介词加关系代词与关系副词

关系副词的用法
关系副词
When (=at/in/on/during 等介词+ which) Where (=in/at 等介词 +which) why (=for which)
指代 在从句中的成分 先行词
表时间
表地点 表原因
时间状语
地点状语 原因状语
关系副词-----when , where, why
No one wants the room the windows of which are broken.(“…的”，所属关 系) The old man has three sons, all of whom are doctors.(整体的一部分或全 部) Last Sunday I bought several books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.(整体的一部分或 全部)
when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：
• This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young. • My father was born in the place where (= in which) World War Ⅱ broke out.

reason 作先行词时关系词的使用
for which 先行词 the reason
why
that
I’m not clear about the reason for which he did it.
why
that
he did it
he did it.
下面我们学习一下关系副词 when\where\why的用法
(2)当point, situation, case, position, stage, condition等词作先行词表示“情况，境 地，场合”等抽象意思时，其后常由where引导定 语从句，where在句中作状语。如：
Comparing and discovering
The house which he lives in needs repairing.
The house in which he lives needs repairing.
The house where he lives needs repairing．
在介词之后不能用who that
×
The city
下面两句中的介词能提前吗? I saw the watch The old man better . which you are looking for ?
×
whom I am looking after is × 在短语动词中介词不能提前
▲注意:在介词+which/whom引导定 语从句结构中，有时在其前可加名词，代 词，数词等。如：
√
√ √
√ √ √
√ √ √ √
√ √ √ √
√
The Attributive Clause 2
--Relative Adverbs
Learning Aims
1. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 2.定语从句中关系副词的用法
介词+which/ whom引导的定语从句
1. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物), who/whom/that(指人)作从句 中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以 省略。 (whom/who/that) Dad is a person________________ I can easily talk to. Is this the play ___________ (which/that) you were talking about just now?
用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句。 1. I disagree with the facts ______ on which your argument is based. in which he was interested, 2. The song, ______ will never be heard again. for which he often 3. This is the reason ______ comes to school late.
was the young man’s honesty.
(2) 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。 I remember the day on which I joined the Party. I remember the days during which I lived there.
(3)根据定语从句的意义来决定 Wu Song was the man by whom the tiger was shot.
1.when 表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词 （如:time,day,year,week,month,morning,ev ening等）,在从句中作时间状语 when可换成“at/in/on/during等介词+关系代词”。
e.g. I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.
▲Pay
attention to this sentence: which/that/省略 I didn’t like the way____________ he told to me. （he told the way to me）
关系副词 ：
在定语从句中，当表示时间、 地点、原因的名词作先行词时， 且先行词在定语从句中作状语， 应用关系副词 when,where,why.
The day on which Mandela told me what to do and helped him was the happiest day for Jim
4. 关系副词的用法注意点
(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用 关系词that 或省略。如： This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.
with which 4. I want to find the very pen ______ I wrote that letter. of 5. They are the students ______ whom our teachers are thinking highly. 6. It is important to choose good friends with whom you can share your feelings ______ and thoughts. 7. It will not be necessary to name the person ______ whom the card belongs. to 8. I would always like to do business with those peopleon ________ / upon whom I can rely.
My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War Ⅱ broke out.
2. where 表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地 点的名词(如:place,room,house,hotel, school,city等)，在从句当中作地点状语。
The reason for which Jim was happy to help Mandela was helping others.
The reason why Jim was happy to help Mandela was helping others.
.
The day when Mandela told me what to do and helped him was the happiest day for Jim.
3. why 表示原因，常用在先行词reason 后,表示原因，在从句当中做原因状语， 相当于 for+which
There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished. Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.
on which she
spent $10?
5. This is the hero
of whom
we are proud.
6. There are three things ________ she is not sure
about which
5. 先行词是the way，意为“方式，方法”时，且 在从句中做方式状语时，引导定语从句的关系词 用that/ in which或省略。 （that/in which） I didn't like the way _______________ she talked to me.（she talked to me in the way） （that/in which） The way _________________he teaches English is interesting. (he teaches English in the way)
介词+关系代词引导定语从句情况1
The man
whom you spoke to was a scientist.
The city
which she lives in is far away.