工程造价专业英语题库1

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工程造价专业英语课后答案

⏹（一）1.政府机构governmental agency2.承包商contractor3.分包商subcontractor4.建筑师architect5.保险公司insurance company6.担保公司surety company7.材料商material dealer/supplier8.施工现场construction site⏹（二）项目规划设计和施工project planning,designand construction临时设施temporary job facilities项目预算project budget投资和合同授予过程bidding and contractaward process质量控制quality control项目的监督project supervision7.进度款progress payment合同变更contract change满足业主要求suit the individual owner'srequirements以业主的名义in the name of the owner（三）卷入诉讼------ be involved in litigation公共工程------ public work承包商的注册-- contractors’ register某此因素------ certain factors合同工期------ duration of contract相对重要性---- relative importance担保能力------ bonding capacity现有工作任务-- current workload（四）投标公告notice to bidders招标邀请函invitation to bidders标书格式bid forms标书分析bid analysis主要供应商major supplier投标保函bid bonds未预见情况unforeseen circumstances质量保证期quality guarantee period标书接收的地点和时间the time and placefor the receipt of bids警察，消防和街道代表police, fire,and street department representatives●（五）材料价格material price分包商的报价subcontractor's quotation机具设备租赁费equipment hire rates向供应商询价enquire supplier工程量清单bill of quantitie s墙砖wall tiles / brick防潮层damp-proof courses水泥cement粗骨料coarse aggregates回扣discount◆（六）平面布置图和立面图schematic layouts and elevations 规划许可planning permission建筑业管理许可building regulations approval工程质量project quality装修工程的造价the cost of decoration projects合同文本contract documents合同图纸contract drawings承包人义务contractor's obligations指定供应商和分包商specified suppliers andsubcontractors开工和竣工时期the start and completion dates中期付款interim payments缺陷责任期the defects liability period⏹（七）法律框架legal framework相关各方parties concerned标准文本standard forms 标准条款standard clauses特殊条款special clauses业主姓名the name of the employer工料测量师quantity surveyor公共机构public bodys签名和印章signature and seal印花税stamp duty●（八）投标明细或价值明细表bid breakdownor schedule of values污水处理厂wastewater treatment plant地下管线underground utility lines道路改建roads improvements开挖与回填excavation and backfill筑堤embankment延长英尺linear feet平方英尺square feet延期罚款条款liquidated damages clausesfor delay工程造价construction pricing /cost ofconstruction管理费和利润overhead and profit合同管理contract administration（九）造价师/工料测量师quantity surveyor建筑设计阶段building design stage可行性分析阶段feasible analysis stage概算approximate estimate施工图设计阶段construction drawingdesign stage建筑面积floor spac e成本效益分析cost and profit analysis养护费maintenance cost◆（十一）项目经理project manager现场管理Management of construction field 项目成本和时间控制project cost and timecontrol技术复杂性technical complexity施工方法construction methods设计阶段design stage材料替代material substitute/alternatives管理机构regulatory agency材料和设备供应商material and equipmentsuppliers材料和设备的运输时间the delivery timesf materials and project equipmentTwelve总承包商the general contractor业主the owner影响费用impact costs间接损失consequential damages项目总进度计划overall project schedule项目网络图project network变更条款change clauses备忘录memoranda延迟提交索赔defer claims submission提出索赔file a claim《十三》总进度计划Master schedule项目的实施The implementation of the project竣工验收Final acceptance工程量表Engineering scale实际完成工程量The actual completion of engineering quantity《十四》工期索赔Claim for extension of time费用索赔Cost claim合同价格的变动Contract price费用的估价The cost estimate证明材料Materials of proof。

工程英语测试题及答案

工程英语测试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the term used to describe the process of turning raw materials into finished products?A. FabricationB. AssemblyC. MachiningD. Casting答案：A2. The primary function of a ________ is to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.A. MotorB. GeneratorC. TransformerD. Inverter答案：A3. In engineering, the term "stress" refers to:A. The internal resistance of a material to deformationB. The force applied to a materialC. The change in shape of a materialD. The rate of change of force答案：A4. Which of the following is not a type of welding process?A. Arc weldingB. Gas weldingC. Ultrasonic weldingD. Friction welding答案：C5. The process of designing and building a structure is known as:A. EngineeringB. ArchitectureC. ConstructionD. All of the above答案：D6. What does the abbreviation "CAD" stand for in the field of engineering?A. Computer-Aided DesignB. Computer-Aided DraftingC. Computer-Aided DevelopmentD. Computer-Aided Documentation答案：A7. The SI unit for pressure is:A. PascalB. NewtonC. JouleD. Watt答案：A8. A ________ is a type of joint that allows for relative movement between connected parts.A. Rigid jointB. Revolute jointC. Fixed jointD. Pin joint答案：B9. The process of removing material from an object to achieve the desired shape is known as:A. MachiningB. CastingC. ForgingD. Extrusion答案：A10. In engineering, the term "specification" refers to:A. A detailed description of the requirements of aprojectB. A list of materials to be used in a projectC. The estimated cost of a projectD. The timeline for a project答案：A二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The ________ is the process of cutting a flat surface ona material.答案：sawing12. A ________ is a type of bearing that allows for rotation.答案：ball bearing13. The term "gearing" refers to the use of gears to transmit ________.答案：motion14. The ________ is the study of the properties of materials.答案：material science15. In a hydraulic system, a ________ is used to control the flow of fluid.答案：valve16. The ________ is the process of heating and cooling a material to alter its physical properties.答案：heat treatment17. The ________ is a tool used to measure the hardness of a material.答案：hardness tester18. A ________ is a type of joint that connects two parts ata fixed angle.答案: hinge joint19. The ________ is the process of joining two pieces ofmetal by heating them to a molten state.答案：fusion welding20. The ________ is the study of the behavior of structures under load.答案：structural analysis三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Define the term "mechanical advantage" in engineering.答案：Mechanical advantage is the ratio of output force to input force in a simple machine, indicating how much the machine amplifies the force applied to it.22. Explain the concept of "factor of safety" in engineering design.答案：The factor of safety is a ratio used in engineering to ensure that a structure or component can withstand loads beyond the maximum expected in service, providing a margin of safety against failure.23. What is the purpose of a "stress-strain curve" in material testing?答案：A stress-strain curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between the stress applied to a material and the resulting strain, used to determine the material's mechanical properties such as elasticity, yield strength, and ultimate strength.24. Describe the difference between "static" and "dynamic" loads in engineering.答案：Static loads are constant forces that do not changeover time, while dynamic loads are forces that vary in magnitude or direction over time, often due to movement or vibrations.25. What is "creep" in the context of material behavior under load?答案：Creep。

造价专业英语答案

project manager Management of construction field project cost and time control technical complexity construction methods design stage material substitute/alternatives regulatory agency material and equipment suppliers
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10. 材料和设备的运输时间 the delivery times of materials and project equipment
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Unit twelve
1. New Words and Expressions 2. Text Study 3. Exercises
1. 总承包商 2. 业主 3. 影响费用 4. 间接损失 5. 项目总进度计划 6. 项目网络图 7. 变更条款 8. 备忘录 9. 延迟提交索赔 10. 提出索赔
10
Unit eight
1. New Words and Expressions 2. Text Study 3. Exercises
1. 投标明细或价值明细表 2. 污水处理厂 3. 地下管线 4. 道路改建 5. 开挖与回填 6. 筑堤 7. 延长英尺 8. 平方英尺 9. 延期罚款条款 10. 工程造价 11. 管理费和利润 12. 合同管理
2
Ⅴ. Put the following Chinese into English
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
卷入诉讼-----公共工程-----承包商的注册-某此因素-----合同工期-----相对重要性---担保能力-----现有工作任务--

工程造价专业英语考试答案

⏹(一）1.政府机构governmental agency2.承包商contractor3.分包商subcontractor4.建筑师architect5.保险公司insurance company6.担保公司surety company7.材料商material dealer/supplier8.施工现场construction site⏹（二）项目规划设计和施工project planning, design and construction临时设施temporary job facilities项目预算project budget投资和合同授予过程b idding and contract award process质量控制quality control项目的监督project supervision进度款progress payment合同变更contract change满足业主要求suit the individual owner's requirements以业主的名义in the name of the owner◆（三）卷入诉讼------ be involved in litigation公共工程------ public work承包商的注册-- contractors’ register某此因素------ certain factors合同工期------ duration of contract相对重要性---- relative importance担保能力------ bonding capacity现有工作任务-- current workload⏹（四）投标公告notice to bidders招标邀请函invitation to bidders标书格式bid forms标书分析bid analysis主要供应商major supplier投标保函bid bonds未预见情况unforeseen circumstances质量保证期quality guarantee period标书接收的地点和时间the time and place for the receipt of bids警察，消防和街道代表police, fire, and street department representatives●（五）材料价格material price 分包商的报价subcontractor's quotation机具设备租赁费equipment hire rates向供应商询价enquire supplier工程量清单bill of quantitie s墙砖wall tiles / brick防潮层damp-proof courses水泥cement粗骨料coarse aggregates回扣discount◆（六）平面布置图和立面图schematic layouts and elevations 规划许可planning permission建筑业管理许可building regulations approval工程质量project quality装修工程的造价the cost of decoration projects合同文本contract documents合同图纸contract drawings承包人义务contractor's obligations指定供应商和分包商specified suppliers and subcontractors开工和竣工时期the start and completion dates中期付款interim payments缺陷责任期the defects liability period⏹（七）法律框架legal framework相关各方parties concerned标准文本standard forms标准条款standard clauses特殊条款special clauses业主姓名the name of the employer工料测量师quantity surveyor公共机构public bodys签名和印章signature and seal印花税stamp duty●（八）投标明细或价值明细表bid breakdown or schedule of values污水处理厂wastewater treatment plant地下管线underground utility lines道路改建roads improvements开挖与回填excavation and backfill筑堤embankment延长英尺linear feet平方英尺square feet延期罚款条款liquidated damages clauses for delay工程造价construction pricing /cost of construction管理费和利润overhead and profit合同管理contract administration（九）造价师/工料测量师quantity surveyor建筑设计阶段building design stage可行性分析阶段feasible analysis stage概算approximate estimate施工图设计阶段construction drawing design stage建筑面积floor spac e成本效益分析cost and profit analysis养护费maintenance cost◆（十一）项目经理project manager现场管理Management of construction field项目成本和时间控制project cost and time control 技术复杂性technical complexity施工方法construction methods设计阶段design stage材料替代material substitute/alternatives管理机构regulatory agency材料和设备供应商material and equipmentsuppliers材料和设备的运输时间the delivery times ofmaterials and project equipment（十二）总承包商the general contractor业主the owner影响费用impact costs间接损失consequential damages项目总进度计划overall project schedule项目网络图project network变更条款change clauses备忘录memoranda延迟提交索赔defer claims submission提出索赔file a claim(十三)确保及时付款ensure timely payment提出和批准变更initiate and approve change主持现场会议support at the meeting谈判变更令negotiation to change加快验收和批准to speed up the acceptance andapproval评估索赔evaluate claim深化图和样品deepening figure and samples管理机电分包arrange for agency inspection控制临时设施contiol temporary facility执行施工计划construction plan of implementation 确认竣工图confirm completion figure drawing解释合同文件explain contract document仲裁争端arbitrates disputs监督试验程序supervition and experimental procedure 项目的实施project initiation竣工验收completion acceptance approval工程量表bill of quantity实际完成工程量actual finish of engineening工期索赔time claim费用索赔cost claim合同价格的变动the contract price fluctuation证明材料substantiation material。

职业院校造价专业英语试卷

班级：姓名：学号：一、单项填空(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)1. Don't be afraid of asking for help ____ it is needed.A. unlessB. sinceC. althoughD. when2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ___ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. tosmokeD. smoked3. Allen had to call at taxi because the box was ____ to carry all the way home.A. much too heavyB. too much heavyC. heavy too muchD. too heavy much4.-Sorry，Joe，I didn't mean to...-Don't call me"Joe"，I'm MrParker to you，and ____ you forget it！A.doB.didn'tC.didD.don't5. If anybody calls, tell them I'm out and ask them to___their name and address.A.passB.writeC.takeD.leave6. The sign reads "In case of____fire，break the glass and push___red button."A.不填；aB.不填；theC.the；theD.a；a7. All morning she waited for the medical report from the doctor , her nervousness__.A.has grownB.is growingC.grewD.had grown8. A left luggage office is a place where bags__be left for a short time，especially at a railway station.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will9. We're going to the book store in John's car. Y ou can come with us___you can meet us there later.A.butB.andC.orD.then10. Why don't you put the meat in the fridge？It will___fresh for several days.A.be stayedB.stayC.be stayingD.have stayed二、阅读理解(共8小题；每小题5分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

工程造价专业英语

2
一． Newconsiderable ａ．值得考虑的，相当多的２． familiarize ｖｔ．使熟悉，使通晓３．intricate [ 'intrikit]ａ．复杂的，错综的，难懂的
４．time- consuming ａ．花费大量时间的
3
5. undertaking n.所承担的工作、任务、项目 e.g. He is interested in buying the club as a commercial undertaking.( 他有意购买那个俱乐部作为投资） undertake v.承担（某事物），负起„责任 9. successive a.连续的，接连的
Paragraph 3 2)The total development of a project normally consist of …
consist of : be composed of : be made up of（由某事物构成） 3）the typical job passes through… pass through : experience(经历）
32. to adapt oneself to (适应于„，习惯于„）
e.g. She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.
adapt sth (for sth) 修改某事物
5
二.Text Study
Paragraph 2
1) to familiarize the reader with…(使读者熟悉）
be typified by : be characterized by 以…为特征，成为…的特征
7
Notes

设计造价考研英语真题答案

设计造价考研英语真题答案Introduction:In recent years, the field of architecture and design has witnessed a significant increase in popularity and demand. As a result, the competition in the industry has become increasingly fierce, leading many aspiring designers to pursue higher education to enhance their skills and knowledge. One important aspect of this journey is the Design and Cost Evaluation postgraduate entrance examination, commonly known as the Design Cost Exam. In this article, we will provide answers and explanations to some of the questions from the Design Cost Exam in order to assist aspiring candidates in their preparation for this challenging test.Section 1: Listening ComprehensionQuestion 1:According to the conversation, why is the man consulting the woman?Answer: To improve the environmental performance of his design project.Explanation: The man seeks advice from the woman in order to enhance the sustainability and environmental impact of his design project.Question 2:What is the main topic of the news report?Answer: The completion of a large-scale architectural project.Explanation: The news report focuses on the successful completion of a significant architectural project, highlighting its scale and importance.Section 2: Vocabulary and StructureQuestion 3:Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentence:The architect ________ the design to the clients last week.a) presentsb) will presentc) presentedd) has presentedAnswer: c) presentedExplanation: The past simple tense is used in this sentence to indicate that the architect completed the action of presenting the design to the clients in the past.Question 4:Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence:The design team worked ________ to meet the project deadline.a) hardlyb) hardc) heavilyd) hardyAnswer: b) hardExplanation: The word "hard" is the correct adverb to describe the intensity or effort put in by the design team to meet the project deadline.Section 3: Reading ComprehensionPassage 1:Question 5:According to the passage, what is the main challenge faced by architects and designers in the construction industry?Answer: Balancing design aesthetics with cost efficiency.Explanation: The passage discusses the difficulty of achieving a balance between aesthetic design and cost-effectiveness, suggesting that this is the primary challenge faced by professionals in the field.Question 6:Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?Answer: The use of advanced technologies can help streamline the design process.Explanation: The passage mentions the benefits of utilizing advanced technologies, implying that their implementation can contribute to the streamlining of the design process.Passage 2:Question 7:According to the passage, what is the purpose of a cost estimate in the design process?Answer: To determine the budget and feasibility of a project.Explanation: The passage explains the role of cost estimates in the design process, emphasizing their significance in determining project budget and feasibility.Question 8:What is the advantage of using parametric cost estimating methods mentioned in the passage?Answer: It allows for more accurate cost projections and risk assessments.Explanation: The passage highlights the advantages of using parametric cost estimating methods, specifically mentioning their ability to provide accurate cost projections and risk assessments.Conclusion:In this article, we have explored and provided accurate answers to various questions from the Design and Cost Evaluation postgraduate entrance examination. By understanding the content and structure of the exam, aspiring candidates can better prepare themselves for this critical evaluation. Remember, success in the field of design and architecture goes beyond theoretical knowledge and requires a deep understanding of practical applications, cost considerations, and sustainable practices. Good luck withyour Design Cost Exam preparation, and may your passion for design guide you on a successful career path.。

工程造价专业英语课后习题答案

工程造价专业英语课后习题答案一、句子翻译1.in its specifics ,each structure is tailed to suit its environment ,arranged to perform its own particular function ,and designed to reflect personal tastes and preferences . 具体来说，每一个建筑物都要适应它周围的环境，发挥它特有的功能，反映设计者的品味和喜好。

2.To some degree ,each construction project is unique ,and no two jobs are ever quite alike .从某种程度上来说，每一个建筑项目都是独一无二的，并且没有两个相同的项目。

3.It is unlikely ,that field construction will ever be able to adapt itself completely to the standardized methods and product uniformity of assembly-line production .建筑不可能完全适应标准化的方法和装配线生产的产品。

4.The objective of this approach is to treat project planning ,design ,and construction as integrated tasks within a construction system.该团队的目标是使工程规划、设计、建设成为工程项目系统之内的整合性的工作。

5.Adherence to construction schedules and budget constraints is the CM’s prime responsibility .确保在进度和成本约束下完成工程是项目经理的主要责任。

工程造价师英语

工程造价师英语
工程造价师在工作中可能会用到的一些常用英语词汇和短语包括：
1.Cost Estimate（成本估算）
2.Budget（预算）
3.Cost Control（成本控制）
4.Cost Management（成本管理）
5.Cost Analysis（成本分析）
6.Project Cost（项目成本）
7.Construction Cost（施工成本）
8.Estimate of Quantities（工程量估算）
9.Bill of Quantities（工程量清单）
10.Rate Analysis（费率分析）
11.Cost Variance（成本差异）
12.Cost Overrun（成本超支）
13.Value Engineering（价值工程）
14.Cost Benefit Analysis（成本效益分析）
15.Cost Savings（成本节约）
16.Cost Escalation（成本上涨）
17.Tender Document（招标文件）
18.Contract Price（合同价格）
19.Final Account（决算账户）
20.Cost Audit（成本审计）
这些词汇和短语可以帮助工程造价师在国际项目或与外国同事合作时进行有效的沟通。

然而，实际使用的词汇可能会因行业、地区或特定项目的需求而有所不同。

因此，建议工程造价师根据自己的实际情况，不断学习和掌握相关的专业英语词汇。

工程造价专业英语课后习题答案

5.Adherence to construction schedules and budget constraints is the CM’s prime responsibility .确保在进度和成本约束下完成工程是项目经理的主要责任。

(完整word版)工程造价英语专业英语期末考试必备答案

Unit11.政府机构-governmental agency2.承包商—contractor3.分包商—sub—contractor 4。

建筑师—architect5.保险公司-insurance company6.担保公司-surety company7.材料商—material dealer 8。

施工现场—construction site9.合同承包 contract letting 9.各行各业 walks of life10.全靠胆量 by sheer courage 11.土木工程 civil engineeringUnit21.项目规划、设计和施工-project planing，design，and construction2.临时设施-temporary job facilities3.项目预算—project budget4.投标合同授予过程—bidding and contract award5.质量控制—quality control6.项目的监督—project supervision7.进度款—progress payments 8。

合同变更-contract changes9.满足业主要求-suit the owner’s requirements10.以业主的名义-in the name of ownerUnit31.卷入诉讼-involve someone litigation2.公共工程—public work3.承包商的注册—contractor’s register 4。

某些因素-certain factor 5.合同工期-duration of contract 6.相对重要性—relative importance 7.担保能力-bonding capacity 8。

现有工作任务—current workloadUnit41.招标公告—notice to bidder 2。

建筑工程造价历年考试真题(精选)bec

建筑工程造价历年考试真题（精选）一、单项选择题1．工程施工招标可根据工程施工范围的大小及专业不同分为全部工程招标、专业工程招标以及( B )。

A．工程监理招标 B.单项工程招标C.勘察设计招标D.材料设备招标45根据《中华人民共和国招标投标法》的规定，采用邀请招标的建设项目，邀请投标的单位必须在( B )家以上。

A.2B.3C.4D.52．关于建设项目经济评价，以下说法有误的是（D）。

A、财务评价用于判别项目的财务可行性B、国民经济评价用于评价项目的经济合理性C、财务评价是国民经济评价的基础D、财务评价是决定建设项目是否可行的主要依据3．关于工程总承包，下列说法中错误的是（A）。

A、按照建设部令第124号规定发生专业工程分包时，总承包单位可按分包工程造价的1%—3%向分包方计取总承包服务费B、总承包单位自行完成工程范围内的临时道路、围墙等，不应向分包单位收取费用C、总承包单位不得向建设单位计取分包工程的脚手架、垂直运输机械等措施性项目的费用D、涉及分包工程的竣工资料整理费用，包括在总承包服务费中。

4．下列定额分类中属于按照生产要素消耗内容分类的是（B）。

A.材料定额、机械定额、工器具定额B.劳动定额、机械台班定额、材料消耗定额C.机械定额、材料定额、建筑工程定额D.资金定额、劳动定额、机械定额5．发生工程合同价格调整事项后，承包人提出合同调整报告的期限应按照合同约定执行，合同未约定期限的，按照（C）天的期限执行。

A、7B、10C、14D、156．下列关于我省03版计价规则的说法，有误的是（C）。

A、全部使用国有资金投资或者国有投资为主的大中型建设工程必须执行工程量清单计价B、建设工程造价计价模式分为工程量清单计价和定额计价两种模式C、工程量清单计价模式采用工料单价法D、综合单价法的分部分项项目单价采用除规费、税金外的全费用单价7．反映项目计算期内各年的现金收支，用以计算各项动态和静态评价指标，进行项目财务盈利能力分析的基本报表是（B）。

2019年工程造价工程师资格考试建筑工程专业英语历年真题解析

2019年工程造价工程师资格考试建筑工程专业英语历年真题解析Part I: 选择题解析1. A解析: 根据题干中的"what is 'budget cost'?"，定位到第一段最后一句"In construction, this cost is typically referred to as the 'budget cost'."，因此答案为A。

2. C解析: 根据题干中的"what is an 'addenda'?"，定位到第三段第一句"The addenda are additional drawings, specifications, or instructions that are issued by the architect or engineer during the bidding process."，因此答案为C。

3. B解析: 根据题干中的"how are bid bonds used in the bidding process?"，定位到第五段第一句"Bid bonds are used to ensure that the selected contractor will enter into a contract and provide the required performanceand payment bonds."，因此答案为B。

4. D解析: 根据题干中的"What is the purpose of the construction schedule?"，定位到第八段第一句"The construction schedule outlines the timeline and sequence of activities for the construction project."，因此答案为D。

工程造价专业英语第四版答案

工程造价专业英语第四版答案1、Obviously they didn’t see the significance of the plan. That is（）the problem lies. [单选题] *A. where(正确答案)B. whyC. /D. how2、30．I want to find ______ and make much money. [单选题] *A．worksB．jobC．a job(正确答案)D．a work3、The news is?_______. We are all _______ at it. [单选题] *A. exciting;?excited(正确答案)B. excited;?excitingC. exciting;?excitingD. excited;?excited4、There is something wrong with my teeth. I’ve had?a _______. [单选题] *A. toothache(正确答案)B. headacheC. stomachacheD. heartache5、Seldom _____ in such a rude way. [单选题] *A.we have been treatedB. we have treatedC. have we been treated(正确答案)D. have treated6、You cannot see the doctor _____ you have made an appointment with him. [单选题] *A. exceptB.evenC. howeverD.unless(正确答案)7、I _______ no idea of where the zoo is. [单选题] *A. thinkB. getC. have(正确答案)D. take8、—Where did you get the book?—From my friend. I ______ it three days ago. （）[单选题] *A. lentB. borrowed(正确答案)C. keptD. returned9、--What are you going to be in the future?--I want to be _______ actor. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. /10、I do not have my own room,_____. [单选题] *A. neither does Tom(正确答案)B. neither has TomC. so does TomD. so has Tom11、Leave your key with a neighbor ___ you lock yourself out one day [单选题] *A. ever sinceB. even ifC. soon afterD. in case(正确答案)12、I don’t know how to improve my English. Can I ask you for some _______? [单选题] *A. answersB. advice(正确答案)C. questionsD. words13、Nobody noticed the thief slip into the shop, because the lights happened to _______. [单选题] *A. put outB. turn outC. give outD. go out(正确答案)14、What’s the price and what sort of _______ do you offer? [单选题] *A. advantageB. accountC. displayD. discount(正确答案)15、The young man had decided to give up the chance of studying abroad, _____ surprised his parents a lot. [单选题] *A. whenB. whereC. which(正确答案)D. that16、—The weather in Shanghai is cool now, ______ it? —No, not exactly. （）[单选题] *A. doesn’tB. isC. isn’t(正确答案)D. does17、My brother will come to see me tomorrow. I’ll meet?_______ at the airport. [单选题] *A. herB. youC. him(正确答案)D. them18、1——May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.——_______ , thanks. Ithink I can manage. [单选题] *A. All rightB. No problemC. It’s all right(正确答案)D. There’s no way19、46．The pants look cool.You can ________. [单选题] *A．try it onB．try on itC．try them on(正确答案)D．try on them20、Is there going to ______ a football match in the stadium next month?（）[单选题] *A. beingB. haveC. be(正确答案)D. having21、We have _______ a double room with a bath for you in the hotel. [单选题] *A. boughtB. reserved(正确答案)C. madeD. taken22、There ______ a football match and a concert this weekend.（）[单选题] *A. isB. haveC. will be(正确答案)D. will have23、56．Sam is in a hurry. Maybe he has got ________ important to do. [单选题] * A．everythingB．nothingC．anythingD．something(正确答案)24、--Mom, I will not eat fast food this year. Believe me.--If you make a _______, you must keep it. [单选题] *A. jokeB. noiseC. mistakeD. promise(正确答案)25、In 2019 we moved to Boston,（）my grandparents are living. [单选题] *A. whoB. whenC. where(正确答案)D. for which26、How I wish I（）to repair the watch! I only made it worse. [单选题] *A. had triedB. hadn't tried(正确答案)C. have triedD.didn't try27、--Henry treats his secretary badly.--Yes. He seems to think that she is the _______ important person in the office. [单选题] *B. least(正确答案)C. lessD. most28、He kept walking up and down, which was a sure（）that he was very worried. [单选题] *A. sign(正确答案)B. characterC. natureD. end29、Customers see location as the first factor when_____a decision about buying a house. [单选题] *A.makeB.to makeC.making(正确答案)D.made30、27．Will it ______ warm in the room? [单选题] *A．areB．be(正确答案)D．going to be。

工程造价专业英语题库1

专业词组：Unit 1governmental agency 政府机构contractor 承包商subcontractor 分包商architect 建筑师insurance company 保险公司surety company 担保公司material dealer 材料供应商construction site 施工现场financial organization 金融机构engineer 工程师labor condition 劳动力状况Unit 2field staff=construction staff 施工人员project manager 项目经理project management 项目管理owner 业主construction manager 施工经理insure prompt payment 确保及时付款initiate and approves changes 提出和批准变更chair job meetings 主持现场会议facilitate inspection and approval 加快验收和批准evaluate claims 评估索赔control temporary facilities 控制临时设施enforce construction schedule 执行施工计划Unit 3involve in litigation 卷入诉讼public work 公共工程contractor’s register 承包商的注册duration of contract 合同工期bonding capacity 担保能力current workload 现有工作量prequalification 资格预审on-site resource survey 现场资源勘查material/labor balance of contract 材料和劳动力平衡interest in project 工程利润Unit 4notice to bidders 投标公告invitation to bidders 招标邀请函bid analysis 标书分析bid bonds 投标保函unforeseen circumstances 未预见情况quality guarantee period 质量保证期prebid meeting 标前会议a certified check 保付支票performance bonds 履约保函the time and place for the receipt of bids 标书接收的地点和时间Unit 5form of tender 投标书written offer 书面报价conditions of contract 合同条件minimum amount 最低限额bill of quantities 工程量清单the tender documents 投标文件instruction to tenders 投标说明time for completion 竣工时间the time allowed for tendering 投标时限Unit 6planning permission 规划许可building regulations approval 建筑业管理许可project quality 工程质量decoration projects estimate 装修工程的造价contract documents 合同文本contract drawings 合同图纸contractor's obligations 承包人义务specified suppliers and subcontractors 指定供应商和分包商start and completion dates 开工和竣工时期interim payment 中期付款defect obligation period 缺陷责任期the quality of work required 工程质量的要求the contractual conditions 合同条款the construction programme 施工计划Unit 7legal framework 法律框架standard forms 标准文本standard clauses 标准条款special clauses 特殊条款the names of the employer 业主姓名quantity surveyor 工料测量师public body 公共机构signature and seal 签名和印章Stamp duty 印花税articles of agreement 协议条款Unit 8bid breakdown or schedule of values 投标明细或价值明细表wastewater treatment plant 污水处理厂underground utility lines 地下管线roads or street improvements 道路改建project estimate 工程造价administration costs and profits 管理费和利润contract administration 合同管理lump sum contract 总价合同unit price contract 单价合同civil engineering 土木工程cost-plus contract 成本加酬金合同incentive contract 激励合同Unit 9floor area 建筑面积sketch plan 初步设计detail design 施工图设计parapet wall 女儿墙post-contract stage 合同运作阶段cost analysis 成本分析similar buildings 类似工程outline plan 规划方案concrete 混凝土cost planning 成本计划cost comparison 成本比较cost checking 成本核查cost monitoring 成本控制Umbrella term 总称Unit 10project planning、design and construction 项目规划、设计和施工temporary facilities 临时设施project budget 项目预算bidding and contract award process 投标和合同授予过程quality control 质量控制progress payment 进度款contract change 合同变更suit the owner's requirement 满足业主要求in the name of the owner 以业主的名义fast tracking 快速路径法，边设计边施工（方法）separate contractor 分包商shop drawing 施工图acceptance testing 验收检验construction supervision 工程监理Unit 11project manager 项目经理on-site management 现场管理project cost and time control 项目成本和时间控制technical complexity 技术复杂性construction methods 施工方法design stage 设计阶段material substitute 材料替代material and equipment suppliers 材料和设备供应商the delivery times of materials and equipment 材料和设备的运输时间total life-cycle cost 全寿命周期成本句子段落翻译：Unit 11.In its specifics ,each structure is tailed to suit its environment ,arranged to perform its own particular function ,and designed to reflect personal tastes and preferences.❖具体地说，每一个建筑物都要适应它周围的环境，发挥它特有的功能，反映设计者的品味和喜好。

工程造价专升本英语考试试题

工程造价专升本英语考试试题I. Vocabulary and structure (40分)1. The professor needs an assistant that he can to take care of problems in his absence.A. count inB. count upC. count onD. count out2.I am not sure whether l can get any profit from the business, so I can't make a(n) decisionabout what to do next.A. exactB. deniedC. sureD. definite3. Because of the cold weather, they through the night in the camp.A. kept the burning fireB. kept the fire burningC. kept the fire burntD. kept burning the fire4. Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are in stores.A. readyB. availableC. probableD. approachable5. Many people are reported in the natural disaster.A. being killedB. to be killedC. to have killedD. to have been killed6. If the whole surgery beforehand carefully, there would have been a better result.A. was plannedB. has been plannedC. had been plannedD. were planned7. Jane has said little so far, responding only briefly whenA. spokenB. speaking toC. speakingD. spoken to8. to finish quickly.A. Not every worker wantB. No every workers wantC. Not every worker wantsD. No every workers wants9. The photos on the wall grandma of those happy, old days when a large family lived together.A. recallB. retainC. rememberD. remind10. Y ou’d better tell me beforehand if go with me.A. you’ll rather notB. you won’t ratherC. you’d rather notD. you’d rather not to11. We all hope he’ll soon his disappointment and be happy again.A. get throughB. get awayC. get upD. get down12. The problem of environment protection has been studied .A. extremelyB. intensivelyC. originallyD. violently.13. All games_____because of the rainstorm, many students could do nothing but study in the classroom.A. were canceledB. having been canceled.C. had been canceledD. have been canceled14.“Did you buy anything at the clothing store?”“Yes, I bought three shirts for just＄120.”A. fifty-dollarB. fifties-dollarC. fifty-dollarsD. fifties-dollars15. By the time you get back, great changes_____in this area.A. will take placeB. will be taken placeC. are going to take placeD. will have taken place16. The boy now for the 1ight in his room is still on.A. must studyB. must be studyingC. must have studiedD. would study17. _____she was living in Paris that she met her husband Terry.A. Just thenB. It was whileC. Soon afterD. During the time when18. Technical schools prepare their students for the application of practical skills, they learn in class their work.A. toB. inC. forD. of19. His written English was first-class and he had a(n) vocabulary for a sophomore.A. intimateB. initialC. inevitableD. incredible20. After the company the problem of unfair competition, its sales figures dropped to a record low.A. look intoB. ran intoC. come intoD. put into21. John isn’t a diligent student for it is the third time he has been late, ?A. was n’tB. hasn’t itC. isn’t itD. hasn’t he22. He told me_____afraid because l had done nothing wrong.A. to be notB. not to beC. not beingD. being not23. Last year, the production rate by 20 percent.A. roseB. raisedC. aroseD. aroused24. I hope that the good weather ______ for the rest of our trip.A. holds upB. holds downC. holds outD. holds in25. Each person in the world has a(n) personality. They are different from one another.A. onlyB. soleC. uniqueD. one26. With all the work on hand. He _____to the cinema last night.A. should goB. must have goneC. shouldn’t have goneD. might have gone27. I am sorry to your feelings.A. have spoiltB. have destroyedC. have hurt D .have damaged28. He is so wise a man that all the people _______.A. 1ook him upB. 1ook into himC. 1ook up to himD. 1ook to him29. Yon can write the paper______ you 1ike.A. whateverB. howeverC. anywayD. some way30. I don’t doubt she will learn a lot during her stay in China.A. thatB. ifC. whetherD. what31. Though Mum is very busy, she always some time every day to read to her children.A. sets offB. sets inC. sets asideD. sets up32. These three girls help _____to clean the house.A. one anotherB. each otherC. one and the otherD. one and other33. The teacher recommended that Jack math or physics instead of English because he was quick atnumbers.A. must studyB. could studyC. studyD. studied34. He participated in the reconstruction of the city the war was over.A. before longB. soon afterC. long afterD. soon before35. Only by making wise use of land to find a solution to the problem of hunger and famine.A. we can beB. we will be ableC. will we be ableD. can we36. A teacher who is______ to the needs of individual student is sure to achieve some success.A. seriousB. sensitiveC. secureD. senior37.Nobody any more to say, the meeting was closed.A .had B. has had C. having D. had had38.When the guests were gone, she the tea-things in the cupboard.A. put upB. put offC. put awayD. put in39. Staying in a hotel costs renting a room in an apartment for a week.A. twice more thanB. twice as muchC. as much as twiceD. much as twice as40. One and a half years passed.A. areB. wereC. haveD. hasⅡ. Reading Comprehension (50%)Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Passage OnePopulation tends to grow at an exponential(指数的)rate. This means that they progressively double. As an example of this type of growth rate take one penny and double every day for one month. After the first week, you would have only 64 cent, but after the fourth week you would have over a million dollars.This helps explain why the population has come on“all of a sudden”took from he beginning of human 1ife to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That repents(缓慢进行) a time span of at least two million years. Then it took from 1830 to 1930 for world population to reach 2 billion. The next billion was added by 1960 only thirty years and in 1975 world population reached 4 billion which is another billion people in only fifteen years.World population is increasing at a rate of 9, 000per hour, 220,000 per day and 80 million per year.This is not only due to higher birth rate, but to lower death rate as well. The number of births has not declined at the same rate as the number of deaths.Some countries such as Columbia, Thailand, Morocco, Costa Rica and the Philippines are doubling their population about every twenty-one years with a growth rate of 3.3 percent a year or more. The United States is doubling its population about very eighty-seven years, with a rate of 0.8 percent per year. （81）Every time a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including hospitals, schools, resources, food and medicines to care for its people. It is easy to see that this is very difficult to achieve for the more rapidly growing countries.41. This passage chiefly discussesA. the growth of world population.B. one type of the exponential rate.C.the population problem of more rapidly growing countries. D.the possible ways of dealing with the rapid population growth.42. According to the passage what helps to explain why the population problem has come on “all of a sudden”?A. The penny that doubles itself every day for one month.B. The time span of at 1east two million years in human history.C. An illustration of the exponent growth rate given by the author.D. The large amount of money you would luckily make after the fourth week.43. It took for the world to increase its population from 1 billion to 4 billion.A. 100 yearsB. 175 yearsC. 1975 yearsD. over two million years44. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. World population is increasing at a rate of 150 per minute.B. Lower death rate also contributes to world population growth.C. The population of Columbia has been doubling every year for 21 years.D. The United States is usually doubling its population on about every 87 years.45. When a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything including __.A. hospitals and medicinesB. schools and studentsC. food and manpower resourcesD. all of the aboveQuestions 46 to 50 based on the following passage:Passage TwoWomen are on the whole more verbal than men. They are good at 1anguage and verbal reasoning. while men tend to be skilled at tasks demanding visual-spatial(视空)abilities. In fact, along with aggression these are the most commonly accepted difference between these sexes.Words are tools for communicating with other people especially information about people. They are mainly social tools. Visual and spatial abilities are good for imagining and manipulating objects and for communicating information about them. Are these talents programmed into the brain? In some of the newest and most controversial research in neurophysiology(神经生理学), it has been suggested that when it comes to the brain males are specialists while women are generalists.But one knows that, if anything this means in terms of the abilities of the two sexes. Engineering is both Visual and spatial and it’s true that there are relatively few women engineers. But women become just as skilled as men at shooting a rifle or driving a car task that involve visual-spatial skills. They also do equally well at programming a computer, which is neither visual nor spatial. Women do, however, seem less likely to fall in love with the objects themselves. We all know men for whom machines seem to be extensions of their identity. （82）A woman is more likely to see her car, rifle or computer as a useful tool but not in itself fascinating.46. According to the passage, women are usually good at_____.A. body languageB. logical reasoningC. tasks demanding for the use of wordsD. both A and B47. The word "accepted” in the last sentence of the first paragraph, roughly means_____.A. believedB. assumedC. receivedD. reconciled48. In the author’s opinion, visual and spatial abilities are good for______.A. achieving one’s objects.B. mind and body.C. programming talents into the brain.D. imagination and communication.49. All the following tasks involve visual-spatial abilities EXCEPT____.A. imagining and handling objects.B. providing a computer with a set of instructionsC. shooting a gun and driving an automobileD. planning and making things as an engineer does50. Why do women seem less likely to fall in love with the objects themselves?A. Because they have no visual-spatial skills.B. Because they are only good at 1anguage and verbal reasoning.C. Because they are less likely to see their charming or interesting aspects.D. Because they rarely use machines such as cars, rifles, computers, etc.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Passage ThreeThe US. government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country. （83）The areasof the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake “belt”. The government is, spending a great deal money and is working hard to help discover the answer to these two questions: l. Can we predict earthquake? 2. Can we control earthquakes?To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault(断层)systems in the country such as the San Andreas fault in California, a fault is break between two sections of the earth’s surface. These breaks between sections are the place where earthquake occurs. Scientists look at the faults for changes that might show that an earthquake was about to occurs. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes accurately. And the control of earthquakes is even farther away.Nevertheless, there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4000 meters below surface of the ground. Shortly after this injection of water, there were a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into rocks works like oil on each other. When the water“oiled”the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was released. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big destructive earthquakes, that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes.51. Earthquake belts are .A. maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occurB. zones with a high probability of earthquakesC. breaks between two sections of the earth’s surfaceD. the two layers of earth along a fault52. The San Andreas’ fault is .A. an active fault systemB. a place where earthquakes have been predicted accuratelyC. a place where earthquake have been controlledD. the location of the Rocky Mountain53. What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal？A. They occur at bout 4000 meters below ground levelB. The injection of water into earthquake faults prevents earthquakes from occurring.C. They are usually caused by the oil in the faults.D. Harmful earthquakes can be possibly prevented by causing small harmless earthquake.54. What can be said about the experiments at Rocky Mountain Arsenal?A. They have no practical value in earthquake prevention.B. They may have practical value in earthquake prevention.C. They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.D. he article does not say anything about their practical value in earthquake prevention.55. What is the most appropriate title for the passage?A. Dangers of EarthquakeB. Earthquake Belts and PredictionC. Earthquake Prediction and ControlD. Earthquake Engineering in CaliforniaQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Passage FourSporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewed biologically, the modern footballer is in reality a member of a hunting group. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goalmouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey.To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look back at our forefathers. They spent over a million years evolving(进化) as Cooperative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting field. （84）Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became greatly changed：They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey killers. They cooperated as skillful male group attack.Then about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long period of hunting the food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life was put to a new use——that of controlling and domesticating (驯养) their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival.(85)The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences(后果), but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. Instead the sportsmen set off to test their skill against prey that was no longer essential to their survival. To be sure, the kill may have been eaten, but there were other purposes, much simpler of obtaining a meaty meal.56. What is the main idea of the passage?A.Hunting is very important in human civilization.B.Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern society.C.It’s hunting that provides human beings with food.D.The importance of sporting activities in modern society.57. According to the author, sporting activities .A. are essential to the survivalB. have actually developed from huntingC. evolve as biological developmentD. are football games58. For over a million years. our forefathers were basically .A. skillful sportsmenB. successful farmersC. runners and jumpersD. cooperating hunters59. The word“operation (Par. 4)refers to .A. sports activitiesB. huntingC. farmersD. prey killing60. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The goalmouth is equal to the weapon in hunting.B. Without hunting our forefathers couldn’t live.C. After our forefathers became farmers they still hunted for food.D. Farmers are satisfied with stable lives and they didn’t have enthusiasm for hunting any moreIII. Cloze Test (20分)The Red Cross is 61 organization which cares for people who are in 62 of help. A man in a Paris hospital who needs blood, a woman in Mexico who was injured 63 an earthquake, and a family in India 64 lost their home in a storm may all 65 by the Red Cross.The Red Cross exists in almost every country 66 the world . The World Red Cross Organizations are sometimes are sometimes called the Red Crescent(新月) the Red Mogen David, the Sun , and the Red Lion . All of these agencies 67 a common goal of trying 68 people in need.The idea of forming an organization to help the sick and 69 during a war started 70 Jean Henry Dunant. In 1859, he observed 71 suffering 72 a battlefield in Italy. He wanted to help all the wounded people 73 of which side they were 74 .The most important result of his work was an international treaty 75 the Geneva Convention(日内瓦公约). It 76 prisoners of war, the sick and wounded, and 77 citizens during a war.The American Red Cross 78 by Clara Barton in 1881. Today the Red Cross in the United States provides a number of 79 for the public. Such as helping people in need, teaching first aid,80 water safety and artificial respiration, and providing blood.61. A. internationally B. an international C. a worldly D. a world’s62. ck B. supply C. necessity D. need63. A. in B. at C. by D. on64. A. where B. that C. when D. whom65. A. be aiding B. be aided C. aid D. aided66. A. around B. on C. within D. of67. A. belong to B. owe C win D. share68. A. with helping B. and help C. to help D. for helping69. A. wounding B. having wounded C. wounded D. being wounded70. A. from B. with C. by D. at71. A. how were people B. how people were C. people were how D. people how were72. A. from B. on C. by D. with73. A. regardless B. in favor C. despite D. on account74. A. fought for B. fighting for C. fought D. fighting75. A. to call B. calling C. call D. called76. A. prohibits B. protests C. protects D. provides77. A. other B. others C. another D. the other78. A. was setting up B. has been set up C. was set up D. had been set up79. A. services B. helpings C. facilities D. money80. A. to demonstrate B. demonstrating C. demonstration D. demonstratesIV. Translation (20分)81. (Para.4, Passage 1)Every time a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including hospitals, school, resources, food and medicines to care for its people.82. (Para.3, Passage 2)A woman is more likely to see her car, rifle, or computer as a useful tool but not in itself fascinating.83. (Para.1, Passage 3)The areas of the map where earth quakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake “belt”.84. (Para.2, Passage 4)Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became greatly changed.85. (Para.4, Passage 4)The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets.Section B中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济与保护环境双重任务。

工程造价英语

Aabandoned tender 废标acceptance 验收,承兑acceptance certificate 验收证书acceptance inspection 验收检查acceptance lot 验收批量acceptance of divisional work 分部工程验收acceptance of sub-divisional work 分项工程验收acceptance of tenders 接受投标acceptance of works 工程验收acceptable quality 合格质量accepted bid 中标accepted bidder 中标者accessories 附件accessory building 附属建筑accommodation 住处，膳宿，适应性调节acknowledge 告知已收到action 对……起诉addenda 补遗，附录additional building 附加房屋additional charges 附加费用additional clause / article 附加条款additional regulations 补充规定additional remarks 补充说明additional document 补充文件additional protocol 附加议定书adjudication 裁判,裁决，裁定adjusted manhours 修正的人工时估算值administration 管理advance 预付款；预付；预付的（款项）advanced charge 预付费用advance payment 预付advance payment for material 预付材料款advertisement for bids 招标广告advisory architect 顾问建筑师advisory engineer 顾问工程师affix 贴上,盖（印章）agency 代理机构aggregate cement ratio 骨料水泥比agreement by piece 计件合同allocate 分配,配给alternate material 代用材料amalgamation 合并,混合物amend 修正amount of work 工作量amplify 详述，进一步补充说明analysis estimate 分析估算annulment 宣告无效，废止，取消annex 附件,附属建筑anticipated approved cost 认可的预计费用apparatus 设备,壮志,器具appendix 附录，附件applicable 适用的application for payment 付款申请书approval analysis during construction stage 施工阶段核算approved client change 认可的用户变更approximate calculation 近似计算approximate estimate on cubic meter basis 单立方概算approximate estimate on square meter basis 单方概算appurtenant work 附属工程arbitration 仲裁arbitration agreement 仲裁协定arbitrator 仲裁人architect in charge 主任建筑师architect—engineer / architectural engineer 建筑工程师architect’s approval 建筑师认可证明architect's basic services 建筑师基本服务项目architect's office 建筑师事务所architecture 建筑architectural area 建筑面积architectural control 建筑管理architectural decoration / ornament 建筑装饰architectural design 建筑设计architectural discipline 建筑专业architectural drawing 建筑图architectural firm 建筑师事务所architectural sketch 建筑草图architectural volume 建筑体积area planning 区域规划around-the-clock job 昼夜施工，日夜施工arrangement 筹备,安排,准备as—built drawings 竣工图asset 资产，财产assign 受让人assistant engineer 助理工程师assistant architect 助理建筑师associate / associated architect 合作建筑师association of architects 建筑师协会attached drawing 附图attachment 附件attorney 代理人authenticate 鉴定，证明authoried change 批准的变更authorization 授权，许可auxiliary project / building 附属工程/建筑average contingency 基本不可预见费average cost 平均成本award 裁决，授予Bbackfilling plate 垫板base bid 基本标价base bid specifications 基本标价清单，基本标价项目说明书basic services 基本服务项目be attributable to 把……归因于,认为……系某人所为,可归因于bearing plate 支撑板beneficiary 受益人bid date 招标期限bid price 标价，投标报价,递价，出价bid tabulation 标价汇总表bid time 招标期限biding 有约束力的bidding documents 招标文件bidding period 招标期bidding sheet 标价单bill of estimate 估价单bill of materials 材料表bill of quantities 工程数量表，数量明细表blank endorsed or blank endorsement 空白背书block planning 建筑用地规划bond 担保，保函cost of bulk material 散装材料费用/ 散装材料购买费用block 砌块block masonry 砌块砌体block masonry structure 砌块砌体board 板材bonded prestressed concrete structure 有粘接预应力混凝土结构brake member 制动构件breadth of wall between windows 窗间墙宽度brick masonry 砖砌体brick masonry column 砖砌体柱brick masonry wall 砖砌体墙bonus and penalty contract 奖罚合同bonus clause 奖金条款bonus for completion 竣工奖金budget 预算budget control 预算控制budget documents 预算文件budget items 预算项目budget making 预算编制budget sheet 预算表budget statement 预算书budgeter 预算员budgetary planning 预算budgetary engineer 预算工程师buildable area 可建面积builder’s risk insurance 建筑工程风险保险building act / law 建筑法building alteration 改建工程building area 建筑占地面积building authorities 建筑主管部门building codes and standards 建筑法规和标准building codes of practice 建筑执行法规building contract 建筑合同building construction company 建筑工程公司building / construction / job site 建筑施工/工地building contractor 建筑承包商building cost 建筑造价building cost analysis 建筑造价分析building cost index 建筑造价指数building cost estimate 建筑估价building fund 建筑资金building industry 建筑业building lot 建筑用地building material 建筑材料building permit 建筑许可证,施工许可证，施工执照building project 建筑工程building regulation / rule 建筑条例building site 施工现场building standards 建筑标准building structural materials 建筑结构材料building structural unit 建筑结构单元building structure 建筑结构，房屋结构Ccaisson method 沉箱法caisson work 沉箱施工法call for bids 招标capital construction project 基本建设项目capital expenditure 基本建设费用capital works 基本建设工程capital repair 大修carcassing work 主体工程certificate 证书，证件certificate for payment 付款证明书certificate of completion by stages 分期竣工证书certificate of completion of works 工程竣工证书certificate of conformity 合格证明书certificate of inspection 合格证certificate of occupancy 建筑使用证书certificate of quality 合格证，质量证明change in the work 工程变更change order 工程变更通知单charges prepaid 预付费用check and acceptance 验收chief architect 总建筑师circulating fund 周转资金civil 土建的，土木的civil engineering 土木工程clause 条款check estimate 核定估算clear 付清，清算client change / contract change 业主变更/合同变更commencement time of the work 开工时间commencement of works 工程开工commercial invoice 商业发票commission 委托，佣金commitment 承诺。

造价英语exercise

第1章绪论一、单项选择1．在建设项目的寿命周期的研究和界定中，对建设项目在其决策阶段到由于物理损坏而导致基本功能无法满足用户正常使用的整段时间是（b）。

P1A．功能寿命B．物理寿命C．法律寿命D．经济寿命2．广义的建设项目全寿命周期成本作为控制对象时是站在（a）角度。

P3A．全社会B．消费者C．企业D．政府3．在建设项目全寿命周期有多方主体参与控制工作中，包括企业、社会、消费者三类。

其中，社会的委托人和代理人是（d）。

P3A．投资商B．建造商C．消费者D．政府4．建设项目全寿命周期成本把（d）作为成本管理的对象，使得寿命周期成本较之传统建设项目更加复杂。

P3A．项目决策阶段B．项目设计阶段C．施工阶段D．项目整个寿命周期5．与传统成本控制相比，建设项目全寿命周期成本控制不仅要实现工程造价最低，还要实现建设项目全寿命周期经济上最优，社会上最合理，还要考虑对环境的影响，因此经济和生态的关系是（d）P7A．经济最优B．生态最优C．很难兼顾D．协调、均衡6．建设项目全寿命周期成本控制的属性中管理属性是指（b）P7A．建设项目全寿命周期成本控制要通过多种技术手段来实现B．通过对组织、技术、经济等多方面的资源进行合理的分配和利用，实现成本控制目标。

C．成本控制的过程当中要使用一定的经济奖励措施才能有效地实现其控制目标。

D．实现建设项目全寿命周期成本最优。

7．建设项目全寿命周期成本控制有经济、法律、技术、文化手段，文化手段作用于技术手段是通过下列哪种方式（b）。

（P8，图）A．宣传B．指导C．强化D．约束8．建设项目全寿命周期成本控制的理论基础中，下列哪种方法主要是分析为获得一定的效用而必须耗费的成本以及节约的成本：（b）。

P9A．技术经济B．成本效益分析C．成本效用分析D．系统工程9．价值工程应用于成本控制：如果要达到功能不变，且提高价值的目的，必须（c）。

P10A．使成本不变B．大幅度提高成本C．降低成本D．适当提高成本10．在研究建设项目全寿命周期成本控制中引入循环经济理论，其倡导（d）。

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