和陶瓷有关的英文表达词义辨析

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ceramic

1. N-MASS 陶瓷 Ceramic is clay that has been heated to a very high temperature so that it becomes

hard.

...ceramic tiles 瓷砖

...items made from hand-painted ceramic 手绘瓷砖制品

2. N-COUNT 陶瓷装饰品;陶瓷制品 Ceramics are ceramic ornaments or objects.

...a collection of Chinese ceramics 一批中国陶瓷

3. N-UNCOUNT 制陶术 Ceramics is the art of making artistic objects out of clay.

china

1. N-UNCOUNT See also: bone china; 瓷;瓷料 China is a hard white substance made from clay. It

is used to make things such as cups, bowls, plates, and ornaments.

...a small boat made of china 瓷制小船

...china cups 瓷杯

2. N-UNCOUNT 瓷器;瓷制品 Cups, bowls, plates, and ornaments made of china are referred to

as china

Judy collects blue and white china.

朱迪收集青花瓷。

porcelain

1. N-UNCOUNT 瓷 Porcelain is a hard, shiny substance made by heating clay. It is used to make

delicate cups, plates, and ornaments.

There were lilies everywhere in tall white porcelain vases.

高高的白色瓷瓶上绘满了百合花。

2. N-VAR 瓷器 A porcelain is an ornament that is made of porcelain. You can refer to a number of

such ornaments as porcelain .

∙...decorative 17th and 18th century porcelains.

17和18世纪装饰用的瓷器

∙...a priceless collection of English porcelain.

一批价值连城的英国瓷器藏品

pottery

1. N-UNCOUNT 陶器;陶瓷器皿 You can use pottery to refer to pots, dishes, and other objects which are made from clay and then baked in an oven until they are hard.

2. N-UNCOUNT 陶土;黏土 You can use pottery to refer to the hard clay that some pots, dishes, and other objects are made of.

Some bowls were made of pottery and wood.

一些碗是用陶土和木头制成的。

3. N-UNCOUNT 制陶手艺;陶艺;陶瓷制造 Pottery is the craft or activity of making objects out

of clay.

4. N-COUNT 陶器工厂;陶器作坊;陶窑 A pottery is a factory or other place where pottery is

made.

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有关陶瓷的英文表达

Khubilai 2010/11/21

英语中有许多词对应汉语的‘陶瓷’,如果不清楚其准确含义,很难正确使用。下面一一加以说明。

pottery指陶瓷器皿,是总称。还可以指陶瓷作坊或陶瓷原材料。包括陶器(earthenware)、缸器/炻器(stoneware)和瓷器(porcelain)。它指用陶轮(potter’s wheel)制作的容器类(vessel),而不包括其它形式的同材质艺术品等。它通过陶瓷坯(clay body)在窑(kiln)中烧造(firing)制成。有的上釉(glaze),有的不上。

ceramic指无机(inorganic)非金属(non-metallic)的固体材料。Ceramics包括家用(domestic)、工业(industrial)、建筑(building)陶瓷材料以及艺术品(art object)。例如,瓦(roof tile)、砖(brick)、窑衬里(kiln lining)、白瓷(whiteware)、洁具(sanitary ware)、陶瓷(pottery product)、炉具喷嘴(gas burner nozzle)等。

porcelain指瓷器。也指陶瓷材料,在这个意义上类似ceramic。Bone china属于此类。

china指瓷器,和porcelain同义,非正式用语。

bone china指骨瓷,很薄,通常有透明感(transparent)。

stoneware指缸器,介于陶器和瓷器之间的一种陶瓷制品。和瓷器相比,更加不透明(opaque)。

earthenware指陶器,通常用于制作餐具(tableware)和装饰品(decorative object)。

有一定孔隙(porous),通常上釉以防水(watertight)。包括米色陶器(creamware)、代夫特瓷器(delftware)、釉陶(faience)、乐烧(Raku)、花饰陶器(majolica)和装饰陶(terracotta)。

terracotta指不用陶轮制作的人像(figurine)等器物,材质【甚至作者】和pottery相同。也写作terra cotta或terra-cotta。例如秦兵马俑。

raku也叫raku-yaki或rakuware。日本茶道(Japanese tea ceremony)用具,通常为茶碗(tea bowl)。通常手工制作,不用陶轮,具有独特性(one-of-a-kind)。

delftware是锡釉的(tin-glazed)earthenware。

majolica是铅釉的(lead-glazed)earthenware。

lithophane/lithopane指透雕陶瓷艺术品。

陶与瓷

人们总是把瓷与陶相提并论而称之为“陶瓷”,这种提法反映了陶和瓷都是火与土的艺术。由于陶器发明在前,瓷器发明在后,所以瓷器的发明,很多方面受到了陶器生产的影响。

如人们对火的性能的掌握和对粘土特点的充分认识等。但陶与瓷无论就物理性能,还是就化

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