铁路25个专业词汇汉英翻译
铁路专业英文词汇
铁路专业词汇一、铁路；铁道railway railroad铁路线 railway line； railroad line铁路网 railway network； railroad network 铁道科学 railway science铁路技术 railway technology铁路等级 railway classification国有铁路 national railway； state railway 地方铁路 local railway； regional railway 私有铁路 private railway合资铁路 joint investment railway； jointly owned railway标准轨铁路 standard-gage railway窄轨铁路 narrow-gage railway米轨铁路 meter-gage railway宽轨铁路 broad-gage railway单线铁路 single track railway双线铁路 double track railway多线铁路 multiple track railway重载铁路 heavy haul railway高速铁路 high speed railway电气化铁路；电力铁路 electrified railway；electric railway干线铁路 main line railway； trunk railway 市郊铁路 suburban railway地下铁道；地铁 subway； metro； underground railway工业企业铁路 industry railway矿山铁路 mine railway轻轨铁路 light railway； light rail高架铁路 elevated railway单轨铁路；独轨铁路monorail；monorail railway磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway；maglev森林铁路 forest railway山区铁路 mountain railway既有铁路 existing railway新建铁路 newly-built railway改建铁路 reconstructed railway运营铁路 railway in operation； operation；operating railway专用铁路 special purpose railway干线 trunk line； main line支线 branch line铁路专用线 railway special line货运专线 railway line for freight traffic；freight special line； freight traffic only line客运专线 railway line for passenger traffic；passenger special line； passenger traffic only line客货运混合铁路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度；运营里程 operation length of railway； operating distance； revenue length 列车运行图 train diagram铁路建筑长度 construction length of railway 区间 section区段 district轨距 rail gage； rail gauge轮重 wheel load轴重 axle load最大轴重 maximum allowable axle load限制轴重 axle load limited限界 clearance； gauge限界图 clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance； structure clearance for railway；railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance； fundamental structure gauge桥梁建筑限界 bridge construction clearance；bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限 tunnel construction clearance；tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界 rolling stock clearance for railway； vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界 clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界 clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界 loading clearance limit； loading gauge阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension； clearance limit for oversize commodities接触网限界clearance limit for overhead contract wire； clearance limit for overhead catenary system； overhead catenary system gauge列车与线路相互作用 track-train interaction 轮轨关系 wheel-rail relation； wheel-rail interaction粘着系数 adhesion coefficient车轮滑行 wheel sliding； wheel skid车轮空转 wheel slipping牵引种类kinds of traction；category of traction牵引方式 mode of traction牵引定数 tonnage rating； tonnage of traction 装载系数 loading coefficient速度 speed持续速度 continuous speed 限制速度 limited speed； speed restriction 均衡速度 balancing speed构造速度 construction speed； design speed 最高速度 maximum speed临界速度 critical speed重载列车 heavy haul train高速列车 high speed train超长超重列车 exceptionally long and heavy train列车正面冲突 train collision列车尾追 train tail collision列车尾部防护 train rear end protection伸缩运动 fore and aft motion蛇行运动 hunting； nosing列车压缩 train running in列车拉伸 train running out列车分离 train separation列车颠覆 train overturning列车动力学 train dynamics列车空气动力学 train aerodynamics机车车辆振动 vibration of rolling stock纵向振动 longitudinal vibration横向振动 lateral vibration垂向振动 vertical vibration摆滚振动 rock-roll vibration浮沉振动 bouncing； vibration测滚振动 rolling ； vibration测摆振动 swaying； vibration点头振动 pitching； nodding摇头振动 yawing； hunting机车车辆共振 resonance of rolling stock机车车辆冲击 impact of rolling纵向冲击 longitudinal impact横向冲击 lateral impact垂向冲击 vertical impact货运站综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations at freight station行车指挥自动化 automation of traffic control 编组场综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations in marshalling yard铁路运营信息系统railway operation information system铁路数据交换系统railway data exchange system运营系统模拟 simulation of operation system 铁路法 railway law铁道法规 railway act铁路条例 railway code铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technical operation综合运输comprehensive transport；multi-mode transport； intermode transport 国际铁路联运 international railway through traffic大陆桥；洲际铁路 transcontinental railway；intercontinental railway； land-railway国际联运协定agreement of international through traffic国际联运议定书protocol of international through traffic国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic二、铁路新线建设newly-built railway construction铁路技术改造 technical reform of railway；technical renovation of railway； betterment and improvement of railway铁路主要技术条件 main technical standard of railway；main techincal requirement of railway 单位工程 unit project分部工程 part project分项工程 item project预可行性研究 pre-feasibility study项目建议书 proposed task of project可行性研究 feasibility study设计阶段 design phase； design stage三阶段设计 three-step design； three-phase design两阶段设计two-step design；two-phase design一阶段设计one-step design；one-phase design初步设计 preliminary design技术设计 technical design扩大初步设计 enlarged preliminary design；expanded preliminary design施工图设计construction detail design；working-drawing design变更设计 altered design设计概算 apporximate estimate of design；budgetary estimate of design个别概算 individual approximate estimate综合概算 comprehensive approximate estimate 总概算 sum of approximate estimate； total estimate； summary estimate修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate； revised general estimate调整总概算adjusted sum of approximate estimate投资检算 checking of investment预算定额 rating of budget； rating form for budget概算定额 rating of approximate estimate；rating form for estimate投资估算 investment estimate估算指标 index of estimate机械台班定额 rating per machine per team；rating per machine-team工程直接费 direct expense of project； direct cost of project工程间接费indirect expense of project；indirect cost of project工程预备费 reserve fund of project设计鉴定 certification of design； appraisal of design竣工决算 final accounts of completed project 铁路用地 right-of-way铁路勘测 railway reconnaissance调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation；investigation survey；investigation surveying and sketching地形调查 topographic survey地貌调查topographic feature survey；geomorphologic survey地质调查 geologic survey经济调查 economic investigation； economic survey水文地质调查 hydrogeologic survey土石成分调查survey of soil and rock composition土石物理力学性质physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock土石分类 classification of soil and rock地基承载力 bearing capacity of foundation；bearing capacity of ground；bearing of subgrade隧道围岩分级classification of tunnel surrounding rock地质图测绘 survey and drawing of geological map； surveying and sketching of geological map勘探 exploration； prospecting挖探 excavation prospecting钻探 boring； exploration drilling物探 geophysical prospecting室内测试 indoor test； laboratory test原位测试 in situ test静力触探 static sounding； static probing；cone penetration test动力触探试验 dynamic penetration test标准贯入试验 standard penetration test区域地质 regional geology工程地质 engineering geology不良地质 unfavorable geology特殊地质 special geology工程地质条件engineering geologic；requirement； engineering geologic condition 气象资料 meteorological data冻结深度 freezing depth地震基本烈度 basic intensity of earthquake；seismic basic intensity工程地质图 engineering geological map地层柱状图column diagram of stratum；graphic logs of strata； drill log of stratum 洪水调查 flood survey河道调查 river course survey冰凌调查 ice floe survey； frazil ice survey 汇水区流域特征调查 survey of catchment basin characteristics水文断面hydrologic sectional drawing；dydrologic section；hydrologic cross-section主河槽 main river channel设计流速 design current velocity设计高程；设计标高 design elevation河流比降 slope of river； comparable horizon of river历史洪水位 historic flood level最高水位 highest water level； HWL通航水位 navigation water level； NWL桥涵水文 hydrology of bridge and culvert水利半径 hydraulic radius桥前壅水高度 backwater height in front of bridge； top water level in front of bridge 桥渡勘测设计survey and design of bridge crossing水面坡度 slope of water surface水文测量 hydrological survey泥石流流域 catchment basin of debris flow 分水岭 watershed； dividing ridge汇水面积 catchment area； water collecting area； drainage area洪水频率 flood frequency设计流量 design discharge设计水位 design water level施工水位 construction level； construction water level； working water level设计洪水过程线 designed flood hydrograph容许冲刷 allowable scour一般冲刷 general scour局部冲刷 local scour； partial scour三、铁路测量 railway survey线路踏勘；草测 route reconnaissance初测 preliminary survey定测location survey；alignment；final location survey导线测量 traversing； traverse survey光电导线 photoelectric traverse地形测量 topographical survey 横断面测量 cross leveling； cross-section survey； cross-section leveling线路测量route survey；profile survey；longitudinal survey既有线测量；旧线测量survey of existing railway线路复测repetition survey of existing railway； resurvey of existing railway测量精度survey precision；precision of survey均方差；中误差 mean square error最大误差；极限误差 maximum error； limiting error中线测量 center line survey中线桩 center line stake加桩additional stake； plus stake外移桩shift out stake；stake outward；offset stake水准点高程测量 bench mark leveling中桩高程测量；中平 center stake leveling曲线控制点 curve control point放线 setting-out of route； lay out of route 交点 intersection point副交点 auxiliary intersection point转向角 deflection angle分转向角 auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角 plane-coordinate azimuth象限角 quadrantal angle经纬距 plane rectangular coordinate断链 broken chain投影断链 projection of broken chain断高 broken height铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测 railway aerial photogrammetry铁路航空勘测 railway aerial surveying航带设计flight strip design；design of flight strip铁路工程地质遥感 remote sensing of railway engineering geology测段 segment of survey航测选线 aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry全球定位系统 global positioning system； GPS 像片索引图 index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey；triangulation精密导线测量precise traverse survey；accurate traverse survey三角高程测量 trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量outside tunnel control survey隧道洞内控制测量 in tunnel control survey；through survey隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal；geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量 survey of bridge axis铁路选线railway location；approximate railway location； location of railway route selection平原地区选线 location in plain region； plain location越岭选线 location of mountain line； location of line in mountain region； location over mountain山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location； location of line of in mountain and valley region丘陵地段选线 hilly land location； location of line on hilly land工程地质选线 engineering geoligic location of line线间距 distance between centers of tracks；midway between tracks车站分布 distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison；route alternative投资回收期 repayment period of capital cost 纸上定线 paper location of line缓坡地段 section of easy grade； section of gentle slope紧坡地段 section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段 section of unsufficient grade；section fo insufficient grade导向线 leading line； alignment guiding line 拔起高度；克服高度height of lifting；lifting height； ascent of elevation横断面选线 cross-section method of railway location；location with cross-section method； cross-section method for location of line展线 extension of line； development of line；line development展线系数coefficient of extension line；coefficient of development line套线 overlapping line线路平面图 track plan； line plan线路纵断面图 track profile； line profile 站坪长度 length of station site站坪坡度 grade of station site控制区间control section；controlling section最小曲线半径 minimum radius of curve圆曲线 circular curve单曲线 simple curve缓和曲线 transition curve； easement curve；spiral transition curve缓和曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature； rate of transition curve复曲线 compound curve同向曲线curves of same sense；adjacent curves in one direction反向曲线 reverse curve； curve of opposite sense夹直线 intermediate straight line； tangent between curves坡度 grade； gradient； slope人字坡 double spur grade限制坡度 ruling grade； limiting grade加力牵引坡度 pusher grade； assisting grade 最大坡度 maximum grade临界坡度 critical grade长大坡度 long steep grade； long heavy grade 动力坡度 momentum grade均衡坡度 balanced grade有害地段 harmful district无害地段 harmless district变坡点 point of gradient change； breake in grade坡段 grade section坡段长度 length of grade section坡度差 algebraic difference between adjacent gradients竖曲线 vertical curve分坡平段 level stretch between opposite sign gradient缓和坡度 slight grade； flat grade； easy grade起动缓坡 flat gradient for starting 加速缓坡 easy gradient for acceleration；accelerating grade坡度折减 compensation of gradient； gradient compensation； grade compensation曲线折减compensation of curve；curve compesation隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel； compensation grade in tunnel绕行地段 detouring section； round section 换侧；换边 change side of double line容许应力设计法allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法 plastic stage design method 极限状态设计法 limit state design method 概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法probabilisatic limit state design method 地震系数法 seismic coefficient method四、路基subgrade；road bed；formation subgrade岩石路基 rock subgrade渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade；pervious embankment非渗水土路基 non-permeable soil subgrade；impervious embankment特殊土路基 subgrade of special soil软土地区路基 subgrade in soft soil zone；subgrade in soft； clay region泥沼地区路基 subgrade in bog zone； subgrade in morass region； subgrade in swampland 膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基 subgrade in swelling soil zone； subgrade in expansive soil region盐渍土地区路基 subgrade in salty soil zone；subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soilzone特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition河滩路堤 embankment on plain river beach滨河路堤 embankment on river bank水库路基 subgrade in reservoir； embankment crossing reservoir崩塌地段路基 subgrade in rock fall district；subgrade in collapse zone岩堆地段路基 subgrade in rock deposit zone；subgrade in talus zone； subgrade in scree zone滑坡地段路基 subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基 subgrade in karst zone洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone；subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone； subgrade in desert雪害地段路基 subgrade in snow damage zone；subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基 subgrade in debris flow zone 路基横断面 subgrade cross-section路基面 subgrade surface； formation路基面宽度 width of the subgrade surface；formation width路拱 road crown； subgrade crown路肩 Road shoulder； subgrade shoulder路肩高程 formation level； shoulder level 路堤 embankment； fill路堑 cut； road； cutting半堤半堑 part-cut and part-fill section； cut and fill section基床 subgrade bed； formation基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed；formation top layer；surface layer of subgrade基床表层 bottom layer of subgrade； formation base layer； bottom layer of subgrade bed一般路基general subgrade；ordinary subgrade最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade； minimum height of fill临界高度 critical height基底 foundation base； base路堤边坡side slope of embankment；fill slope talus坡脚 toe of side slope护道 berm取土坑 borrow pit路堤填料embankment fill material；embankment filler；filling material of embankment填料分类 classification of filling material 岩块填料 rock block filler； rock filler；rock fill粗粒土填料coarse-grained soil filler；coarse-grained soil fill细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler；fine-grained soil fill压实标准 compacting criteria相对密度 relative density压实系数compacting factor；compacting coefficient最佳含水量 optimum moisture content； best moisture content最佳密度 optimum density； best density核子密度湿度测定 determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承载板测定 determination of bearing slabof subgrade预留沉落量 reserve settlement； settlement allowance反压护道 berm with superloading； berm for back pressure； counter swelling berm石灰砂桩 lime sand pile换土 change soil； soil replacement爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation； silt arresting by explosion；discharge of sedimentation by blasting抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation；packing sedimentation by throwing stones； packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路堑石方爆破 rock cutting blasting； rock blasting in cut定向爆破 directional blasting浅孔爆破 shallow hole blasting深孔爆破 deep hole blasting洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting； chamher blasting扬弃爆破 abandoned blasting； abandonment blasting抛掷爆破 pin-point blasting松动爆破 blasting for loosening rock药壶爆破 pot hole blasting裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting；contact blasting路堑边坡 cutting slope； side slope of cut 堑顶 top of cutting slope； top of cutting 路堑平台platform of cutting；berm in cutting弃土堆 waste bank； bankette； spoil bank 五、防护工程Protection works挡土墙 retaining wall 重力式挡土墙 gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙 balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relieving platform； balanced type retaining wall锚定板挡土墙 anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retaining wall；anchored plate retaining wall加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall； reinforced soil retaining wall锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall；anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods管柱挡墙 cylindrical shaft retaining wall 沉井挡墙 caisson retaining wall抗滑桩anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile护墙 guard wall护坡 slope protection； revetment； pitching 排水沟 weep drain； drainage ditch； drain ditch边沟；侧沟 side ditch天沟 gutter； overhead ditch； intercepting ditch吊沟 suspended ditch跌水 hydraulic drop截水沟 intercepting ditch； catch-drain急流槽 chute排水槽 drainage channel渗水暗沟 blind drain渗水隧洞 leak tunnel； permeable tunnel；drainage tunnel渗井 leaching well； seepage well渗管 leaky pipe平孔排水 horizontal hole drainage反滤层 reverse filtration layer； inverted filter； protective filter检查井 inspection well； manhole砂井；排水砂井 sand drain隔断层 insulating course； insulating layer 透水路堤pervious embankment；permeable embankment渗水路堤 immerseable embankment排水砂垫层sand filled drainage layer；drainage sand blanker坡面防护 slope protection护岸 revetment； shore protection导流堤 diversion dike拦石墙 stone cut off wall； stone falling wall； buttree落石槽 stone falling channel； trough for catching falling rocks柴排firewood raft；mattress；willow fascine固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation挡风墙 wind-break wall防风栅栏 wind break fence砂土液化 sand liquefaction六、桥梁 bridge中-活载CR-live loading；China railway standard loading桥梁标准活载 standard live load for bridge 桥梁荷载谱 bridge load spectrum换算均布活载 equivalent uniform live load 设计荷载 design load主力 principal load恒载 dead load土压力 earth load静水压力 hydrostatic pressure浮力 buoyancy列车活载 live load of train 列车离心力 centrifugal force of train列车冲击力；冲击荷载 impact force of train 冲击系数 ceofficient of impact人行道荷载 sidewalk loading附加力 subsidiary load； secondary load列车制动力 braking force of train列车牵引力 tractive force of train风荷载 wind load列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train流水压力 pressure of water flow冰压力 ice pressure冻胀力 frost heaving force特殊荷载 particular load船只或排筏的撞击力 collision force of ship or raft地震力 seismic force地震烈度 earthquake intensity地震震级 earthquake magnitude施工荷载 constructional loading荷载组合 loading conbination铁路桥 railway bridge公铁两用桥combined bridge；combined highway and railway bridge；combined rail-cum-road bridge跨线桥；立交桥overpass bridge；grade separation bridge； flyover高架桥 viaduct旱桥 dry bridge人行桥 foot bridge； pedestrian bridge圬工桥 masonry bridge钢桥 steel bridge铆接钢桥 riveted steel bridge栓焊钢桥 bolted and welded steel bridge全焊钢桥 all welded steel bridge摩擦结合式高强度螺栓 high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高强度螺栓 torshear type high strength blot螺栓示功扳手 bolt wrench with indicator混凝土桥 concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥 reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥 prestressed concrete bridge 先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder后张法预应力梁 post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge结合梁桥 composite beam bridge低高度梁 shallow girder无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁 girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete；skeleton reinforced concrete girder简支梁桥 simply supported beam bridge连续梁桥 continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥 cantilever beam bridge板桥 slab bridge空心板桥 hollow slab bridge板梁 plate girder工形梁 I-beam箱形梁 box girder槽形梁 trough girder桁架 truss拆装式桁架 demountable truss刚架桥；刚构桥 rigid frame bridge斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥 strutted beam bridge；slant-legged rigid frame bridge 悬板桥；悬带桥 stressed ribbon bridge悬索桥；吊桥 suspension bridge斜拉桥 cable-stayed bridge浮桥pontoon bridge；floating bridge；bateau bridge拱桥 arch bridge固端拱；无铰拱 fixed-end arch双铰拱 two-hinged arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch实腹拱 spandrel-filled arch； solid-spandrel arch空腹拱 open-spandrel arch双曲拱 two-way curved arch； cross-curved arch系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱 tied arch榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥 Langer bridge；flexible arch bridge with rigid tie洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Lohse bridge； rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders尼尔森桥 Nielsen systen bridge尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsen type Lhse bridge； rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders活动桥 movable bridge竖旋桥 bascule bridge平旋桥 swing bridge升降桥 lift bridge正交桥 right bridge斜交桥 skew bridge曲线桥 curved bridge曲梁 curved beam特大桥 super maior bridge大桥 major bridge中桥 medium bridge小桥 minor bridge单线桥 single track bridge双线桥 double track bridge多线桥 multi-track bridge正桥；主桥 main bridge引桥 approach spans上承式桥 deck bridge半穿式桥；中承式half through bridge；midheight deck bridge下承式桥 through bridge双层桥 double-deck bridge永久性桥 permanent bridge临时性桥；便桥 temporary bridge跨径；跨度 span净跨 clear span桥梁全长 overall length of bridge桥下净空 underneath clearance主梁中心距 center to center distance between main girder节间长度 panel length梁高 depth of girder拱度 camber挠度 deflection节间 panel锚跨；锚孔 anchor span悬跨；吊孔 suspended span桥梁上部结构 superstructure腹板 web plate翼缘 flange翼缘板 flange plate弦杆 chord member腹杆 web member斜杆 diagonal member竖杆 vertical member吊杆 suspender hanger 加劲杆 stiffener节点 panel point节点板 gusset plate拼接板 splice plate缀条 lacing bar缀板 stay plate； tie plate侧向水平联结系 lateral bracing横联 sway bracing制动撑架 braking bracing桥门架 portal frame纵梁 stringer横梁 floor beam； transverse beam桥面系 floor system端横梁 end floor beam起重横梁 jacking floor beam梁端缓冲梁 auxiliary girder for controlling angle change应变时效 strain ageing碳当量 carbon equivalent钢丝 steel wire钢丝束 bundled steel wires钢绞线 steel strand钢筋 reinforcement； steel bar箍筋 stirrup纵向钢筋 longitudinal reinforcement弯起钢筋 bent-up bar架立钢筋 erection bar构造钢筋 constructional reinforcement预应力筋 tendon套管 sheath梁腋 haunch拱圈 arch ring拱肋 arch rib拱顶 rach crown拱矢 rise of arch起拱点 springing拱腹 soffit拱腹线 intrados拱背钱 extrados桥塔 bridge tower； pylon索平面 cable plane缆索 cable斜缆 stay cable； inclined cable吊缆 suspension cable索鞍 cable saddle索夹 cable band； cable clamp锚座 socket锚碇 anchorage明桥面 open deck； ballastless deck； open floor桥梁道碴槽 ballast trough道碴桥面 ballasted deck； ballasted floor 桥梁护轨 guard rail of bridge桥梁护木 guard timber of bridge桥枕 bridge tie； bridge sleeper桥上人行道 sidewalk on bridge步行板 foot plank避车台 refuge platform伸缩缝 expansion joint正交异性板 orthotropic plate栏杆 railing； handrail； handrailing泻水孔 drainage opening直结轨道 track fastened directly to steel girders抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件 shear connector支座 bearing固定支座 fixed bearing活动支座 expension bearing； movable bearing 平板支座 plate bearing摇轴芝座 rocker bearing 滚轴支座 roller bearing球面支座 spherical bearing板式橡胶支座 laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座 pot rubber bearing聚四氯乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing； PTFE bearing涡流激振 wortex-excited oscillation弛振 galloping颤振 flutter扰流板 spoiler风嘴 wind fairing桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge浮运架桥法 bridge erection by floating架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching拖拉架设法 launching method赝架式架设法 erection with scaffolding悬臂架设法 catilever erection； erection by protrusion悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction；free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution； free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete预制混凝土构件precast concrete units；precast concrete members活动模架逐跨施工法 segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller桥梁合龙 closure就地贯注法cast-in-place method；cast-in-situ method活动吊篮 travelling cradle顶进法 jack-in method旋转法施工；转体施工 erection by swing method 液压式张拉千斤顶 hydraulic tensioning jack 桥梁下部结构 substructure桥台 abutment重力式桥台 gravity abutment埋置式桥台 buried abutment锚定板式桥台 anchor slab abutmentU形桥台 U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall台身 abutment body前墙 front wall台帽 abutment coping翼墙 wing wall锥体护坡 quadrant revetment； truncated cone banking台后填方 filling behind abutment桥墩 pier空心桥墩 hollow pier实体桥墩 solid pier重力式桥墩 gravity pier柔性桥墩 flexible pier拼装式桥墩 assembly pier； pier constructed with precast units制动墩 braking pier柱式桥墩 column pierV形桥墩 V-shaped pier圆端形桥墩 round-ended pier圆形桥墩 circular pier矩形桥墩 rectangular pier排架式桥墩 pile bent pier墩身 pier body； pier shaft墩帽 pier coping 围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment承台 bearing platform破冰体 ice apron； ice-breaking cutwater；ice guard地基 foundation； foundation soil； subgrade 加固地基improved foundation；improved ground天然地基 natural foundation； natural ground 桥梁基础 bridge foundation扩大基础 spread foundation明挖基础open-cut foundation；open excavation foundation沉井基础 open caisson foundation浮式沉井基础 floating caisson foundation沉井刃脚 cutting edge of open caisson围堰 cofferdam双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation预制钢壳钻孔基础 prefabricated steel shell bored foundation泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空气幕沉井法 air curtain method for sinking caisson沉箱基础 pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础 tubular column foundation桩基础 pile foundation预制桩 precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile；cast-in-situ concrete pile螺旋喷射桩 auger injected pile摩擦桩 friction pile支承桩 bearing pile钻孔桩 bored pile挖孔桩 dug pile钢桩 steel pile钢管桩 steel pipe pile钢板桩 steel sheet pile板桩 sheet pile木桩 timber pile钢筋混凝土桩 reinforced concrete pile砂桩 sand pile挤密砂桩 sand conpaction pile流砂 quick sand； drift sand送桩 pile follower试桩 test pile斜桩 batter pile； raking pile； spur pile 护筒 pile casting重锤夯实法 heavy tamping method灰土换填夯实法mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping灌注水下混凝土underwater concreting；concreting with tremie method导流建筑物 regulating structure丁坝；挑水坝 spur dike顺坝 longitudinal dam河床铺砌 river bed paving码头 wharf排架 bent脚手架 scaffold悬空脚手架 hanging stage； hanging scaffold 七、铁路涵洞 railway culvert涵洞孔径 aperture of culvert管涵 pipe culvert箱涵 box culvert拱涵 arch culvert盖板涵 slab culvert无压力涵洞 inlet unsubmerged culvert压力式涵洞 outlet submerged culvert 半压力式涵洞 inlet submerged culvert明渠 open channel； open ditch； open drain 倒虹吸管 inverted siphon潮汐河流 tidal river淤积 silting； siltation流冰 ice drift铁路轮渡 railway car ferries轮渡站 ferry station轮渡栈桥 ferry trestle bridge渡轮 ferry boat轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道 ferry slip八、铁路隧道 railway tunnel山岭隧道 mountain tunnel越岭隧道 over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道 subway tunne； underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel； shallow burying tunnel深埋隧道 deep tunnel； deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道 single track tunnel双线隧道 double track tunnel多线隧道 multiple track tunnel车站隧道 station tunnel地铁车站 subway station； metro station特长隧道 super long tunnel长隧道 long tunnel中长隧道 medium tunnel短隧道 short tunnel隧道群 tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口 tunne ladit； tunnel opening。
铁路专业英文词汇
铁路专业词汇一、铁路；铁道railway raｉlｒoａd ﻫ铁路线ｒailway line; ｒaiｌroad liｎｅﻫ铁路网 railway netｗｏｒk; ｒａｉlroaｄ neｔｗorｋ铁道科学ｒaｉｌｗaｙｓcience铁路技术 railｗaｙ tｅchnology铁路等级rａｉlway clａssifiｃaｔiｏn ﻫ国有铁路 nａｔioｎal ｒaiｌway； staｔe rａilway ﻫ地方铁路 locaｌ railwaｙ; regionａｌrail ｗaｙ私有铁路 privaｔe raiｌwａy合资铁路ｊoint inｖesｔｍｅnt raiｌwaｙ; joinｔlｙｏwnｅd raiｌwａy ﻫ标准轨铁路 sｔanｄａｒd-ｇage rａｉｌway ﻫ窄轨铁路 naｒro ｗ-gａgｅ raｉlway米轨铁路meter-ｇage railwａｙ宽轨铁路 broad-gａｇe railway单线铁路 siｎgle ｔracｋ railwaｙﻫ双线铁路 double ｔrａck rａｉlway ﻫ多线铁路 muｌtiple track railｗａy ﻫ重载铁路 heａvｙ ha ｕl railway高速铁路 hiｇh speed raｉlｗay电气化铁路；电力铁路 electｒifｉed ｒailway; elecｔrｉc railｗay干线铁路 mａin liｎｅ railway； trunｋｒａiｌway市郊铁路 sｕｂuｒban raｉlwａｙ地下铁道;地铁ｓuｂwａy；ｍeｔｒo; uｎderground raｉlwaｙ工业企业铁路 inｄustrｙ railwａｙﻫ矿山铁路mｉｎe railwａy ﻫ轻轨铁路 liｇhｔrａilwa ｙ； lighｔ rａｉl高架铁路 eｌevａteｄ railｗay ﻫ单轨铁路;独轨铁路 moｎｏrａil；monoｒail raｉlｗay 磁浮铁路ｍagneｔic lｅｖiｔaｔiｏn rａilway; mａglev森林铁路foｒeｓｔ raｉlwaｙ山区铁路 mouｎtａin railwaｙ既有铁路exｉｓtｉｎｇｒaiｌｗaｙ新建铁路ｎewly－bｕｉlt ｒaｉlｗaｙ改建铁路 reｃｏnｓtruｃｔｅｄrailwaｙﻫ运营铁路ｒaiｌｗay in opｅratiｏn; ｏpeｒａｔion； oｐeｒating raiｌway专用铁路 spｅｃial pｕrｐｏse rａilway干线 trunk lｉne； maｉn lｉne ﻫ支线 bｒaｎｃh linｅﻫ铁路专用线 railwａy spｅｃiａl li ｎｅ货运专线raｉlｗay liｎe ｆｏr freiｇht ｔrａffiｃ; fｒeｉｇht speｃiaｌ line; ｆｒeight trａffｉｃ only lｉne客运专线raiｌway line for paｓsenger ｔraｆｆｉｃ；ｐassenｇer speｃｉal line; passenger traffic onｌy lｉne ﻫ客货运混合铁路ｒailwａｙ line for miｘed pａsｓｅnger and ｆreｉｇｈt ｔｒaｆfｉc铁路运营长度;运营里程ｏｐeration lenｇth o ｆ raiｌway; oｐeｒating disｔaｎce；ｒev ｅｎｕｅ lengｔh列车运行图ｔｒain diａgraｍ铁路建筑长度ｃonsｔｒuｃtioｎ lenｇｔh of railｗay ﻫ区间 sｅｃtｉon区段diｓtｒict ﻫ轨距 rａil gage; rail ｇauge ﻫ轮重 wheel load轴重axlｅload ﻫ最大轴重maximuｍａllowable ａｘｌe load ﻫ限制轴重ａxle load limited ﻫ限界 cleａｒance; ｇauge限界图 clｅarance diａgram铁路建筑限界raｉlway cｏnｓｔrｕctｉon ｃlearanｃe; stｒｕｃtuｒe cｌearａnｃe ｆo ｒｒailｗaｙ; rａiｌwａｙ struｃtiｏｎgauｇeﻫ基本建筑限界 fuｎdａｍentaｌ coｎsｔｒuｃtiｏｎcｌearaｎｃe; fundamentａl struｃture gaｕge ﻫ桥梁建筑限界 brｉdｇｅconstｒuctioｎｃlｅａrance; ｂrｉdge s ｔｒuctｕｒe gaugｅﻫ隧道建筑界限 tuｎｎel conｓtructｉon clearａnce; tuｎｎel sｔｒｕcture gauge铁路机车车辆限界 rolling stocｋclearａnce for railwａy; vehiｃle gaｕgｅﻫ机车车辆上部限界ｃlearance lｉmiｔｆｏr ｕｐｐer paｒt ｏf ｒolling stock ﻫ机车车辆下部限界 cｌeaｒａnce liｍｉｔ fｏr lowｅr pａｒｔ of rolｌing ｓtoｃｋ装载限界ｌoaｄｉng clearancｅｌimit; loa ｄing gaｕge ﻫ阔大货物限界clearance liｍｉt for ｆrｅight wｉｔｈ exceｐｔional dim ｅnｓion；ｃｌｅａｒance lｉmit for overs ｉze modiｔies接触网限界 cleaｒance limit for oveｒheａd ｃｏntｒact wire; cleａrancｅ limit ｆor ovｅｒhｅad caｔeｎary ｓysｔｅm； overｈead ｃatｅnarｙｓystem gaｕｇe列车与线路相互作用ｔrａｃk-ｔrain iｎteractiｏn ﻫ轮轨关系wheｅｌ－rａiｌ rｅla ｔｉon; wｈeeｌ-rａil ｉnｔｅractiｏn粘着系数ａｄhesｉon coeffiｃieｎt车轮滑行 wheｅl sliｄing; wheel skid车轮空转 wｈeel slipｐing牵引种类ｋｉnｄs of trａcｔｉｏn；ｃａteg ｏry ｏf tractioｎ牵引方式 mode of traｃtion牵引定数tｏnnage rａting; ｔｏnｎage of ｔraｃtion ﻫ装载系数 lｏading coeffiｃient ﻫ速度 sｐeｅｄ持续速度 continuouｓ speｅｄ限制速度 lｉmiteｄ speed；ｓpeed restric ｔｉoｎﻫ均衡速度balancｉng speeｄ构造速度conｓtruction sｐeed; dｅsign ｓpeｅd ﻫ最高速度 mａxiｍum ｓpeed临界速度 cｒiｔｉcａｌｓpeed ﻫ重载列车ｈｅavy haul tｒain高速列车 higｈ sｐｅeｄ trａiｎﻫ超长超重列车 eｘcepｔiｏｎaｌly ｌong aｎｄ hｅavy ｔｒain列车正面冲突ｔrａiｎ coｌliｓion列车尾追ｔraｉｎｔaｉｌcｏｌlｉsｉｏn ﻫ列车尾部防护 tｒaｉｎ rear ｅnd protｅｃtion ﻫ伸缩运动ｆoｒｅａｎd ａft motion ﻫ蛇行运动ｈuｎtiｎｇ; nosinｇ列车压缩 trａin ｒunninｇ iｎﻫ列车拉伸 tr ａin rｕnning ouｔﻫ列车分离tｒaiｎseparａtioｎﻫ列车颠覆ｔｒaｉn ovｅrturni ｎg ﻫ列车动力学 trａｉｎ dynamｉcｓﻫ列车空气动力学tｒain aｅrodynａmics机车车辆振动 vｉｂration of ｒolling stoｃk ﻫ纵向振动 lｏnｇituｄinａｌ vibration ﻫ横向振动 lateral ｖiｂrａtｉｏn ﻫ垂向振动ｖertiｃａl vibration ﻫ摆滚振动 rｏck－roll vｉｂration浮沉振动 bouncing; ｖibratioｎ测滚振动 rolｌing ; vibｒation测摆振动ｓwayｉnｇ; vibrａtioｎ点头振动 pｉtching; noｄｄing ﻫ摇头振动ｙawｉng; ｈunｔing机车车辆共振 resoｎancｅ of rollｉng ｓtock 机车车辆冲击 impaｃt ｏf rolling ﻫ纵向冲击ｌongiｔuｄiｎal impact横向冲击 lａteral imｐact垂向冲击 veｒtｉｃal iｍｐaｃt ﻫ货运站综合作业自动化 aｕtomation of synthetic oｐｅraｔiｏｎｓ aｔ fｒｅｉgｈｔｓｔａｔion行车指挥自动化 autｏｍaｔｉｏn of trａffiｃｃｏntrol ﻫ编组场综合作业自动化ａutomatｉoｎ of synthetic ｏpeｒatｉons iｎ marsｈalling yaｒd铁路运营信息系统 raｉlway ｏpｅraｔｉon i ｎfoｒmａｔion systeｍﻫ铁路数据交换系统raiｌｗay data exｃhａngｅｓysｔem运营系统模拟simulation of ｏpeｒaｔiｏn systeｍ铁路法railway law铁道法规ｒailway aｃt ﻫ铁路条例 railｗay ｃｏde铁路技术管理规程reｇulatｉons ｏｆｒailway tｅchniｃal ｏperatioｎ综合运输 prehenｓive ｔrａｎsport; multｉ-ｍode ｔranｓpｏrｔ； interｍode trａnｓpo ｒt ﻫ国际铁路联运intｅrnａtiｏｎaｌrailway thrｏugh ｔrafｆｉc大陆桥;洲际铁路ｔraｎscｏnｔｉnental raiｌway; ｉnｔercontinental rａilway； land-rａilｗaｙ国际联运协定 agreeｍent of internａtioｎal ｔhｒoｕgｈｔraffic ﻫ国际联运议定书prｏtocol oｆｉnternatｉonal thｒｏuｇh traffic ﻫ国际铁路联运公约 conｖenｔion of interｎational railwaｙ tｈrｏuｇh traｆfic二、铁路新线建设nｅｗly-built rａilway ｃoｎstrｕctioｎ铁路技术改造ｔecｈnical ｒefoｒm of ｒaiｌway; tｅｃhnical rｅｎovatiｏn of ｒaiｌway；ｂetterment and impｒovemeｎt of ra ｉlway ﻫ铁路主要技术条件 main tｅcｈnical stanｄard of railway; main tｅｃhincａl requｉｒｅmeｎｔ oｆ railway单位工程 uniｔprojecｔﻫ分部工程 part ｐｒoject ﻫ分项工程itｅｍ projeｃｔ预可行性研究 pre-fｅａsｉｂiliｔy stｕｄy 项目建议书proposｅd taｓk of prｏｊect 可行性研究 feasibｉlity ｓtudy ﻫ设计阶段design phase； desｉgｎ sｔage ﻫ三阶段设计ｔｈrｅe-stｅp ｄesiｇn; thｒｅe-phase deｓｉgn ﻫ两阶段设计twｏ-step desｉgｎ; twｏ-phasｅdesignﻫ一阶段设计onｅ－steｐdesigｎ; ｏｎｅ-phaｓｅ desｉｇｎ初步设计 prelｉmｉnaｒy desｉｇn ﻫ技术设计 t ｅcｈnicaｌｄesiｇn ﻫ扩大初步设计ｅnlarged prｅliminary desiｇn; expandｅd ｐreｌiｍｉnary designﻫ施工图设计construction ｄetail desｉｇn； woｒkiｎg-drawｉng ｄesign变更设计 altｅred desｉgn设计概算 appoｒximａｔe estimate of dｅs ｉgn; ｂudｇeｔary eｓtimate ｏf desigｎﻫ个别概算ｉndivｉduaｌａpprｏｘimate eｓt ｉmａtｅ综合概算 prehｅnsive appｒoｘｉmaｔｅ esｔi ｍate ﻫ总概算sｕm ｏｆ aｐproximate ｅsti ｍate; total estｉｍatｅ；sｕｍmａry ｅstimate修正总概算ａmｅｎdｅd sum oｆ approximate estimate; revised general eｓtimａtｅﻫ调整总概算 adｊusｔed sum of aｐproｘimatｅ eｓtiｍate ﻫ投资检算ｃheｃｋｉnｇｏf ｉnv ｅstmｅnｔﻫ预算定额 raｔing oｆｂudｇet；raｔinｇ forｍfor budｇeｔﻫ概算定额ｒaｔiｎg of apｐrｏxｉmaｔe estｉmatｅ； ra ｔiｎg forｍ for eｓtiｍaｔe投资估算 invesｔmeｎｔestimate ﻫ估算指标indｅx ｏf eｓｔimate机械台班定额 ratｉng per macｈinｅ per team; ratｉng ｐｅr ｍachine-ｔeam工程直接费 dｉｒｅcｔ expense of pｒoject; direｃｔｃｏsｔｏf proｊect ﻫ工程间接费iｎdiｒｅｃt exｐｅｎse of pｒoｊeｃt; ｉndirect cost oｆpｒojecｔﻫ工程预备费reservｅ fund of project ﻫ设计鉴定 cｅrｔifi ｃａｔiｏn of deｓign; ａppraｉsal of desig ｎ竣工决算final ａccouｎts of pleted ｐrｏjecｔﻫ铁路用地 rｉgｈt-of－waｙﻫ铁路勘测rａilwaｙ recoｎｎaisｓance ﻫ调查测绘 sｕrvｅy and draｗing of invｅstｉgaｔiｏn；invｅsｔigａtion survey; iｎｖｅsｔigation sｕrｖeyｉｎｇａｎd sｋetchingﻫ地形调查 t ｏpogｒａphic sｕｒvｅy ﻫ地貌调查 topograp ｈiｃ feａture survｅy; geｏmｏrphologic s ｕrvｅy地质调查 geolｏｇiｃsuｒvey经济调查 ecoｎomiｃ iｎvesｔｉgａtiｏn; econｏmic ｓuｒveｙ水文地质调查ｈydｒogeｏlogic ｓｕrｖeｙﻫ土石成分调查 sｕrｖeｙ oｆ sｏil and roｃk posiｔｉon土石物理力学性质 phyｓiｃal aｎd mｅchaｎｉｃaｌｐropertｉes of soil and rock土石分类ｃlaｓsｉfｉcatｉoｎｏf sｏil a ｎｄｒｏck地基承载力ｂｅaｒｉng ｃapaｃiｔy of founｄation；ｂeaｒiｎｇ capａcity of grｏund；beａｒinｇ of ｓuｂgｒade隧道围岩分级 clasｓiｆicatioｎｏf tunneｌsurroundinｇ rock ﻫ地质图测绘 suｒvey ａｎd ｄrａｗing ｏf gｅolｏgicａl ｍap; ｓuｒveyinｇ and sｋetchinｇｏf ｇeologiｃａl map勘探eｘploration;prospecting ﻫ挖探excavatｉon prospｅｃting钻探bｏring; exｐlｏratiｏn ｄｒilling物探 geｏphysicaｌ proｓpeｃting ﻫ室内测试iｎdｏor teｓt; ｌaboraｔory ｔｅsｔ原位测试 iｎ sitｕtest ﻫ静力触探static souｎｄiｎｇ； static probing; cone penｅｔratｉoｎ teｓｔ动力触探试验dｙnamｉc ｐenｅtrａtion test标准贯入试验 staｎｄａrd penｅtrａtｉon te ｓt ﻫ区域地质regiｏｎal ｇeｏｌogy工程地质 engiｎeｅrｉnｇgｅoloｇｙﻫ不良地质 unfavｏrabｌe geology特殊地质 sｐecial geology ﻫ工程地质条件ｅnｇineerｉnｇｇｅologｉc; ｒequiｒemen ｔ；enginｅeｒing geoloｇiｃｃondｉtｉon ﻫ气象资料 mｅteｏrolｏgical ｄatａ冻结深度ｆreezing ｄｅpth地震基本烈度 bａsic iｎtｅnｓiｔy of eａrt ｈquａｋｅ；ｓeismic basic intensitｙ工程地质图 engineｅrｉng ｇeoｌｏgicａｌmap ﻫ地层柱状图 column diaｇrａm oｆ strat ｕm; graphｉc lｏｇs ｏf stｒatａ；ｄrｉll ｌog of strａｔum ﻫ洪水调查ｆlooｄsu ｒvｅy河道调查 rｉvｅr course survey冰凌调查 iｃe flｏe surｖey； fraｚｉl iｃｅ suｒveｙ汇水区流域特征调查ｓuｒvｅｙ of cａｔchment bａsｉn chａraｃｔerｉstics水文断面hydrologic ｓeｃtｉonal ｄｒａwing；ｄydrｏlｏgic section; hyｄrｏlogｉc cross-ｓeｃｔion ﻫ主河槽ｍａiｎriver channel ﻫ设计流速ｄｅsｉgn current velocity ﻫ设计高程；设计标高 design elevatiｏn ﻫ河流比降ｓlopｅｏf rｉvｅr; parａｂle horiz ｏn oｆriｖer历史洪水位 histｏric flｏoｄleｖel ﻫ最高水位hiｇheｓｔwateｒｌevel; ＨＷL ﻫ通航水位nａvigａtion wateｒ lｅvel; NWL桥涵水文 hydrology ｏf bｒidgｅ and ｃulvｅrt ﻫ水利半径hydrａｕlｉc rａdiuｓ桥前壅水高度 backwater height in ｆrｏnt of bｒｉdge; top ｗatｅr leｖｅｌｉｎｆrｏnt of bｒidge ﻫ桥渡勘测设计 surｖeｙ aｎd design ｏf bridge crosｓing水面坡度 slopｅ oｆｗａter suｒface水文测量ｈyｄrｏlogical surｖey ﻫ泥石流流域ｃatｃhment basin of ｄebriｓ fｌｏw分水岭waterｓhed; diｖｉdinｇ rｉdge汇水面积ｃaｔcｈment ａrea; water cｏllｅcting aｒｅa; draｉnage ａrｅa ﻫ洪水频率flooｄ frequency设计流量ｄeｓign ｄischaｒge设计水位dｅsiｇn wａteｒlevel ﻫ施工水位 cｏｎsｔrｕctiｏn leveｌ; constrｕctiｏｎｗater level; working wａtｅr level设计洪水过程线ｄesigned fｌｏod ｈydro ｇrａｐｈ容许冲刷allｏwable scour ﻫ一般冲刷gener ａｌ scour ﻫ局部冲刷 loｃal scｏur; ｐartial scｏur三、铁路测量 raｉlway surveｙﻫ线路踏勘;草测 routｅ reｃonnaissance ﻫ初测 prｅlimｉnaｒy surｖeｙ定测 locatioｎsurveｙ; ａlignｍent; fｉnal locatｉon survey导线测量 traｖｅrsｉng; ｔraversｅｓurｖey ﻫ光电导线 photoelectric traｖｅrｓe ﻫ地形测量 topograｐhical suｒvｅｙﻫ横断面测量cross leｖｅｌing; crosｓ-seｃtion ｓurｖey; cross-sｅｃtiｏn ｌｅvelinｇ线路测量 rouｔｅｓuｒvey; pｒo；ｌoｎgｉt ｕdinal survey ﻫ既有线测量;旧线测量 sｕrvey ｏf exiｓting raｉlway ﻫ线路复测 rｅpetiｔion sｕrｖey of eｘiｓｔｉng raiｌwａy; resurvey of exiｓtｉｎg railｗａｙ测量精度surｖey precision; prｅcｉsion ｏｆｓurveｙﻫ均方差；中误差 mean ｓquａｒe eｒｒｏr最大误差；极限误差ｍaｘimuｍ error; limｉtｉng ｅrror中线测量cｅｎｔeｒ line suｒvey ﻫ中线桩ｃentｅr lｉｎe ｓｔakｅﻫ加桩ａddiｔional ｓｔake; plus stａke外移桩 sｈifｔ out stａke； stakｅ oｕtward; oｆfｓeｔｓtａke水准点高程测量benｃh mark leveｌiｎg ﻫ中桩高程测量；中平 center staｋｅleｖｅlin ｇﻫ曲线控制点curve coｎtｒｏl pｏint 放线 setting-oｕｔｏf rouｔe; lay out ｏf rｏute交点interｓectioｎ point副交点 auxiｌiaｒy inｔersectｉｏｎ poinｔ转向角 deflｅcｔｉon angｌe ﻫ分转向角 aｕｘiliary ｄeflecｔｉon aｎgｌe坐标方位角 plaｎｅ－coorｄinate azｉmｕt ｈﻫ象限角 quａdrantal angle经纬距 plaｎe rectanｇｕlar coordinate断链 brｏkeｎ chaｉｎ投影断链ｐroｊectiｏｎ oｆ brokｅn chain ﻫ断高ｂroken ｈeight ﻫ铁路航空摄影测量;铁路航测 railｗay ａeriａl ｐhotｏgraｍmｅtry铁路航空勘测 rａilway aｅrial survｅying 航带设计 flｉgｈt ｓtriｐ dｅsiｇn; desiｇn of flｉght sｔｒｉｐ铁路工程地质遥感rｅmote sensing oｆ raｉｌwａy engineeriｎg geｏlｏgy测段 segment ｏf survey ﻫ航测选线ａeｒiａｌ surveｙｉng ａｌignmenｔ航测外控点 fｉeld coｎtrｏｌ point of aeｒｏｐhoｔoｇrammｅｔry全球定位系统ｇlobaｌ posiｔioniｎｇ syst ｅm; GPS像片索引图ｉｎdex of ｐhｏtoｇraｐhy ﻫ三角测量tｒigｏnometｒｉｃ survｅy; triａn ｇuｌatｉｏn精密导线测量prｅcisｅｔｒaversｅsuｒvey; accｕｒａｔe travｅrse ｓurvey三角高程测量ｔrigｏnoｍetric lｅvｅling ﻫ隧道洞外控制测量 ouｔsｉｄｅ tunｎｅｌ cｏｎｔrol survey隧道洞内控制测量 in tｕnnｅl controｌ surv ｅy; thrｏuｇh surｖｅy ﻫ隧道洞口投点hｏｒiｚontal poinｔ oｆ tunｎeｌ portaｌ；ｇeodetic contrｏｌ point of porｔａl lｏc ａｔion oｆ adiｔ桥轴线测量 survｅy of bridge axis铁路选线 raｉlｗａy locaｔion； approximat ｅ railwａy ｌｏcatiｏn；locatiｏn of railwaｙｒoute selectiｏn平原地区选线location ｉｎ plaiｎregion; plain locatｉoｎ越岭选线 lｏｃａtion of mountain liｎe； lo ｃatiｏn of linｅ iｎ mｏｕntａin ｒeｇi ｏn; lｏcation ovｅr moｕｎtain山区河谷选线 mountain aｎd valley ｒｅgioｎlｏcation; ｌoｃation of line oｆ in ｍoｕｎtａｉn and ｖaｌlｅy regiｏｎﻫ丘陵地段选线 hilｌy land ｌoｃatｉｏn; locaｔion ｏf line oｎ hiｌｌy ｌand工程地质选线ｅnginｅerinｇｇeｏligｉc loｃation of liｎｅ线间距dｉstａnce betwｅen centerｓof tracks; ｍiｄｗay bｅtween tracｋs车站分布 dｉｓtriｂution of stａtｉons ﻫ方案比选 schｅme paｒiｓon； roｕte aｌtｅrnativｅﻫ投资回收期 reｐａymｅnt pｅｒｉｏd of capital ｃosｔ纸上定线 papeｒｌocatioｎoｆ liｎe缓坡地段 section ｏf eaｓy graｄe; ｓectiｏn oｆｇentｌe ｓｌope ﻫ紧坡地段secｔion oｆ sufｆｉciｅnt ｇrａde ﻫ非紧坡地段sｅctiｏn oｆunsuｆｆiciｅnt gｒade; sectｉｏn fo ｉnsufｆｉcｉenｔ gｒａde ﻫ导向线leadｉng lｉne； alｉgnmenｔguidｉng ｌine 拔起高度;克服高度 hｅｉgｈt of lifｔing; li ｆting height; asｃｅｎt of elevaｔiｏn横断面选线 cross－sｅction method of raｉl ｗaｙ lｏcatiｏn； locatｉon wiｔh cｒoｓｓ-sectｉon ｍethod; ｃrosｓ-ｓectioｎ me ｔｈｏｄ fｏr locaｔion oｆlinｅ展线 eｘtｅnsion of liｎe; devｅｌopｍeｎt oｆｌine; line develoｐｍent展线系数coeffiｃiｅnt oｆ eｘteｎsiｏn liｎe; coｅffiｃient oｆ develｏpmｅｎt ｌine ﻫ套线 overlaｐpinｇｌiｎe线路平面图 tｒａｃk plan；liｎｅ pｌaｎ线路纵断面图 track pｒofｉｌe; liｎｅｐrofiｌｅ站坪长度 length ｏｆｓtation siｔe ﻫ站坪坡度ｇrａｄe of stａtion ｓite控制区间 contｒoｌ sｅctiｏn; conｔrｏllｉng sｅcｔｉoｎﻫ最小曲线半径minｉｍuｍradｉｕｓ of ｃｕrｖe圆曲线cｉrｃulaｒ curve单曲线simple cuｒveﻫ缓与曲线tｒａnsition curve; easeｍｅnt cｕrve； spirａｌ tranｓｉｔion cｕrve ﻫ缓与曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature； raｔe of tｒａnsition curve ﻫ复曲线 poｕnd ｃurve同向曲线 cｕｒves of sａｍｅ sensｅ; ａdｊacｅnt curveｓｉn one direcｔion反向曲线ｒｅvｅｒse curvｅ; curve ｏf ｏppositｅｓensｅﻫ夹直线 intｅrmediate ｓｔraiｇhｔｌiｎe; tangｅｎｔ beｔween cｕｒｖes坡度 grａde; graｄｉent; slope人字坡doｕblｅspur grade限制坡度ｒuling grade; ｌimｉｔing gradｅﻫ加力牵引坡度ｐｕsｈｅr grade; assistiｎg gradｅ最大坡度 maximum grａｄe临界坡度 crｉtｉｃal grａｄe长大坡度ｌonｇｓtｅeｐｇraｄe; lｏng ｈｅavy gｒaｄe动力坡度moｍentuｍ gradｅ均衡坡度ｂａlanced ｇrade ﻫ有害地段ｈarmfuｌｄｉstriｃt无害地段ｈarｍlｅｓｓ distｒict ﻫ变坡点poinｔ of ｇｒａdient chａnge; breakｅin gradｅ坡段 gｒade sｅｃtioｎﻫ坡段长度 lｅngｔｈof ｇｒａdｅ section坡度差 alｇeｂrａｉc dｉfｆｅrｅncｅ bｅtｗeen ａdjacenｔ gｒａdients竖曲线 vｅrtiｃａｌｃurｖe分坡平段 levｅｌsｔretch bｅtｗｅen opｐｏsiｔe sign ｇraｄiｅnt ﻫ缓与坡度slight graｄe; fｌat grade; easy graｄｅﻫ起动缓坡ｆｌat grａｄient for ｓtaｒting ﻫ加速缓坡ｅａsy graｄieｎt foｒａcｃｅlｅratioｎ； acｃelｅratｉng ｇradｅ坡度折减pｅnsatｉon of gradiｅnt; gｒaｄｉent pensation; gｒadｅｐensａtioｎﻫ曲线折减pensａtion oｆｃurve; curve peｓａtion隧道坡度折减ｐensation ｏf gradient ｉn tunnｅl；ｐensａｔioｎ grａdｅ in tunnel 绕行地段deｔoｕring secｔion; round ｓeｃtｉon ﻫ换侧;换边chaｎge side ｏf ｄoｕbl ｅｌine ﻫ容许应力设计法 allowaｂlｅsｔｒeｓs dｅsigｎ meｔhｏｄ破损阶段设计法 pｌaｓｔic sｔage dｅsｉｇn methoｄﻫ极限状态设计法ｌｉmit ｓtate design method ﻫ概率极限状态设计法;可靠度设计法probａbilｉsａtｉc lｉｍit ｓｔate deｓign mｅthod地震系数法sｅiｓmiｃcｏefficｉeｎt methoｄ四、路基 subｇrade;rｏａd bed; foｒｍation sｕbｇraｄｅ岩石路基 rock subgrade ﻫ渗水土路基ｐermeａb ｌe ｓｏil subｇrａde; ｐervｉous embank ｍent ﻫ非渗水土路基ｎon-perｍeabｌe ｓｏil ｓｕbgrade; iｍpervious embａnkmｅnt特殊土路基ｓuｂｇｒade of sｐeciaｌsｏil 软土地区路基 subgrade iｎ sofｔsoｉｌ zｏｎｅ; subｇrade iｎｓoft; clay rｅｇion ﻫ泥沼地区路基ｓｕbgraｄｅ in bog ｚｏｎｅ；suｂgrade ｉｎｍoraｓs ｒegion; suｂgr ａｄe ｉn ｓwampｌａnｄ膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基 suｂgｒａdｅin sweｌlinｇsoil zone; ｓｕbgraｄe in expansiｖe soｉl ｒeｇion盐渍土地区路基ｓubgｒaｄe in saｌty ｓoil zone; subｇｒadｅ in sａline soｉｌregiｏn多年冻土路基 subgｒade iｎｐｅｒｍaｆｒo ｓｔ soil ｚoｎe ﻫ特殊条件下得路基subgｒade ｕndeｒｓｐecial coｎdiｔｉon河滩路堤 emｂanｋment on plaｉn rｉvｅr bｅaｃh ﻫ滨河路堤 embａnkmeｎt on rivｅr baｎｋ水库路基ｓuｂgｒade in ｒeｓervoir; embａnkｍenｔｃrossinｇ reservoir ﻫ崩塌地段路基subgrade iｎｒock falｌdistｒiｃt; su ｂgｒaｄｅin collapse ｚｏne岩堆地段路基ｓubgｒａdｅ in rocｋ dｅpoｓit zone; suｂgradｅin talus zoｎe; sｕbgrａdｅiｎｓcｒｅe ｚonｅ滑坡地段路基ｓubｇｒaｄe in slidｅﻫ岩溶地段路基;喀斯特地段路基 suｂｇrａde in karst zｏne洞穴地段路基subｇrade in cavｉty ｚone；subgrａde in caｖｅｒn zoｎe风沙地段路基 subｇｒade iｎ winｄy and ｓa ｎdy zｏne； sｕbgrａdｅｉn desert雪害地段路基 subgrade iｎ sｎow ｄamage z ｏne; ｓｕｂgrade iｎsnow ｄiｓaｓter zone泥石流地段路基ｓubgrade in ｄebrｉs ｆlｏw zｏｎe ﻫ路基横断面 subgｒａde crosｓ-ｓection路基面 suｂgrade sｕrfacｅ; ｆoｒmaｔion 路基面宽度 widｔｈ oｆ thｅｓuｂgraｄe ｓｕrface; formatｉｏｎwｉdth ﻫ路拱roaｄ c ｒｏwn; subgｒaｄe crown路肩Ｒoad shoｕlｄer； sｕbgrａde shｏuld ｅr路肩高程 formation level; shouｌdeｒ leｖe ｌﻫ路堤ｅｍｂankmeｎt; fill ﻫ路堑 cuｔ; roaｄ; cｕttｉｎg半堤半堑 part－cｕt ａｎd ｐaｒt-fiｌl ｓectiｏn; cut and fｉll section ﻫ基床subgrade beｄ；formａtiｏn ﻫ基床表层ｓurfａｃｅｌayｅr of subgradｅ beｄ; fｏrm ａｔiｏｎtoｐｌaｙer; surｆace ｌaｙer ｏf ｓubｇrａde基床表层 boｔtom laｙer of subgrａdｅ; f ｏrmation base layｅr; boｔtom layeｒｏｆsubｇｒade beｄ一般路基ｇｅnｅｒal ｓｕbgｒade; oｒｄｉｎａｒy subgraｄe ﻫ最小填筑高度mｉnimuｍｆｉll heｉｇht of sｕｂgrade; miｎimuｍｈｅight of fill ﻫ临界高度 criticaｌｈeｉg ｈｔ基底 foundation ｂaｓe； base ﻫ路堤边坡s ｉｄe slｏpe ｏf eｍbanｋmenｔ; fill slｏpe talus ﻫ坡脚ｔｏe ｏf side slope护道berm ﻫ取土坑borｒow pit路堤填料 embankmeｎｔ filｌ material; ｅmbanｋment ｆｉｌler; fiｌｌｉｎg mａtｅri ａｌｏf embａｎｋmeｎｔﻫ填料分类 claｓｓiｆication of ｆｉlling ｍaterｉal ﻫ岩块填料 rock blocｋ filler; ｒｏck filler；rocｋ fiｌl ﻫ粗粒土填料 coaｒse-grａiｎeｄsｏil fiｌler； cｏarｓe-grained ｓｏiｌ fi ｌl细粒土填料 fｉne-ｇraineｄｓoｉl fｉller; fｉne-graiｎeｄ soｉl fiｌｌﻫ压实标准 pａｃting ｃriｔeria相对密度 relａtive ｄeｎsity ﻫ压实系数 pact ｉｎg factｏr; paｃｔｉnｇ coefficiｅnt ﻫ最佳含水量 optimum moｉｓｔuｒe cｏｎtent；bｅst mｏistuｒｅ coｎtent最佳密度optimｕm dｅｎsity;beｓt density核子密度湿度测定 deterｍｉnatioｎof ｎuclear deｎsity－mｏiｓture ﻫ路基承载板测定 determiｎatioｎ oｆbｅarinｇ sｌab oｆsubｇraｄe预留沉落量reseｒveｓｅttlemｅｎt; ｓettlement ａｌｌoｗａnce ﻫ反压护道 berm wit ｈｓupｅｒloａdｉng; bｅｒm for bａck ｐｒｅssure; cｏｕntｅr swelliｎg berｍﻫ石灰砂桩 lime ｓaｎｄpile ﻫ换土cｈangｅ sｏil； soｉl rｅplacement爆破排淤blａsｔing ｄｉsｃharginｇｓｅdimｅｎtatｉoｎ; silt aｒreｓtiｎｇｂｙexplosiｏｎ; disｃｈargｅｏf sediｍｅntat ｉｏn bｙｂlasting ﻫ抛石挤淤 throwinｇstones ｔo paｃkｉng sｅdiｍeｎtatiｏn; packing sｅdｉｍeｎtaｔｉｏn ｂy ｔhrｏｗiｎg ｓtoｎｅs; ｐacｋｉng up seｄimｅｎtatｉon ｂy dｕmpiｎg ｓtones路堑石方爆破 rｏck cuｔtinｇ blａstinｇ; r ｏck blaｓtinｇｉn cut ﻫ定向爆破directionａl blasting ﻫ浅孔爆破 shallow hoｌe bｌasting ﻫ深孔爆破 deep hoｌｅｂｌastiｎg洞室药包爆破 chａmｂeｒ eｘpｌosiｖｅｐa ｃｋａgｅｂlastinｇ; chamher ｂlastｉｎg 扬弃爆破abａｎdoned bｌasｔｉｎg; aｂandonment blaｓting ﻫ抛掷爆破piｎ-point blasting ﻫ松动爆破ｂlasting for loosening ｒｏcｋ药壶爆破pot hｏlｅ blaｓtｉng裸露腰包爆破 adobe bｌａstiｎg; cｏntact blastｉnｇ路堑边坡 cｕｔtiｎg slopｅ; sidｅ slope of c ｕｔﻫ堑顶 tｏp ｏf cuttiｎg sloｐe； top of cutting路堑平台 plaｔfｏｒm ｏf cｕtｔｉｎg; bｅrm in cutｔｉnｇ弃土堆 wａste bａnk; ｂanｋｅtte；ｓpoiｌbank ﻫ五、防护工程Ｐｒｏtｅction works挡土墙 retaｉnｉng ｗaｌl重力式挡土墙 graviｔy retａinｉnｇｗall 衡重式挡土墙 balance weighｔ rｅｔainｉng walｌ; ｇravｉｔy retａｉning wａll wiｔh relieｖing ｐlａｔforｍ; balａｎｃｅd ｔyp ｅretainｉng waｌｌﻫ锚定板挡土墙 anchｏｒed retａiniｎg wall bｙ tie rｏｄｓ; a ｎchored bulkhead rｅtａiniｎg ｗaｌｌ; ａnchored plate rｅｔａｉniｎｇ walｌﻫ加筋土挡土墙 reinforｃｅd earth ｒeｔaｉning wａl ｌ; reinｆoｒｃed sｏil retainiｎg ｗall 锚杆挡墙 ancｈoｒed bolｔｒetaiｎiｎｇwall; ａnchoragｅd ｒetａｉnｉnｇ wall by tiｅ rods管柱挡墙 cylindricaｌｓhaft reｔaining wａlｌ沉井挡墙 cａｉsson ｒｅｔaiｎing waｌl抗滑桩 anti-sliｄe pile; coｕnter－slｉdｉｎg pilｅﻫ护墙guard ｗall ﻫ护坡 slｏｐe protｅctiｏn; ｒeｖetｍent; pｉtching排水沟weep dｒaiｎ; drainaｇｅ dｉtch; ｄｒain ditch ﻫ边沟;侧沟side dｉtch ﻫ天沟gutter; oｖerhead dｉtch; ｉntercepｔｉｎg ditch吊沟 suｓpｅndeｄ ditch跌水 hｙdraulic ｄrop ﻫ截水沟 intercｅptin ｇ ditcｈ；ｃａtch－draｉn ﻫ急流槽chute 排水槽ｄrａinａge ｃhannel ﻫ渗水暗沟bl ｉnd ｄrａｉｎ渗水隧洞ｌeak tｕｎneｌ;permｅａble tunneｌ; ｄｒａｉnage tunnｅｌﻫ渗井leac ｈinｇ welｌ; sｅepａｇe weｌｌ渗管 leaky ｐｉpe平孔排水 hｏrizｏｎtal hｏle drainagｅ反滤层 rｅveｒse fｉltraｔion laｙer; inv ｅｒted fｉｌtｅr；ｐrotｅctiｖe fiｌtｅr 检查井 iｎspection wｅｌl； manhｏle砂井；排水砂井ｓand drain ﻫ隔断层 inｓｕl ａtｉng courｓe；insｕｌaｔing layer透水路堤ｐｅｒvioｕｓｅmbanｋｍent; permeaｂle eｍｂaｎkmeｎｔ渗水路堤ｉmmeｒseａｂle eｍbankmeｎt ﻫ排水砂垫层 sａnd filled drainａgｅ layer；drainaｇe saｎd blａnkｅr ﻫ坡面防护ｓlop ｅ pｒoteｃtion护岸rｅvetｍｅnt; sｈｏre prｏｔecｔion ﻫ导流堤dｉversiｏｎｄike拦石墙 stｏｎｅ cｕt oｆｆ waｌｌ; stone falling ｗall; ｂutｔｒｅe ﻫ落石槽ｓtone fa ｌling channｅl; tｒoｕｇh foｒ catcｈing ｆalｌing ｒocks ﻫ柴排firｅwooｄ raft; maｔtress; wiｌloｗfascｉneﻫ固沙造林stabiliｚation for ｓandｓ by ａffｏｒｅs ｔaｔion ﻫ挡风墙 wind-breaｋ wall ﻫ防风栅栏ｗiｎｄ breａk fence砂土液化 sａnd liｑuefacｔion六、桥梁 bridge中-活载CR-ｌive ｌoａｄiｎｇ; Ｃhinａ r ａilwaｙ stａnｄaｒｄ loadｉnｇﻫ桥梁标准活载ｓtaｎdard live loaｄ for bｒidｇｅ桥梁荷载谱 bridge loａd speｃtrum ﻫ换算均布活载ｅquivａｌeｎt unｉforｍ live loａd ﻫ设计荷载 deｓiｇn lｏａd ﻫ主力ｐrｉｎciｐａl loａｄ恒载 dead loaｄ土压力earth ｌoad ﻫ静水压力hydｒｏｓtatic pressurｅ浮力 bｕoyanｃy列车活载 live ｌoad of ｔrａin列车离心力ceｎtrifugaｌ fｏrce oｆ trａin ﻫ列车冲击力；冲击荷载 impａct ｆoｒcｅｏｆｔrain ﻫ冲击系数ｃeoffｉｃiｅｎt ｏf imp ａｃt人行道荷载 siｄewalk loａｄｉng附加力 subsidiary load; ｓeｃondａry lｏaｄ列车制动力brakinｇ foｒｃe of tｒain ﻫ列车牵引力tractivｅfｏrce oｆｔｒain风荷载ｗｉnd load 列车横向摇摆力latｅraｌ sｗayｉng ｆoｒｃe of trａiｎﻫ流水压力pressure of waｔer ｆlow冰压力 ice pｒｅｓsurｅ冻胀力ｆroｓt heavｉng forｃe ﻫ特殊荷载particｕlar load船只或排筏得撞击力collisｉon foｒce ｏf shiｐｏr raｆt ﻫ地震力seiｓｍic force 地震烈度ｅａｒthquａkｅ inｔensitｙ地震震级 eartｈｑuａｋe ｍａgnitｕｄe ﻫ施工荷载conｓtrｕｃtｉｏnaｌ loadｉnｇﻫ荷载组合 lｏadinｇconｂｉｎatｉon铁路桥 railｗay brｉdgｅ公铁两用桥 bined briｄgｅ； biｎed highwａy ａnｄraiｌwａｙ bridｇe; bｉｎed rａｉl-c ｕm-roａd briｄge跨线桥;立交桥ｏvｅｒpａｓｓ bridgｅ; grａde separａtion briｄｇe；ｆｌyover ﻫ高架桥vｉａdｕcｔ旱桥 dry ｂrｉdge ﻫ人行桥fｏｏt briｄge; pedestrian brｉdｇe ﻫ圬工桥ｍａsoｎry bri ｄge ﻫ钢桥steel ｂｒｉdｇeﻫ铆接钢桥rivetｅd sｔeeｌｂｒidge ﻫ栓焊钢桥bolted and welｄｅd sｔｅel bridge ﻫ全焊钢桥 alｌwｅlded ｓteel bridge ﻫ摩擦结合式高强度螺栓ｈｉgｈ strｅngｔh ｆriｃtｉo ｎｇriｐ bolｔﻫ扭剪式高强度螺栓ｔorsｈe ａr tyｐｅ high strength bloｔﻫ螺栓示功扳手ｂoｌt wｒeｎch wｉth indｉcator混凝土桥ｃoｎcｒｅｔｅ bridｇe钢筋混凝土桥ｒeｉｎfoｒｃｅｄ concrｅte briｄge ﻫ预应力混凝土桥 prｅsｔressed conc ｒeｔe bridge ﻫ先张法预应力梁 pretenｓiｏｎｅd prestresseｄcｏｎｃrｅte ｇirｄer后张法预应力梁 poｓt-tensｉｏned presｔrｅｓsed conｃrete girdeｒﻫ部分预应力混凝土桥ｐartiallｙprｅｓｔressed concｒetｅbridge结合梁桥ｐosｉte beam bridｇe低高度梁 sｈallow gｉrdｅｒﻫ无碴无枕梁 gｉｒdｅr withoｕt bａlｌast ａｎd ｓｌeepｅr ﻫ型钢混凝土梁;劲性骨架混凝土梁 giｒｄer wｉtｈ rolleｄ steeｌsecｔioｎ encａseｄ in coｎcretｅ; ｓkelｅtｏｎｒeｉnfｏrced concｒete gｉｒｄｅｒ简支梁桥 siｍplｙ sｕｐpｏrted beam bｒid ｇe ﻫ连续梁桥ｃｏntiｎuouｓ beａm ｂｒidg ｅﻫ悬臂梁桥ｃantｉlｅver beam brｉdgｅ板桥 slab brｉdge空心板桥 holｌｏｗ slab bridge板梁 plate girdｅr ﻫ工形梁I-beam箱形梁ｂox gｉrｄer槽形梁trough girdｅr桁架truss拆装式桁架 deｍｏuntable trｕｓｓﻫ刚架桥；刚构桥 rigｉd frａme bridｇe ﻫ斜腿刚架桥;斜腿刚构桥 stｒuttｅd ｂeam briｄge；ｓｌant-leggeｄ rigid frame brｉｄge ﻫ悬板桥;悬带桥ｓtresｓｅｄribbon bridge悬索桥；吊桥 sｕsｐension bｒidge斜拉桥caｂle-ｓtａyｅｄｂriｄge ﻫ浮桥ponｔｏon bridge; fｌｏatｉｎg bridｇe；ｂateａｕ bｒidｇe ﻫ拱桥 aｒcｈ brｉdｇe固端拱;无铰拱ｆiｘｅｄ-ｅnd arｃh ﻫ双铰拱ｔｗｏ-hiｎgｅｄａrch ﻫ三铰拱three-hinged arｃh实腹拱 spandrel－fiｌｌed aｒch； sｏliｄ-ｓｐandreｌ arch空腹拱 oｐen-spaｎdｒeｌａrｃｈ双曲拱 twｏ-way curｖed aｒｃｈ; cｒoｓｓ－cｕｒｖed arｃｈﻫ系杆拱;柔性系杆刚性拱ｔied arcｈﻫ榔格尔式桥;刚性系杆柔性拱桥Langer brｉdｇｅ; flｅxｉｂｌｅarch bridge wiｔh riｇid ｔie洛泽式桥;直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Ｌohse ｂriｄgｅ; riｇid ａrｃｈｂｒｉｄge wｉth rigiｄｔie and vｅrｔicａl sｅsｐenｄersﻫ尼尔森桥 Nielseｎ systen brｉｄge尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Ｎieｌsen tｙｐe Lhse briｄge; ｒiｇid arｃｈbｒｉdge wｉtｈ fiｇhd tiｅａｎd iｎcｌined suspeｎders活动桥 movａble bridｇｅ竖旋桥 bascule bridge ﻫ平旋桥swiｎg ｂｒidgｅ升降桥 lift ｂridge ﻫ正交桥ｒight ｂrid ｇｅﻫ斜交桥sｋew briｄge曲线桥 cuｒvｅｄbridge曲梁 cｕrved beａm特大桥super mａiｏr briｄge ﻫ大桥 mａjor bridgｅﻫ中桥mｅdiuｍbｒidｇe小桥 minor brｉdge单线桥 siｎｇle ｔｒaｃｋ bｒidge双线桥ｄｏuｂlｅｔｒａｃk bridge多线桥muｌｔi－ｔｒａcｋbｒidge ﻫ正桥; 主桥 mａｉｎ bridｇe ﻫ引桥 approach spａns 上承式桥 dｅck brｉdge半穿式桥;中承式ｈａｌf tｈrｏｕgｈ brｉdge; mｉdheigｈt deck brｉdge ﻫ下承式桥 through ｂriｄge ﻫ双层桥 dｏuble-ｄeｃk bridge ﻫ永久性桥 permanｅnt ｂｒidge临时性桥；便桥ｔemporarｙ bridge跨径;跨度 span ﻫ净跨 cｌeａｒｓpaｎ桥梁全长oveｒａｌl ｌeｎgth of bridｇe ﻫ桥下净空ｕｎderneaｔｈclearance主梁中心距 center tｏ cｅnteｒ diｓｔaｎce between maｉｎgirdｅr ﻫ节间长度 pａｎeｌｌengtｈ梁高ｄｅpｔh ｏｆ girdeｒﻫ拱度 caｍbeｒﻫ挠度 dｅflectｉon ﻫ节间pａnel ﻫ锚跨;锚孔ａnchor span悬跨;吊孔ｓuspendeｄ sｐaｎﻫ桥梁上部结构suｐｅrstrｕctｕre ﻫ腹板web platｅ翼缘flange ﻫ翼缘板 flaｎge plａｔe弦杆 chorｄmember腹杆wｅb memｂer斜杆 diagｏｎal ｍｅmber ﻫ竖杆 veｒtｉcａl membｅr ﻫ吊杆 suｓpender haｎgeｒ加劲杆 stｉffener节点 pａnｅｌpoint ﻫ节点板gｕsｓｅｔ pl ａtｅﻫ拼接板 spｌice plaｔe ﻫ缀条 lacing bar缀板 sｔａｙ platｅ；tｉe plate ﻫ侧向水平联结系 lateral ｂｒacing ﻫ横联ｓway ｂraｃiｎｇﻫ制动撑架braking ｂraｃinｇﻫ桥门架porｔal frａme纵梁stｒingｅr横梁ｆloor beam; traｎｓverｓe bｅam桥面系fｌooｒｓyｓtem ﻫ端横梁 enｄ fｌoo ｒ beam ﻫ起重横梁 jaｃｋing ｆｌoor beam 梁端缓冲梁 auxilｉａry ｇirder for contｒo ｌling ａngｌｅ chaｎge应变时效ｓtrain ａgeｉｎg ﻫ碳当量ｃａrbｏn equivalｅｎｔ钢丝ｓtｅel ｗire ﻫ钢丝束 bundｌed steel ｗｉres ﻫ钢绞线ｓｔeelｓtrａnd ﻫ钢筋reinforcemenｔ; sｔeｅｌ bar箍筋 stirｒuｐ纵向钢筋 longitudiｎal rｅinforcement ﻫ弯起钢筋 benｔ-uｐｂar ﻫ架立钢筋 erectiｏn barﻫ构造钢筋cｏnｓtructioｎａl reｉnforcemeｎt预应力筋tｅndoｎ套管ｓheaｔｈ梁腋 hａuncｈﻫ拱圈 arch ring ﻫ拱肋 arｃh r ｉb ﻫ拱顶 rａch crown ﻫ拱矢ｒise of aｒｃh起拱点 sｐrｉnｇiｎg拱腹ｓoｆfｉｔﻫ拱腹线iｎtraｄoｓ拱背钱 eｘtradｏs桥塔bｒidge toｗer; ｐyloｎﻫ索平面 cable pｌａnｅﻫ缆索ｃaｂle ﻫ斜缆ｓtａy cａble；inclined cａｂｌｅﻫ吊缆 suspeｎsiｏn caｂle ﻫ索鞍caｂｌe saｄdle索夹 cable ｂanｄ; ｃablｅ claｍｐ锚座socｋｅt锚碇 anchoｒage明桥面oｐｅn dｅｃk;ballａsｔｌｅss deck; oｐeｎｆｌoor桥梁道碴槽balｌａst trｏugｈﻫ道碴桥面 b ａllaｓted deck; bａlｌaｓtｅd fｌｏｏr桥梁护轨guarｄ rａiｌ of ｂｒiｄｇe ﻫ桥梁护木ｇuarｄ timbｅr oｆ brｉdge桥枕ｂｒiｄｇe tｉe；briｄge sleepeｒﻫ桥上人行道 sidewalk oｎｂridｇｅ步行板 fooｔ planｋﻫ避车台 refuge platform ﻫ伸缩缝expaｎｓｉon jｏinｔﻫ正交异性板ｏrtｈotropｉc plaｔｅﻫ栏杆 raｉlｉng; handraｉl; hａnｄrａilinｇ泻水孔draｉnａge oｐeｎing直结轨道 track fａｓtenｅd ｄirｅｃｔly to steel girders ﻫ抗剪连接件;抗剪结合件ｓｈｅar conｎectｏｒﻫ支座ｂｅarinｇ固定支座 fixed beaｒing活动支座ｅxpenｓion ｂearinｇ; mｏvable bearing ﻫ平板支座plate bearing摇轴芝座 rocｋer bearing ﻫ滚轴支座 roｌｌer ｂｅａriｎg ﻫ球面支座 spherｉｃal bｅar ｉnｇ板式橡胶支座lａminated rubbｅｒ beａring盆式橡胶支座ｐot rubｂeｒｂearinｇ聚四氯乙烯支座 poly-tetｒafｌuｏrｏedthyｌene ｂeａring; PTFE bearing涡流激振ｗortex-excｉtｅｄ osｃilｌatｉon 弛振 galloｐing ﻫ颤振 flｕｔteｒ扰流板ｓｐoｉｌer ﻫ风嘴ｗind faｉｒｉng ﻫ桥梁自振周期 natuｒaｌ viｂratiｏn pｅriod oｆｂｒidge浮运架桥法 bridge ereｃｔｉon ｂy floatiｎｇ架桥机架设法ｅrｅction bｙbｒidｇe girder ｅrectinｇｅｑuipment ﻫ顶推式架设法ｅrecｔioｎbｙｉnｃreｍeｎtａｌla ｕｎchｉng ﻫ拖拉架设法launcｈiｎg meｔhod 赝架式架设法 erｅction with scａffｏlｄin ｇﻫ悬臂架设法 catileｖer ｅｒection; ere ｃｔiｏn by prｏtrusioｎ悬臂灌注法 cast-in-ｐlaｃｅ cantilｅvｅr conｓtruction; frｅe cantileveｒseｇmｅntal concreting wｉｔh ｓｕspｅｎｄed fｏrmwork ﻫ悬臂拼装法ｃaｎtilｅｖeｒed ａsｓｅｍｂling constrｕｔiｏn; ｆreｅｃaｎtｉlever ｅrｅｃtioｎ with segmeｎts of precast ｃｏｎｃreｔe预制混凝土构件ｐrｅｃaｓｔ concrete uｎiｔs； prｅcast concｒｅｔe ｍｅｍbers ﻫ活动模架逐跨施工法 segmenｔaｌspａn－bｙ-ｓｐａn coｎstruction usinｇfｏrｍ tｒaｖｅller桥梁合龙closure就地贯注法caｓｔ-iｎ-plaｃe methｏｄ; cａsｔ－ｉn-sｉtu method活动吊篮ｔｒａvellｉng cradle顶进法 jａｃk－in meｔｈod旋转法施工;转体施工 erｅcｔiｏn ｂy swing ｍethod ﻫ液压式张拉千斤顶 hｙdｒaulｉc tensioｎiｎg ｊａck桥梁下部结构 suｂｓtructure桥台ａｂｕtment重力式桥台 gｒavitｙａｂutmｅｎt ﻫ埋置式桥台ｂurｉｅd aｂutmｅnｔ锚定板式桥台 anｃhor ｓlab abutmentU形桥台Ｕ-shapeｄ abutmeｎt耳墙式桥台abｕtｍenｔwithｃａntｉlevereｄｒｅｔaiｎｉｎg wａｌｌﻫ台身aｂutment body前墙ｆrｏｎｔ waｌl台帽 abｕtment coｐing ﻫ翼墙 wing ｗａｌl ﻫ锥体护坡 quａｄｒａnt revｅtｍenｔ; trunca ｔeｄcｏnｅbaｎｋing ﻫ台后填方 fiｌlｉng ｂehiｎｄ abutmeｎt ﻫ桥墩pieｒ空心桥墩 hｏlｌow pieｒﻫ实体桥墩 soｌid p ｉer ﻫ重力式桥墩ｇravity ｐieｒﻫ柔性桥墩flｅｘiblｅ pier拼装式桥墩assｅmbly pier; pier cｏｎstructed wｉth precast units ﻫ制动墩braｋｉｎg pier柱式桥墩columｎpier ﻫV形桥墩V－sｈaped pier圆端形桥墩ｒouｎd-ended pier圆形桥墩 circulａr pieｒﻫ矩形桥墩 reｃtan ｇｕlａｒｐｉer排架式桥墩pｉlｅ beｎt ｐier墩身pier bｏｄy；ｐier shaｆt ﻫ墩帽 piｅr copｉng围栏 raiｌing ａroｕnｄ cｏpiｎg oｆpieｒｏr ａbｕtｍｅnt承台ｂｅaｒinｇ platforｍﻫ破冰体 icｅapron; iｃe-bｒｅakｉng cuｔｗater; iｃe guard ﻫ地基ｆｏundaｔｉon; foｕｎｄａtiｏn sｏｉl; ｓubgraｄe加固地基 imｐrｏved ｆoundation; iｍｐrovedｇrounｄﻫ天然地基naｔｕral founｄaｔion；natｕｒal grounｄ桥梁基础briｄge fｏuｎdaｔion ﻫ扩大基础ｓprｅad foundatｉon明挖基础ｏpen－ｃut foundation; opｅｎ ex ｃavation foundaｔiｏn ﻫ沉井基础 oｐeｎｃａｉsｓoｎｆｏuｎdatｉon ﻫ浮式沉井基础floatiｎg ｃaiｓsoｎfoundａtioｎ沉井刃脚 cｕttiｎg eｄge of opeｎ caisson ﻫ围堰 cｏｆferdａm ﻫ双壁钢围堰钻孔基础 double wall steeｌ coｆferｄam bｏｒed foundatｉon预制钢壳钻孔基础ｐrefabｒicａteｄ stｅel shelｌ boｒed ｆｏｕｎｄatｉｏｎﻫ泥浆套沉井法 sluｒｒy jacｋet ｍetｈod foｒｓiｎking caisson空气幕沉井法 air curtain methoｄｆor sｉnki ｎg caisｓon沉箱基础 pｎeumaｔｉc cａｉsson fｏuｎｄatioｎﻫ管柱基础tubular ｃolumn founｄation桩基础 pｉle fｏundatioｎﻫ预制桩 precast piｌe ﻫ就地灌注桩ｃａsｔ-in－pｌaｃe concr ｅte ｐｉle; cast-ｉn-ｓitu cｏncreｔｅpilｅﻫ螺旋喷射桩ａuger ｉｎjeｃｔed ｐile ﻫ摩擦桩ｆriｃtｉｏn ｐile支承桩 beａｒing pilｅﻫ钻孔桩 bｏred ｐile挖孔桩ｄug pilｅﻫ钢桩sｔeel pile钢管桩ｓｔｅｅl pｉpe pile钢板桩steｅl shｅｅt pile ﻫ板桩 sheｅt pile ﻫ木桩 tｉmｂｅr pｉｌe ﻫ钢筋混凝土桩ｒeｉnforced concrｅｔe piｌe砂桩sａｎd pile挤密砂桩sand ｃｏnpａction pilｅ流砂 quicｋｓaｎd; drift sanｄ送桩pilｅ fｏllowｅr试桩ｔｅsｔpilｅﻫ斜桩bａtter pile; raking pｉle； sｐur pile护筒 pile castｉｎｇ重锤夯实法 heavｙ tａmpｉｎg ｍetｈod ﻫ灰土换填夯实法 mｏｔｈod of ｌｉme－ｓoil ｒeplacｅmｅnt anｄ taｍpinｇ灌注水下混凝土underwaｔer conｃｒetinｇ; ｃoncrｅｔｉｎg with tremie ｍeｔhｏd ﻫ导流建筑物 regｕｌating struｃture丁坝;挑水坝ｓpur ｄike ﻫ顺坝 lｏngitudiｎａl dam河床铺砌 riveｒ bed pａｖｉｎｇ码头whａｒf排架bｅnt脚手架 scａffolｄﻫ悬空脚手架 haｎgiｎｇ s ｔａgｅ; hａngｉnｇ sｃaffold七、铁路涵洞 rａｉlway ｃulvert ﻫ涵洞孔径 ap ｅrtuｒe of culｖerｔﻫ管涵ｐipe culｖert 箱涵 box culvｅrt ﻫ拱涵 arch ｃuｌverｔﻫ盖板涵 slab culvｅrt无压力涵洞ｉnlet unｓubｍergｅd cuｌｖert ﻫ压力式涵洞 outｌet submｅｒged ｃulｖer ｔﻫ半压力式涵洞 iｎｌet subｍｅrged culｖert明渠open cｈａnnel； opｅn ditch; opｅn d ｒaｉｎ倒虹吸管 inｖertｅd siphon潮汐河流 tidａl riｖer淤积ｓｉltｉng; sｉltａtion流冰 iｃｅｄrift铁路轮渡 railwａy car ｆｅｒries ﻫ轮渡站fｅrｒｙ statｉｏn ﻫ轮渡栈桥 ferry tｒｅｓｔｌe bridｇe ﻫ渡轮ferry ｂoat轮渡引线;轮渡斜引道 fｅrry sｌip ﻫ八、铁路隧道 rａilwａy tunnel ﻫ山岭隧道ｍountain ｔuｎnｅl越岭隧道ｏvｅr mｏuntａｉｎ line tunｎel ﻫ水下隧道;水地隧道ｓubaｑueｏｕs tunnｅl；underwater tunnel ﻫ地铁隧道 subwａy tuｎne; undergroｕnd rａilwａｙ tuｎnｅｌﻫ浅埋隧道shallｏｗtuｎnel; shａllow-deptｈtunnel; shalloｗburyｉｎg tunnel深埋隧道deep tｕnｎel； deep-deptｈtun ｎｅl; deｅｐ bｕｒyｉｎg ｔunnel单线隧道sinｇle track tunnel ﻫ双线隧道double ｔraｃk ｔｕnｎel多线隧道mulｔiｐｌe track ｔunｎｅl ﻫ车站隧道ｓtａｔiｏｎ tｕｎnel ﻫ地铁车站 suｂｗaｙｓtａｔｉon; meｔｒｏstａｔioｎ特长隧道ｓupeｒｌong tunnｅl长隧道 loｎg tｕnｎel ﻫ中长隧道ｍｅdｉuｍtｕnnｅｌ短隧道 sｈort tunnel隧道群 tunnel gｒoup地铁工程ｓubwａy eｎgineeｒiｎg; mｅtro ｅｎgineerｉｎg洞口 tｕｎne lａdit; ｔｕnneｌｏpening 隧道进口 tunneｌ enｔrance ﻫ隧道出口 tuｎne ｌeｘit ﻫ迎坡；正面坡 fｒｏnt ｓlope ﻫ洞门ｔｕｎｎｅl ｐortａl洞门框 tunnel portaｌframe端墙式洞门eｎd wａlｌｔｕnｎel ｐorｔal ﻫ柱式洞门 poｓｔ tｕnｎeｌ pｏｒtaｌﻫ翼墙式洞门wing wall ｔunnel pｏrtａl耳墙式洞门 ear wall tunnｅｌ porｔal台阶式洞门 bench tｕnnel portal ﻫ正洞门ortｈonｏｒmａl ｔunｎel poｒtal; ｓtraight tunnel pｏrｔａｌﻫ斜洞门ｓkew t ｕｎnｅl pｏrｔal ﻫ明洞门 open-ｃuｔ-tｕnn ｅｌ poｒｔaｌ；gallery portal衬砌ｌiniｎg ﻫ拱圈 arcｈﻫ边墙sidｅwa ｌl ﻫ仰拱inｖert； inｖerted arch ﻫ底板floor ﻫ整体式衬砌integｒal liniｎｇ装配式衬砌 pｒｅcaｓt lｉning； prefabrｉc ａted linｉng ﻫ模筑衬砌 mouｌdｅd liniｎｇﻫ洞口段衬砌liｎinｇｏf tunnｅｌ porｔａl section偏压衬砌ｕｎｓｙｍmetricaｌly ｌoadinｇｌininｇ; eccentｒicallｙ pressed lining 组合衬砌;复合衬砌pｏsitｅ lｉninｇﻫ初期支护 primaｒy support ﻫ二次衬砌secｏｎdａｒy liniｎｇ隔离层ｉsoｌation layｅｒﻫ喷锚衬砌 sｈorcｒete bolt ｌｉniｎg下锚段衬砌;接触网锚段衬砌 anchoｒ-section linｉｎg ﻫ挤压混凝土衬砌 eｘｔruｄing conc ｒｅte ｔｕnnel liniｎg ﻫ隔热层tｈｅｒma ｌ insｕlatｉoｎｌayer明洞opｅｎ－cut tuｎnel; tunneｌ witｈout cｏver; gaｌｌeｒy ﻫ拱形明洞 arch open ｃut tｕnnel； arch tｕnｎel ｗithｏut cover; arch gａllery棚洞ｓhed tunnｅl; ｓheｄ galｌerｙﻫ路堑式明洞cuｔ-ｔype open cｕt ｔｕnnel；cut-typｅｔｕnnel withｏut ｃover; ｃuｔ-type gaｌlｅry ﻫ半路堑式明洞 paｒt cut-t ｙｐe oｐen ｃut tunｎel; parｔ cut-tｙpe ｔunnel ｗithoｕt covｅr；ｐart cuｔ-ｔyp ｅ gａllｅryﻫ抗滑明洞 aｎｔi－ｓkｉd-typｅopen cｕt ｔｕnnel; anti－skｉd－ｔype tunnel without cover；anｔi-skid－typｅgallery ﻫ盖板式棚洞 slab shed ｔｕｎnｅｌ；slab shed gallerｙ刚架式棚洞 fｒamed sheｄtunｎel；ｆｒame ｄ sｈed galleｒy ﻫ悬臂式棚洞caｎｔileve ｒshed tunｎｅl；cａntileveｒ sheｄ ga ｌlery ﻫ隧道专家系统ｅxpert ｓｙstｅm of ｔ。
铁路专业部分常用词汇中英文对照表
铁路专业部分常用词汇中英文对照一、职务名词1. 路局MD (Managing Director): 总局长DMD (Deputy Managing Director): 副总局长CS （Corporate Secretary）: 公司秘书MPCA （Manager Planning and Corporate Affairs）: 企划部经理CME (Chief Mechanical Engineer)：机辆总工CCE （Chief Civil Engineer）：工务总工FM (Finance Manager)：财务经理MM（Marketing Manager）：市场经理TM（Traffic Manager）：运输经理SM （Supplies Manager）：物资经理SM （Safety Manager）：安全经理HRM （Human Resources Manager）：人事经理HPR （Head Public Relations）：公关部主管HIT （Head Information Technology）：信息部主管CIA （Chief Internal Auditor）：内审主管Chief Pension Officer：退休金主管Chief Controller ：调度长2. 分局、站段及工厂RGM (Regional General Manager): 分局总经理RME （Regional Mechanical Engineer）：分局机辆总工RCE （Regional Civil Engineer）：分局工务总工S&T (Signaling & Telecommunication) Engineer:电务（信号与通信）工程师Head Commercial ：商业主管Head Human Resources ：人事主管Chief Administration Officer：行政主管Area Manager：区域经理WM （Workshop Manager）: 工厂经理SM （Station Master）：站长Senior Passenger Officer ：客运主管DPC （District Police Commander）: 地区警察指挥官二、部门和组织名词或惯称Head Office ：路局或总部CRET（Chinese Railway Expert Team）：中国铁路专家协调组Regional Office：分局Area Office：区域办事处Workshop：工厂CSP (concrete Sleeper Plant)：轨枕厂Quarry ：采石场TTC（TAZARA Training Center）：坦赞铁路局培训中心Locomotive Depot：机务段Rolling Stock Depot：车辆段Marshalling Yard：编组场Construction Unit：房建队Board of Directors:董事会Board Committee：董事会委员会Committee meeting：委员会会议或预备会Council of Ministers: 部长理事会Union：工会三、设备名称1. 机车 LocomotiveMainline/shunting locomotive: 干线/调车机车DFH Locomotive：东方红机车Diesel Engine：柴油机Traction Motor：牵引电机Wheel set：轮对Bogie：转向架Running Part：走行部Axle: 车轴Coupler：车钩Valve：阀Bearing: 轴承Brake shoe：闸瓦Cow Catcher：排障器Vacuum horse：真空软管Air pipe：风管Control system：控制系统Battery：蓄电池DE （Diesel Electric）：柴油电传DH （Diesel Hydraulic）：柴油液传Driver’s Cab：驾驶室Crank Shaft：曲轴Locomotive failure：机故2. Wagon：货车DSO （Down Side Open wagon）: 低帮车CDSO (Container Down Side Open wagon): 低帮集装箱货车HSO (High Side Open):高帮车Co (Covered wagon)：棚车F (Flat wagon)：平板车FT (Flat Tank wagon)：平板罐车JTW (Jumbo Tank wagon)：大型罐车CF (Container Flat wagon)：集装箱平车WW (Well Wagon)：井型车BV (Brake Van)：守车LS (Livestock wagon)：牲畜车B (Ballast wagon)：石渣车R (Refrigeration wagon)：冷藏车3. Coach：客车1st Class Coach：一等车厢（软卧）2nd Class Coach：二等车厢（硬卧）3rd Class Coach：三等车厢（硬座）MD’s Coach: 总局长专用车Super Seat：软座车厢Dining/buffet Car：餐车Lounge Car：酒吧车Luggage Van：行李车4. 其它设备Gantry crane：龙门吊Trolley：轨道车Reversing Gear：换向机构Rescue crane：救援吊车Re-railing Equipment：复救设备Forklift：叉车Mobile crane：汽车吊Air compressor：空压机Mono block：轮饼Coupler knuckle：钩舌Wooden sleeper：木枕Concrete sleeper：混凝土轨枕Bridge sleeper：桥枕Turnout：道岔Semaphore signal：臂板信号机Interlocking equipment: 联锁设备Semi-automatic block system：半自动闭塞Head Crane：桥式吊车Drop Table：落车台Flaw detection machine：探伤仪Triple valve：三通阀Generator：发电机Shop ：车间Second crusher：二级破碎机四、运输词汇Financial year：财政年度Passenger train：客车Freight train: 货车Commuter train：通勤车Up train:上行列车Down train：下行列车Fuel：燃油Locomotive routing：机车交路Locomotive availability：机车完好率Timetable：时刻表Arrival time：抵达时间Departure time：出发时间Freight traffic：货运量Passenger ridership：客运量Parcel：行包tonne-km：吨公里turnaround time：周转时间punctuality：正点率interchange：过轨level crossing：平交道口good shed：货场weighbridge：轨道衡copper：铜manganese：锰coal：煤fertilizer：化肥timber：木材maize：玉米wheat flour：面粉molasses：糖稀container：集装箱sulphur：硫磺general cargo：杂货accident：事故derail：脱轨capsize：倾覆五、其它专有名词或短语Ministry of transport: 交通部Immigration office：移民局Exemption: 豁免证/工作许可PS （Permanent Secretary）：常秘cemetery：公墓Protocol：议定书Concession：特许经营Concessionaire：特许经营者/特许经营单位Manpower position：员工人数Clearance：清关Shipping documents：海运文件Bill of Lading: 提货单Packing List：装箱单Insurance：保险Commercial Invoice：商务发票Production meeting：生产交班会minutes：会议记录MOU （Memorandum of Understanding）：谅解备忘录Invitation letter：邀请函Motor vehicle license: 机动车辆证/上路许可financial statement：财务报表quarter：季度Turnover：营业额Revenue：收入Expenditure：支出Pension：退休金Rates: 费率Freight tariff: 货运价格Passenger fare：客车票价Permanent way：工务线路speed restricted area：限速地段land slide: 滑坡tamping machine：捣固机light/heavy motor trolley: 轻型/重型轨道车ballast：道砟curve: 曲线culvert：涵洞tunnel：隧道gradient: 坡度gauge：轨距/限界motive power：动力（设备）single locomotive operation：单机牵引MU (multiple unit) operation：多机牵引axle load：轴重Cummins：康明斯Transmission type：传动类型Hydraulic transmission：液力传动Piston：活塞Air brake: 空气制动Vacuum brake：真空制动. (High Frequency) radio: 高频电台Microwave：微波Optic fiber：光纤Light repair: 小修Medium repair：中修Rehabilitation/overhaul：大修Spare part：零配件Kilimanjaro passenger train：乞力马扎罗号客车Mukuba passenger train：姆库巴号客车Compartment：客车包厢VIP lounge：贵宾室Control order：调度令Booking office：售票处。
铁路专业词汇全
铁路专业词汇一、铁路；铁道railway railroad铁路线railway line；railroad line铁路网railway network；railroad network铁道科学railway science铁路技术railway technology铁路等级railway classification国有铁路national railway；state railway地方铁路local railway；regional railway私有铁路private railway合资铁路joint investment railway；jointly owned railway标准轨铁路standard-gage railway窄轨铁路narrow-gage railway米轨铁路meter-gage railway宽轨铁路broad-gage railway单线铁路single track railway双线铁路double track railway多线铁路multiple track railway重载铁路heavy haul railway高速铁路high speed railway电气化铁路；电力铁路electrified railway；electric railway干线铁路main line railway；trunk railway市郊铁路suburban railway地下铁道；地铁subway；metro；underground railway工业企业铁路industry railway矿山铁路mine railway轻轨铁路light railway；light rail高架铁路elevated railway单轨铁路；独轨铁路monorail；monorail railway 磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway；maglev 森林铁路forest railway山区铁路mountain railway既有铁路existing railway新建铁路newly-built railway改建铁路reconstructed railway运营铁路railway in operation；operation；operating railway 专用铁路special purpose railway干线trunk line；main line支线branch line铁路专用线railway special line货运专线railway line for freight traffic；freight special line；freight traffic only line客运专线railway line for passenger traffic；passenger special line；passenger traffic only line客货运混合铁路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度；运营里程operation length of railway；operating distance；revenue length 列车运行图train diagram铁路建筑长度construction length of railway区间section区段district轨距rail gage；rail gauge轮重wheel load轴重axle load最大轴重maximum allowable axle load限制轴重axle load limited限界clearance；gauge限界图clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance；structure clearance for railway；railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance；fundamental structure gauge桥梁建筑限界bridge construction clearance；bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限tunnel construction clearance；tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界rolling stock clearance for railway；vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界loading clearance limit；loading gauge 阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension；clearance limit for oversize commodities接触网限界clearance limt for overhead contractwire；clearance limit for overhead catenary system；overhead catenary system gauge列车与线路相互作用track-train interaction轮轨关系wheel-rail relation；wheel-rail interaction粘着系数adhesion coefficient车轮滑行wheel sliding；wheel skid车轮空转wheel slipping牵引种类kinds of traction；category of traction 牵引方式mode of traction牵引定数tonnage rating；tonnage of traction装载系数loading coefficient速度speed持续速度continuous speed限制速度limited speed；speed restriction均衡速度balancing speed构造速度construction speed；design speed最高速度maximum speed临界速度critical speed重载列车heavy haul train高速列车high speed train超长超重列车exceptionally long and heavy train 列车正面冲突train collision列车尾追train tail collision列车尾部防护train rear end protection伸缩运动fore and aft motion蛇行运动hunting；nosing列车压缩train running in列车拉伸train running out列车分离train separation列车颠覆train overturning列车动力学train dynamics列车空气动力学train acrodynamics机车车辆振动vibration of rolling stock纵向振动longitudinal vibration横向振动lateral vibration垂向振动vertical vibration摆滚振动rock-roll vibration浮沉振动bouncing；vibration测滚振动rolling ；vibration测摆振动swaying；vibration点头振动pitching；nodding摇头振动yawing；hunting机车车辆共振resonance of rolling stock 机车车辆冲击impact of rolling纵向冲击longitudinal impact横向冲击lateral impact垂向冲击vertical impact货运站综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations at freight station行车指挥自动化automation of traffic control编组场综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations in marshalling yard铁路运营信息系统railway operation information system铁路数据交换系统railway data exchange system 运营系统模拟simulation of operation system铁路法railway law铁道法规railway act铁路条例railway code铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technical operation综合运输comprehensive transport；multi-mode transport；intermode transport国际铁路联运international railway through traffic 大陆桥；洲际铁路transcontinental railway；intercontinental railway；land-railway国际联运协定agreement of international through traffic国际联运议定书protocol of international through traffic国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic二、铁路新线建设newly-built railway construction铁路技术改造technical reform of railway；technical renovation of railway；betterment and improvement of railway铁路主要技术条件main technical standard of railway；main techincal requirement of railway 单位工程unit project分部工程part project分项工程item project预可行性研究pre-feasibility study项目建议书proposed task of project可行性研究feasibility study设计阶段design phase；design stage三阶段设计three-step design；three-phase design两阶段设计two-step design；two-phase design 一阶段设计one-step design；one-phase design 初步设计preliminary design技术设计technical design扩大初步设计enlarged preliminary design；expanded preliminary design施工图设计construction detail design；working-drawing design变更设计altered design设计概算apporximate estimate of design；budgetary estimate of design个别概算individual approximate estimate综合概算comprehensive approximate estimate 总概算sum of approximate estimate；total estimate；summary estimate修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate；revised general estimate调整总概算adjusted sum of approximate estimate投资检算checking of investment预算定额rating of budget；rating form for budget 概算定额rating of approximate estimate；rating form for estimate投资估算investment estimate估算指标index of estimate机械台班定额rating per machine per team；rating per machine-team工程直接费direct expense of project；direct cost of project工程间接费indirect expense of project；indirect cost of project工程预备费reserve fund of project设计鉴定certification of design；appraisal of design竣工决算final accounts of completed project铁路用地right-of-way铁路勘测railway reconnaissance调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation；investigation survey；investigation surveying and sketching地形调查topographic survey地貌调查topographic feature survey；geomorphologic survey地质调查geologic survey经济调查economic investigation；economic survey水文地质调查hydrogeologic survey土石成分调查survey of soil and rock composition土石物理力学性质physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock土石分类classificaion of soil and rock地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation；bearing capacity of ground；bearing of subgrade 隧道围岩分级classification of tunnel surrounding rock地质图测绘survey and drawing of geological map；surveying and sketching of geological map 勘探exploration；prospecting挖探excavation prospecting钻探boring；exploration drilling物探geophysical prospecting室内测试indoor test；laboratory test原位测试in situ test静力触探static sounding；static probing；cone penetration test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test标准贯入试验standard penetration test区域地质regional geology工程地质engineering geology不良地质unfavorable geology特殊地质special geology工程地质条件engineering geologic；requirement；engineering geologic condition气象资料meteorological data冻结深度freezing depth地震基本烈度basic intensity of earthquake；seismic basic intensity工程地质图engineering geological map地层柱状图column diagram of stratum；graphic logs of strata；drill log of stratum洪水调查flood survey河道调查river course survey冰凌调查ice floe survey；frazil ice survey汇水区流域特征调查survey of catchment basin characteristics水文断面hydrologic sectional drawing；dydrologic section；hydrologic cross-section主河槽main river channel设计流速design current velocity设计高程；设计标高design elevation河流比降slope of river；comparable horizon of river历史洪水位historic flood level最高水位highest water level；HWL通航水位navigation water level；NWL桥涵水文hydrology of bridge and culvert水利半径hydraulic radius桥前壅水高度backwater height in front of bridge；top water level in front of bridge桥渡勘测设计survey and design of bridge crossing水面坡度slope of water surface水文测量hydrological survey泥石流流域catchment basin of debris flow分水岭watershed；dividing ridge汇水面积catchment area；water collecting area；drainage area洪水频率flood frequency设计流量design discharge设计水位design water level施工水位construction level；construction water level；working water level设计洪水过程线designed flood hydrograph 容许冲刷allowable scour一般冲刷general scour局部冲刷local scour；partial scour三、铁路测量railway survey 线路踏勘；草测route reconnaissance初测preliminary survey定测location survey；alignment；final location survey导线测量traversing；traverse survey光电导线photoelectric traverse地形测量topographical survey横断面测量cross leveling；cross-section survey；cross-section leveling线路测量route survey；profile survey；longitudinal survey既有线测量；旧线测量survey of existing railway 线路复测repetition survey of existing railway；resurvey of existing railway测量精度survey precision；precision of survey 均方差；中误差mean square error最大误差；极限误差maximum error；limiting error中线测量center line survey中线桩center line stake加桩additional stake；plus stake外移桩shift out stake；stake outward；offset stake水准点高程测量bench mark leveling中桩高程测量；中平center stake leveling曲线控制点curve control point放线setting-out of route；lay out of route交点intersection point副交点auxiliary intersection point转向角deflection angle分转向角auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角plane-coordinate azimuth象限角quadrantal angle经纬距plane rectangular coordinate断链broken chain投影断链projection of broken chain断高broken height铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测railway aerial photogrammetry铁路航空勘测railway aerial surveying航带设计flight strip design；design of flight strip 铁路工程地质遥感remote sensing of railway engineering geology测段segment of survey航测选线aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry全球定位系统global positioning system；GPS 像片索引图index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey；triangulation精密导线测量precise traverse survey；accurate traverse survey三角高程测量trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量ouside tunnel control survey 隧道洞内控制测量in tunnel control survey；through survey隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal；geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量survey of bridge axis铁路选线railway location；approximate railway location；location of railway route selection平原地区选线location in plain region；plain location越岭选线location of mountain line；location of line in mountain region；location over mountain 山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location；location of line of in mountain and valley region丘陵地段选线hilly land location；location of line on hilly land工程地质选线engineering geoligic location of line线间距distance between centers of tracks；midway between tracks车站分布distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison；route alternative 投资回收期repayment period of capital cost纸上定线paper location of line缓坡地段section of easy grade；section of gentle slope紧坡地段section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段section of unsufficient grade；section fo insufficient grade导向线leading line；alignment guiding line拔起高度；克服高度height of lifting；lifting height；ascent of elevation横断面选线cross-section method of railway location；location with cross-section method；cross-section method for location of line展线extension of line；development of line；line development展线系数coefficient of extension line；coefficient of development line套线overlapping line线路平面图track plan；line plan线路纵断面图track profile；line profile站坪长度length of station site站坪坡度grade of station site控制区间control section；controlling section最小曲线半径minimum radius of curve圆曲线circular curve单曲线simple curve缓和曲线transition curve；easement curve；spiral transition curve缓和曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature；rate of transition curve复曲线compound curve同向曲线curves of same sense；adjacent curves in one direction反向曲线reverse curve；curve of opposite sense夹直线intermediate straight line；tangent between curves坡度grade；gradient；slope人字坡double spur grade限制坡度ruling grade；limiting grade加力牵引坡度pusher grade；assisting grade最大坡度maximum grade临界坡度critical grade长大坡度long steep grade；long heavy grade 动力坡度momentum grade均衡坡度balanced grade有害地段harmful district无害地段harmless district变坡点point of gradient change；breake in grade坡段grade section坡段长度length of grade section坡度差algebraic difference between adjacent gradients 竖曲线vertical curve分坡平段level stretch between opposite sign gradient缓和坡度slight grade；flat grade；easy grade 起动缓坡flat gradient for starting加速缓坡easy gradient for acceleration；accelerating grade坡度折减compensation of gradient；gradient compensation；grade compensation曲线折减compensation of curve；curve compesation隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel；compensation grade in tunnel绕行地段detouring section；round section换侧；换边change side of double line容许应力设计法allowable stress design method 破损阶段设计法plastic stage design method极限状态设计法limit state design method概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法probabilisatic limit state design method地震系数法seismic coefficient method四、路基subgrade；road bed；formation subgrade岩石路基rock subgrade渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade；pervious embankment非渗水土路基non-permeable soil subgrade；impervious embankment特殊土路基subgrade of special soil软土地区路基subgrade in soft soil zone；subgrade in soft；clay region泥沼地区路基subgrade in bog zone；subgrade in morass region；subgrade in swampland膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基subgrade in swelling soil zone；subgrade in expansive soil region盐渍土地区路基subgrade in salty soil zone；subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soil zone 特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition河滩路堤embankment on plain river beach滨河路堤embankment on river bank水库路基subgrade in reservoir；embankment crossing reservoir崩塌地段路基subgrade in rock fall district；subgrade in collapse zone岩堆地段路基subgrade in rock deposit zone；subgrade in talus zone；subgrade in scree zone 滑坡地段路基subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基subgrade in karst zone洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone；subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone；subgrade in desert雪害地段路基subgrade in snow damage zone；subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基subgrade in debris flow zone路基横断面subgrade cross-section路基面subgrade surface；formation路基面宽度width of the subgrade surface；formation width 路拱road crown；subgrade crown路肩Road shoulder；subgrade shoulder路肩高程formation level；shoulder level路堤embankment；fill路堑cut；road；cutting半堤半堑part-cut and part-fill section；cut and fill section基床subgrade bed；formation基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed；formation top layer；surface layer of subgrade 基床表层bottom layer of subgrade；formation base layer；bottom layer of subgrade bed一般路基general subgrade；ordinary subgrade 最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade；minimum height of fill临界高度critical height基底foundation base；base路堤边坡side slope of embankment；fill slope talus坡脚toe of side slope护道berm取土坑borrow pit路堤填料embankment fill material；embankment filler；filling material of embankment填料分类classification of filling material岩块填料rock block filler；rock filler；rock fill 粗粒土填料coarse-grained soil filler；coarse-grained soil fill细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler；fine-grained soil fill压实标准compacting criteria相对密度relative density压实系数compacting factor；compacting coefficient最佳含水量optimum moisture content；best moisture content最佳密度optimum density；best density核子密度湿度测定determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承载板测定determination of bearing slab of subgrade预留沉落量reserve settlement；settlement allowance反压护道berm with superloading；berm for back pressure；counter swelling berm石灰砂桩lime sand pile换土change soil；soil replacement爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation；silt arresting by explosion；discharge of sedimentation by blasting抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation；packing sedimentation by throwing stones；packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路堑石方爆破rock cutting blasting；rock blasting in cut定向爆破directional blasting浅孔爆破shallow hole blasting深孔爆破deep hole blasting洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting；chamher blasting扬弃爆破abandoned blasting；abandonment blasting抛掷爆破pin-point blasting松动爆破blasting for loosening rock药壶爆破pot hole blasting裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting；contact blasting 路堑边坡cutting slope；side slope of cut堑顶top of cutting slope；top of cutting路堑平台platform of cutting；berm in cutting弃土堆waste bank；bankette；spoil bank 五、防护工程Protection works 挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relieving platform；balanced type retaining wall锚定板挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retaining wall；anchored plate retaining wall加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall；reinforced soil retaining wall锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall；anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods管柱挡墙cylindrical shaft retaining wall沉井挡墙caisson retaining wall抗滑桩anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile护墙guard wall护坡slope protection；revertment；pitching排水沟weep drain；drainage ditch；drain ditch 边沟；侧沟side ditch天沟gutter；overhead ditch；intercepting ditch 吊沟suspended ditch跌水hydraulic drop截水沟intercepting ditch；catch-drain急流槽chute排水槽drainage channel渗水暗沟blind drain渗水隧洞leak tunnel；permeable tunnel；drainage tunnel渗井leaching well；seepage well渗管leaky pipe平孔排水horizontal hole drainage反滤层reverse filtration layer；inverted filter；protective filter检查井inspection well；manhole砂井；排水砂井sand drain隔断层insulating course；insulating layer透水路堤pervious embankment；permeable embankment渗水路堤immerseable embankment排水砂垫层sand filled drainage layer；drainage sand blanker坡面防护slope protection护岸revetment；shore protection导流堤diversion dike拦石墙stone cut off wall；stone falling wall；buttree落石槽stone falling channel；trough for catching falling rocks柴排firewood raft；mattress；willow fascine 固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation 挡风墙wind-break wall防风栅栏wind break fence砂土液化sand liquefaction 六、桥梁bridge中-活载CR-live loading；China railway standard loading桥梁标准活载standard live load for bridge桥梁荷载谱bridge load spectrum换算均布活载equivalent uniform live load设计荷载design load主力principal load恒载dead load土压力earth load静水压力hydrostatic pressure浮力buoyancy列车活载live load of train列车离心力centrifugal force of train列车冲击力；冲击荷载impact force of train冲击系数ceofficient of impact人行道荷载sidewalk loading附加力subsidiary load；secondary load列车制动力braking force of train列车牵引力tractive force of train风荷载wind load列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train流水压力pressure of water flow冰压力ice pressure冻胀力frost heaving force特殊荷载particular load船只或排筏的撞击力collision force of ship or raft 地震力seismic force地震烈度earthquake intensity地震震级earthquake magnitude施工荷载constructional loading荷载组合loading conbination铁路桥railway bridge公铁两用桥combined bridge；combined highway and railway bridge；combined rail-cum-road bridge跨线桥；立交桥overpass bridge；grade separation bridge；flyover高架桥viaduct旱桥dry bridge人行桥foot bridge；pedestrian bridge圬工桥masonry bridge钢桥steel bridge铆接钢桥riveted steel bridge栓焊钢桥bolted and welded steel bridge全焊钢桥all welded steel bridge摩擦结合式高强度螺栓high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高强度螺栓torshear type high strength blot螺栓示功扳手bolt wrench with indicator混凝土桥concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder后张法预应力梁post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge结合梁桥composite beam bridge低高度梁shallow girder无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete；skeleton reinforced concrete girder简支梁桥simply supported beam bridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge板桥slab bridge空心板桥hollow slab bridge板梁plate girder工形梁I-beam箱形梁box girder槽形梁trough girder桁架truss拆装式桁架demountable truss刚架桥；刚构桥rigid frame bridge斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥strutted beam bridge；slant-legged rigid frame bridge悬板桥；悬带桥stressed ribbon bridge悬索桥；吊桥suspension bridge斜拉桥cable-stayed bridge浮桥pontoon bridge；floating bridge；bateau bridge拱桥arch bridge固端拱；无铰拱fixed-end arch 双铰拱two-hinged arch三铰拱three-hinged arch实腹拱spandrel-filled arch；solid-spandrel arch 空腹拱open-spandrel arch双曲拱two-way curved arch；cross-curved arch 系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱tied arch榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥Langer bridge；flexible arch bridge with rigid tie洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Lohse bridge；rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders尼尔森桥Nielsen systen bridge尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsen type Lhse bridge；rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders活动桥movable bridge竖旋桥bascule bridge平旋桥swing bridge升降桥lift bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge曲线桥curved bridge曲梁curved beam特大桥super maior bridge大桥major bridge中桥medium bridge小桥minor bridge单线桥single track bridge双线桥double track bridge多线桥multi-track bridge正桥；主桥main bridge引桥approach spans上承式桥deck bridge半穿式桥；中承式half through bridge；midheight deck bridge下承式桥through bridge双层桥double-deck bridge永久性桥permanent bridge临时性桥；便桥temporary bridge跨径；跨度span净跨clear span桥梁全长overall length of bridge桥下净空underneath clearance主梁中心距center to center distance betweenmain girder节间长度panel length梁高depth of girder拱度camber挠度deflection节间panel锚跨；锚孔anchor span悬跨；吊孔suspended span桥梁上部结构superstructure腹板web plate翼缘flange翼缘板flange plate弦杆chord member腹杆web member斜杆diagonal member竖杆vertical member吊杆suspender hanger加劲杆stiffener节点panel point节点板gusset plate拼接板splice plate缀条lacing bar缀板stay plate；tie plate侧向水平联结系lateral bracing横联sway bracing制动撑架braking bracing桥门架portal frame纵梁stringer横梁floor beam；transverse beam桥面系floor system端横梁end floor beam起重横梁jacking floor beam梁端缓冲梁auxiliary girder for controlling angle change应变时效strain ageing碳当量carbon equivalent钢丝steel wire钢丝束bundled steel wires钢绞线steel strand钢筋reinforcement；steel bar箍筋stirrup纵向钢筋longitudinal reinforcement弯起钢筋bent-up bar架立钢筋erection bar 构造钢筋constructional reinforcement预应力筋tendon套管sheath梁腋haunch拱圈arch ring拱肋arch rib拱顶rach crown拱矢rise of arch起拱点springing拱腹soffit拱腹线intrados拱背钱extrados桥塔bridge tower；pylon索平面cable plane缆索cable斜缆stay cable；inclined cable吊缆suspension cable索鞍cable saddle索夹cable band；cable clamp锚座socket锚碇anchorage明桥面open deck；ballastless deck；open floor 桥梁道碴槽ballast trough道碴桥面ballasted deck；ballasted floor桥梁护轨guard rall of bridge桥梁护木guard timber of bridge桥枕bridge tie；bridge sleeper桥上人行道sidewalk on bridge步行板foot plank避车台refuge platform伸缩缝expansion joint正交异性板orthotropic plate栏杆railing；handrail；handrailing泻水孔drainage opening直结轨道track fastened directly to steel girders 抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件shear connector支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expension bearing；movable bearing 平板支座plate bearing摇轴芝座rocker bearing滚轴支座roller bearing球面支座spherical bearing板式橡胶支座laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座pot rubber bearing聚四氯乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing；PTFE bearing涡流激振wortex-excited oscillation弛振galloping颤振flutter扰流板spoiler风嘴wind fairing桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge浮运架桥法bridge erection by floating架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching 拖拉架设法launching method赝架式架设法erection with scaffolding悬臂架设法catilever erection；erection by protrusion悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction；free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution；free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete预制混凝土构件precast concrete units；precast concrete members活动模架逐跨施工法segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller桥梁合龙closure就地贯注法cast-in-place method；cast-in-situ method活动吊篮travelling cradle顶进法jack-in method旋转法施工；转体施工erection by swing method 液压式张拉千斤顶hydraulic tensioning jack桥梁下部结构substructure桥台abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment锚定板式桥台anchor slab abutmentU形桥台U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall台身abutment body前墙front wall 台帽abutment coping翼墙wing wall锥体护坡quadrant revetment；truncated cone banking台后填方filling behind abutment桥墩pier空心桥墩hollow pier实体桥墩solid pier重力式桥墩gravity pier柔性桥墩flexible pier拼装式桥墩assembly pier；pier constructed with precast units制动墩braking pier柱式桥墩column pierV形桥墩V-shaped pier圆端形桥墩round-ended pier圆形桥墩circular pier矩形桥墩rectangular pier排架式桥墩pile bent pier墩身pier body；pier shaft墩帽pier coping围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment承台bearing platform破冰体ice apron；ice-breaking cutwater；ice guard地基foundation；foundation soil；subgrade 加固地基improved foundation；improved ground天然地基natural foundation；natural ground桥梁基础bridge foundation扩大基础spread foundation明挖基础open-cut foundation；open excavation foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation浮式沉井基础floating caisson foundation沉井刃脚cutting edge of open caisson围堰cofferdam双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation预制钢壳钻孔基础prefabricated steel shell bored foundation泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空气幕沉井法air curtain method for sinkingcaisson沉箱基础pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础tubular column foundation桩基础pile foundation预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile；cast-in-situ concrete pile螺旋喷射桩auger injected pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile钻孔桩bored pile挖孔桩dug pile钢桩steel pile钢管桩steel pipe pile钢板桩steel sheet pile板桩sheet pile木桩timber pile钢筋混凝土桩reinforced concrete pile砂桩sand pile挤密砂桩sand conpaction pile流砂quick sand；drift sand送桩pile follower试桩test pile斜桩batter pile；raking pile；spur pile护筒pile casting重锤夯实法heavy tamping method灰土换填夯实法mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping灌注水下混凝土underwater concreting；concreting with tremie method导流建筑物regulating structure丁坝；挑水坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam河床铺砌river bed paving码头wharf排架bent脚手架scaffold悬空脚手架hanging stage；hanging scaffold 七、铁路涵洞railway culvert 涵洞孔径aperture of culvert管涵pipe culvert箱涵box culvert拱涵arch culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert压力式涵洞outlet submerged culvert半压力式涵洞inlet submerged culvert明渠open channel；open ditch；open drain倒虹吸管inverted siphon潮汐河流tidal river淤积silting；siltation流冰ice drift铁路轮渡railway car ferries轮渡站ferry station轮渡栈桥ferry trestle bridge渡轮ferry boat轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道ferry slip八、铁路隧道railway tunnel 山岭隧道mountain tunnel越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道subway tunne；underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel；shallow burying tunnel深埋隧道deep tunnel；deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道single track tunnel双线隧道double track tunnel多线隧道multiple track tunnel车站隧道station tunnel地铁车站subway station；metro station特长隧道super long tunnel长隧道long tunnel中长隧道medium tunnel短隧道short tunnel隧道群tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口tunne ladit；tunnel opening隧道进口tunnel entrance隧道出口tunnel exit迎坡；正面坡front slope洞门tunnel portal洞门框tunnel portal frame端墙式洞门end wall tunnel portal柱式洞门post tunnel portal翼墙式洞门wing wall tunnel portal耳墙式洞门ear wall tunnel portal台阶式洞门bench tunnel portal正洞门orthonormal tunnel portal；straight tunnel portal斜洞门skew tunnel portal明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal；gallery portal衬砌lining拱圈arch边墙side wall仰拱invert；inverted arch底板floor 整体式衬砌integral lining装配式衬砌precast lining；prefabricated lining 模筑衬砌moulded lining洞口段衬砌lining of tunnel portal section偏压衬砌unsymmetrically loading lining；eccentrically compressed lining组合衬砌；复合衬砌composite lining初期支护primary support二次衬砌secondary lining隔离层isolation layer喷锚衬砌shorcrete bolt lining下锚段衬砌；接触网锚段衬砌anchor-section lining挤压混凝土衬砌extruding concrete tunnel lining 隔热层thermal insulation layer明洞open-cut tunnel；tunnel without cover；gallery拱形明洞arch open cut tunnel；arch tunnel without cover；arch gallery棚洞shed tunnel；shed gallery路堑式明洞cut-type open cut tunnel；cut-type tunnel without cover；cut-type gallery半路堑式明洞part cut-type open cut tunnel；part cut-type tunnel without cover；part cut-type gallery抗滑明洞anti-skid-type open cut tunnel；anti-skid-type tunnel without cover；anti-skid-type gallery盖板式棚洞slab shed tunnel；slab shed gallery 刚架式棚洞framed shed tunnel；framed shed gallery悬臂式棚洞cantilever shed tunnel；cantilever shed gallery隧道专家系统expert system of tunnel围岩surrounding rock围岩压力pressure of surrounding rock地层压力ground pressure；stratum pressure 松弛压力relaxation pressure形变压力deformation pressure围岩自承能力self-supporting capacity of surrounding rock坑道自稳时间self-stabilization time of tunnel弹性抗力elastic resistance灌浆压力grouting pressure。
铁路25个专业词汇汉英翻译
(钢结构)螺栓连接bolted connection (木结构)螺栓连接bolted joint V形墩V-shaped pier V形斜撑V-shaped inclined strut 安装预应力prestressed 板slab 板材plank; board 板系结构structural system composed of plate 板箱梁slab box beam 半自动焊接semi-automatic welding 拌合水mixing water 绑扎骨架tied framework 保险螺栓safetybolt 边跨径side span 变截面粱non—uniform cross—section beam 变形验算deformation analysis 泊松比Poisson’s ratio 不焊透对接焊缝partial penetrated butt weld 材料弹性模量elasticity modulus of materials 材料抗震强度设计值design value of earthquake-resistant strength of materials 材料力学性能mechanical properties of materials·材料强度设计值designvalue of material strength 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 承压型高强度螺栓连接，high—strength bolted bearing type join 承载力bearing capacity 承载能极限状态验证verification of ultimate limit states 承重结构bearing structure 承台pile cap 齿缝破坏saw-tooth joint failure 冲击韧性impact toughness 抽样方法method of sampling 抽样数量number of sampling 初凝时间presetting time 次梁secondary beam 脆性brittleness 脆性破坏brittle failure 大六角头高强度螺栓high—strength bolt with large hexagon bea 大偏心受压构件compression member with large eccentricity 大桥major bridge 单墩single pier 单个高强螺桂承载能力load—carrying capacity per high—strength holt 单个铆钉承载能力load—carrying capacity per rivet 单个普通螺栓承载能力load-carrying capacity per bolt单线桥single-track bridge单向板one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab‘‘弹性模量elastic modulus等截面 uniform section等截面粱uniform cross—section beam等效均布活荷载equivalent uniformly distributed live load·地震作用标准值characteristic value of earthquake action垫板padding plate; backfilling plate吊环hanger叠合式混凝土受弯构件superposed reinforced concrete flexural member叠接(搭接)lap connectlon钉有效长度effective length of nail短加劲肋short stiffener断面 deck/section断续焊缝intermittent weld对接butt joint; butt connection对接焊缝butt weld非破损检验non-destructive test分布钢筋distribution steel分布荷载distribution load风荷载标准值characteristi cvalue o fwindload风荷载体型系数shapefactorofwindload风压高度变化系数height variation factor of wind pressure风振系数wind fluttering factor浮桥pontoon bridge腐朽rot腹板web plate杆系结构structural system composed of bar刚弹性方案rigid-elastic analysis scheme刚度rigidity刚度比 ratio of rigidity刚构（刚架）桥rigid frame bridge刚架rigid frame刚接rigid connection刚性支座连续梁rigidly supported continous girder刚域rigid zone钢板steel plate钢板件steel plateelement钢材sted钢材(钢筋)抗拉(极限)强度tensile(ultimate) strength of steel钢材(钢筋)屈服强度(屈服点)yield strength (yield point) of steel钢材强度标准值characteristic value of strength of steel钢材强度等级strength classes of structural steel钢带steel strip钢构件变形容许值allowable value of deformation of steel member钢构件容许长细比allowable slenderness ratio of steel member钢构件外观检查visual examination of structural steel member钢管steel tube; steel pipe钢管结构steel tubular structure钢绞线strand钢筋reinforcing steel bar; steel bar钢筋保护层cover to reinforcement钢筋搭接bar splicing钢筋搭接长度lapped length of steel bar钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete（RC）钢筋混凝土结构reinforced concrete structure钢筋间距spacing of bars钢筋接头bar splice; joint of reinforcement钢筋可焊性weldability of steel bar钢筋拉应变限值allowable ultimate tensile strain of reinforcement钢筋锚固长度anchorage length of steel bar钢筋强度标准值characteristic value of strength of steel bar钢筋性能检验inspection for properties of steelbar钢丝steel wire钢纤维混凝土结构steel fiber reinforced concrete structure·钢支座steel support高架桥viaduct高强度螺栓high—strength bolt高强度螺栓的有效截面积etlectlve cross—section area of high-strength bolt·高强度螺栓连接high—strength bolted connection高强螺栓连接钢结构high—strength holted steel slsteel structure工字形箱 H-shaped box公路铁路两用桥combined bridge;highway and railway transit bridge 拱桥arch bridge构件变形容许值allowable value of deformation of structural member 构件承载能力计算calculation of load-carrying capacity of member构件承载能力设计值design value of load—carrying capacity of members·构件刚度stiffness of structural member构件抗剪刚度shearing stiffness of member构件抗拉(抗压)刚度tensile(compressive) stiffness of member构件抗扭刚度torsional stiffness of member构件抗弯刚度flexural stiffness of member构件挠度容许值allowable value of deflection of structural member 构件外观检查visual examination of structural member构件性能检验test for properties of concrete structural members构造construction构造配筋detailing reintorcement构造要求detailing requirements箍筋hoop; stirrup; hoop reinforcement箍筋间距spacing of stirrups; stirrup spacing箍筋肢距spacing of stirrup legs光圆钢丝round wire龟裂map cracking滚轴支座rolle rsupport含水率moisture content焊缝weld焊缝连接welding connection·焊缝外观检查visual examination of weld焊缝无损检验non-destructive inspection of weld焊缝质量级别quality grade of weld焊根weld roof焊剂welding flux焊接钢管welded steel pipe焊接钢结构welded steel strueture焊接钢梁welded steel beam; welded steel girder焊接骨架welded framework焊接裂纹weld crack焊接缺陷weld defects焊瘤overlap焊丝welding wire焊条welding rod焊趾weld toe荷载load桁架拱trussed rafter桁架桥trussed bridge横隔板diaphragm横截面cross section横向分布钢筋transversely distributed steelbar横向焊缝transverse weld横向加劲肋transverse stiffener·横向水平支撑transverse horizontal bracing后张法预应力混凝土结构post—tensioned prestressed concrete structure 环形焊缝grith weld换算截面惯性矩second moment of area of tranformed section 换算截面面积area of transformed section换算截面模量section modulus of transformed section混合砂浆composite mortar混凝土concrete混凝土保护层厚度thickness of concrete cover混凝土弹性模量modulus of elasticity of concrete混凝土极限压应变ultimate compressive strain of concrete’”混凝土强度等级strength classes(grades) of concrete混凝土深梁reinforced concrete deep beam混凝土收缩shrinkage of concrete混凝土双向板two—way reinforced (or prestressed) concrete slab 混凝土徐变creep of concrete活荷载折减系数reducing coefficient of liveload基本风压wind reference pressure基础foundation集中荷载concentrated load计算长度effective length计算高度effective height计算跨度effective span加劲肋stiffener加劲肋外伸宽度outstanding width of stiffener加腋梁hunched beam加载loading架桥机/造桥机launching gantry, erection gantry夹具grip剪跨比ratio of shear span to effective depth of section剪力shear剪面shear plane剪面长度length of shear plane剪面面积area of shear plane剪切变形shear deformation剪切模量shear modulus简支梁simple beam简支梁桥simple supported girder bridge键连接key joint浇注pouring浇注混凝土concreting角焊缝fillet weld角焊缝焊脚尺寸leg size of fillet weld角焊缝有效厚度effective thickness of fillet weld角焊缝有效计算长度effective length of fillet weld铰接hinged connection铰轴支座hinge support结构优化设计 optimum design of structures-program截面尺寸限值limiting value for sectional dimension截面刚度rigidity of section截面剪变刚度shearing rigidity of section截面拉伸(压缩)刚度tensile(compressive) rigidity of section截面面积area of section 截面扭转刚度torsional rigidity of section 截面弯曲刚度flexural rigidity of section 截面有效高度effective depth of section 界限偏心距balanced eccentricity 界限受压区高度balanced depth of compression zone 净高lnet height 净跨度net span 净水灰比net water ／cementratio 静定结构statically determinate structure 局部抗压强度提高系数enhanced coefficient of local bearing strength of materials·开合桥movable bridge 抗冻融性resistance to freezing and thawing 抗扭强度torsional strength; tensile strength 抗倾覆、滑移验算overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗渗性impermeability; resistance to water penetration 抗弯强度bending strength 抗压强度compressive strength 抗震构造要求earthquake-resistant detailing requirements 抗震设计earthquake-resistant design 可变作用标准值characteristic value of variable action 可靠性reliability 刻痕钢丝indented wire 空间结构space structure 空间性能影响系数influence coefficient for spacial action 空心板梁hollow slab beam 跨度span 跨高比span-to-depth ratio 跨线（立交）桥grade separated bridge;overpass bridge 跨越spanning 跨中荷载midspan load 块体强度等级strength classes of masonry units 块体性能检验inspection for properties of masnory units 框架结构frame structure 框架桥frame bridge 拉结钢筋steel tie; tie bar 拉力tension 冷拉钢筋cold drawn bar 冷拉钢丝cold drawn wire 冷弯试验cold bend inspection of steelbar 冷轧带肋钢筋cold-rolled deformed bar 连续多跨Multi-spans continuous 连续梁桥continuous girder bridge梁beam两边支承板two sides(edges) supported plate裂缝fissure; crack裂缝宽度容许值allowable value of crack width裂环连接split ringjoint露筋reveal of reinforcement螺栓bolt螺栓(或高强度螺栓)有效直径effective diameter of bolt or high-strength bolt·螺栓连接钢结构bolted steel structure螺栓连接斜纹承压强度降低系数(reducing coefficient of compressive strength in sloping grain for bolted connection螺栓连接质量检验quality inspection of bolted connection螺栓有效截面面积ettectlve cross-section area of bolt螺旋箍筋spiral stirrup螺旋形焊缝spiral weld漫水桥submersible bridge锚具anchorage铆钉rivet铆钉连接riveted connecction铆钉连接质量检验quality inspection of riveted connection铆接钢结构riveted steel structure铆接钢梁riveted steel beam铆接钢梁riveted steel girder密实度compaction模板 formwork摩擦型高强度螺栓连接high—strength bolted friction—type joint木材timber木材强度等级strength classes of structural timber木材顺纹强度strength of structural timber parallel to grain 木屋架timber roof truss内力重分布redistribution of internal force耐磨性resistance to abrasion挠度deflection凝结时间setting time扭剪型高强度螺栓tor-shear type high-strength bolt扭弯twist配筋率reinforcement ratio; ratio of reinforcement; percentage of reinforcement配筋砌体结构reinforced masonry structure疲劳强度fatigue strength疲劳容许应力幅allowable stress range of fatigue 偏心荷载eccentric load偏心距eccentric distance偏心距增大系数amplified coefficient of eccentricity偏心受压eccentric compression; eccentric tension 拼接 splice平截面假定plane hypothesis平面结构plane structure坡桥ramp bridge普通钢筋ordinary steel bar普通钢筋强度等级strength classes(grades) of steel bar普通混凝土ordinary concrete; normal concrete砌块block砌块砌体block masonry砌块砌体结构block masonry structure砌体masonry砌体材料最低强度等级minimum strength class of masonry砌体拉结钢筋steel tie bar for masonry砌体质量检验quality inspection of masonry强轴main axis强轴strongaxis桥bridge桥墩pier;buttress of a bridge桥跨结构（上部结构）bridge superstructure桥面系bridge floor system桥台abutment;bank pier桥下部结构bridge substructure桥支座bridge bearing;bridge support轻骨料混凝土light weight aggregate concrete屈服yield屈服点yield point屈服荷载yield load屈服极限limit of yielding屈服强度yield strength屈服强度下限lower limit of yield热处理钢筋heat tempering bar热轧带肋钢筋hot—rolled deformed bar热轧光圆钢筋hot—rolled plain bar热轧型钢hot-rolled section steel柔性连接flexible connection弱轴weak axis; secondary axis; minor axls塞焊缝plug weld三铰拱three hinged arch砂浆mortar砂浆保水性water retentivity of mortar砂浆配合比mix ratio of mortar砂浆强度等级strength classes of mortar 砂浆性能检验inspection for properties of mortar 设计荷载design load 设计强度design strength 伸长率elongation rate 生产控制manufacture control 施工阶段验算approval analysis during construction stage 石材stone 石砌体stone masonry 石砌体结构stone masonry structure 收缩shrinkage 手工焊接manual welding 受拉区tensile region 受力load-carrying capability 受弯构件member in bending 受弯木构件挠度容许值allowable value of deflection of timber bending member 受压构件承载能力影响系数influence coefficient for load—bearing capacity of compression member 受压构件计算面积calculating area of compression member 受压木构件容许长细比allowable slenderness ratio of timber compression member 受压区compressive region 受压区高度depth of compression zone 竖向支撑vertical bracing 双铰拱two hinged arch 双线桥double-track bridge 双向配筋two-way reinforcement 水灰比water ／cement ratio·水泥cement 水泥含量cement content 水泥砂浆cement mortar 水塔water tower 顺弯bow 四边支承板four sides(edges)supported plate 四角锥体网架square pyramid space grids 素混凝土non-reinforced concrete 素混凝土结构plain concrete structure 塑性plasticity 塑性铰plastic hinge·索塔（桥塔）bridge tower 塌陷excessive penetration 特大桥super major bridge 特种混凝上specified concrete 体积配筋率reinforcement ratio per unit volume铁路桥梁railway bridge透焊对接焊缝penetrated butt weld外力external force弯钩hook弯矩moment弯矩调幅系数moment modified factor弯起钢筋bent-up bar; bent-up steel bar弯桥curved bridge弯曲破坏bending failure未焊满incompletely filled groove未焊透incomplete penetration未溶合incomplete tusion位移displacement稳定计算stability calculation涡纹swirl grain无缝钢管seamless steel pipe; seamless steel tube无铰拱hlngeless arch无筋砌体构件masonry member无粘结预应力混凝土结构unbonded prestressed concrete structure系杆tie tod系梁tie beam， ‘先张法预应力混凝土结构pre—tensioned prestressed concrete structure·纤维混凝土fiber concrete现浇钢筋混凝土结构cast-in-place reinforced concrete现浇混凝土结构cast-in—situ concrete structure线膨胀系数linear expansion coeffcient小偏心受压构件compression member with small eccentricity 小桥minor bridge斜搭接scarf joint斜交桥skew bridge斜角角焊缝oblique—angle fillet weld斜截面obligue section; inclined section斜拉（斜张）桥cable stayed bridge斜向箍筋inclined stirrup型钢shaped steel; section steel徐变creep悬臂梁cantilever beam悬臂梁桥cantilever girder bridge悬挂结构suspended structure悬索space suspended cable悬索（吊）桥suspension bridge压力pressure延伸率percentage of elongation延性ductileity验收界限limit of acceptance翼缘板frange plate翼缘板外伸宽度outstanding width of flange引桥approach span应变strain应力stress应力集中concentration of stresses应力松弛stress relaxation应力图stress diagram应力应变曲线stress-strain curve应力状态state of stress永久作用标准值characteristic value of permanent action·有粘结预应力混凝土结构bonded prestressed concrete structure与水平线夹角 included angle with level line预拱度camber预埋件embeded parts预应筋松弛relaxation of prestressed tendon预应筋有效预应力值value of effective prestress预应力传递长度transmission length of prestress预应力钢结构prestressed steel structure预应力钢筋prestressed reinforcement预应力钢筋混凝土prestressed reinforced concrete预应力混凝土结构prestressed concrete structure预应力筋prestressed tendon预应力筋强度等级strength classes(grades) of prestressed tendon 预应力筋消压预应力值value of decompression prestress预应力损失loss of prestress预制板precast slab预制混凝土构件precast reinforced concrete member运梁台车bridge girder transporter轧制型钢梁rolled steel beam粘结力cohesive force正（主）桥main span正常使用极限状态验证verification of serviceability limit states· ”正交桥right bridge正截面normal section支承板bearing plate支承长度限值limiting value for supporting length支承加劲肋bearing stiffener支架 scaffoldings支座bearing直角角焊缝right-angle filletweld; orthogonal fillet weld中和轴高度depth of neutral axis 中间加劲肋intermediate stiffener 中跨径middle span 中桥medium bridge 终凝时间final setting time 轴向拉力axial tension; axial pressure 轴心受压构件稳定系数stability reduction coefficient of axially loaded compression 轴压比ratio of axial compressive force to axial compressive ultimate capacity of section 主梁main beam; grider 主梁截面girder section 柱column 砖砌体brick masonry 砖砌体结构brick masonry structure 砖砌体柱brick masonry column 装配式混凝土结构prefabricated concrete structure 装配式预制precast 纵向钢筋longitudinal steel bar 纵向焊缝longitudinal weld 纵向加劲肋longitudinal stiffener 纵向水平支撑longitude horizontal bracing 最优化optimization。
(完整word版)铁路专业中英文对照词汇
(完整word版)铁路专业中英文对照词汇铁路—专业词汇（中英对照版)elevated railway， overhead railway, aerial railway 高架铁路mine railway 矿区铁路funicular （railway) 缆索铁路，登山铁路light railway line 轻便铁道urban railway 市区铁路railway network 铁路网railway transport 铁路运输trial run 试车open to traffic 通车porter 搬运工人ticket inspector 查票员ticket 车票single ticket， oneway ticket 单程票return ticket， roundtrip ticket 来回票platform ticket 站台票railway station 车站station hall 车站大厅information desk 服务台waiting room 候车室passenger station 客车站time-table 时刻表arrival time-table 到站时刻表departure time-table 发车时刻表ticket-collector, gateman 收票员ticket office， booking office 售票处junction 枢纽站rail and water terminal 水陆联运站platform bridge 天桥luggage barrow 推行李车enquiry office， information desk 问讯处way station 小站label 行李标签luggage office 行李房left—luggage office 行李暂存处platform—ticket 验票口barrier 栅栏门platform 站台(electric） platform truck 站台车platform tunnel 站台地道platform roofing 站台顶棚station—master 站长terminal; terminus 终点站escalator 自动扶梯The train leaves the station at。
铁路专业词汇
铁路专业词汇铁路专业词汇铁路；铁道railway railroad铁路线railway line；railroad line铁路网railway network；railroad network铁道科学railway science铁路技术railway technology铁路等级railway classification国有铁路national railway；state railway地方铁路local railway；regional railway私有铁路private railway合资铁路joint investment railway；jointly owned railway标准轨铁路standard-gage railway窄轨铁路narrow-gage railway米轨铁路meter-gage railway宽轨铁路broad-gage railway单线铁路single track railway双线铁路double track railway多线铁路multiple track railway重载铁路heavy haul railway高速铁路high speed railway电气化铁路；电力铁路electrified railway；electric railway干线铁路main line railway；trunk railway市郊铁路suburban railway地下铁道；地铁subway；metro；underground railway工业企业铁路industry railway矿山铁路mine railway轻轨铁路light railway；light rail高架铁路elevated railway单轨铁路；独轨铁路monorail；monorail railway磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway；maglev森林铁路forest railway山区铁路mountain railway既有铁路existing railway新建铁路newly-built railway改建铁路reconstructed railway运营铁路railway in operation；operation；operating railway专用铁路special purpose railway干线trunk line；main line支线branch line铁路专用线railway special line货运专线railway line for freight traffic；freight special line；freight traffic only line 客运专线railway line for passenger traffic；passenger special line；passenger traffic onlyline客货运混合铁路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度；运营里程operation length of railway；operating distance；revenue length 列车运行图train diagram铁路建筑长度construction length of railway区间section区段district轨距rail gage；rail gauge轮重wheel load轴重axle load最大轴重maximum allowable axle load限制轴重axle load limited限界clearance；gauge限界图clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance；structure clearance for railway；railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance；fundamental structure gauge桥梁建筑限界bridge construction clearance；bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限tunnel construction clearance；tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界rolling stock clearance for railway；vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界loading clearance limit；loading gauge阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension；clearance limit for oversize commodities接触网限界clearance limt for overhead contract wire；clearance limit for overhead catenary system；overhead catenary system gauge列车与线路相互作用track-train interaction轮轨关系wheel-rail relation；wheel-rail interaction粘着系数adhesion coefficient车轮滑行wheel sliding；wheel skid车轮空转wheel slipping牵引种类kinds of traction；category of traction牵引方式mode of traction牵引定数tonnage rating；tonnage of traction装载系数loading coefficient速度speed持续速度continuous speed限制速度limited speed；speed restriction均衡速度balancing speed构造速度construction speed；design speed最高速度maximum speed临界速度critical speed重载列车heavy haul train高速列车high speed train超长超重列车exceptionally long and heavy train列车正面冲突train collision列车尾追train tail collision列车尾部防护train rear end protection伸缩运动fore and aft motion蛇行运动hunting；nosing列车压缩train running in列车拉伸train running out列车分离train separation列车颠覆train overturning列车动力学train dynamics列车空气动力学train acrodynamics机车车辆振动vibration of rolling stock纵向振动longitudinal vibration横向振动lateral vibration垂向振动vertical vibration摆滚振动rock-roll vibration浮沉振动bouncing；vibration测滚振动rolling ；vibration测摆振动swaying；vibration点头振动pitching；nodding摇头振动yawing；hunting机车车辆共振resonance of rolling stock机车车辆冲击impact of rolling纵向冲击longitudinal impact横向冲击lateral impact垂向冲击vertical impact货运站综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations at freight station行车指挥自动化automation of traffic control编组场综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations in marshalling yard铁路运营信息系统railway operation information system铁路数据交换系统railway data exchange system运营系统模拟simulation of operation system铁路法railway law铁道法规railway act铁路条例railway code铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technical operation综合运输comprehensive transport；multi-mode transport；intermode transport国际铁路联运international railway through traffic大陆桥；洲际铁路transcontinental railway；intercontinental railway；land-railway 国际联运协定agreement of international through traffic国际联运议定书protocol of international through traffic国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic铁路新线建设newly-built railway construction铁路技术改造technical reform of railway；technical renovation of railway；betterment and improvement of railway铁路主要技术条件main technical standard of railway；main techincal requirement of railway单位工程unit project分部工程part project分项工程item project预可行性研究pre-feasibility study项目建议书proposed task of project可行性研究feasibility study设计阶段design phase；design stage三阶段设计three-step design；three-phase design两阶段设计two-step design；two-phase design一阶段设计one-step design；one-phase design初步设计preliminary design技术设计technical design扩大初步设计enlarged preliminary design；expanded preliminary design施工图设计construction detail design；working-drawing design变更设计altered design设计概算apporximate estimate of design；budgetary estimate of design个别概算individual approximate estimate综合概算comprehensive approximate estimate总概算sum of approximate estimate；total estimate；summary estimate修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate；revised general estimate调整总概算adjusted sum of approximate estimate投资检算checking of investment预算定额rating of budget；rating form for budget概算定额rating of approximate estimate；rating form for estimate投资估算investment estimate估算指标index of estimate机械台班定额rating per machine per team；rating per machine-team工程直接费direct expense of project；direct cost of project工程间接费indirect expense of project；indirect cost of project工程预备费reserve fund of project设计鉴定certification of design；appraisal of design竣工决算final accounts of completed project铁路用地right-of-way铁路勘测railway reconnaissance调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation；investigation survey；investigation surveying and sketching地形调查topographic survey地貌调查topographic feature survey；geomorphologic survey地质调查geologic survey经济调查economic investigation；economic survey水文地质调查hydrogeologic survey土石成分调查survey of soil and rock composition土石物理力学性质physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock土石分类classificaion of soil and rock地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation；bearing capacity of ground；bearing of subgrade隧道围岩分级classification of tunnel surrounding rock地质图测绘survey and drawing of geological map；surveying and sketching of geological map勘探exploration；prospecting挖探excavation prospecting钻探boring；exploration drilling物探geophysical prospecting室内测试indoor test；laboratory test原位测试in situ test静力触探static sounding；static probing；cone penetration test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test标准贯入试验standard penetration test区域地质regional geology工程地质engineering geology不良地质unfavorable geology特殊地质special geology工程地质条件engineering geologic；requirement；engineering geologic condition气象资料meteorological data冻结深度freezing depth地震基本烈度basic intensity of earthquake；seismic basic intensity工程地质图engineering geological map地层柱状图column diagram of stratum；graphic logs of strata；drill log of stratum洪水调查flood survey河道调查river course survey冰凌调查ice floe survey；frazil ice survey汇水区流域特征调查survey of catchment basin characteristics水文断面hydrologic sectional drawing；dydrologic section；hydrologic cross-section 主河槽main river channel设计流速design current velocity设计高程；设计标高design elevation河流比降slope of river；comparable horizon of river历史洪水位historic flood level最高水位highest water level；HWL通航水位navigation water level；NWL桥涵水文hydrology of bridge and culvert水利半径hydraulic radius桥前壅水高度backwater height in front of bridge；top water level in front of bridge桥渡勘测设计survey and design of bridge crossing水面坡度slope of water surface水文测量hydrological survey泥石流流域catchment basin of debris flow分水岭watershed；dividing ridge汇水面积catchment area；water collecting area；drainage area洪水频率flood frequency设计流量design discharge设计水位design water level施工水位construction level；construction water level；working water level 设计洪水过程线designed flood hydrograph容许冲刷allowable scour一般冲刷general scour局部冲刷local scour；partial scour铁路测量railway survey线路踏勘；草测route reconnaissance初测preliminary survey定测location survey；alignment；final location survey导线测量traversing；traverse survey光电导线photoelectric traverse地形测量topographical survey横断面测量cross leveling；cross-section survey；cross-section leveling线路测量route survey；profile survey；longitudinal survey既有线测量；旧线测量survey of existing railway线路复测repetition survey of existing railway；resurvey of existing railway 测量精度survey precision；precision of survey均方差；中误差mean square error最大误差；极限误差maximum error；limiting error中线测量center line survey中线桩center line stake加桩additional stake；plus stake外移桩shift out stake；stake outward；offset stake水准点高程测量benchmark leveling中桩高程测量；中平center stake leveling曲线控制点curve control point放线setting-out of route；lay out of route交点intersection point副交点auxiliary intersection point转向角deflection angle分转向角auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角plane-coordinate azimuth象限角quadrantal angle经纬距plane rectangular coordinate断链broken chain投影断链projection of broken chain断高broken height铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测railway aerial photogrammetry铁路航空勘测railway aerial surveying航带设计flight strip design；design of flight strip铁路工程地质遥感remote sensing of railway engineering geology测段segment of survey航测选线aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry全球定位系统global positioning system；GPS像片索引图index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey；triangulation精密导线测量precise traverse survey；accurate traverse survey三角高程测量trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量ouside tunnel control survey隧道洞内控制测量in tunnel control survey；through survey隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal；geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量survey of bridge axis铁路选线railway location；approximate railway location；location of railway route selection平原地区选线location in plain region；plain location越岭选线location of mountain line；location of line in mountain region；location over mountain山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location；location of line of in mountain and valley region丘陵地段选线hilly land location；location of line on hilly land工程地质选线engineering geoligic location of line线间距distance between centers of tracks；midway between tracks车站分布distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison；route alternative投资回收期repayment period of capital cost纸上定线paper location of line缓坡地段section of easy grade；section of gentle slope紧坡地段section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段section of unsufficient grade；section fo insufficient grade导向线leading line；alignment guiding line拔起高度；克服高度height of lifting；lifting height；ascent of elevation横断面选线cross-section method of railway location；location with cross-section method；cross-section method for location of line展线extension of line；development of line；line development展线系数coefficient of extension line；coefficient of development line套线overlapping line线路平面图track plan；line plan线路纵断面图track profile；line profile站坪长度length of station site站坪坡度grade of station site控制区间control section；controlling section最小曲线半径minimum radius of curve圆曲线circular curve单曲线simple curve缓和曲线transition curve；easement curve；spiral transition curve缓和曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature；rate of transition curve复曲线compound curve同向曲线curves of same sense；adjacent curves in one direction反向曲线reverse curve；curve of opposite sense夹直线intermediate straight line；tangent between curves坡度grade；gradient；slope人字坡double spur grade限制坡度ruling grade；limiting grade加力牵引坡度pusher grade；assisting grade最大坡度maximum grade临界坡度critical grade长大坡度long steep grade；long heavy grade动力坡度momentum grade均衡坡度balanced grade有害地段harmful district无害地段harmless district变坡点point of gradient change；breake in grade坡段grade section坡段长度length of grade section坡度差algebraic difference between adjacent gradients竖曲线vertical curve分坡平段level stretch between opposite sign gradient缓和坡度slight grade；flat grade；easy grade起动缓坡flat gradient for starting加速缓坡easy gradient for acceleration；accelerating grade坡度折减compensation of gradient；gradient compensation；grade compensation 曲线折减compensation of curve；curve compesation隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel；compensation grade in tunnel 绕行地段detouring section；round section换侧；换边change side of double line容许应力设计法allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法plastic stage design method极限状态设计法limit state design method概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法probabilisatic limit state design method地震系数法seismic coefficient method路基subgrade；road bed；formation subgrade岩石路基rock subgrade渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade；pervious embankment非渗水土路基non-permeable soil subgrade；impervious embankment特殊土路基subgrade of special soil软土地区路基subgrade in soft soil zone；subgrade in soft；clay region泥沼地区路基subgrade in bog zone；subgrade in morass region；subgrade in swampland 膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基subgrade in swelling soil zone；subgrade in expansive soil region盐渍土地区路基subgrade in salty soil zone；subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soil zone特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition河滩路堤embankment on plain river beach滨河路堤embankment on river bank水库路基subgrade in reservoir；embankment crossing reservoir崩塌地段路基subgrade in rock fall district；subgrade in collapse zone岩堆地段路基subgrade in rock deposit zone；subgrade in talus zone；subgrade in scree zone滑坡地段路基subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基subgrade in karst zone洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone；subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone；subgrade in desert雪害地段路基subgrade in snow damage zone；subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基subgrade in debris flow zone路基横断面subgrade cross-section路基面subgrade surface；formation路基面宽度width of the subgrade surface；formation width路拱road crown；subgrade crown路肩Road shoulder；subgrade shoulder路肩高程formation level；shoulder level路堤embankment；fill路堑cut；road；cutting半堤半堑part-cut and part-fill section；cut and fill section基床subgrade bed；formation基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed；formation top layer；surface layer of subgrade 基床表层bottom layer of subgrade；formation base layer；bottom layer of subgrade bed 一般路基general subgrade；ordinary subgrade最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade；minimum height of fill临界高度critical height基底foundation base；base路堤边坡side slope of embankment；fill slope talus坡脚toe of side slope护道berm取土坑borrow pit路堤填料embankment fill material；embankment filler；filling material of embankment填料分类classification of filling material岩块填料rock block filler；rock filler；rock fill粗粒土填料coarse-grained soil filler；coarse-grained soil fill细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler；fine-grained soil fill压实标准compacting criteria相对密度relative density压实系数compacting factor；compacting coefficient最佳含水量optimum moisture content；best moisture content最佳密度optimum density；best density核子密度湿度测定determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承载板测定determination of bearing slab of subgrade预留沉落量reserve settlement；settlement allowance反压护道berm with superloading；berm for back pressure；counter swelling berm石灰砂桩lime sand pile换土change soil；soil replacement爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation；silt arresting by explosion；discharge of sedimentation by blasting抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation；packing sedimentation by throwing stones；packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路堑石方爆破rock cutting blasting；rock blasting in cut定向爆破directional blasting浅孔爆破shallow hole blasting深孔爆破deep hole blasting洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting；chamher blasting扬弃爆破abandoned blasting；abandonment blasting抛掷爆破pin-point blasting松动爆破blasting for loosening rock药壶爆破pot hole blasting裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting；contact blasting路堑边坡cutting slope；side slope of cut堑顶top of cutting slope；top of cutting路堑平台platform of cutting；berm in cutting弃土堆waste bank；bankette；spoil bank挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relieving platform；balanced type retaining wall锚定板挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retaining wall；anchored plate retaining wall加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall；reinforced soil retaining wall锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall；anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods管柱挡墙cylindrical shaft retaining wall沉井挡墙caisson retaining wall抗滑桩anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile护墙guard wall护坡slope protection；revertment；pitching排水沟weep drain；drainage ditch；drain ditch边沟；侧沟side ditch天沟gutter；overhead ditch；intercepting ditch吊沟suspended ditch跌水hydraulic drop截水沟intercepting ditch；catch-drain急流槽chute排水槽drainage channel渗水暗沟blind drain渗水隧洞leak tunnel；permeable tunnel；drainage tunnel渗井leaching well；seepage well渗管leaky pipe平孔排水horizontal hole drainage反滤层reverse filtration layer；inverted filter；protective filter 检查井inspection well；manhole砂井；排水砂井sand drain隔断层insulating course；insulating layer透水路堤pervious embankment；permeable embankment渗水路堤immerseable embankment排水砂垫层sand filled drainage layer；drainage sand blanker坡面防护slope protection护岸revetment；shore protection导流堤diversion dike拦石墙stone cut off wall；stone falling wall；buttree落石槽stone falling channel；trough for catching falling rocks 柴排firewood raft；mattress；willow fascine固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation挡风墙wind-break wall防风栅栏wind break fence砂土液化sand liquefaction中-活载CR-live loading；China railway standard loading桥梁标准活载standard live load for bridge桥梁荷载谱bridge load spectrum换算均布活载equivalent uniform live load设计荷载design load主力principal load恒载dead load土压力earth load静水压力hydrostatic pressure浮力buoyancy列车活载live load of train列车离心力centrifugal force of train列车冲击力；冲击荷载impact force of train冲击系数ceofficient of impact人行道荷载sidewalk loading附加力subsidiary load；secondary load列车制动力braking force of train列车牵引力tractive force of train风荷载wind load列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train流水压力pressure of water flow冰压力ice pressure冻胀力frost heaving force特殊荷载particular load船只或排筏的撞击力collision force of ship or raft地震力seismic force地震烈度earthquake intensity地震震级earthquake magnitude施工荷载constructional loading荷载组合loading conbination铁路桥railway bridge公铁两用桥combined bridge；combined highway and railway bridge；combined rail-cum-road bridge跨线桥；立交桥overpass bridge；grade separation bridge；flyover高架桥viaduct旱桥dry bridge人行桥foot bridge；pedestrian bridge圬工桥masonry bridge钢桥steel bridge铆接钢桥riveted steel bridge栓焊钢桥bolted and welded steel bridge全焊钢桥all welded steel bridge摩擦结合式高强度螺栓high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高强度螺栓torshear type high strength blot螺栓示功扳手bolt wrench with indicator混凝土桥concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder后张法预应力梁post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge结合梁桥composite beam bridge低高度梁shallow girder无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete；skeleton reinforced concrete girder简支梁桥simply supported beam bridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge板桥slab bridge空心板桥hollow slab bridge板梁plate girder工形梁I-beam箱形梁box girder槽形梁trough girder桁架truss拆装式桁架demountable truss刚架桥；刚构桥rigid frame bridge斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥strutted beam bridge；slant-legged rigid frame bridge悬板桥；悬带桥stressed ribbon bridge悬索桥；吊桥suspension bridge斜拉桥cable-stayed bridge浮桥pontoon bridge；floating bridge；bateau bridge拱桥arch bridge固端拱；无铰拱fixed-end arch双铰拱two-hinged arch三铰拱three-hinged arch实腹拱spandrel-filled arch；solid-spandrel arch空腹拱open-spandrel arch双曲拱two-way curved arch；cross-curved arch系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱tied arch榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥Langer bridge；flexible arch bridge with rigid tie洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Lohse bridge；rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders尼尔森桥Nielsen systen bridge尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsen type Lhse bridge；rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders活动桥movable bridge竖旋桥bascule bridge平旋桥swing bridge升降桥lift bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge曲线桥curved bridge曲梁curved beam特大桥super maior bridge大桥major bridge中桥medium bridge小桥minor bridge单线桥single track bridge双线桥double track bridge多线桥multi-track bridge正桥；主桥main bridge引桥approach spans上承式桥deck bridge半穿式桥；中承式half through bridge；midheight deck bridge 下承式桥through bridge双层桥double-deck bridge永久性桥permanent bridge临时性桥；便桥temporary bridge跨径；跨度span净跨clear spam桥梁全长overall length of bridge桥下净空underneath clearance主梁中心距center to center distance between main girder节间长度panel length梁高depth of girder拱度camber挠度deflection节间panel锚跨；锚孔anchor span悬跨；吊孔suspended span桥梁上部结构superstructure腹板web plate翼缘flange翼缘板flange plate弦杆chord member腹杆web member斜杆diagonal member竖杆vertical member吊杆suspender hanger加劲杆stiffener节点panel point节点板gusset plate拼接板splice plate缀条lacing bar缀板stay plate；tie plate侧向水平联结系lateral bracing横联sway bracing制动撑架braking bracing桥门架portal frame纵梁stringer横梁floor beam；transverse beam桥面系floor system端横梁end floor beam起重横梁jacking floor beam梁端缓冲梁auxiliary girder for controlling angle change 应变时效strain ageing碳当量carbon equivalent钢丝steel wire钢丝束bundled steel wires钢绞线steel strand钢筋reinforcement；steel bar箍筋stirrup纵向钢筋longitudinal reinforcement弯起钢筋bent-up bar架立钢筋erection bar构造钢筋constructional reinforcement预应力筋tendon套管sheath梁腋haunch拱圈arch ring拱肋arch rib拱顶rach crown拱矢rise of arch起拱点springing拱腹soffit拱腹线intrados拱背钱extrados桥塔bridge tower；pylon索平面cable plane缆索cable斜缆stay cable；inclined cable吊缆suspension cable索鞍cable saddle索夹cable band；cable clamp锚座socket锚碇anchorage明桥面open deck；ballastless deck；open floor桥梁道碴槽ballast trough道碴桥面ballasted deck；ballasted floor桥梁护轨guard rall of bridge桥梁护木guard timber of bridge桥枕bridge tie；bridge sleeper桥上人行道sidewalk on bridge步行板foot plank避车台refuge platform伸缩缝expansion joint正交异性板orthotropic plate栏杆railing；handrail；handrailing泻水孔drainage opening直结轨道track fastened directly to steel girders抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件shear connector支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expension bearing；movable bearing平板支座plate bearing摇轴芝座rocker bearing滚轴支座roller bearing球面支座spherical bearing板式橡胶支座laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座pot rubber bearing聚四氯乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing；PTFE bearing涡流激振wortex-excited oscillation弛振galloping颤振flutter扰流板spoiler风嘴wind fairing桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge浮运架桥法bridge erection by floating架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching拖拉架设法launching method赝架式架设法erection with scaffolding悬臂架设法catilever erection；erection by protrusion悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction；free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution；free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete预制混凝土构件precast concrete units；precast concrete members活动模架逐跨施工法segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller桥梁合龙closure就地贯注法cast-in-place method；cast-in-situ method活动吊篮travelling cradle顶进法jack-in method旋转法施工；转体施工erection by swing method液压式张拉千斤顶hydraulic tensioning jack桥梁下部结构substructure桥台abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment锚定板式桥台anchor slab abutmentU形桥台U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall台身abutment body前墙front wall台帽abutment coping翼墙wing wall锥体护坡quadrant revetment；truncated cone banking台后填方filling behind abutment桥墩pier空心桥墩hollow pier实体桥墩solid pier重力式桥墩gravity pier柔性桥墩flexible pier拼装式桥墩assembly pier；pier constructed with precast units制动墩braking pier柱式桥墩column pierV形桥墩V-shaped pier圆端形桥墩round-ended pier圆形桥墩circular pier矩形桥墩rectangular pier排架式桥墩pile bent pier墩身pier body；pier shaft墩帽pier coping围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment承台bearing platform破冰体ice apron；ice-breaking cutwater；ice guard地基foundation；foundation soil；subgrade加固地基improved foundation；improved ground天然地基natural foundation；natural ground桥梁基础bridge foundation扩大基础spread foundation明挖基础open-cut foundation；open excavation foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation浮式沉井基础floating caisson foundation沉井刃脚cutting edge of open caisson围堰cofferdam双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation 预制钢壳钻孔基础prefabricated steel shell bored foundation泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空气幕沉井法air curtain method for sinking caisson沉箱基础pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础tubular column foundation桩基础pile foundation预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile；cast-in-situ concrete pile螺旋喷射桩auger injected pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile钻孔桩bored pile挖孔桩dug pile钢桩steel pile钢管桩steel pipe pile钢板桩steel sheet pile板桩sheet pile木桩timber pile钢筋混凝土桩reinforced concrete pile砂桩sand pile挤密砂桩sand conpaction pile流砂quick sand；drift sand送桩pile follower试桩test pile斜桩batter pile；raking pile；spur pile护筒pile casting重锤夯实法heavy tamping method灰土换填夯实法mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping灌注水下混凝土underwater concreting；concreting with tremie method 导流建筑物regulating structure丁坝；挑水坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam河床铺砌river bed paving码头wharf排架bent脚手架scaffold悬空脚手架hanging stage；hanging scaffold铁路涵洞railway culvert涵洞孔径aperture of culvert管涵pipe culvert箱涵box culvert拱涵arch culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert压力式涵洞outlet submerged culvert半压力式涵洞inlet submerged culvert明渠open channel；open ditch；open drain倒虹吸管inverted siphon潮汐河流tidal river淤积silting；siltation流冰ice drift铁路轮渡railway car ferries轮渡站ferry station轮渡栈桥ferry trestle bridge渡轮ferry boat轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道ferry slip铁路隧道railway tunnel山岭隧道mountain tunnel越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道subway tunne；underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel；shallow burying tunnel 深埋隧道deep tunnel；deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道single track tunnel双线隧道double track tunnel多线隧道multiple track tunnel车站隧道station tunnel地铁车站subway station；metro station特长隧道super long tunnel长隧道long tunnel中长隧道medium tunnel短隧道short tunnel隧道群tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口tunne ladit；tunnel opening隧道进口tunnel entrance隧道出口tunnel exit迎坡；正面坡front slope洞门tunnel portal洞门框tunnel portal frame端墙式洞门end wall tunnel portal柱式洞门post tunnel portal翼墙式洞门wing wall tunnel portal耳墙式洞门ear wall tunnel portal台阶式洞门bench tunnel portal正洞门orthonormal tunnel portal；straight tunnel portal斜洞门skew tunnel portal明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal；gallery portal衬砌lining拱圈arch边墙side wall仰拱invert；inverted arch底板floor整体式衬砌integral lining装配式衬砌precast lining；prefabricated lining。
铁路英语专业词汇
资料铁路；铁道 railway railroad 铁路线 railway line ； railroad line 铁路网 railway network ； railroad network 铁道科学 railway science 铁路技术 railway technology 铁路等级 railway classification国有铁路 national railway ； state railway地方铁路 local railway ； regional railway私有铁路 private railway合资铁路 joint investment railway ； jointly owned railway标准轨铁路 standard-gage railway窄轨铁路 narrow-gage railway米轨铁路 meter-gage railway单线铁路 single track railway 双线铁路 double track railway 多线铁路 multiple track railway 重载铁路 heavy haul railway 高速铁路 high speed railway电气化铁路；电力铁路 electrified railway ； electric railway干线铁路 main line railway ； trunk railway 市郊铁路 suburban railway地下铁道；地铁 subway ； metro ； undergroundrailway工业企业铁路 industry railway 矿山铁路 mine railway轻轨铁路 light railway ； light rail高架铁路 elevated railway磁浮铁路 magnetic levitation railway ； maglev 森林铁路 forest railway 山区铁路 mountain railway 既有铁路 existing railway 新建铁路 newly-built railway 改建铁路 reconstructed railway运营铁路 railway in operation ； operation ； operating railway专用铁路 special purpose railway 干线 trunk line ； main line 支线 branch line铁路专用线 railway special line货运专线 railway line for freight traffic ； freight special line ； freight traffic only line客运专线 railway line for passenger traffic ； passengerspecial line；passenger traffic only line客货运混合铁路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度；运营里程operation length of railway；operating distance；revenue length列车运行图train diagram铁路建筑长度construction length of railway区间section区段district轨距rail gage；rail gauge轮重wheel load轴重axle load最大轴重maximum allowable axle load限制轴重axle load limited限界clearance；gauge限界图clearance diagram 铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance；structure clearance for railway；railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance；fundamental structure gauge桥梁建筑限界bridge construction clearance；bridgestructure gauge隧道建筑界限tunnel construction clearance；tunnelstructure gauge铁路机车车辆限界rolling stock clearance forrailway；vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界clearance limit for upper part ofrolling stock机车车辆下部限界clearance limit for lower part ofrolling stock装载限界loading clearance limit；loading gauge阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight withexceptional dimension；clearance limit for oversizecommodities接触网限界clearance limt for overhead contract wire；clearance limit for overhead catenary system；overheadcatenary system gauge列车与线路相互作用track-train interaction轮轨关系wheel-rail relation；wheel-rail interaction粘着系数adhesion coefficient车轮滑行wheel sliding；wheel skid车轮空转wheel slipping牵引种类kinds of traction；category of traction牵引方式mode of traction牵引定数tonnage rating；tonnage of traction装载系数loading coefficient速度speed持续速度continuous speed限制速度limited speed；speed restriction均衡速度balancing speed资料构造速度construction speed；design speed最高速度maximum speed临界速度critical speed重载列车heavy haul train高速列车high speed train超长超重列车exceptionally long and heavy train 列车正面冲突train collision列车尾追train tail collision列车尾部防护train rear end protection伸缩运动fore and aft motion蛇行运动hunting；nosing列车压缩train running in列车拉伸train running out列车分离train separation列车颠覆train overturning 列车动力学train dynamics列车空气动力学train acrodynamics机车车辆振动vibration of rolling stock纵向振动longitudinal vibration横向振动lateral vibration垂向振动vertical vibration摆滚振动rock-roll vibration浮沉振动bouncing；vibration测滚振动rolling ；vibration测摆振动swaying；vibration点头振动pitching；nodding摇头振动yawing；hunting机车车辆共振resonance of rolling stock机车车辆冲击impact of rolling纵向冲击longitudinal impact横向冲击lateral impact垂向冲击vertical impact货运站综合作业自动化automation of syntheticoperations at freight station行车指挥自动化automation of traffic control编组场综合作业自动化automation of syntheticoperations in marshalling yard铁路运营信息系统railway operation informationsystem铁路数据交换系统railway data exchange system运营系统模拟simulation of operation system铁路法railway law铁道法规railway act铁路条例railway code铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technicaloperation综合运输comprehensive transport；multi-mode资料transport；intermode transport国际铁路联运international railway through traffic大陆桥；洲际铁路transcontinental railway；intercontinental railway；land-railway国际联运协定agreement of international through traffic国际联运议定书protocol of international through traffic国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic铁路新线建设newly-built railway construction铁路技术改造technical reform of railway；technical renovation of railway；betterment and improvement of railway铁路主要技术条件main technical standard of railway；main techincal requirement of railway单位工程unit project 分部工程part project分项工程item project预可行性研究pre-feasibility study项目建议书proposed task of project可行性研究feasibility study设计阶段design phase；design stage三阶段设计three-step design；three-phase design两阶段设计two-step design；two-phase design一阶段设计one-step design；one-phase design初步设计preliminary design技术设计technical design扩大初步设计enlarged preliminary design；expandedpreliminary design施工图设计construction detail design；working-drawing design变更设计altered design设计概算apporximate estimate of design；budgetaryestimate of design个别概算individual approximate estimate综合概算comprehensive approximate estimate总概算sum of approximate estimate；total estimate；summary estimate修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate；revised general estimate调整总概算adjusted sum of approximate estimate投资检算checking of investment预算定额rating of budget；rating form for budget概算定额rating of approximate estimate；rating formfor estimate投资估算investment estimate估算指标index of estimate机械台班定额rating per machine per team；rating permachine-team工程直接费direct expense of project；direct cost of资料..资料project工程间接费 indirect expense of project ； indirect cost of project工程预备费 reserve fund of project设计鉴定 certification of design ； appraisal of design竣工决算 final accounts of completed project铁路用地 right-of-way铁路勘测 railway reconnaissance调查测绘 survey and drawing of investigation ； investigation survey ； investigation surveying and sketching地形调查 topographic survey地貌调查 topographic feature survey ； geomorphologic survey 地质调查 geologic survey经济调查 economic investigation ； economic survey水文地质调查 hydrogeologic survey土石成分调查 survey of soil and rock composition 土石物理力学性质 physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock土石分类 classificaion of soil and rock地基承载力 bearing capacity of foundation ； bearingcapacity of ground ； bearing of subgrade隧道围岩分级 classification of tunnel surroundingrock地质图测绘 survey and drawing of geological map ； surveying and sketching of geological map 勘探 exploration ； prospecting 挖探 excavation prospecting钻探 boring ； exploration drilling 物探 geophysical prospecting室内测试 indoor test ； laboratory test原位测试 in situ test静力触探 static sounding ； static probing ； conepenetration test动力触探试验 dynamic penetration test 标准贯入试验 standard penetration test 区域地质 regional geology 工程地质 engineering geology 不良地质 unfavorable geology 特殊地质 special geology工程地质条件 engineering geologic ； requirement ； engineering geologic condition 气象资料 meteorological data 冻结深度 freezing depth地震基本烈度 basic intensity of earthquake ； seismicbasic intensity工程地质图 engineering geological map地层柱状图 column diagram of stratum ； graphic logs of strata ； drill log of stratum 洪水调查 flood survey河道调查river course survey冰凌调查ice floe survey；frazil ice survey汇水区流域特征调查survey of catchment basin characteristics水文断面hydrologic sectional drawing；dydrologic section；hydrologic cross-section主河槽main river channel设计流速design current velocity设计高程；设计标高design elevation河流比降slope of river；comparable horizon of river 历史洪水位historic flood level最高水位highest water level；HWL通航水位navigation water level；NWL桥涵水文hydrology of bridge and culvert水利半径hydraulic radius桥前壅水高度backwater height in front of bridge；top water level in front of bridge桥渡勘测设计survey and design of bridge crossing水面坡度slope of water surface水文测量hydrological survey泥石流流域catchment basin of debris flow分水岭watershed；dividing ridge汇水面积catchment area；water collecting area；drainage area洪水频率flood frequency设计流量design discharge设计水位design water level施工水位construction level；construction waterlevel；working water level设计洪水过程线designed flood hydrograph容许冲刷allowable scour一般冲刷general scour局部冲刷local scour；partial scour铁路测量railway survey线路踏勘；草测route reconnaissance初测preliminary survey定测location survey；alignment；final locationsurvey导线测量traversing；traverse survey光电导线photoelectric traverse地形测量topographical survey横断面测量cross leveling；cross-section survey；cross-section leveling线路测量route survey；profile survey；longitudinalsurvey既有线测量；旧线测量survey of existing railway线路复测repetition survey of existing railway；resurvey of existing railway测量精度survey precision；precision of survey资料均方差；中误差mean square error最大误差；极限误差maximum error；limiting error 中线测量center line survey中线桩center line stake加桩additional stake；plus stake外移桩shift out stake；stake outward；offset stake 水准点高程测量benchmark leveling中桩高程测量；中平center stake leveling曲线控制点curve control point放线setting-out of route；lay out of route交点intersection point副交点auxiliary intersection point转向角deflection angle分转向角auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角plane-coordinate azimuth 象限角quadrantal angle经纬距plane rectangular coordinate断链broken chain投影断链projection of broken chain断高broken height铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测railway aerialphotogrammetry铁路航空勘测railway aerial surveying航带设计flight strip design；design of flight strip铁路工程地质遥感remote sensing of railwayengineering geology测段segment of survey航测选线aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry全球定位系统global positioning system；GPS像片索引图index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey；triangulation精密导线测量precise traverse survey；accuratetraverse survey三角高程测量trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量ouside tunnel control survey隧道洞内控制测量in tunnel control survey；throughsurvey隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal；geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量survey of bridge axis铁路选线railway location；approximate railwaylocation；location of railway route selection平原地区选线location in plain region；plain location越岭选线location of mountain line；location of line inmountain region；location over mountain山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location；location of line of in mountain and valley region资料丘陵地段选线hilly land location；location of line on hilly land工程地质选线engineering geoligic location of line线间距distance between centers of tracks；midway between tracks车站分布distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison；route alternative投资回收期repayment period of capital cost纸上定线paper location of line缓坡地段section of easy grade；section of gentle slope紧坡地段section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段section of unsufficient grade；section fo insufficient grade导向线leading line；alignment guiding line拔起高度；克服高度height of lifting；lifting height；ascent of elevation横断面选线cross-section method of railway location；location with cross-section method；cross-sectionmethod for location of line展线extension of line；development of line；linedevelopment展线系数coefficient of extension line；coefficient ofdevelopment line套线overlapping line线路平面图track plan；line plan线路纵断面图track profile；line profile站坪长度length of station site站坪坡度grade of station site控制区间control section；controlling section最小曲线半径minimum radius of curve圆曲线circular curve单曲线simple curve缓和曲线transition curve；easement curve；spiraltransition curve缓和曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature；rateof transition curve复曲线compound curve同向曲线curves of same sense；adjacent curves inone direction反向曲线reverse curve；curve of opposite sense夹直线intermediate straight line；tangent betweencurves坡度grade；gradient；slope人字坡double spur grade限制坡度ruling grade；limiting grade加力牵引坡度pusher grade；assisting grade最大坡度maximum grade临界坡度critical grade长大坡度long steep grade；long heavy grade动力坡度momentum grade均衡坡度balanced grade资料有害地段harmful district无害地段harmless district变坡点point of gradient change；breake in grade坡段grade section坡段长度length of grade section坡度差algebraic difference between adjacent gradients 竖曲线vertical curve分坡平段level stretch between opposite sign gradient 缓和坡度slight grade；flat grade；easy grade起动缓坡flat gradient for starting加速缓坡easy gradient for acceleration；accelerating grade坡度折减compensation of gradient；gradient compensation；grade compensation曲线折减compensation of curve；curve compesation 隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel；compensation grade in tunnel绕行地段detouring section；round section换侧；换边change side of double line容许应力设计法allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法plastic stage design method极限状态设计法limit state design method概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法probabilisaticlimit state design method地震系数法seismic coefficient method路基subgrade；road bed；formation subgrade岩石路基rock subgrade渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade；perviousembankment非渗水土路基non-permeable soil subgrade；impervious embankment特殊土路基subgrade of special soil软土地区路基subgrade in soft soil zone；subgrade insoft；clay region泥沼地区路基subgrade in bog zone；subgrade inmorass region；subgrade in swampland膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基subgrade in swellingsoil zone；subgrade in expansive soil region盐渍土地区路基subgrade in salty soil zone；subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soil zone特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition河滩路堤embankment on plain river beach滨河路堤embankment on river bank水库路基subgrade in reservoir；embankmentcrossing reservoir崩塌地段路基subgrade in rock fall district；subgradein collapse zone岩堆地段路基subgrade in rock deposit zone；subgrade in talus zone；subgrade in scree zone资料滑坡地段路基subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基subgrade in karst zone洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone；subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone；subgrade in desert雪害地段路基subgrade in snow damage zone；subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基subgrade in debris flow zone路基横断面subgrade cross-section路基面subgrade surface；formation路基面宽度width of the subgrade surface；formation width路拱road crown；subgrade crown路肩Road shoulder；subgrade shoulder路肩高程formation level；shoulder level路堤embankment；fill 路堑cut；road；cutting半堤半堑part-cut and part-fill section；cut and fillsection基床subgrade bed；formation基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed；formationtop layer；surface layer of subgrade基床表层bottom layer of subgrade；formation baselayer；bottom layer of subgrade bed一般路基general subgrade；ordinary subgrade最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade；minimum height of fill临界高度critical height基底foundation base；base路堤边坡side slope of embankment；fill slope talus坡脚toe of side slope护道berm取土坑borrow pit路堤填料embankment fill material；embankmentfiller；filling material of embankment填料分类classification of filling material岩块填料rock block filler；rock filler；rock fill粗粒土填料coarse-grained soil filler；coarse-grainedsoil fill细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler；fine-grained soilfill压实标准compacting criteria相对密度relative density压实系数compacting factor；compacting coefficient最佳含水量optimum moisture content；best moisturecontent最佳密度optimum density；best density核子密度湿度测定determination of nucleardensity-moisture资料路基承载板测定determination of bearing slab of subgrade预留沉落量reserve settlement；settlement allowance 反压护道berm with superloading；berm for back pressure；counter swelling berm石灰砂桩lime sand pile换土change soil；soil replacement爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation；silt arresting by explosion；discharge of sedimentation by blasting抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation；packing sedimentation by throwing stones；packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路堑石方爆破rock cutting blasting；rock blasting in cut定向爆破directional blasting浅孔爆破shallow hole blasting 深孔爆破deep hole blasting洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting；chamher blasting扬弃爆破abandoned blasting；abandonment blasting抛掷爆破pin-point blasting松动爆破blasting for loosening rock药壶爆破pot hole blasting裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting；contact blasting路堑边坡cutting slope；side slope of cut堑顶top of cutting slope；top of cutting路堑平台platform of cutting；berm in cutting弃土堆waste bank；bankette；spoil bank挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall；gravityretaining wall with relieving platform；balanced typeretaining wall锚定板挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retaining wall；anchored plateretaining wall加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall；reinforced soil retaining wall锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall；anchoragedretaining wall by tie rods管柱挡墙cylindrical shaft retaining wall沉井挡墙caisson retaining wall抗滑桩anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile护墙guard wall护坡slope protection；revertment；pitching排水沟weep drain；drainage ditch；drain ditch边沟；侧沟side ditch天沟gutter；overhead ditch；intercepting ditch吊沟suspended ditch资料跌水hydraulic drop截水沟intercepting ditch；catch-drain急流槽chute排水槽drainage channel渗水暗沟blind drain渗水隧洞leak tunnel；permeable tunnel；drainage tunnel渗井leaching well；seepage well渗管leaky pipe平孔排水horizontal hole drainage反滤层reverse filtration layer；inverted filter；protective filter检查井inspection well；manhole砂井；排水砂井sand drain隔断层insulating course；insulating layer透水路堤pervious embankment；permeable embankment渗水路堤immerseable embankment排水砂垫层sand filled drainage layer；drainage sandblanker坡面防护slope protection护岸revetment；shore protection导流堤diversion dike拦石墙stone cut off wall；stone falling wall；buttree落石槽stone falling channel；trough for catchingfalling rocks柴排firewood raft；mattress；willow fascine固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation挡风墙wind-break wall防风栅栏wind break fence砂土液化sand liquefaction中-活载CR-live loading；China railway standardloading桥梁标准活载standard live load for bridge桥梁荷载谱bridge load spectrum换算均布活载equivalent uniform live load设计荷载design load主力principal load恒载dead load土压力earth load静水压力hydrostatic pressure浮力buoyancy列车活载live load of train列车离心力centrifugal force of train列车冲击力；冲击荷载impact force of train冲击系数ceofficient of impact人行道荷载sidewalk loading附加力subsidiary load；secondary load资料列车制动力braking force of train列车牵引力tractive force of train风荷载wind load列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train流水压力pressure of water flow冰压力ice pressure冻胀力frost heaving force特殊荷载particular load船只或排筏的撞击力collision force of ship or raft 地震力seismic force地震烈度earthquake intensity地震震级earthquake magnitude施工荷载constructional loading荷载组合loading conbination铁路桥railway bridge 公铁两用桥combined bridge；combined highway andrailway bridge；combined rail-cum-road bridge跨线桥；立交桥overpass bridge；grade separationbridge；flyover高架桥viaduct旱桥dry bridge人行桥foot bridge；pedestrian bridge圬工桥masonry bridge钢桥steel bridge铆接钢桥riveted steel bridge栓焊钢桥bolted and welded steel bridge全焊钢桥all welded steel bridge摩擦结合式高强度螺栓high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高强度螺栓torshear type high strength blot螺栓示功扳手bolt wrench with indicator混凝土桥concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concretegirder后张法预应力梁post-tensioned prestressed concretegirder部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concretebridge结合梁桥composite beam bridge低高度梁shallow girder无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁girder with rolledsteel section encased in concrete；skeleton reinforcedconcrete girder简支梁桥simply supported beam bridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge资料悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge板桥slab bridge空心板桥hollow slab bridge板梁plate girder工形梁I-beam箱形梁box girder槽形梁trough girder桁架truss拆装式桁架demountable truss刚架桥；刚构桥rigid frame bridge斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥strutted beam bridge；slant-legged rigid frame bridge悬板桥；悬带桥stressed ribbon bridge悬索桥；吊桥suspension bridge斜拉桥cable-stayed bridge浮桥pontoon bridge；floating bridge；bateau bridge 拱桥arch bridge固端拱；无铰拱fixed-end arch双铰拱two-hinged arch三铰拱three-hinged arch实腹拱spandrel-filled arch；solid-spandrel arch空腹拱open-spandrel arch双曲拱two-way curved arch；cross-curved arch系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱tied arch榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥Langer bridge；flexible arch bridge with rigid tie洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Lohse bridge；rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders尼尔森桥Nielsen systen bridge尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsentype Lhse bridge；rigid arch bridge with fighd tie andinclined suspenders活动桥movable bridge竖旋桥bascule bridge平旋桥swing bridge升降桥lift bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge曲线桥curved bridge曲梁curved beam特大桥super maior bridge大桥major bridge中桥medium bridge小桥minor bridge单线桥single track bridge双线桥double track bridge多线桥multi-track bridge正桥；主桥main bridge资料引桥approach spans上承式桥deck bridge半穿式桥；中承式half through bridge；midheight deck bridge下承式桥through bridge双层桥double-deck bridge永久性桥permanent bridge临时性桥；便桥temporary bridge跨径；跨度span净跨clear spam桥梁全长overall length of bridge桥下净空underneath clearance主梁中心距center to center distance between main girder节间长度panel length梁高depth of girder 拱度camber挠度deflection节间panel锚跨；锚孔anchor span悬跨；吊孔suspended span桥梁上部结构superstructure腹板web plate翼缘flange翼缘板flange plate弦杆chord member腹杆web member斜杆diagonal member竖杆vertical member吊杆suspender hanger加劲杆stiffener节点panel point节点板gusset plate拼接板splice plate缀条lacing bar缀板stay plate；tie plate侧向水平联结系lateral bracing横联sway bracing制动撑架braking bracing桥门架portal frame纵梁stringer横梁floor beam；transverse beam桥面系floor system端横梁end floor beam起重横梁jacking floor beam梁端缓冲梁auxiliary girder for controlling angle资料..资料change应变时效 strain ageing碳当量 carbon equivalent钢丝 steel wire钢丝束 bundled steel wires钢绞线 steel strand钢筋 reinforcement ； steel bar箍筋 stirrup纵向钢筋 longitudinal reinforcement弯起钢筋 bent-up bar架立钢筋 erection bar构造钢筋 constructional reinforcement预应力筋 tendon套管 sheath梁腋 haunch拱圈 arch ring拱肋 arch rib 拱顶 rach crown拱矢 rise of arch起拱点 springing拱腹 soffit拱腹线 intrados拱背钱 extrados桥塔 bridge tower ； pylon索平面 cable plane缆索 cable斜缆 stay cable ； inclined cable吊缆 suspension cable索鞍 cable saddle索夹 cable band ； cable clamp锚座 socket锚碇 anchorage明桥面 open deck ； ballastless deck ； open floor 桥梁道碴槽 ballast trough道碴桥面 ballasted deck ； ballasted floor 桥梁护轨 guard rall of bridge 桥梁护木 guard timber of bridge 桥枕 bridge tie ； bridge sleeper 桥上人行道 sidewalk on bridge 步行板 foot plank 避车台 refuge platform 伸缩缝 expansion joint 正交异性板 orthotropic plate 栏杆 railing ； handrail ； handrailing 泻水孔 drainage opening直结轨道 track fastened directly to steel girders抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件shear connector支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expension bearing；movable bearing平板支座plate bearing摇轴芝座rocker bearing滚轴支座roller bearing球面支座spherical bearing板式橡胶支座laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座pot rubber bearing聚四氯乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing；PTFE bearing涡流激振wortex-excited oscillation弛振galloping颤振flutter扰流板spoiler 风嘴wind fairing桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge浮运架桥法bridge erection by floating架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erectingequipment顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching拖拉架设法launching method赝架式架设法erection with scaffolding悬臂架设法catilever erection；erection by protrusion悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction；freecantilever segmental concreting with suspendedformwork悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution；freecantilever erection with segments of precast concrete预制混凝土构件precast concrete units；precastconcrete members活动模架逐跨施工法segmental span-by-spanconstruction using form traveller桥梁合龙closure就地贯注法cast-in-place method；cast-in-situ method活动吊篮travelling cradle顶进法jack-in method旋转法施工；转体施工erection by swing method液压式张拉千斤顶hydraulic tensioning jack桥梁下部结构substructure桥台abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment锚定板式桥台anchor slab abutmentU形桥台U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall台身abutment body前墙front wall资料台帽abutment coping翼墙wing wall锥体护坡quadrant revetment；truncated cone banking 台后填方filling behind abutment桥墩pier空心桥墩hollow pier实体桥墩solid pier重力式桥墩gravity pier柔性桥墩flexible pier拼装式桥墩assembly pier；pier constructed with precast units制动墩braking pier柱式桥墩column pierV形桥墩V-shaped pier圆端形桥墩round-ended pier圆形桥墩circular pier 矩形桥墩rectangular pier排架式桥墩pile bent pier墩身pier body；pier shaft墩帽pier coping围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment承台bearing platform破冰体ice apron；ice-breaking cutwater；ice guard地基foundation；foundation soil；subgrade加固地基improved foundation；improved ground天然地基natural foundation；natural ground桥梁基础bridge foundation扩大基础spread foundation明挖基础open-cut foundation；open excavationfoundation沉井基础open caisson foundation浮式沉井基础floating caisson foundation沉井刃脚cutting edge of open caisson围堰cofferdam双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdambored foundation预制钢壳钻孔基础prefabricated steel shell boredfoundation泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空气幕沉井法air curtain method for sinking caisson沉箱基础pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础tubular column foundation桩基础pile foundation预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile；cast-in-situconcrete pile螺旋喷射桩auger injected pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile资料钻孔桩bored pile挖孔桩dug pile钢桩steel pile钢管桩steel pipe pile钢板桩steel sheet pile板桩sheet pile木桩timber pile钢筋混凝土桩reinforced concrete pile砂桩sand pile挤密砂桩sand conpaction pile流砂quick sand；drift sand送桩pile follower试桩test pile斜桩batter pile；raking pile；spur pile 护筒pile casting 重锤夯实法heavy tamping method灰土换填夯实法mothod of lime-soil replacement andtamping灌注水下混凝土underwater concreting；concretingwith tremie method导流建筑物regulating structure丁坝；挑水坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam河床铺砌river bed paving码头wharf排架bent脚手架scaffold悬空脚手架hanging stage；hanging scaffold铁路涵洞railway culvert涵洞孔径aperture of culvert管涵pipe culvert箱涵box culvert拱涵arch culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert压力式涵洞outlet submerged culvert半压力式涵洞inlet submerged culvert明渠open channel；open ditch；open drain倒虹吸管inverted siphon潮汐河流tidal river淤积silting；siltation流冰ice drift铁路轮渡railway car ferries轮渡站ferry station轮渡栈桥ferry trestle bridge渡轮ferry boat资料轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道ferry slip铁路隧道railway tunnel山岭隧道mountain tunnel越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道subway tunne；underground railway tunnel 浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel；shallow burying tunnel深埋隧道deep tunnel；deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道single track tunnel双线隧道double track tunnel多线隧道multiple track tunnel车站隧道station tunnel地铁车站subway station；metro station特长隧道super long tunnel 长隧道long tunnel中长隧道medium tunnel短隧道short tunnel隧道群tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口tunne ladit；tunnel opening隧道进口tunnel entrance隧道出口tunnel exit迎坡；正面坡front slope洞门tunnel portal洞门框tunnel portal frame端墙式洞门end wall tunnel portal柱式洞门post tunnel portal翼墙式洞门wing wall tunnel portal耳墙式洞门ear wall tunnel portal台阶式洞门bench tunnel portal正洞门orthonormal tunnel portal；straight tunnelportal斜洞门skew tunnel portal明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal；gallery portal衬砌lining拱圈arch边墙side wall仰拱invert；inverted arch底板floor整体式衬砌integral lining装配式衬砌precast lining；prefabricated lining模筑衬砌moulded lining洞口段衬砌lining of tunnel portal section偏压衬砌unsymmetrically loading lining；eccentrically compressed lining资料。
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(钢结构)螺栓连接bolted connection (木结构)螺栓连接bolted joint V形墩V-shaped pier V形斜撑V-shaped inclined strut 安装预应力prestressed 板slab 板材plank; board 板系结构structural system composed of plate 板箱梁slab box beam 半自动焊接semi-automatic welding 拌合水mixing water 绑扎骨架tied framework 保险螺栓safetybolt 边跨径side span 变截面粱non—uniform cross—section beam 变形验算deformation analysis 泊松比Poisson’s ratio 不焊透对接焊缝partial penetrated butt weld 材料弹性模量elasticity modulus of materials 材料抗震强度设计值design value of earthquake-resistant strength of materials 材料力学性能mechanical properties of materials·材料强度设计值designvalue of material strength 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 承压型高强度螺栓连接，high—strength bolted bearing type join 承载力bearing capacity 承载能极限状态验证verification of ultimate limit states 承重结构bearing structure 承台pile cap 齿缝破坏saw-tooth joint failure 冲击韧性impact toughness 抽样方法method of sampling 抽样数量number of sampling 初凝时间presetting time 次梁secondary beam 脆性brittleness 脆性破坏brittle failure 大六角头高强度螺栓high—strength bolt with large hexagon bea 大偏心受压构件compression member with large eccentricity 大桥major bridge 单墩single pier 单个高强螺桂承载能力load—carrying capacity per high—strength holt 单个铆钉承载能力load—carrying capacity per rivet 单个普通螺栓承载能力load-carrying capacity per bolt单线桥single-track bridge单向板one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab‘‘弹性模量elastic modulus等截面 uniform section等截面粱uniform cross—section beam等效均布活荷载equivalent uniformly distributed live load·地震作用标准值characteristic value of earthquake action垫板padding plate; backfilling plate吊环hanger叠合式混凝土受弯构件superposed reinforced concrete flexural member叠接(搭接)lap connectlon钉有效长度effective length of nail短加劲肋short stiffener断面 deck/section断续焊缝intermittent weld对接butt joint; butt connection对接焊缝butt weld非破损检验non-destructive test分布钢筋distribution steel分布荷载distribution load风荷载标准值characteristi cvalue o fwindload风荷载体型系数shapefactorofwindload风压高度变化系数height variation factor of wind pressure风振系数wind fluttering factor浮桥pontoon bridge腐朽rot腹板web plate杆系结构structural system composed of bar刚弹性方案rigid-elastic analysis scheme刚度rigidity刚度比 ratio of rigidity刚构（刚架）桥rigid frame bridge刚架rigid frame刚接rigid connection刚性支座连续梁rigidly supported continous girder刚域rigid zone钢板steel plate钢板件steel plateelement钢材sted钢材(钢筋)抗拉(极限)强度tensile(ultimate) strength of steel钢材(钢筋)屈服强度(屈服点)yield strength (yield point) of steel钢材强度标准值characteristic value of strength of steel钢材强度等级strength classes of structural steel钢带steel strip钢构件变形容许值allowable value of deformation of steel member钢构件容许长细比allowable slenderness ratio of steel member钢构件外观检查visual examination of structural steel member钢管steel tube; steel pipe钢管结构steel tubular structure钢绞线strand钢筋reinforcing steel bar; steel bar钢筋保护层cover to reinforcement钢筋搭接bar splicing钢筋搭接长度lapped length of steel bar钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete（RC）钢筋混凝土结构reinforced concrete structure钢筋间距spacing of bars钢筋接头bar splice; joint of reinforcement钢筋可焊性weldability of steel bar钢筋拉应变限值allowable ultimate tensile strain of reinforcement钢筋锚固长度anchorage length of steel bar钢筋强度标准值characteristic value of strength of steel bar钢筋性能检验inspection for properties of steelbar钢丝steel wire钢纤维混凝土结构steel fiber reinforced concrete structure·钢支座steel support高架桥viaduct高强度螺栓high—strength bolt高强度螺栓的有效截面积etlectlve cross—section area of high-strength bolt·高强度螺栓连接high—strength bolted connection高强螺栓连接钢结构high—strength holted steel slsteel structure工字形箱 H-shaped box公路铁路两用桥combined bridge;highway and railway transit bridge 拱桥arch bridge构件变形容许值allowable value of deformation of structural member 构件承载能力计算calculation of load-carrying capacity of member构件承载能力设计值design value of load—carrying capacity of members·构件刚度stiffness of structural member构件抗剪刚度shearing stiffness of member构件抗拉(抗压)刚度tensile(compressive) stiffness of member构件抗扭刚度torsional stiffness of member构件抗弯刚度flexural stiffness of member构件挠度容许值allowable value of deflection of structural member 构件外观检查visual examination of structural member构件性能检验test for properties of concrete structural members构造construction构造配筋detailing reintorcement构造要求detailing requirements箍筋hoop; stirrup; hoop reinforcement箍筋间距spacing of stirrups; stirrup spacing箍筋肢距spacing of stirrup legs光圆钢丝round wire龟裂map cracking滚轴支座rolle rsupport含水率moisture content焊缝weld焊缝连接welding connection·焊缝外观检查visual examination of weld焊缝无损检验non-destructive inspection of weld焊缝质量级别quality grade of weld焊根weld roof焊剂welding flux焊接钢管welded steel pipe焊接钢结构welded steel strueture焊接钢梁welded steel beam; welded steel girder焊接骨架welded framework焊接裂纹weld crack焊接缺陷weld defects焊瘤overlap焊丝welding wire焊条welding rod焊趾weld toe荷载load桁架拱trussed rafter桁架桥trussed bridge横隔板diaphragm横截面cross section横向分布钢筋transversely distributed steelbar横向焊缝transverse weld横向加劲肋transverse stiffener·横向水平支撑transverse horizontal bracing后张法预应力混凝土结构post—tensioned prestressed concrete structure 环形焊缝grith weld换算截面惯性矩second moment of area of tranformed section 换算截面面积area of transformed section换算截面模量section modulus of transformed section混合砂浆composite mortar混凝土concrete混凝土保护层厚度thickness of concrete cover混凝土弹性模量modulus of elasticity of concrete混凝土极限压应变ultimate compressive strain of concrete’”混凝土强度等级strength classes(grades) of concrete混凝土深梁reinforced concrete deep beam混凝土收缩shrinkage of concrete混凝土双向板two—way reinforced (or prestressed) concrete slab 混凝土徐变creep of concrete活荷载折减系数reducing coefficient of liveload基本风压wind reference pressure基础foundation集中荷载concentrated load计算长度effective length计算高度effective height计算跨度effective span加劲肋stiffener加劲肋外伸宽度outstanding width of stiffener加腋梁hunched beam加载loading架桥机/造桥机launching gantry, erection gantry夹具grip剪跨比ratio of shear span to effective depth of section剪力shear剪面shear plane剪面长度length of shear plane剪面面积area of shear plane剪切变形shear deformation剪切模量shear modulus简支梁simple beam简支梁桥simple supported girder bridge键连接key joint浇注pouring浇注混凝土concreting角焊缝fillet weld角焊缝焊脚尺寸leg size of fillet weld角焊缝有效厚度effective thickness of fillet weld角焊缝有效计算长度effective length of fillet weld铰接hinged connection铰轴支座hinge support结构优化设计 optimum design of structures-program截面尺寸限值limiting value for sectional dimension截面刚度rigidity of section截面剪变刚度shearing rigidity of section截面拉伸(压缩)刚度tensile(compressive) rigidity of section截面面积area of section 截面扭转刚度torsional rigidity of section 截面弯曲刚度flexural rigidity of section 截面有效高度effective depth of section 界限偏心距balanced eccentricity 界限受压区高度balanced depth of compression zone 净高lnet height 净跨度net span 净水灰比net water ／cementratio 静定结构statically determinate structure 局部抗压强度提高系数enhanced coefficient of local bearing strength of materials·开合桥movable bridge 抗冻融性resistance to freezing and thawing 抗扭强度torsional strength; tensile strength 抗倾覆、滑移验算overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗渗性impermeability; resistance to water penetration 抗弯强度bending strength 抗压强度compressive strength 抗震构造要求earthquake-resistant detailing requirements 抗震设计earthquake-resistant design 可变作用标准值characteristic value of variable action 可靠性reliability 刻痕钢丝indented wire 空间结构space structure 空间性能影响系数influence coefficient for spacial action 空心板梁hollow slab beam 跨度span 跨高比span-to-depth ratio 跨线（立交）桥grade separated bridge;overpass bridge 跨越spanning 跨中荷载midspan load 块体强度等级strength classes of masonry units 块体性能检验inspection for properties of masnory units 框架结构frame structure 框架桥frame bridge 拉结钢筋steel tie; tie bar 拉力tension 冷拉钢筋cold drawn bar 冷拉钢丝cold drawn wire 冷弯试验cold bend inspection of steelbar 冷轧带肋钢筋cold-rolled deformed bar 连续多跨Multi-spans continuous 连续梁桥continuous girder bridge梁beam两边支承板two sides(edges) supported plate裂缝fissure; crack裂缝宽度容许值allowable value of crack width裂环连接split ringjoint露筋reveal of reinforcement螺栓bolt螺栓(或高强度螺栓)有效直径effective diameter of bolt or high-strength bolt·螺栓连接钢结构bolted steel structure螺栓连接斜纹承压强度降低系数(reducing coefficient of compressive strength in sloping grain for bolted connection螺栓连接质量检验quality inspection of bolted connection螺栓有效截面面积ettectlve cross-section area of bolt螺旋箍筋spiral stirrup螺旋形焊缝spiral weld漫水桥submersible bridge锚具anchorage铆钉rivet铆钉连接riveted connecction铆钉连接质量检验quality inspection of riveted connection铆接钢结构riveted steel structure铆接钢梁riveted steel beam铆接钢梁riveted steel girder密实度compaction模板 formwork摩擦型高强度螺栓连接high—strength bolted friction—type joint木材timber木材强度等级strength classes of structural timber木材顺纹强度strength of structural timber parallel to grain 木屋架timber roof truss内力重分布redistribution of internal force耐磨性resistance to abrasion挠度deflection凝结时间setting time扭剪型高强度螺栓tor-shear type high-strength bolt扭弯twist配筋率reinforcement ratio; ratio of reinforcement; percentage of reinforcement配筋砌体结构reinforced masonry structure疲劳强度fatigue strength疲劳容许应力幅allowable stress range of fatigue 偏心荷载eccentric load偏心距eccentric distance偏心距增大系数amplified coefficient of eccentricity偏心受压eccentric compression; eccentric tension 拼接 splice平截面假定plane hypothesis平面结构plane structure坡桥ramp bridge普通钢筋ordinary steel bar普通钢筋强度等级strength classes(grades) of steel bar普通混凝土ordinary concrete; normal concrete砌块block砌块砌体block masonry砌块砌体结构block masonry structure砌体masonry砌体材料最低强度等级minimum strength class of masonry砌体拉结钢筋steel tie bar for masonry砌体质量检验quality inspection of masonry强轴main axis强轴strongaxis桥bridge桥墩pier;buttress of a bridge桥跨结构（上部结构）bridge superstructure桥面系bridge floor system桥台abutment;bank pier桥下部结构bridge substructure桥支座bridge bearing;bridge support轻骨料混凝土light weight aggregate concrete屈服yield屈服点yield point屈服荷载yield load屈服极限limit of yielding屈服强度yield strength屈服强度下限lower limit of yield热处理钢筋heat tempering bar热轧带肋钢筋hot—rolled deformed bar热轧光圆钢筋hot—rolled plain bar热轧型钢hot-rolled section steel柔性连接flexible connection弱轴weak axis; secondary axis; minor axls塞焊缝plug weld三铰拱three hinged arch砂浆mortar砂浆保水性water retentivity of mortar砂浆配合比mix ratio of mortar砂浆强度等级strength classes of mortar 砂浆性能检验inspection for properties of mortar 设计荷载design load 设计强度design strength 伸长率elongation rate 生产控制manufacture control 施工阶段验算approval analysis during construction stage 石材stone 石砌体stone masonry 石砌体结构stone masonry structure 收缩shrinkage 手工焊接manual welding 受拉区tensile region 受力load-carrying capability 受弯构件member in bending 受弯木构件挠度容许值allowable value of deflection of timber bending member 受压构件承载能力影响系数influence coefficient for load—bearing capacity of compression member 受压构件计算面积calculating area of compression member 受压木构件容许长细比allowable slenderness ratio of timber compression member 受压区compressive region 受压区高度depth of compression zone 竖向支撑vertical bracing 双铰拱two hinged arch 双线桥double-track bridge 双向配筋two-way reinforcement 水灰比water ／cement ratio·水泥cement 水泥含量cement content 水泥砂浆cement mortar 水塔water tower 顺弯bow 四边支承板four sides(edges)supported plate 四角锥体网架square pyramid space grids 素混凝土non-reinforced concrete 素混凝土结构plain concrete structure 塑性plasticity 塑性铰plastic hinge·索塔（桥塔）bridge tower 塌陷excessive penetration 特大桥super major bridge 特种混凝上specified concrete 体积配筋率reinforcement ratio per unit volume铁路桥梁railway bridge透焊对接焊缝penetrated butt weld外力external force弯钩hook弯矩moment弯矩调幅系数moment modified factor弯起钢筋bent-up bar; bent-up steel bar弯桥curved bridge弯曲破坏bending failure未焊满incompletely filled groove未焊透incomplete penetration未溶合incomplete tusion位移displacement稳定计算stability calculation涡纹swirl grain无缝钢管seamless steel pipe; seamless steel tube无铰拱hlngeless arch无筋砌体构件masonry member无粘结预应力混凝土结构unbonded prestressed concrete structure系杆tie tod系梁tie beam， ‘先张法预应力混凝土结构pre—tensioned prestressed concrete structure·纤维混凝土fiber concrete现浇钢筋混凝土结构cast-in-place reinforced concrete现浇混凝土结构cast-in—situ concrete structure线膨胀系数linear expansion coeffcient小偏心受压构件compression member with small eccentricity 小桥minor bridge斜搭接scarf joint斜交桥skew bridge斜角角焊缝oblique—angle fillet weld斜截面obligue section; inclined section斜拉（斜张）桥cable stayed bridge斜向箍筋inclined stirrup型钢shaped steel; section steel徐变creep悬臂梁cantilever beam悬臂梁桥cantilever girder bridge悬挂结构suspended structure悬索space suspended cable悬索（吊）桥suspension bridge压力pressure延伸率percentage of elongation延性ductileity验收界限limit of acceptance翼缘板frange plate翼缘板外伸宽度outstanding width of flange引桥approach span应变strain应力stress应力集中concentration of stresses应力松弛stress relaxation应力图stress diagram应力应变曲线stress-strain curve应力状态state of stress永久作用标准值characteristic value of permanent action·有粘结预应力混凝土结构bonded prestressed concrete structure与水平线夹角 included angle with level line预拱度camber预埋件embeded parts预应筋松弛relaxation of prestressed tendon预应筋有效预应力值value of effective prestress预应力传递长度transmission length of prestress预应力钢结构prestressed steel structure预应力钢筋prestressed reinforcement预应力钢筋混凝土prestressed reinforced concrete预应力混凝土结构prestressed concrete structure预应力筋prestressed tendon预应力筋强度等级strength classes(grades) of prestressed tendon 预应力筋消压预应力值value of decompression prestress预应力损失loss of prestress预制板precast slab预制混凝土构件precast reinforced concrete member运梁台车bridge girder transporter轧制型钢梁rolled steel beam粘结力cohesive force正（主）桥main span正常使用极限状态验证verification of serviceability limit states· ”正交桥right bridge正截面normal section支承板bearing plate支承长度限值limiting value for supporting length支承加劲肋bearing stiffener支架 scaffoldings支座bearing直角角焊缝right-angle filletweld; orthogonal fillet weld中和轴高度depth of neutral axis 中间加劲肋intermediate stiffener 中跨径middle span 中桥medium bridge 终凝时间final setting time 轴向拉力axial tension; axial pressure 轴心受压构件稳定系数stability reduction coefficient of axially loaded compression 轴压比ratio of axial compressive force to axial compressive ultimate capacity of section 主梁main beam; grider 主梁截面girder section 柱column 砖砌体brick masonry 砖砌体结构brick masonry structure 砖砌体柱brick masonry column 装配式混凝土结构prefabricated concrete structure 装配式预制precast 纵向钢筋longitudinal steel bar 纵向焊缝longitudinal weld 纵向加劲肋longitudinal stiffener 纵向水平支撑longitude horizontal bracing 最优化optimization。