiｇn; thｒｅe-phase deｓｉgn ﻫ两阶段设计twｏ-step desｉgｎ; twｏ-phasｅdesignﻫ一阶段设计onｅ－steｐdesigｎ; ｏｎｅ-phaｓｅ desｉｇｎ初步设计 prelｉmｉnaｒy desｉｇn ﻫ技术设计 t ｅcｈnicaｌｄesiｇn ﻫ扩大初步设计ｅnlarged prｅliminary desiｇn; expandｅd ｐreｌiｍｉnary designﻫ施工图设计construction ｄetail desｉｇn； woｒkiｎg-drawｉng ｄesign变更设计 altｅred desｉgn设计概算 appoｒximａｔe estimate of dｅs ｉgn; ｂudｇeｔary eｓtimate ｏf desigｎﻫ个别概算ｉndivｉduaｌａpprｏｘimate eｓt ｉmａtｅ综合概算 prehｅnsive appｒoｘｉmaｔｅ esｔi ｍate ﻫ总概算sｕm ｏｆ aｐproximate ｅsti ｍate; total estｉｍatｅ；sｕｍmａry ｅstimate修正总概算ａmｅｎdｅd sum oｆ approximate estimate; revised general eｓtimａtｅﻫ调整总概算 adｊusｔed sum of aｐproｘimatｅ eｓtiｍate ﻫ投资检算ｃheｃｋｉnｇｏf ｉnv ｅstmｅnｔﻫ预算定额 raｔing oｆｂudｇet；raｔinｇ forｍfor budｇeｔﻫ概算定额ｒaｔiｎg of apｐrｏxｉmaｔe estｉmatｅ； ra ｔiｎg forｍ for eｓtiｍaｔe投资估算 invesｔmeｎｔestimate ﻫ估算指标indｅx ｏf eｓｔimate机械台班定额 ratｉng per macｈinｅ per team; ratｉng ｐｅr ｍachine-ｔeam工程直接费 dｉｒｅcｔ expense of pｒoject; direｃｔｃｏsｔｏf proｊect ﻫ工程间接费iｎdiｒｅｃt exｐｅｎse of pｒoｊeｃt; ｉndirect cost oｆpｒojecｔﻫ工程预备费reservｅ fund of project ﻫ设计鉴定 cｅrｔifi ｃａｔiｏn of deｓign; ａppraｉsal of desig ｎ竣工决算final ａccouｎts of pleted ｐrｏjecｔﻫ铁路用地 rｉgｈt-of－waｙﻫ铁路勘测rａilwaｙ recoｎｎaisｓance ﻫ调查测绘 sｕrvｅy and draｗing of invｅstｉgaｔiｏn；invｅsｔigａtion survey; iｎｖｅsｔigation sｕrｖeyｉｎｇａｎd sｋetchingﻫ地形调查 t ｏpogｒａphic sｕｒvｅy ﻫ地貌调查 topograp ｈiｃ feａture survｅy; geｏmｏrphologic s ｕrvｅy地质调查 geolｏｇiｃsuｒvey经济调查 ecoｎomiｃ iｎvesｔｉgａtiｏn; econｏmic ｓuｒveｙ水文地质调查ｈydｒogeｏlogic ｓｕrｖeｙﻫ土石成分调查 sｕrｖeｙ oｆ sｏil and roｃk posiｔｉon土石物理力学性质 phyｓiｃal aｎd mｅchaｎｉｃaｌｐropertｉes of soil and rock土石分类ｃlaｓsｉfｉcatｉoｎｏf sｏil a ｎｄｒｏck地基承载力ｂｅaｒｉng ｃapaｃiｔy of founｄation；ｂeaｒiｎｇ capａcity of grｏund；beａｒinｇ of ｓuｂgｒade隧道围岩分级 clasｓiｆicatioｎｏf tunneｌsurroundinｇ rock ﻫ地质图测绘 suｒvey ａｎd ｄrａｗing ｏf gｅolｏgicａl ｍap; ｓuｒveyinｇ and sｋetchinｇｏf ｇeologiｃａl map勘探eｘploration;prospecting ﻫ挖探excavatｉon prospｅｃting钻探bｏring; exｐlｏratiｏn ｄｒilling物探 geｏphysicaｌ proｓpeｃting ﻫ室内测试iｎdｏor teｓt; ｌaboraｔory ｔｅsｔ原位测试 iｎ sitｕtest ﻫ静力触探static souｎｄiｎｇ； static probing; cone penｅｔratｉoｎ teｓｔ动力触探试验dｙnamｉc ｐenｅtrａtion test标准贯入试验 staｎｄａrd penｅtrａtｉon te ｓt ﻫ区域地质regiｏｎal ｇeｏｌogy工程地质 engiｎeｅrｉnｇgｅoloｇｙﻫ不良地质 unfavｏrabｌe geology特殊地质 sｐecial geology ﻫ工程地质条件ｅnｇineerｉnｇｇｅologｉc; ｒequiｒemen ｔ；enginｅeｒing geoloｇiｃｃondｉtｉon ﻫ气象资料 mｅteｏrolｏgical ｄatａ冻结深度ｆreezing ｄｅpth地震基本烈度 bａsic iｎtｅnｓiｔy of eａrt ｈquａｋｅ；ｓeismic basic intensitｙ工程地质图 engineｅrｉng ｇeoｌｏgicａｌmap ﻫ地层柱状图 column diaｇrａm oｆ strat ｕm; graphｉc lｏｇs ｏf stｒatａ；ｄrｉll ｌog of strａｔum ﻫ洪水调查ｆlooｄsu ｒvｅy河道调查 rｉvｅr course survey冰凌调查 iｃe flｏe surｖey； fraｚｉl iｃｅ suｒveｙ汇水区流域特征调查ｓuｒvｅｙ of cａｔchment bａsｉn chａraｃｔerｉstics水文断面hydrologic ｓeｃtｉonal ｄｒａwing；ｄydrｏlｏgic section; hyｄrｏlogｉc cross-ｓeｃｔion ﻫ主河槽ｍａiｎriver channel ﻫ设计流速ｄｅsｉgn current velocity ﻫ设计高程；设计标高 design elevatiｏn ﻫ河流比降ｓlopｅｏf rｉvｅr; parａｂle horiz ｏn oｆriｖer历史洪水位 histｏric flｏoｄleｖel ﻫ最高水位hiｇheｓｔwateｒｌevel; ＨＷL ﻫ通航水位nａvigａtion wateｒ lｅvel; NWL桥涵水文 hydrology ｏf bｒidgｅ and ｃulvｅrt ﻫ水利半径hydrａｕlｉc rａdiuｓ桥前壅水高度 backwater height in ｆrｏnt of bｒｉdge; top ｗatｅr leｖｅｌｉｎｆrｏnt of bｒidge ﻫ桥渡勘测设计 surｖeｙ aｎd design ｏf bridge crosｓing水面坡度 slopｅ oｆｗａter suｒface水文测量ｈyｄrｏlogical surｖey ﻫ泥石流流域ｃatｃhment basin of ｄebriｓ fｌｏw分水岭waterｓhed; diｖｉdinｇ rｉdge汇水面积ｃaｔcｈment ａrea; water cｏllｅcting aｒｅa; draｉnage ａrｅa ﻫ洪水频率flooｄ frequency设计流量ｄeｓign ｄischaｒge设计水位dｅsiｇn wａteｒlevel ﻫ施工水位 cｏｎsｔrｕctiｏn leveｌ; constrｕctiｏｎｗater level; working wａtｅr level设计洪水过程线ｄesigned fｌｏod ｈydro ｇrａｐｈ容许冲刷allｏwable scour ﻫ一般冲刷gener ａｌ scour ﻫ局部冲刷 loｃal scｏur; ｐartial scｏur三、铁路测量 raｉlway surveｙﻫ线路踏勘;草测 routｅ reｃonnaissance ﻫ初测 prｅlimｉnaｒy surｖeｙ定测 locatioｎsurveｙ; ａlignｍent; fｉnal locatｉon survey导线测量 traｖｅrsｉng; ｔraversｅｓurｖey ﻫ光电导线 photoelectric traｖｅrｓe ﻫ地形测量 topograｐhical suｒvｅｙﻫ横断面测量cross leｖｅｌing; crosｓ-seｃtion ｓurｖey; cross-sｅｃtiｏn ｌｅvelinｇ线路测量 rouｔｅｓuｒvey; pｒo；ｌoｎgｉt ｕdinal survey ﻫ既有线测量;旧线测量 sｕrvey ｏf exiｓting raｉlway ﻫ线路复测 rｅpetiｔion sｕrｖey of eｘiｓｔｉng raiｌwａy; resurvey of exiｓtｉｎg railｗａｙ测量精度surｖey precision; prｅcｉsion ｏｆｓurveｙﻫ均方差；中误差 mean ｓquａｒe eｒｒｏr最大误差；极限误差ｍaｘimuｍ error; limｉtｉng ｅrror中线测量cｅｎｔeｒ line suｒvey ﻫ中线桩ｃentｅr lｉｎe ｓｔakｅﻫ加桩ａddiｔional ｓｔake; plus stａke外移桩 sｈifｔ out stａke； stakｅ oｕtward; oｆfｓeｔｓtａke水准点高程测量benｃh mark leveｌiｎg ﻫ中桩高程测量；中平 center staｋｅleｖｅlin ｇﻫ曲线控制点curve coｎtｒｏl pｏint 放线 setting-oｕｔｏf rouｔe; lay out ｏf rｏute交点interｓectioｎ point副交点 auxiｌiaｒy inｔersectｉｏｎ poinｔ转向角 deflｅcｔｉon angｌe ﻫ分转向角 aｕｘiliary ｄeflecｔｉon aｎgｌe坐标方位角 plaｎｅ－coorｄinate azｉmｕt ｈﻫ象限角 quａdrantal angle经纬距 plaｎe rectanｇｕlar coordinate断链 brｏkeｎ chaｉｎ投影断链ｐroｊectiｏｎ oｆ brokｅn chain ﻫ断高ｂroken ｈeight ﻫ铁路航空摄影测量;铁路航测 railｗay ａeriａl ｐhotｏgraｍmｅtry铁路航空勘测 rａilway aｅrial survｅying 航带设计 flｉgｈt ｓtriｐ dｅsiｇn; desiｇn of flｉght sｔｒｉｐ铁路工程地质遥感rｅmote sensing oｆ raｉｌwａy engineeriｎg geｏlｏgy测段 segment ｏf survey ﻫ航测选线ａeｒiａｌ surveｙｉng ａｌignmenｔ航测外控点 fｉeld coｎtrｏｌ point of aeｒｏｐhoｔoｇrammｅｔry全球定位系统ｇlobaｌ posiｔioniｎｇ syst ｅm; GPS像片索引图ｉｎdex of ｐhｏtoｇraｐhy ﻫ三角测量tｒigｏnometｒｉｃ survｅy; triａn ｇuｌatｉｏn精密导线测量prｅcisｅｔｒaversｅsuｒvey; accｕｒａｔe travｅrse ｓurvey三角高程测量ｔrigｏnoｍetric lｅvｅling ﻫ隧道洞外控制测量 ouｔsｉｄｅ tunｎｅｌ cｏｎｔrol survey隧道洞内控制测量 in tｕnnｅl controｌ surv ｅy; thrｏuｇh surｖｅy ﻫ隧道洞口投点hｏｒiｚontal poinｔ oｆ tunｎeｌ portaｌ；ｇeodetic contrｏｌ point of porｔａl lｏc ａｔion oｆ adiｔ桥轴线测量 survｅy of bridge axis铁路选线 raｉlｗａy locaｔion； approximat ｅ railwａy ｌｏcatiｏn；locatiｏn of railwaｙｒoute selectiｏn平原地区选线location ｉｎ plaiｎregion; plain locatｉoｎ越岭选线 lｏｃａtion of mountain liｎe； lo ｃatiｏn of linｅ iｎ mｏｕntａin ｒeｇi ｏn; lｏcation ovｅr moｕｎtain山区河谷选线 mountain aｎd valley ｒｅgioｎlｏcation; ｌoｃation of line oｆ in ｍoｕｎtａｉn and ｖaｌlｅy regiｏｎﻫ丘陵地段选线 hilｌy land ｌoｃatｉｏn; locaｔion ｏf line oｎ hiｌｌy ｌand工程地质选线ｅnginｅerinｇｇeｏligｉc loｃation of liｎｅ线间距dｉstａnce betwｅen centerｓof tracks; ｍiｄｗay bｅtween tracｋs车站分布 dｉｓtriｂution of stａtｉons ﻫ方案比选 schｅme paｒiｓon； roｕte aｌtｅrnativｅﻫ投资回收期 reｐａymｅnt pｅｒｉｏd of capital ｃosｔ纸上定线 papeｒｌocatioｎoｆ liｎe缓坡地段 section ｏf eaｓy graｄe; ｓectiｏn oｆｇentｌe ｓｌope ﻫ紧坡地段secｔion oｆ sufｆｉciｅnt ｇrａde ﻫ非紧坡地段sｅctiｏn oｆunsuｆｆiciｅnt gｒade; sectｉｏn fo ｉnsufｆｉcｉenｔ gｒａde ﻫ导向线leadｉng lｉne； alｉgnmenｔguidｉng ｌine 拔起高度;克服高度 hｅｉgｈt of lifｔing; li ｆting height; asｃｅｎt of elevaｔiｏn横断面选线 cross－sｅction method of raｉl ｗaｙ lｏcatiｏn； locatｉon wiｔh cｒoｓｓ-sectｉon ｍethod; ｃrosｓ-ｓectioｎ me ｔｈｏｄ fｏr locaｔion oｆlinｅ展线 eｘtｅnsion of liｎe; devｅｌopｍeｎt oｆｌine; line develoｐｍent展线系数coeffiｃiｅnt oｆ eｘteｎsiｏn liｎe; coｅffiｃient oｆ develｏpmｅｎt ｌine ﻫ套线 overlaｐpinｇｌiｎe线路平面图 tｒａｃk plan；liｎｅ pｌaｎ线路纵断面图 track pｒofｉｌe; liｎｅｐrofiｌｅ站坪长度 length ｏｆｓtation siｔe ﻫ站坪坡度ｇrａｄe of stａtion ｓite控制区间 contｒoｌ sｅctiｏn; conｔrｏllｉng sｅcｔｉoｎﻫ最小曲线半径minｉｍuｍradｉｕｓ of ｃｕrｖe圆曲线cｉrｃulaｒ curve单曲线simple cuｒveﻫ缓与曲线tｒａnsition curve; easeｍｅnt cｕrve； spirａｌ tranｓｉｔion cｕrve ﻫ缓与曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature； raｔe of tｒａnsition curve ﻫ复曲线 poｕnd ｃurve同向曲线 cｕｒves of sａｍｅ sensｅ; ａdｊacｅnt curveｓｉn one direcｔion反向曲线ｒｅvｅｒse curvｅ; curve ｏf ｏppositｅｓensｅﻫ夹直线 intｅrmediate ｓｔraiｇhｔｌiｎe; tangｅｎｔ beｔween cｕｒｖes坡度 grａde; graｄｉent; slope人字坡doｕblｅspur grade限制坡度ｒuling grade; ｌimｉｔing gradｅﻫ加力牵引坡度ｐｕsｈｅr grade; assistiｎg gradｅ最大坡度 maximum grａｄe临界坡度 crｉtｉｃal grａｄe长大坡度ｌonｇｓtｅeｐｇraｄe; lｏng ｈｅavy gｒaｄe动力坡度moｍentuｍ gradｅ均衡坡度ｂａlanced ｇrade ﻫ有害地段ｈarmfuｌｄｉstriｃt无害地段ｈarｍlｅｓｓ distｒict ﻫ变坡点poinｔ of ｇｒａdient chａnge; breakｅin gradｅ坡段 gｒade sｅｃtioｎﻫ坡段长度 lｅngｔｈof ｇｒａdｅ section坡度差 alｇeｂrａｉc dｉfｆｅrｅncｅ bｅtｗeen ａdjacenｔ gｒａdients竖曲线 vｅrtiｃａｌｃurｖe分坡平段 levｅｌsｔretch bｅtｗｅen opｐｏsiｔe sign ｇraｄiｅnt ﻫ缓与坡度slight graｄe; fｌat grade; easy graｄｅﻫ起动缓坡ｆｌat grａｄient for ｓtaｒting ﻫ加速缓坡ｅａsy graｄieｎt foｒａcｃｅlｅratioｎ； acｃelｅratｉng ｇradｅ坡度折减pｅnsatｉon of gradiｅnt; gｒaｄｉent pensation; gｒadｅｐensａtioｎﻫ曲线折减pensａtion oｆｃurve; curve peｓａtion隧道坡度折减ｐensation ｏf gradient ｉn tunnｅl；ｐensａｔioｎ grａdｅ in tunnel 绕行地段deｔoｕring secｔion; round ｓeｃtｉon ﻫ换侧;换边chaｎge side ｏf ｄoｕbl ｅｌine ﻫ容许应力设计法 allowaｂlｅsｔｒeｓs dｅsigｎ meｔhｏｄ破损阶段设计法 pｌaｓｔic sｔage dｅsｉｇn methoｄﻫ极限状态设计法ｌｉmit ｓtate design method ﻫ概率极限状态设计法;可靠度设计法probａbilｉsａtｉc lｉｍit ｓｔate deｓign mｅthod地震系数法sｅiｓmiｃcｏefficｉeｎt methoｄ四、路基 subｇrade;rｏａd bed; foｒｍation sｕbｇraｄｅ岩石路基 rock subgrade ﻫ渗水土路基ｐermeａb ｌe ｓｏil subｇrａde; ｐervｉous embank ｍent ﻫ非渗水土路基ｎon-perｍeabｌe ｓｏil ｓｕbgrade; iｍpervious embａnkmｅnt特殊土路基ｓuｂｇｒade of sｐeciaｌsｏil 软土地区路基 subgrade iｎ sofｔsoｉｌ zｏｎｅ; subｇrade iｎｓoft; clay rｅｇion ﻫ泥沼地区路基ｓｕbgraｄｅ in bog ｚｏｎｅ；suｂgrade ｉｎｍoraｓs ｒegion; suｂgr ａｄe ｉn ｓwampｌａnｄ膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基 suｂgｒａdｅin sweｌlinｇsoil zone; ｓｕbgraｄe in expansiｖe soｉl ｒeｇion盐渍土地区路基ｓubgｒaｄe in saｌty ｓoil zone; subｇｒadｅ in sａline soｉｌregiｏn多年冻土路基 subgｒade iｎｐｅｒｍaｆｒo ｓｔ soil ｚoｎe ﻫ特殊条件下得路基subgｒade ｕndeｒｓｐecial coｎdiｔｉon河滩路堤 emｂanｋment on plaｉn rｉvｅr bｅaｃh ﻫ滨河路堤 embａnkmeｎt on rivｅr baｎｋ水库路基ｓuｂgｒade in ｒeｓervoir; embａnkｍenｔｃrossinｇ reservoir ﻫ崩塌地段路基subgrade iｎｒock falｌdistｒiｃt; su ｂgｒaｄｅin collapse ｚｏne岩堆地段路基ｓubgｒａdｅ in rocｋ dｅpoｓit zone; suｂgradｅin talus zoｎe; sｕbgrａdｅiｎｓcｒｅe ｚonｅ滑坡地段路基ｓubｇｒaｄe in slidｅﻫ岩溶地段路基;喀斯特地段路基 suｂｇrａde in karst zｏne洞穴地段路基subｇrade in cavｉty ｚone；subgrａde in caｖｅｒn zoｎe风沙地段路基 subｇｒade iｎ winｄy and ｓa ｎdy zｏne； sｕbgrａdｅｉn desert雪害地段路基 subgrade iｎ sｎow ｄamage z ｏne; ｓｕｂgrade iｎsnow ｄiｓaｓter zone泥石流地段路基ｓubgrade in ｄebrｉs ｆlｏw zｏｎe ﻫ路基横断面 subgｒａde crosｓ-ｓection路基面 suｂgrade sｕrfacｅ; ｆoｒmaｔion 路基面宽度 widｔｈ oｆ thｅｓuｂgraｄe ｓｕrface; formatｉｏｎwｉdth ﻫ路拱roaｄ c ｒｏwn; subgｒaｄe crown路肩Ｒoad shoｕlｄer； sｕbgrａde shｏuld ｅr路肩高程 formation level; shouｌdeｒ leｖe ｌﻫ路堤ｅｍｂankmeｎt; fill ﻫ路堑 cuｔ; roaｄ; cｕttｉｎg半堤半堑 part－cｕt ａｎd ｐaｒt-fiｌl ｓectiｏn; cut and fｉll section ﻫ基床subgrade beｄ；formａtiｏn ﻫ基床表层ｓurfａｃｅｌayｅr of subgradｅ beｄ; fｏrm ａｔiｏｎtoｐｌaｙer; surｆace ｌaｙer ｏf ｓubｇrａde基床表层 boｔtom laｙer of subgrａdｅ; f ｏrmation base layｅr; boｔtom layeｒｏｆsubｇｒade beｄ一般路基ｇｅnｅｒal ｓｕbgｒade; oｒｄｉｎａｒy subgraｄe ﻫ最小填筑高度mｉnimuｍｆｉll heｉｇht of sｕｂgrade; miｎimuｍｈｅight of fill ﻫ临界高度 criticaｌｈeｉg ｈｔ基底 foundation ｂaｓe； base ﻫ路堤边坡s ｉｄe slｏpe ｏf eｍbanｋmenｔ; fill slｏpe talus ﻫ坡脚ｔｏe ｏf side slope护道berm ﻫ取土坑borｒow pit路堤填料 embankmeｎｔ filｌ material; ｅmbanｋment ｆｉｌler; fiｌｌｉｎg mａtｅri ａｌｏf embａｎｋmeｎｔﻫ填料分类 claｓｓiｆication of ｆｉlling ｍaterｉal ﻫ岩块填料 rock blocｋ filler; ｒｏck filler；rocｋ fiｌl ﻫ粗粒土填料 coaｒse-grａiｎeｄsｏil fiｌler； cｏarｓe-grained ｓｏiｌ fi ｌl细粒土填料 fｉne-ｇraineｄｓoｉl fｉller; fｉne-graiｎeｄ soｉl fiｌｌﻫ压实标准 pａｃting ｃriｔeria相对密度 relａtive ｄeｎsity ﻫ压实系数 pact ｉｎg factｏr; paｃｔｉnｇ coefficiｅnt ﻫ最佳含水量 optimum moｉｓｔuｒe cｏｎtent；bｅst mｏistuｒｅ coｎtent最佳密度optimｕm dｅｎsity;beｓt density核子密度湿度测定 deterｍｉnatioｎof ｎuclear deｎsity－mｏiｓture ﻫ路基承载板测定 determiｎatioｎ oｆbｅarinｇ sｌab oｆsubｇraｄe预留沉落量reseｒveｓｅttlemｅｎt; ｓettlement ａｌｌoｗａnce ﻫ反压护道 berm wit ｈｓupｅｒloａdｉng; bｅｒm for bａck ｐｒｅssure; cｏｕntｅr swelliｎg berｍﻫ石灰砂桩 lime ｓaｎｄpile ﻫ换土cｈangｅ sｏil； soｉl rｅplacement爆破排淤blａsｔing ｄｉsｃharginｇｓｅdimｅｎtatｉoｎ; silt aｒreｓtiｎｇｂｙexplosiｏｎ; disｃｈargｅｏf sediｍｅntat ｉｏn bｙｂlasting ﻫ抛石挤淤 throwinｇstones ｔo paｃkｉng sｅdiｍeｎtatiｏn; packing sｅdｉｍeｎtaｔｉｏn ｂy ｔhrｏｗiｎg ｓtoｎｅs; ｐacｋｉng up seｄimｅｎtatｉon ｂy dｕmpiｎg ｓtones路堑石方爆破 rｏck cuｔtinｇ blａstinｇ; r ｏck blaｓtinｇｉn cut ﻫ定向爆破directionａl blasting ﻫ浅孔爆破 shallow hoｌe bｌasting ﻫ深孔爆破 deep hoｌｅｂｌastiｎg洞室药包爆破 chａmｂeｒ eｘpｌosiｖｅｐa ｃｋａgｅｂlastinｇ; chamher ｂlastｉｎg 扬弃爆破abａｎdoned bｌasｔｉｎg; aｂandonment blaｓting ﻫ抛掷爆破piｎ-point blasting ﻫ松动爆破ｂlasting for loosening ｒｏcｋ药壶爆破pot hｏlｅ blaｓtｉng裸露腰包爆破 adobe bｌａstiｎg; cｏntact blastｉnｇ路堑边坡 cｕｔtiｎg slopｅ; sidｅ slope of c ｕｔﻫ堑顶 tｏp ｏf cuttiｎg sloｐe； top of cutting路堑平台 plaｔfｏｒm ｏf cｕtｔｉｎg; bｅrm in cutｔｉnｇ弃土堆 wａste bａnk; ｂanｋｅtte；ｓpoiｌbank ﻫ五、防护工程Ｐｒｏtｅction works挡土墙 retaｉnｉng ｗaｌl重力式挡土墙 graviｔy retａinｉnｇｗall 衡重式挡土墙 balance weighｔ rｅｔainｉng walｌ; ｇravｉｔy retａｉning wａll wiｔh relieｖing ｐlａｔforｍ; balａｎｃｅd ｔyp ｅretainｉng waｌｌﻫ锚定板挡土墙 anchｏｒed retａiniｎg wall bｙ tie rｏｄｓ; a ｎchored bulkhead rｅtａiniｎg ｗaｌｌ; ａnchored plate rｅｔａｉniｎｇ walｌﻫ加筋土挡土墙 reinforｃｅd earth ｒeｔaｉning wａl ｌ; reinｆoｒｃed sｏil retainiｎg ｗall 锚杆挡墙 ancｈoｒed bolｔｒetaiｎiｎｇwall; ａnchoragｅd ｒetａｉnｉnｇ wall by tiｅ rods管柱挡墙 cylindricaｌｓhaft reｔaining wａlｌ沉井挡墙 cａｉsson ｒｅｔaiｎing waｌl抗滑桩 anti-sliｄe pile; coｕnter－slｉdｉｎg pilｅﻫ护墙guard ｗall ﻫ护坡 slｏｐe protｅctiｏn; ｒeｖetｍent; pｉtching排水沟weep dｒaiｎ; drainaｇｅ dｉtch; ｄｒain ditch ﻫ边沟;侧沟side dｉtch ﻫ天沟gutter; oｖerhead dｉtch; ｉntercepｔｉｎg ditch吊沟 suｓpｅndeｄ ditch跌水 hｙdraulic ｄrop ﻫ截水沟 intercｅptin ｇ ditcｈ；ｃａtch－draｉn ﻫ急流槽chute 排水槽ｄrａinａge ｃhannel ﻫ渗水暗沟bl ｉnd ｄrａｉｎ渗水隧洞ｌeak tｕｎneｌ;permｅａble tunneｌ; ｄｒａｉnage tunnｅｌﻫ渗井leac ｈinｇ welｌ; sｅepａｇe weｌｌ渗管 leaky ｐｉpe平孔排水 hｏrizｏｎtal hｏle drainagｅ反滤层 rｅveｒse fｉltraｔion laｙer; inv ｅｒted fｉｌtｅr；ｐrotｅctiｖe fiｌtｅr 检查井 iｎspection wｅｌl； manhｏle砂井；排水砂井ｓand drain ﻫ隔断层 inｓｕl ａtｉng courｓe；insｕｌaｔing layer透水路堤ｐｅｒvioｕｓｅmbanｋｍent; permeaｂle eｍｂaｎkmeｎｔ渗水路堤ｉmmeｒseａｂle eｍbankmeｎt ﻫ排水砂垫层 sａnd filled drainａgｅ layer；drainaｇe saｎd blａnkｅr ﻫ坡面防护ｓlop ｅ pｒoteｃtion护岸rｅvetｍｅnt; sｈｏre prｏｔecｔion ﻫ导流堤dｉversiｏｎｄike拦石墙 stｏｎｅ cｕt oｆｆ waｌｌ; stone falling ｗall; ｂutｔｒｅe ﻫ落石槽ｓtone fa ｌling channｅl; tｒoｕｇh foｒ catcｈing ｆalｌing ｒocks ﻫ柴排firｅwooｄ raft; maｔtress; wiｌloｗfascｉneﻫ固沙造林stabiliｚation for ｓandｓ by ａffｏｒｅs ｔaｔion ﻫ挡风墙 wind-breaｋ wall ﻫ防风栅栏ｗiｎｄ breａk fence砂土液化 sａnd liｑuefacｔion六、桥梁 bridge中-活载CR-ｌive ｌoａｄiｎｇ; Ｃhinａ r ａilwaｙ stａnｄaｒｄ loadｉnｇﻫ桥梁标准活载ｓtaｎdard live loaｄ for bｒidｇｅ桥梁荷载谱 bridge loａd speｃtrum ﻫ换算均布活载ｅquivａｌeｎt unｉforｍ live loａd ﻫ设计荷载 deｓiｇn lｏａd ﻫ主力ｐrｉｎciｐａl loａｄ恒载 dead loaｄ土压力earth ｌoad ﻫ静水压力hydｒｏｓtatic pressurｅ浮力 bｕoyanｃy列车活载 live ｌoad of ｔrａin列车离心力ceｎtrifugaｌ fｏrce oｆ trａin ﻫ列车冲击力；冲击荷载 impａct ｆoｒcｅｏｆｔrain ﻫ冲击系数ｃeoffｉｃiｅｎt ｏf imp ａｃt人行道荷载 siｄewalk loａｄｉng附加力 subsidiary load; ｓeｃondａry lｏaｄ列车制动力brakinｇ foｒｃe of tｒain ﻫ列车牵引力tractivｅfｏrce oｆｔｒain风荷载ｗｉnd load 列车横向摇摆力latｅraｌ sｗayｉng ｆoｒｃe of trａiｎﻫ流水压力pressure of waｔer ｆlow冰压力 ice pｒｅｓsurｅ冻胀力ｆroｓt heavｉng forｃe ﻫ特殊荷载particｕlar load船只或排筏得撞击力collisｉon foｒce ｏf shiｐｏr raｆt ﻫ地震力seiｓｍic force 地震烈度ｅａｒthquａkｅ inｔensitｙ地震震级 eartｈｑuａｋe ｍａgnitｕｄe ﻫ施工荷载conｓtrｕｃtｉｏnaｌ loadｉnｇﻫ荷载组合 lｏadinｇconｂｉｎatｉon铁路桥 railｗay brｉdgｅ公铁两用桥 bined briｄgｅ； biｎed highwａy ａnｄraiｌwａｙ bridｇe; bｉｎed rａｉl-c ｕm-roａd briｄge跨线桥;立交桥ｏvｅｒpａｓｓ bridgｅ; grａde separａtion briｄｇe；ｆｌyover ﻫ高架桥vｉａdｕcｔ旱桥 dry ｂrｉdge ﻫ人行桥fｏｏt briｄge; pedestrian brｉdｇe ﻫ圬工桥ｍａsoｎry bri ｄge ﻫ钢桥steel ｂｒｉdｇeﻫ铆接钢桥rivetｅd sｔeeｌｂｒidge ﻫ栓焊钢桥bolted and welｄｅd sｔｅel bridge ﻫ全焊钢桥 alｌwｅlded ｓteel bridge ﻫ摩擦结合式高强度螺栓ｈｉgｈ strｅngｔh ｆriｃtｉo ｎｇriｐ bolｔﻫ扭剪式高强度螺栓ｔorsｈe ａr tyｐｅ high strength bloｔﻫ螺栓示功扳手ｂoｌt wｒeｎch wｉth indｉcator混凝土桥ｃoｎcｒｅｔｅ bridｇe钢筋混凝土桥ｒeｉｎfoｒｃｅｄ concrｅte briｄge ﻫ预应力混凝土桥 prｅsｔressed conc ｒeｔe bridge ﻫ先张法预应力梁 pretenｓiｏｎｅd prestresseｄcｏｎｃrｅte ｇirｄer后张法预应力梁 poｓt-tensｉｏned presｔrｅｓsed conｃrete girdeｒﻫ部分预应力混凝土桥ｐartiallｙprｅｓｔressed concｒetｅbridge结合梁桥ｐosｉte beam bridｇe低高度梁 sｈallow gｉrdｅｒﻫ无碴无枕梁 gｉｒdｅr withoｕt bａlｌast ａｎd ｓｌeepｅr ﻫ型钢混凝土梁;劲性骨架混凝土梁 giｒｄer wｉtｈ rolleｄ steeｌsecｔioｎ encａseｄ in coｎcretｅ; ｓkelｅtｏｎｒeｉnfｏrced concｒete gｉｒｄｅｒ简支梁桥 siｍplｙ sｕｐpｏrted beam bｒid ｇe ﻫ连续梁桥ｃｏntiｎuouｓ beａm ｂｒidg ｅﻫ悬臂梁桥ｃantｉlｅver beam brｉdgｅ板桥 slab brｉdge空心板桥 holｌｏｗ slab bridge板梁 plate girdｅr ﻫ工形梁I-beam箱形梁ｂox gｉrｄer槽形梁trough girdｅr桁架truss拆装式桁架 deｍｏuntable trｕｓｓﻫ刚架桥；刚构桥 rigｉd frａme bridｇe ﻫ斜腿刚架桥;斜腿刚构桥 stｒuttｅd ｂeam briｄge；ｓｌant-leggeｄ rigid frame brｉｄge ﻫ悬板桥;悬带桥ｓtresｓｅｄribbon bridge悬索桥；吊桥 sｕsｐension bｒidge斜拉桥caｂle-ｓtａyｅｄｂriｄge ﻫ浮桥ponｔｏon bridge; fｌｏatｉｎg bridｇe；ｂateａｕ bｒidｇe ﻫ拱桥 aｒcｈ brｉdｇe固端拱;无铰拱ｆiｘｅｄ-ｅnd arｃh ﻫ双铰拱ｔｗｏ-hiｎgｅｄａrch ﻫ三铰拱three-hinged arｃh实腹拱 spandrel－fiｌｌed aｒch； sｏliｄ-ｓｐandreｌ arch空腹拱 oｐen-spaｎdｒeｌａrｃｈ双曲拱 twｏ-way curｖed aｒｃｈ; cｒoｓｓ－cｕｒｖed arｃｈﻫ系杆拱;柔性系杆刚性拱ｔied arcｈﻫ榔格尔式桥;刚性系杆柔性拱桥Langer brｉdｇｅ; flｅxｉｂｌｅarch bridge wiｔh riｇid ｔie洛泽式桥;直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Ｌohse ｂriｄgｅ; riｇid ａrｃｈｂｒｉｄge wｉth rigiｄｔie and vｅrｔicａl sｅsｐenｄersﻫ尼尔森桥 Nielseｎ systen brｉｄge尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Ｎieｌsen tｙｐe Lhse briｄge; ｒiｇid arｃｈbｒｉdge wｉtｈ fiｇhd tiｅａｎd iｎcｌined suspeｎders活动桥 movａble bridｇｅ竖旋桥 bascule bridge ﻫ平旋桥swiｎg ｂｒidgｅ升降桥 lift ｂridge ﻫ正交桥ｒight ｂrid ｇｅﻫ斜交桥sｋew briｄge曲线桥 cuｒvｅｄbridge曲梁 cｕrved beａm特大桥super mａiｏr briｄge ﻫ大桥 mａjor bridgｅﻫ中桥mｅdiuｍbｒidｇe小桥 minor brｉdge单线桥 siｎｇle ｔｒaｃｋ bｒidge双线桥ｄｏuｂlｅｔｒａｃk bridge多线桥muｌｔi－ｔｒａcｋbｒidge ﻫ正桥; 主桥 mａｉｎ bridｇe ﻫ引桥 approach spａns 上承式桥 dｅck brｉdge半穿式桥;中承式ｈａｌf tｈrｏｕgｈ brｉdge; mｉdheigｈt deck brｉdge ﻫ下承式桥 through ｂriｄge ﻫ双层桥 dｏuble-ｄeｃk bridge ﻫ永久性桥 permanｅnt ｂｒidge临时性桥；便桥ｔemporarｙ bridge跨径;跨度 span ﻫ净跨 cｌeａｒｓpaｎ桥梁全长oveｒａｌl ｌeｎgth of bridｇe ﻫ桥下净空ｕｎderneaｔｈclearance主梁中心距 center tｏ cｅnteｒ diｓｔaｎce between maｉｎgirdｅr ﻫ节间长度 pａｎeｌｌengtｈ梁高ｄｅpｔh ｏｆ girdeｒﻫ拱度 caｍbeｒﻫ挠度 dｅflectｉon ﻫ节间pａnel ﻫ锚跨;锚孔ａnchor span悬跨;吊孔ｓuspendeｄ sｐaｎﻫ桥梁上部结构suｐｅrstrｕctｕre ﻫ腹板web platｅ翼缘flange ﻫ翼缘板 flaｎge plａｔe弦杆 chorｄmember腹杆wｅb memｂer斜杆 diagｏｎal ｍｅmber ﻫ竖杆 veｒtｉcａl membｅr ﻫ吊杆 suｓpender haｎgeｒ加劲杆 stｉffener节点 pａnｅｌpoint ﻫ节点板gｕsｓｅｔ pl ａtｅﻫ拼接板 spｌice plaｔe ﻫ缀条 lacing bar缀板 sｔａｙ platｅ；tｉe plate ﻫ侧向水平联结系 lateral ｂｒacing ﻫ横联ｓway ｂraｃiｎｇﻫ制动撑架braking ｂraｃinｇﻫ桥门架porｔal frａme纵梁stｒingｅr横梁ｆloor beam; traｎｓverｓe bｅam桥面系fｌooｒｓyｓtem ﻫ端横梁 enｄ fｌoo ｒ beam ﻫ起重横梁 jaｃｋing ｆｌoor beam 梁端缓冲梁 auxilｉａry ｇirder for contｒo ｌling ａngｌｅ chaｎge应变时效ｓtrain ａgeｉｎg ﻫ碳当量ｃａrbｏn equivalｅｎｔ钢丝ｓtｅel ｗire ﻫ钢丝束 bundｌed steel ｗｉres ﻫ钢绞线ｓｔeelｓtrａnd ﻫ钢筋reinforcemenｔ; sｔeｅｌ bar箍筋 stirｒuｐ纵向钢筋 longitudiｎal rｅinforcement ﻫ弯起钢筋 benｔ-uｐｂar ﻫ架立钢筋 erectiｏn barﻫ构造钢筋cｏnｓtructioｎａl reｉnforcemeｎt预应力筋tｅndoｎ套管ｓheaｔｈ梁腋 hａuncｈﻫ拱圈 arch ring ﻫ拱肋 arｃh r ｉb ﻫ拱顶 rａch crown ﻫ拱矢ｒise of aｒｃh起拱点 sｐrｉnｇiｎg拱腹ｓoｆfｉｔﻫ拱腹线iｎtraｄoｓ拱背钱 eｘtradｏs桥塔bｒidge toｗer; ｐyloｎﻫ索平面 cable pｌａnｅﻫ缆索ｃaｂle ﻫ斜缆ｓtａy cａble；inclined cａｂｌｅﻫ吊缆 suspeｎsiｏn caｂle ﻫ索鞍caｂｌe saｄdle索夹 cable ｂanｄ; ｃablｅ claｍｐ锚座socｋｅt锚碇 anchoｒage明桥面oｐｅn dｅｃk;ballａsｔｌｅss deck; oｐeｎｆｌoor桥梁道碴槽balｌａst trｏugｈﻫ道碴桥面 b ａllaｓted deck; bａlｌaｓtｅd fｌｏｏr桥梁护轨guarｄ rａiｌ of ｂｒiｄｇe ﻫ桥梁护木ｇuarｄ timbｅr oｆ brｉdge桥枕ｂｒiｄｇe tｉe；briｄge sleepeｒﻫ桥上人行道 sidewalk oｎｂridｇｅ步行板 fooｔ planｋﻫ避车台 refuge platform ﻫ伸缩缝expaｎｓｉon jｏinｔﻫ正交异性板ｏrtｈotropｉc plaｔｅﻫ栏杆 raｉlｉng; handraｉl; hａnｄrａilinｇ泻水孔draｉnａge oｐeｎing直结轨道 track fａｓtenｅd ｄirｅｃｔly to steel girders ﻫ抗剪连接件;抗剪结合件ｓｈｅar conｎectｏｒﻫ支座ｂｅarinｇ固定支座 fixed beaｒing活动支座ｅxpenｓion ｂearinｇ; mｏvable bearing ﻫ平板支座plate bearing摇轴芝座 rocｋer bearing ﻫ滚轴支座 roｌｌer ｂｅａriｎg ﻫ球面支座 spherｉｃal bｅar ｉnｇ板式橡胶支座lａminated rubbｅｒ beａring盆式橡胶支座ｐot rubｂeｒｂearinｇ聚四氯乙烯支座 poly-tetｒafｌuｏrｏedthyｌene ｂeａring; PTFE bearing涡流激振ｗortex-excｉtｅｄ osｃilｌatｉon 弛振 galloｐing ﻫ颤振 flｕｔteｒ扰流板ｓｐoｉｌer ﻫ风嘴ｗind faｉｒｉng ﻫ桥梁自振周期 natuｒaｌ viｂratiｏn pｅriod oｆｂｒidge浮运架桥法 bridge ereｃｔｉon ｂy floatiｎｇ架桥机架设法ｅrｅction bｙbｒidｇe girder ｅrectinｇｅｑuipment ﻫ顶推式架设法ｅrecｔioｎbｙｉnｃreｍeｎtａｌla ｕｎchｉng ﻫ拖拉架设法launcｈiｎg meｔhod 赝架式架设法 erｅction with scａffｏlｄin ｇﻫ悬臂架设法 catileｖer ｅｒection; ere ｃｔiｏn by prｏtrusioｎ悬臂灌注法 cast-in-ｐlaｃｅ cantilｅvｅr conｓtruction; frｅe cantileveｒseｇmｅntal concreting wｉｔh ｓｕspｅｎｄed fｏrmwork ﻫ悬臂拼装法ｃaｎtilｅｖeｒed ａsｓｅｍｂling constrｕｔiｏn; ｆreｅｃaｎtｉlever ｅrｅｃtioｎ with segmeｎts of precast ｃｏｎｃreｔe预制混凝土构件ｐrｅｃaｓｔ concrete uｎiｔs； prｅcast concｒｅｔe ｍｅｍbers ﻫ活动模架逐跨施工法 segmenｔaｌspａn－bｙ-ｓｐａn coｎstruction usinｇfｏrｍ tｒaｖｅller桥梁合龙closure就地贯注法caｓｔ-iｎ-plaｃe methｏｄ; cａsｔ－ｉn-sｉtu method活动吊篮ｔｒａvellｉng cradle顶进法 jａｃk－in meｔｈod旋转法施工;转体施工 erｅcｔiｏn ｂy swing ｍethod ﻫ液压式张拉千斤顶 hｙdｒaulｉc tensioｎiｎg ｊａck桥梁下部结构 suｂｓtructure桥台ａｂｕtment重力式桥台 gｒavitｙａｂutmｅｎt ﻫ埋置式桥台ｂurｉｅd aｂutmｅnｔ锚定板式桥台 anｃhor ｓlab abutmentU形桥台Ｕ-shapeｄ abutmeｎt耳墙式桥台abｕtｍenｔwithｃａntｉlevereｄｒｅｔaiｎｉｎg wａｌｌﻫ台身aｂutment body前墙ｆrｏｎｔ waｌl台帽 abｕtment coｐing ﻫ翼墙 wing ｗａｌl ﻫ锥体护坡 quａｄｒａnt revｅtｍenｔ; trunca ｔeｄcｏnｅbaｎｋing ﻫ台后填方 fiｌlｉng ｂehiｎｄ abutmeｎt ﻫ桥墩pieｒ空心桥墩 hｏlｌow pieｒﻫ实体桥墩 soｌid p ｉer ﻫ重力式桥墩ｇravity ｐieｒﻫ柔性桥墩flｅｘiblｅ pier拼装式桥墩assｅmbly pier; pier cｏｎstructed wｉth precast units ﻫ制动墩braｋｉｎg pier柱式桥墩columｎpier ﻫV形桥墩V－sｈaped pier圆端形桥墩ｒouｎd-ended pier圆形桥墩 circulａr pieｒﻫ矩形桥墩 reｃtan ｇｕlａｒｐｉer排架式桥墩pｉlｅ beｎt ｐier墩身pier bｏｄy；ｐier shaｆt ﻫ墩帽 piｅr copｉng围栏 raiｌing ａroｕnｄ cｏpiｎg oｆpieｒｏr ａbｕtｍｅnt承台ｂｅaｒinｇ platforｍﻫ破冰体 icｅapron; iｃe-bｒｅakｉng cuｔｗater; iｃe guard ﻫ地基ｆｏundaｔｉon; foｕｎｄａtiｏn sｏｉl; ｓubgraｄe加固地基 imｐrｏved ｆoundation; iｍｐrovedｇrounｄﻫ天然地基naｔｕral founｄaｔion；natｕｒal grounｄ桥梁基础briｄge fｏuｎdaｔion ﻫ扩大基础ｓprｅad foundatｉon明挖基础ｏpen－ｃut foundation; opｅｎ ex ｃavation foundaｔiｏn ﻫ沉井基础 oｐeｎｃａｉsｓoｎｆｏuｎdatｉon ﻫ浮式沉井基础floatiｎg ｃaiｓsoｎfoundａtioｎ沉井刃脚 cｕttiｎg eｄge of opeｎ caisson ﻫ围堰 cｏｆferdａm ﻫ双壁钢围堰钻孔基础 double wall steeｌ coｆferｄam bｏｒed foundatｉon预制钢壳钻孔基础ｐrefabｒicａteｄ stｅel shelｌ boｒed ｆｏｕｎｄatｉｏｎﻫ泥浆套沉井法 sluｒｒy jacｋet ｍetｈod foｒｓiｎking caisson空气幕沉井法 air curtain methoｄｆor sｉnki ｎg caisｓon沉箱基础 pｎeumaｔｉc cａｉsson fｏuｎｄatioｎﻫ管柱基础tubular ｃolumn founｄation桩基础 pｉle fｏundatioｎﻫ预制桩 precast piｌe ﻫ就地灌注桩ｃａsｔ-in－pｌaｃe concr ｅte ｐｉle; cast-ｉn-ｓitu cｏncreｔｅpilｅﻫ螺旋喷射桩ａuger ｉｎjeｃｔed ｐile ﻫ摩擦桩ｆriｃtｉｏn ｐile支承桩 beａｒing pilｅﻫ钻孔桩 bｏred ｐile挖孔桩ｄug pilｅﻫ钢桩sｔeel pile钢管桩ｓｔｅｅl pｉpe pile钢板桩steｅl shｅｅt pile ﻫ板桩 sheｅt pile ﻫ木桩 tｉmｂｅr pｉｌe ﻫ钢筋混凝土桩ｒeｉnforced concrｅｔe piｌe砂桩sａｎd pile挤密砂桩sand ｃｏnpａction pilｅ流砂 quicｋｓaｎd; drift sanｄ送桩pilｅ fｏllowｅr试桩ｔｅsｔpilｅﻫ斜桩bａtter pile; raking pｉle； sｐur pile护筒 pile castｉｎｇ重锤夯实法 heavｙ tａmpｉｎg ｍetｈod ﻫ灰土换填夯实法 mｏｔｈod of ｌｉme－ｓoil ｒeplacｅmｅnt anｄ taｍpinｇ灌注水下混凝土underwaｔer conｃｒetinｇ; ｃoncrｅｔｉｎg with tremie ｍeｔhｏd ﻫ导流建筑物 regｕｌating struｃture丁坝;挑水坝ｓpur ｄike ﻫ顺坝 lｏngitudiｎａl dam河床铺砌 riveｒ bed pａｖｉｎｇ码头whａｒf排架bｅnt脚手架 scａffolｄﻫ悬空脚手架 haｎgiｎｇ s ｔａgｅ; hａngｉnｇ sｃaffold七、铁路涵洞 rａｉlway ｃulvert ﻫ涵洞孔径 ap ｅrtuｒe of culｖerｔﻫ管涵ｐipe culｖert 箱涵 box culvｅrt ﻫ拱涵 arch ｃuｌverｔﻫ盖板涵 slab culvｅrt无压力涵洞ｉnlet unｓubｍergｅd cuｌｖert ﻫ压力式涵洞 outｌet submｅｒged ｃulｖer ｔﻫ半压力式涵洞 iｎｌet subｍｅrged culｖert明渠open cｈａnnel； opｅn ditch; opｅn d ｒaｉｎ倒虹吸管 inｖertｅd siphon潮汐河流 tidａl riｖer淤积ｓｉltｉng; sｉltａtion流冰 iｃｅｄrift铁路轮渡 railwａy car ｆｅｒries ﻫ轮渡站fｅrｒｙ statｉｏn ﻫ轮渡栈桥 ferry tｒｅｓｔｌe bridｇe ﻫ渡轮ferry ｂoat轮渡引线;轮渡斜引道 fｅrry sｌip ﻫ八、铁路隧道 rａilwａy tunnel ﻫ山岭隧道ｍountain ｔuｎnｅl越岭隧道ｏvｅr mｏuntａｉｎ line tunｎel ﻫ水下隧道;水地隧道ｓubaｑueｏｕs tunnｅl；underwater tunnel ﻫ地铁隧道 subwａy tuｎne; undergroｕnd rａilwａｙ tuｎnｅｌﻫ浅埋隧道shallｏｗtuｎnel; shａllow-deptｈtunnel; shalloｗburyｉｎg tunnel深埋隧道deep tｕnｎel； deep-deptｈtun ｎｅl; deｅｐ bｕｒyｉｎg ｔunnel单线隧道sinｇle track tunnel ﻫ双线隧道double ｔraｃk ｔｕnｎel多线隧道mulｔiｐｌe track ｔunｎｅl ﻫ车站隧道ｓtａｔiｏｎ tｕｎnel ﻫ地铁车站 suｂｗaｙｓtａｔｉon; meｔｒｏstａｔioｎ特长隧道ｓupeｒｌong tunnｅl长隧道 loｎg tｕnｎel ﻫ中长隧道ｍｅdｉuｍtｕnnｅｌ短隧道 sｈort tunnel隧道群 tunnel gｒoup地铁工程ｓubwａy eｎgineeｒiｎg; mｅtro ｅｎgineerｉｎg洞口 tｕｎne lａdit; ｔｕnneｌｏpening 隧道进口 tunneｌ enｔrance ﻫ隧道出口 tuｎne ｌeｘit ﻫ迎坡；正面坡 fｒｏnt ｓlope ﻫ洞门ｔｕｎｎｅl ｐortａl洞门框 tunnel portaｌframe端墙式洞门eｎd wａlｌｔｕnｎel ｐorｔal ﻫ柱式洞门 poｓｔ tｕnｎeｌ pｏｒtaｌﻫ翼墙式洞门wing wall ｔunnel pｏrtａl耳墙式洞门 ear wall tunnｅｌ porｔal台阶式洞门 bench tｕnnel portal ﻫ正洞门ortｈonｏｒmａl ｔunｎel poｒtal; ｓtraight tunnel pｏrｔａｌﻫ斜洞门ｓkew t ｕｎnｅl pｏrｔal ﻫ明洞门 open-ｃuｔ-tｕnn ｅｌ poｒｔaｌ；gallery portal衬砌ｌiniｎg ﻫ拱圈 arcｈﻫ边墙sidｅwa ｌl ﻫ仰拱inｖert； inｖerted arch ﻫ底板floor ﻫ整体式衬砌integｒal liniｎｇ装配式衬砌 pｒｅcaｓt lｉning； prefabrｉc ａted linｉng ﻫ模筑衬砌 mouｌdｅd liniｎｇﻫ洞口段衬砌liｎinｇｏf tunnｅｌ porｔａl section偏压衬砌ｕｎｓｙｍmetricaｌly ｌoadinｇｌininｇ; eccentｒicallｙ pressed lining 组合衬砌;复合衬砌pｏsitｅ lｉninｇﻫ初期支护 primaｒy support ﻫ二次衬砌secｏｎdａｒy liniｎｇ隔离层ｉsoｌation layｅｒﻫ喷锚衬砌 sｈorcｒete bolt ｌｉniｎg下锚段衬砌;接触网锚段衬砌 anchoｒ-section linｉｎg ﻫ挤压混凝土衬砌 eｘｔruｄing conc ｒｅte ｔｕnnel liniｎg ﻫ隔热层tｈｅｒma ｌ insｕlatｉoｎｌayer明洞opｅｎ－cut tuｎnel; tunneｌ witｈout cｏver; gaｌｌeｒy ﻫ拱形明洞 arch open ｃut tｕnnel； arch tｕnｎel ｗithｏut cover; arch gａllery棚洞ｓhed tunnｅl; ｓheｄ galｌerｙﻫ路堑式明洞cuｔ-ｔype open cｕt ｔｕnnel；cut-typｅｔｕnnel withｏut ｃover; ｃuｔ-type gaｌlｅry ﻫ半路堑式明洞 paｒt cut-t ｙｐe oｐen ｃut tunｎel; parｔ cut-tｙpe ｔunnel ｗithoｕt covｅr；ｐart cuｔ-ｔyp ｅ gａllｅryﻫ抗滑明洞 aｎｔi－ｓkｉd-typｅopen cｕt ｔｕnnel; anti－skｉd－ｔype tunnel without cover；anｔi-skid－typｅgallery ﻫ盖板式棚洞 slab shed ｔｕｎnｅｌ；slab shed gallerｙ刚架式棚洞 fｒamed sheｄtunｎel；ｆｒame ｄ sｈed galleｒy ﻫ悬臂式棚洞caｎｔileve ｒshed tunｎｅl；cａntileveｒ sheｄ ga ｌlery ﻫ隧道专家系统ｅxpert ｓｙstｅm of ｔ。
铁道机车专业英语词汇-铁路供电系统
It primarily consists of power conversion technology at sub-stations 变电站 feeding 喂养，馈入（供电） circuits for DC and AC feeding systems, and the structure 结构, materials 材料, measurement 测量 and maintenance 维护 of the electric overhead lines. 它主要包括变电站直流和交流供电系统供电电路的功率转换技 术，以及架空电力线路的结构、材料、测量和维护。
tractive force
牵引力
suitable for
适应…的
as a consequence [ˈkɑ:nsəkwens] n.推论，结果
因而，结果
electric train
电动火车，电气列车
• 电动机的核心部件是定子和转子，定子上面镶嵌的有线圈，线圈在通 电以后会产生N和S极磁场，一个N或者一个S就是电动机产生磁场的极 数；由一个N极和一个S极就组成了一个极对数。
n.变电站 adj.电流的 adj.两极的 n.隧道 n.新干线 n.硅 n.谐波 adj. 动力（学）的 n&vt.抵消
electric power
电力，电功率
refers[rɪˈfɚ] vi.提到，针对 to
引用
power conversion
能量转换
overhead line
架空线
years ago
sub-station sub- [sʌb]在…以下，分支，分部 voltaic [vɒl'teɪk] bipolar [ˌbaɪˈpoʊlər] tunnel [ˈtʌnəl] shinkansen silicon [ˈsɪlɪkən] harmonics [hɑ:'mɒnɪks] kinetic [kɪˈnɛtɪk] offset [ˈɔ:fset]
铁路专业词汇
1铁道，又称铁路铁路线铁路网铁道科学铁路技术铁路等级国有铁路地方铁路私有铁路合资铁路准轨铁路窄轨铁路米轨铁路宽轨铁路单线铁路双线铁路多线铁路重载铁路高速铁路电气化铁路，又称‘电力铁道’干线铁路市郊铁路地下铁道，简称地铁工业企业铁路矿山铁路轻轨铁路高架铁路单轨铁路，又称‘独轨铁路’磁浮铁路森林铁路山区铁路即有铁路新建铁路改建铁路运营铁路专用铁路干线支线铁路专用线货运专线客运专线客货运混合线路铁路运营长度，又称‘运营里程’列车运行图铁路建筑长度区间区段轨距轮重轴重最大轴重限制轴重限界限界图铁路建筑限界基本建筑限界桥梁建筑限界隧道建筑限界铁路机车车辆限界机车车辆上部限界机车车辆下部限界装载限界阔大货物限界接触网限界列车与线路相互作用轮轨关系粘着系数车轮滑行车轮空转牵引种类牵引方式牵引定数装载系数速度持续速度限制速度均衡速度构造速度最高速度临界速度重载列车高速列车超长超重列车列车正面冲突列车尾追列车尾部防护伸缩运动蛇行运动列车压缩列车拉伸列车分离列车颠覆列车动力学列车空气动力学机车车辆振动纵向振动横向振动垂向振动摆滚振动浮沉振动侧滚振动侧摆振动点头振动摇头振动机车车辆共振机车车辆冲击纵向冲击横向冲击垂向冲击货运站综合作业自动化行车指挥自动化编组场综合作业自动化铁路运营信息系统铁路数据交换系统运营系统模拟铁路法铁道法规铁路条例铁路技术管理规程综合运输国际铁路联运大陆桥，又称“洲际铁路”国际联运协定国际联运议定书国际铁路联运公约22.1铁路新线建设铁路技术改造铁路主要技术条件单位工程分部工程分项工程预可行性研究项目建议书可行性研究设计阶段三阶段设计两阶段设计一阶段设计初步设计技术设计扩大初步设计施工图设计变更设计设计概算个别概算综合概算总概算修正总概算调整总概算投资检算预算定额投资估算估算指标机械台班定额工程直接费工程间接费工程预备费设计鉴定竣工决算铁路用地铁路勘测调查测绘地形调查地貌调查地质调查经济调查水文地质调查土石成分调查土石物理力学性质土石分类地基承载力隧道围岩分级地质图测绘勘探挖探钻探物探室内测试原位测试静力触探动力触探试验标准贯入试验区域地质工程地质不良地质特殊地质工程地质条件气象资料冻结深度地震基本烈度工程地质图地层柱状图洪水调查河道调查冰凌调查汇水区流域特征调查水文断面主河槽设计流速设计高程，又称“设计标高”河流比降历史洪水位最高水位通航水位桥涵水文水力半径桥前壅水高度桥渡勘测设计水面坡度泥石流流域分水岭汇水面积洪水频率设计流量设计水位施工水位设计洪水过程线容许冲刷一般冲刷局部冲刷2.2铁路测量线路踏勘，又称“草测”初测定测导线测量光电导线地形测量横断面测量线路测量既有线测量，又称“旧线测量”线路复测测量精度均方[误]差，又称“中误差”最大误差，又称“极限误差”中线测量中线桩加桩外移桩水准点高程测量，又称“基平”中桩高程测量，又称“中平”曲线控制点放线交点副交点转向角分转向角坐标方位角象限角经纬距断链断高铁路航空摄影测量，简称“铁路航测”铁路航空勘测航带设计铁路工程地质遥感测段航测选线航测外控点全球定位系统编辑复照图，又称“像片索引图”三角测量精密导线测量三角高程测量隧道洞外控制测量隧道洞内控制测量，又称“贯通测量”隧道洞口投点桥轴线测量2.3铁路选线平原地区选线越岭选线山区河谷选线丘陵地段选线工程地质选线线间距[离]车站分布方案比选投资回收期纸上定线缓坡地段紧坡地段非紧坡地段导向线拔起高度，又称“克服高度”横断面选线展线展线系数套线线路平面图线路纵断面图站坪长度站坪坡度最小曲线半径圆曲线单曲线缓和曲线缓和曲线半径变更率复曲线同向曲线反向曲线夹直线坡度人字坡限制坡度加力牵引坡度最大坡度临界坡度长大坡道动力坡度均衡坡度有害地段无害地段变坡点坡段坡段长度坡度[代数]差竖曲线分坡平段缓和坡度起动缓坡加速缓坡坡度折减曲线折减隧道坡度折减绕行地段换侧，又称“换边”容许应力设计法破损阶段设计法极限状态设计法概率极限状态设计法，又称“可靠度设计法”地震系数法2.4路基岩石路基非渗水土路基特殊土路基软土地基路基泥沼地区路基膨胀土地区路基盐渍土地区路基多年冻土路基特殊条件下的路基河滩路基滨河路基水库路基崩塌地段路基盐堆地段路基滑坡地段路基岩溶地段路基，又称“客斯特地段路基”洞穴地段路基风沙地段路基雪害地段路基泥石流地段路基路基横断面路基面路基面宽度路拱路肩路肩高程路堤路堑半堤半堑基床基床表层基床底层一般路基最小填筑高度临界高度基底路堤边坡坡脚护道取土坑路堤填料填料分类岩块填料细粒土填料压实标准相对密度压实系数最佳含水量最佳密度核子密度湿度测定路基承载板测定预留沉落量反压护道石灰砂桩换土爆破排淤抛石排淤路堑石方爆破定向爆破浅孔爆破深孔爆破洞室药包爆破扬弃爆破抛掷爆破松动爆破药壶爆破裸露药包爆破路堑边坡堑顶路堑平台弃土堆挡土墙重力式挡土墙衡重式挡土墙锚定板挡土墙加筋土挡土墙锚杆挡墙管柱挡墙沉井挡墙抗滑桩护墙护坡排水沟边沟，又称“侧沟”天沟吊沟跌水截水沟急流槽排水槽渗水暗沟渗水隧洞渗井渗管平孔排水反滤层检查井沙井，又称“排水砂井”隔断层透水路堤渗水路堤排水沙垫层坡面防护护岸导流堤拦石墙落石槽柴排固沙造林挡风墙防风栅栏砂土液化中-活载桥梁标准活载桥梁荷载谱换算均布活载设计荷载恒载土压力静水压力浮力列车活载列车离心力列车冲击力，又称“冲击荷载”冲击系数人行道荷载附加力列车制动力列车牵引力风（荷）载列车横向摇摆力流水压力冰压力冻胀力特殊荷载船只或排筏的撞击力地震力地震烈度地震震级施工荷载荷载组合2.5铁路桥公铁两用桥跨线桥，又称“立交桥”高架桥旱桥人行桥坞工桥钢桥铆接钢桥栓接钢桥全焊钢桥摩擦结合式高强度螺栓扭剪式高强度螺栓螺栓示工扳手混凝土桥钢筋混凝土桥预应力混凝土桥先张法预应力梁后张法预应力梁部分预应力混凝土桥结合梁桥低高度梁无碴无枕梁型钢混凝土梁，又称“劲性骨架混凝土梁”简支梁桥连续梁桥悬臂梁桥板桥空心板桥板梁工形梁箱形梁槽形梁桁架拆装式桁架钢架桥，又称“刚构桥”斜腿刚架桥，又称“斜腿刚构桥”悬板桥，又称“悬带桥”悬索桥，又称“吊桥”斜拉桥，又称“斜张桥”浮桥拱桥固端拱，又称“无铰拱”双铰拱三铰拱实腹拱空腹拱双曲拱系杆拱，又称“刚性系杆柔性拱桥”朗格尔式桥，又称“刚性系杆柔性拱桥”洛泽式桥,又称“直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥”尼尔森体系桥尼尔森式洛泽梁桥,又称“直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥”活动桥竖旋桥平旋桥升降桥正交桥斜交桥曲线桥曲梁特大桥大桥中桥小桥单线桥双线桥多线桥正桥，又称“主桥”引桥上承式桥半穿式桥，又称“中承式桥”下承式桥双层桥永久性桥临时性桥，又称“便桥”跨径，又称“跨度”净跨桥梁全长桥下净空主梁中心距节间长度梁高拱度挠度节间锚跨，又称“锚孔”悬跨，又称“吊孔”桥梁上部结构腹板翼缘翼缘板弦杆腹杆斜杆竖杆吊杆加劲杆节点节点板拼接板缀条缀板侧向水平联结系横联制动撑架桥门架纵梁横梁桥面系端横梁起重横梁梁端缓冲梁应变时效碳当量钢丝钢丝束钢绞线钢筋箍筋纵向钢筋弯起钢筋架立钢筋构造钢筋预应力筋套管梁腋[桥涵]拱圈拱肋拱顶拱矢起拱点拱腹拱腹线拱背线桥塔索平面缆索斜缆吊缆索鞍索夹锚座锚碇明桥面桥梁道碴槽道碴桥面桥梁护轨桥梁护木桥枕桥上人行道步行板避车台伸缩缝正交异性板栏杆泄水孔直结轨道抗剪连接件，又称“抗剪结合件”支座固定支座活动支座平板支座摇轴支座滚轴支座球面支座板式橡胶支座盆式橡胶支座聚四氟乙烯支座涡流激振驰振颤振扰流板风嘴桥梁自振周期浮运架桥法架桥机架设法顶推式架设法拖拉架设法膺架式架设法悬臂架设法悬臂灌注法悬臂拼装法预制混凝土构件活动模架逐跨施工法桥梁合龙就地灌筑法活动吊篮顶进法旋转法施工，又称“转体施工”液压式张拉千斤顶桥梁下部结构桥台重力式桥台埋置式桥台锚定板式桥台U形桥台耳墙式桥台台身前墙台帽锥体护坡台后填方桥墩空心桥墩实体桥墩重力式桥墩柔性[桥]墩拼装式桥墩制动墩柱式桥墩V型桥墩圆端形桥墩圆形桥墩矩形桥墩排架式桥墩墩身墩帽围栏承台破冰体地基加固地基天然地基桥梁基础扩大基础明挖基础沉井基础浮式沉井基础沉井刃脚围堰双壁钢围堰钻孔基础预制钢壳钻孔基础泥浆套沉井法空气幕沉井法沉箱基础管柱基础柱基础预制桩就地灌注桩螺旋喷射桩摩擦桩支承桩挖孔桩钢桩钢管桩钢板桩板桩木桩钢筋混凝土桩砂桩挤密砂桩流砂送桩试桩斜桩护筒重锤夯实法灰土换填夯实法灌筑水下混凝土导流建筑物丁坝，又称“挑水坝”顺坝河床铺砌码头排架脚手架悬空脚手架铁路涵洞涵洞孔径管涵箱涵拱涵盖板涵无压力涵洞压力式涵洞半压力式涵洞明渠倒虹吸管潮汐河流淤积流冰铁路轮渡轮渡站轮渡栈桥轮渡引线，又称“轮渡斜引道”2.6铁路隧道山岭隧道越岭隧道水下隧道，又称“水底隧道”地铁隧道浅埋隧道深埋隧道单线隧道双线隧道多线隧道车站隧道地铁车站特长隧道长隧道中长隧道短隧道隧道群地铁工程洞口隧道进口隧道出口仰坡，又称“正面坡”洞门洞门框端墙式洞门柱式洞门翼墙式洞门耳墙式洞门台阶式洞门正洞门斜洞门明洞门衬砌[隧道]拱圈边墙仰拱底板整体式衬砌装配式衬砌模筑衬砌洞口段衬砌偏压衬砌组合衬砌，又称“复合衬砌”初期支护二次衬砌隔离层喷锚支护下锚段衬砌,又称"接触网锚段衬砌"挤压混凝土衬砌隔热层明洞拱形明洞棚洞路堑式明洞半路堑式明洞抗滑明洞盖板式棚洞刚架式棚洞悬臂式棚洞隧道专家系统围岩围岩压力地层压力松弛压力形变压力围岩自承能力坑道自稳时间弹性抗力灌浆压力落石冲击力隧道埋置深度，简称“埋深”地温梯度地应力预留变形量暗挖法明挖法矿山法钻[眼]爆[破]法新奥法喷锚构筑法掘进机法盾构法沉管法地下连续墙法分部开挖法台阶法正台阶法反台阶法导坑上下导坑法上导坑法漏斗棚架法蘑菇形开挖法侧壁导坑法单侧导坑法双侧导坑法品字形导坑法眼镜式开挖法超前导坑扩大拉槽马口控制爆破光面爆破预裂爆破先墙后拱法先拱后墙法开挖工作面超挖欠挖找顶出碴有轨运输无轨运输拱圈封顶墙顶封口喷射混凝土回弹隧道贯通隧道贯通误差隧道贯通面临时支护构件支撑钢拱支撑喷射混凝土支护锚杆支护喷锚支护，又称“锚喷支护”系统锚杆超前支护超前锚杆插板支护小导管预注浆管棚支护格构拱，又称“钢花拱”、“格棚拱”喷射混凝土干喷混凝土湿喷混凝土潮喷混凝土，又称“半湿喷混凝土”喷射钢纤维混凝土防水混凝土预切槽辅助坑道竖井斜井横洞平行导坑横通道调查坑道竖井联系测量隧道防水防水等级防水层防水板防水涂层隧道压浆止水带盲沟泄水洞隧道运营通风自然通风机械通风风道式通风隧道通风帘幕列车活塞作用隧道射流式通风隧道通风试验隧道施工通风风管式通风巷道式通风隧道照明隧道防灾设施避车洞隧道火灾隧道报警装置隧道消防系统隧道瓦斯爆炸隧道监控量测隧道地表沉陷隧道拱顶下沉隧道底鼓隧道周边位移隧道地中位移隧道改建隧道落底隧道挑顶隧道套拱2.7施工调查施工准备征地拆迁租地交接桩施工复测测量放样土[石]方调配土[石]方体积图，又称“土积图”隐蔽工程废弃工程工程运输冬季施工雨季施工工程招标工程投标工程报价工程发包工程承包工程监理总预算单项预算建筑业总产值指导性施工组织设计实施性施工组织设计临时工程大型临时工程小型临时工程过渡工程控制工程关键工程辅助设施通车期限施工总工期施工组织方案开工报告竣工报告施工计划管理网络计划技术施工工艺流程工法制度施工产值施工利润施工机械利用率施工机械完好率施工形象进度2.8挖掘机单斗挖土机索铲挖土机反铲挖土机蛤壳式抓斗推土机铲运机装载机带式输送机平地机振动辗压机压路机潜孔钻机凿岩机碎石机挖沟机塔式起重机汽车式起重机轮胎式起重机履带式起重机轨道起重机浮式起重机，又称“浮吊”缆索起重机空中索道电动卷扬机电动吊车，又称“电动葫芦”千斤顶打桩机蒸汽打桩机柴油打桩机液压打桩机振动打桩机振动沉拔桩机静压力拔桩机履带式桩架旋转式钻机潜水钻机套管钻机冲击式钻机离心水泵真空水泵深井水泵轴流水泵潜水泵往复式空气压缩机螺杆式空气压缩机单转子滑片式空压机水泥输送泵混凝土搅拌机鼓筒式混凝土搅拌机锥形反转出料混凝土搅拌机锥形倾翻出料混凝土搅拌机强制式混凝土搅拌机混凝土搅拌楼简易混凝土搅拌站混凝土搅拌运输车混凝土输送泵混凝土泵车混凝土吊斗钢筋调直机钢筋切断机钢筋弯曲机钢筋冷拉机插入式混凝土振捣器附着式混凝土振捣器平板式混凝工混凝土振动台长线张拉台座斜撑桅杆式架梁起重机全回转式架梁起重机双悬臂式架桥机单梁式架桥机双梁式架桥机组拼式架桥机造桥机工程船舶舟桥浮箱万能杆件模板组合钢模板滑动模板爬升模板砌拱支架，又称“碗扣式脚手架”风镐凿岩台车，又称“钻孔台车”立爪式装岩机蟹爪式装岩机梭式矿车槽式列车电瓶车斗车大型矿车装岩机干喷混凝土机湿喷混凝土机半湿喷混凝土机喷射混凝土机械手风动凿岩机手持式凿岩机通风机注浆机注浆泵隧道衬砌模板台车隧道掘进机盾构接触网架线车接触网作业车自卸汽车斗式提升机2.9安全技术措施安全教育事故报告灾害性地质突泥突水冒顶岩爆瓦斯突出瓦斯浓度掏底开挖，俗称“挖神仙土施工防护线路封锁防护音响信号覆盖防护近体防护安全标志停车防护安全距离人员掩蔽所待避所安全地点安全帽安全绳安全网保险带安全梯防护栏杆安全用电安全电压消防设施防火门消防器材隔火带防火净距瓦斯治理安全炸药湿式凿岩防尘防滑鞋绝缘鞋防坠器阻车器安全装置救生设施防雷装置保护地线保护接地触电保安器防爆设施质量管理质量保证质量控制质量体系质量监督工程质量检验隐蔽工程检查取样试验检查目测丈量仪器检查全检抽检工程质量评定工程质量验收随工验收中间验收缺陷工程合格工程样板工程优质工程，又称“优良工程”施工验收33.1工务段养路领工区养路工区养路领工员养路工长养路工巡道工道口看守工桥隧巡守工3.2轨道，曾用名“线路上部建筑”轨道类型轨道结构有碴轨道无碴轨道线路有缝线路无缝线路长轨线路轨排轨节长轨条轨道几何形位轨距加宽螺旋曲线三次抛物线曲线曲线超高欠超高过超高反超高未被平衡离心加速度曲线正矢轨道力学轨道动力学轨道强度计算轨道几何状态恶化轨道失效轨道框架刚度道床系数钢轨基础模量钢轨支点弹性模量轨道应力轨道稳定性接头阻力道床阻力扣件扣压力轮/轨接触应力钢轨轨头轨腰轨底淬火轨合金轨合金淬火轨耐磨轨耐腐蚀轨标准长度钢轨短轨缩短轨异形轨护轨轨底坡钢轨工作边轨缝，又称“接头缝”构造轨缝钢轨接头相对式接头相错式接头，又称“相互式接头垫接接头，又称“承接接头”悬接接头绝缘接头胶结绝缘接头焊接接头冻结接头异型接头钢轨伸缩调接器，又称“温度调节器”接头联结零件接头夹板，曾用名“鱼尾板”平型双头夹板轨头底面接触夹板，又称“楔型接头夹板”轨腹上圆弧接触夹板，又称“铰型接头夹板”带裙鱼尾板异型接头夹板接头螺栓，曾用名“鱼尾螺栓”钩螺栓扣件，又称“中间联结零件”分开式扣件不分开式扣件半分开式扣件弹性扣件道钉，又称“狗头钉”，“钩头钉”弹簧道钉螺纹道钉螺栓螺纹钉垫板橡胶垫板，又称“弹性垫板衬垫冻害垫板弹簧垫圈防爬器穿销防爬器弹簧防爬器防爬支撑轨撑轨距杆绝缘轨距杆轨下基础轨枕宽混凝土轨枕，曾用名“轨枕板”纵向轨枕板式轨道木枕，又称“枕木”油枕素枕钢枕混凝土枕岔枕短枕枕盒，曾用名“枕木盒”道床整体道床沥青道床道碴层，曾用名“道碴床”道碴道碴级配洛杉矶磨损试验碎石道碴矿渣道碴卵石道碴砂道碴底碴道床厚度道床宽度道床碴肩轮轨游间曲线内接强制内接楔形内接静力内接动力内接轨道不平顺静态不平顺动态不平顺轨道几何尺寸容许公差轨道变形轨道残余变形弹性挤开轨道水平，又称“左右水平”轨道方向轨道前后高低，简称“前后高低”三角坑，又称“扭曲”轨道明坑轨道暗坑，又称“空吊板”翻浆冒泥钢轨低接头接头瞎缝大轨缝线路爬行轨道鼓出，俗称“跑道”轨头总磨损，曾用名“轨头总磨耗”轨头垂直磨损，曾用名“轨头垂直磨耗”轨头侧面磨损，曾用名“轨头侧面磨耗”轨头波形磨损，曾用名“轨头波浪形磨耗”轨头波纹磨损轨头短波浪磨损轨头长波浪磨损轨端马鞍形磨损轨头肥边错牙接头钢轨伤损钢轨擦伤钢轨锈蚀白点核伤轨头剥离轨头掉块轨头压溃轨头垂直劈裂轨头微细裂纹轨端崩裂钢轨打标记轨端削角，又称“轨端倒棱”螺栓孔削角，又称“螺栓孔倒棱”螺栓孔加强轨头水平劈裂轨腰劈裂钢轨裂纹轨头发裂轨底崩裂钢轨折断钢轨落锤试验螺孔裂纹线路大修线路中修线路维修找小坑全面起道捣固起道落道垫砂起道改道拨道整正水平整正曲线绳正法整正曲线绳度整正曲线计算器调整轨缝，又称“均匀轨缝”整正轨缝矫直钢轨焊修钢轨，又称“堆焊钢轨”打磨钢轨轨头整形轨头非对称断面打磨方正轨枕削平木枕修补木枕木枕防腐木枕预钻孔木枕刻痕枕木塞木枕防裂装置捣固道床夯实道床清筛道床整理道床锁定轨温零应力轨温中和轨温放散温度力温度力温度力峰轨道鼓出临界温度伸缩区，又称“呼吸区”缓冲区固定区调节轨气压焊电阻焊铝热焊周转轨备用轨再用轨顺坡作业标志停车牌慢行牌线路标志公里标曲线标坡度标桥梁标隧道标管界标钢轨位移观测桩鸣笛标线路中断施工封闭线路封闭线路作业时间，又称“开天窗作业时间”列车空隙作业时间养路表报工务设备台帐养路管理电脑系统线路平剖面图养路费用线路维修规则轨道养护标准换算线路长度轨检车评分轨道质量指数平面交叉立体交叉道口道口铺面道口平台道口警标道口栏木道口栅栏道口护桩限界架3.3道岔单开道岔单式对称道岔，又称“双开道岔”单式不对称道岔，又称“不对称双开道岔”单式同侧道岔三开道岔不对称三开道岔左开道岔右开道岔交叉菱形交叉直角交叉交分道岔单式交分道岔复式交分道岔渡线交叉渡线平行渡线梯线套线道岔道岔主线道岔侧线导曲线导曲线半径导曲线支距道岔中心辙叉辙叉号数道岔号数道岔始端道岔终端尖轨直线尖轨曲线尖轨尖轨理论尖端尖轨尖端尖轨跟端曲线出岔道岔辙叉心轨理论尖端辙叉心轨尖端辙叉趾端辙叉跟端道岔基线道岔全长道岔理论长度道岔实际长度道岔理论导程道岔前部理论长度道岔后部理论长度道岔后部实际长度尖轨长度辙叉趾长辙叉跟长辙叉趾宽辙叉跟宽尖轨动程护轨与心轨的查照间隔护背距离辙叉有害空间转辙角辙叉咽喉轮缘槽转辙器可弯式尖轨转辙器间隔铁式尖轨转辙器高锰钢整铸辙叉钢轨组合辙叉可动心轨辙叉可动翼轨辙叉。
铁路专业词汇
铁路专业词汇减压阀reducing valve机车分配阀locomotive distributing valve切换阀transfer valve滤尘止回阀strainer check valve机车紧急放风阀locomotive emergency vent valve高压保安阀high pressure safety valve低压保安阀low pressure safety valve无载起动电空阀no-load starting electropneumatic valve油水分离器oil-water separator总风缸main air reservoir空气干燥器air dryer撒砂装置sanding device砂箱sand box撒砂阀sanding valve撒砂器sandingsprayer紧急撒砂emergency sanding自动撒砂automatic sanding间隙效应slack actionL/V比值L/V ratio弓网关系pantograph-contact line relation机车牵引区段locomotive tractive district机车交路locomotive routing单肩回交路single-arm routing双肩回交路double-arm routing半循环交路semi-loop routing循环交路loop routing环形交路circular routing短交路short routing长交路long routing直通交路through routing机车乘务制度locomotive crew working system机车包乘制system of assigning crew to designated locomotive机车轮乘制locomotive crew pooling system机车随乘制locomotive caboose crew system机车乘务组locomotive crew司机driver副司机assisant driver指导司机driver instructor司炉fireman机车运用指标index of locomotive operation机车出入段作业preparation of locomotive for leaving and arriving at depot 机车全周转complete turnround of locomotive机车在段停留时间detention time of locomotive at depot机车全周转距离diatance of one complete turnround of locomotive机车全周转时间period of one complete turnround of locomotive机车走行公里locomotive running kilometers换算走行公里converted running kilometers沿线走行公里running kilometers on the road辅助走行公里auxiliary running kilometers本务走行公里leading locomotive running kilometers单机走行公里light locomotive running kilometers重联机车走行公里multi-locomotive running kilometers机车日车公里average daily locomotive running kilometers机车平均牵引总重average gross weight hauled by locomotive机车日产量average daily output of locomotive运用机车台数number of locomotive in service机车需要系数coefficient of locomotives requirment单机运行light locomotive running双机牵引；双机重联牵引double locomotive traction多机牵引multi-locomotive traction主机；本务机车leading locomotive辅机assisting locomotive补机banking locomotive机车超重牵引traction for train exceed mass norm机车调度命令locomotive diapatching order机务段运行揭示running service-bulletin of depot司机运转保单driver’s service-report；driver’s log司机室driver’s cab司机操纵台driver’s desk司机模拟操纵装置simulator for driver train-handling优化操纵optimum handling；optimum optimum operation机车自动操纵automatic locomotive operation机车保养locomotive maintenance机车检修locomotive inspection and repair机车检修修程classification of locomotive repair机车大修locomotive overhaul [repair]；locomotive general overhaul 架修intermediate repair定修periodical repair；light repair蒸汽机车洗修steam locomotive boiler washout repair机车厂修locomotive repair in works机车段修locomotive repair in depot机车定期修locomotive periodical repair日常检查routine inspection运行检查；行修running inspection机车临修locomotive temporary repair定期检修repair based on time or running kilometers状态检修repair based on condition of component换件大修component exchange repair配件互换修repair with interchangeable component预防维修制preventive maintenance system检修周期period of inspection and repair月检monthly inspection定检公里running kilometers between predetermined repairs定检时间time between predetermined repairs检修范围scope of repairing course；scope of repair超范围修理repair beyond the scope of repairing course检修停时standing time under repair集中化修理；集中修centralization of repair检修基本技术条件fundamental technical requirements for repair and inspection 检修工艺规程technological regulations for repair and inspection检修作业程序repair procedure；shop program磨耗限度limit of wear检修限度locomotive repair limit第一限度1st limit第二限度2nd limit使用限度operation limit中间工艺检验intermediate inspection at the technological process转向设备turning facilities转盘turntable机务设备通过能力carrying capacity of locomotive facilities机车专用设备special equipment for locomotive operation部件故障检测；故障诊断inspection of component failure；failure diagnostic 机车验收acceptance of locomotive机车试运转locomotive trial run形式试验type test性能试验performance test鉴定试验homologation test出厂试验predelivery test制动试验brake test牵引试验traction test负载试验loaded test；load test牵引热工试验traction and thermodynamique de traction定置试验stationary test；test at standstill动力学试验dynamics test强度试验strength test运用试验service test；operation test耐久性试验durability test可靠性试验reliability test例行试验routine test特殊试验special test研究性试验investigation test抽样试验sampling test模拟试验analogue test机车履历簿locomotive logbook直流电力机车DC electric locomotive单向交流电力机车single-phase AC electric locomotive单相工频交流电力机车single-phase industrial frequency AC electric locomotive 双电压制电力机车dual voltage electric locomotive双频率制电力机车dual frequency electric locomotive多电流制电力机车multiple system electric locomotive硅整流器电力机车silicon rectifier electric locomotive晶闸管整流器电力机车thyristor rectifier electric locomotive经闸管变流器电力机车thyristor converter electric locomotive电动车组electric multiple unit；motor coach set；electric motor train unit单相交流电动车组single-phase industrial frequency AC motor train unit地下铁道电动车组subway motor train unit电流制current system直流制DC system单相工频交流制single-phase industrial frequency AC system单相低频交流制single-phase low frequency AC system受电弓标称电压nominal voltage at pantograph调压方式voltage regulation mode高压侧调压high voltage regulation低压侧调压low voltage regulation分级调压stepped voltage regulation无级调压stepless voltage regulation相控调压phase control斩波调压chopper control变阻调压rheostatric control整流方式mode of rectification牵引变流器traction convertor牵引逆变器traction invertor牵引变频器traction frequency convertor可调牵引变频器variable frequency convertor直流斩波器DC chopper单相桥式整流器single-phase bridge rectifier三相桥式整流器three-phase bridge rectifier可控桥式整流器controlled bridge rectifier对称半控桥式整流器symmetric half-controlled bridge rectifier非对称半控桥式整流器asymmetric half-controlled bridge rectifier多段桥[联结] bridges in cascade；multi rectifier bridge硅整流装置silicon rectifier device晶闸管整流装置thyristor rectifier device励磁整流装置excitation rectifier device电力传动方式mode of electric drive直流传动DC drive交-直流传动AC-DC drive交-直-交流传动AC-DC-AC drive调速方式mode of speed control变压调速variable voltage speed control变频调速variable frequency speed control变极调速pole changing speed control车轴驱动方式mode of axle drive弹性齿轮驱动resilient gear drive刚性齿轮驱动solid gear drive单侧减速齿轮驱动single reduction gear drive双侧减速齿轮驱动double reduction gear drive单电动机驱动monomotor drive车轴空心轴驱动quill drive；hollow axle drive电机空心轴驱动hollow shaft motor drive万向轴驱动cardan shaft drive直接驱动gearless drive；direct drive独立驱动individual drive组合驱动coupled axle drive连杆驱动rod drive组合传动机车coupled axle drive locomotive独立传动机车individual drive locomotive齿轨传动机车；齿条传动机车rack locomotive牵引电动机供电制式traction motor power supply system 机车集中供电locomotive centralized power supply转向架独立供电bogie individual power supply电动机独立供电motor individual power supply主电路power circuit；main circuit高压电路high voltage circuit；high tension circuit低压电路low voltage circuit；low tension circuit网侧电路circuit on side of overhead contact line牵引电路traction circuit制动电路braking circuit滤波电路filter circuit辅助电路auxiliary circuit列车供电电路power supply circuit for train控制电路control circuit控制电源control source蓄电池电路battery circuit指令电路command circuit照明电路lighting circuit仪表电路instrument circuit联锁电路interlocking circuit信号电路signal circuit起动电路starting circuit保护电路protective circuit电子控制电路electronic control circuit电空制动电路electropneumatic brake ciucuit；E-P brake circuit防空转防滑行保护电路anti-slip/slide protection circuit音频通讯电路audio communication circuit电连接器electric coupler自动电连接器electric automatic coupler机车重联电连接器multi-locomotive electrc coupler牵引电动机traction motor直流牵引电动机DC traction motor脉流牵引电动机pulsating current traction motor交流牵引电动机AC traction motor单向交流牵引电动机single-phase AC traction motor三相交流牵引电动机three phase AC traction motor抱轴式牵引电动机axle hung traction motor；nose suspension traction motor架承式牵引电动机frame mounted traction motor转向架架承式牵引电动机bogie mounted traction motor底架架承式牵引电动机underframe mounted traction motor串励电动机series excited motor并励电动机shunt excited motor复励电动机compound excied motor他励电动机separately excited motor同步电动机synchronous motor异步电动机asynchronous motor交流换向器电动机alternating current commutator motor全封闭式电动机totally-enclosed motor通风式电动机ventilated motor自通风式电动机self-ventilated motor强迫通风式电动机force ventilated motor直线电动机；线性电动机linear motor直线同步电动机linear synchronous motor直线异步电动机；直线感应电动机linear asynchronous motor；linear induction motor 电动机转速motor speed电动机超速runaway speed电动机特性motor characteristic电动机转矩；电动机扭矩motor torque启动转矩starting torque峰值转矩peak torque制动转矩braking torque最大输出功率maximum output启动电流starting current峰值电流peak current标称电压nominal voltage变压器电势transformer EMF片间平均电压mean voltage between segments片间最高电压maximum voltage between segments 满磁场；全磁场full field消弱磁场weakened field最大磁场maximum field最小磁场minimum field磁场消弱率field weakening磁场消弱系数coefficient of field weakening恒功调速比speed ratio on constant power转向器commutator换向片commutator segment电枢线圈armature coil均压线equalizer；cable bond转轴shaft定子stator转子rotor主极铁心mainpole core主极线圈mainpole coil换向极铁心interpole core换相极线圈interpole coil补偿线圈compensating coil机座frame铸造机座cast frame焊接机座welding frame半叠片机座semi-laminated frame全叠片机座full-laminated frame电刷装置brush gear刷握brush-holder刷盒brush box电刷brush端盖end shield抱轴悬挂装置suspension bearing主发电机main generator直流主发电机DC main generator交流主发电机main alternator辅助发电机auxiliary generator直流辅助发电机DC auxiliary generator直流启动发电机DC starting generator；dynastarter 直流控制发电机DC control generator直流励磁机DC exciter劈相机Arno converter；phase splitter辅助电动机auxiliary motor直流辅助电动机DC quxiliary motor异步辅助电动机asynchronous auxiliary motor空压机电动机air compressor motor通风机电动机blower motor泵电动机pump motor控制电机control electric machine伺服电机；伺服马达servomotor自整角机synchro测速发电机tachogenerator机车牵引变压器traction transformer of locomotive心式牵引变压器core-type traction transformer壳式牵引变压器shell-type traction transformer自藕牵引变压器traction autotransformer调压牵引变压器regulating traction transformer分接牵引变压器tapped traction transformer油浸式牵引变压器oil-immersed type traction transformer 整流变压器rectifier transformer电源变压器supply transformer隔离变压器；绝缘变压器isolating transformer同步变压器synchronous transformer脉冲变压器pulse transformer控制变压器control transformer信号变压器signal transformer励磁变压器excitation transformer高压绕组high voltage winding；high tension winding低压绕组low voltage winding；low tension winding调压绕组regulating winding励磁绕组excitation winding辅助绕组auxiliary winding列车供电绕组train coach supply winding自然循环natural circulation强迫循环forced circulation强迫导向循环forced guided circulation牵引电抗器traction tractor平波电抗器smoothing reactor过渡电抗器transition reactor接地电抗器earthing reactor；grounding reactor制动电抗器braking reactor分流电抗器divert shunt reactor；inductive shunt滤波电抗器filter reactor均流电抗器sharing reactor限流电抗器inductive reactor；current limiting reactor 换相电抗器commutation reactor起动电阻器staring resistor制动电阻器braking resistor过渡电阻器transistion resistor分流电阻器divert shunt resistor；shunting resistor稳定电阻器stabilizing resistor调节电阻器regulating resistor制动电阻柜braking resistor cubicle制动电阻元件braking resistor grid非线性电阻器non-linear resistor滤波电容器filter capacitor换相电容器commutating capacitor保护电容器protective capacitor起动电容器starting capacitor补偿电容器compensation capacitor主断路器line circuit-breaker真空主断路器line vacuum circuit-breaker空气主断路器line air-blast circuit-breaker直流高速断路器DC high speed circuit-breaker受电器current collector受电弓pantograph单臂受电弓single arm pantograph双臂受电弓double arm pantograph弓头pantograph bow受电弓滑板pantograph pan弓角pantograph horn受电弓气缸pantograph cylinder支持绝缘子supporting insulator第三轨受电器conductor rail collector受电靴装置shoegear集电靴collector shoe电磁接触器electromagnetic contactor直流接触器DC contactor交流接触器AC contactor电空接触器electropneumatic contactor组合接触器grouping contactor线路接触器line contactor磁场削弱接触器field weakening contactor制动接触器braking contactor励磁接触器excitation contactor辅助接触器auxiliary contactor调压开关tap changer低压调压开关low voltage tap changer；low tension tap changer 高压调压开关high voltage tap changer；high tension tap changer 位置转换开关position changeover switch鼓形位置转换开关drum position changeover switch凸轮位置转换开关cam position changeover switch牵引-制动位转换开关power/brake changeover switch反向器reverser电流制转换开关current system changeover switch主电路库用转换开关main circuit transfer switch for shed supply辅助电路库用转换开关auxiliary circuit transfer switch for shed supply短路器short-circuiting device接地开关earthing switch牵引电动机隔离开关traction motor isolating switch受电弓隔离开关pantograph isolating switch主整流柜隔离开关isolating switch for main silicon rectifier cubicle劈相机故障隔离开关fault isolating switch for phase splitter控制电源隔离开关isolating switch for control supply司机控制器driver controller调车控制器shunting controller电空制动控制器E-P brake controller按键开关button switch；key switch自复式按键开关self-reset push-key switch非自复式按键开关non-self-reset push-key switch主按键开关组main button switch group；main key switch set副按键开关组secondary push-key switch group；secondary key switch set 电磁阀electromagnetic valve电空阀clectropneumatic valve电液阀electro-hydraulic valve保护阀protective valve受电弓电空阀pantograph valve防空转撒沙电空阀anti-slip sanding valve防空转防滑行保护装置anti-slip/slide protection device轴重转移补偿装置axle load transfer compensation device功率因数补偿装置power factor compensation device电压继电器voltage relay电流继电器current relay时间继电器time relay中间继电器intermediate relay速度继电器speed relay温度继电器temperature relay压力继电器pressure relay欠电压继电器under-voltage relay过电流继电器over-current relay转速继电器tachometric relay流速继电器flow relay接地继电器earth fault relay风压继电器air pressure relay油压继电器oil-pressure relay起动继电器starting relay主电路库用插座main circuit socket for shed supply辅助电路库用插座auxiliary circuit socket for shed supply控制电路库用插座control circuit socket for shed supply重联插座multiple unit socket印制电路板插座printed circuit board socket电压调整器voltage regulator温度调整器temperature regulator位置指示器notch indicator数字显示器digital display司机室取暖电炉driver's cab electric heater司机室热风装置driver's cab air heater司机室空调装置driver's cab air conditioner电热玻璃electric heating glass电测仪表electrical measuring instrument牵引电机电压表traction motor voltmeter牵引电机电流表traction motor ammeter励磁电流表excitation ammeter网侧电压表voltmeter on side of overhead contact line；overhead side voltmeter 辅助电路电压表auxiliary circuit voltmeter控制电源电压表control supply voltmeter控制电源电流表control supply ammeter机车速度表locomotive speedometer单相电度表single-phase wat-hour meter速度记录仪tachograph传感器sensor；transducer电压传感器voltage sensor电流传感器current sensor压力传感器pressure sensor速度传感器speed sensor温度传感器temperature sensor直流电流互感器DC current transformer阀形避雷器valve type arrester放电器discharger轮缘喷油器flange lubricator接地安全棒earthing pole接地回流电刷earth return brush前照灯head lamp；head light副前照灯subhead lamp；dim head light标志灯marker lamp走行部灯bogie lamp车号灯side number plate lamp路签灯train staff lamp记事灯writing lamp照明灯illuminating lamp指示灯indicator lamp风喇叭air horn高音风喇叭high tone air horn低音风喇叭low tone air horn警笛siren警惕装置vigilance device机车组装后的检查与试验inspection and test of locomotive after completion of construction一般性检查general inspection称重试验weighing test压缩空气设备全面的气密性试验test for over-all air-tightness of compressed air equipments车体及外部装备密封试验test for sealing of body and external equipment受电弓试验pantograph test介电强度试验dielectric test事故预防措施的检查checks for prevention of accidents安全设备试验test on safety equipments蓄电池充电系统试验checks of battery charging-arrangement通风冷却试验test on ventilation and cooling空气制动试验test on air brake曲线通过实验curve negotiation test机车振动参数测试measurements of vibration parameters辅助机组试验test on auxiliary machines机车调速试验test on speed regulation主电路短路保护系统试验test on short-circuit protection system of main circuit主电路过载保护系统试验test on overload protection system of main circuit内部过电压试验test on internal overvoltage外部过电试验test on external overvoltage机车功率试验locomotive [traction] power test机车功率因数测定measurment of power factor机车效率测定measurement of efficiency of locomotive谐波电流百分比测定measurement of percentage of harmonic current起动加速试验starting and acceleration test运行阻力试验test for running resistance电气制动试验electric braking test滤尘效果试验test on filter efficiency撒沙装置试验test on sanding gear重联运行试验test on coupled operation；test on multi unit operation司机室工作条件检查check on working conditions in the driver's cab机械转动内燃机车diesel-mechanical locomotive液力传动内燃机车diesel-hydraulic locomotive电力传动内燃机车diesel-electric locomotive内燃动车组diesel coach set柴油机diesel engine二冲程柴油机two stroke diesel engine四冲程柴油机four stroke diesel engine低速柴油机low speed diesel engine中速柴油机medium speed diesel engine高速柴油机high speed diesel engine增压柴油机supercharged diesel engine废气涡轮增压柴油机turbocharged diesel engine机械增压柴油机engine-driven supercharged diesel engine两级增压柴油机two-stage supercharged diesel engine复合式柴油机compound-supercharged diesel engine直列式柴油机straight type diesel engine；in line type diesel engine 对活塞式柴油机opposed-piston type diesel engineV型柴油机V-type diesel engineH型柴油机H-type diesel engine水冷柴油机water-cooled diesel engine气缸直径cylinder bore diameter曲柄半径crank radius活塞行程piston stroke行程缸径比stroke/bore ratio连杆长度length of connecting rod连杆比connecting rod length/crank radius ratio上止点top dead point；upper dead center下止点bottom dead point；lower dead center内止点inner dead point；inner dead center外止点outer dead point；outer dead center气缸最大容积maximum stroke volume气缸最小容积minimum stroke volume气缸工作容积stroke volume总排量total displacement充量charge工质working substance；medium工作循环working cycle进气行程intake stroke压缩行程compression stroke膨胀行程expansion stroke排气行程exhaust stroke配气相位；配气定时valve timing换气过程scavenging period扫气泵扫气blower scavenging扫气压力scavenging pressure进气温度intake temperature进气压力intake pressure缸盖出口废气温度exhaust temperature at cylinder head outlet涡轮入口废气温度exhaust temperature at turbine inlet涡轮入废气压力exhaust pressure at turbine inlet涡轮膨胀比expansion ratio of turbine排气温度exhaust temperature排气背压exhaust back pressure残余废气residual gas残余废气系数coefficient of residual gas充量系数coefficient of charge扫气系数coefficient of scavenging过量空气系数excess air factor空燃比air/fuel ratio扫气效率scavenging efficiency压缩始点压力compression beginning pressure压缩终点压力compression terminal pressure压缩始点温度compression beginning temperature压缩终点温度compression terminal temperature压缩多变指数polytropic index of compression压缩比compression ratio有效压缩比effective compression ratio最高燃烧温度maximum combustion temperature最高爆发压力maximum explosive pressure；peak pressure；maximum firing pressure 压力升高比pressure step-up ratio；rate of pressure rise膨胀终点温度expansion terminal temperature膨胀终点压力expansion terminal pressure膨胀多变指数polytropic index of expansion放热规律law of heat release热平衡heat balance；thermo balance示功图indicator diagram示功图丰满系数fullness coefficient of indicator diagram工作过程working process指示功indicated work指示燃油消耗率indicared specific fuel consumption有效燃油消耗率effective specific fuel consumption燃油消耗量fuel consumption机油消耗率specific oil consumption机油消耗量oil consumption空气消耗量air consumption空气消耗率specific air consumption发火次序firing order定时timing燃烧过程combustion process点火ignition雾化atomization喷油速率injection rate喷油规律law of injection喷油持续角continuous injection angle供油提前角advance angle of fule supply喷油提前角injection advance angle滞燃期conbustion lagging period；combusting delay period 显燃期sensible combustion period后燃期after burning period增压supercharging增压压力supercharging pressure增压比supercharging ratio废气涡轮增压exhaust turbocharging机械增压engine-driven supercharging定压增压constant pressure charging脉冲增压pulse charging增压中冷charge inter-cooling增压器出口温度discharge temperature of supercharger增压度degree of turbocharging；degree of supercharging 喘振surge时间-面积值time-area value直接喷射燃烧室direct injection combustion chamber涡轮室式燃烧室swirl combustion chamber预燃室式燃烧室precombustion chamber；pre-chamber球型燃烧室spherical combustion chamberω型燃烧室toroidal combustion chamber盆形燃烧室bowl [shaped] combustion chamber挤压涡流extruding swirl进气涡流intake swirl积炭carbon deposit结胶caking柴油机爆燃；柴油机工作粗暴engine detonation敲缸knock废气净化exhaust purification排气烟度exhaust smoke density持续功率continuous power修正功率corrected power指示功率indicated power有效功率effective power机械损失功率mechanical loss power最大功率maximum power单缸功率power per cylinder升功率volume power活塞面积piston area单位活塞面积功率piston unit area power储备功率reserve power功率储备系数coefficient of reaerve power平均指示压力mean indicated pressure平均有效压力mean effective pressure平均机械损失压力mean mechanical loss pressure机械效率mechanicial efficiency指示热效率indicated thermal efficiency有效热效率useful thermal efficiency标称转速nominal speed最低空载稳定转速minimum idling stabilized speed转速波动率rate of speed fluctuation瞬时调速率instantaneous speed change rate活塞平均速度mean piston speed热负荷thermal load机械负荷mechanical load强化系数coefficient of intensification烟度limit of smoke柴油机净重net weight of diesel engine穴蚀cavitation窜机油lubricating oil carry-over窜气vlow-by拉缸piston scraping抱缸piston seizure飞车run away标准大气状况standard atmospheric condition环境温度ambient temperature相对湿度relative humidity柴油机特性diesel engine characteristic负荷特性；负载特性load characteristic速度特性speed characteristic万有特性universal characteristic调速特性；外特性；全负荷速度特性speec regulation characteristics 空载特性no-load characteristic台架试验stand test；bench test磨合running-in柴油机起动试验diesel engine starting test各缸均匀性试验cylinder power equalizing test最低工作稳定转速试验minimum steady speed test最低空载转速试验minimum no-load speed test热平衡试验heat balance test超负荷试验over-load test增压器配机试验turbocharger matching test机体engine block；main frame气缸体cylinder block曲轴箱crankcase曲轴箱呼吸器crankcase breather柴油机支座engine support油底壳oil pan；oil sump曲轴箱防爆门explosion-proof door of crankcase油气分离器oil separator活塞冷却喷嘴piston cooling nozzle气缸cylinder气缸套cylinder liner水套water jacket扫气箱scavenging box连接箱connecting box泵支承箱pump supporting box主轴承main bearing主轴承座main bearing seat；main bearing housing 主轴承盖main bearing cap止推轴承盖thrust bearing cap主轴瓦main bearing shell止推轴瓦thrust bearing shell止推环thrust ring主轴承螺栓main bearing stud主轴承螺母main bearing nut曲轴crankshaft主轴颈crank journal；main journal曲柄销crank pin曲柄臂crank arm曲柄crank曲轴平衡块crankshafr counter balance飞轮flywheel曲轴减振器crankshsft vibration damper硅油减振器silicon oil damper硅油弹簧减振器silicon spring damper摆式减振器pendulum damper弹簧式减振器spring damper活塞piston整体活塞one-piece piston组合composite piston活塞体piston body活塞头piston head活塞裙piston skirt活塞衬套piston bush活塞环piston ring气环gas ring油环oil ring活塞销piston pin连杆connecting rod连杆体connecting rod body连杆衬套connecting rod bush连杆轴瓦connecting rod bearing shell连杆盖connecting rod cap连杆螺栓connecting rod bolt连杆螺母connecting rod nut主连杆main connecting rod副连杆auxiliary connecting rod气缸盖cylinder head气缸盖螺栓cylinder head stud气缸盖螺母cylinder head nut预燃室precombustion chamber预燃室喷嘴precombustion chamber nozzle示公阀indicator valve气门valve进气门inlet valve排气门exhaust valve气门弹簧valve spring气门座valve seat气门导管valve guide气门摇臂valve rocker气门横臂valve cross arm气门推杆valve push rod气门挺柱valve tappet滚轮摇臂roller rocker气门旋转机构valve rotating mechanism凸轮轴camshaft进气凸轮inlet cam排气凸轮exhaust cam喷油嘴凸轮injection pump cam曲轴正时齿轮crankshaft timing gear凸轮轴正时齿轮camshaft timing gear调速器驱动齿轮；调速器传动齿轮governor drive gear喷油泵驱动齿轮；喷油泵传动齿轮injection pump drive gear 喷油泵传动装置injection pump transmission mechanism自动喷调装置injection timer喷油泵injection pump柱塞偶件plunger matching parts柱塞plunger matching parts柱塞套plunger sleeve出油阀偶件delivery valve matching parts出油阀delivery valve出油阀座delivery valve seat喷油器fuel injector喷油嘴偶件injector nozzle matching parts喷油嘴针阀nozzle needle valve喷油嘴针阀体nozzle needle valve body喷油嘴滤芯injector filter core高压油管high pressure fuel pipe调速器governor调速系统speed-governing system调速伺服系统speed-governing servomechanism功率调节系统power regulating system转速表传动装置transmission gear of tachometer柴油机转速表diesel engine tachometer起动加速器starting accelerator控制机构control mechanism超速停车装置overspeed trip紧急停车装置emergency stop mechanism盘车机构barring mechanism；barring gear滑动式盘车机构sliding type barring mechanism回转式盘车机构rotary type barring mechanism涡轮增压器turbocharger压气机blower导风轮inducer压气机叶轮blower impeller废气涡轮exhaust turbine喷嘴环nozzle ring扩压器diffuser中冷器intercooler进气管air inlet pipe进气稳压箱air inlet pressure stabilizing chamber排气总管exhaust manifold排气支管exhaust branch pipe排气箱exhaust box波纹管bellows消声器noise silencer；muffler扫气泵scavenging pump液力传动hydraulic transmission单循环液力传动single-circuit hydraulic transmission多循环液力传动multi-circuit hydraulic transmission液力机械传动hydromechanical drive单流液力机械传动hydromechanical drive with inner ramification 双流液力机械传动gydromechanical drive with outer ramification 混合液力机械传动hydromechanical drive with dierct step液力传动系统hydraulic transmission system液力传动箱hydraulic transmission gear box液力转向传动箱hydrodynamic reverser主弹性联轴节main elastic coupling中间齿轮箱intermediate gear box车轴齿轮箱axle gear box起动变扭器；起动变矩器starting torque converter运转变扭器；运转变矩器running torque converter液力循环元件hydraulic unit液力偶合器hydraulic coupler液力制动器hydraulic brake液力变扭器；液力变矩器hydraulic torque converter 变扭比；变矩比torque ratio泵轮pump impeller涡轮turbine导轮guide wheel工作轮blade wheel输入轴input shaft变扭器轴；变矩器轴torque converter shaft输出轴output shaft换向轴reversing shaft供油泵oil feed pump换挡changeover governor液力制动阀hydrodynamic brake valve液力制动操纵阀hydrodynamic brake operating valve 充量限制阀filling limiting valve闸板阀gate valve闸板转换阀gate change-over valve换向限止阀standstill detector valve温度调节阀temperature regulating valve控制阀control pump惰行阀idle running pump冷却水泵cooling water pump膨胀水箱expansion tank；expansion drum散热器radiator冷却风扇cooling fan预热锅炉preheating boiler燃油输送泵fuel feed pump燃油粗滤器fuel prefilter燃油精滤器fuel precision filter机油泵lubricating oil pump起动机油泵starting lubricating oil pump辅助机油泵auxiliary lubricating oil pump高压机油泵high pressure lubricating oil pump机油滤清器lubricating oil filter机油粗滤器lubricating prefilter离心式机油滤清器centrifugal oil filter增压器机油滤清器oil precision filter for turbocharger机油热交换器lubricating oil heat exchanger油浴式空气滤清器oil bath air filter钢板网式空气滤清器steel sheet mesh type air filter旋风筒式空气滤清器cyclone type air filter磨擦离合器friction clutch离合器操纵装置clutch operating device静液压泵hydrostatic pump静液压马达hydrostatic motor安全阀safety valve百叶窗油缸oil cylinder of shutter车架frame机车牵引梁draw beam前窗front window侧窗side window司机座椅driver's chair动力室power room冷却室cooling room电器室electric apparatus room内走廊；通道inside corridor；gangway外走廊outside corridor；running board排障器pilot；life guard路签授受器staff exchanger；tablet exchanger刮雨器windshield wiper；windscreen wiper遮阳板sun-shield燃油箱fuel tank油位表fuel level gage油尺fuel dipstick轴箱轴承axle box bearing轴端轴承axle end bearing抱轴轴承axle hung bearing；suspension bearing抱轴瓦axle suspension bush传动齿轮transmission gear主动齿轮driving gear从动齿轮driven gear牵引装置draw gear索引杆draw bar燃煤机车coal fired locomotive煤粉机车pulverized coal locomotive；fine coal locomotive 煤气机车gas fired locomotive单胀式蒸汽机车single expansion steam locomotive复胀式蒸汽机车compound expansion steam locomotive模数牵引力modulus of tractive effort。
铁道机车专业英语词汇-铁路列车
齿轨铁路是一种登山铁路。一般铁路可以攀爬 的斜坡坡度约为4°至6°，间中亦可越过短的 9°路段。齿轨铁路在普通路轨中间的轨枕上， 另外放置一条特别的齿轨。行走齿轨铁路的机 车，配备了一个或多个齿轮，跟齿轨啮合着行 走。这样机车便能克服黏着力不足的问题，把 列车拉上达坡度达48°的陡峭斜坡。
In rail transport, a train is made up of a single or several connected rail vehicles that can be moved together along a guideway[ˈgaɪdweɪ]轨道 to transport freight[fret]货物 or passengers from one place to another along a planned route [rut, raʊt] n.航线;路. 在铁路运输中，火车由一辆或几辆相连的轨道车辆组成，这些车
紧急制动
cog [kɑ:g] n.钝齿 railway
齿轨铁路
stow[stoʊ] vt.装，装载，收藏 away无票偷乘（交通工具，尤指船或飞机）;
将某物收好（或保存好）
摆式列车是一种车体转弯时可 以左右倾斜摆动的列车，摆式 列车能够在普通路轨上的弯曲 路段高速驶过而无需减速。
1.国内技术工艺不成熟，特别是摆式机件可靠性差，列车故障率高，实际运用效 果大打折扣； 2.摆式列车之所以能有效提高运行均速是因为它能以车体自主倾斜弥补线路欠超 高，从而以较高速度通过小曲线半径弯道，因此特别适合既有老线路的提速。但 国内已经选择走新建高速铁路客运专线的道路（既有线提速虽然比新建高铁来得 省钱，可是国内既有铁路干线目前已基本饱和，除了新建客运专线分流外别无他 法），在最小曲线半径和线路超高已经很宽裕的高速铁路上，摆式列车无用武之 地； 3.摆式列车对轨道的磨损较严重，国内工务维护又不及国外先进水平，加大了运 营成本； 4.在已经有了技术日益成熟、国产化程度稳步提高的CRH系列动车组的情况下， 铁总的确没有意愿再为了研制摆式列车而不辞辛苦专门去引进国外技术再慢慢 “消化吸收”。
铁路词汇
铁路工程英语常用词汇铁路线railway line；railroad line铁路网railway network；railroad network铁道科学railway science铁路技术railway technology铁路等级railway classification国有铁路national railway；state railway地方铁路local railway；regional railway私有铁路private railway合资铁路joint investment railway；jointly owned railway标准轨铁路standard-gage railway窄轨铁路narrow-gage railway米轨铁路meter-gage railway宽轨铁路broad-gage railway单线铁路single track railway双线铁路double track railway多线铁路multiple track railway重载铁路heavy haul railway高速铁路high speed railway电气化铁路；电力铁路electrified railway；electric railway干线铁路main line railway；trunk railway市郊铁路suburban railway地下铁道；地铁subway；metro；underground railway工业企业铁路industry railway矿山铁路mine railway轻轨铁路light railway；light rail高架铁路elevated railway单轨铁路；独轨铁路monorail；monorail railway 磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway；maglev森林铁路forest railway山区铁路mountain railway既有铁路existing railway新建铁路newly-built railway改建铁路reconstructed railway运营铁路railway in operation；operation；operating railway专用铁路special purpose railway干线trunk line；main line支线branch line铁路专用线railway special line货运专线railway line for freight traffic；freight special line；freight traffic only line客运专线railway line for passenger traffic；passenger special line；passenger traffic only line客货运混合铁路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度；运营里程operation length of railway；operating distance；revenue length列车运行图train diagram铁路建筑长度construction length of railway区间section区段district轨距rail gage；rail gauge轮重wheel load轴重axle load最大轴重maximum allowable axle load限制轴重axle load limited限界clearance；gauge限界图clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance；structure clearance for railway；railway structure gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance；fundamental structure gauge桥梁建筑限界bridge construction clearance；bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限tunnel construction clearance；tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界rolling stock clearance for railway；vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界loading clearance limit；loading gauge 阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension；clearance limit for oversize commodities接触网限界clearance limit for overhead contract wire列车与线路相互作用track-train interaction轮轨关系wheel-rail relation；wheel-rail interaction粘着系数adhesion coefficient车轮滑行wheel sliding；wheel skid车轮空转wheel slipping牵引种类kinds of traction；category of traction 牵引方式mode of traction牵引定数tonnage rating；tonnage of traction装载系数loading coefficient速度speed持续速度continuous speed限制速度limited speed；speed restriction均衡速度balancing speed构造速度construction speed；design speed最高速度maximum speed临界速度critical speed重载列车heavy haul train高速列车high speed train超长超重列车exceptionally long and heavy train 列车正面冲突train collision列车尾追train tail collision列车尾部防护train rear end protection伸缩运动fore and aft motion蛇行运动hunting；nosing列车压缩train running in列车拉伸train running out列车分离train separation列车颠覆train overturning列车动力学train dynamics列车空气动力学train acrodynamics机车车辆振动vibration of rolling stock纵向振动longitudinal vibration横向振动lateral vibration垂向振动vertical vibration摆滚振动rock-roll vibration浮沉振动bouncing；vibration测滚振动rolling ；vibration测摆振动swaying；vibration点头振动pitching；nodding摇头振动yawing；hunting机车车辆共振resonance of rolling stock机车车辆冲击impact of rolling纵向冲击longitudinal impact横向冲击lateral impact垂向冲击vertical impact铁路法railway law铁道法规railway act铁路条例railway code 铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technical operation铁路用地right-of-way铁路勘测railway reconnaissance调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation；investigation survey；investigation surveying and sketching地形调查topographic survey地貌调查topographic feature survey；geomorphologic survey地质调查geologic survey不良地质unfavorable geology特殊地质special geology工程地质条件engineering geologic requirement；engineering geologic condition气象资料meteorological data设计高程；设计标高design elevation河流比降slope of river；comparable horizon of river历史洪水位historic flood level最高水位highest water level；HWL分水岭watershed；dividing ridge洪水频率flood frequency设计流量design discharge设计水位design water level施工水位construction level；construction water level；working water level设计洪水过程线designed flood hydrograph 初测preliminary survey定测location survey；alignment；final location survey导线测量traversing；traverse survey光电导线photoelectric traverse地形测量topographical survey横断面测量cross leveling；cross-section survey；cross-section leveling线路测量route survey；profile survey；longitudinal survey既有线测量；旧线测量survey of existing railway 线路复测repetition survey of existing railway；resurvey of existing railway测量精度survey precision；precision of survey均方差；中误差mean square error最大误差；极限误差maximum error；limitingerror中线测量center line survey中线桩center line stake加桩additional stake；plus stake外移桩shift out stake；stake outward；offset stake 水准点高程测量benchmark leveling中桩高程测量；中平center stake leveling曲线控制点curve control point放线setting-out of route；lay out of route交点intersection point副交点auxiliary intersection point转向角deflection angle分转向角auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角plane-coordinate azimuth象限角quadrantal angle经纬距plane rectangular coordinate断链broken chain投影断链projection of broken chain断高broken height铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测railway aerial photogrammetry铁路航空勘测railway aerial surveying航带设计flight strip design；design of flight strip 铁路工程地质遥感remote sensing of railway engineering geology测段segment of survey航测选线aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry全球定位系统global positioning system；GPS像片索引图index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey；triangulation精密导线测量precise traverse survey；accurate traverse survey三角高程测量trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量ouside tunnel control survey隧道洞内控制测量in tunnel control survey；through survey隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal；geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量survey of bridge axis铁路选线railway location；approximate railway location；location of railway route selection平原地区选线location in plain region；plain location越岭选线location of mountain line；location of line in mountain region；location over mountain山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location；location of line of in mountain and valley region丘陵地段选线hilly land location；location of line on hilly land工程地质选线engineering geoligic location of line 线间距distance between centers of tracks；midway between tracks车站分布distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison；route alternative 投资回收期repayment period of capital cost纸上定线paper location of line缓坡地段section of easy grade；section of gentle slope紧坡地段section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段section of unsufficient grade；section fo insufficient grade导向线leading line；alignment guiding line拔起高度；克服高度height of lifting；lifting height；ascent of elevation横断面选线cross-section method of railway location；location with cross-section method；cross-section method for location of line展线extension of line；development of line；line development展线系数coefficient of extension line；coefficient of development line套线overlapping line线路平面图track plan；line plan线路纵断面图track profile；line profile站坪长度length of station site站坪坡度grade of station site控制区间control section；controlling section最小曲线半径minimum radius of curve圆曲线circular curve单曲线simple curve缓和曲线transition curve；easement curve；spiral transition curve缓和曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature；rate of transition curve复曲线compound curve同向曲线curves of same sense；adjacent curves in one direction反向曲线reverse curve；curve of opposite sense 夹直线intermediate straight line；tangent between curves坡度grade；gradient；slope人字坡double spur grade限制坡度ruling grade；limiting grade加力牵引坡度pusher grade；assisting grade最大坡度maximum grade临界坡度critical grade长大坡度long steep grade；long heavy grade动力坡度momentum grade均衡坡度balanced grade有害地段harmful district无害地段harmless district变坡点point of gradient change；breake in grade 坡段grade section坡段长度length of grade section坡度差algebraic difference between adjacent gradients竖曲线vertical curve分坡平段level stretch between opposite sign gradient缓和坡度slight grade；flat grade；easy grade起动缓坡flat gradient for starting加速缓坡easy gradient for acceleration；accelerating grade坡度折减compensation of gradient；gradient compensation；grade compensation曲线折减compensation of curve；curve compesation隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel；compensation grade in tunnel绕行地段detouring section；round section换侧；换边change side of double line容许应力设计法allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法plastic stage design method极限状态设计法limit state design method概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法probabilistic limit state design method地震系数法seismic coefficient method路基subgrade；road bed；formation subgrade 岩石路基rock subgrade 渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade；pervious embankment非渗水土路基non-permeable soil subgrade；impervious embankment特殊土路基subgrade of special soil软土地区路基subgrade in soft soil zone；subgrade in soft；clay region泥沼地区路基subgrade in bog zone；subgrade in morass region；subgrade in swampland膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基subgrade in swelling soil zone；subgrade in expansive soil region 盐渍土地区路基subgrade in salty soil zone；subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soil zone特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition河滩路堤embankment on plain river beach滨河路堤embankment on river bank水库路基subgrade in reservoir；embankment crossing reservoir崩塌地段路基subgrade in rock fall district；subgrade in collapse zone岩堆地段路基subgrade in rock deposit zone；subgrade in talus zone；subgrade in scree zone滑坡地段路基subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基subgrade in karst zone洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone；subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone；subgrade in desert雪害地段路基subgrade in snow damage zone；subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基subgrade in debris flow zone路基横断面subgrade cross-section路基面subgrade surface；formation路基面宽度width of the subgrade surface；formation width路拱road crown；subgrade crown路肩Road shoulder；subgrade shoulder路肩高程formation level；shoulder level路堤embankment；fill路堑cut；road；cutting半堤半堑part-cut and part-fill section；cut and fillsection基床subgrade bed；formation基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed；formation top layer；surface layer of subgrade基床表层bottom layer of subgrade；formation base layer；bottom layer of subgrade bed线路工程railway line engineering铁路勘测；铁道勘测railway reconnaissance铁路选线；铁道选线railway route selection；railway location；approximate railway location；location of railway route selection经济勘察economic investigation地质调查geological survey；geologic survey方案比较project comparison铁路勘探；铁道勘探railway exploration铁路测量；铁道测量railway survey线路测量route survey；profile survey；longitudinal survey曲线测量curve survey既有线测量survey of existing line；survey of existing railway铁路线路图；铁道线路图railway map定线location of line铁路设计；铁道设计railway design线路设计track design平面设计plane design纵断面设计longitudinal section design横断面设计transverse section design曲线设计curve design车站设计station design站场设计design of stations and yards标准设计standard design线路等级line grade铁路限界；铁道限界railway clearance建筑限界construction clearance设计规范code of design设计标准design standard铁路线路；铁道线路railway line铁路曲线；铁道曲线railway curve缓和曲线transition curve；easement curve；spiral transition curve小半径曲线small-radius curve曲线半径curve radius曲线超高super elevation on curve；cant；elevation of curve欠超高inadequate super elevation；deficient super elevation未被平衡加速度unbalanced acceleration竖曲线vertical curve坡道gradient坡度grade；gradient；slope限制坡度ruling grade；limiting grade坡度折减grade compensation；compensation of gradient；gradient compensation避难线refuge siding；catch siding双线插入段double track interpolation铁路连接线；铁道连接线railway connecting line 隧道内线路line in tunnel桥头引线bridge approach站线siding站线长度length of station line铁路标志；铁道标志railway sign警冲标fouling point indicator；fouling post线路中心线track center line；central lines of track 线间距离；线间距distance between centers of lines；distance between centers of tracks；midway between tracks线路试验；线路实验track test；road test；running test路基subgrade铁路路基；路基；铁道路基railway subgrade；subgrade软土路基soft soil subgrade沙漠路基desert subgrade冻土路基permafrost subgrade膨胀土路基subgrade in swelling soil zone路基基床subgrade bed路堤embankment；fill高路堤high-fill embankment路堑cut；road cutting深路堑deep cutting路肩road shoulder；subgrade shoulder边坡side slope护坡revetment；slope protection；pitching路基滑动subgrade slip滑坡防治landslide preventive treatment路基排水subgrade drainage塑料排水板plastic drainage board路基加固subgrade strengthening土工织物geotextile挡土墙；挡墙retaining walls锚定板anchor plate锚杆anchor bolt抗滑桩antiskid pile；anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile加筋土reinforced earth植被vegetation路基防护subgrade protection防护工程protective engineering防护林protection forest防沙sand proof固沙stabilization of sand输导砂sediment transport路侧建筑物roadside structure排水沟weeper drain；weep drain；drainage ditch；drain ditch挡风墙wind-shield wall；wind-break wall隔声墙sound-proof wall防雪栅snow fence；snow guard轨道理论track theory轨道设计track design轨道参数track parameter轨距track gauge；rail gage；rail gauge轨距加宽track gauge widening轨底坡cant of rail；rail cant轨道力学track dynamics；track mechanics轨道强度track strength轨道阻力track resistance道床阻力trackbed resistance；ballast resistance扣固力fastening force钢轨应力rail stress轨道承载力track bearing capacity轨道稳定性track stability；stability of track轨道试验；轨道实验track test轮轨关系wheel-rail interaction；wheel-rail relation 轮轨动力学wheel-rail dynamics轮轨作用力wheel-rail force轮轨接触wheel-rail contact接触应力contact stress轨道结构track structure轨道track铁路轨道；轨道；铁道轨道railway track；track 线路上部建筑；轨道track superstructure；track 重型轨道heavy track宽轨枕轨道broad sleeper track板式轨道slab track；slab-track整体道床轨道monolithic roadbed track防振轨道anti-vibration track高架轨道elevated track无缝线路jointless line；continuously welded rail track；jointless track桥上轨道结构bridge deck track structure隧道内轨道结构track structure in tunnel钢轨steel rail重型钢轨heavy rail长钢轨long rail焊接长钢轨long welded rail缩短轨shortened rail；standard shortened rail；fabricated short rail used on curves；standard curtailed rail热处理钢轨heat-treated rail合金钢轨alloy steels rail旧钢轨used rail钢轨钢rail steel钢轨螺栓孔rail bolt hole轨缝rail gap；joint gap钢轨焊缝rail welding seam钢轨接头rail joint异型接头compromise joint伸缩接头expansion joint焊接接头welding joint；welded joint绝缘接头track section insulator；insulated joint胶接接头adhesive joint鱼尾板fish plate鱼尾螺栓fish bolt扣件fastening；rail fastening弹性扣件elastic fastening；elastic rail fastening弹条式扣件elastic rod type fastening分开式扣件separated fastening；separated rail fastening；indirect holding fastening扣板式扣件clip fastening刚性扣件rigid fastening垫圈ring道钉spike；track spike；rail spike；dog spike螺纹道钉threading spike；screw spike垫板tie-plate；tie plate橡胶垫板rubber tie-plate；rubber tie plate防爬器anticreeper；anti-creeper；rail anchor轨距拉杆gauge tie rod轨下基础underrail foundation；sub-rail foundation；sub-rail track bed轨枕sleeper；tie；cross tie木枕wooden sleeper；wooden tie混凝土枕；砼枕concrete sleeper；concrete tie轨枕板；宽轨枕sleeper slab；broad sleeper钢枕steel sleeper；steel tie合成轨枕composite sleeper纵向轨枕longitudinal tie岔枕points sleeper；switch tie；turnout tie桥枕bridge tie；bridge sleeper轨排track panel；track skeleton枕下胶垫rubber pad under sleeper道床track bed；ballast bed碎石道床ballast bed整体道床monolithic track bed；solid bed；integrated ballast bed；monolithic concrete bed沥青道床bituminous raodbed；asphalt roadbed；asphalt cemented ballast bed石棉道床asbestos ballast道碴ballast道床覆盖ballast cover钢轨涂油器rail lubricator融雪器snow melter复轨器replacer；re-railer；rerailing device脱轨器derailer车挡bumper；bumper post道岔switch；point；turnout；switches and crossings 单开道岔single point；simple turnout；lateral turnout双开道岔double turnout三开道岔three-throw turnout；symmetrical three throw turnout；three-way turnout交分道岔slip switch高速道岔high-speed switch切线型道岔tangent turnout道岔设计turnout design过岔速度switch crossing speed辙叉frog；crossing整铸辙叉integrated cast frog锰钢辙叉manganese steel frog crossing 焊接辙叉welding frog crossing组合辙叉combined frog；assembled frog可动心轨辙叉movable point frog；movable-point frog可动翼轨辙叉movable wing rails；movable-wing frog核子密度湿度测定determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承载板测定determination of bearing slab of subgrade预留沉落量reserve settlement；settlement allowance反压护道berm with superloading；berm for back pressure；counter swelling berm石灰砂桩lime sand pile挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relieving platform；balanced type retaining wall中-活载CR-live loading；China railway standard loading桥梁标准活载standard live load for bridge桥梁荷载谱bridge load spectrum换算均布活载equivalent uniform live load设计荷载design load主力principal load恒载dead load土压力earth load静水压力hydrostatic pressure浮力buoyancy列车活载live load of train列车离心力centrifugal force of train列车冲击力；冲击荷载impact force of train冲击系数coefficient of impact人行道荷载sidewalk loading附加力subsidiary load；secondary load列车制动力braking force of train列车牵引力tractive force of train桥台abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment锚定板式桥台anchor slab abutmentU形桥台U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall桥墩pier脚手架scaffold山岭隧道mountain tunnel越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道subway tunne；underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel；shallow burying tunnel深埋隧道deep tunnel；deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道single track tunnel双线隧道double track tunnel多线隧道multiple track tunnel车站隧道station tunnel地铁车站subway station；metro station特长隧道super long tunnel长隧道long tunnel中长隧道medium tunnel短隧道short tunnel隧道群tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering 洞口tunne ladit；tunnel opening隧道进口tunnel entrance隧道出口tunnel exit暗挖法subsurface excavation method明挖法open-cut method拆迁removing测量放样staking out in survey工程招标calling for tenders of project；calling for tending of project工程投标bidding for project工程报价project quoted price工程发包contracting out of project工程承包contracting of project工程监理supervision of construction；supervision of project过渡工程transition project控制工程dominant project关键工程key project辅助设施auxiliary facilities 通车期限time limit for opening to traffic施工总工期total time of construction；total construction time施工组织方案construction scheme开工报告report on starting of construction work；commencement report of construction work；construction starting report竣工报告completion repport of construction work 施工计划管理planned manangement of construction 网络计划技术network planning technique施工工艺流程construction technology process；construction process工法制度construction method system施工产值construction output value施工利润construction profit施工机械利用率utilization ratio of construction machinery推土机bulldozer铲运机scoper；scraper；carrying scraper装载机loader平地机grader压路机roller千斤顶jack打桩机pile driver工务段track division；track district；track maintenance division轨道；线路上部建筑track轨道类型classification of track；track standard轨道结构track structure有碴轨道ballasted track无碴轨道ballastless track线路track；permanent way有缝线路jointed track无缝线路continuously welded rail track；jointless track长轨线路long welded rail track轨排track panel；track skeleton轨节rail link长轨条long rail string轨道几何形位track geometry轨距加宽gauge widening螺旋曲线spiral curve clothold curve三次抛物线曲线cubic parabola curve曲线超高superelevation cant；elevation of curve欠超高deficient superlevation过超高surplus superelevation；excess elevation反超高reverse superelevation；counter superelevation；negative superelevation未本平衡离心加速度unbalaned cenrifugal acceleraion曲线正矢curve versine轨道力学track mechanics轨道动力学track dynamics轨道强度计算track strength analysis轨道几何状态恶化track deterioration轨道失效track failure轨道框架刚度rigidity of track panel道床系数ballast coefficient；ballast modulus钢轨基础模量rail supporting modulus ；track moulus钢轨支点弹性模量modulus of elasticity of rail support轨道应力track stresses轨道稳定性stability of track接头阻力joint resistance道床阻力ballast resistance扣件扣压力toe load of fastening轮/轨接触应力rail/wheel contact stress钢轨rail轨头rail head轨腰rail web轨底rail base；rail bottom淬火轨head hardened rail ；quenched rail合金轨alloy steel rail合金淬火轨head hardened alloy steel rail ；quenched alloy耐磨轨wear resistant rail耐腐蚀轨corrosion resistant rail标准长度钢轨standard length rail短轨short rail缩短轨standardshortened rail ；fabricated short rail used on curves；sandard curtailed rail异形轨compromise rail护轨guard rail；check rail轨底坡rail cant钢轨工作边gage line轨缝；接头缝rail gap；joint gap构造轨缝structural joint gap ；maximum joint gap structurally obtainable钢轨接头rail joint相对接头opposite joint ；square joint相错式接头；相互式接头alternate joint ；staggered joint ；broken joint垫接接头；承接接头supported joint悬接接头suspended joint绝缘接头insulated joint胶结绝缘接头glued insulated joint焊接接头welded joint冻结接头frozen joint异形接头compromise joint钢轨伸缩调节器；温度调节器expansion rail joint；rail expansion device；swith expansion joint接头联结零件rail joint accessories ；rail joint fastenings接头夹板；鱼尾板joint bar ；splice bar ；fish plate 平型双头夹板flat joint bar轨头地面接触夹板；锲型接头夹板head contact flat joint bar轨腹上圆弧接触夹板；铰型接头夹板head free flat joint bar扣件；中间联结零件rail fastening分开式扣件separated rail fastening ；indirect holding fastening不分开式扣件nonseparated rail fastening ；direct holding fastening半分开式扣件semi-separaed rail fastening ；mixed holding fastening弹性扣件elasic rail fastening道钉；狗头钉；钩头钉track spike ；rail spike ；dog spike弹簧道钉elastic rail spike螺纹道钉screw spike螺栓螺纹钉bolt-screw spike硫磺锚固sulphur cement mortar anchor ；sulphur cement mortar anchorage垫板tie plate橡胶垫板；弹性垫板rubber tie plate衬垫pad弹簧垫圈spring washer防爬器anti-creeper；rail anchor轨撑rail brace轨距杆gage tie bar；gage rod ；gage tie轨下基础sub-rail foundation ；sub-rail track bed轨枕tie；cross tie ；sleeper宽混凝土轨枕；轨枕板broad concrete tie纵向轨枕longitudinal tie板式轨道slab-track木枕；枕木wooden tie油枕treated wooden tie素枕untreated wooden tie钢枕steel tie混凝土枕concrete tie岔枕switch tie ；turnout tie短枕short tie ；block tie道床ballast bed整体道床solid bed；integrated ballast bed；monolithic concrete bed沥青道床asphalt cemented ballast bed道碴层；道碴床ballast layer道碴ballast道碴级配ballast grading洛杉叽磨损实验Los Angeles abrasion test底碴subballast道床厚度thickness of ballast bed；depth of ballast 道床宽度width of ballast bed道床碴肩shoulder of ballast bed轮轨游间clearance between wheel flange and gage line曲线内接inscribed to curves自由内接free inscribing强制内接compulsory inscribing楔形内接wedging inscribing静力内接static inscribing动力内接dynamic inscribing轨道不平顺track irregularity静态不平顺static track irregularity；irregularity without load动态不平顺dynamic track irregularity轨道几何尺寸容许公差track geometry tolerances 轨道变形track deformation；track disorder；track distortion轨道残余变形track residual deformation；track permanent deformation弹性挤开gage elastically widened；elastic squeeze-out轨道水平；左右水平track cross level 轨道方向track alignment轨道前后高低；前后高低longitudinal level of rail；track profile三角坑；扭曲twist warp轨道明坑visile pit of track；visible low spot of track；track depression翻浆冒泥mud-pumping钢轨低接头depressed joint；battered foint of rail接头瞎缝closed joint；tight joint大轨缝excessive joint gap；wide joint gap线路爬行track creeping轨头波纹磨损corrugation of rail head；rail corrugation轨头短波浪磨损short wave undulation of rail head 钢轨伤损rail defects and failures钢轨擦伤engine burn；wheel burn钢轨锈蚀rail corrosion核伤nucleus flaw；oval flaw轨头剥离gage line shelly cracks轨头掉块spalling of rail head轨头压溃crushing of rail head钢轨裂纹rail cracks轨头发裂head checks ；hair crack of rail head轨底崩裂burst of rail base；burst of rail bottom ；broken rail base钢轨折断brittle fractures of rail ；sudden rupture of rail钢轨落锤试验drop test of rail螺孔裂纹bolt hole crack线路大修major repair of reack ；overhaul of track ；track renewal线路中修intermediate repair of track线路维修maintenance of track全面起道捣固out-of-face surfacing起道raising of track ；track lifting落道under cutting of track ；lowering of track垫砂起道measured shovel packing改道gage correction ；gaging of track拨道track lining整正水平adjusting of cross level整正曲线curve adjusting；curve lining绳正法整正曲线string lining of curve绳度整正曲线计算器string lining computer ；string-line calculator调整轨缝；均匀轨缝adjusting of rail gaps；evenly distributing joint gaps整正规缝dispersal of rail gaps；adjusting joint gaps up to standard焊修钢轨；堆焊钢轨resurfacing of rail打磨钢轨rail grinding轨头整形rail head reprofiling捣固道床ballast tamping夯实道床ballast ramming ；ballast consolidating清筛道床ballast cleaning整理道床ballast trimming锁定轨温fastening-down temperature of rail零应力轨温strss free rail temperature中和轨温neutral temperature放散温度力destressing ；stress liberation温度力temperature stress温度力峰temperature stress peak轨道鼓出临界温度critical temperature of track buckling伸缩区；呼吸区breathing zone缓冲区buffer zone；transition zone固定区nonbreathing zone ；fixd zone ；deformation -free zone调节轨buffer rail气压焊oxyacetylene pressure welding电阻焊flash butt welding铝热焊thrmlt welding周转轨inventory stock备用轨stock rails per kilometer of track；emergency rail stored along the way再用轨second hand rail ；relaying rail顺坡run-off elevation立体交叉grade separation道囗grade crossing；level crossing道岔turnout ；switches and crossings单开道岔simple turnout ；；lateral turnout单式对称道岔；双开道岔symmetrical double curve turnout ；equilateral turnout单式不对称道岔；不对称双开道岔unsymmetrical double curve turnout ；unequilateral turnout单式同侧道岔unsymmetrical double curve turnout in the same direction三开道岔stmmetrical three throw turnout ；three-way turnout 不对称三开道岔unsymmetrical three-way turnout ；unsymmetrical three throw tunout左开道岔left hand turnout右开道岔right hand turnout交叉crossing菱形交叉diamond crossing直角交叉rectangular crossing ；square crossing交分道岔slip switch单式交分道岔single slip switches复式交分道岔double slip switches渡线crossover交叉渡线scissors crossing ；double crossover平行渡线parallel crossover道岔主线main line of turnout ；main track of turnout ；turnout main道岔侧线branch line of turnout ；branch track of turnout turnout branch导曲线lead curve导曲线半径radius of lead curve导曲线支距offset of lead curve道岔中心center of turnout辙叉frog；crossing辙叉角frog angle辙叉号数frog number道岔号数turnout number道岔始端beginning of turnout道岔终端end of turnout尖轨switch rail tongue rail；blade直线尖轨straight seitch曲线尖轨curved switch尖轨理论尖端theoretical point of switch rail尖轨尖端actual point of switch rail尖轨跟端heel of swith rail曲线出岔道岔turnout from curved track辙叉心轨理论尖端theoretical point of frog辙叉心轨尖端actual point of frog辙叉趾端toe end of frog ；frog toe辙叉跟端heel end of frog；frog heel道岔基线reference line of turnout道岔全长total length of turnout道岔理论长度theoretical length of turnout道岔实际长度actual length of turnout道岔理论导程theoretical lead of turnout道岔前部理论长度front part theoretical legth of。
铁路专业词汇
铁路专业词汇铁路专业词汇铁路；铁道railway railroad铁路线railway line；railroad line铁路网railway network；railroad network铁道科学railway science铁路技术railway technology铁路等级railway classification国有铁路national railway；state railway地方铁路local railway；regional railway私有铁路private railway合资铁路joint investment railway；jointly owned railway标准轨铁路standard-gage railway窄轨铁路narrow-gage railway米轨铁路meter-gage railway宽轨铁路broad-gage railway单线铁路single track railway双线铁路double track railway多线铁路multiple track railway重载铁路heavy haul railway高速铁路high speed railway电气化铁路；电力铁路electrified railway；electric railway干线铁路main line railway；trunk railway市郊铁路suburban railway地下铁道；地铁subway；metro；underground railway工业企业铁路industry railway矿山铁路mine railway轻轨铁路light railway；light rail高架铁路elevated railway单轨铁路；独轨铁路monorail；monorail railway磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway；maglev森林铁路forest railway山区铁路mountain railway既有铁路existing railway新建铁路newly-built railway改建铁路reconstructed railway运营铁路railway in operation；operation；operating railway专用铁路special purpose railway干线trunk line；main line支线branch line铁路专用线railway special line货运专线railway line for freight traffic；freight special line；freight traffic only line 客运专线railway line for passenger traffic；passenger special line；passenger traffic onlyline客货运混合铁路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度；运营里程operation length of railway；operating distance；revenue length 列车运行图train diagram铁路建筑长度construction length of railway区间section区段district轨距rail gage；rail gauge轮重wheel load轴重axle load最大轴重maximum allowable axle load限制轴重axle load limited限界clearance；gauge限界图clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance；structure clearance for railway；railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance；fundamental structure gauge桥梁建筑限界bridge construction clearance；bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限tunnel construction clearance；tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界rolling stock clearance for railway；vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界loading clearance limit；loading gauge阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension；clearance limit for oversize commodities接触网限界clearance limt for overhead contract wire；clearance limit for overhead catenary system；overhead catenary system gauge列车与线路相互作用track-train interaction轮轨关系wheel-rail relation；wheel-rail interaction粘着系数adhesion coefficient车轮滑行wheel sliding；wheel skid车轮空转wheel slipping牵引种类kinds of traction；category of traction牵引方式mode of traction牵引定数tonnage rating；tonnage of traction装载系数loading coefficient速度speed持续速度continuous speed限制速度limited speed；speed restriction均衡速度balancing speed构造速度construction speed；design speed最高速度maximum speed临界速度critical speed重载列车heavy haul train高速列车high speed train超长超重列车exceptionally long and heavy train列车正面冲突train collision列车尾追train tail collision列车尾部防护train rear end protection伸缩运动fore and aft motion蛇行运动hunting；nosing列车压缩train running in列车拉伸train running out列车分离train separation列车颠覆train overturning列车动力学train dynamics列车空气动力学train acrodynamics机车车辆振动vibration of rolling stock纵向振动longitudinal vibration横向振动lateral vibration垂向振动vertical vibration摆滚振动rock-roll vibration浮沉振动bouncing；vibration测滚振动rolling ；vibration测摆振动swaying；vibration点头振动pitching；nodding摇头振动yawing；hunting机车车辆共振resonance of rolling stock机车车辆冲击impact of rolling纵向冲击longitudinal impact横向冲击lateral impact垂向冲击vertical impact货运站综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations at freight station行车指挥自动化automation of traffic control编组场综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations in marshalling yard铁路运营信息系统railway operation information system铁路数据交换系统railway data exchange system运营系统模拟simulation of operation system铁路法railway law铁道法规railway act铁路条例railway code铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technical operation综合运输comprehensive transport；multi-mode transport；intermode transport国际铁路联运international railway through traffic大陆桥；洲际铁路transcontinental railway；intercontinental railway；land-railway 国际联运协定agreement of international through traffic国际联运议定书protocol of international through traffic国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic铁路新线建设newly-built railway construction铁路技术改造technical reform of railway；technical renovation of railway；betterment and improvement of railway铁路主要技术条件main technical standard of railway；main techincal requirement of railway单位工程unit project分部工程part project分项工程item project预可行性研究pre-feasibility study项目建议书proposed task of project可行性研究feasibility study设计阶段design phase；design stage三阶段设计three-step design；three-phase design两阶段设计two-step design；two-phase design一阶段设计one-step design；one-phase design初步设计preliminary design技术设计technical design扩大初步设计enlarged preliminary design；expanded preliminary design施工图设计construction detail design；working-drawing design变更设计altered design设计概算apporximate estimate of design；budgetary estimate of design个别概算individual approximate estimate综合概算comprehensive approximate estimate总概算sum of approximate estimate；total estimate；summary estimate修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate；revised general estimate调整总概算adjusted sum of approximate estimate投资检算checking of investment预算定额rating of budget；rating form for budget概算定额rating of approximate estimate；rating form for estimate投资估算investment estimate估算指标index of estimate机械台班定额rating per machine per team；rating per machine-team工程直接费direct expense of project；direct cost of project工程间接费indirect expense of project；indirect cost of project工程预备费reserve fund of project设计鉴定certification of design；appraisal of design竣工决算final accounts of completed project铁路用地right-of-way铁路勘测railway reconnaissance调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation；investigation survey；investigation surveying and sketching地形调查topographic survey地貌调查topographic feature survey；geomorphologic survey地质调查geologic survey经济调查economic investigation；economic survey水文地质调查hydrogeologic survey土石成分调查survey of soil and rock composition土石物理力学性质physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock土石分类classificaion of soil and rock地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation；bearing capacity of ground；bearing of subgrade隧道围岩分级classification of tunnel surrounding rock地质图测绘survey and drawing of geological map；surveying and sketching of geological map勘探exploration；prospecting挖探excavation prospecting钻探boring；exploration drilling物探geophysical prospecting室内测试indoor test；laboratory test原位测试in situ test静力触探static sounding；static probing；cone penetration test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test标准贯入试验standard penetration test区域地质regional geology工程地质engineering geology不良地质unfavorable geology特殊地质special geology工程地质条件engineering geologic；requirement；engineering geologic condition气象资料meteorological data冻结深度freezing depth地震基本烈度basic intensity of earthquake；seismic basic intensity工程地质图engineering geological map地层柱状图column diagram of stratum；graphic logs of strata；drill log of stratum洪水调查flood survey河道调查river course survey冰凌调查ice floe survey；frazil ice survey汇水区流域特征调查survey of catchment basin characteristics水文断面hydrologic sectional drawing；dydrologic section；hydrologic cross-section 主河槽main river channel设计流速design current velocity设计高程；设计标高design elevation河流比降slope of river；comparable horizon of river历史洪水位historic flood level最高水位highest water level；HWL通航水位navigation water level；NWL桥涵水文hydrology of bridge and culvert水利半径hydraulic radius桥前壅水高度backwater height in front of bridge；top water level in front of bridge桥渡勘测设计survey and design of bridge crossing水面坡度slope of water surface水文测量hydrological survey泥石流流域catchment basin of debris flow分水岭watershed；dividing ridge汇水面积catchment area；water collecting area；drainage area洪水频率flood frequency设计流量design discharge设计水位design water level施工水位construction level；construction water level；working water level 设计洪水过程线designed flood hydrograph容许冲刷allowable scour一般冲刷general scour局部冲刷local scour；partial scour铁路测量railway survey线路踏勘；草测route reconnaissance初测preliminary survey定测location survey；alignment；final location survey导线测量traversing；traverse survey光电导线photoelectric traverse地形测量topographical survey横断面测量cross leveling；cross-section survey；cross-section leveling线路测量route survey；profile survey；longitudinal survey既有线测量；旧线测量survey of existing railway线路复测repetition survey of existing railway；resurvey of existing railway 测量精度survey precision；precision of survey均方差；中误差mean square error最大误差；极限误差maximum error；limiting error中线测量center line survey中线桩center line stake加桩additional stake；plus stake外移桩shift out stake；stake outward；offset stake水准点高程测量benchmark leveling中桩高程测量；中平center stake leveling曲线控制点curve control point放线setting-out of route；lay out of route交点intersection point副交点auxiliary intersection point转向角deflection angle分转向角auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角plane-coordinate azimuth象限角quadrantal angle经纬距plane rectangular coordinate断链broken chain投影断链projection of broken chain断高broken height铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测railway aerial photogrammetry铁路航空勘测railway aerial surveying航带设计flight strip design；design of flight strip铁路工程地质遥感remote sensing of railway engineering geology测段segment of survey航测选线aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry全球定位系统global positioning system；GPS像片索引图index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey；triangulation精密导线测量precise traverse survey；accurate traverse survey三角高程测量trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量ouside tunnel control survey隧道洞内控制测量in tunnel control survey；through survey隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal；geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量survey of bridge axis铁路选线railway location；approximate railway location；location of railway route selection平原地区选线location in plain region；plain location越岭选线location of mountain line；location of line in mountain region；location over mountain山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location；location of line of in mountain and valley region丘陵地段选线hilly land location；location of line on hilly land工程地质选线engineering geoligic location of line线间距distance between centers of tracks；midway between tracks车站分布distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison；route alternative投资回收期repayment period of capital cost纸上定线paper location of line缓坡地段section of easy grade；section of gentle slope紧坡地段section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段section of unsufficient grade；section fo insufficient grade导向线leading line；alignment guiding line拔起高度；克服高度height of lifting；lifting height；ascent of elevation横断面选线cross-section method of railway location；location with cross-section method；cross-section method for location of line展线extension of line；development of line；line development展线系数coefficient of extension line；coefficient of development line套线overlapping line线路平面图track plan；line plan线路纵断面图track profile；line profile站坪长度length of station site站坪坡度grade of station site控制区间control section；controlling section最小曲线半径minimum radius of curve圆曲线circular curve单曲线simple curve缓和曲线transition curve；easement curve；spiral transition curve缓和曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature；rate of transition curve复曲线compound curve同向曲线curves of same sense；adjacent curves in one direction反向曲线reverse curve；curve of opposite sense夹直线intermediate straight line；tangent between curves坡度grade；gradient；slope人字坡double spur grade限制坡度ruling grade；limiting grade加力牵引坡度pusher grade；assisting grade最大坡度maximum grade临界坡度critical grade长大坡度long steep grade；long heavy grade动力坡度momentum grade均衡坡度balanced grade有害地段harmful district无害地段harmless district变坡点point of gradient change；breake in grade坡段grade section坡段长度length of grade section坡度差algebraic difference between adjacent gradients竖曲线vertical curve分坡平段level stretch between opposite sign gradient缓和坡度slight grade；flat grade；easy grade起动缓坡flat gradient for starting加速缓坡easy gradient for acceleration；accelerating grade坡度折减compensation of gradient；gradient compensation；grade compensation 曲线折减compensation of curve；curve compesation隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel；compensation grade in tunnel 绕行地段detouring section；round section换侧；换边change side of double line容许应力设计法allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法plastic stage design method极限状态设计法limit state design method概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法probabilisatic limit state design method地震系数法seismic coefficient method路基subgrade；road bed；formation subgrade岩石路基rock subgrade渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade；pervious embankment非渗水土路基non-permeable soil subgrade；impervious embankment特殊土路基subgrade of special soil软土地区路基subgrade in soft soil zone；subgrade in soft；clay region泥沼地区路基subgrade in bog zone；subgrade in morass region；subgrade in swampland 膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基subgrade in swelling soil zone；subgrade in expansive soil region盐渍土地区路基subgrade in salty soil zone；subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soil zone特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition河滩路堤embankment on plain river beach滨河路堤embankment on river bank水库路基subgrade in reservoir；embankment crossing reservoir崩塌地段路基subgrade in rock fall district；subgrade in collapse zone岩堆地段路基subgrade in rock deposit zone；subgrade in talus zone；subgrade in scree zone滑坡地段路基subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基subgrade in karst zone洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone；subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone；subgrade in desert雪害地段路基subgrade in snow damage zone；subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基subgrade in debris flow zone路基横断面subgrade cross-section路基面subgrade surface；formation路基面宽度width of the subgrade surface；formation width路拱road crown；subgrade crown路肩Road shoulder；subgrade shoulder路肩高程formation level；shoulder level路堤embankment；fill路堑cut；road；cutting半堤半堑part-cut and part-fill section；cut and fill section基床subgrade bed；formation基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed；formation top layer；surface layer of subgrade 基床表层bottom layer of subgrade；formation base layer；bottom layer of subgrade bed 一般路基general subgrade；ordinary subgrade最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade；minimum height of fill临界高度critical height基底foundation base；base路堤边坡side slope of embankment；fill slope talus坡脚toe of side slope护道berm取土坑borrow pit路堤填料embankment fill material；embankment filler；filling material of embankment填料分类classification of filling material岩块填料rock block filler；rock filler；rock fill粗粒土填料coarse-grained soil filler；coarse-grained soil fill细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler；fine-grained soil fill压实标准compacting criteria相对密度relative density压实系数compacting factor；compacting coefficient最佳含水量optimum moisture content；best moisture content最佳密度optimum density；best density核子密度湿度测定determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承载板测定determination of bearing slab of subgrade预留沉落量reserve settlement；settlement allowance反压护道berm with superloading；berm for back pressure；counter swelling berm石灰砂桩lime sand pile换土change soil；soil replacement爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation；silt arresting by explosion；discharge of sedimentation by blasting抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation；packing sedimentation by throwing stones；packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路堑石方爆破rock cutting blasting；rock blasting in cut定向爆破directional blasting浅孔爆破shallow hole blasting深孔爆破deep hole blasting洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting；chamher blasting扬弃爆破abandoned blasting；abandonment blasting抛掷爆破pin-point blasting松动爆破blasting for loosening rock药壶爆破pot hole blasting裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting；contact blasting路堑边坡cutting slope；side slope of cut堑顶top of cutting slope；top of cutting路堑平台platform of cutting；berm in cutting弃土堆waste bank；bankette；spoil bank挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relieving platform；balanced type retaining wall锚定板挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retaining wall；anchored plate retaining wall加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall；reinforced soil retaining wall锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall；anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods管柱挡墙cylindrical shaft retaining wall沉井挡墙caisson retaining wall抗滑桩anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile护墙guard wall护坡slope protection；revertment；pitching排水沟weep drain；drainage ditch；drain ditch边沟；侧沟side ditch天沟gutter；overhead ditch；intercepting ditch吊沟suspended ditch跌水hydraulic drop截水沟intercepting ditch；catch-drain急流槽chute排水槽drainage channel渗水暗沟blind drain渗水隧洞leak tunnel；permeable tunnel；drainage tunnel渗井leaching well；seepage well渗管leaky pipe平孔排水horizontal hole drainage反滤层reverse filtration layer；inverted filter；protective filter 检查井inspection well；manhole砂井；排水砂井sand drain隔断层insulating course；insulating layer透水路堤pervious embankment；permeable embankment渗水路堤immerseable embankment排水砂垫层sand filled drainage layer；drainage sand blanker坡面防护slope protection护岸revetment；shore protection导流堤diversion dike拦石墙stone cut off wall；stone falling wall；buttree落石槽stone falling channel；trough for catching falling rocks 柴排firewood raft；mattress；willow fascine固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation挡风墙wind-break wall防风栅栏wind break fence砂土液化sand liquefaction中-活载CR-live loading；China railway standard loading桥梁标准活载standard live load for bridge桥梁荷载谱bridge load spectrum换算均布活载equivalent uniform live load设计荷载design load主力principal load恒载dead load土压力earth load静水压力hydrostatic pressure浮力buoyancy列车活载live load of train列车离心力centrifugal force of train列车冲击力；冲击荷载impact force of train冲击系数ceofficient of impact人行道荷载sidewalk loading附加力subsidiary load；secondary load列车制动力braking force of train列车牵引力tractive force of train风荷载wind load列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train流水压力pressure of water flow冰压力ice pressure冻胀力frost heaving force特殊荷载particular load船只或排筏的撞击力collision force of ship or raft地震力seismic force地震烈度earthquake intensity地震震级earthquake magnitude施工荷载constructional loading荷载组合loading conbination铁路桥railway bridge公铁两用桥combined bridge；combined highway and railway bridge；combined rail-cum-road bridge跨线桥；立交桥overpass bridge；grade separation bridge；flyover高架桥viaduct旱桥dry bridge人行桥foot bridge；pedestrian bridge圬工桥masonry bridge钢桥steel bridge铆接钢桥riveted steel bridge栓焊钢桥bolted and welded steel bridge全焊钢桥all welded steel bridge摩擦结合式高强度螺栓high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高强度螺栓torshear type high strength blot螺栓示功扳手bolt wrench with indicator混凝土桥concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder后张法预应力梁post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge结合梁桥composite beam bridge低高度梁shallow girder无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete；skeleton reinforced concrete girder简支梁桥simply supported beam bridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge板桥slab bridge空心板桥hollow slab bridge板梁plate girder工形梁I-beam箱形梁box girder槽形梁trough girder桁架truss拆装式桁架demountable truss刚架桥；刚构桥rigid frame bridge斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥strutted beam bridge；slant-legged rigid frame bridge悬板桥；悬带桥stressed ribbon bridge悬索桥；吊桥suspension bridge斜拉桥cable-stayed bridge浮桥pontoon bridge；floating bridge；bateau bridge拱桥arch bridge固端拱；无铰拱fixed-end arch双铰拱two-hinged arch三铰拱three-hinged arch实腹拱spandrel-filled arch；solid-spandrel arch空腹拱open-spandrel arch双曲拱two-way curved arch；cross-curved arch系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱tied arch榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥Langer bridge；flexible arch bridge with rigid tie洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Lohse bridge；rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders尼尔森桥Nielsen systen bridge尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsen type Lhse bridge；rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders活动桥movable bridge竖旋桥bascule bridge平旋桥swing bridge升降桥lift bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge曲线桥curved bridge曲梁curved beam特大桥super maior bridge大桥major bridge中桥medium bridge小桥minor bridge单线桥single track bridge双线桥double track bridge多线桥multi-track bridge正桥；主桥main bridge引桥approach spans上承式桥deck bridge半穿式桥；中承式half through bridge；midheight deck bridge 下承式桥through bridge双层桥double-deck bridge永久性桥permanent bridge临时性桥；便桥temporary bridge跨径；跨度span净跨clear spam桥梁全长overall length of bridge桥下净空underneath clearance主梁中心距center to center distance between main girder节间长度panel length梁高depth of girder拱度camber挠度deflection节间panel锚跨；锚孔anchor span悬跨；吊孔suspended span桥梁上部结构superstructure腹板web plate翼缘flange翼缘板flange plate弦杆chord member腹杆web member斜杆diagonal member竖杆vertical member吊杆suspender hanger加劲杆stiffener节点panel point节点板gusset plate拼接板splice plate缀条lacing bar缀板stay plate；tie plate侧向水平联结系lateral bracing横联sway bracing制动撑架braking bracing桥门架portal frame纵梁stringer横梁floor beam；transverse beam桥面系floor system端横梁end floor beam起重横梁jacking floor beam梁端缓冲梁auxiliary girder for controlling angle change 应变时效strain ageing碳当量carbon equivalent钢丝steel wire钢丝束bundled steel wires钢绞线steel strand钢筋reinforcement；steel bar箍筋stirrup纵向钢筋longitudinal reinforcement弯起钢筋bent-up bar架立钢筋erection bar构造钢筋constructional reinforcement预应力筋tendon套管sheath梁腋haunch拱圈arch ring拱肋arch rib拱顶rach crown拱矢rise of arch起拱点springing拱腹soffit拱腹线intrados拱背钱extrados桥塔bridge tower；pylon索平面cable plane缆索cable斜缆stay cable；inclined cable吊缆suspension cable索鞍cable saddle索夹cable band；cable clamp锚座socket锚碇anchorage明桥面open deck；ballastless deck；open floor桥梁道碴槽ballast trough道碴桥面ballasted deck；ballasted floor桥梁护轨guard rall of bridge桥梁护木guard timber of bridge桥枕bridge tie；bridge sleeper桥上人行道sidewalk on bridge步行板foot plank避车台refuge platform伸缩缝expansion joint正交异性板orthotropic plate栏杆railing；handrail；handrailing泻水孔drainage opening直结轨道track fastened directly to steel girders抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件shear connector支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expension bearing；movable bearing平板支座plate bearing摇轴芝座rocker bearing滚轴支座roller bearing球面支座spherical bearing板式橡胶支座laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座pot rubber bearing聚四氯乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing；PTFE bearing涡流激振wortex-excited oscillation弛振galloping颤振flutter扰流板spoiler风嘴wind fairing桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge浮运架桥法bridge erection by floating架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching拖拉架设法launching method赝架式架设法erection with scaffolding悬臂架设法catilever erection；erection by protrusion悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction；free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution；free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete预制混凝土构件precast concrete units；precast concrete members活动模架逐跨施工法segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller桥梁合龙closure就地贯注法cast-in-place method；cast-in-situ method活动吊篮travelling cradle顶进法jack-in method旋转法施工；转体施工erection by swing method液压式张拉千斤顶hydraulic tensioning jack桥梁下部结构substructure桥台abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment锚定板式桥台anchor slab abutmentU形桥台U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall台身abutment body前墙front wall台帽abutment coping翼墙wing wall锥体护坡quadrant revetment；truncated cone banking台后填方filling behind abutment桥墩pier空心桥墩hollow pier实体桥墩solid pier重力式桥墩gravity pier柔性桥墩flexible pier拼装式桥墩assembly pier；pier constructed with precast units制动墩braking pier柱式桥墩column pierV形桥墩V-shaped pier圆端形桥墩round-ended pier圆形桥墩circular pier矩形桥墩rectangular pier排架式桥墩pile bent pier墩身pier body；pier shaft墩帽pier coping围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment承台bearing platform破冰体ice apron；ice-breaking cutwater；ice guard地基foundation；foundation soil；subgrade加固地基improved foundation；improved ground天然地基natural foundation；natural ground桥梁基础bridge foundation扩大基础spread foundation明挖基础open-cut foundation；open excavation foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation浮式沉井基础floating caisson foundation沉井刃脚cutting edge of open caisson围堰cofferdam双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation 预制钢壳钻孔基础prefabricated steel shell bored foundation泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空气幕沉井法air curtain method for sinking caisson沉箱基础pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础tubular column foundation桩基础pile foundation预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile；cast-in-situ concrete pile螺旋喷射桩auger injected pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile钻孔桩bored pile挖孔桩dug pile钢桩steel pile钢管桩steel pipe pile钢板桩steel sheet pile板桩sheet pile木桩timber pile钢筋混凝土桩reinforced concrete pile砂桩sand pile挤密砂桩sand conpaction pile流砂quick sand；drift sand送桩pile follower试桩test pile斜桩batter pile；raking pile；spur pile护筒pile casting重锤夯实法heavy tamping method灰土换填夯实法mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping灌注水下混凝土underwater concreting；concreting with tremie method 导流建筑物regulating structure丁坝；挑水坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam河床铺砌river bed paving码头wharf排架bent脚手架scaffold悬空脚手架hanging stage；hanging scaffold铁路涵洞railway culvert涵洞孔径aperture of culvert管涵pipe culvert箱涵box culvert拱涵arch culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert压力式涵洞outlet submerged culvert半压力式涵洞inlet submerged culvert明渠open channel；open ditch；open drain倒虹吸管inverted siphon潮汐河流tidal river淤积silting；siltation流冰ice drift铁路轮渡railway car ferries轮渡站ferry station轮渡栈桥ferry trestle bridge渡轮ferry boat轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道ferry slip铁路隧道railway tunnel山岭隧道mountain tunnel越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道subway tunne；underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel；shallow burying tunnel 深埋隧道deep tunnel；deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道single track tunnel双线隧道double track tunnel多线隧道multiple track tunnel车站隧道station tunnel地铁车站subway station；metro station特长隧道super long tunnel长隧道long tunnel中长隧道medium tunnel短隧道short tunnel隧道群tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口tunne ladit；tunnel opening隧道进口tunnel entrance隧道出口tunnel exit迎坡；正面坡front slope洞门tunnel portal洞门框tunnel portal frame端墙式洞门end wall tunnel portal柱式洞门post tunnel portal翼墙式洞门wing wall tunnel portal耳墙式洞门ear wall tunnel portal台阶式洞门bench tunnel portal正洞门orthonormal tunnel portal；straight tunnel portal斜洞门skew tunnel portal明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal；gallery portal衬砌lining拱圈arch边墙side wall仰拱invert；inverted arch底板floor整体式衬砌integral lining装配式衬砌precast lining；prefabricated lining。
铁路专业英文词汇
铁路专业词汇一、铁路；铁道railway railroad铁路线 railway line； railroad line铁路网 railway network； railroad network 铁道科学 railway science铁路技术 railway technology铁路等级 railway classification国有铁路 national railway； state railway 地方铁路 local railway； regional railway 私有铁路 private railway合资铁路 joint investment railway； jointly owned railway标准轨铁路 standard-gage railway窄轨铁路 narrow-gage railway米轨铁路 meter-gage railway宽轨铁路 broad-gage railway单线铁路 single track railway双线铁路 double track railway多线铁路 multiple track railway重载铁路 heavy haul railway高速铁路 high speed railway电气化铁路；电力铁路 electrified railway；electric railway干线铁路 main line railway； trunk railway 市郊铁路 suburban railway地下铁道；地铁 subway； metro； underground railway工业企业铁路 industry railway矿山铁路 mine railway轻轨铁路 light railway； light rail高架铁路 elevated railway单轨铁路；独轨铁路monorail；monorail railway磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway；maglev 森林铁路 forest railway山区铁路 mountain railway既有铁路 existing railway新建铁路 newly-built railway改建铁路 reconstructed railway运营铁路 railway in operation； operation；operating railway专用铁路 special purpose railway干线 trunk line； main line支线 branch line铁路专用线 railway special line货运专线 railway line for freight traffic；freight special line； freight traffic only line客运专线 railway line for passenger traffic；passenger special line； passenger traffic only line客货运混合铁路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度；运营里程 operation length of railway； operating distance； revenue length 列车运行图 train diagram铁路建筑长度 construction length of railway 区间 section区段 district轨距 rail gage； rail gauge轮重 wheel load轴重 axle load最大轴重 maximum allowable axle load限制轴重 axle load limited限界 clearance； gauge限界图 clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance； structure clearance for railway；railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental constructionclearance； fundamental structure gauge桥梁建筑限界 bridge construction clearance；bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限 tunnel construction clearance；tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界 rolling stock clearance for railway； vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界 clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界 clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界 loading clearance limit； loading gauge阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension； clearance limit for oversize commodities接触网限界clearance limit for overhead contract wire； clearance limit for overhead catenary system； overhead catenary system gauge列车与线路相互作用 track-train interaction 轮轨关系 wheel-rail relation； wheel-rail interaction粘着系数 adhesion coefficient车轮滑行 wheel sliding； wheel skid车轮空转 wheel slipping牵引种类kinds of traction；category of traction牵引方式 mode of traction牵引定数 tonnage rating； tonnage of traction 装载系数 loading coefficient速度 speed持续速度 continuous speed限制速度 limited speed； speed restriction 均衡速度 balancing speed构造速度 construction speed； design speed 最高速度 maximum speed临界速度 critical speed重载列车 heavy haul train高速列车 high speed train超长超重列车 exceptionally long and heavy train列车正面冲突 train collision列车尾追 train tail collision列车尾部防护 train rear end protection伸缩运动 fore and aft motion蛇行运动 hunting； nosing列车压缩 train running in列车拉伸 train running out列车分离 train separation列车颠覆 train overturning列车动力学 train dynamics列车空气动力学 train aerodynamics机车车辆振动 vibration of rolling stock纵向振动 longitudinal vibration横向振动 lateral vibration垂向振动 vertical vibration摆滚振动 rock-roll vibration浮沉振动 bouncing； vibration测滚振动 rolling ； vibration测摆振动 swaying； vibration点头振动 pitching； nodding摇头振动 yawing； hunting机车车辆共振 resonance of rolling stock机车车辆冲击 impact of rolling纵向冲击 longitudinal impact横向冲击 lateral impact垂向冲击 vertical impact货运站综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations at freight station行车指挥自动化 automation of traffic control 编组场综合作业自动化automation ofsynthetic operations in marshalling yard铁路运营信息系统railway operation information system铁路数据交换系统railway data exchange system运营系统模拟 simulation of operation system 铁路法 railway law铁道法规 railway act铁路条例 railway code铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technical operation综合运输comprehensive transport；multi-mode transport； intermode transport 国际铁路联运 international railway through traffic大陆桥；洲际铁路 transcontinental railway；intercontinental railway； land-railway国际联运协定agreement of international through traffic国际联运议定书protocol of international through traffic国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic二、铁路新线建设newly-built railway construction铁路技术改造 technical reform of railway；technical renovation of railway； betterment and improvement of railway铁路主要技术条件 main technical standard of railway；main techincal requirement of railway单位工程 unit project分部工程 part project分项工程 item project预可行性研究 pre-feasibility study项目建议书 proposed task of project 可行性研究 feasibility study设计阶段 design phase； design stage三阶段设计 three-step design； three-phase design两阶段设计two-step design；two-phase design一阶段设计one-step design；one-phase design初步设计 preliminary design技术设计 technical design扩大初步设计 enlarged preliminary design；expanded preliminary design施工图设计construction detail design；working-drawing design变更设计 altered design设计概算 apporximate estimate of design；budgetary estimate of design个别概算 individual approximate estimate综合概算 comprehensive approximate estimate 总概算 sum of approximate estimate； total estimate； summary estimate修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate； revised general estimate调整总概算adjusted sum of approximate estimate投资检算 checking of investment预算定额 rating of budget； rating form for budget概算定额 rating of approximate estimate；rating form for estimate投资估算 investment estimate估算指标 index of estimate机械台班定额 rating per machine per team；rating per machine-team工程直接费 direct expense of project； direct cost of project工程间接费indirect expense of project；indirect cost of project工程预备费 reserve fund of project设计鉴定 certification of design； appraisal of design竣工决算 final accounts of completed project 铁路用地 right-of-way铁路勘测 railway reconnaissance调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation；investigation survey；investigation surveying and sketching地形调查 topographic survey地貌调查topographic feature survey；geomorphologic survey地质调查 geologic survey经济调查 economic investigation； economic survey水文地质调查 hydrogeologic survey土石成分调查survey of soil and rock composition土石物理力学性质physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock土石分类 classification of soil and rock地基承载力 bearing capacity of foundation；bearing capacity of ground；bearing of subgrade隧道围岩分级classification of tunnel surrounding rock地质图测绘 survey and drawing of geological map； surveying and sketching of geological map勘探 exploration； prospecting挖探 excavation prospecting钻探 boring； exploration drilling物探 geophysical prospecting室内测试 indoor test； laboratory test 原位测试 in situ test静力触探 static sounding； static probing；cone penetration test动力触探试验 dynamic penetration test标准贯入试验 standard penetration test区域地质 regional geology工程地质 engineering geology不良地质 unfavorable geology特殊地质 special geology工程地质条件engineering geologic；requirement； engineering geologic condition 气象资料 meteorological data冻结深度 freezing depth地震基本烈度 basic intensity of earthquake；seismic basic intensity工程地质图 engineering geological map地层柱状图column diagram of stratum；graphic logs of strata； drill log of stratum 洪水调查 flood survey河道调查 river course survey冰凌调查 ice floe survey； frazil ice survey 汇水区流域特征调查 survey of catchment basin characteristics水文断面hydrologic sectional drawing；dydrologic section；hydrologic cross-section主河槽 main river channel设计流速 design current velocity设计高程；设计标高 design elevation河流比降 slope of river； comparable horizon of river历史洪水位 historic flood level最高水位 highest water level； HWL通航水位 navigation water level； NWL桥涵水文 hydrology of bridge and culvert水利半径 hydraulic radius桥前壅水高度 backwater height in front of bridge； top water level in front of bridge 桥渡勘测设计survey and design of bridge crossing水面坡度 slope of water surface水文测量 hydrological survey泥石流流域 catchment basin of debris flow 分水岭 watershed； dividing ridge汇水面积 catchment area； water collecting area； drainage area洪水频率 flood frequency设计流量 design discharge设计水位 design water level施工水位 construction level； construction water level； working water level设计洪水过程线 designed flood hydrograph容许冲刷 allowable scour一般冲刷 general scour局部冲刷 local scour； partial scour三、铁路测量 railway survey线路踏勘；草测 route reconnaissance初测 preliminary survey定测location survey；alignment；final location survey导线测量 traversing； traverse survey光电导线 photoelectric traverse地形测量 topographical survey横断面测量 cross leveling； cross-section survey； cross-section leveling线路测量route survey；profile survey；longitudinal survey既有线测量；旧线测量survey of existing railway线路复测repetition survey of existing railway； resurvey of existing railway测量精度survey precision；precision of survey均方差；中误差 mean square error最大误差；极限误差 maximum error； limiting error中线测量 center line survey中线桩 center line stake加桩additional stake； plus stake外移桩shift out stake；stake outward；offset stake水准点高程测量 bench mark leveling中桩高程测量；中平 center stake leveling曲线控制点 curve control point放线 setting-out of route； lay out of route 交点 intersection point副交点 auxiliary intersection point转向角 deflection angle分转向角 auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角 plane-coordinate azimuth象限角 quadrantal angle经纬距 plane rectangular coordinate断链 broken chain投影断链 projection of broken chain断高 broken height铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测 railway aerial photogrammetry铁路航空勘测 railway aerial surveying航带设计flight strip design；design of flight strip铁路工程地质遥感 remote sensing of railway engineering geology测段 segment of survey航测选线 aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry全球定位系统 global positioning system； GPS 像片索引图 index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey；triangulation精密导线测量precise traverse survey；accurate traverse survey三角高程测量 trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量outside tunnel control survey隧道洞内控制测量 in tunnel control survey；through survey隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal；geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量 survey of bridge axis铁路选线railway location；approximate railway location； location of railway route selection平原地区选线 location in plain region； plain location越岭选线 location of mountain line； location of line in mountain region； location over mountain山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location； location of line of in mountain and valley region丘陵地段选线 hilly land location； location of line on hilly land工程地质选线 engineering geoligic location of line线间距 distance between centers of tracks；midway between tracks车站分布 distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison；route alternative投资回收期 repayment period of capital cost 纸上定线 paper location of line缓坡地段 section of easy grade； section of gentle slope紧坡地段 section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段 section of unsufficient grade；section fo insufficient grade导向线 leading line； alignment guiding line 拔起高度；克服高度height of lifting；lifting height； ascent of elevation横断面选线 cross-section method of railway location；location with cross-section method； cross-section method for location of line展线 extension of line； development of line；line development展线系数coefficient of extension line；coefficient of development line套线 overlapping line线路平面图 track plan； line plan线路纵断面图 track profile； line profile 站坪长度 length of station site站坪坡度 grade of station site控制区间control section；controlling section最小曲线半径 minimum radius of curve圆曲线 circular curve单曲线 simple curve缓和曲线 transition curve； easement curve；spiral transition curve缓和曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature； rate of transition curve复曲线 compound curve同向曲线curves of same sense；adjacent curves in one direction反向曲线 reverse curve； curve of opposite sense夹直线 intermediate straight line； tangent between curves坡度 grade； gradient； slope人字坡 double spur grade限制坡度 ruling grade； limiting grade加力牵引坡度 pusher grade； assisting grade 最大坡度 maximum grade临界坡度 critical grade长大坡度 long steep grade； long heavy grade 动力坡度 momentum grade均衡坡度 balanced grade有害地段 harmful district无害地段 harmless district变坡点 point of gradient change； breake in grade坡段 grade section坡段长度 length of grade section坡度差 algebraic difference between adjacent gradients竖曲线 vertical curve分坡平段 level stretch between opposite sign gradient缓和坡度 slight grade； flat grade； easy grade起动缓坡 flat gradient for starting加速缓坡 easy gradient for acceleration；accelerating grade坡度折减 compensation of gradient； gradient compensation； grade compensation曲线折减compensation of curve；curve compesation隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel； compensation grade in tunnel绕行地段 detouring section； round section 换侧；换边 change side of double line容许应力设计法allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法 plastic stage design method 极限状态设计法 limit state design method 概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法probabilisatic limit state design method 地震系数法 seismic coefficient method四、路基subgrade；road bed；formation subgrade岩石路基 rock subgrade渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade；pervious embankment非渗水土路基 non-permeable soil subgrade；impervious embankment特殊土路基 subgrade of special soil软土地区路基 subgrade in soft soil zone；subgrade in soft； clay region泥沼地区路基 subgrade in bog zone； subgrade in morass region； subgrade in swampland 膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基 subgrade in swelling soil zone； subgrade in expansive soil region盐渍土地区路基 subgrade in salty soil zone；subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soil zone特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition河滩路堤 embankment on plain river beach 滨河路堤 embankment on river bank水库路基 subgrade in reservoir； embankment crossing reservoir崩塌地段路基 subgrade in rock fall district；subgrade in collapse zone岩堆地段路基 subgrade in rock deposit zone；subgrade in talus zone； subgrade in scree zone滑坡地段路基 subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基 subgrade inkarst zone洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone；subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone； subgrade in desert雪害地段路基 subgrade in snow damage zone；subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基 subgrade in debris flow zone 路基横断面 subgrade cross-section路基面 subgrade surface； formation路基面宽度 width of the subgrade surface；formation width路拱 road crown； subgrade crown路肩 Road shoulder； subgrade shoulder路肩高程 formation level； shoulder level 路堤 embankment； fill路堑 cut； road； cutting半堤半堑 part-cut and part-fill section； cut and fill section基床 subgrade bed； formation基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed；formation top layer；surface layer of subgrade基床表层 bottom layer of subgrade； formation base layer； bottom layer of subgrade bed一般路基general subgrade；ordinary subgrade最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade； minimum height of fill临界高度 critical height基底 foundation base； base路堤边坡side slope of embankment；fill slope talus坡脚 toe of side slope护道 berm取土坑 borrow pit 路堤填料embankment fill material；embankment filler；filling material of embankment填料分类 classification of filling material 岩块填料 rock block filler； rock filler；rock fill粗粒土填料coarse-grained soil filler；coarse-grained soil fill细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler；fine-grained soil fill压实标准 compacting criteria相对密度 relative density压实系数compacting factor；compacting coefficient最佳含水量 optimum moisture content； best moisture content最佳密度 optimum density； best density核子密度湿度测定 determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承载板测定 determination of bearing slab of subgrade预留沉落量 reserve settlement； settlement allowance反压护道 berm with superloading； berm for back pressure； counter swelling berm石灰砂桩 lime sand pile换土 change soil； soil replacement爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation； silt arresting by explosion；discharge of sedimentation by blasting抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation；packing sedimentation by throwing stones； packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路堑石方爆破 rock cutting blasting； rock blasting in cut定向爆破 directional blasting浅孔爆破 shallow hole blasting深孔爆破 deep hole blasting洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting； chamher blasting扬弃爆破 abandoned blasting； abandonment blasting抛掷爆破 pin-point blasting松动爆破 blasting for loosening rock药壶爆破 pot hole blasting裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting；contact blasting路堑边坡 cutting slope； side slope of cut 堑顶 top of cutting slope； top of cutting 路堑平台platform of cutting；berm in cutting弃土堆 waste bank； bankette； spoil bank 五、防护工程Protection works挡土墙 retaining wall重力式挡土墙 gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙 balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relieving platform； balanced type retaining wall锚定板挡土墙 anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retaining wall；anchored plate retaining wall加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall； reinforced soil retaining wall锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall；anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods管柱挡墙 cylindrical shaft retaining wall 沉井挡墙 caisson retaining wall抗滑桩anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile护墙 guard wall护坡 slope protection； revetment； pitching 排水沟 weep drain； drainage ditch； drain ditch边沟；侧沟 side ditch天沟 gutter； overhead ditch； intercepting ditch吊沟 suspended ditch跌水 hydraulic drop截水沟 intercepting ditch； catch-drain急流槽 chute排水槽 drainage channel渗水暗沟 blind drain渗水隧洞 leak tunnel； permeable tunnel；drainage tunnel渗井 leaching well； seepage well渗管 leaky pipe平孔排水 horizontal hole drainage反滤层 reverse filtration layer； inverted filter； protective filter检查井 inspection well； manhole砂井；排水砂井 sand drain隔断层 insulating course； insulating layer 透水路堤pervious embankment；permeable embankment渗水路堤 immerseable embankment排水砂垫层sand filled drainage layer；drainage sand blanker坡面防护 slope protection护岸 revetment； shore protection导流堤 diversion dike拦石墙 stone cut off wall； stone falling wall； buttree落石槽 stone falling channel； trough for catching falling rocks柴排firewood raft；mattress；willow fascine固沙造林stabilization for sands byafforestation挡风墙 wind-break wall防风栅栏 wind break fence砂土液化 sand liquefaction六、桥梁 bridge中-活载CR-live loading；China railway standard loading桥梁标准活载 standard live load for bridge 桥梁荷载谱 bridge load spectrum换算均布活载 equivalent uniform live load 设计荷载 design load主力 principal load恒载 dead load土压力 earth load静水压力 hydrostatic pressure浮力 buoyancy列车活载 live load of train列车离心力 centrifugal force of train列车冲击力；冲击荷载 impact force of train 冲击系数 ceofficient of impact人行道荷载 sidewalk loading附加力 subsidiary load； secondary load列车制动力 braking force of train列车牵引力 tractive force of train风荷载 wind load列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train流水压力 pressure of water flow冰压力 ice pressure冻胀力 frost heaving force特殊荷载 particular load船只或排筏的撞击力 collision force of ship or raft地震力 seismic force地震烈度 earthquake intensity地震震级 earthquake magnitude 施工荷载 constructional loading荷载组合 loading conbination铁路桥 railway bridge公铁两用桥combined bridge；combined highway and railway bridge；combined rail-cum-road bridge跨线桥；立交桥overpass bridge；grade separation bridge； flyover高架桥 viaduct旱桥 dry bridge人行桥 foot bridge； pedestrian bridge圬工桥 masonry bridge钢桥 steel bridge铆接钢桥 riveted steel bridge栓焊钢桥 bolted and welded steel bridge全焊钢桥 all welded steel bridge摩擦结合式高强度螺栓 high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高强度螺栓 torshear type high strength blot螺栓示功扳手 bolt wrench with indicator混凝土桥 concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥 reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥 prestressed concrete bridge 先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder后张法预应力梁 post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge结合梁桥 composite beam bridge低高度梁 shallow girder无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁 girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete；skeleton reinforced concrete girder简支梁桥 simply supported beam bridge连续梁桥 continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥 cantilever beam bridge板桥 slab bridge空心板桥 hollow slab bridge板梁 plate girder工形梁 I-beam箱形梁 box girder槽形梁 trough girder桁架 truss拆装式桁架 demountable truss刚架桥；刚构桥 rigid frame bridge斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥 strutted beam bridge；slant-legged rigid frame bridge悬板桥；悬带桥 stressed ribbon bridge悬索桥；吊桥 suspension bridge斜拉桥 cable-stayed bridge浮桥pontoon bridge；floating bridge；bateau bridge拱桥 arch bridge固端拱；无铰拱 fixed-end arch双铰拱 two-hinged arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch实腹拱 spandrel-filled arch； solid-spandrel arch空腹拱 open-spandrel arch双曲拱 two-way curved arch； cross-curved arch系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱 tied arch榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥 Langer bridge；flexible arch bridge with rigid tie洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Lohse bridge； rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders尼尔森桥 Nielsen systen bridge 尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsen type Lhse bridge； rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders活动桥 movable bridge竖旋桥 bascule bridge平旋桥 swing bridge升降桥 lift bridge正交桥 right bridge斜交桥 skew bridge曲线桥 curved bridge曲梁 curved beam特大桥 super maior bridge大桥 major bridge中桥 medium bridge小桥 minor bridge单线桥 single track bridge双线桥 double track bridge多线桥 multi-track bridge正桥；主桥 main bridge引桥 approach spans上承式桥 deck bridge半穿式桥；中承式half through bridge；midheight deck bridge下承式桥 through bridge双层桥 double-deck bridge永久性桥 permanent bridge临时性桥；便桥 temporary bridge跨径；跨度 span净跨 clear span桥梁全长 overall length of bridge桥下净空 underneath clearance主梁中心距 center to center distance between main girder节间长度 panel length梁高 depth of girder拱度 camber挠度 deflection节间 panel锚跨；锚孔 anchor span悬跨；吊孔 suspended span桥梁上部结构 superstructure腹板 web plate翼缘 flange翼缘板 flange plate弦杆 chord member腹杆 web member斜杆 diagonal member竖杆 vertical member吊杆 suspender hanger加劲杆 stiffener节点 panel point节点板 gusset plate拼接板 splice plate缀条 lacing bar缀板 stay plate； tie plate侧向水平联结系 lateral bracing横联 sway bracing制动撑架 braking bracing桥门架 portal frame纵梁 stringer横梁 floor beam； transverse beam桥面系 floor system端横梁 end floor beam起重横梁 jacking floor beam梁端缓冲梁 auxiliary girder for controlling angle change应变时效 strain ageing碳当量 carbon equivalent钢丝 steel wire钢丝束 bundled steel wires钢绞线 steel strand钢筋 reinforcement； steel bar 箍筋 stirrup纵向钢筋 longitudinal reinforcement弯起钢筋 bent-up bar架立钢筋 erection bar构造钢筋 constructional reinforcement预应力筋 tendon套管 sheath梁腋 haunch拱圈 arch ring拱肋 arch rib拱顶 rach crown拱矢 rise of arch起拱点 springing拱腹 soffit拱腹线 intrados拱背钱 extrados桥塔 bridge tower； pylon索平面 cable plane缆索 cable斜缆 stay cable； inclined cable吊缆 suspension cable索鞍 cable saddle索夹 cable band； cable clamp锚座 socket锚碇 anchorage明桥面 open deck； ballastless deck； open floor桥梁道碴槽 ballast trough道碴桥面 ballasted deck； ballasted floor 桥梁护轨 guard rail of bridge桥梁护木 guard timber of bridge桥枕 bridge tie； bridge sleeper桥上人行道 sidewalk on bridge步行板 foot plank避车台 refuge platform伸缩缝 expansion joint正交异性板 orthotropic plate栏杆 railing； handrail； handrailing泻水孔 drainage opening直结轨道 track fastened directly to steel girders抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件 shear connector支座 bearing固定支座 fixed bearing活动支座 expension bearing； movable bearing 平板支座 plate bearing摇轴芝座 rocker bearing滚轴支座 roller bearing球面支座 spherical bearing板式橡胶支座 laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座 pot rubber bearing聚四氯乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing； PTFE bearing涡流激振 wortex-excited oscillation弛振 galloping颤振 flutter扰流板 spoiler风嘴 wind fairing桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge浮运架桥法 bridge erection by floating架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching拖拉架设法 launching method赝架式架设法 erection with scaffolding悬臂架设法 catilever erection； erection by protrusion悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction；free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork 悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution； free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete预制混凝土构件precast concrete units；precast concrete members活动模架逐跨施工法 segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller桥梁合龙 closure就地贯注法cast-in-place method；cast-in-situ method活动吊篮 travelling cradle顶进法 jack-in method旋转法施工；转体施工 erection by swing method 液压式张拉千斤顶 hydraulic tensioning jack 桥梁下部结构 substructure桥台 abutment重力式桥台 gravity abutment埋置式桥台 buried abutment锚定板式桥台 anchor slab abutmentU形桥台 U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall台身 abutment body前墙 front wall台帽 abutment coping翼墙 wing wall锥体护坡 quadrant revetment； truncated cone banking台后填方 filling behind abutment桥墩 pier空心桥墩 hollow pier实体桥墩 solid pier重力式桥墩 gravity pier柔性桥墩 flexible pier拼装式桥墩 assembly pier； pier constructed with precast units制动墩 braking pier柱式桥墩 column pierV形桥墩 V-shaped pier圆端形桥墩 round-ended pier圆形桥墩 circular pier矩形桥墩 rectangular pier排架式桥墩 pile bent pier墩身 pier body； pier shaft墩帽 pier coping围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment承台 bearing platform破冰体 ice apron； ice-breaking cutwater；ice guard地基 foundation； foundation soil； subgrade 加固地基improved foundation；improved ground天然地基 natural foundation； natural ground 桥梁基础 bridge foundation扩大基础 spread foundation明挖基础open-cut foundation；open excavation foundation沉井基础 open caisson foundation浮式沉井基础 floating caisson foundation沉井刃脚 cutting edge of open caisson围堰 cofferdam双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation预制钢壳钻孔基础 prefabricated steel shell bored foundation泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空气幕沉井法 air curtain method for sinking caisson沉箱基础 pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础 tubular column foundation 桩基础 pile foundation预制桩 precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile；cast-in-situ concrete pile螺旋喷射桩 auger injected pile摩擦桩 friction pile支承桩 bearing pile钻孔桩 bored pile挖孔桩 dug pile钢桩 steel pile钢管桩 steel pipe pile钢板桩 steel sheet pile板桩 sheet pile木桩 timber pile钢筋混凝土桩 reinforced concrete pile砂桩 sand pile挤密砂桩 sand conpaction pile流砂 quick sand； drift sand送桩 pile follower试桩 test pile斜桩 batter pile； raking pile； spur pile 护筒 pile casting重锤夯实法 heavy tamping method灰土换填夯实法mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping灌注水下混凝土underwater concreting；concreting with tremie method导流建筑物 regulating structure丁坝；挑水坝 spur dike顺坝 longitudinal dam河床铺砌 river bed paving码头 wharf排架 bent脚手架 scaffold悬空脚手架 hanging stage； hanging scaffold 七、铁路涵洞 railway culvert涵洞孔径 aperture of culvert管涵 pipe culvert箱涵 box culvert拱涵 arch culvert盖板涵 slab culvert无压力涵洞 inlet unsubmerged culvert压力式涵洞 outlet submerged culvert半压力式涵洞 inlet submerged culvert明渠 open channel； open ditch； open drain 倒虹吸管 inverted siphon潮汐河流 tidal river淤积 silting； siltation流冰 ice drift铁路轮渡 railway car ferries轮渡站 ferry station轮渡栈桥 ferry trestle bridge渡轮 ferry boat轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道 ferry slip八、铁路隧道 railway tunnel山岭隧道 mountain tunnel越岭隧道 over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道 subway tunne； underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel； shallow burying tunnel深埋隧道 deep tunnel； deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道 single track tunnel双线隧道 double track tunnel多线隧道 multiple track tunnel车站隧道 station tunnel地铁车站 subway station； metro station特长隧道 super long tunnel长隧道 long tunnel 中长隧道 medium tunnel短隧道 short tunnel隧道群 tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口 tunne ladit； tunnel opening隧道进口 tunnel entrance隧道出口 tunnel exit迎坡；正面坡 front slope洞门 tunnel portal洞门框 tunnel portal frame端墙式洞门 end wall tunnel portal柱式洞门 post tunnel portal翼墙式洞门 wing wall tunnel portal耳墙式洞门 ear wall tunnel portal台阶式洞门 bench tunnel portal正洞门 orthonormal tunnel portal； straight tunnel portal斜洞门 skew tunnel portal明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal；gallery portal衬砌 lining拱圈 arch边墙 side wall仰拱 invert； inverted arch底板 floor整体式衬砌 integral lining装配式衬砌 precast lining； prefabricated lining模筑衬砌 moulded lining洞口段衬砌 lining of tunnel portal section 偏压衬砌 unsymmetrically loading lining；eccentrically compressed lining组合衬砌；复合衬砌 composite lining初期支护 primary support二次衬砌 secondary lining。
铁路科技英文词典
1通类铁道，又称铁路railway, railroad铁路线railway line, railroad line铁路网railway network, railroad network铁道科学railway science铁路技术railway technology铁路等级railway classification国有铁路national railway, state railway地方铁路local railway, regional railway私有铁路private railway合资铁路joint investment railway, jointly owned railway准轨铁路standard-gage railway窄轨铁路narrow-gage railway米轨铁路meter-gage railway宽轨铁路broad-gage railway单线铁路single track railway双线铁路double track railway多线铁路multiple track railway重载铁路heavy haul railway高速铁路high speed railway电气化铁路，又称‘电力铁道’electrified railway, electric railway干线铁路main line railway, trunk railway市郊铁路suburban railway地下铁道，简称地铁subway, metro, underground railway工业企业铁路industry railway矿山铁路mine railway轻轨铁路light railway, light rail高架铁路elevated railway单轨铁路，又称‘独轨铁路’monorail, monorail railway磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway, maglev森林铁路forest railway山区铁路mountain railway即有铁路existing railway新建铁路newly-built railway改建铁路reconstructed railway运营铁路railway in operation, operating railway专用铁路special purpose railway干线trunk line, main line支线branch line铁路专用线railway special line货运专线railway line for freight traffic, freight special line, freight trffic only line客运专线railway line for passenger traffic, passenger special line, passenger traffic only line客货运混合线路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度，又称‘运营里程’operating length of railway, operating distance, revenue length列车运行图train diagram铁路建筑长度construction length of railway区间section区段district轨距rail gage, rail gauge轮重wheel load轴重axle load最大轴重maximum allowable axle load限制轴重axle load limited限界clearance, gauge限界图clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance, structure clearance for railway, railway structure gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance, fundamental structure gauge桥梁建筑限界bridge construction clearance, bridge structure gauge隧道建筑限界tunnel construction clearance, tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界rolling stock clearance (for railway), vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界loading clearance limit, loading gauge阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension, limit for oversize commodities接触网限界clearance limit for overhead contact wire, clearance limit for overhed catenary system, overhead catenary system gauge 列车与线路相互作用track-train interaction轮轨关系wheel-rail relation, wheel- rail interaction粘着系数adhesion coefficient车轮滑行wheel sliding, wheel skid车轮空转wheel slipping牵引种类kinds of traction, category of traction牵引方式mode of traction牵引定数tonnage rating, tonnage of traction装载系数loading coefficient速度speed持续速度continuous speed限制速度limited speed, speed restriction均衡速度balancing speed构造速度construction speed, design speed最高速度maximum speed临界速度critical speed重载列车heavy haul train高速列车high speed train超长超重列车exceptionally long and heavy train列车正面冲突train collision列车尾追train tail collision列车尾部防护train rear end protection伸缩运动fore and aft motion蛇行运动hunting, nosing列车压缩train running in列车拉伸train running out列车分离train separation列车颠覆train overturning列车动力学train dynamics列车空气动力学train aerodynamics机车车辆振动vibration of rolling stock纵向振动longitudinal vibration横向振动lateral vibration垂向振动vertical vibration摆滚振动rock-roll vibration浮沉振动bouncing (vibration)侧滚振动rolling (vibration)侧摆振动swaying (vibration)点头振动pitching (vibration), nodding (vibration)摇头振动yawing (vibration), hunting (vibration)机车车辆共振resonance of rolling stock机车车辆冲击impact of rolling stock纵向冲击longitudinal impact横向冲击lateral impact垂向冲击vertical impact货运站综合作业自动化automation of sythetic operations at freight station行车指挥自动化automation of traffic control编组场综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations in marshalling yard铁路运营信息系统railway operation information system铁路数据交换系统railway data exchange system运营系统模拟simulation of operation system铁路法Railway Law铁道法规railway act铁路条例railway code铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technical operation综合运输comprehensive transport, multi-mode transport, intermode transport国际铁路联运international railway thtough traffic大陆桥，又称“洲际铁路”transcontinental railway, intercontinental railway, land railway国际联运协定agreement of international through traffic国际联运议定书protocol of international trough traffic国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic2铁道工程建设2.1铁路新线建设铁路新线建设newly-built railway construction铁路技术改造technical reform of railway, technical renovation of railway, betterment and improvement of railway 铁路主要技术条件main technical standard of railway, main technical requirement of railway单位工程 unit project分部工程part project分项工程item project预可行性研究pre-feasibility study项目建议书proposed task of project可行性研究feasibility study设计阶段design phase, design stage三阶段设计three-step design, three-phase design两阶段设计two-step design, two-phase design一阶段设计one-step design, one-phase design初步设计preliminary design技术设计technical design扩大初步设计enlarged preliminary design, expanded preliminary design施工图设计construction detail design, working-drawing design变更设计altered design设计概算approximate estimate of design, budgetary estimate of design个别概算individual approximate eatimate综合概算comprehensive approximate estimate总概算sum of approximate estimate，total estimate, summary estimate修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate，revised general estimate调整总概算adjusted sum of approximate estimate投资检算checking of investment预算定额rating of budget, rating form for budget投资估算investment estimate估算指标index of estimate机械台班定额rating per machine per team，rating per machine-team工程直接费direct expense of project，direct cost of project工程间接费indirect expense of project，indirect cost of project工程预备费reserve fund of project设计鉴定certifacation of design, appraisal of design竣工决算final accounts of completed project铁路用地right-of-way铁路勘测railway reconnaissance调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation，investigation survey，investigation surveying and sketching 地形调查topographic survey地貌调查topographic feature survey，geomorphologic survey地质调查geologic survey经济调查economic investigation，economic survey水文地质调查hydrogeologic survey土石成分调查survey of soi1 and rock composition土石物理力学性质physicaland mechanical properties of soil，and rock土石分类classification of soil and rock地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation，bearing capacity of ground，bearing capacity of subgrade 隧道围岩分级classification of tunnel surrounding rock地质图测绘survey and drawing of geological map，surveying and sketching of geological map勘探exploration prospecting挖探excavation prospecting钻探boring(prospecting), exploration drilling物探geophysical prospecting室内测试indoor test，laboratory test原位测试in situ test静力触探static sounding，static probing, cone penetration test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test标准贯入试验standard penetration test区域地质regional geology工程地质engineering geology不良地质unfavorable geology特殊地质special geology工程地质条件engineering geologic requirement，engineering geologic condition气象资料meteorological data冻结深度freezing depth地震基本烈度basic intensity of earthquake, seismic basic intensity工程地质图 engineering geological map地层柱状图column diagram of stratum,graphic logs of strata, drill log of stratum洪水调查flood survey河道调查river course survey冰凌调查ice floe survey, frazil ice survey汇水区流域特征调查survey of catchment basin characteristics水文断面hydrologic sectional drawing, hydrologic section, hydrologic cross-section主河槽main river channel设计流速design current velocity设计高程，又称“设计标高” design elevation河流比降slope of river, comparable horizon of river历史洪水位historic flood level最高水位highest water level, HWL通航水位navigation water level, NWL桥涵水文hydrology of bridge and culvert水力半径hydraulic radius桥前壅水高度backwater height in front of bridge, top water level in front of bridge桥渡勘测设计survey and design of bridge crossing水面坡度slope of water surface水文测量hydrological survey泥石流流域catchment basin of debris flow分水岭watershed, dividing ridge汇水面积catchment area, water collecting area, drainage area.洪水频率flood frequency设计流量design discharge设计水位design water level施工水位construction level, construction water level, working water level设计洪水过程线designed flood hydrograph容许冲刷allowable scour一般冲刷general scour局部冲刷local scour, partial scour2.2铁路勘测铁路测量railway survey线路踏勘，又称“草测”route reconnaissance初测preliminary survey定测location survey, alignment, final location survey导线测量traversing, traverse survey光电导线photoelectric traverse地形测量topographical survey横断面测量cross leveling, cross-section survey, cross-section leverling线路测量route survey, profile survey, longitudinal survey既有线测量，又称“旧线测量”survey of existing railway线路复测repetition survey of existing railway, resurvey of existing railway测量精度survey precision, precision of survey均方[误]差，又称“中误差”mean square error最大误差，又称“极限误差”maximum error, limiting error中线测量center line survey中线桩center line stake加桩additional stake, plus stake外移桩shift out stake, stake outward, offset stake水准点高程测量，又称“基平”benchmark leveling中桩高程测量，又称“中平”center stake leveling曲线控制点curve control point放线setting-out of route, lay out of route交点intersection point副交点auxiliary intersection point转向角deflection angle分转向角auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角plane-coordinate azimuth象限角quadrantal angle经纬距plane rectangular coordinate断链broken chain投影断链projection of broken chain断高broken height铁路航空摄影测量，简称“铁路航测”railway aerial photogrammetry铁路航空勘测railway aerial surveying航带设计flight strip design, design of flight strip铁路工程地质遥感remote sensing of railway engineering geology测段segment of survey航测选线aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry全球定位系统global positioning system, GPS编辑复照图，又称“像片索引图”index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey, triangulation精密导线测量precise traverse survey, accurate survey三角高程测量trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量outside tunnel control survey隧道洞内控制测量，又称“贯通测量”intunnel control survey, through survey隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal, geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量suryey of bridge axis2.3铁路选线铁路选线railway location, approximate railway location,location of railway route selection平原地区选线location in plain region, plain location越岭选线location of mountain line, location of line in mountain region, location over mountain山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location, location of line in mountain and valley region丘陵地段选线hilly land location, location of line on hilly land工程地质选线engineering geologic location of line线间距[离]distance between centers of tracks, midway between tracks车站分布distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison, route alternative投资回收期repayment period of capital cost纸上定线paper location of line缓坡地段section of easy grade, section of gentle slope紧坡地段section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段section of unsufficient grade, section of inficient grade导向线leading line, alignment guiding line拔起高度，又称“克服高度”height of lifting, lifting height, ascent of elevation横断面选线cross-section method of railway location, location with cross-section method, cross-section method for location of line 展线extension of line, development of line, line development展线系数coefficient of extension line, coefficient of developed line套线overlapping line线路平面图track plan, line plan线路纵断面图track profile, line profile站坪长度length of station site站坪坡度grade of station site控制区间control section, controlling section最小曲线半径minimum radius of curve圆曲线circular curve单曲线simple curve缓和曲线transition curve, easement curve, spiral transition curve缓和曲线半径变更率rate of easement curvature, rate of transition curve复曲线compound curve同向曲线curves of same sense，adjacent curves in one direction反向曲线reverse curve, curve of opposite sense夹直线intermediate straight line, tangent between curves坡度grade, gradient, slope人字坡double spur grade限制坡度ruling grade, limiting grade加力牵引坡度pusher grade, assisting grade最大坡度maximum grade临界坡度critical grade长大坡道long steep grade, long heavy grade动力坡度momentum grade均衡坡度balanced grade有害地段harmful district无害地段harmless district变坡点point of gradient change, break in grade坡段grade section坡段长度length of grade section坡度[代数]差algebraic difference between adjacent gradients竖曲线vertical curve分坡平段level stretch between opposite sign gradient缓和坡度slight grade, flat grade, easy grade起动缓坡flat gradient for starting加速缓坡easy gradient for acceleration, accelerating grade坡度折减 compensation of gradient, gradient compensation, grade compensation曲线折减compensation of curve, curve compensation隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel, compensation grade in tunnel绕行地段detouring section, round section换侧，又称“换边”change side of double line容许应力设计法allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法plastic stage design method极限状态设计法limit state design method概率极限状态设计法，又称“可靠度设计法”probabilistic limit state design method地震系数法seismic coefficient method2.4路基工程路基subgrade, road bed, formation subgrade岩石路基rock subgrade渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade, pervious embankment非渗水土路基non-permeable soil subgrade, impervious embankment特殊土路基subgrade of special soil软土地基路基subgrade in soft soil zone, subgrade in soft, clay region泥沼地区路基subgrade in bog [soil] zone, subgrade in morass region, subgrade in swampland膨胀土地区路基subgrade in swelling soil zone, subgrade in expansive soil region盐渍土地区路基subgrade in salty soil zone, subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soil zone特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition河滩路基embankment on plain river beach滨河路基embankment on river bank水库路基subgrade in reservoir, embankment crossing reservoir崩塌地段路基subgrade in rock fall district, subgrade in collapse zone盐堆地段路基subgrade in rock deposit zone, subgrade in talus zone, subgrade in scree zone滑坡地段路基subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基，又称“客斯特地段路基”subgrade in karst zone洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone, subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone, subgrade in desert雪害地段路基subgrade in snow damage zone, subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基subgrade in debris flow zone路基横断面subgrade cross-section路基面subgrade surface, formation路基面宽度width of the subgrade surface, formation width路拱road crown, (subgrade) crown路肩(road) shoulder, subgrade shoulder路肩高程formation level, shoulder level路堤embankment, fill路堑cut, road cutting半堤半堑part-cut and part-fill section, cut and fill section基床subgrade bed, formation基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed, formation top layer,surface layer of subgrade基床底层bottom layer of subgrade, formation base layer, bottom layer of subgrade bed一般路基general subgrade,ordinary subgrade最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade, minimum height of fill临界高度critical height基底foundation base, base路堤边坡side slope of embankment, fill slope坡脚toe of side slope护道berm取土坑borrow pit路堤填料embankment fill material, embankment filler, filling material of embankment填料分类classification of filling material岩块填料rock block filler, rock filler, rock fill粗粒土填料coarse-grained soil filler, coarse-grained soil fill细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler, fine-grained soil fill压实标准compacting criteria相对密度relative density压实系数compacting factor, compacting coefficient最佳含水量opttmum moisture content, best moisture content最佳密度optimum density, best核子密度湿度测定determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承载板测定determination of bearing slab of subgrade, bearing slab method for subgrade testing, bearing plate test on subgrade 预留沉落量reserve settlement, settlement allowance反压护道berm with superloading, berm for back pressure, counter swelling berm石灰砂桩lime sand pile换土change soil, soil replacement爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation, silt arresting by explosion, discharge of sedimentation by blasting抛石排淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation, packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路堑石方爆破rock cutting blasting,rock blasting in cut定向爆破directional blasting浅孔爆破shallow hole blasting深孔爆破deep hole blasting洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting, chamher blasting扬弃爆破abandoned blasting, abandonment blasting抛掷爆破pin-point blasting松动爆破blasting for loosening rock药壶爆破pot hole blasting裸露药包爆破adobe blasting, contact blasting路堑边坡cutting slope, side slope of cut堑顶top of cutting slope, top of cutting路堑平台platform of cutting, berm in cutting弃土堆waste bank, bankette, spoil bank挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall, gravity retaining wall with relieving platform, balanced type retaining wall锚定板挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods, anchored bulkhead retaining wall, anchored plate retaining wall加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall, reinforced soil retaining wall锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall, anchored retaining wall by tie rods管柱挡墙cylindrical shaft retaining wall沉井挡墙caisson retaining wall抗滑桩anti-slide pile, counter-sliding pile护墙guard wall护坡slope protection, revetment, pitching排水沟weep drain, drainage ditch, drain ditch边沟，又称“侧沟”side ditch天沟gutter, overhead ditch, intercepting ditch吊沟suspended ditch跌水hydraulic drop截水沟intercepting ditch, catch-drain急流槽chute排水槽drainage channel渗水暗沟blind drain渗水隧洞leak tunnel, permeable tennel, drainage tunnel渗井leaching well,seepage well渗管leaky pipe平孔排水horizontal hole drainage反滤层reverse filtration layer, inverted filter, protective filter检查井inspection well, manhole沙井，又称“排水砂井”sand drain隔断层insulating course, insulating layer透水路堤pervious embankment, permeable embankment渗水路堤immerseable embankment排水沙垫层sand filled drainage layer, drainage sand blanket坡面防护slope protection护岸revetment, shore protection导流堤diversion dike拦石墙stone cut off wall, stone falling wall, buttress wall for intercepting falling rocks落石槽stone falling channel, trough for catching falling rocks柴排firewood raft, mattress, willow fascine固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation挡风墙wind-break wall防风栅栏wind break fence砂土液化sand liquefaction中-活载CR-live loading, China railway standard live loading桥梁标准活载standard live load for bridge桥梁荷载谱bridge load spectrum换算均布活载equivalent uniform live load设计荷载design load恒载dead load土压力earth pressure静水压力hydrostatic pressure浮力buoyancy列车活载llve load of train列车离心力centrifugal force of train列车冲击力，又称“冲击荷载”impact force of train冲击系数coefficient of impact人行道荷载sidewalk loading附加力subsidiary load, secondary load列车制动力braking force of train列车牵引力tractive force of train风（荷）载wind load列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train流水压力pressure of water flow冰压力ice pressure冻胀力frost heaving force特殊荷载particular load船只或排筏的撞击力collision force of ship or raft地震力seismic force地震烈度earthquake intensity地震震级earthquake magnitude施工荷载constructional loading荷载组合loading combination2.5桥涵工程铁路桥railway bridge公铁两用桥combined bridge, combined highway and railway bridge, combined rail-cum-road bridge 跨线桥，又称“立交桥”overpass bridge, grade separation bridge, flyover高架桥viaduct旱桥dry bridge人行桥foot bridge, pedestrian bridge坞工桥masonry bridge钢桥steel bridge铆接钢桥riveted steel bridg~栓接钢桥bolted and welded steel bridge全焊钢桥all welded steel bridge摩擦结合式高强度螺栓high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高强度螺栓torshear type high strength bolt螺栓示工扳手bolt wrench with indicator混凝土桥concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder后张法预应力梁post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge结合梁桥composite beam bridge低高度梁shallow girder无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper型钢混凝土梁，又称“劲性骨架混凝土梁”girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete, skeleton reinforced concrete girder 简支梁桥simply supported beam bridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge板桥slab bridge空心板桥hollow slab bridge板梁plate girder工形梁I-beam箱形梁box girder槽形梁trough girder桁架truss拆装式桁架demountable truss钢架桥，又称“刚构桥”rigid frame bridge斜腿刚架桥，又称“斜腿刚构桥”strutted beam bridge, slant-legged rigid frame bridge悬板桥，又称“悬带桥”stressed ribbon bridge悬索桥，又称“吊桥”suspension bridge斜拉桥，又称“斜张桥”cable-stayed bridge浮桥pontoon bridge, floating bridge, bateau bridge拱桥arch bridge固端拱，又称“无铰拱”fixed-end arch双铰拱two-hinged arch三铰拱three-hinged arch实腹拱spandrel-filled arch, solid-spandrel arch空腹拱open-spandrel arch双曲拱two-way curved arch, cross-curved arch系杆拱，又称“刚性系杆柔性拱桥”tied arch朗格尔式桥，又称“刚性系杆柔性拱桥”Langer bridge, flexible arch bridge with rigid tie洛泽式桥,又称“直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥”Lohse bridge, rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical suspenders尼尔森体系桥Nielsen system bridgeNielsen type Lohse bridge, rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and inclined suspenders 尼尔森式洛泽梁桥,又称“直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥”活动桥movable bridge竖旋桥bascule bridge平旋桥swing bridge升降桥lift bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge曲线桥curved bridge曲梁curved beam特大桥super major bridge大桥major bridge中桥medium bridge小桥minor bridge单线桥single track bridge双线桥double track bridge多线桥muti-track bridge正桥，又称“主桥”main bridge引桥approach bridge上承式桥deck bridge半穿式桥，又称“中承式桥”half through bridge, midheight deck bridge下承式桥through bridge双层桥double-deck bridge永久性桥permanent bridge临时性桥，又称“便桥”temporary bridge跨径，又称“跨度”span净跨clear span桥梁全长overall length of bridge桥下净空underneath clearance主梁中心距center to center distance between main girder节间长度panel length梁高depth of girder拱度camber挠度deflection节间panel锚跨，又称“锚孔”anchor span悬跨，又称“吊孔”suspended span桥梁上部结构superstructure腹板web plate翼缘flange翼缘板flange plate弦杆chord member腹杆web member斜杆diagonal member竖杆vertical member吊杆suspender, hanger加劲杆stiffener节点panel point节点板gusset plate拼接板splice plate缀条lacing bar缀板stay plate, tie plate侧向水平联结系lateral bracing横联sway bracing制动撑架braking bracing桥门架portal frame纵梁stringer横梁floor beam, transverse beam桥面系floor system端横梁end floor beam起重横梁jacking floor beam梁端缓冲梁auxiliary girder for controlling angle change应变时效strain ageing碳当量carbon equivalent钢丝steel wire钢丝束bundled steel wires钢绞线steel strand钢筋reinforcement, steel bar箍筋stirrup纵向钢筋longitudinal reinforcement弯起钢筋bent-up bar架立钢筋erection bar构造钢筋constructional reinforcement预应力筋tendon套管sheath梁腋haunch[桥涵]拱圈arch ring拱肋arch rib拱顶arch crown拱矢rise of arch起拱点springing拱腹soffit拱腹线intrados拱背线extrados桥塔bridge tower, pylon索平面cable plane缆索cable斜缆stay cable, inclined cable吊缆suspension cable索鞍cable saddle索夹cable band, cable clamp锚座socket锚碇anchorage明桥面open deck, ballastless deck, open floor桥梁道碴槽ballast trough道碴桥面ballast deck, ballast floor桥梁护轨guard rail of bridge桥梁护木guard timber of bridge桥枕bridge tie, bridge sleeper桥上人行道sidewalk on bridge步行板foot plank避车台refuge platform伸缩缝expansion joint正交异性板orthotropic plate栏杆railing, handrail, handrailing泄水孔drainage opening直结轨道track fastened directly to steel girders抗剪连接件，又称“抗剪结合件”shear connector支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing, movable bearing平板支座plate bearing摇轴支座rocker bearing滚轴支座roller beating球面支座Spherical bearing板式橡胶支座laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座pot rubber bearing聚四氟乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroethylene bearing, PTFE bearing涡流激振vortex-excited oscillation驰振galloping颤振flutter扰流板spoiler风嘴wind fairing桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge浮运架桥法bridge erection by floating架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching拖拉架设法launching method膺架式架设法erection with scaffolding悬臂架设法cantilever erection, erection by protrusion悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction, free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork 悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling construction, free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete预制混凝土构件precast concrete units, precast concrete members活动模架逐跨施工法segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller桥梁合龙closure就地灌筑法cast-in-place method, cast-in-situ method活动吊篮travelling cradle顶进法jack-in method旋转法施工，又称“转体施工”erection by swing method液压式张拉千斤顶hydraulic tensioning jack桥梁下部结构substructure桥台abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment锚定板式桥台anchor slab abutmentU形桥台U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall台身abutment body前墙front wall台帽abutment coping翼墙wing wall锥体护坡quadrant revetment, truncated cone banking台后填方filling behind abutment桥墩pier空心桥墩hollow pier实体桥墩solid pier重力式桥墩gravity pier柔性[桥]墩flexible pier拼装式桥墩assembly pier, pier constructed with precast units制动墩braking pier柱式桥墩column pierV型桥墩V-shaped pier圆端形桥墩round-ended pier圆形桥墩circular pier矩形桥墩rectangular pier排架式桥墩pile bent pier墩身pier body, pier shaft墩帽pier coping围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment承台bearing platform破冰体ice apron, ice-breaking cutwater, ice guard地基foundation, foundation soil, subgrade加固地基improved foundation, improved ground天然地基natural foundation, natural ground桥梁基础bridge foundation扩大基础spread foundation明挖基础open-cut foundation,open excavation foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation浮式沉井基础floating caisson foundation沉井刃脚cutting edge of open caisson围堰cofferdam双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation预制钢壳钻孔基础prefabricated steel shell bored foundation泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空气幕沉井法air curtain method for sinking caisson沉箱基础pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础tubular column foundation柱基础pile foundation预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile, cast-in-sku concrete pile 螺旋喷射桩auger injected pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile钻孔桩bored pile挖孔桩dug pile钢桩steel pile钢管桩steel pipe pile钢板桩steel sheet pile板桩sheet pile木桩timber pile钢筋混凝土桩reinforced concrete pile砂桩sand pile挤密砂桩sand compaction pile流砂quick sand, drift sand送桩pile follower试桩test pile斜桩batter pile, raking pile, spur pile护筒pile casing重锤夯实法heavy tamping method灰土换填夯实法method of lime-soil replacement and tamping灌筑水下混凝土underwater concreting, concreting with tremie method 导流建筑物regulating structure丁坝，又称“挑水坝”spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam河床铺砌river bed paving码头wharf排架bent脚手架scaffold悬空脚手架hanging stage, hanging scaffold铁路涵洞railway culvert涵洞孔径aperture of culvert管涵pipe culvert箱涵box culvert拱涵arch culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert压力式涵洞outlet submerged culvert半压力式涵洞inlet submerged culvert明渠open channel, open ditch, open drain倒虹吸管inverted siphon潮汐河流tidal river淤积silting, siltation流冰ice drift铁路轮渡railway car ferries轮渡站ferry station轮渡栈桥ferry trestle bridge渡轮ferry boat轮渡引线，又称“轮渡斜引道”ferry slip2.6隧道工程铁路隧道railway tunnel山岭隧道mountain tunnel越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel水下隧道，又称“水底隧道”subaqueous tunnel, underwater tunnel地铁隧道subway tunnel, underground railway tunnel, metro tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel, shallow-depth tunnel, shallow burying tunnel深埋隧道deep tunnel, deep-depth tunnel, deep burying tunnel单线隧道single track tunnel双线隧道double track tunnel多线隧道multiple track tunnel车站隧道station tunnel地铁车站subway station, metro station特长隧道super long tunnel长隧道long tunnel中长隧道medium tunnel短隧道short tunnel隧道群tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering, metro engineering洞口tunnel adit, tunnel opening隧道进口tunnel entrance隧道出口tunnel exit仰坡，又称“正面坡”front slope洞门tunnel portal洞门框tunnel portal frame端墙式洞门end wall tunnel portal柱式洞门post tunnel portal翼墙式洞门wing wall tunnel portal耳墙式洞门ear wall tunnel portal台阶式洞门bench tunnel portal正洞门orthonormal tunnel portal, straight tunnel portal斜洞门skew tunnel portal明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal, gallery portal衬砌lining[隧道]拱圈arch边墙side wall仰拱invert, inverted arch底板floor整体式衬砌integral lining装配式衬砌precast lining, prefabricated lining模筑衬砌moulded lining洞口段衬砌lining of tunnel portal section偏压衬砌unsymmerrically loading lining, eccentrically compressed lining组合衬砌，又称“复合衬砌”composite lining初期支护primary support二次衬砌scondary lining隔离层isolation layer喷锚支护shotcrete bolt lining下锚段衬砌,又称"接触网锚段衬砌"anchor-section lining挤压混凝土衬砌extruding concrete tunnel lining隔热层thermal insulation layer明洞open-cut tunnel, tunnel without cover, gallery拱形明洞arch open cut tunnel, arch tunnel without cover, arch gallery棚洞shed tunnel, shed gallery路堑式明洞cut-type open cut tunnel, cut-type tunnel without cover,cut-type gallery半路堑式明洞part cut-type open cut tunnel, part cut-type tunnel without cover, part cut-type gallery抗滑明洞anti-skid-type open cut tunnel,anti-skid-type tunnel without cover, anti-skid-type gallery 盖板式棚洞slab shed tunnel, slab shed gallery刚架式棚洞framed shed tunnel, framed shed gallery悬臂式棚洞cantilever shed tunnel, cantilever shed gallery隧道专家系统expert system of tunnel围岩surrounding rock围岩压力pressure of surrounding rock地层压力ground pressure, stratum pressure松弛压力relaxation pressure形变压力deformation pressure围岩自承能力self-supporting capacity of surrounding rock坑道自稳时间self-stabilization time of tunnel弹性抗力elastic resistance灌浆压力groutmg pressure落石冲击力impact force of falling stone隧道埋置深度，简称“埋深”buried depth of tunnel地温梯度geothermal gradient地应力crustal stress预留变形量deformation allowance暗挖法subsurface excavation method明挖法open-cut method矿山法mining method, mine tunnelling method钻[眼]爆[破]法drilling and blasting method新奥法New Austrian Tunnelling Method, NATM喷锚构筑法shotcrete-bolt construction method掘进机法tunnel boring machine method盾构法shield method沉管法immersed tunnelling method。
中国铁路专业词汇中英翻译
1 4毫米锁闭check 4mm opening of a switch point2 矮型信号机dwarf signal3 安全电路vital circuit4 安全接点safety contact5 按钮push-in button6 按钮表示button indication7 半自动闭塞机semi-automatic block machine8 半自动闭塞联系电路liaison circuit with semi-automatic blocks9 半自动化驼峰系统semi-automatic hump yard system10 保护区段overlap protection block section11 备电源stand-by power source12 被控点controlled point13 闭路式轨道电路close type track circuit14 闭塞分区block section15 闭塞机block instrument16 臂板接触器contacts operated by semaphore17 臂板转极器pole changer operated by semaphore18 变压器箱transformer box19 标准分路灵敏度standard shunting sensitivity20 表示indication21 表示灯indication lamp22 表示灯电源power source for indication lamp23 表示电路indication circuit24 表示对象indicated object25 表示杆indication rod26 表示连接杆connecting rod for indication27 表示盘indicating panel28 表示器indicator29 表示周期indication cycle30 并联式轨道电路multiply connected track circuit31 并置信号点double signal location32 不对称脉冲轨道电路asymmetrical impulse track circuit33 不限时人工解锁manual non-time release34 材质不良bad material35 操纵台operating console36 侧撞conering37 测长distance-to-coupling measurement38 测试环线test loop39 测速speed measurement40 测重weight sensing41 测阻rollability measurement42 插接不良plug-in trouble43 岔中绝缘insulated joint within a turnout44 场间联系电路liaison circuit between yards45 车档表示器buffer stop indicator46 车辆存在监测器presence monitor47 车辆加速器car accelerator48 车轮传感器wheel detector49 车门自动控制automatic train door control50 车站控制station master control51 出站信号机starting signal52 储风罐air reservoir53 储酸室acid store room54 传动系统driving system55 传输继电器transmitting relay56 串联式轨道电路serially connected track circuit57 磁路系统magnetic circuit58 从属信号机dependent signal59 错溜miseroute60 错误办理wrong handling错误关闭信号false stopping of a signal62 错误解锁false release63 错误开放信号wrong clearing of a signal64 错误锁闭false locking65 错误显示wrong indication66 大功率转辙机heavy duty switch machine67 大站电气集中联锁relay interlocking for large station68 带柄道岔表示器switch indicator with level69 带动道岔switch with follow up movement70 单独操纵继电式电气集individual level type all-relay interlocking71 单独操纵作业manual operation72 单断single break73 单轨条式轨道电路single rail track circuit74 单频感应器single frequency inductor75 单线臂板信号机single wire semaphore signal76 单线继电半自动闭塞single track all-relay semi-automatic block system77 单向自动闭塞single-directional running automatic block78 单置信号点single signal location79 弹力继电器spring-type relay80 导管调整器pipe compensator81 导线导轮wire carrier82 导线调整器wire compensator83 导线反正扣wire-adjusting screw84 导线立轮vertical wheel85 导线平轮horizontal wheel86 导线平轮组horizontal wheel assembly87 导线装置wire installation88 导向安全failure to the safe side89 到发线出岔电路protection circuit with switch lying in receiving-90 道岔表示switch indication91 道岔表示电源power source for switch indication92 道岔表示器switch indicator93 道岔错误表示false indication of a switch94 道岔定位表示switch normal indication95 道岔动作电源power source for switch operation96 道岔反位表示switch reverse indication97 道岔封锁switch closed up98 道岔控制电路switch control circuit99 道岔控制电源power source for switch control100 道岔密贴switch point closure。
1997年公布的铁道科学技术名词
1997年公布的铁道科学技术名词【实用版】目录1.铁道科学技术名词的发展背景和意义2.1997 年版铁道科学技术名词的主要内容3.1997 年版铁道科学技术名词的特点和影响正文【铁道科学技术名词的发展背景和意义】铁道科学技术名词作为我国铁路技术发展的重要组成部分，其产生和发展具有深远的历史背景。
自 19 世纪末，铁路技术逐渐传入我国，铁道科学技术名词也随之而来。
在新中国成立后，我国铁路事业取得了长足的发展，铁道科学技术名词也日益丰富和完善。
为了规范和统一铁道科学技术名词，提高铁路行业的技术水平和交流效率，我国相关部门开始组织编制铁道科学技术名词。
【1997 年版铁道科学技术名词的主要内容】1997 年，我国公布了一套较为完整的铁道科学技术名词，该版名词主要包括以下几个方面：1.基本概念和术语：如铁路、火车、铁轨等；2.铁路线路和设备：如铁路线路、道岔、信号等；3.机车车辆：如蒸汽机车、内燃机车、电力机车等；4.铁路运输：如客运、货运、列车等；5.铁路通信信号：如信号设备、通信设备等；6.铁路工程：如铁路建设、桥梁、隧道等；7.铁路维修养护：如设备维修、养护等。
【1997 年版铁道科学技术名词的特点和影响】1997 年版铁道科学技术名词的公布，为我国铁路行业提供了一套统一、规范的名词体系，具有以下几个特点：1.系统性：该版名词涵盖了铁路行业的各个方面，形成了一个完整的体系；2.规范性：统一了名词的表述，消除了行业内的交流障碍；3.实用性：满足了铁路行业技术发展和实际应用的需要；4.动态性：随着铁路技术的发展，名词体系也在不断完善和更新。
此外，1997 年版铁道科学技术名词的公布对我国铁路行业的发展产生了深远的影响，主要表现在：1.提高了铁路行业的技术水平和交流效率；2.为铁路行业的科技创新和成果转化提供了有力支撑；3.促进了铁路行业的国际交流与合作。
总之，1997 年公布的铁道科学技术名词对于规范我国铁路行业的技术名词和提高行业技术水平具有重要意义。
1997年公布的铁道科学技术名词
在1997年公布的铁道科学技术名词在1997年，铁道部正式公布了一批铁道科学技术的名词，从而标志着我国铁路建设和技术水平的新飞跃。
这一批名词的发布，不仅仅是对铁路工作者的激励，更是对我国铁路发展的一次壮举，为我国铁路事业的发展提供了坚实的基础和强大的动力。
在这一批公布的名词中，包含了多个领域的专业名词，如铁路线路工程、铁路桥梁工程、铁路隧道工程、铁路电气化工程、铁路通信信号工程等。
这些名词的公布，不仅仅是对铁路工作者技术水平的要求，更是对整个铁路行业的发展和进步的要求。
可以说，这批名词的公布不仅仅是一次技术革新，更是对整个铁路行业质量和标准的提升。
在铁路线路工程方面，这批名词的公布为铁路线路的建设和维护提供了一系列的专业术语和标准。
铁路轨道工程中提到了“道基”、“铁轨”、“道床”等名词，这些名词的使用，为铁路线路工程提供了统一的术语标准，方便了铁路工作者的交流和合作。
这些名词的使用也为铁路线路工程的规范化和标准化提供了重要的基础，为铁路线路的安全和稳定提供了强有力的保障。
在铁路桥梁工程和铁路隧道工程方面，这批名词的公布为铁路桥梁和隧道的设计和建设提供了专业的术语和标准。
铁路桥梁工程中提到了“桥墩”、“桥梁”、“桥面”等名词，这些名词的使用，不仅方便了铁路桥梁工作者的交流和合作，更为铁路桥梁工程的设计和建设提供了统一的术语标准。
这些名词的使用也为铁路桥梁工程的规范化和标准化提供了重要的基础，为铁路桥梁的安全和稳定提供了强有力的保障。
在铁路电气化工程和铁路通信信号工程方面，这批名词的公布为铁路电气化和通信信号的建设和维护提供了专业的术语和标准。
铁路电气化工程中提到了“电力设备”、“接触网”、“信号系统”等名词，这些名词的使用，为铁路电气化和通信信号工作者的交流和合作提供了便利，更为铁路电气化和通信信号工程的设计和建设提供了统一的术语标准。
这些名词的使用也为铁路电气化和通信信号工程的规范化和标准化提供了重要的基础，为铁路电气化和通信信号的安全和稳定提供了强有力的保障。
铁路专业英文词汇
铁路专业词汇一、铁路；铁道railway railroad铁路线 railway line； railroad line铁路网 railway network； railroad network 铁道科学 railway science铁路技术 railway technology铁路等级 railway classification国有铁路 national railway； state railway 地方铁路 local railway； regional railway 私有铁路 private railway合资铁路 joint investment railway； jointly owned railway标准轨铁路 standard-gage railway窄轨铁路 narrow-gage railway米轨铁路 meter-gage railway宽轨铁路 broad-gage railway单线铁路 single track railway双线铁路 double track railway多线铁路 multiple track railway重载铁路 heavy haul railway高速铁路 high speed railway电气化铁路；电力铁路 electrified railway；electric railway干线铁路 main line railway； trunk railway 市郊铁路 suburban railway地下铁道；地铁 subway； metro； underground railway工业企业铁路 industry railway矿山铁路 mine railway轻轨铁路 light railway； light rail高架铁路 elevated railway单轨铁路；独轨铁路monorail；monorail railway磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway；maglev森林铁路 forest railway山区铁路 mountain railway既有铁路 existing railway新建铁路 newly-built railway改建铁路 reconstructed railway运营铁路 railway in operation； operation；operating railway专用铁路 special purpose railway干线 trunk line； main line支线 branch line铁路专用线 railway special line货运专线 railway line for freight traffic；freight special line； freight traffic only line客运专线 railway line for passenger traffic；passenger special line； passenger traffic only line客货运混合铁路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度；运营里程 operation length of railway； operating distance； revenue length 列车运行图 train diagram铁路建筑长度 construction length of railway 区间 section区段 district轨距 rail gage； rail gauge轮重 wheel load轴重 axle load最大轴重 maximum allowable axle load限制轴重 axle load limited限界 clearance； gauge限界图 clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance； structure clearance for railway；railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance； fundamental structure gauge桥梁建筑限界 bridge construction clearance；bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限 tunnel construction clearance；tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界 rolling stock clearance for railway； vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界 clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界 clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界 loading clearance limit； loading gauge阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension； clearance limit for oversize commodities接触网限界clearance limit for overhead contract wire； clearance limit for overhead catenary system； overhead catenary system gauge列车与线路相互作用 track-train interaction 轮轨关系 wheel-rail relation； wheel-rail interaction粘着系数 adhesion coefficient车轮滑行 wheel sliding； wheel skid车轮空转 wheel slipping牵引种类kinds of traction；category of traction牵引方式 mode of traction牵引定数 tonnage rating； tonnage of traction 装载系数 loading coefficient速度 speed持续速度 continuous speed 限制速度 limited speed； speed restriction 均衡速度 balancing speed构造速度 construction speed； design speed 最高速度 maximum speed临界速度 critical speed重载列车 heavy haul train高速列车 high speed train超长超重列车 exceptionally long and heavy train列车正面冲突 train collision列车尾追 train tail collision列车尾部防护 train rear end protection伸缩运动 fore and aft motion蛇行运动 hunting； nosing列车压缩 train running in列车拉伸 train running out列车分离 train separation列车颠覆 train overturning列车动力学 train dynamics列车空气动力学 train aerodynamics机车车辆振动 vibration of rolling stock纵向振动 longitudinal vibration横向振动 lateral vibration垂向振动 vertical vibration摆滚振动 rock-roll vibration浮沉振动 bouncing； vibration测滚振动 rolling ； vibration测摆振动 swaying； vibration点头振动 pitching； nodding摇头振动 yawing； hunting机车车辆共振 resonance of rolling stock机车车辆冲击 impact of rolling纵向冲击 longitudinal impact横向冲击 lateral impact垂向冲击 vertical impact货运站综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations at freight station行车指挥自动化 automation of traffic control 编组场综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations in marshalling yard铁路运营信息系统railway operation information system铁路数据交换系统railway data exchange system运营系统模拟 simulation of operation system 铁路法 railway law铁道法规 railway act铁路条例 railway code铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technical operation综合运输comprehensive transport；multi-mode transport； intermode transport 国际铁路联运 international railway through traffic大陆桥；洲际铁路 transcontinental railway；intercontinental railway； land-railway国际联运协定agreement of international through traffic国际联运议定书protocol of international through traffic国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic二、铁路新线建设newly-built railway construction铁路技术改造 technical reform of railway；technical renovation of railway； betterment and improvement of railway铁路主要技术条件 main technical standard of railway；main techincal requirement of railway 单位工程 unit project分部工程 part project分项工程 item project预可行性研究 pre-feasibility study项目建议书 proposed task of project可行性研究 feasibility study设计阶段 design phase； design stage三阶段设计 three-step design； three-phase design两阶段设计two-step design；two-phase design一阶段设计one-step design；one-phase design初步设计 preliminary design技术设计 technical design扩大初步设计 enlarged preliminary design；expanded preliminary design施工图设计construction detail design；working-drawing design变更设计 altered design设计概算 apporximate estimate of design；budgetary estimate of design个别概算 individual approximate estimate综合概算 comprehensive approximate estimate 总概算 sum of approximate estimate； total estimate； summary estimate修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate； revised general estimate调整总概算adjusted sum of approximate estimate投资检算 checking of investment预算定额 rating of budget； rating form for budget概算定额 rating of approximate estimate；rating form for estimate投资估算 investment estimate估算指标 index of estimate机械台班定额 rating per machine per team；rating per machine-team工程直接费 direct expense of project； direct cost of project工程间接费indirect expense of project；indirect cost of project工程预备费 reserve fund of project设计鉴定 certification of design； appraisal of design竣工决算 final accounts of completed project 铁路用地 right-of-way铁路勘测 railway reconnaissance调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation；investigation survey；investigation surveying and sketching地形调查 topographic survey地貌调查topographic feature survey；geomorphologic survey地质调查 geologic survey经济调查 economic investigation； economic survey水文地质调查 hydrogeologic survey土石成分调查survey of soil and rock composition土石物理力学性质physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock土石分类 classification of soil and rock地基承载力 bearing capacity of foundation；bearing capacity of ground；bearing of subgrade隧道围岩分级classification of tunnel surrounding rock地质图测绘 survey and drawing of geological map； surveying and sketching of geological map勘探 exploration； prospecting挖探 excavation prospecting钻探 boring； exploration drilling物探 geophysical prospecting室内测试 indoor test； laboratory test原位测试 in situ test静力触探 static sounding； static probing；cone penetration test动力触探试验 dynamic penetration test标准贯入试验 standard penetration test区域地质 regional geology工程地质 engineering geology不良地质 unfavorable geology特殊地质 special geology工程地质条件engineering geologic；requirement； engineering geologic condition 气象资料 meteorological data冻结深度 freezing depth地震基本烈度 basic intensity of earthquake；seismic basic intensity工程地质图 engineering geological map地层柱状图column diagram of stratum；graphic logs of strata； drill log of stratum 洪水调查 flood survey河道调查 river course survey冰凌调查 ice floe survey； frazil ice survey 汇水区流域特征调查 survey of catchment basin characteristics水文断面hydrologic sectional drawing；dydrologic section；hydrologic cross-section主河槽 main river channel设计流速 design current velocity设计高程；设计标高 design elevation河流比降 slope of river； comparable horizon of river历史洪水位 historic flood level最高水位 highest water level； HWL通航水位 navigation water level； NWL桥涵水文 hydrology of bridge and culvert水利半径 hydraulic radius桥前壅水高度 backwater height in front of bridge； top water level in front of bridge 桥渡勘测设计survey and design of bridge crossing水面坡度 slope of water surface水文测量 hydrological survey泥石流流域 catchment basin of debris flow 分水岭 watershed； dividing ridge汇水面积 catchment area； water collecting area； drainage area洪水频率 flood frequency设计流量 design discharge设计水位 design water level施工水位 construction level； construction water level； working water level设计洪水过程线 designed flood hydrograph容许冲刷 allowable scour一般冲刷 general scour局部冲刷 local scour； partial scour三、铁路测量 railway survey线路踏勘；草测 route reconnaissance初测 preliminary survey定测location survey；alignment；final location survey导线测量 traversing； traverse survey光电导线 photoelectric traverse地形测量 topographical survey 横断面测量 cross leveling； cross-section survey； cross-section leveling线路测量route survey；profile survey；longitudinal survey既有线测量；旧线测量survey of existing railway线路复测repetition survey of existing railway； resurvey of existing railway测量精度survey precision；precision of survey均方差；中误差 mean square error最大误差；极限误差 maximum error； limiting error中线测量 center line survey中线桩 center line stake加桩additional stake； plus stake外移桩shift out stake；stake outward；offset stake水准点高程测量 bench mark leveling中桩高程测量；中平 center stake leveling曲线控制点 curve control point放线 setting-out of route； lay out of route 交点 intersection point副交点 auxiliary intersection point转向角 deflection angle分转向角 auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角 plane-coordinate azimuth象限角 quadrantal angle经纬距 plane rectangular coordinate断链 broken chain投影断链 projection of broken chain断高 broken height铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测 railway aerial photogrammetry铁路航空勘测 railway aerial surveying航带设计flight strip design；design of flight strip铁路工程地质遥感 remote sensing of railway engineering geology测段 segment of survey航测选线 aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry全球定位系统 global positioning system； GPS 像片索引图 index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey；triangulation精密导线测量precise traverse survey；accurate traverse survey三角高程测量 trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量outside tunnel control survey隧道洞内控制测量 in tunnel control survey；through survey隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal；geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量 survey of bridge axis铁路选线railway location；approximate railway location； location of railway route selection平原地区选线 location in plain region； plain location越岭选线 location of mountain line； location of line in mountain region； location over mountain山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location； location of line of in mountain and valley region丘陵地段选线 hilly land location； location of line on hilly land工程地质选线 engineering geoligic location of line线间距 distance between centers of tracks；midway between tracks车站分布 distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison；route alternative投资回收期 repayment period of capital cost 纸上定线 paper location of line缓坡地段 section of easy grade； section of gentle slope紧坡地段 section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段 section of unsufficient grade；section fo insufficient grade导向线 leading line； alignment guiding line 拔起高度；克服高度height of lifting；lifting height； ascent of elevation横断面选线 cross-section method of railway location；location with cross-section method； cross-section method for location of line展线 extension of line； development of line；line development展线系数coefficient of extension line；coefficient of development line套线 overlapping line线路平面图 track plan； line plan线路纵断面图 track profile； line profile 站坪长度 length of station site站坪坡度 grade of station site控制区间control section；controlling section最小曲线半径 minimum radius of curve圆曲线 circular curve单曲线 simple curve缓和曲线 transition curve； easement curve；spiral transition curve缓和曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature； rate of transition curve复曲线 compound curve同向曲线curves of same sense；adjacent curves in one direction反向曲线 reverse curve； curve of opposite sense夹直线 intermediate straight line； tangent between curves坡度 grade； gradient； slope人字坡 double spur grade限制坡度 ruling grade； limiting grade加力牵引坡度 pusher grade； assisting grade 最大坡度 maximum grade临界坡度 critical grade长大坡度 long steep grade； long heavy grade 动力坡度 momentum grade均衡坡度 balanced grade有害地段 harmful district无害地段 harmless district变坡点 point of gradient change； breake in grade坡段 grade section坡段长度 length of grade section坡度差 algebraic difference between adjacent gradients竖曲线 vertical curve分坡平段 level stretch between opposite sign gradient缓和坡度 slight grade； flat grade； easy grade起动缓坡 flat gradient for starting 加速缓坡 easy gradient for acceleration；accelerating grade坡度折减 compensation of gradient； gradient compensation； grade compensation曲线折减compensation of curve；curve compesation隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel； compensation grade in tunnel绕行地段 detouring section； round section 换侧；换边 change side of double line容许应力设计法allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法 plastic stage design method 极限状态设计法 limit state design method 概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法probabilisatic limit state design method 地震系数法 seismic coefficient method四、路基subgrade；road bed；formation subgrade岩石路基 rock subgrade渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade；pervious embankment非渗水土路基 non-permeable soil subgrade；impervious embankment特殊土路基 subgrade of special soil软土地区路基 subgrade in soft soil zone；subgrade in soft； clay region泥沼地区路基 subgrade in bog zone； subgrade in morass region； subgrade in swampland 膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基 subgrade in swelling soil zone； subgrade in expansive soil region盐渍土地区路基 subgrade in salty soil zone；subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soilzone特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition河滩路堤 embankment on plain river beach滨河路堤 embankment on river bank水库路基 subgrade in reservoir； embankment crossing reservoir崩塌地段路基 subgrade in rock fall district；subgrade in collapse zone岩堆地段路基 subgrade in rock deposit zone；subgrade in talus zone； subgrade in scree zone滑坡地段路基 subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基 subgrade in karst zone洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone；subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone； subgrade in desert雪害地段路基 subgrade in snow damage zone；subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基 subgrade in debris flow zone 路基横断面 subgrade cross-section路基面 subgrade surface； formation路基面宽度 width of the subgrade surface；formation width路拱 road crown； subgrade crown路肩 Road shoulder； subgrade shoulder路肩高程 formation level； shoulder level 路堤 embankment； fill路堑 cut； road； cutting半堤半堑 part-cut and part-fill section； cut and fill section基床 subgrade bed； formation基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed；formation top layer；surface layer of subgrade基床表层 bottom layer of subgrade； formation base layer； bottom layer of subgrade bed一般路基general subgrade；ordinary subgrade最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade； minimum height of fill临界高度 critical height基底 foundation base； base路堤边坡side slope of embankment；fill slope talus坡脚 toe of side slope护道 berm取土坑 borrow pit路堤填料embankment fill material；embankment filler；filling material of embankment填料分类 classification of filling material 岩块填料 rock block filler； rock filler；rock fill粗粒土填料coarse-grained soil filler；coarse-grained soil fill细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler；fine-grained soil fill压实标准 compacting criteria相对密度 relative density压实系数compacting factor；compacting coefficient最佳含水量 optimum moisture content； best moisture content最佳密度 optimum density； best density核子密度湿度测定 determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承载板测定 determination of bearing slabof subgrade预留沉落量 reserve settlement； settlement allowance反压护道 berm with superloading； berm for back pressure； counter swelling berm石灰砂桩 lime sand pile换土 change soil； soil replacement爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation； silt arresting by explosion；discharge of sedimentation by blasting抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation；packing sedimentation by throwing stones； packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路堑石方爆破 rock cutting blasting； rock blasting in cut定向爆破 directional blasting浅孔爆破 shallow hole blasting深孔爆破 deep hole blasting洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting； chamher blasting扬弃爆破 abandoned blasting； abandonment blasting抛掷爆破 pin-point blasting松动爆破 blasting for loosening rock药壶爆破 pot hole blasting裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting；contact blasting路堑边坡 cutting slope； side slope of cut 堑顶 top of cutting slope； top of cutting 路堑平台platform of cutting；berm in cutting弃土堆 waste bank； bankette； spoil bank 五、防护工程Protection works挡土墙 retaining wall 重力式挡土墙 gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙 balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relieving platform； balanced type retaining wall锚定板挡土墙 anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retaining wall；anchored plate retaining wall加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall； reinforced soil retaining wall锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall；anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods管柱挡墙 cylindrical shaft retaining wall 沉井挡墙 caisson retaining wall抗滑桩anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile护墙 guard wall护坡 slope protection； revetment； pitching 排水沟 weep drain； drainage ditch； drain ditch边沟；侧沟 side ditch天沟 gutter； overhead ditch； intercepting ditch吊沟 suspended ditch跌水 hydraulic drop截水沟 intercepting ditch； catch-drain急流槽 chute排水槽 drainage channel渗水暗沟 blind drain渗水隧洞 leak tunnel； permeable tunnel；drainage tunnel渗井 leaching well； seepage well渗管 leaky pipe平孔排水 horizontal hole drainage反滤层 reverse filtration layer； inverted filter； protective filter检查井 inspection well； manhole砂井；排水砂井 sand drain隔断层 insulating course； insulating layer 透水路堤pervious embankment；permeable embankment渗水路堤 immerseable embankment排水砂垫层sand filled drainage layer；drainage sand blanker坡面防护 slope protection护岸 revetment； shore protection导流堤 diversion dike拦石墙 stone cut off wall； stone falling wall； buttree落石槽 stone falling channel； trough for catching falling rocks柴排firewood raft；mattress；willow fascine固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation挡风墙 wind-break wall防风栅栏 wind break fence砂土液化 sand liquefaction六、桥梁 bridge中-活载CR-live loading；China railway standard loading桥梁标准活载 standard live load for bridge 桥梁荷载谱 bridge load spectrum换算均布活载 equivalent uniform live load 设计荷载 design load主力 principal load恒载 dead load土压力 earth load静水压力 hydrostatic pressure浮力 buoyancy列车活载 live load of train 列车离心力 centrifugal force of train列车冲击力；冲击荷载 impact force of train 冲击系数 ceofficient of impact人行道荷载 sidewalk loading附加力 subsidiary load； secondary load列车制动力 braking force of train列车牵引力 tractive force of train风荷载 wind load列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train流水压力 pressure of water flow冰压力 ice pressure冻胀力 frost heaving force特殊荷载 particular load船只或排筏的撞击力 collision force of ship or raft地震力 seismic force地震烈度 earthquake intensity地震震级 earthquake magnitude施工荷载 constructional loading荷载组合 loading conbination铁路桥 railway bridge公铁两用桥combined bridge；combined highway and railway bridge；combined rail-cum-road bridge跨线桥；立交桥overpass bridge；grade separation bridge； flyover高架桥 viaduct旱桥 dry bridge人行桥 foot bridge； pedestrian bridge圬工桥 masonry bridge钢桥 steel bridge铆接钢桥 riveted steel bridge栓焊钢桥 bolted and welded steel bridge全焊钢桥 all welded steel bridge摩擦结合式高强度螺栓 high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高强度螺栓 torshear type high strength blot螺栓示功扳手 bolt wrench with indicator混凝土桥 concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥 reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥 prestressed concrete bridge 先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder后张法预应力梁 post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge结合梁桥 composite beam bridge低高度梁 shallow girder无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁 girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete；skeleton reinforced concrete girder简支梁桥 simply supported beam bridge连续梁桥 continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥 cantilever beam bridge板桥 slab bridge空心板桥 hollow slab bridge板梁 plate girder工形梁 I-beam箱形梁 box girder槽形梁 trough girder桁架 truss拆装式桁架 demountable truss刚架桥；刚构桥 rigid frame bridge斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥 strutted beam bridge；slant-legged rigid frame bridge 悬板桥；悬带桥 stressed ribbon bridge悬索桥；吊桥 suspension bridge斜拉桥 cable-stayed bridge浮桥pontoon bridge；floating bridge；bateau bridge拱桥 arch bridge固端拱；无铰拱 fixed-end arch双铰拱 two-hinged arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch实腹拱 spandrel-filled arch； solid-spandrel arch空腹拱 open-spandrel arch双曲拱 two-way curved arch； cross-curved arch系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱 tied arch榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥 Langer bridge；flexible arch bridge with rigid tie洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Lohse bridge； rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders尼尔森桥 Nielsen systen bridge尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsen type Lhse bridge； rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders活动桥 movable bridge竖旋桥 bascule bridge平旋桥 swing bridge升降桥 lift bridge正交桥 right bridge斜交桥 skew bridge曲线桥 curved bridge曲梁 curved beam特大桥 super maior bridge大桥 major bridge中桥 medium bridge小桥 minor bridge单线桥 single track bridge双线桥 double track bridge多线桥 multi-track bridge正桥；主桥 main bridge引桥 approach spans上承式桥 deck bridge半穿式桥；中承式half through bridge；midheight deck bridge下承式桥 through bridge双层桥 double-deck bridge永久性桥 permanent bridge临时性桥；便桥 temporary bridge跨径；跨度 span净跨 clear span桥梁全长 overall length of bridge桥下净空 underneath clearance主梁中心距 center to center distance between main girder节间长度 panel length梁高 depth of girder拱度 camber挠度 deflection节间 panel锚跨；锚孔 anchor span悬跨；吊孔 suspended span桥梁上部结构 superstructure腹板 web plate翼缘 flange翼缘板 flange plate弦杆 chord member腹杆 web member斜杆 diagonal member竖杆 vertical member吊杆 suspender hanger 加劲杆 stiffener节点 panel point节点板 gusset plate拼接板 splice plate缀条 lacing bar缀板 stay plate； tie plate侧向水平联结系 lateral bracing横联 sway bracing制动撑架 braking bracing桥门架 portal frame纵梁 stringer横梁 floor beam； transverse beam桥面系 floor system端横梁 end floor beam起重横梁 jacking floor beam梁端缓冲梁 auxiliary girder for controlling angle change应变时效 strain ageing碳当量 carbon equivalent钢丝 steel wire钢丝束 bundled steel wires钢绞线 steel strand钢筋 reinforcement； steel bar箍筋 stirrup纵向钢筋 longitudinal reinforcement弯起钢筋 bent-up bar架立钢筋 erection bar构造钢筋 constructional reinforcement预应力筋 tendon套管 sheath梁腋 haunch拱圈 arch ring拱肋 arch rib拱顶 rach crown拱矢 rise of arch起拱点 springing拱腹 soffit拱腹线 intrados拱背钱 extrados桥塔 bridge tower； pylon索平面 cable plane缆索 cable斜缆 stay cable； inclined cable吊缆 suspension cable索鞍 cable saddle索夹 cable band； cable clamp锚座 socket锚碇 anchorage明桥面 open deck； ballastless deck； open floor桥梁道碴槽 ballast trough道碴桥面 ballasted deck； ballasted floor 桥梁护轨 guard rail of bridge桥梁护木 guard timber of bridge桥枕 bridge tie； bridge sleeper桥上人行道 sidewalk on bridge步行板 foot plank避车台 refuge platform伸缩缝 expansion joint正交异性板 orthotropic plate栏杆 railing； handrail； handrailing泻水孔 drainage opening直结轨道 track fastened directly to steel girders抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件 shear connector支座 bearing固定支座 fixed bearing活动支座 expension bearing； movable bearing 平板支座 plate bearing摇轴芝座 rocker bearing 滚轴支座 roller bearing球面支座 spherical bearing板式橡胶支座 laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座 pot rubber bearing聚四氯乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing； PTFE bearing涡流激振 wortex-excited oscillation弛振 galloping颤振 flutter扰流板 spoiler风嘴 wind fairing桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge浮运架桥法 bridge erection by floating架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching拖拉架设法 launching method赝架式架设法 erection with scaffolding悬臂架设法 catilever erection； erection by protrusion悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction；free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution； free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete预制混凝土构件precast concrete units；precast concrete members活动模架逐跨施工法 segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller桥梁合龙 closure就地贯注法cast-in-place method；cast-in-situ method活动吊篮 travelling cradle顶进法 jack-in method旋转法施工；转体施工 erection by swing method 液压式张拉千斤顶 hydraulic tensioning jack 桥梁下部结构 substructure桥台 abutment重力式桥台 gravity abutment埋置式桥台 buried abutment锚定板式桥台 anchor slab abutmentU形桥台 U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall台身 abutment body前墙 front wall台帽 abutment coping翼墙 wing wall锥体护坡 quadrant revetment； truncated cone banking台后填方 filling behind abutment桥墩 pier空心桥墩 hollow pier实体桥墩 solid pier重力式桥墩 gravity pier柔性桥墩 flexible pier拼装式桥墩 assembly pier； pier constructed with precast units制动墩 braking pier柱式桥墩 column pierV形桥墩 V-shaped pier圆端形桥墩 round-ended pier圆形桥墩 circular pier矩形桥墩 rectangular pier排架式桥墩 pile bent pier墩身 pier body； pier shaft墩帽 pier coping 围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment承台 bearing platform破冰体 ice apron； ice-breaking cutwater；ice guard地基 foundation； foundation soil； subgrade 加固地基improved foundation；improved ground天然地基 natural foundation； natural ground 桥梁基础 bridge foundation扩大基础 spread foundation明挖基础open-cut foundation；open excavation foundation沉井基础 open caisson foundation浮式沉井基础 floating caisson foundation沉井刃脚 cutting edge of open caisson围堰 cofferdam双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation预制钢壳钻孔基础 prefabricated steel shell bored foundation泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空气幕沉井法 air curtain method for sinking caisson沉箱基础 pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础 tubular column foundation桩基础 pile foundation预制桩 precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile；cast-in-situ concrete pile螺旋喷射桩 auger injected pile摩擦桩 friction pile支承桩 bearing pile钻孔桩 bored pile挖孔桩 dug pile钢桩 steel pile钢管桩 steel pipe pile钢板桩 steel sheet pile板桩 sheet pile木桩 timber pile钢筋混凝土桩 reinforced concrete pile砂桩 sand pile挤密砂桩 sand conpaction pile流砂 quick sand； drift sand送桩 pile follower试桩 test pile斜桩 batter pile； raking pile； spur pile 护筒 pile casting重锤夯实法 heavy tamping method灰土换填夯实法mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping灌注水下混凝土underwater concreting；concreting with tremie method导流建筑物 regulating structure丁坝；挑水坝 spur dike顺坝 longitudinal dam河床铺砌 river bed paving码头 wharf排架 bent脚手架 scaffold悬空脚手架 hanging stage； hanging scaffold 七、铁路涵洞 railway culvert涵洞孔径 aperture of culvert管涵 pipe culvert箱涵 box culvert拱涵 arch culvert盖板涵 slab culvert无压力涵洞 inlet unsubmerged culvert压力式涵洞 outlet submerged culvert 半压力式涵洞 inlet submerged culvert明渠 open channel； open ditch； open drain 倒虹吸管 inverted siphon潮汐河流 tidal river淤积 silting； siltation流冰 ice drift铁路轮渡 railway car ferries轮渡站 ferry station轮渡栈桥 ferry trestle bridge渡轮 ferry boat轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道 ferry slip八、铁路隧道 railway tunnel山岭隧道 mountain tunnel越岭隧道 over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道 subway tunne； underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel； shallow burying tunnel深埋隧道 deep tunnel； deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道 single track tunnel双线隧道 double track tunnel多线隧道 multiple track tunnel车站隧道 station tunnel地铁车站 subway station； metro station特长隧道 super long tunnel长隧道 long tunnel中长隧道 medium tunnel短隧道 short tunnel隧道群 tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口 tunne ladit； tunnel opening。
铁道科学技术名词
铁道科学技术名词
铁道科学技术名词是指涉及铁路运输的相关专业术语。
它们包括：
1、轨道：指铁路的基本结构，由轨道杆、轨道钢筋及轨道调节器组成。
2、轨道调节：指轨道技术人员对轨道结构进行修改和调整，以提高铁路运输的安全性和效率。
3、轨道测量：指对轨道结构进行尺寸、坡度、平整度和曲率等参数进行测量，以确保轨道的安全性。
4、铁路信号：指用于铁路运输中的各种信号系统，如信号机、信标、旗子等，以及用于控制列车行驶的自动化设备等。
5、铁路设施：指铁路所必需的各种设施，如隧道、桥梁、车站等，这些设施可以保证列车在铁路上行驶的安全性。
6、列车控制：指利用各种电气设备、物理设备及计算机系统等，对列车运行进行控制和调度，以确保列车行驶的安全性。
铁路专业词汇
铁路专业词汇铁路专业词汇铁路；铁道railway railroad铁路线railway line；railroad line铁路网railway network；railroad network铁道科学railway science铁路技术railway technology铁路等级railway classification国有铁路national railway；state railway地方铁路local railway；regional railway私有铁路private railway合资铁路joint investment railway；jointly owned railway标准轨铁路standard-gage railway窄轨铁路narrow-gage railway米轨铁路meter-gage railway宽轨铁路broad-gage railway单线铁路single track railway双线铁路double track railway多线铁路multiple track railway重载铁路heavy haul railway高速铁路high speed railway电气化铁路；电力铁路electrified railway；electric railway干线铁路main line railway；trunk railway市郊铁路suburban railway地下铁道；地铁subway；metro；underground railway工业企业铁路industry railway矿山铁路mine railway轻轨铁路light railway；light rail高架铁路elevated railway单轨铁路；独轨铁路monorail；monorail railway磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway；maglev森林铁路forest railway山区铁路mountain railway既有铁路existing railway新建铁路newly-built railway改建铁路reconstructed railway运营铁路railway in operation；operation；operating railway专用铁路special purpose railway干线trunk line；main line支线branch line铁路专用线railway special line货运专线railway line for freight traffic；freight special line；freight traffic only line 客运专线railway line for passenger traffic；passenger special line；passenger traffic onlyline客货运混合铁路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度；运营里程operation length of railway；operating distance；revenue length 列车运行图train diagram铁路建筑长度construction length of railway区间section区段district轨距rail gage；rail gauge轮重wheel load轴重axle load最大轴重maximum allowable axle load限制轴重axle load limited限界clearance；gauge限界图clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance；structure clearance for railway；railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance；fundamental structure gauge桥梁建筑限界bridge construction clearance；bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限tunnel construction clearance；tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界rolling stock clearance for railway；vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界loading clearance limit；loading gauge阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension；clearance limit for oversize commodities接触网限界clearance limt for overhead contract wire；clearance limit for overhead catenary system；overhead catenary system gauge列车与线路相互作用track-train interaction轮轨关系wheel-rail relation；wheel-rail interaction粘着系数adhesion coefficient车轮滑行wheel sliding；wheel skid车轮空转wheel slipping牵引种类kinds of traction；category of traction牵引方式mode of traction牵引定数tonnage rating；tonnage of traction装载系数loading coefficient速度speed持续速度continuous speed限制速度limited speed；speed restriction均衡速度balancing speed构造速度construction speed；design speed最高速度maximum speed临界速度critical speed重载列车heavy haul train高速列车high speed train超长超重列车exceptionally long and heavy train列车正面冲突train collision列车尾追train tail collision列车尾部防护train rear end protection伸缩运动fore and aft motion蛇行运动hunting；nosing列车压缩train running in列车拉伸train running out列车分离train separation列车颠覆train overturning列车动力学train dynamics列车空气动力学train acrodynamics机车车辆振动vibration of rolling stock纵向振动longitudinal vibration横向振动lateral vibration垂向振动vertical vibration摆滚振动rock-roll vibration浮沉振动bouncing；vibration测滚振动rolling ；vibration测摆振动swaying；vibration点头振动pitching；nodding摇头振动yawing；hunting机车车辆共振resonance of rolling stock机车车辆冲击impact of rolling纵向冲击longitudinal impact横向冲击lateral impact垂向冲击vertical impact货运站综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations at freight station行车指挥自动化automation of traffic control编组场综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations in marshalling yard铁路运营信息系统railway operation information system铁路数据交换系统railway data exchange system运营系统模拟simulation of operation system铁路法railway law铁道法规railway act铁路条例railway code铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technical operation综合运输comprehensive transport；multi-mode transport；intermode transport国际铁路联运international railway through traffic大陆桥；洲际铁路transcontinental railway；intercontinental railway；land-railway 国际联运协定agreement of international through traffic国际联运议定书protocol of international through traffic国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic铁路新线建设newly-built railway construction铁路技术改造technical reform of railway；technical renovation of railway；betterment and improvement of railway铁路主要技术条件main technical standard of railway；main techincal requirement of railway单位工程unit project分部工程part project分项工程item project预可行性研究pre-feasibility study项目建议书proposed task of project可行性研究feasibility study设计阶段design phase；design stage三阶段设计three-step design；three-phase design两阶段设计two-step design；two-phase design一阶段设计one-step design；one-phase design初步设计preliminary design技术设计technical design扩大初步设计enlarged preliminary design；expanded preliminary design施工图设计construction detail design；working-drawing design变更设计altered design设计概算apporximate estimate of design；budgetary estimate of design个别概算individual approximate estimate综合概算comprehensive approximate estimate总概算sum of approximate estimate；total estimate；summary estimate修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate；revised general estimate调整总概算adjusted sum of approximate estimate投资检算checking of investment预算定额rating of budget；rating form for budget概算定额rating of approximate estimate；rating form for estimate投资估算investment estimate估算指标index of estimate机械台班定额rating per machine per team；rating per machine-team工程直接费direct expense of project；direct cost of project工程间接费indirect expense of project；indirect cost of project工程预备费reserve fund of project设计鉴定certification of design；appraisal of design竣工决算final accounts of completed project铁路用地right-of-way铁路勘测railway reconnaissance调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation；investigation survey；investigation surveying and sketching地形调查topographic survey地貌调查topographic feature survey；geomorphologic survey地质调查geologic survey经济调查economic investigation；economic survey水文地质调查hydrogeologic survey土石成分调查survey of soil and rock composition土石物理力学性质physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock土石分类classificaion of soil and rock地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation；bearing capacity of ground；bearing of subgrade隧道围岩分级classification of tunnel surrounding rock地质图测绘survey and drawing of geological map；surveying and sketching of geological map勘探exploration；prospecting挖探excavation prospecting钻探boring；exploration drilling物探geophysical prospecting室内测试indoor test；laboratory test原位测试in situ test静力触探static sounding；static probing；cone penetration test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test标准贯入试验standard penetration test区域地质regional geology工程地质engineering geology不良地质unfavorable geology特殊地质special geology工程地质条件engineering geologic；requirement；engineering geologic condition气象资料meteorological data冻结深度freezing depth地震基本烈度basic intensity of earthquake；seismic basic intensity工程地质图engineering geological map地层柱状图column diagram of stratum；graphic logs of strata；drill log of stratum洪水调查flood survey河道调查river course survey冰凌调查ice floe survey；frazil ice survey汇水区流域特征调查survey of catchment basin characteristics水文断面hydrologic sectional drawing；dydrologic section；hydrologic cross-section 主河槽main river channel设计流速design current velocity设计高程；设计标高design elevation河流比降slope of river；comparable horizon of river历史洪水位historic flood level最高水位highest water level；HWL通航水位navigation water level；NWL桥涵水文hydrology of bridge and culvert水利半径hydraulic radius桥前壅水高度backwater height in front of bridge；top water level in front of bridge桥渡勘测设计survey and design of bridge crossing水面坡度slope of water surface水文测量hydrological survey泥石流流域catchment basin of debris flow分水岭watershed；dividing ridge汇水面积catchment area；water collecting area；drainage area洪水频率flood frequency设计流量design discharge设计水位design water level施工水位construction level；construction water level；working water level 设计洪水过程线designed flood hydrograph容许冲刷allowable scour一般冲刷general scour局部冲刷local scour；partial scour铁路测量railway survey线路踏勘；草测route reconnaissance初测preliminary survey定测location survey；alignment；final location survey导线测量traversing；traverse survey光电导线photoelectric traverse地形测量topographical survey横断面测量cross leveling；cross-section survey；cross-section leveling线路测量route survey；profile survey；longitudinal survey既有线测量；旧线测量survey of existing railway线路复测repetition survey of existing railway；resurvey of existing railway 测量精度survey precision；precision of survey均方差；中误差mean square error最大误差；极限误差maximum error；limiting error中线测量center line survey中线桩center line stake加桩additional stake；plus stake外移桩shift out stake；stake outward；offset stake水准点高程测量benchmark leveling中桩高程测量；中平center stake leveling曲线控制点curve control point放线setting-out of route；lay out of route交点intersection point副交点auxiliary intersection point转向角deflection angle分转向角auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角plane-coordinate azimuth象限角quadrantal angle经纬距plane rectangular coordinate断链broken chain投影断链projection of broken chain断高broken height铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测railway aerial photogrammetry铁路航空勘测railway aerial surveying航带设计flight strip design；design of flight strip铁路工程地质遥感remote sensing of railway engineering geology测段segment of survey航测选线aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry全球定位系统global positioning system；GPS像片索引图index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey；triangulation精密导线测量precise traverse survey；accurate traverse survey三角高程测量trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量ouside tunnel control survey隧道洞内控制测量in tunnel control survey；through survey隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal；geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量survey of bridge axis铁路选线railway location；approximate railway location；location of railway route selection平原地区选线location in plain region；plain location越岭选线location of mountain line；location of line in mountain region；location over mountain山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location；location of line of in mountain and valley region丘陵地段选线hilly land location；location of line on hilly land工程地质选线engineering geoligic location of line线间距distance between centers of tracks；midway between tracks车站分布distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison；route alternative投资回收期repayment period of capital cost纸上定线paper location of line缓坡地段section of easy grade；section of gentle slope紧坡地段section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段section of unsufficient grade；section fo insufficient grade导向线leading line；alignment guiding line拔起高度；克服高度height of lifting；lifting height；ascent of elevation横断面选线cross-section method of railway location；location with cross-section method；cross-section method for location of line展线extension of line；development of line；line development展线系数coefficient of extension line；coefficient of development line套线overlapping line线路平面图track plan；line plan线路纵断面图track profile；line profile站坪长度length of station site站坪坡度grade of station site控制区间control section；controlling section最小曲线半径minimum radius of curve圆曲线circular curve单曲线simple curve缓和曲线transition curve；easement curve；spiral transition curve缓和曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature；rate of transition curve复曲线compound curve同向曲线curves of same sense；adjacent curves in one direction反向曲线reverse curve；curve of opposite sense夹直线intermediate straight line；tangent between curves坡度grade；gradient；slope人字坡double spur grade限制坡度ruling grade；limiting grade加力牵引坡度pusher grade；assisting grade最大坡度maximum grade临界坡度critical grade长大坡度long steep grade；long heavy grade动力坡度momentum grade均衡坡度balanced grade有害地段harmful district无害地段harmless district变坡点point of gradient change；breake in grade坡段grade section坡段长度length of grade section坡度差algebraic difference between adjacent gradients竖曲线vertical curve分坡平段level stretch between opposite sign gradient缓和坡度slight grade；flat grade；easy grade起动缓坡flat gradient for starting加速缓坡easy gradient for acceleration；accelerating grade坡度折减compensation of gradient；gradient compensation；grade compensation 曲线折减compensation of curve；curve compesation隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel；compensation grade in tunnel 绕行地段detouring section；round section换侧；换边change side of double line容许应力设计法allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法plastic stage design method极限状态设计法limit state design method概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法probabilisatic limit state design method地震系数法seismic coefficient method路基subgrade；road bed；formation subgrade岩石路基rock subgrade渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade；pervious embankment非渗水土路基non-permeable soil subgrade；impervious embankment特殊土路基subgrade of special soil软土地区路基subgrade in soft soil zone；subgrade in soft；clay region泥沼地区路基subgrade in bog zone；subgrade in morass region；subgrade in swampland 膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基subgrade in swelling soil zone；subgrade in expansive soil region盐渍土地区路基subgrade in salty soil zone；subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soil zone特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition河滩路堤embankment on plain river beach滨河路堤embankment on river bank水库路基subgrade in reservoir；embankment crossing reservoir崩塌地段路基subgrade in rock fall district；subgrade in collapse zone岩堆地段路基subgrade in rock deposit zone；subgrade in talus zone；subgrade in scree zone滑坡地段路基subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基subgrade in karst zone洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone；subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone；subgrade in desert雪害地段路基subgrade in snow damage zone；subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基subgrade in debris flow zone路基横断面subgrade cross-section路基面subgrade surface；formation路基面宽度width of the subgrade surface；formation width路拱road crown；subgrade crown路肩Road shoulder；subgrade shoulder路肩高程formation level；shoulder level路堤embankment；fill路堑cut；road；cutting半堤半堑part-cut and part-fill section；cut and fill section基床subgrade bed；formation基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed；formation top layer；surface layer of subgrade 基床表层bottom layer of subgrade；formation base layer；bottom layer of subgrade bed 一般路基general subgrade；ordinary subgrade最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade；minimum height of fill临界高度critical height基底foundation base；base路堤边坡side slope of embankment；fill slope talus坡脚toe of side slope护道berm取土坑borrow pit路堤填料embankment fill material；embankment filler；filling material of embankment填料分类classification of filling material岩块填料rock block filler；rock filler；rock fill粗粒土填料coarse-grained soil filler；coarse-grained soil fill细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler；fine-grained soil fill压实标准compacting criteria相对密度relative density压实系数compacting factor；compacting coefficient最佳含水量optimum moisture content；best moisture content最佳密度optimum density；best density核子密度湿度测定determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承载板测定determination of bearing slab of subgrade预留沉落量reserve settlement；settlement allowance反压护道berm with superloading；berm for back pressure；counter swelling berm石灰砂桩lime sand pile换土change soil；soil replacement爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation；silt arresting by explosion；discharge of sedimentation by blasting抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation；packing sedimentation by throwing stones；packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路堑石方爆破rock cutting blasting；rock blasting in cut定向爆破directional blasting浅孔爆破shallow hole blasting深孔爆破deep hole blasting洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting；chamher blasting扬弃爆破abandoned blasting；abandonment blasting抛掷爆破pin-point blasting松动爆破blasting for loosening rock药壶爆破pot hole blasting裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting；contact blasting路堑边坡cutting slope；side slope of cut堑顶top of cutting slope；top of cutting路堑平台platform of cutting；berm in cutting弃土堆waste bank；bankette；spoil bank挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relieving platform；balanced type retaining wall锚定板挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retaining wall；anchored plate retaining wall加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall；reinforced soil retaining wall锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall；anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods管柱挡墙cylindrical shaft retaining wall沉井挡墙caisson retaining wall抗滑桩anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile护墙guard wall护坡slope protection；revertment；pitching排水沟weep drain；drainage ditch；drain ditch边沟；侧沟side ditch天沟gutter；overhead ditch；intercepting ditch吊沟suspended ditch跌水hydraulic drop截水沟intercepting ditch；catch-drain急流槽chute排水槽drainage channel渗水暗沟blind drain渗水隧洞leak tunnel；permeable tunnel；drainage tunnel渗井leaching well；seepage well渗管leaky pipe平孔排水horizontal hole drainage反滤层reverse filtration layer；inverted filter；protective filter 检查井inspection well；manhole砂井；排水砂井sand drain隔断层insulating course；insulating layer透水路堤pervious embankment；permeable embankment渗水路堤immerseable embankment排水砂垫层sand filled drainage layer；drainage sand blanker坡面防护slope protection护岸revetment；shore protection导流堤diversion dike拦石墙stone cut off wall；stone falling wall；buttree落石槽stone falling channel；trough for catching falling rocks 柴排firewood raft；mattress；willow fascine固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation挡风墙wind-break wall防风栅栏wind break fence砂土液化sand liquefaction中-活载CR-live loading；China railway standard loading桥梁标准活载standard live load for bridge桥梁荷载谱bridge load spectrum换算均布活载equivalent uniform live load设计荷载design load主力principal load恒载dead load土压力earth load静水压力hydrostatic pressure浮力buoyancy列车活载live load of train列车离心力centrifugal force of train列车冲击力；冲击荷载impact force of train冲击系数ceofficient of impact人行道荷载sidewalk loading附加力subsidiary load；secondary load列车制动力braking force of train列车牵引力tractive force of train风荷载wind load列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train流水压力pressure of water flow冰压力ice pressure冻胀力frost heaving force特殊荷载particular load船只或排筏的撞击力collision force of ship or raft地震力seismic force地震烈度earthquake intensity地震震级earthquake magnitude施工荷载constructional loading荷载组合loading conbination铁路桥railway bridge公铁两用桥combined bridge；combined highway and railway bridge；combined rail-cum-road bridge跨线桥；立交桥overpass bridge；grade separation bridge；flyover高架桥viaduct旱桥dry bridge人行桥foot bridge；pedestrian bridge圬工桥masonry bridge钢桥steel bridge铆接钢桥riveted steel bridge栓焊钢桥bolted and welded steel bridge全焊钢桥all welded steel bridge摩擦结合式高强度螺栓high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高强度螺栓torshear type high strength blot螺栓示功扳手bolt wrench with indicator混凝土桥concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder后张法预应力梁post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge结合梁桥composite beam bridge低高度梁shallow girder无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete；skeleton reinforced concrete girder简支梁桥simply supported beam bridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge板桥slab bridge空心板桥hollow slab bridge板梁plate girder工形梁I-beam箱形梁box girder槽形梁trough girder桁架truss拆装式桁架demountable truss刚架桥；刚构桥rigid frame bridge斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥strutted beam bridge；slant-legged rigid frame bridge悬板桥；悬带桥stressed ribbon bridge悬索桥；吊桥suspension bridge斜拉桥cable-stayed bridge浮桥pontoon bridge；floating bridge；bateau bridge拱桥arch bridge固端拱；无铰拱fixed-end arch双铰拱two-hinged arch三铰拱three-hinged arch实腹拱spandrel-filled arch；solid-spandrel arch空腹拱open-spandrel arch双曲拱two-way curved arch；cross-curved arch系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱tied arch榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥Langer bridge；flexible arch bridge with rigid tie洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Lohse bridge；rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders尼尔森桥Nielsen systen bridge尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsen type Lhse bridge；rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders活动桥movable bridge竖旋桥bascule bridge平旋桥swing bridge升降桥lift bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge曲线桥curved bridge曲梁curved beam特大桥super maior bridge大桥major bridge中桥medium bridge小桥minor bridge单线桥single track bridge双线桥double track bridge多线桥multi-track bridge正桥；主桥main bridge引桥approach spans上承式桥deck bridge半穿式桥；中承式half through bridge；midheight deck bridge 下承式桥through bridge双层桥double-deck bridge永久性桥permanent bridge临时性桥；便桥temporary bridge跨径；跨度span净跨clear spam桥梁全长overall length of bridge桥下净空underneath clearance主梁中心距center to center distance between main girder节间长度panel length梁高depth of girder拱度camber挠度deflection节间panel锚跨；锚孔anchor span悬跨；吊孔suspended span桥梁上部结构superstructure腹板web plate翼缘flange翼缘板flange plate弦杆chord member腹杆web member斜杆diagonal member竖杆vertical member吊杆suspender hanger加劲杆stiffener节点panel point节点板gusset plate拼接板splice plate缀条lacing bar缀板stay plate；tie plate侧向水平联结系lateral bracing横联sway bracing制动撑架braking bracing桥门架portal frame纵梁stringer横梁floor beam；transverse beam桥面系floor system端横梁end floor beam起重横梁jacking floor beam梁端缓冲梁auxiliary girder for controlling angle change 应变时效strain ageing碳当量carbon equivalent钢丝steel wire钢丝束bundled steel wires钢绞线steel strand钢筋reinforcement；steel bar箍筋stirrup纵向钢筋longitudinal reinforcement弯起钢筋bent-up bar架立钢筋erection bar构造钢筋constructional reinforcement预应力筋tendon套管sheath梁腋haunch拱圈arch ring拱肋arch rib拱顶rach crown拱矢rise of arch起拱点springing拱腹soffit拱腹线intrados拱背钱extrados桥塔bridge tower；pylon索平面cable plane缆索cable斜缆stay cable；inclined cable吊缆suspension cable索鞍cable saddle索夹cable band；cable clamp锚座socket锚碇anchorage明桥面open deck；ballastless deck；open floor桥梁道碴槽ballast trough道碴桥面ballasted deck；ballasted floor桥梁护轨guard rall of bridge桥梁护木guard timber of bridge桥枕bridge tie；bridge sleeper桥上人行道sidewalk on bridge步行板foot plank避车台refuge platform伸缩缝expansion joint正交异性板orthotropic plate栏杆railing；handrail；handrailing泻水孔drainage opening直结轨道track fastened directly to steel girders抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件shear connector支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expension bearing；movable bearing平板支座plate bearing摇轴芝座rocker bearing滚轴支座roller bearing球面支座spherical bearing板式橡胶支座laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座pot rubber bearing聚四氯乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing；PTFE bearing涡流激振wortex-excited oscillation弛振galloping颤振flutter扰流板spoiler风嘴wind fairing桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge浮运架桥法bridge erection by floating架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching拖拉架设法launching method赝架式架设法erection with scaffolding悬臂架设法catilever erection；erection by protrusion悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction；free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution；free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete预制混凝土构件precast concrete units；precast concrete members活动模架逐跨施工法segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller桥梁合龙closure就地贯注法cast-in-place method；cast-in-situ method活动吊篮travelling cradle顶进法jack-in method旋转法施工；转体施工erection by swing method液压式张拉千斤顶hydraulic tensioning jack桥梁下部结构substructure桥台abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment锚定板式桥台anchor slab abutmentU形桥台U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall台身abutment body前墙front wall台帽abutment coping翼墙wing wall锥体护坡quadrant revetment；truncated cone banking台后填方filling behind abutment桥墩pier空心桥墩hollow pier实体桥墩solid pier重力式桥墩gravity pier柔性桥墩flexible pier拼装式桥墩assembly pier；pier constructed with precast units制动墩braking pier柱式桥墩column pierV形桥墩V-shaped pier圆端形桥墩round-ended pier圆形桥墩circular pier矩形桥墩rectangular pier排架式桥墩pile bent pier墩身pier body；pier shaft墩帽pier coping围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment承台bearing platform破冰体ice apron；ice-breaking cutwater；ice guard地基foundation；foundation soil；subgrade加固地基improved foundation；improved ground天然地基natural foundation；natural ground桥梁基础bridge foundation扩大基础spread foundation明挖基础open-cut foundation；open excavation foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation浮式沉井基础floating caisson foundation沉井刃脚cutting edge of open caisson围堰cofferdam双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation 预制钢壳钻孔基础prefabricated steel shell bored foundation泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空气幕沉井法air curtain method for sinking caisson沉箱基础pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础tubular column foundation桩基础pile foundation预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile；cast-in-situ concrete pile螺旋喷射桩auger injected pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile钻孔桩bored pile挖孔桩dug pile钢桩steel pile钢管桩steel pipe pile钢板桩steel sheet pile板桩sheet pile木桩timber pile钢筋混凝土桩reinforced concrete pile砂桩sand pile挤密砂桩sand conpaction pile流砂quick sand；drift sand送桩pile follower试桩test pile斜桩batter pile；raking pile；spur pile护筒pile casting重锤夯实法heavy tamping method灰土换填夯实法mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping灌注水下混凝土underwater concreting；concreting with tremie method 导流建筑物regulating structure丁坝；挑水坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam河床铺砌river bed paving码头wharf排架bent脚手架scaffold悬空脚手架hanging stage；hanging scaffold铁路涵洞railway culvert涵洞孔径aperture of culvert管涵pipe culvert箱涵box culvert拱涵arch culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert压力式涵洞outlet submerged culvert半压力式涵洞inlet submerged culvert明渠open channel；open ditch；open drain倒虹吸管inverted siphon潮汐河流tidal river淤积silting；siltation流冰ice drift铁路轮渡railway car ferries轮渡站ferry station轮渡栈桥ferry trestle bridge渡轮ferry boat轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道ferry slip铁路隧道railway tunnel山岭隧道mountain tunnel越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道subway tunne；underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel；shallow burying tunnel 深埋隧道deep tunnel；deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道single track tunnel双线隧道double track tunnel多线隧道multiple track tunnel车站隧道station tunnel地铁车站subway station；metro station特长隧道super long tunnel长隧道long tunnel中长隧道medium tunnel短隧道short tunnel隧道群tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口tunne ladit；tunnel opening隧道进口tunnel entrance隧道出口tunnel exit迎坡；正面坡front slope洞门tunnel portal洞门框tunnel portal frame端墙式洞门end wall tunnel portal柱式洞门post tunnel portal翼墙式洞门wing wall tunnel portal耳墙式洞门ear wall tunnel portal台阶式洞门bench tunnel portal正洞门orthonormal tunnel portal；straight tunnel portal斜洞门skew tunnel portal明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal；gallery portal衬砌lining拱圈arch边墙side wall仰拱invert；inverted arch底板floor整体式衬砌integral lining装配式衬砌precast lining；prefabricated lining。
铁路专业词汇中英文对照
铁路专业词汇（中英对照版)机车locomotive机车种类types of locomotive蒸汽机车steam locomotive内燃机车;曾用名”柴油机车” diesel locomotive电力机车electric locomotive燃气轮机车gasturbine locomotive动车组motor train unit；motor train set动车motot car拖车trailer铁路干线机车railway trunk line locomotive工矿机车industrial and mining locomotive客运机车passenger locomotive货运机车freight locomotive；goods locomotive调车机车shunting locomotive；switcher小运转机车locomotive for district transfer；transfer locomotive train路用机车locomotive of service train; service locomotives配属机车allocated locomotive非配属机车un—allocated locomotive支配机车disposal locomotive非支配机车un-disposal locomotive运用机车locomotive in operation检修机车locomotive under repairing备用机车locomotive in reserve封存机车locomotive stored up待修机车locomotive waiting for repair机车出租leased locomotive机车报废locomotive retirement机车储备locomotive reservation；locomotive storage机车整备locomotive servicing；locomotive running preparation机车整备能力locomotive service capacity机车技术规范locomotive technical specification转向架中心bogie pivot center转向架中心距离distance between bogie pivot centers; bogie pivot pitch机车全轴距locomotive total wheel base机车转向架轴距locomotive wheel base of bogie机车固定轴距locomotive rigid wheel base机车长度locomotive overall length机车宽度locomotive width机车高度locomotive height机车计算重量calcuated weight of locomotive机车整备重量locomotive service weight机车重量locomotive weight机车粘着重量locomotive adhesive weight轴重转移;轴荷载转移axle load transfer 粘着重量利用系数adhesive weight utility factor机车重量分配weight distribution of locomotive轮对横动量lateral play of wheel set机车噪声locomotive noise热值；发热量heat value机车万吨公里能耗energy consumption per 10；000 t—km of locomotive机车用煤coal for locomotive机车用柴油diesel oil for locomotive机车用电electricity for locomotive机车用换算煤converted coal for locomotive标准煤standard coal机车用润滑剂lubricant for locomotive给水water supply水鹤water crane给水处理water ［supply］treatment炉内软水water softened in boiler炉外软水water softened out of boiler软水water softened净水water purified机务段locomotive depot机车运用段locomotive running depot机车检修段locomotive repair depot机车折返段locomotive turnaround depot列车无线电调度系统train radio dispatching system机车监控记录装置locomotive supervise and record apparatus 机车故障locomotive failure机车牵引特性locomotive tractive characteristic机车效率total locomotive efficiency机车轮周效率efficiency of locomotive at wheel rim机车传动功率transmission efficiency of locomotive机车牵引特性曲线locomotive tractive characteristic curve机车轮周功率曲线locomotive power curve at wheel rim机车牵引力曲线locomotive tractive effort curve机车预期牵引特性曲线predetermined tractive characteristic curve of locomotive机车功率locomotive power轮周功率output power at wheel rim比功率power/weight ratio比重量weight/power ratio单位体积功率specific volume power机车牵引力locomotive teractive effort轮周牵引力tractive effort at wheel rim车钩牵引力tractive effort at coupler；drawbar pull起动牵引力stsrting tractive effort粘着牵引力adhesive tractive effort持续牵引力continuous tractive effort基本阻力basic resistance运行阻力running resistance惰行阻力idle runing resistance; coasting resistance起动阻力starting resistance附加阻力additional resistance坡道阻力gradient resistance曲线阻力curve resistance空气阻力air resistance单位阻力unit resistance；specific resistance换算阻力；加算阻力converted resistance速度控制系统speed control system加速acceleration减速deceleration恒速constant speed加速力acceleration force减速力deceleration force列车制动train braking制动方式brake mode空气制动air brake真空制动vacuum brake动力制动dynamic brake液力制动hydraulic brake电阻制动rheostatic brake再生制动regenerative brake电空制动electropneumatic brake蓄能制动energy-storing brake涡流制动eddy current brake磁轨制动electromagnetic rail brake踏面制动tread brake盘型制动disc brake机车制动周期locomotive braking period机车制动距离locomotive braking distance机车每轴闸瓦作用力brake shoe force per axle of locomotive 制动braking常用制动service braking；service application最大常用制动；常用全制动full servive braking；full service application阶段制动graduated application自然制动unintended braking; undesired braking紧急制动emergency braking；emergency application意外紧急制动undesirable emergency braking;UDE缓解release直接缓解；一次缓解direct release阶段缓解graduated release自然缓解unintended release; undesired release漏泄leakage充风；充气charging阶段提升graduated increasing保持位suppression; maintaining position; holding position制动管减压量brake pipe pressure reduction过量减压over reduction 局部减压local reduction分段减压split reduction最大常用减压full servive reduction常用局减quick service紧急局减quick action前后风压差false gradient列车管压差train pipe pressure gradient保压停车stopping at maintaining position缓解停车stopping at release缓解波速release propagation rate制动波速braking propagation rate机车制动机locomotive brake gear空气压缩机air compressor调压器pressure regulator给风阀feed valve减压阀reducing valve机车分配阀locomotive distributing valve切换阀transfer valve自动制动阀automatic brake valve单独制动阀independent brake valve滤尘止回阀strainer check valve机车紧急放风阀locomotive emergency vent valve高压保安阀high pressure safety valve低压保安阀low pressure safety valve无载起动电空阀no-load starting electropneumatic valve油水分离器oil—water separator总风缸main air reservoir空气干燥器air dryer撒砂装置sanding device砂箱sand box撒砂阀sanding valve撒砂器sandingsprayer紧急撒砂emergency sanding自动撒砂automatic sanding间隙效应slack actionL/V比值L/V ratio弓网关系pantograph-contact line relation机车牵引区段locomotive tractive district机车交路locomotive routing单肩回交路single—arm routing双肩回交路double-arm routing半循环交路semi-loop routing循环交路loop routing环形交路circular routing短交路short routing长交路long routing直通交路through routing机车乘务制度locomotive crew working system机车包乘制system of assigning crew to designated locomotive机车轮乘制locomotive crew pooling system机车随乘制locomotive caboose crew system机车乘务组locomotive crew司机driver副司机assisant driver指导司机driver instructor司炉fireman机车运用指标index of locomotive operation机车出入段作业preparation of locomotive for leaving and arriving at depot机车全周转complete turnround of locomotive机车在段停留时间detention time of locomotive at depot机车全周转距离diatance of one complete turnround of locomotive机车全周转时间period of one complete turnround of locomotive机车走行公里locomotive running kilometers换算走行公里converted running kilometers沿线走行公里running kilometers on the road辅助走行公里auxiliary running kilometers本务走行公里leading locomotive running kilometers单机走行公里light locomotive running kilometers重联机车走行公里multi-locomotive running kilometers机车日车公里average daily locomotive running kilometers机车平均牵引总重average gross weight hauled by locomotive 机车日产量average daily output of locomotive运用机车台数number of locomotive in service机车需要系数coefficient of locomotives requirment单机运行light locomotive running双机牵引；双机重联牵引double locomotive traction多机牵引multi-locomotive traction主机；本务机车leading locomotive机车超重牵引traction for train exceed mass norm机车调度命令locomotive diapatching order机务段运行揭示running service-bulletin of depot司机运转保单driver’s service—report；driver's log司机室driver's cab司机操纵台driver’s desk司机模拟操纵装置simulator for driver train—handling优化操纵optimum handling; optimum optimum operation机车自动操纵automatic locomotive operation机车保养locomotive maintenance机车检修locomotive inspection and repair机车检修修程classification of locomotive repair机车大修locomotive overhaul ［repair］; locomotive general overhaul架修intermediate repair定修periodical repair；light repair蒸汽机车洗修steam locomotive boiler washout repair 机车厂修locomotive repair in works机车段修locomotive repair in depot日常检查routine inspection机车临修locomotive temporary repair定期检修repair based on time or running kilometers状态检修repair based on condition of component换件大修component exchange repair配件互换修repair with interchangeable component预防维修制preventive maintenance system检修周期period of inspection and repair月检monthly inspection定检公里running kilometers between predetermined repairs 定检时间time between predetermined repairs检修范围scope of repairing course；scope of repair超范围修理repair beyond the scope of repairing course检修停时standing time under repair集中化修理；集中修centralization of repair检修基本技术条件fundamental technical requirements for repair and inspection检修工艺规程technological regulations for repair and inspection检修作业程序repair procedure；shop program磨耗限度limit of wear检修限度locomotive repair limit第一限度1st limit第二限度2nd limit使用限度operation limit中间工艺检验intermediate inspection at the technological process转向设备turning facilities转盘turntable机务设备通过能力carrying capacity of locomotive facilities 机车专用设备special equipment for locomotive operation机车验收acceptance of locomotive机车试运转locomotive trial run形式试验type test性能试验performance test鉴定试验homologation test出厂试验predelivery test制动试验brake test牵引试验traction test负载试验loaded test；load test牵引热工试验traction and thermodynamique de traction定置试验stationary test；test at standstill动力学试验dynamics test强度试验strength test运用试验service test；operation test耐久性试验durability test可靠性试验reliability test例行试验routine test特殊试验special test研究性试验investigation test抽样试验sampling test模拟试验analogue test机车履历簿locomotive logbook直流电力机车DC electric locomotive单向交流电力机车single—phase AC electric locomotive单相工频交流电力机车single—phase industrial frequency AC electric locomotive双电压制电力机车dual voltage electric locomotive双频率制电力机车dual frequency electric locomotive多电流制电力机车multiple system electric locomotive硅整流器电力机车silicon rectifier electric locomotive晶闸管整流器电力机车thyristor rectifier electric locomotive经闸管变流器电力机车thyristor converter electric locomotive 电动车组electric multiple unit; motor coach set；electric motor train unit单相交流电动车组single—phase industrial frequency AC motor train unit地下铁道电动车组subway motor train unit电流制current system直流制DC system单相工频交流制single-phase industrial frequency AC system 单相低频交流制single-phase low frequency AC system受电弓标称电压nominal voltage at pantograph调压方式voltage regulation mode高压侧调压high voltage regulation低压侧调压low voltage regulation分级调压stepped voltage regulation无级调压stepless voltage regulation相控调压phase control斩波调压chopper control变阻调压rheostatric control整流方式mode of rectification牵引变流器traction convertor牵引逆变器traction invertor牵引变频器traction frequency convertor可调牵引变频器variable frequency convertor直流斩波器DC chopper单相桥式整流器single-phase bridge rectifier三相桥式整流器three-phase bridge rectifier可控桥式整流器controlled bridge rectifier对称半控桥式整流器symmetric half—controlled bridge rectifier 非对称半控桥式整流器asymmetric half-controlled bridge rectifier多段桥[联结］bridges in cascade; multi rectifier bridge硅整流装置silicon rectifier device晶闸管整流装置thyristor rectifier device 励磁整流装置excitation rectifier device电力传动方式mode of electric drive直流传动DC drive交-直流传动AC-DC drive交—直—交流传动AC-DC-AC drive调速方式mode of speed control变压调速variable voltage speed control变频调速variable frequency speed control变极调速pole changing speed control车轴驱动方式mode of axle drive弹性齿轮驱动resilient gear drive刚性齿轮驱动solid gear drive单侧减速齿轮驱动single reduction gear drive双侧减速齿轮驱动double reduction gear drive单电动机驱动monomotor drive车轴空心轴驱动quill drive；hollow axle drive电机空心轴驱动hollow shaft motor drive万向轴驱动cardan shaft drive直接驱动gearless drive；direct drive独立驱动individual drive组合驱动coupled axle drive连杆驱动rod drive组合传动机车coupled axle drive locomotive独立传动机车individual drive locomotive齿轨［传动]机车；齿条传动机车rack locomotive牵引电动机供电制式traction motor power supply system 机车集中供电locomotive centralized power supply转向架独立供电bogie individual power supply电动机独立供电motor individual power supply主电路power circuit；main circuit高压电路high voltage circuit；high tension circuit低压电路low voltage circuit; low tension circuit网侧电路circuit on side of overhead contact line牵引电路traction circuit制动电路braking circuit滤波电路filter circuit辅助电路auxiliary circuit列车供电电路power supply circuit for train控制电路control circuit控制电源control source蓄电池电路battery circuit指令电路command circuit照明电路lighting circuit仪表电路instrument circuit联锁电路interlocking circuit信号电路signal circuit起动电路starting circuit保护电路protective circuit电子控制电路electronic control circuit电空制动电路electropneumatic brake ciucuit;E—P brake circuit防空转防滑行保护电路anti—slip/slide protection circuit音频通讯电路audio communication circuit电连接器electric coupler自动电连接器electric automatic coupler机车重联电连接器multi—locomotive electrc coupler牵引电动机traction motor直流牵引电动机DC traction motor脉流牵引电动机pulsating current traction motor交流牵引电动机AC traction motor单向交流牵引电动机single-phase AC traction motor三相交流牵引电动机three phase AC traction motor抱轴式牵引电动机axle hung traction motor；nose suspension traction motor架承式牵引电动机frame mounted traction motor转向架架承式牵引电动机bogie mounted traction motor底架架承式牵引电动机underframe mounted traction motor串励电动机series excited motor并励电动机shunt excited motor复励电动机compound excied motor他励电动机separately excited motor同步电动机synchronous motor异步电动机asynchronous motor交流换向器电动机alternating current commutator motor全封闭式电动机totally—enclosed motor通风式电动机ventilated motor自通风式电动机self-ventilated motor强迫通风式电动机force ventilated motor直线电动机；线性电动机linear motor直线同步电动机linear synchronous motor直线异步电动机；直线感应电动机linear asynchronous motor；linear induction motor电动机转速motor speed电动机超速runaway speed电动机特性motor characteristic电动机转矩；电动机扭矩motor torque启动转矩starting torque峰值转矩peak torque制动转矩braking torque最大输出功率maximum output启动电流starting current峰值电流peak current标称电压nominal voltage变压器电势transformer EMF片间平均电压mean voltage between segments片间最高电压maximum voltage between segments消弱磁场weakened field最大磁场maximum field 最小磁场minimum field磁场消弱率field weakening磁场消弱系数coefficient of field weakening恒功调速比speed ratio on constant power转向器commutator换向片commutator segment电枢线圈armature coil均压线equalizer;cable bond转轴shaft定子stator转子rotor主极铁心mainpole core主极线圈mainpole coil换向极铁心interpole core换相极线圈interpole coil补偿线圈compensating coil机座frame铸造机座cast frame焊接机座welding frame半叠片机座semi—laminated frame全叠片机座full—laminated frame电刷装置brush gear刷握brush—holder刷盒brush box电刷brush端盖end shield抱轴悬挂装置suspension bearing主发电机main generator直流主发电机DC main generator交流主发电机main alternator辅助发电机auxiliary generator直流辅助发电机DC auxiliary generator直流启动发电机DC starting generator；dynastarter 直流控制发电机DC control generator直流励磁机DC exciter劈相机Arno converter；phase splitter辅助电动机auxiliary motor直流辅助电动机DC quxiliary motor异步辅助电动机asynchronous auxiliary motor空压机电动机air compressor motor通风机电动机blower motor泵电动机pump motor控制电机control electric machine自整角机synchro测速发电机tachogenerator机车牵引变压器traction transformer of locomotive心式牵引变压器core-type traction transformer壳式牵引变压器shell-type traction transformer自藕牵引变压器traction autotransformer调压牵引变压器regulating traction transformer分接牵引变压器tapped traction transformer油浸式牵引变压器oil—immersed type traction transformer 整流变压器rectifier transformer电源变压器supply transformer隔离变压器；绝缘变压器isolating transformer同步变压器synchronous transformer脉冲变压器pulse transformer控制变压器control transformer信号变压器signal transformer励磁变压器excitation transformer高压绕组high voltage winding; high tension winding低压绕组low voltage winding；low tension winding调压绕组regulating winding励磁绕组excitation winding辅助绕组auxiliary winding列车供电绕组train coach supply winding自然循环natural circulation强迫循环forced circulation强迫导向循环forced guided circulation牵引电抗器traction tractor平波电抗器smoothing reactor过渡电抗器transition reactor接地电抗器earthing reactor; grounding reactor制动电抗器braking reactor分流电抗器divert shunt reactor; inductive shunt滤波电抗器filter reactor均流电抗器sharing reactor限流电抗器inductive reactor；current limiting reactor换相电抗器commutation reactor起动电阻器staring resistor制动电阻器braking resistor过渡电阻器transistion resistor分流电阻器divert shunt resistor；shunting resistor稳定电阻器stabilizing resistor调节电阻器regulating resistor制动电阻柜braking resistor cubicle制动电阻元件braking resistor grid非线性电阻器non-linear resistor滤波电容器filter capacitor换相电容器commutating capacitor保护电容器protective capacitor起动电容器starting capacitor补偿电容器compensation capacitor主断路器line circuit—breaker真空主断路器line vacuum circuit—breaker空气主断路器line air-blast circuit-breaker直流高速断路器DC high speed circuit-breaker受电器current collector 受电弓pantograph单臂受电弓single arm pantograph双臂受电弓double arm pantograph弓头pantograph bow受电弓滑板pantograph pan弓角pantograph horn受电弓气缸pantograph cylinder支持绝缘子supporting insulator第三轨受电器conductor rail collector受电靴装置shoegear集电靴collector shoe电磁接触器electromagnetic contactor直流接触器DC contactor交流接触器AC contactor电空接触器electropneumatic contactor组合接触器grouping contactor线路接触器line contactor磁场削弱接触器field weakening contactor制动接触器braking contactor励磁接触器excitation contactor辅助接触器auxiliary contactor调压开关tap changer低压调压开关low voltage tap changer；low tension tap changer高压调压开关high voltage tap changer; high tension tap changer位置转换开关position changeover switch鼓形位置转换开关drum position changeover switch凸轮位置转换开关cam position changeover switch牵引-制动位转换开关power/brake changeover switch反向器reverser电流制转换开关current system changeover switch主电路库用转换开关main circuit transfer switch for shed supply辅助电路库用转换开关auxiliary circuit transfer switch for shed supply短路器short-circuiting device接地开关earthing switch牵引电动机隔离开关traction motor isolating switch受电弓隔离开关pantograph isolating switch主整流柜隔离开关isolating switch for main silicon rectifier cubicle劈相机故障隔离开关fault isolating switch for phase splitter控制电源隔离开关isolating switch for control supply司机控制器driver controller调车控制器shunting controller电空制动控制器E-P brake controller按键开关button switch; key switch自复式按键开关self—reset push—key switch非自复式按键开关non—self-reset push—key switch主按键开关组main button switch group; main key switch set 副按键开关组secondary push-key switch group；secondary key switch set电磁阀electromagnetic valve电空阀clectropneumatic valve电液阀electro-hydraulic valve保护阀protective valve受电弓电空阀pantograph valve防空转撒沙电空阀anti—slip sanding valve防空转防滑行保护装置anti-slip/slide protection device轴重转移补偿装置axle load transfer compensation device功率因数补偿装置power factor compensation device电压继电器voltage relay电流继电器current relay时间继电器time relay中间继电器intermediate relay速度继电器speed relay温度继电器temperature relay压力继电器pressure relay欠电压继电器under—voltage relay过电流继电器over-current relay转速继电器tachometric relay流速继电器flow relay接地继电器earth fault relay风压继电器air pressure relay油压继电器oil-pressure relay起动继电器starting relay主电路库用插座main circuit socket for shed supply辅助电路库用插座auxiliary circuit socket for shed supply控制电路库用插座control circuit socket for shed supply重联插座multiple unit socket印制电路板插座printed circuit board socket电压调整器voltage regulator温度调整器temperature regulator位置指示器notch indicator数字显示器digital display司机室取暖电炉driver's cab electric heater司机室热风装置driver’s cab air heater司机室空调装置driver’s cab air conditioner电热玻璃electric heating glass电测仪表electrical measuring instrument牵引电机电压表traction motor voltmeter牵引电机电流表traction motor ammeter励磁电流表excitation ammeter网侧电压表voltmeter on side of overhead contact line；overhead side voltmeter辅助电路电压表auxiliary circuit voltmeter控制电源电压表control supply voltmeter 控制电源电流表control supply ammeter机车速度表locomotive speedometer单相电度表single—phase wat-hour meter速度记录仪tachograph传感器sensor; transducer电压传感器voltage sensor电流传感器current sensor压力传感器pressure sensor速度传感器speed sensor温度传感器temperature sensor直流电流互感器DC current transformer阀形避雷器valve type arrester放电器discharger轮缘喷油器flange lubricator接地安全棒earthing pole接地回流电刷earth return brush前照灯head lamp; head light副前照灯subhead lamp；dim head light标志灯marker lamp走行部灯bogie lamp车号灯side number plate lamp路签灯train staff lamp记事灯writing lamp照明灯illuminating lamp指示灯indicator lamp风喇叭air horn高音风喇叭high tone air horn低音风喇叭low tone air horn警笛siren警惕装置vigilance device机车组装后的检查与试验inspection and test of locomotive after completion of construction一般性检查general inspection称重试验weighing test压缩空气设备全面的气密性试验test for over—all air-tightness of compressed air equipments车体及外部装备密封试验test for sealing of body and external equipment受电弓试验pantograph test介电强度试验dielectric test事故预防措施的检查checks for prevention of accidents安全设备试验test on safety equipments蓄电池充电系统试验checks of battery charging—arrangement 通风冷却试验test on ventilation and cooling空气制动试验test on air brake曲线通过实验curve negotiation test机车振动参数测试measurements of vibration parameters辅助机组试验test on auxiliary machines机车调速试验test on speed regulation主电路短路保护系统试验test on short—circuit protection system of main circuit主电路过载保护系统试验test on overload protection system of main circuit内部过电压试验test on internal overvoltage外部过电试验test on external overvoltage机车功率试验locomotive ［traction］power test机车功率因数测定measurment of power factor机车效率测定measurement of efficiency of locomotive谐波电流百分比测定measurement of percentage of harmonic current起动加速试验starting and acceleration test运行阻力试验test for running resistance电气制动试验electric braking test滤尘效果试验test on filter efficiency撒沙装置试验test on sanding gear重联运行试验test on coupled operation；test on multi unit operation司机室工作条件检查check on working conditions in the driver’s cab4。
铁道车辆词汇
铁道车辆词汇1. “转向架”，哎呀呀，你看那火车在轨道上飞速奔跑，可全靠转向架这个关键部件呀！就像人的脚一样，带着火车稳稳地前进，没有它火车可就没法拐弯啦！比如你想想，如果火车没有转向架，那该怎样转弯呢？那不就成了死脑筋的家伙啦！2. “车钩”，嘿，车钩可是很重要的呀！它把一节节车厢连起来，就像手牵手一样。
要是没有车钩，车厢们都各跑各的，那还叫什么火车呀！你说是不是？就好比一群人要一起去旅行，不牵手的话不就散了嘛！比如货车运输的时候，车钩就得紧紧相连，才能安全高效呀！3. “制动装置”，哇塞，制动装置那可是火车的安全保障啊！它能让飞奔的火车停下来。
就像汽车的刹车一样，但可比那个厉害多了。
假如火车没有好的制动装置，那该多危险呀，一路横冲直撞的！就像脱缰的野马怎么得了！比如在紧急情况下，制动装置就是救星啊。
4. “车轮”，哟呵，车轮可太重要啦！没有车轮火车怎么跑呀！它就像是火车的腿呀，不停地滚动着带着火车前进。
你想想，要是没有车轮，火车不就成了趴在地上的大铁块了嘛！比如我们坐火车的时候，不就是靠这些车轮带我们去远方的嘛！5. “车窗”，哇，车窗虽然不起眼，可作用大着呢！它让我们能看到外面的美景。
就像人的眼睛一样，能看到不同的风景。
要是没有车窗，那坐火车多无趣呀！就像被关在小黑屋里一样。
比如我们旅途中观赏外面的山川河流，不就得透过车窗嘛！6. “车体”，嘿呀，车体可是火车的大身板呀！它把所有的部件都装起来，保护着它们。
没有坚固的车体，那火车还能完整吗？就像房子没有墙壁一样。
比如在恶劣的天气里，车体就得为我们遮风挡雨呀！我觉得铁道车辆的这些词汇都特别有意思，每个部件都有它独特的作用和价值，共同构成了强大的铁道车辆！让我们的出行更加便捷和安全！。
铁路专业词汇
减压阀reducing valve机车分配阀locomotive distributing valve切换阀transfer valve滤尘止回阀strainer check valve机车紧急放风阀locomotive emergency vent valve高压保安阀high pressure safety valve低压保安阀low pressure safety valve无载起动电空阀no-load starting electropneumatic valve油水分离器oil-water separator总风缸main air reservoir空气干燥器air dryer撒砂装置sanding device砂箱sand box撒砂阀sanding valve撒砂器sandingsprayer紧急撒砂emergency sanding自动撒砂automatic sanding间隙效应slack actionL/V比值L/V ratio弓网关系pantograph-contact line relation机车牵引区段locomotive tractive district机车交路locomotive routing单肩回交路single-arm routing双肩回交路double-arm routing半循环交路semi-loop routing循环交路loop routing环形交路circular routing短交路short routing长交路long routing直通交路through routing机车乘务制度locomotive crew working system机车包乘制system of assigning crew to designated locomotive机车轮乘制locomotive crew pooling system机车随乘制locomotive caboose crew system机车乘务组locomotive crew司机driver副司机assisant driver指导司机driver instructor司炉fireman机车运用指标index of locomotive operation机车出入段作业preparation of locomotive for leaving and arriving at depot 机车全周转complete turnround of locomotive机车在段停留时间detention time of locomotive at depot机车全周转距离diatance of one complete turnround of locomotive机车全周转时间period of one complete turnround of locomotive机车走行公里locomotive running kilometers换算走行公里converted running kilometers沿线走行公里running kilometers on the road辅助走行公里auxiliary running kilometers本务走行公里leading locomotive running kilometers单机走行公里light locomotive running kilometers重联机车走行公里multi-locomotive running kilometers机车日车公里average daily locomotive running kilometers机车平均牵引总重average gross weight hauled by locomotive机车日产量average daily output of locomotive运用机车台数number of locomotive in service机车需要系数coefficient of locomotives requirment单机运行light locomotive running双机牵引；双机重联牵引double locomotive traction多机牵引multi-locomotive traction主机；本务机车leading locomotive辅机assisting locomotive补机banking locomotive机车超重牵引traction for train exceed mass norm机车调度命令locomotive diapatching order机务段运行揭示running service-bulletin of depot司机运转保单driver’s service-report；driver’s log司机室driver’s cab司机操纵台driver’s desk司机模拟操纵装置simulator for driver train-handling优化操纵optimum handling；optimum optimum operation机车自动操纵automatic locomotive operation机车保养locomotive maintenance机车检修locomotive inspection and repair机车检修修程classification of locomotive repair机车大修locomotive overhaul [repair]；locomotive general overhaul 架修intermediate repair定修periodical repair；light repair蒸汽机车洗修steam locomotive boiler washout repair机车厂修locomotive repair in works机车段修locomotive repair in depot机车定期修locomotive periodical repair日常检查routine inspection运行检查；行修running inspection机车临修locomotive temporary repair定期检修repair based on time or running kilometers状态检修repair based on condition of component换件大修component exchange repair配件互换修repair with interchangeable component预防维修制preventive maintenance system检修周期period of inspection and repair月检monthly inspection定检公里running kilometers between predetermined repairs定检时间time between predetermined repairs检修范围scope of repairing course；scope of repair超范围修理repair beyond the scope of repairing course检修停时standing time under repair集中化修理；集中修centralization of repair检修基本技术条件fundamental technical requirements for repair and inspection 检修工艺规程technological regulations for repair and inspection检修作业程序repair procedure；shop program磨耗限度limit of wear检修限度locomotive repair limit第一限度1st limit第二限度2nd limit使用限度operation limit中间工艺检验intermediate inspection at the technological process转向设备turning facilities转盘turntable机务设备通过能力carrying capacity of locomotive facilities机车专用设备special equipment for locomotive operation部件故障检测；故障诊断inspection of component failure；failure diagnostic 机车验收acceptance of locomotive机车试运转locomotive trial run形式试验type test性能试验performance test鉴定试验homologation test出厂试验predelivery test制动试验brake test牵引试验traction test负载试验loaded test；load test牵引热工试验traction and thermodynamique de traction定置试验stationary test；test at standstill动力学试验dynamics test强度试验strength test运用试验service test；operation test耐久性试验durability test可靠性试验reliability test例行试验routine test特殊试验special test研究性试验investigation test抽样试验sampling test模拟试验analogue test机车履历簿locomotive logbook直流电力机车DC electric locomotive单向交流电力机车single-phase AC electric locomotive单相工频交流电力机车single-phase industrial frequency AC electric locomotive 双电压制电力机车dual voltage electric locomotive双频率制电力机车dual frequency electric locomotive多电流制电力机车multiple system electric locomotive硅整流器电力机车silicon rectifier electric locomotive晶闸管整流器电力机车thyristor rectifier electric locomotive经闸管变流器电力机车thyristor converter electric locomotive电动车组electric multiple unit；motor coach set；electric motor train unit单相交流电动车组single-phase industrial frequency AC motor train unit地下铁道电动车组subway motor train unit电流制current system直流制DC system单相工频交流制single-phase industrial frequency AC system单相低频交流制single-phase low frequency AC system受电弓标称电压nominal voltage at pantograph调压方式voltage regulation mode高压侧调压high voltage regulation低压侧调压low voltage regulation分级调压stepped voltage regulation无级调压stepless voltage regulation相控调压phase control斩波调压chopper control变阻调压rheostatric control整流方式mode of rectification牵引变流器traction convertor牵引逆变器traction invertor牵引变频器traction frequency convertor可调牵引变频器variable frequency convertor直流斩波器DC chopper单相桥式整流器single-phase bridge rectifier三相桥式整流器three-phase bridge rectifier可控桥式整流器controlled bridge rectifier对称半控桥式整流器symmetric half-controlled bridge rectifier非对称半控桥式整流器asymmetric half-controlled bridge rectifier多段桥[联结] bridges in cascade；multi rectifier bridge硅整流装置silicon rectifier device晶闸管整流装置thyristor rectifier device励磁整流装置excitation rectifier device电力传动方式mode of electric drive直流传动DC drive交-直流传动AC-DC drive交-直-交流传动AC-DC-AC drive调速方式mode of speed control变压调速variable voltage speed control变频调速variable frequency speed control变极调速pole changing speed control车轴驱动方式mode of axle drive弹性齿轮驱动resilient gear drive刚性齿轮驱动solid gear drive单侧减速齿轮驱动single reduction gear drive双侧减速齿轮驱动double reduction gear drive单电动机驱动monomotor drive车轴空心轴驱动quill drive；hollow axle drive电机空心轴驱动hollow shaft motor drive万向轴驱动cardan shaft drive直接驱动gearless drive；direct drive独立驱动individual drive组合驱动coupled axle drive连杆驱动rod drive组合传动机车coupled axle drive locomotive独立传动机车individual drive locomotive齿轨传动机车；齿条传动机车rack locomotive牵引电动机供电制式traction motor power supply system 机车集中供电locomotive centralized power supply转向架独立供电bogie individual power supply电动机独立供电motor individual power supply主电路power circuit；main circuit高压电路high voltage circuit；high tension circuit低压电路low voltage circuit；low tension circuit网侧电路circuit on side of overhead contact line牵引电路traction circuit制动电路braking circuit滤波电路filter circuit辅助电路auxiliary circuit列车供电电路power supply circuit for train控制电路control circuit控制电源control source蓄电池电路battery circuit指令电路command circuit照明电路lighting circuit仪表电路instrument circuit联锁电路interlocking circuit信号电路signal circuit起动电路starting circuit保护电路protective circuit电子控制电路electronic control circuit电空制动电路electropneumatic brake ciucuit；E-P brake circuit防空转防滑行保护电路anti-slip/slide protection circuit音频通讯电路audio communication circuit电连接器electric coupler自动电连接器electric automatic coupler机车重联电连接器multi-locomotive electrc coupler牵引电动机traction motor直流牵引电动机DC traction motor脉流牵引电动机pulsating current traction motor交流牵引电动机AC traction motor单向交流牵引电动机single-phase AC traction motor三相交流牵引电动机three phase AC traction motor抱轴式牵引电动机axle hung traction motor；nose suspension traction motor架承式牵引电动机frame mounted traction motor转向架架承式牵引电动机bogie mounted traction motor底架架承式牵引电动机underframe mounted traction motor串励电动机series excited motor并励电动机shunt excited motor复励电动机compound excied motor他励电动机separately excited motor同步电动机synchronous motor异步电动机asynchronous motor交流换向器电动机alternating current commutator motor全封闭式电动机totally-enclosed motor通风式电动机ventilated motor自通风式电动机self-ventilated motor强迫通风式电动机force ventilated motor直线电动机；线性电动机linear motor直线同步电动机linear synchronous motor直线异步电动机；直线感应电动机linear asynchronous motor；linear induction motor 电动机转速motor speed电动机超速runaway speed电动机特性motor characteristic电动机转矩；电动机扭矩motor torque启动转矩starting torque峰值转矩peak torque制动转矩braking torque最大输出功率maximum output启动电流starting current峰值电流peak current标称电压nominal voltage变压器电势transformer EMF片间平均电压mean voltage between segments片间最高电压maximum voltage between segments 满磁场；全磁场full field消弱磁场weakened field最大磁场maximum field最小磁场minimum field磁场消弱率field weakening磁场消弱系数coefficient of field weakening恒功调速比speed ratio on constant power转向器commutator换向片commutator segment电枢线圈armature coil均压线equalizer；cable bond转轴shaft定子stator转子rotor主极铁心mainpole core主极线圈mainpole coil换向极铁心interpole core换相极线圈interpole coil补偿线圈compensating coil机座frame铸造机座cast frame焊接机座welding frame半叠片机座semi-laminated frame全叠片机座full-laminated frame电刷装置brush gear刷握brush-holder刷盒brush box电刷brush端盖end shield抱轴悬挂装置suspension bearing主发电机main generator直流主发电机DC main generator交流主发电机main alternator辅助发电机auxiliary generator直流辅助发电机DC auxiliary generator直流启动发电机DC starting generator；dynastarter 直流控制发电机DC control generator直流励磁机DC exciter劈相机Arno converter；phase splitter辅助电动机auxiliary motor直流辅助电动机DC quxiliary motor异步辅助电动机asynchronous auxiliary motor空压机电动机air compressor motor通风机电动机blower motor泵电动机pump motor控制电机control electric machine伺服电机；伺服马达servomotor自整角机synchro测速发电机tachogenerator机车牵引变压器traction transformer of locomotive心式牵引变压器core-type traction transformer壳式牵引变压器shell-type traction transformer自藕牵引变压器traction autotransformer调压牵引变压器regulating traction transformer分接牵引变压器tapped traction transformer油浸式牵引变压器oil-immersed type traction transformer 整流变压器rectifier transformer电源变压器supply transformer隔离变压器；绝缘变压器isolating transformer同步变压器synchronous transformer脉冲变压器pulse transformer控制变压器control transformer信号变压器signal transformer励磁变压器excitation transformer高压绕组high voltage winding；high tension winding低压绕组low voltage winding；low tension winding调压绕组regulating winding励磁绕组excitation winding辅助绕组auxiliary winding列车供电绕组train coach supply winding自然循环natural circulation强迫循环forced circulation强迫导向循环forced guided circulation牵引电抗器traction tractor平波电抗器smoothing reactor过渡电抗器transition reactor接地电抗器earthing reactor；grounding reactor制动电抗器braking reactor分流电抗器divert shunt reactor；inductive shunt滤波电抗器filter reactor均流电抗器sharing reactor限流电抗器inductive reactor；current limiting reactor 换相电抗器commutation reactor起动电阻器staring resistor制动电阻器braking resistor过渡电阻器transistion resistor分流电阻器divert shunt resistor；shunting resistor稳定电阻器stabilizing resistor调节电阻器regulating resistor制动电阻柜braking resistor cubicle制动电阻元件braking resistor grid非线性电阻器non-linear resistor滤波电容器filter capacitor换相电容器commutating capacitor保护电容器protective capacitor起动电容器starting capacitor补偿电容器compensation capacitor主断路器line circuit-breaker真空主断路器line vacuum circuit-breaker空气主断路器line air-blast circuit-breaker直流高速断路器DC high speed circuit-breaker受电器current collector受电弓pantograph单臂受电弓single arm pantograph双臂受电弓double arm pantograph弓头pantograph bow受电弓滑板pantograph pan弓角pantograph horn受电弓气缸pantograph cylinder支持绝缘子supporting insulator第三轨受电器conductor rail collector受电靴装置shoegear集电靴collector shoe电磁接触器electromagnetic contactor直流接触器DC contactor交流接触器AC contactor电空接触器electropneumatic contactor组合接触器grouping contactor线路接触器line contactor磁场削弱接触器field weakening contactor制动接触器braking contactor励磁接触器excitation contactor辅助接触器auxiliary contactor调压开关tap changer低压调压开关low voltage tap changer；low tension tap changer 高压调压开关high voltage tap changer；high tension tap changer 位置转换开关position changeover switch鼓形位置转换开关drum position changeover switch凸轮位置转换开关cam position changeover switch牵引-制动位转换开关power/brake changeover switch反向器reverser电流制转换开关current system changeover switch主电路库用转换开关main circuit transfer switch for shed supply辅助电路库用转换开关auxiliary circuit transfer switch for shed supply短路器short-circuiting device接地开关earthing switch牵引电动机隔离开关traction motor isolating switch受电弓隔离开关pantograph isolating switch主整流柜隔离开关isolating switch for main silicon rectifier cubicle劈相机故障隔离开关fault isolating switch for phase splitter控制电源隔离开关isolating switch for control supply司机控制器driver controller调车控制器shunting controller电空制动控制器E-P brake controller按键开关button switch；key switch自复式按键开关self-reset push-key switch非自复式按键开关non-self-reset push-key switch主按键开关组main button switch group；main key switch set副按键开关组secondary push-key switch group；secondary key switch set 电磁阀electromagnetic valve电空阀clectropneumatic valve电液阀electro-hydraulic valve保护阀protective valve受电弓电空阀pantograph valve防空转撒沙电空阀anti-slip sanding valve防空转防滑行保护装置anti-slip/slide protection device轴重转移补偿装置axle load transfer compensation device功率因数补偿装置power factor compensation device电压继电器voltage relay电流继电器current relay时间继电器time relay中间继电器intermediate relay速度继电器speed relay温度继电器temperature relay压力继电器pressure relay欠电压继电器under-voltage relay过电流继电器over-current relay转速继电器tachometric relay流速继电器flow relay接地继电器earth fault relay风压继电器air pressure relay油压继电器oil-pressure relay起动继电器starting relay主电路库用插座main circuit socket for shed supply辅助电路库用插座auxiliary circuit socket for shed supply控制电路库用插座control circuit socket for shed supply重联插座multiple unit socket印制电路板插座printed circuit board socket电压调整器voltage regulator温度调整器temperature regulator位置指示器notch indicator数字显示器digital display司机室取暖电炉driver's cab electric heater司机室热风装置driver's cab air heater司机室空调装置driver's cab air conditioner电热玻璃electric heating glass电测仪表electrical measuring instrument牵引电机电压表traction motor voltmeter牵引电机电流表traction motor ammeter励磁电流表excitation ammeter网侧电压表voltmeter on side of overhead contact line；overhead side voltmeter 辅助电路电压表auxiliary circuit voltmeter控制电源电压表control supply voltmeter控制电源电流表control supply ammeter机车速度表locomotive speedometer单相电度表single-phase wat-hour meter速度记录仪tachograph传感器sensor；transducer电压传感器voltage sensor电流传感器current sensor压力传感器pressure sensor速度传感器speed sensor温度传感器temperature sensor直流电流互感器DC current transformer阀形避雷器valve type arrester放电器discharger轮缘喷油器flange lubricator接地安全棒earthing pole接地回流电刷earth return brush前照灯head lamp；head light副前照灯subhead lamp；dim head light标志灯marker lamp走行部灯bogie lamp车号灯side number plate lamp路签灯train staff lamp记事灯writing lamp照明灯illuminating lamp指示灯indicator lamp风喇叭air horn高音风喇叭high tone air horn低音风喇叭low tone air horn警笛siren警惕装置vigilance device机车组装后的检查与试验inspection and test of locomotive after completion of construction一般性检查general inspection称重试验weighing test压缩空气设备全面的气密性试验test for over-all air-tightness of compressed air equipments车体及外部装备密封试验test for sealing of body and external equipment受电弓试验pantograph test介电强度试验dielectric test事故预防措施的检查checks for prevention of accidents安全设备试验test on safety equipments蓄电池充电系统试验checks of battery charging-arrangement通风冷却试验test on ventilation and cooling空气制动试验test on air brake曲线通过实验curve negotiation test机车振动参数测试measurements of vibration parameters辅助机组试验test on auxiliary machines机车调速试验test on speed regulation主电路短路保护系统试验test on short-circuit protection system of main circuit主电路过载保护系统试验test on overload protection system of main circuit内部过电压试验test on internal overvoltage外部过电试验test on external overvoltage机车功率试验locomotive [traction] power test机车功率因数测定measurment of power factor机车效率测定measurement of efficiency of locomotive谐波电流百分比测定measurement of percentage of harmonic current起动加速试验starting and acceleration test运行阻力试验test for running resistance电气制动试验electric braking test滤尘效果试验test on filter efficiency撒沙装置试验test on sanding gear重联运行试验test on coupled operation；test on multi unit operation司机室工作条件检查check on working conditions in the driver's cab机械转动内燃机车diesel-mechanical locomotive液力传动内燃机车diesel-hydraulic locomotive电力传动内燃机车diesel-electric locomotive内燃动车组diesel coach set柴油机diesel engine二冲程柴油机two stroke diesel engine四冲程柴油机four stroke diesel engine低速柴油机low speed diesel engine中速柴油机medium speed diesel engine高速柴油机high speed diesel engine增压柴油机supercharged diesel engine废气涡轮增压柴油机turbocharged diesel engine机械增压柴油机engine-driven supercharged diesel engine两级增压柴油机two-stage supercharged diesel engine复合式柴油机compound-supercharged diesel engine直列式柴油机straight type diesel engine；in line type diesel engine 对活塞式柴油机opposed-piston type diesel engineV型柴油机V-type diesel engineH型柴油机H-type diesel engine水冷柴油机water-cooled diesel engine气缸直径cylinder bore diameter曲柄半径crank radius活塞行程piston stroke行程缸径比stroke/bore ratio连杆长度length of connecting rod连杆比connecting rod length/crank radius ratio上止点top dead point；upper dead center下止点bottom dead point；lower dead center内止点inner dead point；inner dead center外止点outer dead point；outer dead center气缸最大容积maximum stroke volume气缸最小容积minimum stroke volume气缸工作容积stroke volume总排量total displacement充量charge工质working substance；medium工作循环working cycle进气行程intake stroke压缩行程compression stroke膨胀行程expansion stroke排气行程exhaust stroke配气相位；配气定时valve timing换气过程scavenging period扫气泵扫气blower scavenging扫气压力scavenging pressure进气温度intake temperature进气压力intake pressure缸盖出口废气温度exhaust temperature at cylinder head outlet涡轮入口废气温度exhaust temperature at turbine inlet涡轮入废气压力exhaust pressure at turbine inlet涡轮膨胀比expansion ratio of turbine排气温度exhaust temperature排气背压exhaust back pressure残余废气residual gas残余废气系数coefficient of residual gas充量系数coefficient of charge扫气系数coefficient of scavenging过量空气系数excess air factor空燃比air/fuel ratio扫气效率scavenging efficiency压缩始点压力compression beginning pressure压缩终点压力compression terminal pressure压缩始点温度compression beginning temperature压缩终点温度compression terminal temperature压缩多变指数polytropic index of compression压缩比compression ratio有效压缩比effective compression ratio最高燃烧温度maximum combustion temperature最高爆发压力maximum explosive pressure；peak pressure；maximum firing pressure 压力升高比pressure step-up ratio；rate of pressure rise膨胀终点温度expansion terminal temperature膨胀终点压力expansion terminal pressure膨胀多变指数polytropic index of expansion放热规律law of heat release热平衡heat balance；thermo balance示功图indicator diagram示功图丰满系数fullness coefficient of indicator diagram工作过程working process指示功indicated work指示燃油消耗率indicared specific fuel consumption有效燃油消耗率effective specific fuel consumption燃油消耗量fuel consumption机油消耗率specific oil consumption机油消耗量oil consumption空气消耗量air consumption空气消耗率specific air consumption发火次序firing order定时timing燃烧过程combustion process点火ignition雾化atomization喷油速率injection rate喷油规律law of injection喷油持续角continuous injection angle供油提前角advance angle of fule supply喷油提前角injection advance angle滞燃期conbustion lagging period；combusting delay period 显燃期sensible combustion period后燃期after burning period增压supercharging增压压力supercharging pressure增压比supercharging ratio废气涡轮增压exhaust turbocharging机械增压engine-driven supercharging定压增压constant pressure charging脉冲增压pulse charging增压中冷charge inter-cooling增压器出口温度discharge temperature of supercharger增压度degree of turbocharging；degree of supercharging 喘振surge时间-面积值time-area value直接喷射燃烧室direct injection combustion chamber涡轮室式燃烧室swirl combustion chamber预燃室式燃烧室precombustion chamber；pre-chamber球型燃烧室spherical combustion chamberω型燃烧室toroidal combustion chamber盆形燃烧室bowl [shaped] combustion chamber挤压涡流extruding swirl进气涡流intake swirl积炭carbon deposit结胶caking柴油机爆燃；柴油机工作粗暴engine detonation敲缸knock废气净化exhaust purification排气烟度exhaust smoke density持续功率continuous power修正功率corrected power指示功率indicated power有效功率effective power机械损失功率mechanical loss power最大功率maximum power单缸功率power per cylinder升功率volume power活塞面积piston area单位活塞面积功率piston unit area power储备功率reserve power功率储备系数coefficient of reaerve power平均指示压力mean indicated pressure平均有效压力mean effective pressure平均机械损失压力mean mechanical loss pressure机械效率mechanicial efficiency指示热效率indicated thermal efficiency有效热效率useful thermal efficiency标称转速nominal speed最低空载稳定转速minimum idling stabilized speed转速波动率rate of speed fluctuation瞬时调速率instantaneous speed change rate活塞平均速度mean piston speed热负荷thermal load机械负荷mechanical load强化系数coefficient of intensification烟度limit of smoke柴油机净重net weight of diesel engine穴蚀cavitation窜机油lubricating oil carry-over窜气vlow-by拉缸piston scraping抱缸piston seizure飞车run away标准大气状况standard atmospheric condition环境温度ambient temperature相对湿度relative humidity柴油机特性diesel engine characteristic负荷特性；负载特性load characteristic速度特性speed characteristic万有特性universal characteristic调速特性；外特性；全负荷速度特性speec regulation characteristics 空载特性no-load characteristic台架试验stand test；bench test磨合running-in柴油机起动试验diesel engine starting test各缸均匀性试验cylinder power equalizing test最低工作稳定转速试验minimum steady speed test最低空载转速试验minimum no-load speed test热平衡试验heat balance test超负荷试验over-load test增压器配机试验turbocharger matching test机体engine block；main frame气缸体cylinder block曲轴箱crankcase曲轴箱呼吸器crankcase breather柴油机支座engine support油底壳oil pan；oil sump曲轴箱防爆门explosion-proof door of crankcase油气分离器oil separator活塞冷却喷嘴piston cooling nozzle气缸cylinder气缸套cylinder liner水套water jacket扫气箱scavenging box连接箱connecting box泵支承箱pump supporting box主轴承main bearing主轴承座main bearing seat；main bearing housing 主轴承盖main bearing cap止推轴承盖thrust bearing cap主轴瓦main bearing shell止推轴瓦thrust bearing shell止推环thrust ring主轴承螺栓main bearing stud主轴承螺母main bearing nut曲轴crankshaft主轴颈crank journal；main journal曲柄销crank pin曲柄臂crank arm曲柄crank曲轴平衡块crankshafr counter balance飞轮flywheel曲轴减振器crankshsft vibration damper硅油减振器silicon oil damper硅油弹簧减振器silicon spring damper摆式减振器pendulum damper弹簧式减振器spring damper活塞piston整体活塞one-piece piston组合composite piston活塞体piston body活塞头piston head活塞裙piston skirt活塞衬套piston bush活塞环piston ring气环gas ring油环oil ring活塞销piston pin连杆connecting rod连杆体connecting rod body连杆衬套connecting rod bush连杆轴瓦connecting rod bearing shell连杆盖connecting rod cap连杆螺栓connecting rod bolt连杆螺母connecting rod nut主连杆main connecting rod副连杆auxiliary connecting rod气缸盖cylinder head气缸盖螺栓cylinder head stud气缸盖螺母cylinder head nut预燃室precombustion chamber预燃室喷嘴precombustion chamber nozzle示公阀indicator valve气门valve进气门inlet valve排气门exhaust valve气门弹簧valve spring气门座valve seat气门导管valve guide气门摇臂valve rocker气门横臂valve cross arm气门推杆valve push rod气门挺柱valve tappet滚轮摇臂roller rocker气门旋转机构valve rotating mechanism凸轮轴camshaft进气凸轮inlet cam排气凸轮exhaust cam喷油嘴凸轮injection pump cam曲轴正时齿轮crankshaft timing gear凸轮轴正时齿轮camshaft timing gear调速器驱动齿轮；调速器传动齿轮governor drive gear喷油泵驱动齿轮；喷油泵传动齿轮injection pump drive gear 喷油泵传动装置injection pump transmission mechanism自动喷调装置injection timer喷油泵injection pump柱塞偶件plunger matching parts柱塞plunger matching parts柱塞套plunger sleeve出油阀偶件delivery valve matching parts出油阀delivery valve出油阀座delivery valve seat喷油器fuel injector喷油嘴偶件injector nozzle matching parts喷油嘴针阀nozzle needle valve喷油嘴针阀体nozzle needle valve body喷油嘴滤芯injector filter core高压油管high pressure fuel pipe调速器governor调速系统speed-governing system调速伺服系统speed-governing servomechanism功率调节系统power regulating system转速表传动装置transmission gear of tachometer柴油机转速表diesel engine tachometer起动加速器starting accelerator控制机构control mechanism超速停车装置overspeed trip紧急停车装置emergency stop mechanism盘车机构barring mechanism；barring gear滑动式盘车机构sliding type barring mechanism回转式盘车机构rotary type barring mechanism涡轮增压器turbocharger压气机blower导风轮inducer压气机叶轮blower impeller废气涡轮exhaust turbine喷嘴环nozzle ring扩压器diffuser中冷器intercooler进气管air inlet pipe进气稳压箱air inlet pressure stabilizing chamber排气总管exhaust manifold排气支管exhaust branch pipe排气箱exhaust box波纹管bellows消声器noise silencer；muffler扫气泵scavenging pump液力传动hydraulic transmission单循环液力传动single-circuit hydraulic transmission多循环液力传动multi-circuit hydraulic transmission液力机械传动hydromechanical drive单流液力机械传动hydromechanical drive with inner ramification 双流液力机械传动gydromechanical drive with outer ramification 混合液力机械传动hydromechanical drive with dierct step液力传动系统hydraulic transmission system液力传动箱hydraulic transmission gear box液力转向传动箱hydrodynamic reverser主弹性联轴节main elastic coupling中间齿轮箱intermediate gear box车轴齿轮箱axle gear box起动变扭器；起动变矩器starting torque converter运转变扭器；运转变矩器running torque converter液力循环元件hydraulic unit液力偶合器hydraulic coupler液力制动器hydraulic brake液力变扭器；液力变矩器hydraulic torque converter 变扭比；变矩比torque ratio泵轮pump impeller涡轮turbine导轮guide wheel工作轮blade wheel输入轴input shaft变扭器轴；变矩器轴torque converter shaft输出轴output shaft换向轴reversing shaft供油泵oil feed pump换挡changeover governor液力制动阀hydrodynamic brake valve液力制动操纵阀hydrodynamic brake operating valve 充量限制阀filling limiting valve闸板阀gate valve闸板转换阀gate change-over valve换向限止阀standstill detector valve温度调节阀temperature regulating valve控制阀control pump惰行阀idle running pump冷却水泵cooling water pump膨胀水箱expansion tank；expansion drum散热器radiator冷却风扇cooling fan预热锅炉preheating boiler燃油输送泵fuel feed pump燃油粗滤器fuel prefilter燃油精滤器fuel precision filter机油泵lubricating oil pump起动机油泵starting lubricating oil pump辅助机油泵auxiliary lubricating oil pump高压机油泵high pressure lubricating oil pump机油滤清器lubricating oil filter机油粗滤器lubricating prefilter离心式机油滤清器centrifugal oil filter增压器机油滤清器oil precision filter for turbocharger机油热交换器lubricating oil heat exchanger油浴式空气滤清器oil bath air filter钢板网式空气滤清器steel sheet mesh type air filter旋风筒式空气滤清器cyclone type air filter磨擦离合器friction clutch离合器操纵装置clutch operating device静液压泵hydrostatic pump静液压马达hydrostatic motor安全阀safety valve百叶窗油缸oil cylinder of shutter车架frame机车牵引梁draw beam前窗front window侧窗side window司机座椅driver's chair动力室power room冷却室cooling room电器室electric apparatus room内走廊；通道inside corridor；gangway外走廊outside corridor；running board排障器pilot；life guard路签授受器staff exchanger；tablet exchanger刮雨器windshield wiper；windscreen wiper遮阳板sun-shield燃油箱fuel tank油位表fuel level gage油尺fuel dipstick轴箱轴承axle box bearing轴端轴承axle end bearing抱轴轴承axle hung bearing；suspension bearing抱轴瓦axle suspension bush传动齿轮transmission gear主动齿轮driving gear从动齿轮driven gear牵引装置draw gear索引杆draw bar燃煤机车coal fired locomotive煤粉机车pulverized coal locomotive；fine coal locomotive 煤气机车gas fired locomotive单胀式蒸汽机车single expansion steam locomotive复胀式蒸汽机车compound expansion steam locomotive模数牵引力modulus of tractive effort指示牵引力indecated tractive effort锅炉牵引力boiler tractive effort。
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控温运输||transport under controlled temperature控制爆破||controlled blasting控制泵||control pump控制变压器||control transformer控制点||controlling point控制电机||control electric machine控制电缆连接器||control cable coupling控制电路||control circuit控制电路库用插座||control circuit socket for shed supply控制电源||control source控制电源电流表||control supply ammeter控制电源电压表||control supply voltmeter控制电源隔离开关||isolating switch for control supply控制对象||controlled object控制工程||dominant project控制机构||control mechanism控制盘||control panel控制区间||control section,controlling section控制室||control cabin控制台||control desk控制台单元||control desk element控制台室||control room控制箱||control box控制信号||control signal控制信号检波器||control signal detector控制站||control station控制周期||control cycle控制字符||control character扣车条件||specified conditions for detaining cars扣件||rail fastening; 又称“中间联结零件”。
扣件扣压力||toe load of fastening库检||examination in depot跨径||span; 又称“跨度”。
跨线桥||overpass bridge, grade separation bridge, flyover; 又称“立交桥”。
跨越杆||cross-over pole跨装||straddle快动继电器||quick-acting relay快速接头||quick coupling快速转辙机||quick-acting switch machine快吸继电器||quick pick-up relay宽带干扰||broadband interference宽带信道||wide-band channel宽轨铁路||broad-gage railway宽混凝土轨枕||broad concrete tie; 曾用名“轨枕板”。
矿山法||mining method,mine tunnelling method矿山铁路||mine railway矿石车||ore car矿渣道碴||slag ballast馈电电流||feeding current扩大||enlargement扩大初步设计||enlarged preliminary design, expanded preliminary design扩大基础||spread foundation扩频通信||spread spectrum communication扩压器||diffuser扩音柱||speaking post in yard扩音转接机||control set for sound amplifying in yard阔大货物||exceptional dimension freight阔大货物限界||clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension, clearance limit for oversize commodities拉板式轴箱定位装置||tie-plate type journal box positioning device拉槽||pull trough,trench excavated拉撑||brace; 又称“斜撑”。
拉出值||stagger拉杆[压管]||upper cantilever拉杆||toggle arm拉杆底座||bracket base拉杆式轴箱定位装置||tie-rod type journal box positioning device拉缸||piston scraping拉钩检查距离||car spacing for uncoupled inspection拉沟||slotting拉门||sliding door; 又称“滑门”。
拉钮||pull-out button拉线||stay栏杆||railing, handrail, handrailing拦石墙||stone cut off wall,stone falling wall,buttress wall for intercepting falling rocks缆索||cable缆索起重机||cable crane朗格尔式桥||Langer bridge,flexible arch bridge with rigid tie; 又称“刚性系杆柔性拱桥”。
劳动定额||labor norm, labor ratings劳动工资计划||plan of labor and wages雷达测速器||radar speedometer雷电干扰||lightning interference冷藏集装箱||refrigerated container冷藏加温车||refrigerator and heater car冷藏运输||refrigerated transport冷冻板冷藏车||freezing-plate refrigerator car冷滑||cold-running冷凝器||condenser冷凝器风道||condenser air concentrator冷却风扇||cooling fan冷却货物||cooled freight冷却室||cooling room冷却水泵||cooling water pump冷水泵||cold water pump冷铸铁轮||chilled cast iron wheel离合器操纵装置||clutch operating device离去表示||departure indication离去区段||departure section离水格子||floor rack离线||contact loss离线率||contact loss rate离心式机油滤清器||centrifugal oil filter离心水泵||centrifugal pump理论空气量||theoretical air励磁变压器||excitation transformer励磁电流表||excitation ammeter励磁电路||energizing circuit励磁接触器||excitation contactor励磁绕组||excitation winding励磁整流装置||excitation rectifier device历史洪水位||historic flood level例行试验||routine test立接制||no-delay 〔demand〕working立体交叉||grade separation立柱式托盘||post pallet立爪式装岩机||vertical claw rock loader沥青道床||asphalt cemented ballast bed联轨站||junction station联合集尘截断塞门||combined dirt collector and cut-out cock 联络线||connecting line联锁||interlocking联锁表||interlocking table联锁道岔||interlocked switch联锁电路||interlocking circuit联锁区||interlocking area联锁设备||interlocking equipment联锁图表||interlocking chart and table联锁箱||point detector联锁箱联锁||interlocking by point detector联系电路||liaison circuit连杆||connecting rod连杆比||connecting rod length/crank radius ratio连杆长度||length of connecting rod连杆衬套||connecting rod bush连杆盖||connecting rod cap连杆螺母||connecting rod nut连杆螺栓||connecting rod bolt连杆驱动||rod drive连杆体||connecting rod body连杆轴瓦||connecting rod bearing shell连挂速度||coupling speed连接||connection连接方式||connection mode连接杆||pipe link连接拉杆||cylinder lever connecting rod连接箱||connecting box连续梁桥||continuous beam bridge连续式调速系统||continued type speed control system连续式轨道电路||continuous track circuit连续式机车信号||continuous type cab signaling链斗卸车机||unloading machine with chain buckets链斗装车机||loading machine with chain buckets链接电缆||link cable链路管理||link management链路控制规程||link control procedure链路协议||link protocol链形悬挂||overhead contact line with catenary,longitudinal suspension 链子钩||screw coupling梁端缓冲梁||auxiliary girder for controlling angle change梁高||depth of girder梁腋||haunch两点检查||released by checking two sections两级增压柴油机||two-stage supercharged diesel engine两阶段设计||two-step design, two-phase design两系悬挂||two stage suspension量化||quantizing了望车||observation car了望窗||observation window列车||train列车保留||train stock reserved列车闭路电视||cable TV on train列车编成辆数||number of cars in a train列车编组顺序表||train consist list, train list列车长||train conductor列车车次||train number列车车底需要数||number of passenger train set required列车冲击力||impact force of train; 又称“冲击荷载”。