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高级英语Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille

conflict/struggle:
•
people --- people
people --- nature
people --- society
people --- themselves
protagonist (hero) --- antagonist (enemy)
John Koshak, Jr.--- the hurricane
• apartment building in Mississippi before and after Camille
What’s the type of the text?
• narration (the telling of a story)
• characters (people): --Pop Koshak --Grandma Koshak --John Koshak --Janis Koshak --Seven children --Charles, a friend --neighbors --pets
What is the story about?
• It describes the heroic struggle of the Koshaks and their friends against the forces of a devastating hurricane Camille.
• What does the writer focus chiefly on---developing character, action (plot), or idea (theme)?
• To learn how the writer gives a vivid description of actions in terms of lexical, sentential and textual level;

新目标大学英语综合教程1课后习题答案

Unit 1 College LifeText ALanguage in Use4.1) overlooking 2) overwhelming 3) enroll 4) keen 5) blend6) inspiration 7) frequented 8) diversity 9) passion10) incredible5.1) The Sept. 4 game between the Seahawks and the Packers kicked off this year’s football season.2) A big part of a woman’s diet should consist of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, high-fiber foods, and oily fish.3) Eleanor Roosevelt, who was a shy young girl, was terrified at the thought of speaking in public.4) Senior citizens, military veterans and businessmen make up the group of people requesting for government information in the United States.5) The schedule will make you aware of how you spend your time.6.reach a decision (达成决定) shape one’s life (塑造生活)analyze a problem (分析问题) approvea decision (通过决定)improve one’s life (改善生活) solve a problem (解决问题)1) making 2) reach 3) changed 4) shape5) enjoy 6) solve 7) analyze 8) encounter7.1) dishonest 2) illegal 3) substandard 4) irregular 5) unlock 6) incorrect 7) outnumber 8) supermarket 9) Undergraduate 10) overestimate8.1) 学习小组合作学习对应对哈佛繁重的学习任务起着重要的作用。

一如既往一的意思

一如既往一的意思“一如既往”这个词里的“一”，意思是“完全”“始终”“一直”的意思呀。

就是说某种状态、行为或者情况从过去到现在一直保持着，没有发生改变，就像一条直线似的，直直地延续下来啦。

衍生注释：“一”在这里作为副词，起到了强调的作用，强调了那种从头到尾的连贯性和一致性。

它不是指单纯的数字一哦，而是带有一种始终如一、不间断的意味。

比如说“一如既往地努力”，就是说从始至终都保持着努力的状态，没有松懈过呢。

在很多类似的词语里，“一”都有这种表示持续、连贯的意思呢。

像“一以贯之”，也是说用一种思想、原则等贯穿始终呀，这个“一”同样是强调从头到尾不变的那个劲儿。

赏析：“一如既往”这个词因为有了这个“一”，才让整个词充满了一种坚定和执着的感觉呢。

它能很形象地表达出一个人或者一件事在时间的长河里，始终保持着某种特质或者做法，给人一种靠谱、稳定的印象。

就好比一棵大树，不管风吹雨打，始终“一如既往”地扎根在那里，稳稳当当的，让人看着就觉得安心呀。

这种始终如一的感觉，在生活中可是很珍贵的呢，无论是对待友情、爱情还是工作等方面，能做到一如既往，那可都是值得点赞的哟。

作者介绍：“一如既往”其实是个常用的成语啦，它并不是某一个特定作者单独创作出来的哦。

它是在咱们汉语的长期发展过程中，经过人们不断地使用和沉淀，逐渐形成的一个固定的表达方式，用来准确地传达那种始终保持不变的意思呢。

以下是五个运用片段：例子1：我和我那好哥们儿的友情呀，那可真是一如既往地深厚呢。

从小学认识到现在，都多少年啦，我俩还是跟以前一样铁。

每次我有啥烦心事，第一个想到的就是找他倾诉。

就说上次我在工作上出了点岔子，心里别提多郁闷啦。

我给他打电话，他一听就说：“嘿，怕啥呀，兄弟我在呢！”然后就跑来陪我，给我出主意，就跟小时候我被欺负了他来帮我出头一样。

咱这感情，就像那老房子的地基，稳稳当当的，不管过了多久，都是一如既往的好呀，你说是不是很难得？例子2：我奶奶对我那可真是一如既往地疼爱呀。

1的数学符号

1的数学符号
在数学中，“1”通常可以用阿拉伯数字表示，也可以用罗马数字“Ⅰ”表示。

同时，在某些特定的数学领域或公式中，可能会用到其他的符号或表示方式，例如在概率论中可以用字母“p”表示概率等于1的情况。

因此，具体的数学符号还需要根据不同的数学领域和公式进行判断和选择。

在数学中，数字1它有多个释义，以下为其中几个常见的含义：
1. 在集合论中，1表示所有非空有限集合的个数，即第一可数序集的势。

2. 在数学逻辑中，1表示逻辑真值“真”，即所有命题的真实性。

3. 在代数中，1表示乘法单位元，任何数乘以1都等于其本身。

4. 在几何学中，1表示长度、距离等度量单位的基准值。

5. 在概率论中，1表示必然事件发生的概率，即概率为1的事件。

需要注意的是，具体的数学符号还需要根据不同的数学领域和公式进行判断和选择。

因此，对于数字1的数学符号，需要结合具体上下文来理解其含义。

新起点大学英语Unit1-Text A

这份工作非常复杂，我们可以从图纸开始。
Exercises
汉译英：今晚的作业我打算先做英语练习。
Key: Of all the homework tonight, I’m going to start with English exercises.
Reading
BACK
… if you read a daily newspaper in any major city, you’ve read the equivalent of at least four books… 如果你每天看随便哪个大城市的一份日报，那么你每天的阅读量至少相当于四本书。
Reading
BACK
译文
Para. 4
4 你是怎么看报纸的？你只看那些自己感兴趣的东西。你是怎么知道的？因为报纸有不同的版面，如果你对体育感兴趣，你只看体育版；如果你想了解商业信息，你只看商业版。即使这样，你也不会看所有的体育报道或商务文章。报纸的标题突出了文章的要点，这就方便了你的选择。另外，报纸的写作格式也使你很容易了解要点。在每一个标题下面，你通常都会看到综述要点的一段文字。这样，你便可以选择只读综述或通读全文。
Chinese
Reading
4 And how do you read a newspaper? You read only those things you are interested in. And how do you know? Because newspapers are divided into sections, you only read the sports pages if you’re
3 If you answered the first question no, and the second yes, think again, if you read a daily newspaper in any major city, you’ve read the equivalent of at least four books.

SCH英寸对照表(1)

表示英制管壁厚系列：Sch.20----全称：Schedule 20Sch.10s--带s的系列为不锈钢专用，碳钢不用。举个例子：2" sch.10s 表示2”接管的壁厚为2.9mm,材质为不锈钢；2" sch.40 表示2”接管的壁厚为4.0mm。顺便再说一下钢管壁厚的表示方法：钢管壁厚表示方法有管子表号、钢管壁厚尺寸和管子重量三种方法 1）是以管子表号"Sch"表示壁厚。管子表号是管子设计压力与设计温度下材料许用应力的比值乘以1000,并经圆整后的数值。即: Sch＝P/[σ]t×1000 ANSI B36.10壁厚等级：Sch10、Sch20、Sch30、 Sch40、Sch60、Sch80、个等级; ANSI B36.19壁厚等级：Sch5s、Sch10s、Sch40s、Sch80s四个等级; 2）以钢管壁厚尺寸表示中国、ISO、日本部分钢管标准采用 3）是以管子重量表示管壁厚度,它将管子壁厚分为三种： a.标准重量管,以STD表示 b加厚管，以XS表示 c.特厚管，以XXS表示。对于DN≤ 250mn的管子，Sch40相当于STD，DN<200mm的管子,Sch80相当于XS。
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE A B 15 1/2" 20 3/4" 25 1" 32 1.1/4" 40 1.1/2" 50 2" 65 2.1/2" 80 3" 90 3.1/2" 100 4" 125 5" 150 6" 200 8" 250 10" 300 12" 350 14" 400 16" 450 18" 500 20" 550 22" 600 24" 650 26" 700 28" 750 30" 800 32" 850 34" 900 36" 950 38" 1000 40" 1050 42" 1100 44" 1150 46" 1200 48"

一的教案幼儿园

一的教案幼儿园教学目标通过学习本课内容，幼儿应该能够：1.认识数字1；2.能够正确书写数字1；3.了解数字1的基本概念，如1只能用来表示一件事物等。

教学内容知识点1：认识数字1数字1是最基本的数字之一，它代表着具体的一种事物或数量。

在幼儿学习数字的过程中，数字1是最先学习的数字之一。

知识点2：正确书写数字1书写数字1的基本方法是：1.先画一条竖线；2.然后在竖线的上方横着画一条线，这条线可以稍微短一点；3.如果需要书写大写字母“一”，可以在竖线的上面再横着加一条相同长度的线。

知识点3：了解数字1的基本概念数字1只能用来表示一个事物或数量，不能用来表示多个事物或数量。

例如，“我有1个苹果”就是正确的说法，“我有1个苹果S”则是错误的说法。

教学方法方法1：游戏教学法设计一些简单的游戏帮助幼儿们学习数字1的概念。

比如，在幼儿园内摆放一些相同的物品，让幼儿选出只有1个的物品，并用数字1标记。

方法2：互动教学法老师在黑板上写下一些数字1相关的问题，让幼儿们一起思考并回答。

可以让更有自信的幼儿上前回答问题，让整个教学过程更加生动活泼。

方法3：故事教学法编写一些有趣的故事，让故事中的主人公使用数字1。

例如，“小红去菜市场买了1个苹果，1个橘子和1个香蕉，她很开心地回家了”。

教学效果评价通过幼儿们在教学过程中的表现和课后测试的结果来对教学效果进行评价。

例如，通过测试了解幼儿对数字1的认识程度和能否正确书写数字1等。

总结数字是孩子们生活中必须学习的内容，掌握数字1对孩子们的数字学习起到了重要的开端作用，也是幼儿们日后数字计算学习的基础。

因此，以互动教学法为主，创造出生动有趣的教学场景，让幼儿把数字学习看成是一种游戏，既能让幼儿学习数字知识，又能培养幼儿们的自信心和学习兴趣。

1班押韵口号

《1班押韵口号》其一，一班一班，活力满满，知识赛场，如虎下山。

就像运动健儿在赛场上全力冲刺，咱一班在知识的赛道上也毫不畏惧，每次考试都能像勇士攻克堡垒般，拿下难题，取得佳绩，难道咱会输给别人？其二，一班众将，气势高昂，团结如钢，光芒万丈。

记得那次拔河比赛，大家齐心协力，手臂上青筋暴起，如同坚固的链条，把对手一点点拉过来，这团结的力量，谁能阻挡？其三，一班同窗，志在翱翔，学习之洋，扬帆起航。

如同勇敢的航海者面对浩瀚大海，咱一班面对学习的海洋，拿起书本做船桨，划向那成功的远方，怎会在半路迷失方向？其四，一班伙伴，心手相牵，困难当前，勇往直前。

有同学摔倒受伤，大家纷纷伸出援手，没有丝毫犹豫，就像一群守护彼此的天使，这样的一班，啥困难能难倒咱？其五，一班儿郎，才情飞扬，文艺殿堂，闪耀华光。

上次文艺汇演，唱歌跳舞朗诵样样行，那歌声似百灵鸟婉转，舞姿像蝴蝶翩跹，舞台上的咱是不是超棒？其六，一班学子，毅力似石，学业之崎，稳步登陟。

不管是背单词还是做习题，都像登山者攀爬高峰，一步一个脚印，从不放弃，这种毅力，是不是很牛？其七，一班团队，智慧荟萃，思维之汇，灵感迸飞。

课堂讨论时，大家你一言我一语，各种新奇想法碰撞，如同烟花绽放，这样的智慧火花，能不绚烂？其八，一班挚友，欢乐长守，校园里头，笑声长有。

课间休息，教室里充满欢声笑语，大家分享趣事，那笑声能把屋顶掀翻，这样的快乐时光，谁不羡慕？其九，一班群星，璀璨亮晶晶，梦想之境，携手同行。

每个人都有自己的梦想，像星星在夜空闪烁，大家相互鼓励，一起向梦想进发，咱能不实现梦想吗？其十，一班骄子，青春如诗，成长之枝，结满果实。

在这美好的青春岁月，一班同学努力成长，就像果树在春天开花夏天结果，收获的季节，咱肯定能满载而归。

一班的口号，喊出的是咱的士气，展现的是咱的风采，凝聚的是咱的力量，这力量能让一班在任何时候都勇往直前，创造属于自己的辉煌。

高一英语外研版必修一Unit 1 A New Start

Application
Lisa is a .... She told us some important high school hints. First, ... Besides, ... What's more, ... At last, ... What I have learned from her is that ...
Her attitude matters!
Application
Read the text again and retell what Lisa has shared in the interview following the outline below. 1. Introduce who Lisa is. 2. Summarize her suggestions. 3. Tell what you can learn from her.
take a trip with your classmates read as many books as possible
win an award
get to know all the schoolmates in
stand on stage at least once your grade
Presentation
Suppose you are Chairman of the Student Union. Please give a
speech to the new students on their first day at high school. 2. Organise your speech following the steps below. Talk about the problems and give your advice. Tips: You may face many problems in senior high. Firstly,...Secondly,... To solve the problems, I have some suggestions for you. To begin with,...Besides,...

1+1等于几脑筋急转弯的答案是什么

1+1等于几脑筋急转弯的答案是什么脑筋急转弯是一种人为创作的以问答形式出现的极具娱乐性的语言游戏,以其幽默的表现方式,受到大众的广泛欢迎。

1+1等于几脑筋急转弯答案是什么呢？下面店铺整理的超级有趣脑筋急转弯，希望对大家喜欢。

脑筋急转弯： 1+1等于几脑筋急转弯答案：1+1=田(两边的竖、加号十、还有等于号和起来是田)1+1=王(两个一和加号一起加起来是王)1+1=无(一个，又夹走了一个，没了)1+1=丰/卅(中间的加号边长，竖着看是卅，旋转90度就是丰) 超级有趣脑筋急转弯【经典篇】1.女人最不喜欢什么花?——答:没钱花2.小明把自己关在漆黑的房间里，不厌其烦的晾晒自己心爱的宝贝，问小明在干吗?——答:晾晒自己心爱的宝贝3.谁最不喜欢书?——答:赌徒4.什么东西最能让人满足?——答:袜子5.为什么男人总骂女人是祸水最后还是娶女人?——答:没听说过因祸得福么6.什么时候一加五等于十?——答:算盘运算的时候7.什么东西越用越有钱?——答:存钱罐8.世界上谁的头力气最大?——答:男子汉9.神的交通工具是什么?——答:宝贝10.明明一天没有吃东西，为什么我不觉得饿呢?——答:因为我不是“明明”11.什么动物天天熬夜?——答:熊猫12.有一只猪它走啊走啊走到了英国结果它变成了什么?——答:pig13.减肥绝招 (打一神话人物)——答:嫦娥14.传说中第一个嗑药嗑得飘飘欲仙被监禁的人是谁?——答:嫦娥15.为什么结婚之后的生活像潜水?——答:结婚后要忍气吞声了16.那种生活方式容易致癌?——答:宅17.有一艘船限载50人，已载49人，后来又有一孕妇上船，结果船仍沉入了水中，为什么?——答:是艘潜水艇18.一间牢房中关着两个犯人，其中一个因偷窃要关一年，另一个是抢劫杀人犯，却只关两个月，为什么?——答:再过两个月杀人犯就要被枪决了19.一般来说，你是用左手写字还是用右手写字?——答:一般来说是用笔来写字的20.什么东西生的可以吃，熟的可以吃，用刀切不开，洗过之后就没人吃?——答:水!!超级有趣脑筋急转弯【精选篇】1.脸上长什么无药可救?——答:胡子2.小明喜欢运动，有一天他在摄氏38高温大太阳下做很激烈的运动，为什么也居然不会流汗?——答:他在水里游泳3.最多人看不清楚的花是甚麽花呢?——答:眼花4.一个夜黑风高的夜晚，小明遇见一个鬼，为什么那个鬼落荒而逃?——答:因为那是个胆小鬼5.什么东西明明是你的，别人却用的比你多得多?——答:名字6.小明有很厉害的胃病，可他每天总往牙科跑，这是为什么?——答:小明是牙科医生7.一只皮球和一只铁球从高楼上掉下来，谁先落地?——答:铁球8.一只狗总也不洗澡，为什么不生虱子?——答:狗只会生小狗9.后脑勺受伤的人怎样睡觉?——答:闭着眼睛睡觉10.小明在大雨倾盆的旷野中奔跑了十分钟，为什么衣服湿了头发却没湿?——答:小明是个秃头的男人11.世界上有那一种花通常夏天是冰冷的，冬天是温热的?——答:豆腐花12.红螃蟹好吃还是黑螃蟹好吃?——答:红螃蟹，因为黑螃蟹没熟超级有趣脑筋急转弯【精简篇】1. 当今社会，个体户大都靠什么吃饭?【答案：靠嘴巴】2. 纸上写着某一份命令。

商务英语综合教程1课后翻译

Unit one2. (1)Fiat launched a tiny “city car” especially for Europe’s narrow, crowed streets.(2) The rain forest theme products tap into consumer’s interest in the environment.(3) The company might target its efforts on preferred locations like India or Thailand(4) A strong president would further erode the power of the Congress.(5) Most of the measures will be phased out next year.(6) Government securities have traditionally yielded less than stocks.3.(1) on December 8th,2009, president Barack Obama launched a set of proposals to address unemployment and made it clear that he wanted to tap into some of the unspent funds( money set aside to support filing banks) to help pay for them. No precise figure was given. Some 50$ billion will be spent on infrastructure projects. But the effort represents a broad push to support small business.(2) America’s recent recession has hit small business hard. The very small, with fewer than 50 workers---employing almost one-third of working Americans ---have suffered around 45% of the job losses of the downturn.(3) Unfortunately, helping small business has not proved easy. The stimulus package passed last spring offered tax benefits and targeted the flow of credit to small business. The results were disappointing. The main problem with small business is lending. Obama’s recent plan is likely to scratch the surface if he does not tackle credit crunch.Unit two2. (1) Death does not discriminate. It eventually comes to everyone, making no exception for those more or less fortune, or those with good or bad fame.(2) T he 2008 presidential election of American is under the world’s spotlight because of the participation of female and African American candidates for the first time. Though the final outcome is still hard to anticipate, the election itself is changing not only the way American perceive themselves, but also how the rest of the world perceives America.(3) No matter what background or experience he may have, nobody should recoil from pursuing his own dream. Because we are convinced that freedom, equity and the pursuit of happiness are our rights.(4) More and more Chinese brands aspire to go global. This clearly conveys a message: the quality, design and management expertise of Chinese brands are constantly improving.3. V ariety is the spice of life. So, since a man shaves about 20,000 times in a lifetime, the desire for adventure may be the only thing that can drive away boredom. Instead of growing a “glamorous”beard, current styles leave a lot of room for hair experiments. The classic facial hair fashion is designer stubble or “three-day-growth”. The skin can still be seen under the short stubble, lending a manly appearance with relatively little care and expense. The key is to look grooming, not scruffy. However, it does not always make a good impression if you are in daily contact with customers. In contrast, the somewhat more conventional beard style can always win points.Unit three3. (1) Our car wound its way through the mountain. Beautiful scenery was everywhere to be seen on the road; we couldn’t help but be impressed.(2) After elaborate arrangements, Beijing Olympic opening ceremony unfolded s visual banquet to the world.(3) The annual environment conservation campaigns aim to restore the delicate balance between man and nature.(4) The article gives us a real sight into the cause of present food crisis.(5) The moment Wenchuan earthquake was reported, the Red Cross was flooded with calls about donations.(6) The ancient architectures and the modern ones complement each other, adding a special charm to the city.4. The middle class increasingly forgoes bicycles--- the environmentally friendly and energy efficient transport--- in favor of the car. Some four million bikes now compete for road space with more than two million cars. A quick glance at the newly constructed overpasses and ring road has clearly shows which means of transport has been getting priority. Fewer and fewer people are riding bikes because of the inconvenience and the increased dangers that cars bring to the road. However, the improvement in the state economy, the traffic situation and city management does not mean that we should say a final and complete farewell to the bicycle. Some people will still choose this non-polluting, small and green transport tool.Unit four3. (1) “These days I often recall the tough times before, thus I can be cool-headed inthe face of success,” said the founder and CEO of the company.(2)The primary issue in the current situation is to keep the prices steady; otherwise if the market panics, the consequence is beyond imagination.(3) To launch this service in the region will pay off in the long run, though the initial investment is big.(4) To make maximal profits with minimal cost has long been the objective for some companies. Now environment factors make them to rethink about it.(5) The public want to see issues like narrowing the gap between rich and poor and tackling urban housing problems prioritized by the government.(6) Home work burdens greatly restrict children’s opportunities for playing, and do harm to their development.(7) Sex set Hillary apart from all the other candidates for presidency and won her support of many female voters.4. The boom in consumer spending, now in its 12th year, has weathered many shocks that have hit the Us economy, including terrorist attacks, the 2001 recession, and a series of corporate scandals. Resilient household demand has not only sustained domestic growth but has also played a key role in supporting the global economy. Some observers, however, have viewed the surge in consumer spending with apprehension. The personal saving rate has fallen to historic lows, and consumer debt levels have risen. This has led to concern that the rise in private consumption may not be sustainable and that a subsequent weakening could throw the recovery off track. So are US consumers living beyond their means?Unit five2. (1) his speech instilled enthusiasm and confidence into the audience.(2) Intent on her work, Helen ignored the noise outside the room and did not turn to see who was coming in(3) He contended that the main issue was not being addressed.(4) Intimidated, the witness kept his mouth shut for seven years. But now he feels he could no longer turn his eyes away from facts.(5) Mother Theresa remained a woman of great humanity despite all the attention and praise for her work.(6) I wouldn’t underestimate the obstacle if I were you---the situation is more frustrating than you think.3. The Chinese want to do business with individuals---not companies--- socultivating friendships is crucial. Rather than cutting to the chase, the Chinese prefer a courtship filled with get-to-know-you banter and big banquets full of mysterious delicacies. Thus, like other Americans, Deane had to rein in his “get the deal done and move on to the next one” philosophy. And nearly every time he visits his manufacturers in Foshan, they insist on taking him on long drives in the countryside, often recovering ground he’s admired on previous trips. “they want to spend time with you,”Deane explains. “they want to get to know you”.Saxon also says that the Chinese take a long-term view and aren’t risk-takers. The society is less individualistic than America’s, So the Chinese aren’t big on confrontation. He highlights the Chinese belief in the “middle way”, a form of compromise, which means they may insist on working out an agreement rather than taking no for an answer. For an American, this translated into fostering respect, including stifling open criticism.Unit six2(1) Today’s society is full of theories which claim to be authoritative but turn out to be self-contradictory. Instead of being repeatedly tempted to believing them, I would rather keep a sober mind, think independently, and then make my own judgment. (2) Because of his profound insight into the shock of cultural diversity on human mind, he was nominated as candidate for this year’s Nobel Prize for Literature. No matter he is going to win the prize or not, he is already held in high esteem in his home country, and meanwhile plays an important role in the protection of intangible cultural heritage around the world.(3) After long time research, economists discovered that the financial institutes in this country bear a strong relationship with the government. The latter turns out to be the biggest buyer of the country’s financial products.(4) Courtesy is the essence of Chinese food culture. It is estimated that Chinese spend twice or more time on a formal dinner than Europeans.3. One of the greatest things about travelling around the world is all of the wonderful food you get to try. Watch yourself when you start to reach for that food, though, or you just might offend someone. When it comes to table manners, what works in one country doesn’t always go over in another.The United States has its own special dining customs that visitors should know about before sitting down to a meal. For example, when food starts to arrive, you can’t just dig in. it’s considered rude to start eating before everyone at the table hasreceived his or her meal.Once you start to chew down, it’s important to remember to keep yo ur elbows off the table and keep your mouth closed as you chew. One last tip for American dining is never to pick up you bowl or plate as you eat. This is considered rude beyond all belief.If you think Americans are picky about the table manners, think about Taiwan’s (china) customs. The list of rules is equally long. Y ou cannot stick chopsticks upright in your bowl of rice. Furthermore, you should never gesture with your chopsticks. For some visitors, using chopsticks is challenging enough without the rules of what you can and can’t do with themUnit 72.(1)it’s five years since she was lost but she still haunts his dr eams(2).Science empowers man to control natural forces more effectively .(3).Those students implicated in the cheating have been severely punished.(4).The environment is different between the university and the middle school, but the freshmen have adapted themselves to new conditions very soon.(5).The more he thought about it, the more confused he became.3. Recent study shows that the number of courses on ethics in the top 50 business schools have quintupled in the past 20 years . However, only half of these schools take ethic education as one of the requirements for graduation.The incident of group cheating at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business in the US has aroused intense concern among students. Those who were expelled in this case all come from Asia. They have been in the US for less than a year and have little knowledge about the honor code of universities or the judicial procedures in the US. These Asian students admitted the fault but did not lodge a protest, which is also attributed to their cultural backgrounds. According to the experts, foreign students have different opinions in defining cooperation on the university campuses in the US. The universities have a special obligation to those students. The ethic education in the business schools used to emphasize “no lying”, “no cheating” and “no stealing”. The concept of ethics is changing with the actual situation in the business world. Business ethics do only have a bearing on personal decision making, but also extend to the social, economic and environmental responsibilities of the enterprises, with the “sustainable” development as the main concern.Unit 82. (1) there is no alternative: the president must approve the bill if Congress passes it.(2) The Amish have long been renowned for making ordinary soil magically productive.(3) In fact, the reason why manufacturing powers subsidize their enterprises on energy price is that energy price is a complex political and social issue.(4) 110-year-old Peking University is constantly reviewing its course structures to cater to the ever-changing student roll.(5) About 200 visiting students from china’s quake-hit Sichuan Province wound up their vacation in Russia and set out home.(6) Carbohydrates are abundant in starchy foods, and are converted in the body into glycogen, which is then stored in the muscles and liver.(7) People that illegally obtain personal information also incur criminal penalties, under the draft submitted yesterday to Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress.(8) Governments at all levels must encourage the use of energy-saving technology and facilities by offering policy incentives such as an exemption of taxes.3. But by the spring of 2008, the financial world seemed to be coming undone, unemployment was rising, and among the fashionistas, cheap was the new black. Consumer prices in the US fell at a breathtaking annual rate of nearly 13% in the last three months of 2008. Prices plummeted for all sorts of goods, ranging from clothing to TVs to furniture, as retailers advertised sale after sale. But deflation missed big chunks of the economy. For all of 2008, college tuition and fees increased by 5.8%, followed closely by price increases for hospitals and legal services. Finance is one service sector where prices are falling, in part because banks lent so heavily in housing. For economics, overcapacity is a tricky concept. Human wants are unlimited, so how could the world ever produce too much of a good thing? The key is what people can pay: in many good sectors, prices still aren’t low enough to bring forth enough buyers. There will have to be some combination of falling prices and destruction of productive capacity before supply and demand come back into balance.。

新视野大学英语第三版1课文1-6中英文对照

Unit1Toward a brighter future for all奔向更加光明的未来1Good afternoon! As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible.1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。

你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。

在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。

2 In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. "Pose naturally," Mom instructed us. "Wait!" said Dad, "Let's take a picture of me handing him an alarm clock." The clock woke me up every morning in college. It is still on my office desk.2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。

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荆州市集美热电有限责任公司荆州市生活垃圾焚烧发电安装工程锅炉水压试验方案编制：审核：审定：批准：浙江省工业设备安装集团有限公司荆州市生活垃圾焚烧发电项目经理部2010年07月26日目录一、水压试验的目的及编制依据二、水压试验前的准备工作三、水压试验的组织安排四、水压试验用水和试验参数五、水压试验所应具备的条件六、水压试验的范围七、水压试验的程序和要求八、锅炉水压试验的合格标准九、水压试验安全、文明施工十、水压试验组织机构图、升压曲线、系统图详见附图荆州垃圾发电安装工程1#锅炉安装TG-48.5/3.82-LJ-500锅炉由南通锅炉集团有限公司生产的异重循环流化床型锅炉，其锅筒的工作压力为4.3MPa。

目前1#锅炉安装即将临近水压试验程序，为更好地执行劳动部门、电力部门对电站锅炉的验收要求，确保 1＃锅炉在此后的运行当中安全可靠，特编制1＃锅炉的水压试验方案。

一、水压试验的目的及编制依据1）.目的：锅炉水压试验是在受热面管道、本体管道等受压部件安装完毕，锅炉炉墙砌筑前进行水压试验检查，用以最终检查锅炉受压部件的制造、安装、焊接、母材材质或受压管道的残余变形情况，受压部件的密封口（人孔、手孔）密封效果等是否达到设计或规范标准，通过水压试验发现不合格，以便采取有效的补救措施，以确保锅炉的安装质量。

2）.编制依据：1．根据锅炉厂提供的图纸以及锅炉安装说明书等随机技术文档资料。

2．国家劳动人事部颁发的《蒸汽锅炉安全技术监察规程》(96)276号规定。

3．《电力建设施工及验收技术规范》DL/T5210.2－2009 （锅炉机组篇）二、水压试验前的准备工作为能使此次锅炉水压试验顺利进行，水压试验前必须做好对以下几个方面的工作：1、密封人孔及各联箱手孔前，必须检查锅筒和集箱内有无安装留下的工具和杂物，确认无遗物后，方可密封人孔、手孔、密封口等要求严密无泄漏。

2、汽水管道、临时管道法兰、阀门连接应处于完整良好的状态。

（阀门开关必须灵活，螺栓紧固无松动）3、清理现场及各操作平台，将与水压试验无关的物品全部清理，挂好安全警示标志。

4、检查所有的焊口的外观质量，清除所有焊口上的表面药皮，组对时所有的点焊的疤应用磨光机打磨至母材齐平。

5、对安全阀上的法兰接口处加盲板隔离，以确保安全阀不参与水压试验，盲板安装应严密。

（见盲板计算）6、安装好水压试验所需的临时给水管道，放空点设置于锅炉最高点，即锅筒及连接管的最上部，并接出锅炉外，以免放空溢水影响检查，上水时打开放空阀以便排出锅炉内的空气，使水能注满锅炉，给水管接至混合集箱，作为锅炉上水通道，在上水管路上连接试压泵。

7、水压试验所使用的压力表均应是校验合格（在有效期内、量程符合要求）的产品。

8、准备好水压试验用的对讲机和照明工具，警示标志，做好安全栏以确保人身安全，进入试压现场人员必须带好安全帽。

9、平台应有层高标识。

三、水压试验的组织工作安排1、锅炉水压试验应邀请湖北省和荆州市技术监督管理局锅炉处有关部门领导和专家到现场监督指导。

2、水压试验由施工单位主持指挥，水压试验前应调度安排好操作人员，并合理配置相关的设备，建设单位会同监理单位应邀到场的各位专家对水压试验的全过程进行监督、检查。

3、水压试验的人员分布情况如下：（1）炉顶4个人，其中一个负责开关放空阀，另一个人看锅筒压力表，并负责准确报出压力表的读数且及时通知试压泵控制人员，通话工具采用对讲机，其余二人负责上部检查。

（2）锅炉零米层安排二人，负责开、关试压进水阀，控制好试压的升压速度。

（3）锅炉下部安排二人，负责锅炉水压试验排水工作，并负责检查锅炉下部的泄漏点。

（4）开、关试压泵安排二人，一人开、关试压泵、另一人负责控制试压泵的电源。

（5）现场安全及秩序维持安排三个人，由专职安全员负责。

（6）负责水压试验除盐水供水操作人员一人，上述人员均有安装单位排出。

（详见附件（1）－组织机构图）（7）水压试验的检查人员由锅检所、监理、业主、施工单位分头委派，人员另定，检查人员在工作压力下应检查要点，检验是否符合验收要求规定，对发现的缺陷和异常现象，应及时做好标记和记录。

四、水压试验用水和试验参数根据南通锅炉厂制造生产的TG-48.5/3.82-LJ-500的异重循环流化床型锅炉的设计使用说明书，该锅炉汽水系统水压试验的总容量约为60m3（即60吨除盐水），锅筒的工作压力为4.3Mpa，即系统试验压力为P=1.25×4.3＝5.38MPa、水压试验压力读数以锅筒上的压力表读数为准。

五、水压试验所应具备的条件锅炉的水压试验除做好前面所述的准备工作要求以外，还应具备以下条件：1、整理好水压试验前的资料，包括锅炉制造厂出厂的锅炉质量证明书和技术资料，安装前对出厂产品按规范要求进行的复查记录及报告，该锅炉安装的施工方案、焊接施工方案、焊接作业指导书、焊工合格证复印件、焊接工程一栏表及安装记录和有关材料质保书，自觉接受有关监督人员的检查。

2、根据规范要求，水压试验的环境温度应达到5℃以上，水压试验选用除盐水为试验用水。

首先将除盐水灌入自制临时水箱或者疏水箱内（容积20m3），做好锅炉进水的临时管路，用增压水泵往锅炉里进水。

水压试验后的排水顺着排水管道排到厂房外的排水沟处。

3、水压试验的设备必须完好，并能满足使用要求。

4、所有的焊口施焊要求结束，经外观检查，无损检测抽检合格后方可进行水压试验。

5、焊在受热面管子或承压部件上的膨胀指示器、钉钩、附件等应施焊结束，清除焊渣，外观检查合格。

6、水压试验用临时管道及机械设施安装调试完毕，临时储水设备和管道冲洗干净后方可与正式设备或管道连接。

7、水压试验范围内的设备、构件及管道上的承压焊缝及其它应检查的部位不准保温，油漆。

8、水压试验用表应齐全，至少要有两块压力表，并经校验合格，有合格证且在有效期内。

精度和量程符合规程要求。

9、水压试验必须使用的通道、楼梯、平台、栏杆、临时脚手架、通讯设施及临时照明装设完毕。

地面、道路清理干净、无杂物堆积，通行无阻。

10、附属材料见下表：六、水压试验的范围1、锅炉本体范围内排污管、疏水管、加药管、紧急放水管、连排管的一次阀前，集汽联箱电动阀前，取样管临时封堵，临时上水管的一次阀前，放空气管前一次阀。

2、水压试验的范围详见附件（2）－系统图。

七、水压试验程序和要求1、先把除盐水通过给水管道送入锅炉本体内，在上水的过程中不仅要注意水温，还应随时检查锅炉内是否有残余空气，以放空管不冒气泡作为锅炉内水注满的判别依据，此时应立即关闭放空阀，通过试压泵将锅炉内水压升至0.4MPa时停泵，关阀，进行全面检查，紧固螺栓，做好记录，锅炉初期升压速度应控制在0.3MPa/min2、压力达到0.4MPa时，对锅筒人孔，各集箱手孔，法兰连接面、阀门接口，焊口，承压部件进行仔细的全面检查，在升压过程中，严禁在受压元件上敲打。

若无渗漏现象，则继续升压至4.3MPa工作压力（由试压泵升压），在此压力以后的升压速度控制在0.2MPa/ min。

3、当锅筒上方的压力表读数为4.3MPa时停止升压，关闭试压泵及泵的出口阀，对锅炉进行全面的检查，若锅炉受热面压力管道无泄漏等异常现象出现，就要做好超压试验准备工作。

4、经检查符合超压试验条件后，决定进行超压试验时，所有检查人员应停止检查工作，撤离到安全位置上进行观察，在锅炉上部留有关人员看表，以控制并记录超压试验的压力值。

5、当锅炉水压试验压力升至5.38MPa时，应立即停泵关阀并记录超压时间，保压20分钟。

6、记录保压时间后通过放空管将压力缓慢降到锅筒的工作压力4.3MPa时，方可再次对锅炉的制造、安装质量进行全面检查。

7、对锅炉进行全面检查之后，先打开锅炉上集箱放空的阀门，缓慢泄压，泄压速度控制在0.3M Pa/min，通过锅炉的排污阀将锅炉内试压用水放至水车，运到附近造纸厂排污池集中处理。

八、锅炉水压试验的合格标准1、在受压元件金属壁上和焊缝上没有水珠和水雾。

2、水压试验后，没有发现残变形。

九、水压试验安全、文明施工1、水压试验临时封头应经强度计算，封头不得采用内插式。

2、试压泵周围应设置围栏，划分好水压试验的区域，非工作人员不得入内。

3、进水时，管理空气门及给水门的人员不得擅自离开岗位。

4、升压前，施工负责人必须进行全面检查，待所有人员全部离开后方可升压。

5、水压试验时，人员不得站在焊缝处、封头的对面或法兰盘的侧面。

6、在升压过程中，应停止试验系统的一切工作。

7、超压试验时不得进行任何检查工作，应待压力降至工作压力以下方可进行。

8、进入水压试验后的金属容器前，应检查空气门，确认无负压后方可打开人孔门。

十、水压试验组织机构图、升压曲线、系统图详见附件3盲板计算：1. 计算最小需要的壁厚S min=K×D N×（P÷[σ]）1/2 mm 。

2. [σ]为基本许用应力 [σ]＝η[σ]。

j3. η许用应力修正系数取1.05。

4. [σ]j ≤a b÷n b a b取20＃钢在20℃时的抗拉强度为392MPa。

5. 安全系数n b为2.76. K系数为水压试验时的安全系数取0.4。

7.盲板的直径分别是锅筒上的安全阀及集汽集箱上的安全阀，直径为80mm。

8.水压试验压力为5.38MPa。

9.计算D N＝80mm时，S min=0.4×80×（5.38×2.7÷1.05÷392）1/2 =6.01mm 故锅筒的安全阀和集汽集箱安全阀盲板厚度取10mm。

附件（1）锅炉水压试验组织机构图说明：1、质量监督组由技术监督局、锅检所、建设单位质检部门、安装监理、制造厂家有关人员组成。

2、安全监督组由安装单位及项目安全员组成。

附件（2）系统图附件（3）荆州市生活垃圾焚烧发电项目建设设备安装工程锅炉水压试验方案1 浙江省工业设备安装集团有限公司第四分公司 10 20 40 60 80 100 120 1404.3MPa。