综合英语精读4 unit4 para.6
现代大学英语精读paraphrase-原文译文版汇编
学习-----好资料Lesson one1.Virtue is, indeed must be, self-centered.(para4)正确的行动是，确实也必须是以自我为中心的。
By right action, we mean it must help promote personal interest.2.The essentials are familiar: the poverty of the poor was the fault of the poor. And it wasbecause it was product of their excessive fecundity…..(para5)他的基本观点为人熟知：穷人的贫穷是他们咎由自取，贫穷是热门过度生育的结果The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children.3.Poverty being caused in the bed meant that the rich were not responsible for either itscreation or its amelioration. (para6)贫穷源于过度生育意味着富人不应该为产生贫穷和解决贫穷承担责任The rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they should not be asked toundertake the task of solving the problem.4.It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God(para8)这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用。
It is only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittest applied to nature or tohuman society.5.It declined in popularity, and reference to it acquired a condemnatory tone.(para9)然而在20世纪，人们认为社会学中的达尔文进化论有点过于残酷，遭到了普遍的质疑，人们提及它都带有谴责的口吻。
全新版大学英语综合教程第四册第四单元PPT课件
1. Did global trade exist in the past? What did people doing global trade think of it then?
Yes, global trade has been around for centuries. In the past, the corporations and countries that benefited from global trade were largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources or sell finished products.
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Unit 4 Globalization
Text A In Search of Davos Man 寻找达沃斯人
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马云用手机扫码花38888元买走了今 年双11的第一单，刚刚从日本运来的 蓝鳍金枪鱼。
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6. Professor Samuel Huntington describes Davos Man as an
现代大学英语精读4第六单元课后习题答案
四册六单元课后习题答案Key to the exercisesVocabulary1. Translate.2) into Chinese.(1)非理性因素(2)过去的好日子(3)思想模式(4)陈旧的故事(5)思路(6)鲜明的对比(7)强烈的满足感(8)感情上的联想(9)一场恶吵(10)酸葡萄(11)—毫无根据的意见(12)社会地位(13)重要而有说服力的因素(14)怀疑的余地(15)一种教条的观点(16)大学者们／大才子们(17)不可避免的结果(18)长期的斗争(19)互相矛盾冲突的观点(20)鲜明的例子(21)根深蒂固的信仰(22)仅仅是断言2) into English.(1) to classify propositions (2) to hold an opinion(3) to establish convictions (4) to reverse the process(5) to question the truth (6) to adopt a new belief ,(7) to demonstrate the contrary (8) to credit the fact(9) to entertain an opinion (10) to acquire wealth(11) to extend the term (12) to abandon belief(13)to value their respect (14) to belittle their opinions(15) to make an allowance (16) to alter our thought patterns(17) to take the same course (18) to parrot others' ideas2. Put appropriate prepositions or adverbs in the blanks.1) out/:over 2) on/upon 3) at; about 4) off 5) on; off 6) out; as 7) as; out 8) off 9) as; out 10) on; as 11) off; as 12) at; as 13) as; out 14) out; out3. Replace the words and expressions italicized with suitable words and ex pressions from the text.1) meet with; proposition; bare assertion 2) accept a view uncritically; rests up on; mere3) deeply-rooted propositions; established 4) hold opposite views; conflicting int erests5) parroting; tend to; such ideas as fit in with 6) conceive of; consistent with 7) is also true of; make allowance for 8) stock subjects; going to the dogs9) in fashion; a strong argument in its favor 10) bear grudge against; or as the case may be11) belittle; are jealous of 12) attribute to13) As a rule; would be the last person to 14) consists in; shaking off15) In light of; on our guard 16) left us with no doubt4. Translate.1) We’ll achieve this result at any cost.2) Our economy began to grow by leaps and bounds as a result of the reformand opening- up policy.3) His repressive policies only resulted in his quick fall.4) Many of our present problems in a way result from our large population.5) The fact that you like somebody may dispose you to like his ideas also.6) So far we still have not found a safe way to dispose of nuclear waste.7) These shoes fit me perfectly. I'll take them.8) This set of furniture fits into our sitting room.9) The innkeeper found that the man fit the description of the wanted murder suspect.10) To keep fit, you should avoid eating too much salt, sugar and fat.11) The water was no longer even fit to swim in, let alone to drink.12) He was suddenly seized by a fit of laughter.13) She has had fits every now and then since she was a child.14) This subway will be extended to Cover the whole city.15) I would tike to take this opportunity to extend my heartfelt thanks to you.I6) The effect of the economic reform will naturally extend to other fields.17) Many people prefer government bonds to stocks.18) This kind of jacket is out of stock.19) This is one of his stock jokes. I have heard it many times.5. Complete the following sentences.1) were brought up in a different country; think and behave like a native of t hat country.2) will produce ten million kilowatts of power annually3) that she did not care for office work 4) the boy stabbing his own father 5) postpone my retirement for another year 6) pursue her studies overseas7) go to my brother 8) why we should accept it9) give us the excuse for doing wrong things10) he had been unusually lucky to have the best learning and working conditi ons11) she had very poor health 12) school education is useless13) as 14) as 15) share my basic value16) say no 17) take money18) the rewards hey cannot get 19) good food and drink(s), sex, etc.20) of which; in which/on which/under which21) she was very angry22) we must not allow others blindly 23) teachers are also inspired by good st udents6. Give brief comments on the following, using some of the expressions list ed below.1) Not always true. If fifty million people say a foolish thing, it will still bea foolish thing.Truth always has to be discovered by one individual first.2) Then why do we need to recruit workers? Why do we ask people to give us a hand?3) And how many is "too many"? Isn't this statement only one side of the sto ry?4) Are we sure it will not lead to poor efficiency?5) Time is money. What about many other things? There was a time when we believed that money was dirty and an evil monster, and now we hear that m oney is everything. Isn't it just like a fashion that comes and goes?6) To change things in what way? Can't they choose just to destroy? Isn't it p ossible that they will replace the old order with an order just as bad? Won't t hey upset social stability when stability is necessary for the whole nation?7) A popular saying during the "Cultural Revolution". But isn't it the other wa y around? Isn’t it true that the wat er of the mighty river comes from the smal l tributaries in the first place?8) But who are the people? Do the voters really have equal power and influen ce? In a country where wealth is concentrated, how can power avoid being co ncentrated too?9) This sounds pleasant in the ear, but it is not exactly true. Our arable land i s only 7% of the world’s total; pur per-capita water only one-third of the worl d’s average; timer, one-sixteenth; oil, 2% of the world's total; natural gas, 1. 2% of the world's total.10) This old saying is based on a false analogy. It is popular in a male-domin ant society.Men cling to this view not because it is true, but because it is useful to t hem.11) Not necessarily true. Good deeds should be their own reward. This old sa ying is meant to encourage people to do good, but because it is based on the concept of investment for future profits, many people refuse to make this un wise investment.7. Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets.(1) awful (2) story (3) likely (4) fulfilling (5) supposed(6) from (7) gain (8) done (9) when (10) about(11) in particular (12) such as (13) interpreted (14) alone (15) context Grammar2. Grammar in context.1) Study the italicized abbreviated adverbial clauses, put in the omitted pa rts, and discuss the rules used in cutting short adverbial clauses.(1) when they (the staunchest Roman Catholic and the staunchest Presbyterian) were infants(2) when they (such "obvious truths") are examined(3) when it (the assumed or dogmatic proposition) was challenged(4) if he was/were told (5) while we are doing(6) while he (this young man) was attending(7) as if he (this beanpole with hair on top) wanted to say(8) as if he did all this to check (9) as if he was remembering(10) when it is measured against the lower crime rates(11) While you are in Rome (12) Though they are poor3. Shorten the following adverbial clauses where possible.1）If elected, he will turn out to be an excellent chairman.2) The adverbial clause cannot be cut short because its subject isn’t one and t he same with that of the main clause.3) If cooked too long, much of the vitamin C in vegetables will be destroyed.4) The conditional clause cannot be shortened for the same reason as stated in 2.5) The conditional cannot be shortened for the same reason as stated in 2.6) Though a foreigner, Dr. Bethune regarded the cause of the Chinese people as his own.7) If given every attention possible, the dying man still has a chance of recov ery,8) When questioned closely and severely by the teacher, the boy admitted chea ting in the exam.9) Even though still operating, the committee won’t play as an important a role as it used to.10) The teller turned to the next customer with a smile, as though deliberately snubbing the girl.11) Beijing looks more beautiful than ever (before).12) Unless invited, don't go to those meetings.13) Albert Einstein's hair looked wild as if electrified.14) When living in the Northeast, did you ever learn to ski?15) The conditional clause cannot be shortened for the same reason ass stated in 2.16) The conditional clause cannot be shortened for the same reason ass stated in 2.4. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets.1) When young 5) When urged2) unless it is forbidden 6) When ripe3) If cooked in tomato sauce 7) If not restricted4) Once out of trouble 8) Though well over seventy9) … as if turning over some important matter in his mind10) If detected sleeping on the job/at his post/on duty5. Translate these sentences that imply a condition.1) With better medical care my grandfather could have pulled through.2) They wouldn't have been able to do better under present conditions.Or: They couldn’t have been done better under present conditions.3）Even at gunpoint I would say, “He is guilty.”4) Further delay would cause us even greater losses.5) But for the seat belt, she would have been severely injured in the acciden t.6) A man without a strong sense of justice wouldn't have brought the matter up.7) With a smaller population there might be less unemployment in the country.8) Without an experienced guide like her, we might have been trapped in the jungle.9) She is not after name and money; otherwise she wouldn't have come back.10) But for the correct policy, many Chinese peasants wouldn't have become well-off so soon.11) I wonder how many of us would have done the same in his position.12) With a more sophisticated computer we would have completed the job mu ch sooner.13) This is something you should never do. It would mean the end of your jo urnalist career.14) Without a strong will even a healthy man wouldn't have reached the top of the mountainin two hours.15) A less resourceful person wouldn’t have been able to complete the project under such unfavorable conditions.6. Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. 1-5 AACCB 6-10 DAADC 11-16 CDABDA。
精读4 paraphrase unit6
paraphrase… time didn’t mean much to anybody, except maybe to those who were dying.The villagers didn’t think time was important until perhaps when they were dying.The only timepiece we had need of then was the sun.Paraphrase: The sun was the only clock or watch we needed at that time.It wasn’t that we had no system for……the important events in our lives. Paraphrase: This does not mean that we had no way of knowing what year, or season, or day, or hour it was and of remembering when such important events as births, weddings, deaths, disasters happened.But ours was a natural or, rather, a divine-calendar, because it was framed by acts of God: earthquakes and droughts and floods and locusts and pestilences.… We used natural disasters to keep track of time and of the important events in our lives. This was a natural calendar, a divine calendar, for sunrise and sunset, the change of seasons, and earthquakes and droughts and floods and locusts and pestilences were all works of God.And that’s the way it was in our little village for as far back as anybody could remember. And that’s how we kept track of the importa nt events in our little village for as long as the oldest people could remember.Simple as our calendar was, it worked just fine for us.Paraphrase: Although our calendar was simple, this way of keeeping track of time and of the important events in our lives served our purpose well enough.You couldn’t be more accurate than that, now, could you ?Paraphra se : That’s the more accurate answer I could get.And that’s the way it was… for as far back as anybody could remember. Paraphrase: And that’s how we kept track of the important events in our little village for as long as even the oldest people could remember… because men who would not lie even to save… into Magdaluna’s calendar. Paraphrase: …because men who would not lie for any reason or purpose, not even to save their souls told and retold that story until it was included into Magdal una’s calendar.until it was incorporated into Magdaluna’s calendar.Paraphrase: until the event became one of the things by which we kept track of the important events in our lives.And sometimes the arguments escalated ……knockdown-dragout fights…Paraphrase: And sometimes the arguments became so fierce that they developed intolong and violent fights.… call each other names that made my ears tingle.Paraphrase: …the words they used when they were quarreling were such that we little boys felt un comfortable….…and Magdaluna was not going to get anywhere until it had one.Paraphrase : … and Magdaluna wouldn’t achieve any success without a telephone.A few men--- like the retired Turkish-army drill sergeant,…bought to the village. Paraphrase : A few men---like the retired Turkish-army drill sergeant, and the vineyard keeper--- tried hard to persuade Abu Raja to give up the idea of having a telephone installed in the village.… the shout went out that …Paraphrase: … the sound of someone shouting informed people that…Her house was an island of comfort,……exhausted from having so little to do. Paraphrase：Her house was a place where the village men could find comfort , just as an oasis is for weary travelers in the desert. The men sought pleasure because life in this mountain village was monotonous and boring.There was always something in it for me: a ten or even a twenty–five-piaster piece. Paraphrase : I always got paid for the errands I ran for the men: from ten to twenty-five-piasters.B ut as the days went by…… to wait by the telephone.Paraphrase : But as the days went by, the men gradually deserted Im Kaleem’s house, and they begin to gather together at Abu Raja’s store to wait by the telephone.At Abu Raja’s dikkan, the calls did ……then two, then bunches.Paraphrase : Finally news came over the telephone from relatives or friends that there were jobs open to the villagers, people began to leave the village, first one by one, then in small numbers, then in large groups.Magdaluna became a skeleton of ite former self,……a place to get away from. Paraphrase : With the healthy, the young, and the able –bodied all gone, Magdaluna was not what it had been . The house, the streets and the store were there, but they were no longer alive with laughter and the loud voice of the men talking, laughing, and arguing. It became a much-deserted place, a place to escape from, a graveyard or cemetery.。
现代大学英语精读4UNIT1-UNIT6短语、句子翻译（全）另附重点课文全文翻译
浴巾a bath towel 文法学校a grammar school永恒的真理the eternal truth文件柜a filling cabinet 新鲜空气fresh air纯属无稽之谈utter nonsense 违规行为delinquent behavior常客a frequent visitor高品德的high-minded monologue 固定的观点a settle view 时事current affairs身体障碍a physical impediment一阵狂风a hideous wind令人厌恶的景象a hideous sight言语障碍 a speech impediment 使人兴奋冲动的爱国激情heady patriotism无情的人侵者the remorseless invaders 首相the Prime Minister 烂苹果rotten apples国际联盟the League of Nations 思维过程a mental process 条理清楚的文章a coherent article一位点头之交a nodding acquaintance一个完整的体系a coherent system一位口译好手a proficient interpreter 一种不可阻挡的趋向an irresistible trend逐字逐句的激励literally inspired夜生活evening life食宿board and lodging 供吃住的寄宿舍boarding-house瞬间 a split second玻璃弹子glass marbles做徒劳无益的事whipping the dead horse阿司匹林片aspirin tablets在此情况下in the circumstances提前in advance走过场 a matter of form 楼梯间平台的窗户landing window紧张气氛the tense atmosphere毛线针knitting needles梦游to walk in one’s sleep飞机翼展the wingspan of a plane专业的历史工作者professional historians基于常识的反应 a common-sense reaction事物的这种状况this state of affairs意见不一的历史学家contending historians老生常谈的事 a cut-and-dried matter一个个人喜好的问题 a matter of personal preference截然不同的观点diametrically opposed points of view 民间故事folk tales书面文件written documents过去的遗留物the remains of the past人的动机和行为human motivations and behavior 复杂和精细sophistication and subtlety 商船merchant ships 一旦发生潜艇战in the event of a submarine warfare一个粗糙的理论 a crude theory 好战的行为belligerent acts宣传机器 a propaganda machine 德国外交部长the German foreign secretary权力平衡the balance of power因果关系the cause and effect海岸炮兵the shore batteries 终极关怀the ultimate concern 近因 a proximate cause人们常说的一句话 a well-used phrase不会出错的解释 a foolproof explanation绝对有效的模式 a model of unquestioned validity 永不停止的探索 a never-ending quest一个难以达到但又十分诱人的目标an elusive yet intriguing goal难以解决的两难困境an insoluble dilemma 一本难以看懂的书an incomprehensible book一个爱交际的女人 a sociable woman 黑市the black market黑色幽默black humor 害群之马black sheep黑人权利black power表达能力不强的人inarticulate people 全国性活动 a nationwide campaign 赞美的话complimentary remarks 淘气男孩 a mischievous boy一些有权力的人物certain powerful quarters 种族隔离的学校segregated schools 不可争议的权威indisputable authority公海high sea 上流社会high society 机密的消息confidential information 冷漠的门impersonal doors客观的信an impersonal letter 真诚的羡慕an unselfish envy紧张的声音 a strained voice度假别墅holiday villa 一个著名的电视名人a famous television personality 刻薄下流语言obscene language 下流故事an obscene story银行袭击a bank raid 生产双层玻璃公司a double-glazing company联合抵押joint mortgage 拌嘴a cross word永远达不到的目标an unattainable goal 乡村和西部音乐country and western music加重了的潜水腰带a weighted diving belt 心碎heart-broken以自我为中心的人a self-centered man光是重量sheer weight光是运气sheer luck 一派胡言sheer nonsense军号声 bulge call 人工呼吸kiss of life一串气泡 a trail of bubbles一点点关心 one tiny scrap of care 非理性因素non-rational factors 过去的好日子good old days思想模式thought patterns 陈旧的故事stock anecdotes思路brain path 鲜明的对比 a striking contrast 强烈的满足感keen satisfaction 感情上的联想sentimental association 一场恶吵 a bitter quarrel 酸葡萄sour grapes毫无根据的意见groundless opinions社会地位social position重要而有说服力的因素 a potent factor怀疑的余地room of doubt一种教条的观点great intellects大学者们great intellects不可避免的结果inevitable result 长期的斗争age-long struggle互相矛盾冲突的观点conflicting ideas鲜明的例子striking examples根深蒂固的信仰deeply-rooted convictions仅仅是断言bare assertion低头to sink one's head 使船沉没to sink the ship思考生命的意义to contemplate the meaning of life让阳光一下照着to catch the light毁了一个人的身体to ruin one's health 毁了国家to ruin the country猛敲桌子to bang the desk 扮演一个重要的角色to playa prominent role占有重要的位置to hold a prominent position 一个虔诚的佛教徒a pious Buddhist获得一种名声to gain a reputation 满足一个人的虚荣心to satisfy one's ego严刑逼供to give sb the third degree 发明一种教学方法to devise a teaching method在某人手中悄悄塞一支枪to slide a gun into sb's hand引起一些兴趣to whip up a little interest让谈话继续下去to keep the ball rolling让谈话开始to set the ball rolling一个作风古怪的百万富翁an eccentric millionaire分配资金to allot capital 勒紧裤带to tighten one’s belt 讲一句话to make a remark伸出一只手to stretch out one’s hand 润润嘴唇to moisten one’s lips抱怨天气to complain of the weather将棍子用力插入沙中to plunge the stick into the sand 突然冲我来了to turn on me 使某人心烦to get on one’s nerve是某人将某事忘得精光t o put something out of someone’s mind脱钩t o come off the hook做填字游戏t o do a crossword puzzle 擤鼻涕to blow one’s nose 在鼻子上涂粉to powder one’s nose 提出案发时不在现场的证据to give an alibi获得新的深刻认识to gain new insights 修改一个人的观点to revise one’s ideas追查起因to trace the cause 从这前提出发to begin from this premise朝目标开火to open fire on/at 给以同样重视to give equal weight to sth支持某一观点to support a certain view 对政府施加影响to influence the government破坏实力平衡to destroy the balance of power 组成联盟to form an alliance偿还贷款to repay the loans 考虑战争的问题to contemplate war填补缺口to fill in the gaps 结束探索to conclude the quest从某一角度看问题to view sth from a certain perspective从比较中获益to benefit from the comparison消灭差别to eliminate from the comparison 深入研究问题to dig into the problem 淹没在大海之中to be immersed in a vast sea从不同的观点出发to stem from a different point of view命中注定要做某事to be destined to do sth 无视这个事实to ignore the fact作出假设to make an assumption 打败敌人to defeat the enemy夺回失土to win back one’s lost territory 沉船to sink a boat截获机密to intercept the secret message将证据凑在一起to piece together evidence接近真理to approximate the truth 掌握新技术to master new techniques庆祝他的50华诞to celebrate its Golden Jubilee 引起羡慕to excite admiration触动良心to touch the conscience 得奖to win the prize受到训斥to receive a reprimand 省去这些字to omit the words宣布放弃奖金renounce the prizes 避免一场危机avert a crisis参加仪式attend the ceremony 展示一件艺术品exhibit a work of art尽情享受乐趣to indulge in pleasures 保护一个孩子guard a child感到有能力做某事feel up to do something 使某事正式结束bring sth to a close挥手让某人进去wave sb in 使某人不必处于某种场合to save sb from a situation向某人说说心里话to talk out one’s heart to sb 把某人打翻在地knock sb down给某人斟酒pour sb a drink 举杯祝酒raise one’s glass从大腿上慢慢流下来trickle down her legs像鲸鱼一样喷水puff like a whale想雪一样融化掉melt down like snow 一眼看清了当时的情况sum up the scene进行电视采访do their interview 心存怨恨bear resentment难受的想吐feel sick in the stomach 突然大声的怒气冲冲的冲进来come in like thunder 渐渐散去drift away gradually 看中某人的意见value one’s opinion提高在某人心中的地位increase one’s standing with sb使自己振作起来pull oneself together 开始提供晚餐serve dinner 禽抱一个拿枪的劫匪tackle an armed robber和某人厮守下去stick with sb 系上腰带fasten the seat belt虐待妻子abuse one’s wife 和很多人乱搞男女关系screw his way around碰某人一个手指头lay a finger on sb 进行人工呼吸catch sb trying to do sth用力把自己身体升起heave oneself up浮出水面float to the surface在水下拼命挣扎thrash about under the water 使自己依靠在某物上prop oneself against冲出水面break surface 抓住某物seize hold of sth 把自己用力拉起来haul oneself up 紧紧锁住某人双手pinion one’s arms 把某人挡开fend sb off击中某处land a blow 呆在水下stay under in the water将这些观点加以归类to classify propositions 持有一种意见to hold an opinion 建立信念to establish convictions 颠倒过程to reverse the process 对是否是真相提出疑问to question the truth 获得财富to acquire wealth接受一种新的信念to adopt a new belief 放弃信念to abandon belief证明完全相反to demonstrate the contrary 相信这一事实to credit the fact 怀有一种意见to entertain an opinion使这个字的意思延伸一下to extend the term珍惜他们的尊敬to value their respect轻视他们的意见to belittle their opinions考虑某一点to make an allowance改变我们的思维模式to alter our thought patterns走同样的路to take the same course鹦鹉学舌般重复他人的思想to parrot others' ideasUNIT 11、我知道，不管发生什么I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2、一般情况下As a general rule, young people tend to be more interest in the present and the future.3、如果他们双方不妥协Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.4、我们希望使我们It is our hope to make all the courses and teaching materials integrated.5、中国的书面文字The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.6、在中国的传统艺术中In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo often stands for moral integrity and uprightness.7、绝大多数人都赞成深化改革The great majority of the people stand for further reform.8、伊丽莎白一世Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.9、真理一开始The truth is always in the hand of a small minority at first. That's the rule.10, 民主意味着由Democracy means that the majority rules, but the minority’s right to disagree is also respected. These two basic rules are of equal importance.11、一个国A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated economically, politically and culturally as well as geographically.12、那次晚会很乏味The party was boring, so she slipped out of the room and went home.13 路很泥泞The road was muddy. He slipped and fell into the river.14、有一天，我因为One day I was drowning my sorrows in a restaurant because I was broke when he came and slipped a roll of money into my hand.15、佛罗里达州The Court of Florida ruled that it was necessary to recount the votes.16、认为太阳绕着地球The idea that the sun moves round the earth ruled ancient scholars for more than a thousand years.17、这些胡同The hutongs are an integral part of old Beijing.18、日子一天天过去Days slipped by and I still had not made much progress.19、他怕犯错He weighed every word carefully lest he should make a mistake.20、她的身体糟糕到了Her health was such terrible that she would not go out in the sun even in winter lest she get sun-stroke.你能强迫一个You can force a student to attend classes, but you cannot force him to think.学习文学The study of literature can help you to understand not only other people but also yourself.通过阅读范文You can improve your writing by reading good models and by practicing writing.在中世纪In the Middle Ages, people believed that the earth was flat and that it was the center of the universe. 我既没有时间I can afford neither the time nor the money to play golf with those big cheeses.小金Xiao Jin could not decide whether to apply for graduate studies right after college or to get a job first.爱能改善人们Love cures people-both those who give it and those who receive it.优秀的企业Excellent firms don't believe in perfection, only in constant improvement and constant change. 许多东西Many things cannot be learned in the classroom, such as planning one's time, working on one's own and managing one's own affairs.在过去的10年里In the past ten years people, especially old people, have been concerned more about their health than about their income.UNIT21、我们公司在这么短It is a miracle how our company has developed into a multinational in such a short span of time.2、那个国家的平均寿命The average life span of that country has increased from 42 years to 50 years in a matter of two decades.3、这两个国家的冲突The conflict between the two countries has spanned more than half a century.4有四座大桥There are four bridges spanning the river.5、我对你非常感谢I'm much obliged to you. Without your help, I would never have finished the book.6、不，这个聚会No, you are not obliged to go to the party. You don't have to go if you don't want to.7 人们找她She’s always ready to oblige when people come to her for help.8 山谷里有一个小湖In the valley is a small lake right between a meadow and a hill. It is a perfect spot for picnic .9、他坐在一个阴凉Sitting in that shady spot he soon dozed off.10、他看见我把一个塑料He criticized me on the spot when he saw me throw a plastic bag by the roadside.11 那是一件白底蓝点It is a white shirt with blue spots. It looks quite pretty.12、这位侦探发现了The detective spotted the suspect and he walked and arrested him.13、有一个气球爆了One of the balloons popped and it gave me quite a start.14 在上课的时候进It is very impolite to keep popping in and out of the classroom when the class is still going on.15、当他看见那位小伙子When he saw the young man ready to pay for the BMW in cash, his eyes almost popped out of his head.16、在那些国家里水比油In those countries, water is worth a lot more than oil. Friends will often bring dollars' worth of water as a gift.17、这个项目完成When this project is completed, it will benefit about a hundred thousand people. It will be well worth the effort and investment.18、这电影不值得看两遍This movie is not worth seeing twice. In fact, it's not worth seeing at all.19 我觉得那地方值得I think it is worthwhile to visit that place. I hear they have kept all their traditional houses intact-houses that were built in Ming-Qing styles.20、贾宝玉当他父亲Jia Baoyu was sick and tired of being his father's worthy son. He yearnedfor freedom.1.看来病人在这个城市It seems the patient has no relatives in this city.2.交朋友易It’s easy to make friends but difficult to keep them.3.他总是懂的朋友He can always understand what his friends are thinking and worrying about.4.或许根本就不是Perhaps it wasn’t Xiao Jiang at all who had left the tap running all night.5.那男孩一点也不The boy had no idea how he had become an old man in half a day.6.不知道王宁I wonder how Wang Ning has been doing in London. I haven’t heard from himfor almost a year.7.你出生于什么样的家庭It doesn’t matter what family you were born into. The real test ishow far you can go from where you started.8.她简直不相信She simply couldn’t believe what she saw. It was only yesterday that the twintowers were standing there.9.第八号陪审员Juror No. 8 pointed out that it might have been someone else who had stabbedthe boy’s father to death.10.在市场经济中In the market economy, it is primarily by individuals and firms rather than bygovernment agencies that decisions about what to produce, how much to produce are made.UNIT31.尚不知飞The cause of the aircraft crash is so far unknown.2.地球转The cause of global warming is still hotly debated among scientists.3.他把他的一He devoted all his life to the cause of environmental protection.4.历史上这条The river has caused us a lot of trouble in history.5.你认为国际恐怖主义的What do you think caused the upsurge of international terrorism?6.我们必须团结那些反对We must try and unite with those who have opposed us.7.任何进步和改革都会There is always opposition to any progress and reform.8.有些人对新事物总是Some people are always opposed to new things.9.这些贷款中不少从未归还A lot of those loans were never repaid. That high ratio of bad debts finally led to the financial crisis in this second economic power in the world.10.工商银行现在给The Business Bank now offers a special loan for students who can't pay for their education.11.这男孩问斯多太太能否将她的The boy asked Mrs.Stow for the loan of her binoculars.12.她在结束讲话时Her concluded her speech by saying that she hoped she could come again some day and see more of the country.13.他们一结束调查就As soon as they concluded the investigation, they were to report to the Security Council.14.在他访问期间，During his visit, he will conclude a new trade agreement with India.15根据这些有理疑点，陪审团只能得出结论，这个少Based on those reasonable doubts, the jury had to conclude that the boy was not guilty.16.他将经东京飞往纽约She is flying to New York by way of Tokyo.17.我想谈谈上世界60年代的情I'd like to say a few words about the situation in the sixties of the last century by way of an introduction to the movie.18.他们决定召They decided to recall their ambassador by way of protest.1.英雄是具有非凡品Heroes and heroines are people with unusual qualities.2.名流是因媒体炒作而出名Celebrities are people who become famous because of publicitythrough the media.3.在中国大陆，“爱人In China mainland, "sweet heart" often refers to a person's husband or wife.4.一个不能共患难的朋友A fair-weather friend is one who will desert you as soon as you are in trouble.5.从广义上说，货币指Broadly speaking, money refers to anything generally accepted in exchange for other goods and services.6.一个坐在扶手椅里的An armchair revolutionary is one who talks about revolution, but who doesn't put what he says into practice.7.鲁教授说一个好教师应努力使自己成Professor Lu says that a good teacher is one who does all he/she can to make himself/herself unnecessary for the students.8.经济学定义为研究商品和服务的生产、分配和消费的社会Economics is defined as the social science that deals with the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services.9.DVD是上面能储藏大量在计算机DVD is a disk on which large amounts of information, especially photographs and video can be stored, for use on a computer.10.《牛津高级学生词典》The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary defines "workaholic" as "a person who works most of the time and finds it difficult to stop working in order to do other things".UNIT41、因为疯牛病Import of that country’s beef was suspended because of the mad cow scare.2、在战争期间During the war, they had to suspend the construction of the railway.3、吸毒是一件严重It was a serious offence to take drugs. Robert was suspended from school for two weeks.4、她正躺在悬挂She was reading in a hammock suspended from two tree branches.5 这次暂停销售The sales suspension has brought us heavy losses.6 这也许是亚洲This is perhaps the longest suspension bridge in Asia.7 这个作家善于制造悬念。
现代大学英语精读4 基础英语paraphrase
Unit 1 Text Ⅰ Thinking as a HobbyParaphrases of the Text1.The leopard was Nature, and he was being natural.(3)The leopard symbolizes Nature,which stands for all animal needs or desires.美洲豹象征着自然，它在那里显得很自然而已。
2.Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left meout.(15)Everybody, except me ,is born with the ability to thin大自然赋予其余的所有的人第六感觉却独独漏掉了我。
3.You could hear the wind trapped in the cavern of his chest and struggling with allthe unnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his ruined face go white at the unaccustomed visitation.(19)你能听到风被他的胸腔堵住，遇到障碍物艰难前进发出的声音。
他的身体因为不习惯这样的感觉而摇摇晃晃，脸色变得惨白。
4.In this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible andirresistible spring in his neck.(20)Mr. Houghton’s deeds told me that he was not ruled by thought, instead, he would feel a strong urge to turn his head and look at the girls.在这种情况下，我认为他不是受思想，而是受他后颈里某个看不到却无法抗拒的发条的控制。
新标准大学英语综合教程4(unit1-6)课后答案及课文翻译
Key to book4 unit1-6Unit 1Active reading (2)8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well).Language in usetry as … might3 Rewrite the sentences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just d oesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I t hink we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees.(c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.（☞翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。
现代大学英语精读4 Unit Four
② If something makes for another thing, it causes or helps to cause that thing to happen or exist. 促成; 造就
Eg： International football matches sometimes make for better understanding between countries. The large print makes for easier reading.
I managed to snatch an hour’s sleep on the
train.
6. Not to mention: used to add sth that makes
the situation even more difficult, interesting, surprising, etc. 更别提 beautiful weather and delicious food, not to mention the famous shopping malls. not to mention his five kids.
(paras. 2—6)
III. His later adventures (paras. 7—12) IV. The occurrences during the rest of the night (paras. 16—24)
I. Introduction
1.①Stuff sth with sth: to fill or overfill a
Sarah curled up on the sofa.
②Curl up: if something flat curls up, its edges start to become curved and point upwards
新编实用英语综合教程(第四版)上册Unit4-Unit6 课文段落翻译
Unit4-Unit6课文段落翻译1.第一册P88 Unit4 Passage1 第二段If you come from a culture that has a more relaxed view of time, you're likely to be surprised at how serious Americans are about time. While not all Americans are punctual all the time, the society as a whole operates on the basis of well-kept schedules. This is true in personal and community life as well as in U.S. business culture.如果你来自一个对时间有更宽松看法的文化，你很可能会惊讶于美国人对时间的严肃态度。
虽然不是所有的美国人都是守时的，但整个社会的运作都是在严格遵守时间表的基础上进行的。
这在个人和社区生活以及美国商业文化中都是如此。
2.第一册P88 Unit4 Passage1 第四段If the team had been American, it's likely they would have been annoyed, and unlikely they would have waited more than 10 minutes — at the most. They would have left me a message asking to reschedule the meeting. Why? Because American-style appointments have a firm end as well as start time, and if you start late you won't be able to finish the business at hand without running beyond the scheduled ending time.如果这个团队是美国人，他们很可能会很恼火，也不太可能等待超过10分钟——最多10分钟。
现代大学英语精读4第二版课后翻译答案（unit4-unit6,中英双语）
Unit41.我看见一叶扁舟顺河漂流。
我不想像这小舟一样没有目标，随波逐流地了此一生。
I saw a boat drifting along the river. I do no t intend to be like this boat, drifting through life aimlessly.2.山谷里的桃花全都盛开了，让她留恋忘返。
在前面不远处，她看见一家农舍，从窗户内传来了美妙的乡村音乐。
The peach trees in the valley were in full blossom, making it difficult to tear herself away from them. Some distance apart from her, she saw a little hut with sweet country music drifting out of its window.3.结婚以后，我和朋友的来往慢慢变少了。
而我夹在那些一起共事的商界人士当中十分不自在。
他们说的生意经我厌烦透了。
After my marriage, my friends and I drifted apart a little, and I was completely out of my element among those business people I had to work with. Their business discussions bored me stiff .4.他们之间已经具有发生内战的所有要素。
国际社会已向双方呼吁，希望他们和平解决争端。
They already had all the necessary elements for a civil war. The international community has appealed to both sides for a peaceful settlement of their disputes.5.很多人认为教会正在失去他的吸引力。
新通用大学英语综合教程第四册听力及答案 Unit 6
Unit 6 AnimalsUnit Goals1. Discuss the benefits of certain pets2. Compare animal characters3. Exchange opinions about the treatment of animals4. Debate animal conservation and animal rights5. Write about keeping petsLesson 1Lead-inTV Documentary: Pecking OrderA. Check the things that make parrots difficult pets, according to the report. They’re temperamental, they’re noisy, they demand attention, they need special care, they’re destructive, they bite.B. Circle the letter of the statement that best summarizes what each person says about parrots as pets.1.a2.b3.aVideo ScriptDiane Sawyer:Millions of people have parrots. That’s a family name that includes all kinds of birds from parakeets（长尾小鹦鹉）to macaws（金刚鹦鹉）to amazons. But many owners don’t understand bird behavior. As we showed you once before, these creatures can be entertaining and talkative, but they can also be, well, flighty(反复无常的) and temperamental(易怒的,喜怒无常的). What does their behavior mean? Perri Peltz has some insights into the mind of your bird.Perri Peltz: They can’t dance…Pet bird in the shower: Row, row, row your boat gently down the stream.Perri Peltz:… but some of them can really sing…Pet bird in the shower: We wish you a Merry Christmas and a happy New Year.Perri Plitz: … and talk.1st pet bird: Hi.2nd pet bird: Are you OK?1st pet bird: Such a good bird!Perri Peltz: It is this amazing ability to communicate with us in our own language along with spectacular(吸引人的) beauty that makes parrots so extraordinary.2nd pet bird: Good girl. Good girl.1st pet bird: God bless you.Perri Peltz: Some say their keen intelligence and ability to bond(与…建立特殊的关系) to humans are the reasons Americans keep more than 15 million parrots as pets. And, according to experts, parrots can be just as smart as your two-to-three-year-old child.3rd pet bird: I’m a smart bird!Perri Peltz: But just as your toddler(刚学走路的小孩) goes through the terrible twos, so can parrots.Lise Mee: No bite.2nd pet bird: No, no. Don’t!4th pet bird: I’m a bad bird!Perri Peltz: In fact, parrot behavior can be a constant source of frustration for many parrot owners. Layne Dicker is a popular lecturer on the bird seminar circuit(演讲圈子). He is staff avian behaviorist at Wilshire Animal Hospital in Santa Monica.Layne Dicker:You have to be willing to learn what you need to know about parrots because they’re not like goldfish. They’re not like dogs. They’re not like cats. They’re wonderful. They ain’t easy.Perri Peltz: I don’t want to put your job down, but what’s the big deal, Layne? They sound like really easy animals to have. They don’t bark, you don’t have to take them out for a walk. I mean, what’s the big deal? Y ou throw a little bit of seed at them.Layne Dicker: They don’t bark, but they scream. They don’t really need to be taken out for a walk, but they need full spectrum light for at least four hours a day. You don’t throw them a handful of seed. They need fresh vegetables every day. Fresh water every time it gets soiled.Perri Peltz: Why is owning a parrot so different than having a pet dog or cat? You see, dogs and cats have been bred for thousands of years to be companion animals. Most parrots have been bred for less than 100 years, so that means parrots bring their own natural instincts into your home. Parrots in the wild live in flocks, so your pet parrot considers you his flock member. He expects to eat with you and interact with you most of the day. When you don’t give him the attention he expects, he may start demanding it by acting out or screaming. Birds can also be destructive. Parrots, especially macaws, will chew anything in their path. What about biting? Parrots don’t bite each other in the wild, but as pets, parrots can bite when they feel threatened, or when they don’t want your fingers in their cage. Or even when they want your undivided attention.Lise Mee: Ah, ah, ah. No, let go. Let go.Perri Peltz: With all the behavior problems, why not just punish a bird?Layne Dicker: If I can tell any parrot owner something about their parrot, it would be make them feel safe and secure. I hear about hitting, squirting with water, screaming at. Anything that makes a parrot feel insecure will break down the level of trust he has with you. And unless a parrot trusts you, all the negative behaviors are just going to get worse. You have to do everything with a parrot in a loving, supportive way. Yes, you’re so good. Yes.Part 2A. According to bird breeder and pet store owner Ruth Hanessian, which facts dopotential pet owners need to know about parrots?They will make noise, they may say things you don’t want them to say, they may behave like very young children.B. Answer the questions about the conure (a type of parrot) at the ParrotEducation and Adoption Center.1. She was kept in a covered cage in a dark room for six years.2. Because she made noise.3. She began pulling out her own feathers.VIDEO SCRIPTPerri Peltz: For the past twenty years, Ruth Hanessian has been a bird breeder and pet store owner in Rockville, Maryland. She’s now written a book called Birds on the Couch: The Bird Shrink’s(精神分析学家) Guide to Keeping Polly from Going Crackers and You Out of the Cuckoo’s Nest)(防止你的鹦鹉和你本人发疯的鸟类精神分析学家手册). If you could put a little red warning label on each parrot cage, what would it say?Ruth Hanessian: I am a bird. I have my own thoughts. I have my own way of expressing myself. I’m verbal. I will make noise. I will see what’s going on in your household and have an opinion about it.1st pet bird: Tarzan. Stop it. You behave yourself.Ruth Hanessian: I will be in charge of your life if you let me be.Perri Peltz: You write, “Will you freak out(烦得要命，吓得要死) if Polly screams during dinner parties? What if she learns to mimic your lovemaking cries and repeats them when your mother-in-law comes for a visit?” Can’t be.Ruth Hanessian: Oh, can be. If you decide to get a bird, you have to watch what you say around it, because they will pick up the things that you really don’t want them to say.1st pet bird: Oh, stop!Perri Peltz: Now, Ruth, you’re pushing it on the next one. Birds can be co-dependents? What are we talking about here?Ruth Hanessian: They get very involved with you, and they get very upset when you’re not there. It’s like having a two-year-old child for the rest of your life.Perri Pletz: And by the way, the rest of their lives can be a very long time. If taken care of properly, the bigger birds can live up to 100 years. And that’s just fine with Connie Pavlinac. She and her husband, Gary, are the proud parents of three birds. And Connie makes sure all of her birds’ needs are taken care of. First, their meals. Connie spends at least an hour and a half each day chopping fruits and vegetables for the older birds. Then mixing formula（配方）for the baby, making sure it’s not too hot, and hand-feeding him. Then another hour and a half sweeping floors and scrubbing and cleaning cages. And twice a week, there are the showers, followed by a fluff dry. And they have emotional needs.5th pet bird: Hi.Connie Pavlinac: Hi. They need to be talked to. They need to be held. They need to be stimulated, so if we talk to them, we entertain them with toys.Perri Peltz: Bonnie Kenk runs Parrot Education and Adoption Center in San Diego. In the last two years, she has taken in more than 100 unwanted birds, including this conure, whose owner couldn’t tolerate her constant screaming and kept her in a covered cage in a dark room for six years. You see, birds become quiet in the dark. With nothing to do and nothing to see, little Audrey turned on herself and started plucking out her own feathers. Bonnie Kenk: It’s really very, very sad that people just don’t… they don’t understand what they’re getting into when they get…when they get a bird. Conures are relatively noisy birds.Perri Peltz:How often, Bonnie, do you see a problem result because of an impulse purchase?Bonnie Kenk: Daily. That’s how we end up with most of our birds.Layne Dicker: Parrots are the worst impulse purchase in the world, and they’re so frequently purchased on impulse because they’re so beautiful and they’re so endearing in pet stores. You need to do your homework before buying a parrot. They are very, very, very smart.6th pet bird: Hello.Layne Dicker: They have very, very long memories.1st pet bird: OK, thank you, bye-bye.Layne Dicker: They’re amazing animals. Good night.7th pet bird: Good night.Layne Dicker: Good night, birds.7th pet bird: Good night.Layne Dicker: Good night.ListeningTalk About Animals in ZoosPart 1A. Sound BitesRead and listen to a conversation between two friends at the zoo.Teaching suggestions:Step 1Have students look at the photo. Ask Where are the people? (at the zoo) Have you ever been to a zoo? Did you like it?Step 2To check comprehension, ask Do Alicia and Ben have similar or different views on zoos? (Different ― Ben likes zoos and Alicia doesn’t.)Language Notes1. coop v. restrict the freedom of someone or something by keeping them in a place that is too small 把某人拘禁起来，把动物关入笼中2. I let you talk me into here. I allow you to persuade me into coming here. 竟然被你说服来这里。
新标准大学英语综合教程4(unit1-6)课后答案及课文翻译
Key to book4 unit1-6Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hur t my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or (b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or (b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discou rse marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well). Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the s entences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I mig ht to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserv es, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I thi nk it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees. (c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won’t even last till the end ofthe year, let alone till I’m 60.（☞翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。
现代大学英语精读4-Paraphrase
现代大学英语精读4ParaphraseUnit 21.…sleepy and yet on fire with excitement, for it was the first day oftheir first spring sowing as man and wife. (Para. 3)Paraphrase:Although still not fully awake, the young couple was already greatly excited, because that day was the first day of their first spring planting after they got married.2. But somehow the imminence of an event that had been long expected, loved, feared and prepared for made them dejected. (Para. 3) Paraphrase:The couple had been looking forward to and preparing for this spring planting for a long time, but now that the day had finally arrived, strangely, they felt somehow a bit sad.3. Martin fell over a basket in the half-darkness of the barn, he swore and said that a man would be better off dead than…Paraphrase:In the barn, it was still very dark as it was very early in the morning. So Martin tripped over a basket. He cursed and said that it would be better off to die than to have to get up at such an early hour and begin the day’s toil—probably for the rest of his life.4. …as they walked silently… through the little hamlet, there was not a soul about. (Para. 5)Paraphrase: When they walked silently through the small village, they saw not a single person around them because they were earlier than everybody else.5. And they both looked back at the little cluster of cabins that was the center of their world, with throbbing hearts. For the joy of spring had now taken complete hold of them. (Para. 5)Paraphrase: Both of them looked back towards their small village, which was the most important place for them because they and their forefathers before them were born and raised here. Their hearts were quivering with excitement at that moment, for the coming of spring had already filled their hearts with pleasure.6. And there was a big red heap of fresh seaweed lying in a corner by the fence to be spread under the seeds as they were laid.Paraphrase:In a corner beside the fence, there was a big pile of fresh seaweed. Before the seeds were dropped on the ridge, the seaweed should be spread first.7. When she was a little distance down the ridge, Martin advanced withhis spade to the head, eager to commence. (Para. 9)Paraphrase:When she was a little away from him, Martin started to move ahead, putting his spade to the front. Now he was eager to start working.8. Suppose anybody saw us like this in the field of our spring sowing, what would they take us for but a pair of useless, soft, empty-headed people that would be sure to die of hunger. (Para. 12)Paraphrase:If people should see us like this (with your arm round my waist), what would they think of us? They were sure to take us for a pair of good-for-nothings, people who are unable to endure hardships and foolish and, therefore, were sure to die of hunger.9. His eyes had a wild, eager light in them as if some primeval impulse were burning within his brain and driving out every other desire but that of asserting his manhood and of subjugating the earth. (Para. 12) Paraphrase: His eyes shone and his only desire now was to prove what a strong man he was and how he could conquer the land.10. …but she drew back at the same time and gazed distantly at the ground. (Para. 13)Paraphrase: She stayed from Martin and deeply absorbed in herthought.11. Martin ate heartily, reveling in his great thirst and his great hunger, with every pore of his body open to the pure air. (Para. 18) Paraphrase: The heavy work made Martin thirsty and hungry and made him enjoy his lunch and tea more.12. That was the signal for a general rising all along the little valley. (Para.19)Paraphrase:The noise was the signal for all peasants to stand up and start working again.13. Then she thought of the journey home and the trouble of feeding the pigs, putting the fowls into their coops and getting the supper ready, and a momentary flash of rebellion against the slavery of being a peasant’s wife crossed her mind. It passed in a moment. (Para. 32) Paraphrase:When she thought of all the drudgery waiting for her at home, suddenly she wanted to break the chains on her as a peasant’s wife, but it only lasted a very short time. She immediately dismissed the idea.14. All her dissatisfaction and weariness vanish from Mary’s mind withthe delicious feeling of comfort that overcame her at having done this work with her husband. (Para. 34)Paraphrase:At the moment when she had done this work with her husband, the feeling of comfort fought against all her previous feelings of dissatisfaction and weariness and took control.15. Mary, with her shrewd woman's mind, thought of as many things as there are in life as a woman would in the first joy and anxiety of her mating. (Para. 3)Paraphrase:Mary, like all sharp and smart women, thought of many things in life when she got married. In her marriage life, sometimes they might have encountered happiness and sometimes have suffered sadness.Unit 41. Anybody who knows anything about New York knows the city’s essential platitude – that you don’t wander around Central Park at night – and in that, needless to say, was the appeal: it was the thing you don’t do.(para.1)Paraphrase: Everybody who knows New York knows that you should not wander in Central Park at night because it is too dangerous. However, precisely because of the risk there are always people lured to visitCentral Park at night. They just wish to do what people normally don’t do.2. …and this could have been an outdoor summer-stock Shakespeare production anywhere in America, except in one respect. (para.3) Paraphrase:And tonight’s performance could be any outdoor performance of Shakespeare’s play one regularly finds in summer in America (It’s a cultural tradition in America to put on free Shakespeare productions in summer). There was only one difference.3. And I bolted, not running, exactly, but no longer strolling—and certainly not looking back—turning left, turning right, all sense of direction obliterated……Paraphrase:And I started to run away quickly. To be exact, I was not running, but it was also not strolling any more. Without looking back, I turned left and right and finally I lost my sense of direction.4. One of the first events in the Park took place 140 years ago almost to the day: a band concert. The concert, pointedly, was held on a Saturday, still a working day, because the concert, like much of the Park then, was designed to keep the city’s rougher elements out. (Para. 7) Paraphrase: One of the first events in the Park took place almost exactly on this day 140 years ago: a band concert. The concert was deliberatelyheld on a Saturday when ordinary people were all working so as to keep them out.5. I spotted a couple approaching. Your first thought is : nutcase? Paraphrase: I suddenly saw a couple coming my way. Your first thought is: are they mad (dating in the Central Park at night)?6. The irony was that by the end of the Moses era the Park was dangerous. (Para. 10)Paraphrase:Moses did a lot to turn Central Park into an efficient people’s park. But the outcome was quite unexpected and sad: by the end of his era the Park was dangerous.7. But there was no escaping the recognition that this city-contrived, man-made, glaringly obtrusive, consuming wasteful and staggering quantities of electricity and water and energy-was very beautiful. (para.12)Paraphrase: But there was no denying the fact (you have to admit) that the city was very beautiful, although it was not a natural kind of beauty, it was artificial and showy, and it used up a great amount of water and energy.8. But there it was: the city at night, viewed from what meant to be anescape from it, shimmering. (para.12)Paraphrase:People come to the Park to escape from the hustle and bustle of the city. But it was precisely in the Park that day that I found the city at night was extremely beautiful.Unit 61. And that’s the way it was in our little village for as far back as anybody could remember. （Para.8）Paraphrase: And that’s how we kept track of the important events in our little village to the extent that/ for as long as the oldest people could remember. The only way is to pass the important events by generation by generation orally.2. …because men who would not lie even to save their own souls told and retold that story until it was incorporated into Magdaluna’s calendar.(Para. 8)Paraphrase: They trusted honest people and didn’t seek any proof for what had been said about past events. They accepted what they said without any questions.3. And sometimes the arguments escalated into full-blown, knockdown-dragout fights.Paraphrase:And sometimes the arguments became so fierce that the women began to fight violently.4. The telephone was also bad news for me personally. It took away my lucrative business—a source of much-needed income.Paraphrase:For the boy the coming of the telephone deprived him of the opportunity to earn some money.。
综合英语Book IV Unit 4
piece of good advice on how to “read” efficiently, read is replaced with write to stress the importance of writing notes and comments one is reading
1. mutilation (L.5)
Severely destruction
2. transfer (L.8) 3. Dog-eared (L.18)
Move from one place to another Having the corners of the pages turned up
or down with use
7. typography (L.29) The_a_r_ra_n_g_e_m_e_n_t,_s_ty_l_e_a_n_d_a_p_p_ea_r_a_n_ce__o_f p_r_in_t_e_d_m_a_tter
8. humility (L.59) 9. receptacle (L.61)
_H_u_m__b_le_s_t_at_e_o_f_m_i_n_d____________________ _A_c_o_n_ta_i_n_er____________________________
5. crayon (L. 23)
__P_e_n_ci_l _o_f s_o_f_t _co_l_o_re_d_c_h_a_lk__o_r _w_a_x,_u_s_e_d_f_or_d_r_a_w_ing
6. symphony (L. 28)
_A__m_u_s_ic_a_l _w_o_rk__fo_r_a_l_ar_g_e_g_r_o_up__o_f _in_s_tr_u_m_e_n_ts__
大学英语精读第四册第六单元内容讲解
大学英语精读第四册第六单元内容讲解大学英语精读第四册第六单元内容讲解导语：大家应该都是喜欢看书的人吧，那么大家知道怎么标记一本书吗，下面是一篇讲述如何标记一本书的英语课文，欢迎大家参考。
Text"Don't ever mark in a book!" Thousands of teachers, librarians and parents have so advised. But Mortimer Adler disagrees. He thinks so long as you own the book and needn't preserve its physical appearance, marking it properly will grant you the ownership of the book in the true sense of the word and make it a part of yourself.HOW TO MARK A BOOKMortimer J. AdlerYou know you have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade you to "write between the lines." Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading.You shouldn't mark up a book which isn't yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking books, you will have to buy them.There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher'sicebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good.There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers -- unread, untouched. (This individual owns wood-pulp and ink, not books.) The second has a great many books -- a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or many -- every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.)Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound edition? Of course not. I'd no more scribble all over a first edition of "Paradise Lost" than I'd give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt!I wouldn't mark up a painting or a statue. Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of painting or a statue. If your respect for magnificent binding or printing gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author.Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don't mean merely conscious; I mean wide awake.) In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or thethoughts the author expressed. Let me develop these three points.If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. you can't let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say, "Gone with the Wind," doesn't require the most active kind of reading. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable. You don't absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the crooning of Mr. Vallee. You have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you're asleep.If, when you've finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively. The most famous active reader of great books I know is President Hutchins, of the University of Chicago. He also has the hardest schedule of business activities of any man I know. He invariably read with pencil, and sometimes, when he picks up a book and pencil in the evening, he finds himself, instead of making intelligent notes, drawing what he calls " caviar factories" on the margins. When that happens, he puts the book down. He knows he's too tired to read, and he's just wasting time.But, you may ask, why is writing necessary? Well, the physical act of writing, with your own hand, brings words and sentences more sharply before your mind and preserves them better in your memory. To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen thosequestions. You can pick up the book the following week or year, and there are all your points of agreement, disagreement, doubt and inquiry. It's like resuming an interrupted conversation with the advantage of being able to pick up where you left off.And that is exactly what reading a book should be: a conversation between you and the author. Presumably he knows more about the subject than you do; naturally you'll have the proper humility as you approach him. But don't let anybody tell you that a reader is supposed to be solely on the receiving end. Understanding is a two-way operation; learning doesn't consist in being an empty receptacle. The learner has to question himself and question the teacher. He even has to argue with the teacher, once he understands what the teacher is saying. And marking a book is literally an expression of your differences, or agreements of opinion, with the author.There are all kinds of devices for marking a book intelligently and fruitfully. Here's the way I do it:1. Underlining: of major points, of important or forceful statements.2. Vertical lines at the margin: to emphasize a statement already underlined.3. Star, asterisk, or other doo-dad at the margin: to be used sparingly, to emphasize the ten or twenty most important statements in the book.4. Numbers in the margin: to indicate the sequence of points the author makes in developing a single argument.5. Number of other pages in the margin: to indicate where else in the book the author made points relevant to the point marked; to tie up the ideas in a book, which, though they may be separated by many pages, belong together.6. Circling of key words or phrases.7. Writing in the margin, or at the top or bottom of the page, for the sake of: recording questions (and perhaps answers) which a passage raise in your mind; reducing a complicated discussion to a simple statement; recording the sequence of major points right through the book. I use the end-papers at the back of the book to make a personal index of the author's points in the order of their appearance.The front end-papers are, to me, the most important. Some people reserve them for a fancy bookplate, I reserve them for fancy thinking. After I have finished reading the book and making my personal index on the back end-papers, I turn to the front and try to outline the book, not page by page, or point by point (I've already done that at the back), but as an integrated structure, with a basic unity and an order of parts. This outline is, to me, the measure of my understanding of the work.New Wordspersuadevt. cause (sb.) to do sth. by reasoning, arguing, etc. 说服，劝服librariann. 图书馆管理员propertyn. (collectively) things owned; possessions 财产preluden. action, event, etc. that serves as an introduction 序幕;前奏曲possessionn. possessing; ownership; (pl.) property 拥有;所有权;财产ownershipn. the possessing (of sth.); right of possessing 所有(权)illustrationn. an example which explains the meaning of sth.; adn explanatory picture, diagram, etc. 例;图例;插图beefsteakn. 牛排transfervt. had over the possession of (property, etc.); change officially from one position, etc. to another 转移;调动butchern. a person who kills, cuts up and sells animals for food 屠夫iceboxn. a box where food is kept cool with blocks of ice; (AmE) refrigeratorbloodstreamn. the blood as it flows through the blood vessels of the body 血流absorbvt. take or such in (liquids); take in (knowledge, ideas, etc.)吸收best-sellern. book that is sold in very large numbers 畅销书individualn. any one human being ( contrasted with society ) 个人woodpulpn. 木(纸)浆dipv. plunge or be plunged quickly or briefly into a liquid, esp. to wet or coat 浸;蘸shinya. giving off light as if polished; bright 发亮的restrainvt. prevent; control; hold back 抑制;控制，约束dogeareda. (of a book) having he corners of the pages bent down with use, like a dog's ears (书页)卷角的dilapidateda. (of things) broken and old; falling to pieces 破旧的;倾坍的'loosenv. make or become loose or looser (使)松开continuala. repeated; frequent 不断的;频繁的scribblev. write hastily or carelessly; write meaningless marks on paper, etc. 潦草书写;乱涂preservevi. keep safe from harm of danger 保护;保存intacta. untouched; undamaged 完整无损的elegantlyad. beautifully; gracefully 优美地;雅致地elegant a.bind (bound)vt. tie or fasten with a rope, etc.; fasten together sheets of (a book) and enclose within a cover 捆，绑;装订(书)editionn. form in which a book is published; total number of copies (of a book, newspaper, etc.) issued from the same types (书等的)版本;版paradisen. the Garden of Eden; Heaven 伊甸园;天堂crayonn. 蜡笔; 颜色笔originala. of or relating to an origin or beginning; being the first instance or source from which a cop can be made 最初的;原著的;原创作者的paintingn. a painted picture; picturestatuen. an image of a person or animal in wood, stone, bronze, etc. 雕像inseparablea. impossible to separate from one anothermanufacturevt. make, produce on a large scale by machinery 制造;(大量)生产magnificenta. splendid; remarkable 华丽的;宏伟的indispensablea. absolutely essential or necessary 必不可少的consciousa. aware; able to feel and think 有意识的;神志清醒understandingn. knowledge of the nature of sth., based esp. on learning or experience 理解fictionn. (branch of literature concerned with) stories, novels and romances 小说croonvi. sing gently in a low soft voice, usu. with much feeling 低声吟唱readern. person who readsinvariablyad. unchangeable; constantly 不变地;始终如一地intelligenta. having or showing a high degree of powers of reasoning or understanding 聪明的caviar(e)n. 鱼子酱sharpenv. become or make sharp(er)disagreementn. the fact or a case of disagreeing; lack of similarity 分歧;不一致disagree viinquiryn. question; asking 询问resumevt. go on after stopping for a time (中断后)重新开始naturallyad. of course; as one could have expectedhumilityn. humble condition or state of mind 谦卑solelyad. not including anything else or any others; onlysole a.receptaclen. a container for keeping things in 容器literallyad. actually; virtually 确实地;简直fruitfullyad. productively; with good results 富有成果地fruitful a.underlinevt. draw a line under (a word, etc.) esp. to show importance 在……下划线(表示强调)forcefula. strong; powerfulverticala. 垂直的emphasizevt. call attention to; stress 强调asteriskn. a starlike mark used to call attention to sth. 星号(即*)doo-dadn. (informal) a fancy, trifling ornament 小装饰物sparinglyad. economically; frugally 节约地sequencen. succession; connected line of events, ideas, etc. 顺序;连续;一连串relevanta. connected with what is being discussed; appropriate 有关的;适宜的phrasen. 短语end-papern. (often pl.) a piece of blank paper stuck inside the cover atthe beginning or end of a book 衬页indexn. 索引fancya. not ordinary; brightly coloured 别致的;花哨的bookplaten. a piece of paper with the owner's name, usu. pasted to the inside front cover of a book 藏书票integratevt. put or bring together (parts) into a whole 使成一整体structuren. way in which sth. is put together, organized, etc.; framework or essential parts of a building 结构basica. essential; fundamental 主要的;基本的unitym. an arrangement of parts to form a complete whole; the state of being united 总体布局;统一Phrases & Expressionsread between the lines(fig.) find more meaning than the words appear to express 体会字里行间的言外之意do(sb.) goodhelp or benefit (sb.) 帮助(某人);对(某人)有益dip intoread or study for a short time or without much attention 浏览;稍加探究no more……than……in no greater degree……than……a set ofa number of (thing that belong together) 一套so to speak/ say(used as an apology for an unusual use of a word or phrase) as one might say; if I may use this expression, etc. 可以说;容许我打个譬喻get in the waybecome a nuisance or hindrance 挡道;碍事in the second placeas the second thing in order or importance 第二，其次think throughthink about until one reaches an understanding or conclusion 彻底全面考虑reach forstretch out one's hand to grasp; make an effort to grasp 伸手去抓;努力争取set downwrite down on paperpick upstart again after interruption 中断后重新开始leave offstopconsist inlie in; be equivalent to 在于;存在于tie upconnect closely; fasten with rope, etc. 系紧;捆牢reduce……tostate in a more concise form; summarize as 把……归纳为Proper NamesRembrandt伦勃朗(姓氏)Dewey杜威(姓氏) Vallee瓦利(姓氏) Hutchins哈钦斯Chicago芝加哥(美国城市)。
现代大学英语精读book4-unit6课文
Book 4-Unit 5Text AThe TelephoneAnwar F. Accawi1.When I was growing up in Magdaluna, a small Lebanese village in the terraced,rocky mountains east of Sidon, time didn't mean much to anybody, except maybe to those who were dying. In those days, there was no real need for a calendar or a watch to keep track of the hours, days, months, and years. We knew what to do and when to do it, just as the Iraqi geese knew when to fly north, driven by the hot wind that blew in from the desert. The only timepiece we had need of then was the sun. It rose and set, and the seasons rolled by and we sowed seed and harvested and ate and played and married our cousins and had babies who got whooping cough and chickenpox—and those children who survived grew up and married their cousins and had babies who got whooping cough and chickenpox.We lived and loved and toiled and died without ever needing to know what year it was, or even the time of day.2.It wasn't that we had no system for keeping track of time and of the importantevents in our lives. But ours was a natural or, rather, a divine—calendar, because it was framed by acts of God: earthquakes and droughts and floods and locusts and pestilences. Simple as our calendar was, it worked just fine for us.3.Take, for example, the birth date of Teta Im Khalil, the oldest woman in Magdalunaand all the surrounding villages. When I asked Grandma, "How old is Teta Im Khalil"4.Grandma had to think for a moment; then she said, "I've been told that Teta wasborn shortly after the big snow that caused the roof on the mayor's house to cave in."5."And when was that" I asked.6."Oh, about the time we had the big earthquake that cracked the wall in the eastroom."7.Well, that was enough for me. You couldn't be more accurate than that, now, couldyou8.And that's the way it was in our little village for as far back as anybody couldremember. One of the most unusual of the dates was when a whirlwind struck during which fish and oranges fell from the sky. Incredible as it may sound, the story of the fish and oranges was true, because men who would not lie even to save their own souls told and retold that story until it was incorporated into Magdaluna's calendar.9.The year of the fish-bearing whirlpool was not the last remarkable year. Manyothers followed in which strange and wonderful things happened. There was, for instance, the year of the drought, when the heavens were shut for months and the spring from which the entire village got its drinking water slowed to a trickle. The spring was about a mile from the village, in a ravine that opened at one end into a small, flat clearing covered with fine gray dust and hard, marble-sized goat droppings. In the year of the drought, that little clearing was always packed full of noisy kids with big brown eyes and sticky hands, and their mothers—sinewy, overworked young women with cracked, brown heels. The children ran around playing tag or hide-and-seek while the women talked, shooed flies, and awaited their turns to fill up their jars with drinking water to bring home to their napping men and wet babies. There were days when we had to wait from sunup until late afternoon just to fill a small clay jar with precious, cool water.10.Sometimes, amid the long wait and the heat and the flies and the smell of goatdung, tempers flared, and the younger women, anxious about their babies, arguedover whose turn it was to fill up her jar. And sometimes the arguments escalated into full-blown, knockdown-dragout fights; the women would grab each other by the hair and curse and scream and spit and call each other names that made my ears tingle. We little brown boys who went with our mothers to fetch water loved these fights, because we got to see the women's legs and their colored panties as they grappled and rolled around in the dust. Once in a while, we got lucky and saw much more, because some of the women wore nothing at all under their long dresses. God, how I used to look forward to those fights. I remember the rush, the excitement, the sun dancing on the dust clouds as a dress ripped anda young white breast was revealed, then quickly hidden. In my calendar, thatyear of drought will always be one of the best years of my childhood.11.But, in another way, the year of the drought was also one of the worst of mylife, because that was the year that Abu Raja, the retired cook, decided it was time Magdaluna got its own telephone. Every civilized village needed a telephone, he said, and Magdaluna was not going to get anywhere until it had one. A telephone would link us with the outside world. A few men—like the retired Turkish-army drill sergeant, and the vineyard keeper—did all they could to talk Abu Raja out of having a telephone brought to the village. But they were outshouted and ignored and finally shunned by the other villagers for resisting progress and trying to keep a good thing from coming to Magdaluna.12.One warm day in early fall, many of the villagers were out in their fieldsrepairing walls or gathering wood for the winter when the shout went out that the telephone-company truck had arrived at Abu Raja's dikkan, or country store.When the truck came into view, everybody dropped what they were doing and ran to Abu Raja's house to see what was happening.13.It did not take long for the whole village to assemble at Abu Raja's dikkan.Some of the rich villagers walked right into the store and stood at the elbowsof the two important-looking men from the telephone company, who proceeded with utmost gravity, like priests at Communion, to wire up the telephone. The poorer villagers stood outside and listened carefully to the details relayed to them by the not-so-poor people who stood in the doorway and could see inside.14."The bald man is cutting the blue wire," someone said.15."He is sticking the wire into the hole in the bottom of the black box," someoneelse added.16."The telephone man with the mustache is connecting two pieces of wire. Now heis twisting the ends together," a third voice chimed in.17.Because I was small, I wriggled my way through the dense forest of legs to geta firsthand look at the action. Breathless, I watched as the men in blue puttogether a black machine that supposedly would make it possible to talk with uncles, aunts, and cousins who lived more than two days' ride away.18.It was shortly after sunset when the man with the mustache announced that thetelephone was ready to use. He explained that all Abu Raja had to do was lift the receiver, turn the crank on the black box a few times, and wait for an operator to take his call. Abu Raja grabbed the receiver and turned the crank forcefully.Within moments, he was talking with his brother in Beirut. He didn't even have to raise his voice or shout to be heard.19.And the telephone, as it turned out, was bad news. With its coming, the faceof the village began to change. One of the fast effects was the shifting of the village's center. Before the telephone's arrival, the men of the village used to gather regularly at the house of Im Kaleem, a short, middle-aged widow with jet-black hair and a raspy voice that could be heard all over the village, even when she was only whispering. She was a devout Catholic and also the village whore. The men met at her house to argue about politics and drink coffee and play cards or backgammon. Im Kaleem was not a true prostitute, however, becauseshe did not charge for her services—not even for the coffee and tea that she served the men. She did not need the money; her son, who was overseas in Africa, sent her money regularly. Im Kaleem loved all the men she entertained, and they loved her, every one of them. In a way, she was married to all the men in the village. Everybody knew it but nobody objected. Actually I suspect the women did not mind their husbands'visits to Im Kaleem. Oh, they wrung their hands and complained to one another about their men's unfaithfulness, but secretly they were relieved, because Im Kaleem took some of the pressure off them and kept the men out of their hair while they attended to their endless chores. Im Kaleem was also a kind of confessor and troubleshooter, talking sense to those men who were having family problems, especially the younger ones.20.Before the telephone came to Magdaluna, Im Kaleem's house was bustling at justabout any time of day, especially at night, when the loud voices of the men talking, laughing, and arguing could be heard in the street below—a reassuring, homey sound. Her house was an island of comfort, an oasis for the weary village men, exhausted from having so little to do.21.But it wasn't long before many of those men—the younger ones especially—startedspending more of their days and evenings at Abu Raja's dikkan. There, they would eat and drink and talk and play checkers and backgammon, and then lean their chairs back against the wall—the signal that they were ready to toss back and forth, like a ball, the latest rumors going around the village. And they were always looking up from their games and drinks and talk to glance at the phone in the corner, as if expecting it to ring any minute and bring news that would change their lives and deliver them from their aimless existence. In the meantime, they smoked cheap, hand-rolled cigarettes, dug dirt out from under their fingernails with big pocketknives, and drank lukewarm sodas that they called Kacula, Seffen-Ub, and Bebsi.22.The telephone was also bad news for me personally. It took away my lucrativebusiness—a source of much-needed income. Before, I used to hang around Im Kaleem's courtyard and play marbles with the other kids, waiting for some man to call down from a window and ask me to run to the store for cigarettes or liquor, or to deliver a message to his wife, such as what he wanted for supper. There was always something in it for me: a ten or even a twenty-five-piaster piece.On a good day, I ran nine or ten of those errands, which assured a steady supply of marbles that I usually lost to other boys. But as the days went by fewer and fewer men came to Im Kaleem's, and more and more congregated at Abu Raja's to wait by the telephone. In the evenings, the laughter and noise of the men trailed off and finally stopped.23.At Abu Raja's dikkan, the calls did eventually come, as expected, and men andwomen started leaving the village the way a hailstorm begins: first one, then two, then bunches.24.The army took them. Jobs in the cities lured them. And ships and airplanes carriedthem to such faraway places as Australia and Brazil and New Zealand. My friend Kameel, his cousin Habeeb, and their cousins and my cousins all went away to become ditch diggers and mechanics and butcher-shop boys and deli owners who wore dirty aprons sixteen hours a day, all looking for a better life than the one they had left behind. Within a year, only the sick, the old, and the maimed were left in the village. Magdaluna became a skeleton of its former self, desolate and forsaken, like the tombs, a place to get away from.25.Finally, the telephone took my family away, too. My father got a call from anold army buddy who told him that an oil company in southern Lebanon was hiring interpreters and instructors. My father applied for a job and got it, and we moved to Sidon, where I went to a Presbyterian missionary school and graduated in 1962. Three years later, having won a scholarship, I left Lebanon for theUnited States. Like the others who left Magdaluna before me, I am still looking for that better life. (2121 words)。
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penetrate较正式用词，可指用任何工具穿入或穿透，也可指 光线、声音等透过物体。 Eg:X-rays can penetrate many objects. X射线能穿透很多物体。 stab主要指利器刺入、刺伤，如用匕首、短刀等。 thrust本义是使某物（人）进入或把某物刺进或使之穿透某 物，有时侧重穿透、刺入。 Eg:They thrust him into the back of a jeep. 他们把他猛推入吉普车的后部。
• roll in 蜂拥而来 ; 滚滚而来 ; 推击入洞 ; 转入 • roll out 铺开 ; 辗平 ; 挡拆后退出 ; 转出 • roll film 胶卷 ; 成卷胶片 ; 卷型胶片 ; 卷片
• She looked at Ginny and tears rolled down her cheeks. • 她看着金尼，泪珠顺着脸颊淌下。 • The waters of the Yellow River roll to the sea. 黄河之水 滚滚入海。 • Years rolled on. • 岁月流逝。 • The slow steady roll of the ship made him sick. • 轮船不停地缓慢摇晃使他感到不适。
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• suspend vt. 延缓，推迟；使暂停；使悬浮 vi. 悬浮；禁赛
Eg:The virtual machine essentially becomes an appliance with three buttons: power on / off, suspend, and reset. 虚拟机本质上就像一个只有三个按钮的设备：启动/关闭、 暂停和复位 The policeman was suspended while the complaint was investigated. 因该警察遭投诉，在调查期间已令其暂停职务。
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• disembowel/ˌd ɪsɪmˌba ʊəl/ vt. 取出…的内脏 • intestine /ɪnˌt ɛstɪn/ • adj. 内部的；国内的 • n. 肠 • small~ • large~
内脏的其他词见 《牛津高阶》P208
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• • • • •
rip vt. 撕；锯 vi. 裂开，被撕裂 n. 裂口，裂缝 rip out扯掉；狠狠地发出
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The Lake
rowing boat
on the lake in the Central Park
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• heap
n.堆, 许多, <口>破车，积累 vt.使成堆, 装满, 大量给予 vi. 堆起来 heaps of 大量；许多 a heap of [口]一大堆；许多 heap up (wealth...)堆积，堆起 heap praise upon 对...大加称赞
Eg：We have heaps of time. 我们有很多时间。
He heaped the plate with food 他在盘子里堆满了食物。
【词义辨析】 accumulate, collect, gather, heap 这些动词均含“积聚，聚集，积累”之意。 accumulate几乎可用于指任何事物量的增加，侧重连续不断地，一点一 滴地聚积。
• compelling 引人注目的，紧迫的，令人信服 的;强迫的
Байду номын сангаас
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at hand:
在附近，在手边 on hand: 现在，在手头；到场出席；即将发生 I haven't my photograph album at hand, but I'll Please be on hand at12: 30 sharp. show it to you later. 请在 12点30 分准时在席 There will be 300 representatives on hand in this 我的照像簿不在手边，以后我再拿给你看。 conference. 这次会议将有 300个代表出席。 Your big moment is at hand. 你的重大时刻即将到来。 in hand: 手里拿着；在掌握中；（工作等）在进行中（讨究） Having enough data in hand, we can set to work. 手头有足够的资料我们可以开始工作了。
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n.suspension 悬浮；暂停；停职 suspense 悬念；悬疑；焦虑；悬而不决 in ~ 处于悬念之中（suspense是指a feeling or state of nervousness or excitement caused by wondering what will happen ）
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on one’s hands
受照顾；需要负责；可自由支配 1. 她有许多子女要照顾。 She has a large family on her hands. 2. 我手里有一所空房子要处理掉。
I have an empty house on my hands.
3.他有许多时间可自由支配。 He has got much time on his hands.
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• rip into 猛烈攻击，抨击 • Eg:She won the election campaign by ripping into her opponent's political record. • rip up sth. 撕碎，撕毁
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• • • •
【词义辨析】 tear, rip, split 这些动词均有“撕裂、扯破”之意。 tear最普通用词，指有意或无意地把布或纸等没接缝的材 料撕开。可作引申用。 Eg:I tore my coat on a nail. 我的外套在一个钉子上挂破了。
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• bearing n. [机] 轴承；关系；方位；举止 Eg:This question has a bearing on a much more important one. 这个问题关系到一个更重要的问题。
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The Strawberry Fields
The tear-drop-shaped area
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• rip侧重指用力把布料等物撕开，也可指用粗暴手段把某物 撕裂。 • split非正式用词，指有力的切断、劈开或撕裂的动作。 Eg:The seat of his grey trousers split. 他的那条灰色裤子的臀部裂开了。
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• • • •
roll vt. 卷；滚动，转动；辗 vi. 卷；滚动；转动；起伏，摇晃 n. 卷，卷形物；名单；摇晃
[词义解析] cease指逐渐、徐徐中止某种状态的存在。书面用词。 halt侧重突然地、决定性地终止、停止某一活动。 Eg:Bus service between Town Centre and Newton Housing Estate will be＿＿until the motorway is repaired. A.discontinued B.suspended C.halted D.ceased
Eg:Lead can accumulate in the body until toxic levels are reached. 铅可以在体内积聚直至到达有毒的程度。
collect普通用词，多用于指物，侧重指有区别地作选择或有安排有计划 地把零散物集中起来。
gather普通用词，指人或物或抽象事物都可用。侧重于围绕一个中心的 集合、聚集。
Para. 6
of parcel of park landscape
in the south of Central Park planted with 125,000
strawberry. It is named
after the song Strawberry Fields Forever in honor of
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• compulsive 强迫的，上瘾的，难以抑制的
Eg:He was a compulsive gambler and often heavily in debt. 他是一个欲罢不能的赌徒，常常债台高筑。
• compulsory 强制的，势在必行的，义务的
Eg:He believes that the study of history should be compulsory in school. 他认为在学校里学习历史应该是强制性的。
• rip off[俚]偷窃；扯掉；欺诈；剥削
• let rip[口语]毫无拘束地讲话；自由自在地行动；纵情欢 乐;让(感情等)奔放 • Eg:If this chain reaction is allowed to let rip, the result is a nuclear explosion. • 如果任这一连锁反应发展下去，最终就会产生核爆炸。
John Lennon (1940—1980),
member of the Beatles.
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• stab • vt. 刺；刺伤；戳；刺穿；直入 • vi. 刺；刺伤；戳；刺痛 • n. 刺；戳；尝试；突发的一阵 Eg:He stabbed at the earth with his stick. 他拿手杖戳著地。 【词义辨析】 pierce, penetrate, prick, stab, thrust 这些动词均含“刺入，穿透”之意。 pierce多指人为地用刀刺、剑等尖锐东西刺穿或刺入某物。 Eg:One bullet pierced the left side of his chest. 一颗子弹射入了他的左胸。