定语从句课堂笔记
初中英语定语从句笔记
定语从句(一)、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2) You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
高中定语从句笔记整理
高中定语从句笔记整理一、只用that引导的定语从句1)序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时,要用that。
The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.2)all, everything, nothing, something, anything 等不定代词作先行词时用that。
Everything that we saw in the factory greatly interested us.3)当先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,a few等不定代词修饰时。
4)先行词既有人又有物时,要用that。
We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school.5)先行词前有the only, the very, the right, the same等修饰时,要用that。
It is the very skirt that suits me well.6)在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中,要用thatWhoever that is content with a little progress can’t make big achievements.7)关系代词在定语从句中作表语只用thatHe is no longer the man that he used to be.He is no longer what he used to be.二、只用which引导的定语从句1)介词后面只用which。
The house in which they lived last year has been rebuilt.2)引导非限制性定语从句时,要用which。
定语从句笔记归纳1
定语从句笔记归纳1一、定义定语从句是一种与主句形成逻辑上的完整意义的从句,它的功能是修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或其他形式。
它以关系副词(关系代词)或关系介词开头,然后接一完整的从句。
二、种类1、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词有 who, whom, which, that 和 whose 五种,分别引导三类定语从句:人称定语从句、物主定语从句和指示定语从句等。
(1)人称定语从句从句中的关系代词 who 或 whose 用于指人,引导定语从句时可替换主句中的名词或代词;whom 用于宾格;由 whose 引导的定语从句,可修饰名词或代词,一般与 of which 等省略句等形式媲美;由 which, that 和 what 等引导的定语从句,可指示主句中的人或物。
在疑问句中使用 that 引导的定语从句,一般是陈述句的意思。
关系介词主要有 in which, at which, on which, to which, from which, with which, by which 等,这些介词后加完整的从句形成关系介词短语,作主句中名词或代词的定语,可改变其后加从句时只有在定语从句中才能正确表达的意思。
三、特殊状况(1)当主句含有几个并列的定语时,如果定语从句修饰的名词是前面的几个定语的总称,仍然用 which 引导定语从句;(2)在强调句中,定语从句修饰的名词大多用 that 引导;(4)在并列连词或关系副词前,非限定性定语从句用 which 引导,限定性定语从句则用 that 引导;(5)在分词引导的定语从句中,分词前一般有关系副词,定语从句中可以有一个所修饰的名词,也可以没有;(6)不定式引导的定语从句由to do 引导,定语从句修饰的名词放在不定式前。
定语从句笔记.doc
学习必备定语从句Part 1 定语从句定义及概述什么是定语从句?(1)定语从句:在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
(2)先行词:被定语从句修饰的词,叫做先行词。
(3)关系词:分为关系代词和关系副词,在从句中担当一定成分。
Eg.I will never forget the girl(先行词)that(关系词) I met yesterday in the street(定语从句) . ※定语从句两个必须 :★先行词在从句中必须作一个成分;★先行词所作的成分必须空缺。
Part 2 关系代词引导的定语从句项目关系词先行词所指关系词在从句中的作用关系词thatwhichwho关系代词whomwhoseas1.关系代词 that 的用法用法:既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时常_______。
1)This is the factory that produces cars.作(_____,指物 )2)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate.作( ______,指人 )3)The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting. 作(______,指物 )※关系代词 that 的特权和禁区1.特权:行使特权的条件:(1)限定性定语从句(即从句前无逗号);(2)介词没有提前。
2.禁区:有两种情况下,关系代词不会用that,指物时用 which;指人时用 who/whom。
(1)___________________(即从句前有逗号);(2)_________提前时。
2.关系代词 which 的用法用法:指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时常可省略。
1)China is a country which has a long history.作(主语 )※只用 that 不用 which 的情况:欢迎下载(1)______________________________This is the best book that I have ever read.(2)________________________________The first book that I bought was about how to learn English.(3)先行词是 _________________等不定代词或由 some, any, every, no等词构成的复合代词时)I did all that I could do at that time.There was little that the doctor could do for the patient.(4)当先行词被 ______________________修饰时。
定语从句笔记归纳1
定语从句笔记归纳11.关系代词that指人/物,作主语时不可省,作宾语一般可省which指物,作主语不可省,作宾语一般可省who指人,作主语;口语中有时也作宾语,作宾语一般可省whom指人,做宾语,一般可省whose指人(sb's)/物(sth's)(多指人,指物时可与of which互换),作定语as指人/物,作主语或宾语2.用that而不用which的情况❶先行词既有人又有物❷主句是which或who开头的特殊疑问句e.g.Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?❸先行词是序数词或最高级(或前面有序数词/最高级修饰时)❹先行词有every,each,no,some,the only,the very,the last,the same修饰❺先行词是all,much,few,little,any,none,the one(共同点:有“唯一”或“全部”的概念,以致不可选择),something,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词或被这些词修饰时e.g.Tell me everything that you know.❻先行词在主句中作表语,且关系代词在从句中也做表语(此时句子一般有类比的含义)e.g.Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.3.用which而不用that的情况❶非限制性定语从句❷关系代词前有介词时一般用which❸先行词为that或thosee.g.What's that which flashed in the sky just now?❹限制性定语从句中,若有两个定语从句,一句用that,另一句宜用whiche.g.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.4.用who而不用that的情况❶先行词为指人的不定代词,如one,ones,anyone,no one,nobody,anybody,none,all❷there be结构中先行词指人❸先行词为people或those❹一个句子中有两个定语从句,且先行词都指人,一个用that,另一个宜用who注:who可以引导非限制性定语从句5.主谓一致❶关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词单复数根据先行词而定(如those who are...)❷one of + 限定词 + 名词复数 + 定语从句(谓语动词用复数)e.g.She's one of my best friends that are studying here.❸the only/the very/the right one of + 限定词 + 名词复数 + 定语从句(谓语动词用单数)6.as若用于such... as...,the same... as...等结构中,不可省(先行词被the same修饰时也可用that,但that表示同一事物)e.g.Such books as I have read are classical works.(我所读过的书都是经典著作)e.g.This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.(这正是我昨天丢的那支钢笔(同一个))e.g.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.(这支钢笔和我昨天丢的那支一样(同一类))若引导非限制性定语从句代替整个主句,该从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间(which引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时只能位于主句后,可译为“这一点”)。
定语从句的笔记
定语从句的笔记提起定语从句,我就想起了那段被它“折磨”又“征服”的日子。
那可真是一段让人又爱又恨的学习经历啊!还记得刚开始接触定语从句的时候,我整个人都是懵的。
老师在讲台上讲得眉飞色舞,我在下面听得云里雾里。
什么先行词、关系词,一堆陌生的概念一股脑地涌过来,把我的脑袋搅成了一团浆糊。
为了搞清楚这个让人头疼的定语从句,我决定好好做笔记。
那时候,我的笔记本简直成了我的“战斗武器”。
我在上面密密麻麻地写满了各种例句、解释和自己的理解。
比如说,“The man who is standing there is my father.”在这个句子里,“who is standing there”就是定语从句,用来修饰先行词“the man”。
我就在笔记上详细地分析:先行词“the man”是个人,所以关系词用“who”,然后“is standing there”描述了这个人的状态。
还有像“The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.” 这里先行词“the book”是物,所以关系词用“which”,“I bought yesterday”说明了这本书是我昨天买的。
我当时就在想,这定语从句就像是给先行词穿上了一件详细的描述外套,让它变得更加具体生动。
做笔记的时候,我可认真了。
每一个例句我都要反复琢磨好几遍,生怕自己理解错了。
有时候为了搞清楚一个复杂的句子,我会在笔记旁边画上各种小图案来帮助自己记忆。
比如画个小人代表先行词,再画些箭头和波浪线表示关系词和从句的作用。
有一次,我遇到了一个超级复杂的定语从句:“The house whose roof was damaged in the storm has now been repair ed.” 我盯着这个句子看了好久,心里一直在嘀咕:“这到底是个啥呀?” 于是,我开始在笔记上一步一步地拆解。
先找出先行词“the house”,然后分析关系词“whose”,它在这儿表示所属关系,“roof was damaged in the storm”描述的是房子的屋顶在暴风雨中受损的情况。
高一英语定语从句笔记
1关系代词(先行词在从句中充当主语或宾语时):that(人或物),which(物),who(人),whom(人)(只作宾语),whose(指代先行词的所有格,可替代人或物)2关系副词(先行词在从句中充当状语时):where(充当地点)=介词+which; when(充当时间)=介词+which; why(充当原因)=for which 3 whose cover=the cover of which=of which the coverwhose money=the money of whom=of whom the money(后两种很少用)4 介词后的关系代词只能用which指代物,用whom指代人The man to whom you spoke was a scientist.The city in which she lives is far away.5 只能用that 做关系代词的情况1) 先行词为不定代词everything,little,much,all,anything,nothing , none 等。
e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2) 先行词前有形容词最高级时,或是最高级时,用that。
e.g. This is the best book (that) I have ever read.3) 先行词被the only,the very,the last ,the same ,the just等修饰时,用that。
e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.4) 先行词同时指人和指物时,用that。
e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.5) 先行词被序数词或the last 修饰时,e.g. He was the first person that got to the Mount Emei.6) 先行词是或被不定代词all, few, little, much, every, some, no等修饰时。
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记英语定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念,用于修饰名词或代词。
以下是关于英语定语从句的知识点总结笔记:1. 定语从句的定义:定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,它提供额外的信息来描述或限制先行词的意义。
2. 关系词:定语从句中常用的关系词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。
3. 关系词的用法:●that: 用来引导限定性定语从句,修饰人或物。
●which: 用来引导非限定性定语从句,修饰事物。
●who/whom: 用来引导限定性或非限定性定语从句,修饰人。
●whose: 用来引导限定性或非限定性定语从句,修饰所有格。
●when: 用来引导时间定语从句。
●where: 用来引导地点定语从句。
4. 关系词的省略:当关系词在从句中作宾语且在从句中有明确的先行词时,关系词可以被省略。
5. 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句:●限定性定语从句是对先行词进行必要的限制和修饰,如果去掉定语从句,整个句子的意思会有所改变。
●非限定性定语从句是对先行词进行附加的说明或补充,如果去掉定语从句,整个句子的意思仍然完整。
6. 先行词的位置:定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。
7. 关系副词的用法:when, where和why可以引导时间、地点和原因定语从句。
8. 注意点:●在定语从句中,人用who/whom,物用which/that。
●当关系词修饰整个主句时,用which,而不用that。
●在非限定性定语从句中,关系词前要有逗号。
以上是关于英语定语从句的一些基本知识点总结。
掌握这些知识点,可以帮助你正确理解和运用定语从句,使你的英语表达更加准确和流畅。
定语从句知识记录
定语从句1.相关概念:定语从句是在复合句中充当定语的从句,它的英文是adjective clause,直译是形容词性从句。
定语从句在句子中的作用是限定修饰名词。
2主要知识点:①关系词(关系代词/关系副词);②关系词的特殊情况;③特殊关系词:介词+ which/whom,whose,as,数量词+of which/whom;④限制性定语从句和非限制定语从句3.内容详解:⑴关系词:知识点补充:①先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或者代词。
②关系词:引导定语从句的词。
也可充当句子成分。
③as做关系代词引导定语从句。
用在such, same, as等之后引导限制性定语从句。
引导非限制性定语从句时可在主句之前、之后或中间。
且主从句要用逗号隔开。
关系代词:例句:②作主语The girl who/that is wearing white dress is Dora.This is a car which/that was made in China.②引导词作动词的宾语The girl who/whom/that/省略I saw was Jane. The move which/that/省略I watched last night was very interesting. Ella,who/whom I knew in high school, is studying music in France.②引导词作介词宾语The girl to whom I gave coffee smiled at me.=The girl whom I gave coffee to smiled at me.The song to which I am listening was very popular in the 1999s.②引导词作定语I have a friend whose name is Sophia.I bought a bag whose price was very high.关系副词:②在表示方式、时间、地点、原因等的先行词之后,可用that代替when,where,why;相当于介词+which,此时修饰的先行词为the way,the time,the place,the reason等,that一般可省略。
定语从句笔记整理
定语从句一、关系代词1. that既可指人又可指物,在从句中作主语宾语2.which 只指物,在从句中作主语或宾语.3.who/whom 只指人,who在从句中作主语或宾语,而whom只作宾语.4.whose是代词的所有格,既可代人也可代物Eg 1.The letter that/which I received was from my father.2.The doctor whom /who /that you are looking for is in the room.3.Do you know the man whose name is Wang Y u.4.The book whose cover is red is my English book.注:一、关系代词指物时只用that不用which的情况1.先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything , little , much 等不定代词时.Eg Tell me everything that you know2.先行词被very , both , the only , all , no , every , any , little , much , some修饰时. Eg This is the only book that I have.3.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时Eg This is the most beautiful city that I have visited.4.先行词被序数词修饰时Eg This is the last lesson that we have this term.5.先行词既包括人又包括物Eg They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.6.主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时Eg Which is the coat that you like best?Who is the man that was talking to you?7. that 常用作表语Eg China is not the country that it used to be.He is not that man that he was.8.有两个定从,其中一个已用which另一个用that.Eg Edison build a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.二、适宜用which的情况1.在从句中作介词的宾语,当介词提前时,只用which,代词在句尾时两者皆可. Eg He found that which he had been looking forThis is the question that/which we have had so much discussion about.This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.The chair (which/that) she is sitting on is made of wood.The chair on which she issitting is made of wood.2.在非限定性定语从句中必用which不能用thatThey have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.I said nothing,which made him angry.三、下列情况中多用whoEg One who has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.Anyone who fails to finish the task should be criticized.There is an old man who wants to see you.The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies veryhard.二、关系副词1、whereEg 1、This is the school. I used to teach at the school.This is the school where/at which I used to teach.2、What’s the name of the town? We stayed in the town last night.What’s the name of the town where / in which we stayed last night?3、This is the house where I was born.This is the house which/that I was born in.This is the house in which I was born.2、whenEg 1、Tell me the time. The train leaves at that time.Tell me the time when / at which the train leaves.2、July is coming soon. We can go home for a rest in July.July, when / in which we can go home for a rest, is coming soon.3、I’ll never forget the day. I reached the top of Mount Tai on that day.I’ll never forget the day when / on which I reached top of Mount Tai.4、Y ou will have some spare time. Y ou can learn French at home during this time.Y ou will have some spare time when / during which you can learn French at home.3、whyEg I don’t know the reason. He left here for the reason.I don’t know the reason why/ for which he left here.注: The reason why he was late was that her child was ill in hospital.The reason which she gave me was that her child was ill in hospital.4、由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句。
九年级定语从句知识点笔记
九年级定语从句知识点笔记九年级定语从句知识点笔记:定语从句基本结构及分类1、关系代词which;that;which;whose;whoever;whoever2、关系副词which;that;which;whose;whoever;whoever2、关系副词which;that;which;whose;whoever;whoever3、关系连词。
其中,连词which和that常用于非限制性定语从句中,而连词which用于限制性定语从句中, that用于限制性定语从句中, whether用于非限制性定语从句中, whoever用于限制性定语从句中。
但是,连词neither和nor都只能与一个句子成分连用。
用来连接两个主语,分别表示两者之间的关系。
1、which;that;Which;whoever用于非限制性定语从句中2、neither;nor;neither;nor;both用于非限制性定语从句中。
当两个分句共同作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
3、关系连词。
其中,连词which用于非限制性定语从句中,连词that用于限制性定语从句中,而连词which用于限制性定语从句中, that用于限制性定语从句中。
但是,连词neither和nor都只能与一个句子成分连用。
当两个分句共同作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
定语从句可以有非限制性定语,也可以有限制性定语,这要根据情况而定,非限制性定语从句没有时态、人称、数等变化,限制性定语从句则有时态、人称、数等变化。
限制性定语从句有3种:状语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。
状语从句只有时态、人称、数等变化,宾语从句和表语从句在语义上有不同,前者表示人或事物所处的地位或与人或事物的关系,后者则表示人或事物的性质或状态。
对于状语从句,我们要弄清时态,注意从句与主句的关系,对于宾语从句,要注意连接词、介词的搭配使用。
对于表语从句,要看句子中缺少的成分,若缺少主语,则表语从句缺少主语,若缺少谓语,则表语从句缺少谓语。
定语从句课堂笔记,归纳
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高三定语从句知识点笔记
1.当定语从句中的主语与先行词相同时,可以将关系代词who/which/that省略。
-正:The boy who is playing basketball is my brother.
→ The boy playing basketball is my brother.
2.当定语从句中的关ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้代词在从句中作宾语时,可以将关系代词who/which/that省略。
以上就是关于高三定语从句的一些知识点的笔记,希望对你有所帮助。祝你考试顺利!
-正:The book which/that I am reading is very interesting.
→ The book I am reading is very interesting.
六、定语从句和定语从句修饰的名词之间的关系
1.先行词和定语从句的关系可以是主动关系、被动关系、所属关系等。
4. whose:
-可以用来修饰人或物,表示所属关系。
-一般用来引导定语从句,修饰名词。
三、定语从句的引导词选择
1.先行词是人时,使用who或that。
-正:The girl who is singing is my friend.
-正:The girl that is singing is my friend.
-错:The girl which is singing is my friend.
2.先行词是物时,使用which或that。
-正:The book which/that is on the table is mine.
-错:The book who/whom is on the table is mine.
定语从句笔记整理
定语从句是英语中一种重要的句型,它用来修饰名词或代词,通常放在被修饰的词后面。
下面是定语从句的笔记整理:1. 定义定语从句是一个包含主语和谓语的句子,用来修饰一个名词或代词,从而限定其范围或补充说明其特征。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)2. 引导词定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,包括that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。
例如:The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.(穿着红色裙子的女孩是我妹妹。
)3. 关系代词的使用关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,根据其在从句中所起的作用来选择使用。
例如:The man who is standing there is my father.(站在那里的男人是我的父亲。
)4. 关系副词的使用关系副词在定语从句中作状语,表示时间、地点或原因等。
常用的关系副词有when, where, why等。
例如:This is the house where I was born.(这是我出生的房子。
)5. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是对先行词进行限定和说明的从句,如果去掉该从句,原句的意思就会不完整或不清楚。
非限制性定语从句则是对先行词进行补充说明的从句,如果去掉该从句,原句的意思仍然清楚。
例如:My brother, who is a doctor, lives in New York.(我的兄弟是一名医生,他住在纽约。
)(限制性定语从句)My brother lives in New York, where he works as a doctor.(我的兄弟住在纽约,在那里他当一名医生。
)(非限制性定语从句)。
英语定语从句知识点笔记
英语定语从句知识点笔记英语中,定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
在定语从句中,有一个引导词,一般是关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which)或关系副词(when, where, why)。
1.关系代词的用法:a.who用来指人,作主语或宾语,代替先行词为人的名词。
b.whom用来指人,作宾语,代替先行词为人的名词。
c.whose用来指人或物,表示所属关系,通常用来修饰物或人的名词。
d.that用来指人或物,作主语或宾语,代替先行词为人或物的名词。
e.which用来指物,作主语或宾语,代替先行词为物的名词。
2.关系副词的用法:a.when用来指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
b.where用来指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
c.why用来指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
3.定语从句的基本结构:定语从句的基本结构是先行词+关系词+从句。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. (我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)My sister, who is a doctor, lives in London. (我的姐姐是一名医生,住在伦敦。
)4.定语从句的位置:定语从句可以放在先行词的前面或后面,但是要注意先行词和定语从句之间的语法关系。
例如:The girl who is standing over there is my sister. (站在那边的女孩是我的妹妹。
)The house, which was built in 1900, has a lot of history. (那座建于1900年的房子有很多历史。
)5.定语从句的省略:如果定语从句中的主语和先行词中的主语相同,那么在定语从句中可以省略关系代词。
例如:The boy (who) I met yesterday is very nice. (我昨天遇到的那个男孩非常好。
定语从句(笔记)
This is the boy (whom/who/that) I sit behind. behind whom This is the boy __________ I sit.
3.Is this the library ? You borrow books from the libr句的谓语动词 关系代词在定从中作主语时, 的人称和单复数形式须和它的先行词保持一致!
3. whom 指代人,在定从中做宾语。 指代人,在定从中做宾语。 (who/whom/that) Do you know the young man ___________ we met at the gate? She is the girl (who/whom/that) I went there with. 作介词宾语 with whom = She is the girl _____________ I went there. ※介词+关系代词 :介词后的关系代词 介词 关系代词 (介词后的关系代词whom,which不能省略) 不能省略) 不能省略 当关系代词作介词宾语,且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构 当关系代词作介词宾语 且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构 成固定短语时,定从中的介词可以提前 定从中的介词可以提前(即放于先行词与定从 成固定短语时 定从中的介词可以提前 即放于先行词与定从 之间)。在介词之后指物用关系代词which;指人用 之间 。在介词之后指物用关系代词 ;指人用whom。 。 That is the room(which/that)we have lived in for ten years. _________ in which = That is the room ________ we have lived for ten years. Zhang is the boy _______________ we can’t live without. (who/that/whom) Zhang is the boy _______________ we can’t live. without whom
初中定语从句笔记
初中定语从句笔记定语从句是英语中的一个重要语法结构,它可以用来修饰名词、代词或者名词性短语,起到限定或者补充说明的作用。
掌握定语从句的使用方法对于学习英语来说非常关键。
本文将对初中定语从句进行详细笔记,以帮助同学们更好地理解和运用这一语法结构。
一、什么是定语从句定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的一个从句,用来修饰名词、代词或者名词性短语。
定语从句通常在句中位于被修饰词的后面,用来进一步解释和限定这个词的含义。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词包括that, who, whom, whose, which等。
它们分别代表不同的对象,根据被修饰词的不同而选择相应的关系代词。
1. 关系代词that关系代词that可用来修饰人和物,用来引导定语从句时可以省略。
例句1: The boy that is standing over there is my brother.翻译: 那个站在那边的男孩是我的弟弟。
例句2: This is the book that I bought yesterday.翻译: 这是我昨天买的书。
2. 关系代词who/whom关系代词who用来修饰人作为主语,而whom用于修饰人作为宾语。
在现代英语中,whom的使用较少,一般情况下我们都用who代替。
例句1: The girl who is playing the piano is my sister.翻译: 正在弹钢琴的女孩是我的妹妹。
例句2: The boy whom I met yesterday is a famous actor.翻译: 我昨天遇见的男孩是一位著名的演员。
3. 关系代词whose关系代词whose表示所有关系,用来修饰人或物。
相对于汉语中的“的”,它在定语从句中通常出现在被修饰词的后面。
例句1: This is the house whose roof is red.翻译: 这是那座屋顶是红色的房子。
定语从句笔记
定语从句笔记一、定义定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法●that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)●which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is our school.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是我们的学校。
(作主语)The film (which)we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)●who,whom用于指人,who是主格,在定语从句中作主语,whom是宾格,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略。
例如:The teacher who is talking with my father is Mr Wang.正在和我爸爸谈话的那位老师是王老师。
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定语从句课堂笔记(单燕梅)
同学们,定语从句在英语运用中是最重要最普遍的语法模块之一,希望大家用心学习,全面掌握!
句和非限制性定语从句(被修饰的词:先行词;引导定语从句的词:关系词,在句中的作用是连接先行词和定语从句)
常见的关系代词有that ,which , who, whom, whose as,在从句中作主语或宾语
He is the man (who/that/whom) you want to see. (关系代词做
的宾语)
The man who/that will give a talk is a famous professor. (who/that做从句的主语) The girl, who is very beautiful, impressed us with her strong sense of humor.
注意:當先行詞是those(指人), she ,he ,they等代詞時,關係代詞用who.
We have visited the factory which/that makes TV sets
The fish (which/that )they sell are not fresh.(关系代词which/that 做sell的宾语)
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.
I live in the room whose window faces south.
Flora, whose hair was wet, began to cry.
whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型,如:
e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
=They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.
e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.
比较:This is the same wallet as I lost.这个钱包和我丢的那个一样。
①as可放在句首和句中,which不能放在句首
②Which既可代指先行词,又可代指整个主句的内容。
相当于“and this” or “ and that”. 译为“这一点”。
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.(which指代先行词bamboo)
He was late again, which made the teacher angry.(which指代整个主句“He was late again”)
而as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。
译为“正如…..那样”,且已形成固定结构。
如:as is known/said/reported/often the case/expected, as we know/expect etc. e.g. Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.
As is reported, China has become an important country in the world.
Do you know the woman to whom she is talking. (she is talking to the woman)
= Do you know the woman whom(who/that) she is talking to.(介词后置时,whom 可换成who/that)
The tool with which he is working is called a saw.(he is working with the tool)
=The tool which(that) he is working with is called a saw. (介词后时,which可换成that)
但,如果定语从句的谓语动词和介词搭配非常紧密,介词不宜放在which/whom前
The girl whom I used to look after has grown up.
The girl after whom I used to look has grown up.(误)
另外:介词也可以有some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, most, few以及数词构成的名词词组
There are forty students in our class, twenty of whom are from the South.
1. 先行词为不定代词,nothing, little,much, few, none, no, some, any,all,etc.或先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。
e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.
I’ve read all the boo ks that are not mine.
2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时,用that
e.g. This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.
3. 先行词被the only,the very,the last, the same修饰时,用that。
e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.
4. 先行词同时指人和指物时,用that
e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.
5. 在定语从句中避免重复,一般也只用that
e.g. Who is the man that is crying?(不用who is crying)
Which is the answer that he chose?(不用which he chose)
6. 当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時,关系代词用that(that可省略).
She isn’t the girl that she was 10 years ago.
7.主句以There be 引导时
There are 200 people that didn’t know the thing.
附:.一般说来,定语从句总是紧跟在先行词的后面,但有时候定语从句与先行词之间被其他成
分分隔开来,这样的句子叫分隔定语从句. The days are gone when we suffered so much
常见的关系副词有三个:when, where 和why,关系副词引导定语从句时,既引导定语从句,又在定语从句中充当状语。
关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词结构。
He told me the date when(on which) he joined the Party.
This is the place where(in which) we lived ten years ago.
He used to work in the town, where many news buildings are being built now. 注意:case, point, situatio n
做先行词时,表示地点
I know the reason why(for which) she was so angry.
相关链接:reason 做主语时,表语从句只能用that 引导且不能省略
The reason why he was to blame was that he had broken the valuable vase. 比较:。