英语翻译--汉译英2 汉英词汇比较与翻译
unit 2 词汇翻译 2
春节，又称农历新年，它是中国最重大的传统节 日。时间通常在一月底，二月初，象征着一年辛 劳后，冬春之交的休息和放松，也象征了喜庆。 The Spring Festival, also known as the Lunar New Year, is the greatest traditional festival. It is usually a time between late January or early February, which means rest and relaxation between winter and spring after a year’s toil, and means celebration as well.
春节前，人们打扫屋子、在大门上贴大红对联、 放鞭炮。据传说，这样做是为了驱赶一个叫“年 ”的魔鬼。除夕之夜，一大家子定会在一起会餐 ，最受欢迎的主食是饺子，人们认为它能带来好 运吉祥。 Before the Spring Festival, people clean their houses, put red couplets on their gates, and set off firecrackers, according to fairy tales, for driving a demon named Nian away. On the eve of the Spring Festival, a gettogether banquet is a must, and the most popular food is Jiaozi, which is supposed to bring good fortune.
1） 减省语气助词 汉译英时语气助词多半要省略。 真的呢，再没有比这种童子面更好看的茶花了。（杨朔，《 茶花赋》） It’s true. No flowers are lovelier than children’s faces. 我想到李白杜甫在那遥远的年代，以一叶扁舟搏浪急进，该 是多么雄伟的搏斗，会激发诗人多少瑰丽的诗思啊！（刘白 羽，《长江三日》） This makes me think of the poets Li Bai and Du Fu in those ancient days when they sailed upstream against the current and how such a magnificent struggle would stir the poets’ great imagination.
汉译英_词汇的翻译
送
• 老师送我一本书作为生日礼物。 • My teacher gave me a book as my birthday gift.
• 亲戚们送给她一笔钱作为她的学费。
• The relatives of hers offered her a sum of money as her tuition fee.
• 所谓选词，即在正确理解原文的基础上，选出 适当的词去表达原文的意思。正确选词是保证 译文质量的重要条件，词的选择应从下面几个 方面入手。 1．正确理解原文词义：词的正确选择首先取决 于对原文词义的正确理解，而这一点有首先取 决于对原文上下文的推敲。英译汉、汉译英的 情况都是这样。
意思
• • • • • 甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。 乙：你这人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？ 甲：哎，只是意思意思。 乙：啊，真是不好意思。 甲：This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation. Please take it. • 乙: Oh, aren’t you a bit too polite? You shouldn’t do that. • 甲：Well, it just conveys my gratitude. • 乙：Ah, thank you then, though I really don’t deserve it.
纺织品 纸币 四季豆 防水油布 高中 黄皮书、黄页 变质的奶 公共厕所 承认说的错话 当心，留神 假正经
• • • • •
• • • •
• •
dried goods joss paper mung bean oily skin university/ college pornography yogurt lounge break a promise look outside yes-man
英语翻译--汉译英2. 汉英词汇比较与翻译
• 还有些未完成的事要处理。 • There is still some unfinished business to settle. • 我们就这件事请教过他。 • We have consulted him about the matter. • 请回去吧，这里没你的事了。 • Please go back. There is nothing of your concern
not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too?
例3：“考察”的译法
• 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足 迹几乎遍布全国。
• In his lifetime, Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, toured 16 provinces, leaving his footmarks in nearly every corner of the country.
• 这是中国从几十年建设中得出的经验。 • That is what we have learnt from decades of development.
• 2.从近义词中选词
生气发怒: angry表示一般生气, irate表示怒形于色, indignant表示义愤, wrathful表示盛怒, enraged表示狂怒, infuriated表示因愤恨而愤怒之意, incensed则有激怒之意。
•3.根据搭配选词
Empty: house, room, cup, box, stomach, head, words表示“空 的，一无所有的” Vacant: position, room, house, seat表示“没有人占有的；空 缺的” Hollow: tree, voice, sound, cheeks表示“空洞的，虚的；不实 的；下陷的” Blank: look, mind, page, check表示“空白的，无表情的，无 思想的”
汉译英笔记
1.例子：现在必须采取措施来保护环境（表目的）分析：找主语－>无主语，也就是无主句。
无主语：对应英文三种句型：形式主语、there be 句型、被动句型。
形式主语:It is necessary ['nesəs(ə)rɪ] /essential [ɪ'senʃ(ə)l] / imperative /ɪm'perətɪv/to take/ adopt measures to protect the environment.（不定式表目的）essential, imperative。
能用高级词汇就用高级词汇。
adopt: 有两个意思，采取采纳；收养；there be 句型There is necessity [nə'sɛsəti] to adopt measures to protect the environment.被动句型(找被动句型的主语－：措施)Measures should be adopted (taken) to protect the environment.特殊句型：是到做某事的时候了It is time to do sth.... 是到做某事的时候了It is high time to adopt measures to protect the environment.（更加地道）。
使用从句，从句使用虚拟语气，动词用一般过去时It is high time that measures were adopted to protect the environment确定句型、结构1)确定基准时态，能够避免犯大的语法错误比如：记叙文――一般过去时，以及他的变化议论文、说明文――一般现在时。
对照原文，首先检查译文是否正确的转述了原文的内容，是否有错译和漏译；其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如：时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等，发现错误，及时改正。
汉英词汇比较与翻译
第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义翻译包括理解和表达两个过程。
要做好翻译，首先要对原文进行正确的理解。
但汉语和英语中都有很普遍的一词多义现象，却给理解和表达都带来了很大的困难。
一．根据词典释义选择合适的词义（略）二．根据语境选择合适的词义语义与语境关系密切。
同样的一个词，在不同的上下文里，就可能产生不同的意思。
英国语言学家Firth曾经说过：Each word is a new word in a new context (每个词在一个新的语境中就是一个新词)。
所以说，“多义词数量很多，但我们在语言的实际运用中，除少数歧义句外，却极少见到词的多义现象。
因为在一个具体语境中只使用多义词的其中一个义项”（傅敬民等，《英汉翻译辨析》，p10）。
先看英译汉的例子。
比如man这个词的翻译：man and wife 夫妻officers and men 官兵his man Friday 佣人，仆人man-of-war 战舰，军舰（尤指帆船）Be a man! 像个男子汉！（勇敢一些，坚强一些）另以straight为例：1. He is a straight thinker.2. Put your room straight.3. She keeps straight.4. The accounts are straight.5. They voted the straight ticket.6. She went straight home without going to the market.7. He was tall and straight and clear-eyed and dark.8. He is fairly straight with me.9. This is a very straight place.10．There are a lot of things we’ve got to get straight.11. Thanks for setting me straight.12. I believe I am thinking straight.13. He keeps a straight face.1．他的思路很有条理。
英汉句子比较与翻译
01
傅雷：东方人与西方人的思维方式有基本分歧，我人重综合，重归纳，重暗示，重含蓄；西方人则重分析，细微曲折，挖掘唯恐不尽，描写唯恐不周。
汉语学家王力：西洋语法是硬的，没有弹性；中国语法是软的，富有弹性。……所以中国语法以达意为主。 英国人写文章往往化零为整，而中国人写文章却往往化整为零。
1
2
3
5
这个问题必须予以处理。
6
This matter must be dealt with.
7
无被动助词
1
看似主动，但在主谓关系上却有被动含义，这种语言现象在汉语中大量存在。
2
例句：
3
那里讲什么语言？
4
What language is spoken there?
5
这个任务必须按时完成。
6
This task must be fulfilled in time.
There is nothing wrong with this computer.
这台电脑没有什么毛病。
2 –ible, -able 结尾的形容词作定语，与every, the only或形容词最高级连用来修饰一个名词时，也常需后置。 The doctors have tried every way possible. 大夫们已经试过各种可能的办法了。 They had the greatest difficulty imaginable getting there in time. 为了能及时赶到那儿，他们克服了极大的困难。 It is the only wild berry edible here in this area. 它是这个地区惟一能食用的野莓。
I worked very hard on this book.
汉译英_成语的翻译 2
二、 将四字词组译成短语，如介词短语、
副词短语、不定式短语
这种方法往往是套用英语中最简单的词
组或句型。
某位领导的讲话要求外交人员“立场坚
定、目光远大、头脑敏捷、业务熟练、 才华出众、风格高尚”， “A Chinese diplomat should be firm in stand, broad in vision, swift in wit, qualified in profession, outstanding in talent, noble in character.”
三、套用英语中意思相同及功能对等 的习语
四字词组中有很大一部分是固定词组，即成语。成语
往往带有浓厚的民族色彩和地方色彩。翻译时除了要 忠实地表达原文意义之外，还要尽可能保持原文成语 的形象比喻，丰富联想，修辞效果以及其民族、地方 特点等。有的成语和英语中的习语在内容和形式上都 相符合，双方不但有相同的意义和修辞色彩，并且有 相同或大体相同的形象比喻。汉译英时，如果遇到这 种情况，不妨直截了当地套用英语同义习语。这样的 译文可能会增色不少，基本能实现四字词组的美学价 值转移。
谚语俗语
亡羊补牢
Mend the fold after the sheep is stolen. 外来语 一尘不染 Free of dust 心花怒放
Be wild with joy\be elated
新生成语
分秒必争
Seize every minute and second Race against time 百花齐放
香港人、爱护香港人的旭日辉映下，满怀信心，升锚 启航，向着振兴中华，祖国统一的宏伟目标乘风奋进。 We are embarking on a new era. With the respect and trust from the entire nation, we will be much more equipped to sail forward with confidence and with conviction.We will play a part in facilitating the reunification of the entire nation, and bringing a better life to all in the nation.
【汉英特色词汇对比分析全英毕业论文】汉英词汇比较与翻译
【汉英特色词汇对比分析全英毕业论文】汉英词汇比较与翻译汉英特色词汇对比分析全英毕业论文Contents Abstract 1 Key words 1 1. Introduction 2 2. The formation Causes of Chinese Neologisms 3 2.1 Neologisms from foreign languages 3 2.2 Old Words with New Senses 4 2.3 Neologisms from Chinese dialects 5 3. Features of Chinese Neologisms 5 3.1 Freshness in Time 6 3.2 Freshness in Semantic Meaning 6 3.3 transformation from Abbreviations 6 3.4 Culture Loaded 6 4. Existing Problems in Translating Chinese Neologisms into English 7 5. Strategies for Chinese Neologisms Translation 11 5.1 Literal Translation 11 5.2 Literal Translation with Adding or Interpreting 12 5.3 Transliteration 13 5.4Transliteration with adding or Interpreting 14 5.5 Diversified Translation 15 6. Conclusion 15 Bibliography: 17 An analysis of the Chinese-English of Chinese Neologisms Name: No.: English Major Foreign Languages Department Supervisor: Title: Abstract: Language is a rather open system. With the development of social life and human development, language also plays an increasing key role in serving as a mirror of social changes. Chinese neologisms can be regarded as the most active and sensitive element. Ever since recent years,Chinese language has also witnessed great changes. Such changes mainly result in the increase of Chinese neologisms.Faced with the neologisms springing up,we should properly translating them or some of them into correct and idiomatic English.It becomes an issue of how to translate Chinese neologisms idiomatically and remain cultural flavor at the same time. To cope with the cultural aspects in translation of the heavily cultural-loaded neologisms, foreinization and domestication are the most important methods. And of the two methods, which to choose is another issue. This thesis attempts to seek for the most suitable methods to get the unique Chinese culture well-known by foreign friends. Key words: Chinese neologisms; translation strategies 摘要：语言是一个相当开放的系统，随着社会生活和人类发展而不断变化。
第三章 张春柏 汉译英 英汉词汇对比与翻译
第三章：英汉词汇对比与翻译英汉两种言分属印欧语系和汉藏语系，英语是拼音文字，汉语是表意文字，两者之间存在着很大的差异。
这种差异首先反映在词汇上。
与翻译关系比较密切的因素主要包括词义、词形、和词的音律和节奏等。
3.1英汉语的词义对比与翻译说到翻译，人们自然会想到词的选择。
有人以为手持一本英汉词典和一本汉英词典就可以翻译了。
这是一种非常幼稚的想法。
这不仅是因为翻译牵涉到诸多非语言因素，如文化知识和科学常识等，而且还因为英语和汉语和词汇之间本身就有着很大的差别。
这种差别首先表现在词义上。
英国语言学家利奇把最广义的意义划分为七种不同的类型：外延意义、内涵意义、社会意义、情感意义、反映意义、搭配意义和主题意义。
除了主题意义外，其他六种意义都与词义密切相关。
显然，词典告诉我们的主要是词的外延意义，如“土地”、“红色”、和“荷花”在英语中分别为earth、 red和 lotus flower，而它们的其他意义则不大可能作全面的反映。
可以毫不夸张地说，除了科技词汇外，英语和汉语中几乎没有两个词在所有的意义和用法上是完全对等的。
具体而言，英汉词汇在意义上主要有以下区别：1 词汇的意义范围（semantic scope）不一样，如英语中的kill 一词和汉语中的“杀”就相去甚远。
例如：1 Japanesekilled millions of innocent people during the war.army在那场战争中日本军队屠杀了成百上千万无辜的平民。
2) Three men were killed in the accident.有三个男子在事故中丧生。
3) The engine was killed by the flood.汽车的引擎由于大水而熄了火。
4) Your joke nearly killed me.你的笑话真是笑死人。
5) I’m reading this book just to kill time.我读这本书只是为了消磨时间。
英汉语言对比研究-词法对比翻译
三、汉英词汇视点差异
汉英两民族在思维上差异，表现在语言思维视点上也有 差异——从不同的思维视角来看待同一事物 。其具体差 异如下： 1.汉英修饰词的转换 A. 有时英语修饰词与汉语相反的情况： 抢险车 a breakdown lorry （不等于 a lorry that has broken down) 防暴警察 riot police (即 anti-riot police) 消防队 a fire brigade 打九折 a 10 percent discount 寒衣 warm clothes 候机室 the departure lounge
汉语词义的模糊性有其优点，有利于词汇的组合与 灵活运用，但在英译时，由于汉英在形象与喻义、所指 与内涵方面存在较大差异，稍不注意便可能导致语义不 准确。
1.形象与喻义 形象与喻义
如： (1).现在的问题时抓“落实”，以确保已出台的政 策措施全部到位。 从字面上看，英语的“抓”, “出台”, “到位”都不合此 上下文，这是汉语的形象表达，在译文中要用“使生 效”、“实行”和“执行”才能将英语实际意义表达出 来呢？ To ensure full implementation of the polices and measures already introduced, the question now is how to bring them into effect.
自学 teacher himself (a self-taught student)
E. 观察事物的角度或联想意义不一样 close the door behind you.——着眼于人所在的位置 随手关门——着眼于手 lie on one ‘ s back ; lie on one ’ a stomach －一以后背为准; 仰卧；伏卧一一以面向为准 胆小如鼠 as timid as a rabbit ; 蠢得像猪 a s stupid as a goose 雨后春笋 be like bamboo shoots after a spring rain F.词语的排列顺序不同 前后back and forth 新旧old and new 冷热hot and cold
英汉翻译教程
英汉翻译教程张培基第一讲翻译原则简介一、教学目的：了解基本的翻译原则和翻译研究的问题二、教学过程：1．翻译的定义和内涵：（Definition and Connotation）Translation is an art/ science/craft?2．中国几位翻译家的理论（influential translation principles）：严复：信达雅--- faithfulness/expressiveness/eleganc e. The “three character guide” is regarded as a plumb-line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.傅雷：神似---spiritual conformity. Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original.强调原作神韵再现。
钱钟书：化境---sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.刘重德：信、达、切---faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.3．中国翻译史上的论争：鲁迅：宁信而不顺---rather to be faithful than smooth。
目的：引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深：宁顺而不信---rather to be smooth than faithful 目的：可读性强，便于交流。
4．直译与意译：直译---literal translation 意译：free translation直译的例子：crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪; armed to the teeth武装到牙齿; chain reaction连锁反应; gentlemen’s agreement君子协定; one country, two systems 一国两制;The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流; paper tiger 纸老虎; Breath one’s last---断气; go to one’s external rest---安息; the long sleep---长眠; see Marx 见马克思;Go west 上西天; go to heaven 上天堂; blow out the candles 吹灯拔蜡kick the bucket 蹬腿: You can kick everything but you can not kick the bucket直译不等于死译(dead translation):街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生：Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning.“In the street” should be replaced by “in the community”.她一大早起床，进城，见到了她的公爹：She got up early, went to the town and saw her public father. Public father should be father in law.意译的例子：It rains cats and dogs / at sixes and sevens /Adam’s apple句子比较：Little fish does not eat big fish直译：小鱼不吃大鱼意译：胳膊拧不过大腿试译：天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福：直译：Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight.意译：The weather and human life are both unpredictable有人说，翻译是带着镣铐跳舞（translation is like dancing in fetters）；还有人说，翻译像女人，忠实的不漂亮，漂亮的不忠实。
Lecture 2 词法翻译1
Exercises
你这是什么意思？请别误会我的意思。 What do you mean by that? Please do not misunderstand me. 她被夸得不好意思。 She felt embarrassed by so much praise. 让你久等了，不好意思。 I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 做了这种事，亏他还好意思说呢！ Fancy his doing that sort of thing and then having the nerve to talk about it.
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English College
Compare the following two translation versions. 他们正在积极巩固成果。 Version A: They were actively consolidating their victorious gains. Version B: They were actively consolidating their victories. Comment: “victorious gains” sometimes refers to things grabbed from the captured.
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1. 他穿一身浅灰色底子淡蓝色条子的西装，打着一条玫瑰红的领 带。 He was dressed in a European- style suit of a pale-grey material with pale-blue stripes and a rose-red tie. 2. 一轮血红的刚升起来的太阳。 The rising sun was a blood-red disc. 改换颜色词 3. 封面和封底是重磅的米色道林纸，边上打了两个眼。(米色不译 成rice-colored) The covers were of heavyweight, buff-colored calendered paper with two holes punched in the edges. 4. 她脸色突然变成灰黄，死了似的。 (英语中一般用pale来形容。) All of a sudden, her face turned ashy pale, like a corpse. 5. 他便变了脸，铁一般的青。 His complexion changed, and he grew ghastly pale. English College 2015-2-25 19
2023年四级翻译汉译英主题词汇
汉译英主题词汇1.中国老式文化四大发明the Four Great Inventions 造纸术paper-making 火药gunpowder 指南针/罗盘compass印刷术printing 孔子Confucius孟子Mencius 思想学派school of thought关键思想the core of ideology 代表人物representative儒家思想Confucianism 儒家文化Confucian culture道家Daoism 法家Legalism和尚;僧人monk 乐器musical instrumental琴棋书画guqin,game of go, calligraphy and painting笛子flute 二胡erhu古筝guzheng 鼓drum琵琶Chinese lute 中国象棋Chinese chess围棋Chinese Go 对弈play chess棋子chess pieces 棋盘chessboard中国书法Chinese calligraphy 甲骨文oracle bone script 文房四宝the four treasures of the study 毛笔brush pen 墨ink stick 砚台inkstone纸paper 笔划stroke四大名著the four masterpieces 中文Chinese character 《西游记》Journey to the West; The Money King《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Chamber; A Dream of Red Mansions 《三国演义》Romance of the Three Kingdoms<<水浒传>>Water Margin; Outlaws of the Mash《诗经》Books of Songs《史记》Records of the Grand Historian;Historical Records唐诗宋词Tang and Song Poetry; Poetry of Tang and Song Danasties 元曲Yuan opera 眀小说Ming novel一般话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese对联couplet 俗语idiom词语phrase 国画Chinese (traditional) painting山水画landscape painting 写意画free sketch painting敦煌壁画Dunhuang frescoes 龙旳形象the image of dragon孔子庙Confucius Temple 黄河the Yellow River长江the Yangtze River 长城the Great Wall故宫the Imperial Palace ; the Forbidden City故宫博物馆The Palace Museum 天安门广场Tiananmen Square胡同hutong 太极拳Tai Chi文武双全be excellent both in the arts of pen and sword孙子兵法Sun Zi’s Art of War ; Master Sun’s Art of War科举制imperial examination system 状元the top scholar; champion 武术Chinese martial arts 古代兵器ancient weapon盔甲suit of armor 剑sword古玩antique 算盘abacus三百六十行all walks of life ; all kinds of jobs 铁饭碗iron bowl 礼节etiquette尊老爱幼respect the old and love the young 礼品馈赠present-giving 民间禁忌folk taboos 丧葬funeral 孝服mourning clothes纸钱ghost money 十二生肖Chinese Zodiac 鼠Rat 牛Ox 鸡Rooster梅花plum blossoms竹子bamboo 松pine 牡丹peony 莲花lotus 莲藕lotus root 中山装Chinese tunic suit中国老式服饰tradition Chinese costume 唐装the Tang suit 民间故事folk tale 寓言fable传说legend凡间human world重要文化遗产major cultural heritage 国宝national treasure 文物cultural relics 高雅艺术high/refined art才子佳人gifted scholars and beautiful ladies享有…….旳声誉enjoy a good/high reputation for被誉为be honored/crowned as 增进友谊enhance friendship 推广中国文化promote Chinese culture文化底蕴cultural deposit 文化事业cultural undertaking文化冲击cultural shock 蓬勃发展flourish文化特性和价值观national identity and value在各地差异很大vary widely from region/place to region/place增进文化旳传播promote the spread of culture丰富多彩be rich and colorful 老式美德traditional virtues尊敬老人respect the elderly 赡养父母support/take care of parents 象征意义symbolic meaning审美观/品味taste for beauty ; aesthetic taste2.中国老式节日春节the Spring Festival 除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve年夜饭the dinner on New Year’s Eve 小年minor Spring Festival 春运Spring Festival travel seasons; Chunyun period买年货do Spring Festival shopping ; buy necessity for Spring Festival 扫尘土sweep the dust 剪窗花do paper-cutting贴春联stick couplets 挂灯笼hang lanterns祭祖offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors 祭祀sacrifices烟花爆竹fireworks and firecrackers 财神the god of wealth压岁钱gift money; lucky money 包饺子make dumplings拜年New Year’s visit 阳历solar calendar天干heavenly stem 地支earthly branch闰年leap year 亲朋好友relatives and friends探亲访友pay a visit to relatives and friends大扫除thoroughly clean the house驱厄运sweep away ill fortune; get rid of bad luck清除劫难ward off evils 年画New Year Picture发红包give money in red envelopes; hand out red envelopes 欢度……the celebration of……; celebrate……. 年糕rice cake 转运have a chance of luck 春卷spring rolls春节联欢晚会Spring Festival Gala 祝愿短信blessing message 元宵节the Lantern Festival 元宵sweet dumplings扭秧歌do the Yangko Dance 舞龙dragon dance舞狮lion dance 灯谜lantern riddles龙昂首Dragon Heads-raising Day 祈雨pray for rain丰收good harvest 清明节Tomb Sweeping Day雨水rainwater 春耕the Spring ploughing扫墓attend/sweep tomb; clean the grave祭品sacrifices; sacrifice offerings 踏青have an outgoing in Spring 端午节Dragon Boats Festival 粽子Zongzi; glutinous rice pudding 赛龙舟dragon boats racing 雄黄酒realgar wine七夕Double Seventh Festival 梳妆dress and make up牛郎Cowherd 织女Weaver Maid喜鹊桥the magpie bridge 中元节/鬼节Ghost Festival河灯water lantern 中秋节Mid-autumn Festival团圆饭family reunion dinner 花灯colorful lantern月圆夜full moon 赏月enjoy the moon吃月饼have moon cake 思想be homesick重阳节Double Ninth Festival 重阳糕double ninth cake赏菊enjoy chrysanthemums 菊花酒chrysanthemum wine 寒食节Cold Food Festival 冷食cold food禁烟smoking ban; not allow to make fire 斗鸡cockfight 蹴鞠kickball; cuju 荡秋千play on a swing拔河push-and-pull; tug of war 腊八节the Laba Festival 腊八粥Laba rice porridge 腊八面Laba noodle3.中国饮食文化中国菜Chinese cuisine; Chinese food 粤菜Canton cuisine 炒stir-fry 煎fry炸deep-fry 烩/焖/炖stew蒸steam 烘焙bake切条cut to strips 切丁dice切碎mince 磨碎grind特色食品specialty 红茶black tea绿茶green tea 火锅hotpot熊掌bear paw 豆浆soybean milk馒头steamed buns 花卷steamed twisted rolls包子steamed stuffed buns; Baozi 北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck 4.中国老式手工艺老式工艺品traditional handicraft 绣花鞋embroidered shoes优秀民间艺术品outgoing folk arts 中国瓷器Chinese ceramics 唐三彩Tricolor-glazed Pottery of the T ang Dynasty彩陶painted pottery 材质各异various materials陶器pottery; earthenware 质地坚硬hard texture青铜器bronze ware 造型生动vivid figure雕刻carving 色彩丰富rich color玉雕jade carving 风格独特characteristic/unique style蜡染wax printing 中国织绣Chinese silk embroideries泥人clay figure 中国结Chinese knot刺绣embroidery 绣球embroidered ball5.中国演出艺术脸谱facial makeup 正面角色positive role说学逗唱speaking, imitating, teasing and singing木偶戏puppet show 说书story-telling皮影戏shadow play 杂技acrobatics客家山歌Hakka hill song 历史人物historical figure四大文明古国之一one of the four ancient civilizations 人类文明史the history of human civilization中国古代史ancient Chinese History中国近现代史modern history of China历史遗留问题a question left over from history/the past 源远流长/历史悠久with/have a long history繁华盛世a time of prosperity 古都ancient capital华夏之祖ancestors of Chinese nation 发祥地birthplace 封建朝代feudal dynasty 远古时代ancient times兴起于……,昌盛于……..emerge in……and prosper in…..原始社会primitive society 战国the Warring States春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period封建社会feudal society 印/玺seal/stamp皇妃imperial concubine 太后empress dowager诸侯Prince/duck under an emperor 宰相prime minister 士大夫scholar-officials 太监eunuch侍卫bodyguard 将军general6.旅游交通旅游景点tourist scenes 避暑胜地summer resort森林公园forest park 人文景观human landscape自然景观natural scenery 建筑architecture壮丽河山magnificent scenery 皇家园林royal garden古典山水园林classical landscape garden钟楼bell tower 鼓楼drum tower牌坊memorial archway 兵马俑Terracotta Warriors天坛the Temple of Heaven 保留最完好旳best-preserved 原址original site 国家博物馆national museum中外游客tourist from home and aboard7.地理环境版图广阔have a vast territory 省会provincial capital水域面积water area 高原plateau三面环山be surrounded by mountains on three side全长……公里stretch for…km/kilometers 植物园botanical garden 淡水湖freshwater lake 沿海港口coastal port8.医疗健康诊断diagnosis(n); diagnose(v) 偏方folk prescription祖传秘方secret prescription handed down from one’s ancestors 中医Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)救死扶伤heal the sick and rescue the dying望闻问切observing, listening, inquiring, pulse-taking 肥胖症obesity 草药herbal therapy食疗food therapy 延缓衰老slow down aging。
汉英词语比较与翻译
汉译英中的词义选择
• 1. 根据语境选择合适词义
• “Each word is a new word in a new context.” (Firth, British linguist)
• 例1：“好” • ①. 好的开始是成功的一半。 • Well begun, half done. • ②. 邻居对我都很好。 • My neighbors are all very kind to me. • ③. 这个问题好解决。 • The problem can be easily solved.
• ④. 计划定好了。 • The plan has been drawn up. • ⑤. 你留个电话，有事好联系你。 • Give me your telephone number so that I can contact you
when necessary. • ⑥. 今天下午好几个人过来找你。 • Quite a few people came in looking for you this afternoon.
• Fengshui • 阴阳
• Yin-yang • 馄饨
• Wonton
• 有些词语，采用直译，既可以使译文简洁，又能保留汉语 文化词语的原汁原味，不会产生文化误解。
• 易经 • Book of changes • 号脉 • Feel the pulse • 京剧 • Peking Opera • 龙舟 • Dragon boat • 春节 • Spring Festival • 站票 • Standing-room-only tickets
• 在直译无法达到效果的情况下，可采用意译。 • 意译法舍弃了词语的语言形式和字面意义，着眼于传
翻译常用词汇
中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪和大妈都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。
土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人， 也就是说，土豪有钱，但是没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。
13.application [..pli.kei.(.)n]n.申请(表,书);应用;敷用
14.demonstrate [.dem.nstreit]vt.论证;说明;显示 vi.示威游行(或集会)
15.confess [k.n.fes]v.坦白，供认;承认
16.neglect [ni.glekt]vt.忽视，忽略;疏忽，玩忽 n.疏忽，玩忽
【参考译文】
Chinese buzzwords usually mirror changes and culture in the society, and some of them are increasingly used by foreign media. For example, though old word they are, tuhao and dama have taken on new meanings now.
【点评】
本文内容是关于政府的环保政策，虽然与以往的传统文化有差别，但是符合大纲要求的社会、经济、政治、科技问题，所以在备考的时候要注意准备的内容要全面。原文中长句有点多，但主要是一些并列成分，所以在翻译时首先要划分好句子的主干部分，并列的内容逐个翻译，然后再用准确的词将各部分连接，这样就能将繁多内容有条理的整理出来。另外要注意数字表达不要出错。
真题
北京计划未来三年投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少pm2.5排放入手。这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500万辆机动车的尾气排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘，另外850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林。
汉英词汇比较与翻译ppt课件
–上场 –上访 –
to appear on the stage
to apply for an audience with the higher authorities to appeal for help
–上轨道 –上马
to get on the right track to mount a horse
• 2佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的。可是由于母亲聪明能干， 却也舒服。
• The life of a tenant farmer’s family was of course hard, but we somehow managed to scrape along because mother was a clever and able woman.
international relations • 国民经济信息化: build an information-based national
economy • 科研成果产业化: apply scientific research results to
industrial production
• 1他昨天擦破了皮，现在到医院换药去了。
• Let me tell the story from the very beginning.
• 他们是一头儿的。
• They are on the same side.
• 他头天上午就来了。
• He came here the previous morning.
• 这还是我头一次来杭州呢。
• This is the first time I have been in Hangzhou.
• My betrothed! Damn him, he simply refused to come into the bridal chamber!
2010-2012考研英语（二）翻译重点词汇解析
2010-2012考研英语（⼆）翻译重点词汇解析 2010年考研英语(⼆)翻译真题中的重点词汇： 1. sustain 相关 1)sustain v. 承受住，⽀撑;持续 例如：Hope sustained us in our misery. 在不幸中希望使我们振作起来。
2)sustainable a. 可⽀撑的;可持续的 例如：可持续发展 sustainable development 3) sustainability n. 承受(⼒ ) 例如原⽂：“Sustainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. 近来，“承受⼒”成为了⼀个流⾏词，但对特德•宁⽽⾔，他对其却有⾃⼰亲⾝的体会。
4)unsustainability n. ⽆法承受的 例如原⽂： Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life... 经历了⼀段⽆法承受的痛苦⽣活 …… 2. oriented a. 以...为导向的 例如原⽂： sustainability-oriented values 旨在提⾼承受⼒的价值观 其他例⼦：素质教育 quality- oriented education 市场经济：market-oriented economy 3. dot-com n. 互联⽹(⽤互联⽹的显著特征(.com) 代指互联⽹这个本体) 英语惯⽤修辞格，例如：明喻、暗喻、借代、提喻、拟⼈、委婉语、转移修饰语、夸张、讽刺、⽭盾修饰法等等，⼤家在阅读及翻译中要注意这些修辞格的使⽤。
4. move 熟义：v. 移动 ⽣义：n. 步骤，⼿段 例如：a clever move ⾼明的⼀招 再如原⽂： It was a really bad move... 这的确是糟糕的⼀步…… 5. dilemma n. 进退两难的处境;进退维⾕的困境 例如原⽂：his dilemma about the job translated , predictably, into a lack of sales 不出所料(predictably“可预测地”就是“不出所料”)，⼯作上的进退维⾕转换成了销售业绩不佳 2011年考研英语(⼆)翻译真题中的重点词汇： 1. roughly adv. 粗略地;⼤约 例如原⽂：roughly 2 percent ⼤约百分之⼆ 其他表⽰“⼤约”的词：approximately, about, around ,more or less, or so 注意：⽤more or less, or so 时要后置，所以 “⼤约百分之⼆” 应该是 2 percent or so ; 或者2 percent more or less 2. emit v. 放射(光、热、⾹⽓等) 例如：emit exhaust 排出废⽓ 再如原⽂：emit a great deal of heat 释放许多热量 emission n. 排放 例如原⽂：CO2 emissions ⼆氧化碳排放量 3. take a surprising roll 利⽤“仿词”的修辞格，改写⾃英语中的⼀个习语“take a heavy roll 造成损失或损害 ” ，所以 “take a surprising roll”译为造成了意想不到的危害 例如原⽂：Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. 许多⽇常⼯作对环境造成了意想不到的危害 造句练习：随地吐痰对健康造成了意想不到的危害。
语言对比与翻译(3)词汇比较
(4)英语中有些拟声词兼做及物或不及物动词，有些 声音带有动作，汉译时常需要把动作方式和动作 分别表达出来。 Eg： a1. He banged at the door. 他砰砰砰地敲门。 a2. Helen banged the door open and ran blindly out into the train. 海伦砰地一声把门踢开，没头没脑地冲进雨中。
2.纯拟声词
（1）拟声词多循着各自的音系系统去模仿，肯定都 “失真”，英汉语中真正相似的拟声词很少 （2）英语中的多半属于动词或名词，可做谓语、主 语或宾语。 （3）汉语中的多带形容词性质，可做定语、状语或 谓语。 （4）翻译时注意拟声词使用的描述对象。
拟声词的描述对象 例如：
狮吼 虎啸 狼嚎 to roar to growl to howl
（5）英语介词短语可以后置，修饰名词短语 a. There was a Hispanic girl in special education because she just never learned to read. 有个西班牙女孩，她从没学会阅读，正在接受特殊 教育。 b. If a protein appears or disappears completely, investigations can be focused on the protein in question. 如果一种蛋白质出现或完全消失了，研究工作就可 以集中在这个有问题的蛋白质上。
பைடு நூலகம்
英语介词的不同之处
（1）表达事物所处状态时，需介词引出 a. He soul was at peace. 他心里好受了。 b.Tracking a group of 49 dialysis patients, scientists found that they were mostly in good moods and just as happy as a healthy control group of 49. 通过对49名透析病人的跟踪调查，科学家发现这组 病人大都精神良好，幸福感和控制组的49名健康 人一样。
英汉互译 汉语词汇的英译
并列关系 安定团结 stability and unity 典雅大方 elegant and graceful 送旧迎新 to set off the old and welcome the new 改革开放 reform and opening up 丰衣足食 well-fed and well clothed
2. 根据具体搭配
进行 进行一场激烈的争论 to carry on a spirited debate 进行实地调查 to make an on-the-spot investigation
进行亲切的谈话
to have a cordial conversation 进行核试验
单
名单 List 菜单 Menu 帐单 Bill 保险单 Policy 订阅单 Subscription form 床单 Bed sheet 传单 Leaflet
表
履历表 Resume
病历表 Case history form 时间表 Time table 日程表 Schedule
汉英翻译
系列专题: 词
短语
句子 长句 语段
课程网站：分享资源 Hust
2009
Discussion
1．馆：
博物馆、图书馆、旅馆、宾馆、大使馆、领事馆 、茶馆、饭馆、理发馆、体育馆、展览馆、文化
馆、美术馆、科技馆、天文馆、照相馆…… 1．museum，library，hotel，guest house， embassy，consulate，tea house，restaurant， barber’s shop，gymnasium，exhibition hall， cultural center，art gallery，science and technology center，planetarium，photo studio． ．．
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4. 跳出字面选择合乎逻辑的词义 胆小如鼠: as timid as a rat/rabbit 落汤鸡: a drowned rat 养虎为患: to cherish a snake in one’s bosom 瓮中捉鳖: like a rat in the hole 如鱼得水: like a duck to water 愚蠢如猪: as stupid as a goose 犟得像头牛: as stubborn as a donkey/mule 像热锅上的蚂蚁： Like a hen on a hot girdle
3.根据搭配选择合适的词义
身体好，学习好，工作好。 Keep fit, study hard and work hard. 化 经济法制化: manage economic affairs within a framework 经济全球化: economic globalization 社会知识化: build a knowledge-driven society 国际关系民主化: the practice of democracy in international relations 国民经济信息化: build an information-based national economy 科研成果产业化: apply scientific research results to industrial production
3. 他们对这项计划提出了修改的意见。
4. 大家对这一做法很有意见。 5. 他们在会上闹起了意见。 6. 你应该听从医生的意见。 7. 他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。
8. 还有些未完成的事要处理。
9. 我们就这件事请教过他。 10.请回去吧，这里没你的事了。
翻译练习
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一窝蜜蜂 一窝小鸡 一窝幼犬 一群美女 一群猎狗 一群鸭 一群羚羊
汉译英时，要注意动词和宾语的搭配：
进行社会主义革命 进行一场激烈的争论 进行实地调查
to carry out socialist revolution
to carry on a spirited debate
to make an on-the-spot investigation to have a cordial conversation to commit aggression to hold consultation with
•3.根据搭配选词
Empty: house, room, cup, box, stomach, head, words表示“空 的，一无所有的” Vacant: position, room, house, seat表示“没有人占有的；空 缺的” Hollow: tree, voice, sound, cheeks表示“空洞的，虚的；不实 的；下陷的” Blank: look, mind, page, check表示“空白的，无表情的，无 思想的”
例2：“轻巧”的译法 • • • • • • 这摩托车很轻巧。 The motorcycle is light and handy. 她动作很轻巧。 She is nimble in movement. 你说得倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were just a walkover. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too?
二、翻译中的选词
• 1.根据语义范围选词 • 总之，几年的实践表明，我们搞改革、开放的路子是对了。 • Of course, our achievements in the last few years have proved the correctness of our policies of reform and opening to the outside world. • 中国应该用时间向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政 治，永不称霸。 • China should show the world through its actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. • 这是中国从几十年建设中得出的经验。 • That is what we have learnt from decades of development.
打篮球
打农药
play basketball
spray insecticide
• 两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。 • The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern. • 党员应该虚心倾听群众意见。 • Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. • 他们对这项计划提出了修改意见。 • They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. • 大家对这一做法很有意见。 • Everyone complained against such a practice. • 他们在会上闹起了意见。 • They had a dispute at the meeting. • 你应该听从医生的意见。 • You should follow the doctor’s advice. • 他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。 • They reached a consensus on this issue.
• 2.从近义词中选词
生气发怒: angry表示一般生气, irate表示怒形于色, indignant表示义愤, wrathful表示盛怒, enraged表示狂怒, infuriated表示因愤恨而愤怒之意, incensed则有激怒之意。 打破：break最一般、最通用的词语, 意思是经打击或施压 而破碎；crack出现了裂缝，但还没有变成碎片； crush从 外面用力往内或从上往下而致碎； demolish破坏或铲平 （如土堆、建筑物、城堡等）； destroy完全摧毁，使之无 法复原； shatter突然使一物体粉碎；smash由于突如其来 的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。
计划订好了。 The plan has been drawn up. 好，今天到此为止。 Well, let us call it a day. 你好。 How do you do?( or Hello!) 你留个电话，有事好跟你联系。 Give me your telephone number so that I can contact you when necessary. 今天下午好几个人找你。 Quite a few people came in looking for you this afternoon. 今天好热。 How hot it is today! 电影要放好长时间？ How long will the film last?
汉英词汇比较与翻译
一、翻译中的选义 1. 根据词典释义选择合适的词义
2. 根据语境选择合适的词义
例1：“好”的译法 好的开始是成功的一半。 Well begun, half done. 他身体很好。 He is very well. (or He is in the pink of health.) 邻居对她都很好。 Her neighbors are all very kind to her. 这我们好解决。 The problem can be easily solved.
例3：“考察”的译法 • 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足 迹几乎遍布全国。 • In his lifetime, Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, toured 16 provinces, leaving his footmarks in nearly every corner of the country. • 为了进行真实、细致的考察，他很少乘船、坐车。 • In order to get a detailed and truthful picture of the places he visited, he usually travelled on foot even when carriages and boats were available. • 他总是选择道路艰险的山区、人迹罕至的森林进行考察。 • He always preferred to venture into mountainous areas with rough tracks, and into forests seldom visited by human beings.
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还有些未完成的事要处理。 There is still some unfinished business to settle. 我们就这件事请教过他。 We have consulted him about the matter. 请回去吧，这里没你的事了。 Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now.
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A swarm of bees A brood of chickens A litter of pups A bevy of beautiful ladies A pack of hounds A team of ducks A herd of antelopes
• 积极支持: unfailing support • 积极的财政政策: proactive fiscal policy • 积极利用国外资源: make effective use of over意词语的不同搭配 一窝蜜蜂 一群美女 积极支持