英语翻译--汉译英2 汉英词汇比较与翻译
unit 2 词汇翻译 2
春节，又称农历新年，它是中国最重大的传统节 日。时间通常在一月底，二月初，象征着一年辛 劳后，冬春之交的休息和放松，也象征了喜庆。 The Spring Festival, also known as the Lunar New Year, is the greatest traditional festival. It is usually a time between late January or early February, which means rest and relaxation between winter and spring after a year’s toil, and means celebration as well.
春节前，人们打扫屋子、在大门上贴大红对联、 放鞭炮。据传说，这样做是为了驱赶一个叫“年 ”的魔鬼。除夕之夜，一大家子定会在一起会餐 ，最受欢迎的主食是饺子，人们认为它能带来好 运吉祥。 Before the Spring Festival, people clean their houses, put red couplets on their gates, and set off firecrackers, according to fairy tales, for driving a demon named Nian away. On the eve of the Spring Festival, a gettogether banquet is a must, and the most popular food is Jiaozi, which is supposed to bring good fortune.
1） 减省语气助词 汉译英时语气助词多半要省略。 真的呢，再没有比这种童子面更好看的茶花了。（杨朔，《 茶花赋》） It’s true. No flowers are lovelier than children’s faces. 我想到李白杜甫在那遥远的年代，以一叶扁舟搏浪急进，该 是多么雄伟的搏斗，会激发诗人多少瑰丽的诗思啊！（刘白 羽，《长江三日》） This makes me think of the poets Li Bai and Du Fu in those ancient days when they sailed upstream against the current and how such a magnificent struggle would stir the poets’ great imagination.
汉译英_词汇的翻译
送
• 老师送我一本书作为生日礼物。 • My teacher gave me a book as my birthday gift.
• 亲戚们送给她一笔钱作为她的学费。
• The relatives of hers offered her a sum of money as her tuition fee.
• 所谓选词，即在正确理解原文的基础上，选出 适当的词去表达原文的意思。正确选词是保证 译文质量的重要条件，词的选择应从下面几个 方面入手。 1．正确理解原文词义：词的正确选择首先取决 于对原文词义的正确理解，而这一点有首先取 决于对原文上下文的推敲。英译汉、汉译英的 情况都是这样。
意思
• • • • • 甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。 乙：你这人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？ 甲：哎，只是意思意思。 乙：啊，真是不好意思。 甲：This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation. Please take it. • 乙: Oh, aren’t you a bit too polite? You shouldn’t do that. • 甲：Well, it just conveys my gratitude. • 乙：Ah, thank you then, though I really don’t deserve it.
纺织品 纸币 四季豆 防水油布 高中 黄皮书、黄页 变质的奶 公共厕所 承认说的错话 当心，留神 假正经
• • • • •
• • • •
• •
dried goods joss paper mung bean oily skin university/ college pornography yogurt lounge break a promise look outside yes-man
英语翻译--汉译英2. 汉英词汇比较与翻译
• 还有些未完成的事要处理。 • There is still some unfinished business to settle. • 我们就这件事请教过他。 • We have consulted him about the matter. • 请回去吧，这里没你的事了。 • Please go back. There is nothing of your concern
not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too?
例3：“考察”的译法
• 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足 迹几乎遍布全国。
• In his lifetime, Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, toured 16 provinces, leaving his footmarks in nearly every corner of the country.
• 这是中国从几十年建设中得出的经验。 • That is what we have learnt from decades of development.
• 2.从近义词中选词
生气发怒: angry表示一般生气, irate表示怒形于色, indignant表示义愤, wrathful表示盛怒, enraged表示狂怒, infuriated表示因愤恨而愤怒之意, incensed则有激怒之意。
•3.根据搭配选词
Empty: house, room, cup, box, stomach, head, words表示“空 的，一无所有的” Vacant: position, room, house, seat表示“没有人占有的；空 缺的” Hollow: tree, voice, sound, cheeks表示“空洞的，虚的；不实 的；下陷的” Blank: look, mind, page, check表示“空白的，无表情的，无 思想的”
汉译英笔记
1.例子：现在必须采取措施来保护环境（表目的）分析：找主语－>无主语，也就是无主句。
无主语：对应英文三种句型：形式主语、there be 句型、被动句型。
形式主语:It is necessary ['nesəs(ə)rɪ] /essential [ɪ'senʃ(ə)l] / imperative /ɪm'perətɪv/to take/ adopt measures to protect the environment.（不定式表目的）essential, imperative。
能用高级词汇就用高级词汇。
adopt: 有两个意思，采取采纳；收养；there be 句型There is necessity [nə'sɛsəti] to adopt measures to protect the environment.被动句型(找被动句型的主语－：措施)Measures should be adopted (taken) to protect the environment.特殊句型：是到做某事的时候了It is time to do sth.... 是到做某事的时候了It is high time to adopt measures to protect the environment.（更加地道）。
使用从句，从句使用虚拟语气，动词用一般过去时It is high time that measures were adopted to protect the environment确定句型、结构1)确定基准时态，能够避免犯大的语法错误比如：记叙文――一般过去时，以及他的变化议论文、说明文――一般现在时。
对照原文，首先检查译文是否正确的转述了原文的内容，是否有错译和漏译；其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如：时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等，发现错误，及时改正。
汉英词汇比较与翻译
第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义翻译包括理解和表达两个过程。
要做好翻译，首先要对原文进行正确的理解。
但汉语和英语中都有很普遍的一词多义现象，却给理解和表达都带来了很大的困难。
一．根据词典释义选择合适的词义（略）二．根据语境选择合适的词义语义与语境关系密切。
同样的一个词，在不同的上下文里，就可能产生不同的意思。
英国语言学家Firth曾经说过：Each word is a new word in a new context (每个词在一个新的语境中就是一个新词)。
所以说，“多义词数量很多，但我们在语言的实际运用中，除少数歧义句外，却极少见到词的多义现象。
因为在一个具体语境中只使用多义词的其中一个义项”（傅敬民等，《英汉翻译辨析》，p10）。
先看英译汉的例子。
比如man这个词的翻译：man and wife 夫妻officers and men 官兵his man Friday 佣人，仆人man-of-war 战舰，军舰（尤指帆船）Be a man! 像个男子汉！（勇敢一些，坚强一些）另以straight为例：1. He is a straight thinker.2. Put your room straight.3. She keeps straight.4. The accounts are straight.5. They voted the straight ticket.6. She went straight home without going to the market.7. He was tall and straight and clear-eyed and dark.8. He is fairly straight with me.9. This is a very straight place.10．There are a lot of things we’ve got to get straight.11. Thanks for setting me straight.12. I believe I am thinking straight.13. He keeps a straight face.1．他的思路很有条理。
英汉句子比较与翻译
01
傅雷：东方人与西方人的思维方式有基本分歧，我人重综合，重归纳，重暗示，重含蓄；西方人则重分析，细微曲折，挖掘唯恐不尽，描写唯恐不周。
汉语学家王力：西洋语法是硬的，没有弹性；中国语法是软的，富有弹性。……所以中国语法以达意为主。 英国人写文章往往化零为整，而中国人写文章却往往化整为零。
1
2
3
5
这个问题必须予以处理。
6
This matter must be dealt with.
7
无被动助词
1
看似主动，但在主谓关系上却有被动含义，这种语言现象在汉语中大量存在。
2
例句：
3
那里讲什么语言？
4
What language is spoken there?
5
这个任务必须按时完成。
6
This task must be fulfilled in time.
There is nothing wrong with this computer.
这台电脑没有什么毛病。
2 –ible, -able 结尾的形容词作定语，与every, the only或形容词最高级连用来修饰一个名词时，也常需后置。 The doctors have tried every way possible. 大夫们已经试过各种可能的办法了。 They had the greatest difficulty imaginable getting there in time. 为了能及时赶到那儿，他们克服了极大的困难。 It is the only wild berry edible here in this area. 它是这个地区惟一能食用的野莓。
I worked very hard on this book.
汉译英_成语的翻译 2
二、 将四字词组译成短语，如介词短语、
副词短语、不定式短语
这种方法往往是套用英语中最简单的词
组或句型。
某位领导的讲话要求外交人员“立场坚
定、目光远大、头脑敏捷、业务熟练、 才华出众、风格高尚”， “A Chinese diplomat should be firm in stand, broad in vision, swift in wit, qualified in profession, outstanding in talent, noble in character.”
三、套用英语中意思相同及功能对等 的习语
四字词组中有很大一部分是固定词组，即成语。成语
往往带有浓厚的民族色彩和地方色彩。翻译时除了要 忠实地表达原文意义之外，还要尽可能保持原文成语 的形象比喻，丰富联想，修辞效果以及其民族、地方 特点等。有的成语和英语中的习语在内容和形式上都 相符合，双方不但有相同的意义和修辞色彩，并且有 相同或大体相同的形象比喻。汉译英时，如果遇到这 种情况，不妨直截了当地套用英语同义习语。这样的 译文可能会增色不少，基本能实现四字词组的美学价 值转移。
谚语俗语
亡羊补牢
Mend the fold after the sheep is stolen. 外来语 一尘不染 Free of dust 心花怒放
Be wild with joy\be elated
新生成语
分秒必争
Seize every minute and second Race against time 百花齐放
香港人、爱护香港人的旭日辉映下，满怀信心，升锚 启航，向着振兴中华，祖国统一的宏伟目标乘风奋进。 We are embarking on a new era. With the respect and trust from the entire nation, we will be much more equipped to sail forward with confidence and with conviction.We will play a part in facilitating the reunification of the entire nation, and bringing a better life to all in the nation.
【汉英特色词汇对比分析全英毕业论文】汉英词汇比较与翻译
【汉英特色词汇对比分析全英毕业论文】汉英词汇比较与翻译汉英特色词汇对比分析全英毕业论文Contents Abstract 1 Key words 1 1. Introduction 2 2. The formation Causes of Chinese Neologisms 3 2.1 Neologisms from foreign languages 3 2.2 Old Words with New Senses 4 2.3 Neologisms from Chinese dialects 5 3. Features of Chinese Neologisms 5 3.1 Freshness in Time 6 3.2 Freshness in Semantic Meaning 6 3.3 transformation from Abbreviations 6 3.4 Culture Loaded 6 4. Existing Problems in Translating Chinese Neologisms into English 7 5. Strategies for Chinese Neologisms Translation 11 5.1 Literal Translation 11 5.2 Literal Translation with Adding or Interpreting 12 5.3 Transliteration 13 5.4Transliteration with adding or Interpreting 14 5.5 Diversified Translation 15 6. Conclusion 15 Bibliography: 17 An analysis of the Chinese-English of Chinese Neologisms Name: No.: English Major Foreign Languages Department Supervisor: Title: Abstract: Language is a rather open system. With the development of social life and human development, language also plays an increasing key role in serving as a mirror of social changes. Chinese neologisms can be regarded as the most active and sensitive element. Ever since recent years,Chinese language has also witnessed great changes. Such changes mainly result in the increase of Chinese neologisms.Faced with the neologisms springing up,we should properly translating them or some of them into correct and idiomatic English.It becomes an issue of how to translate Chinese neologisms idiomatically and remain cultural flavor at the same time. To cope with the cultural aspects in translation of the heavily cultural-loaded neologisms, foreinization and domestication are the most important methods. And of the two methods, which to choose is another issue. This thesis attempts to seek for the most suitable methods to get the unique Chinese culture well-known by foreign friends. Key words: Chinese neologisms; translation strategies 摘要：语言是一个相当开放的系统，随着社会生活和人类发展而不断变化。
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4. 跳出字面选择合乎逻辑的词义 胆小如鼠: as timid as a rat/rabbit 落汤鸡: a drowned rat 养虎为患: to cherish a snake in one’s bosom 瓮中捉鳖: like a rat in the hole 如鱼得水: like a duck to water 愚蠢如猪: as stupid as a goose 犟得像头牛: as stubborn as a donkey/mule 像热锅上的蚂蚁： Like a hen on a hot girdle
3.根据搭配选择合适的词义
身体好，学习好，工作好。 Keep fit, study hard and work hard. 化 经济法制化: manage economic affairs within a framework 经济全球化: economic globalization 社会知识化: build a knowledge-driven society 国际关系民主化: the practice of democracy in international relations 国民经济信息化: build an information-based national economy 科研成果产业化: apply scientific research results to industrial production
3. 他们对这项计划提出了修改的意见。
4. 大家对这一做法很有意见。 5. 他们在会上闹起了意见。 6. 你应该听从医生的意见。 7. 他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。
8. 还有些未完成的事要处理。
9. 我们就这件事请教过他。 10.请回去吧，这里没你的事了。
翻译练习
• • • • • • •
一窝蜜蜂 一窝小鸡 一窝幼犬 一群美女 一群猎狗 一群鸭 一群羚羊
汉译英时，要注意动词和宾语的搭配：
进行社会主义革命 进行一场激烈的争论 进行实地调查
to carry out socialist revolution
to carry on a spirited debate
to make an on-the-spot investigation to have a cordial conversation to commit aggression to hold consultation with
•3.根据搭配选词
Empty: house, room, cup, box, stomach, head, words表示“空 的，一无所有的” Vacant: position, room, house, seat表示“没有人占有的；空 缺的” Hollow: tree, voice, sound, cheeks表示“空洞的，虚的；不实 的；下陷的” Blank: look, mind, page, check表示“空白的，无表情的，无 思想的”
例2：“轻巧”的译法 • • • • • • 这摩托车很轻巧。 The motorcycle is light and handy. 她动作很轻巧。 She is nimble in movement. 你说得倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were just a walkover. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too?
二、翻译中的选词
• 1.根据语义范围选词 • 总之，几年的实践表明，我们搞改革、开放的路子是对了。 • Of course, our achievements in the last few years have proved the correctness of our policies of reform and opening to the outside world. • 中国应该用时间向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政 治，永不称霸。 • China should show the world through its actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. • 这是中国从几十年建设中得出的经验。 • That is what we have learnt from decades of development.
打篮球
打农药
play basketball
spray insecticide
• 两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。 • The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern. • 党员应该虚心倾听群众意见。 • Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. • 他们对这项计划提出了修改意见。 • They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. • 大家对这一做法很有意见。 • Everyone complained against such a practice. • 他们在会上闹起了意见。 • They had a dispute at the meeting. • 你应该听从医生的意见。 • You should follow the doctor’s advice. • 他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。 • They reached a consensus on this issue.
• 2.从近义词中选词
生气发怒: angry表示一般生气, irate表示怒形于色, indignant表示义愤, wrathful表示盛怒, enraged表示狂怒, infuriated表示因愤恨而愤怒之意, incensed则有激怒之意。 打破：break最一般、最通用的词语, 意思是经打击或施压 而破碎；crack出现了裂缝，但还没有变成碎片； crush从 外面用力往内或从上往下而致碎； demolish破坏或铲平 （如土堆、建筑物、城堡等）； destroy完全摧毁，使之无 法复原； shatter突然使一物体粉碎；smash由于突如其来 的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。
计划订好了。 The plan has been drawn up. 好，今天到此为止。 Well, let us call it a day. 你好。 How do you do?( or Hello!) 你留个电话，有事好跟你联系。 Give me your telephone number so that I can contact you when necessary. 今天下午好几个人找你。 Quite a few people came in looking for you this afternoon. 今天好热。 How hot it is today! 电影要放好长时间？ How long will the film last?
汉英词汇比较与翻译
一、翻译中的选义 1. 根据词典释义选择合适的词义
2. 根据语境选择合适的词义
例1：“好”的译法 好的开始是成功的一半。 Well begun, half done. 他身体很好。 He is very well. (or He is in the pink of health.) 邻居对她都很好。 Her neighbors are all very kind to her. 这我们好解决。 The problem can be easily solved.
例3：“考察”的译法 • 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足 迹几乎遍布全国。 • In his lifetime, Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, toured 16 provinces, leaving his footmarks in nearly every corner of the country. • 为了进行真实、细致的考察，他很少乘船、坐车。 • In order to get a detailed and truthful picture of the places he visited, he usually travelled on foot even when carriages and boats were available. • 他总是选择道路艰险的山区、人迹罕至的森林进行考察。 • He always preferred to venture into mountainous areas with rough tracks, and into forests seldom visited by human beings.
• • • • • •
还有些未完成的事要处理。 There is still some unfinished business to settle. 我们就这件事请教过他。 We have consulted him about the matter. 请回去吧，这里没你的事了。 Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now.
• • • • • • •
A swarm of bees A brood of chickens A litter of pups A bevy of beautiful ladies A pack of hounds A team of ducks A herd of antelopes
• 积极支持: unfailing support • 积极的财政政策: proactive fiscal policy • 积极利用国外资源: make effective use of over意词语的不同搭配 一窝蜜蜂 一群美女 积极支持