现在完成时与过去完成时的比较

现在完成时一、现在完成时的意义：1. 表示动作在过去发生，但对现在造成影响2. 表示动作在过去发生，一直持续到现在，可能还将继续持续下去二、现在完成时的结构：基本结构：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +done.一般疑问句：have或has放于句首。

I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)三、现在完成时的时间状语：1. for ,since 动词要用延续性动词Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.延续性动词和非延续性动词延续性动词表示能延续的动作，常与表示时间段的状语连用。

如：learn，work，keep, have, wait, sleep, live, stay, read等。

非延续性动词又称为瞬间动词，常与表示时间点的状语连用。

如：leave，die, finish, come, go, borrow, buy,begin, close等。

延续性动词和非延续性动词的转换die------be deadarrive/get/reach/come-----------be here(in)leave-----be awayget up----- be upbecome---------bebuy/get------haveborrow------keepcatch a cold-------have a coldmove to ---------live in2. already, yet, just, before, recently, latelyHe has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet？3.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, some times, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如so far, up to now, up to present, in the pass few years等:Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year.The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.四、have been to, have gone to, have been in的区别1.have gone to意为“某人去了某地”，现在还没有回来，主语只能是第三人称Where is Jim？—He has gone to England.2.have been to意为“曾经去过某地”，现在人已经回来了，后可接次数，如once，twice，three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和just，never，ever等连用。

如：My father has been to Beijing twice．I have never been to the GREat Wall．3.have been in表示“在某地呆了多久”，常与时间段状语连用。

如：I have been in Shanghai for three years．我到上海已有三年了。

Mr Wang isn't here．He ___________________ Qingdao．I _________________ London three times.He _____________________ Hangzhou for ten years.Have you ever ___________________ America?练习：1. Now he ________ a book about New York. I don’t think he will finish it.A. writesB. wroteC. has writtenD. is writing2. Our team ________ every match so far this year, but we still have three games to play.A. was winningB. has wonC. had wonD. wins3. I ________ my homework now.A. finishB. finishedC. have finishedD. had finished4. I ________ this coat for very long. It still looks quite new.A. wasn’t havingB. haven’t hadC. hadn’tD. haven’t been having5. ________ reading the book yet?A. Have you finishedB. Were you finishingC. Had you finishedD. Are you finishing6. The evening party ________ .You are a little late.A. just beganB. just has begunC. has just begunD. has begun just now7. The dog is still wet. It ________ out of the rain.A. only just comesB. has only just comingC. was only just comeD. has only just come8. He ________ home for nearly three weeks.A. has gone away fromB. has leftC. has been away fromD. went away from9. ----- Did your brother go to America last year? ----- ________ .A. No, he has never go thereB. No, he has never gone hereC. No, he never was thereD. No, he’s never been there10. My uncle ________ in that factory since 1958.A. workedB. had workedC. is workingD. has worked过去完成时一、过去完成时的意义：表示动作发生在过去Most of the guest had left when he arrived at the party. （即：客人在他到之前已经离开了。

）二、过去完成时的结构：had done三、过去完成时的判定：1.根据两个动作的先后2.根据过去完成时的标志性时间状语：①by+时间短语（到……时；到……为止）②when,after, before③realize,say这些动词引导的宾语从句After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.Work on it had begun before my sister left.The film had already begun when I got to the cinema .I had finished writing my composition by 10:00 this morning.She realized she had left her books at home.练习：1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.A. where I had beenB. where I had goneC. where had I beenD. where had I gone2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?A. did, doB. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。

A. learnedB. was learningC. had learnedD. learnt4. She ______lived here for ______ years.A. had, a fewB. has, severalC. had, a lot ofD. has, a great deal of5.When I got there, he _______ tennis for half an hour.A. has playedB.had playedC. have playedD.was playing6. She said she __________ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.A. forB. inC. byD. at8. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the pianoC. has learned, the pianoD. learns ,piano9.Before I __________(leave) home yesterday, I _____________(clean) the house.10.She told me that she __________(read) the novel already.。