会计学原理英文课件Chapter_10PLANT ASSETS, NATURAL RESOURCES, AND INTANGIBLES

会计学原理(双语)Chapter 10

10 - 10
P1
Depreciation折旧
Depreciation is the process of allocating the cost of a plant asset to expense in the accounting periods
benefiting from its use.
10 - 13
P1
Straight-Line Method
10 - 14
P1
Straight-Line Method
Balance Sheet Presentation
Machinery Less: accumulated depreciation
$ 10,000 3,600
$ 6,400
10 - 15
Balance Sheet
Acquisition Cost
(Unused)
Cost Allocation
Income Statement
Expense
(Used)
10 - 11
P1
Factors in Computing Depreciation
The calculation of depreciation requires three amounts for each asset:
1. Cost 2. Salvage Value残值 3. Useful Life使用年限
10 - 12
P1
Depreciation Methods
1. Straight-line直线法
2. Units-of-production产量单位法
3. Declining-balance余额递减法
Asset we will depreciate in future screens

会计学原理(英文)

《会计学原理（英文）》教学大纲王燕祥编写工商管理专业课程教学大纲610 目录Chapter 1 Accounting in Action 第一章会计实践活动 (613)学习目标 (613)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (613)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (613)Chapter 2 The Recording Process 第二章记录过程 (615)学习目标 (615)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (615)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (615)Chapter 3 Adjusting the Accounts 第三章调整账户 (617)学习目标 (617)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (617)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (617)Chapter 4 Completion of the Accounting Cycle 第四章完成会计循环 (619)学习目标 (619)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (619)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (619)Chapter 5 Accounting for Merchandising Operations 第五章商品经营活动的会计核算 (621)学习目标 (621)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (621)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (621)Chapter 6 Inventories 第六章存货 (623)学习目标 (623)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (624)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (624)Chapter 7 Accounting Information Systems 第七章会计信息系统 (626)学习目标 (626)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (626)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (626)Chapter 8 Internal Control and Cash 第八章内部控制和现金 (628)学习目标 (628)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (628)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (628)Chapter 9 Accounting for Receivables 第九章应收款项的会计核算 (630)学习目标 (630)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (630)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (630)Chapter 10 Plant Assets, Natural Resources, and Intangible Assets 第十章厂场资产、自然资源和无形资产 (632)会计学原理（英文）学习目标 (632)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (632)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (633)Chapter 11 Current Liabilities and Payroll Accounting 第十一章流动负债和工资的核算 (634)学习目标 (634)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (634)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (634)Chapter 12 Accounting Principles 第十二章会计原则 (636)学习目标 (636)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (636)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (636)Chapter 13 Accounting for Partnerships 第十三章合伙企业的会计核算 (638)学习目标 (638)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (638)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (638)Chapter 14 Corporations: Organization and Capital Stock Transactions 第十四章公司：组织和股本交易 (640)学习目标 (640)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (640)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (640)Chapter 15 Corporations: Dividends, Retained Earnings, and Income Reporting 第十五章股利、保留盈余和收益报告 (642)学习目标 (642)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (642)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (642)Chapter 16 Long-Term Liabilities 第十六章长期负债 (644)学习目标 (644)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (644)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (644)Chapter 17 Investments 第十七章投资 (646)学习目标 (646)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (646)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (646)Chapter 18 The Statement of Cash Flows 第十八章现金流量表 (648)学习目标 (648)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (648)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (648)Chapter 19 Financial Statement Analysis 第十九章财务报表分析 (650)学习目标 (650)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (650)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (650)Chapter 20 Managerial Accounting 第二十章管理会计 (652)611工商管理专业课程教学大纲612 学习目标 (652)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (652)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (652)Chapter 21 Job Order Cost Accounting 第二十一章分批成本法 (654)学习目标 (654)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (654)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (654)Chapter 22 Process Cost Accounting 第二十二章分步成本法 (656)学习目标 (656)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (656)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (657)Chapter 23 Cost-V olume-Profit Relationships 第二十三章本量利分析 (658)学习目标 (658)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (658)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (659)Chapter 24 Budgetary Planning 第二十四章编制预算 (660)学习目标 (660)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (660)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (660)Chapter 25 Budgetary Control and Responsibility Accounting 第二十五章预算控制和责任会计 662 学习目标 (662)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (662)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (662)Chapter 26 Performance Evaluation through Standard Costs 第二十六章利用标准成本进行业绩评价 (664)学习目标 (664)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (664)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (664)Chapter 27 Incremental Analysis and Capital Budgeting 第二十七章增量分析和资本预算 (666)学习目标 (666)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (667)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (667)会计学原理（英文）Chapter 1 Accounting in Action第一章会计实践活动STUDY OBJECTIVESAfter studying this chapter you should be able to:1．Explain what accounting is.2．IDENTIFY THE USERS AND USES OF ACCOUNTING.3．UNDERSTAND WHY ETHICS IS A FUNDAMENTAL BUSINESS CONCEPT.4．EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLESAND THE COST PRINCIPLE.5．EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF THE MONETARY UNIT ASSUMPTION AND THE ECONOMIC ENTITY ASSUMPTION.6．STATE THE BASIC ACCOUNTING EQUATION AND EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND OWNER’S EQUITY.7．ANALYZE THE EFFECT OF BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS ON THE BASIC ACCOUNTING EQUATION.8．Understand what the four financial statements are and how they are prepared.学习目标学完本章之后，学生应该能够达到以下目标：1．解释什么是会计。

会计英语

会计英语1－10课Text 1 Accounting and Its EnvironmentDevelop an accounting vocabulary for decision making. Accounting is a system for measuring, processing, and communicating financial information. As the “language of business,” accounting helps a wide range of decision makers. Accounting dates backs to ancient civilizations, but its importance to society has been greatest since the Industrial revolution.Apply accounting concepts and principles to analyze business transactions. The three basic forms of business organization are the proprietorship, the partnership, and the corporation. Whatever the form, accountants use the entity concept to keep the business’s records separate from the personal records of the people who run it. Accountants at all levels must be ethical to serve their intended purpose. Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) guide accountants in their work. Among these guidelines are the entity concept, the reliability principle, the cost principle, the going-concern concept, and the stablemonetary-unit concept.Use the accounting equation to describe an organization’s financial position. In its most common form, the accounting equation is Assets=Liabilities + Owner’s Equity.Use the accounting equation to analyze business transactions. Transactions affects a business’s assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity. Therefore, transactions are analyzed in terms of their effect on the accounting equation.Prepare the financial statements. The financial statements communicate information for decision making by the entity’s managers, owners, and creditors and by government agencies. The income statement presents a video of the entity’s operations in terms of revenues earned and expenses incurred during a specific period. Total revenues minus total expenses equal net income. Net income or net loss answers the question, How much income did the entity earn, or How much loss did it incur during the period? The statement of owner’s equity reports the changes in owner’s equity during the period. The balance sheet provides a photograph of the entity’s financial standing in terms of its assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity at a specific time. It answers the question, What is the entity’s financial position? The statement of cash flows reports the cash coming in and the cash going out during the period. It answers, Where did cash come from , and, Where did it go?Evaluate the performance of a business. High net income indicates success in business; net loss indicates a bad year.New wordsaccounting 会计学，结算measure 估量，衡量，计算process 初步分类，整理apply to 把···应用于transaction 交易principle 原理proprietorship 独资企业，所有权partnership 合伙关系，合伙企业corporation 公司，企业entity 实体，统一的，权益ethical 合乎道德的intended 预期的GAAP 普通会计原理guideline 方针，指南entity concept 主体概念reliability principal 可信性原则cost principal 成本原则going-concern concept 持续经营概念stable-money-unit concept 稳定货币单位的概念equation 等式owner’s equity 投资者权益financial statement 财政报表agency 机构income statement 损益报表video 说明revenues 总收入incurrent 遭受minus 减去balance sheet 资产负债表，决算表indicate 表明，暗示expenses 开支，消费Text 2 Recording Business TransactionDefine key accounting terms: account, ledger, debit, and credit. The account can be viewed in the form of the letter “T”. The left side of each T-account is its debit side. The right side is its credit side. The ledger, which contains a record for each account, groups and numbers accounts by category in the following order: assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity (and its subparts, revenues and expenses).Apply the rules of debit and credit. Assets and expenses are increased revenues are increased by credits. Liabilities, owner’s equity, and revenues are increased by credits and decreased by debits. The side—debit or credit—of the account in which increases are recorded is that account’s normal balance. Thus the normal balance of assets and expenses is a debit, and the normal balance of liabilities, owner’s equity, and revenues is a credit. The Withdrawals account, which decreases owner’s equity, normal has a debit balance. Revenues, which are increases in owner’s equity, have a normal credit balance. Expenses, which are decreases in owner’s equity, have a normal debit balance.Record transactions in the journal. The accountant begins the recording process by entering the transaction’s information in the journal, a chronological list of all the business’s transactions.Post from the journal to the ledger. The information is then posted-transferred-to the ledger accounts. Posting references are used to trace amounts back and forth between the journal and the ledger. Businesses list their account titles and numbers in a chart of accounts.Prepare a trial balance is a summary of all the account balance in the ledger. When double-entry accounting has been done correctly, the total credits in the trial balance are equal.Set up a chart of accounts for a business. The first step in accounting is to set up the chart of accounts.Analyze transactions without a journal. Decision makers must often make decisions without a complete accounting system. They can analyze the transactions without a journal.We can now trace the flow of accounting information through these steps:Business Transaction→ Source Documents → Journal Entry → Posting to Ledger → Trial Balance.New wordsledger 分类帐debit 记入借方的款项，借方assets 资产liabilities 债务subpart 分类chronological 按时间顺序的transfer 转移chart 图表accountant 会计Text 3 Measuring Business Income: the Adjusting ProcessDistinguish accrual basis accounting from cash-basis accounting. In accrual-basis accounting, business events are recorded as they affect the entity. In cash-basis accounting, only those events that affect cash are recorded. The cash basis omits important events such as purchases and sales of assets on account. It also distorts the financial statements by labeling as expenses those cash payments that have long-term effects, such as the purchases of buildings and equipment. Some small organizations, use cash-basis accounting, but the generally accepted method is the accrual basis.Apply the revenue and matching principles. Businesses divide time into definite periods--such as a month, a quarter, and a year--to report the entity's financial statements. The year is the basic accounting period, butcompanies prepare financial statements as often as they need the in- formation. Accountants have developed the revenue principle to determine when to record revenue and the amount of revenue to record. The matching principle guides the accounting for expenses.Make adjusting entries at the end of the accounting period. Adjusting entries are a result of the accrual basis of accounting. These entries, made at the end of the period, update the accounts for preparation of the financial statements. One of the most important pieces of business information is net income or net loss, and the adjusting entries help to measure the net income of the period. Adjusting entries can be divided into five categories: prepaid expenses, depreciation, accrued expenses, accrued revenues, and unearned revenues.Prepare an adjusted trial balance. To prepare the adjusted trial balance, enter the adjusting entries .next to the unadjusted trial balance and compute each account's balance.Prepare the financial statements from the adjusted trial balance .The adjusted trial balance can be used to prepare the financial statements. The there financial statements are related as follows: Income, shown on the income statement, increases the owner's capital, which also appears on the statement of owner' s equity. The ending balance of capital is the last amount reported on the balance sheet.New Wordsaccrual n. 自然增长,自然增长额accrual-basis accounting 权责发生制cash-basis accounting 现金收付制omit vt. 省略，删distort vt. 曲解label vt. 把……列为definite adj. 明确的,确切的accounting period 结算期revenue principle 收益原则matching principle 配比原则adjusting entries 调整分录update vt . 使现代化net income 纯收入prepaid expenses 待摊费用depreciation n.贬值accrued expense 应计费用accrued revenues 应计收入unaccrued revenues 未实现收入adjusted trial balance 经调整过的试算表unadjusted trial balance 未经调整过的试算表Text 4 Completing the Accounting CyclePrepare an accounting worksheet, The accounting cycle is the process by which the accountants produce the financial statements for a special period of time. The cycle starts with the beginning account balances. During the period，the business journalizes transactions & posts them to the ledger accounts. At the end of the period, the trail balance is prepa red, and the accounts are adjusted in order to measure the period’s net income or net loss. Completion of the accounting cycle is aided by use of a work sheet. This multicolumned document summarizes the effects of all the activity of the period.Use the work sheet to complete the accounting cycle. The work sheet is neither a journal nor a ledger but merely a convenient device for completing the accounting cycle. It has columns for the trail balance, the adjustments, the adjusted trail balance, the income statement, and the balance sheet. It aids the adjusting process, and it is the place where the period’s net income or net loss is first computed. The work sheet also provides a data for the financial statements & the closing entries. It is not, however, necessity. The accounting cycle can be completed from the less elaborate adjusted trail balance.Close the revenue, expense, and the withdrawal accounts. Revenue, expenses, and withdrawal represent, increases and decreases in owner’s equity for a specific period. At the end of the period, their balances are closed out to zero, and, for this reason, they are called temporary accounts. Assets, liabilities, and capital are not closed because they are the permanent account. Their balances at the end of one period become the beginning balances ofthe next period. The final accuracy check of the period is the postclosing trail balance.Correct typical accounting errors. Accountants correct errors by making correct journal entries.Classify assets and liabilities as current or long-term. The balance sheet reports current and long-term assets and current and long-term liabilities. It can be presented in report format or account format.Use the current & debt ratios to evaluate a business. Two decision-making aids are the current ratio—total current assets divided by total current liabilities—and the debt ratio—total liabilities divided by total assets.New Wordsaccounting cycle 会计循环account balance 帐户余额journalize 记日记帐ledger 分类帐，分户帐ledger account 分户帐目completion 完成，结束multicolumned 栏目纵横的worksheet 备忘单，工作底稿compute 计算，估算closing entries 项目终结elaborate 详尽阐述的withdrawal 提款temporary account 临时帐户permanent account 永久帐户postclosing trail balance 结帐后试算current 流动的，通用的report format 报告试account format 帐户试ratio 比率current ratio 流动比率debt ratio债务比率divide 整除Text 5 Merchandising and the AccountingUse sales, gross margin, and operating income to evaluate a company. The major revenue of a merchandising business is. sales revenue, or net sales. The major expense is cost of goods sold. Net sales minus cost of goods sold is called gross margin, or gross profit. This amount measures the business' s success or failure in selling its products at a higher price than it paid for them.The invoice is the business document generated by a purchase or sale transaction. Most merchandising entities offer discounts to their customers and allow them to return unsuitable merchandise. They also grant allowances for damaged goods that the buyer chooses to keep. Discounts and Returns and Allowances are contra accounts to Sales Revenue.Account for the purchase and sale of inventory. The merchandiser's major asset is inventory. In a merchandising entity the accounting cycle is from cash to inventory as the inventory is purchased for resale, and back to cash as the inventory is sold.Compute cost of goods sold and gross margin. Cost of goods sold, or cost of sales, is the cost of the inventory that the business has sold. It is the largest single expense of most merchandising businesses. Gross margin equals net sales revenue minus cost of goods sold.Adjust and close the accounts of a merchandising business. The end-of-period adjusting and closing process of a merchandising business is similar to that of a service business. In addition, a merchandiser adjusts inventory for theft losses, damage, and accounting errors.Prepare a merchandiser's financial statements. The income statement may appear in the single-step format or the multiple-step format. A single-step income statement has only two sections--one for revenues and the other for expenses--and a single income amount for net income. A multiple-step income statement has subtotals for gross margin and income from operations. Both formats are widely used.Use the gross margin percentage and the inventory turnover ratio to evaluate a business. Two key decision aids for a merchandiser are the gross margin percentage and the rate of inventory turnover .Increases in these measures in these measure usually signal an increase in profits.New Wordsmerchandising business 商品流通企业sales revenue = net sales 销售净收入cost of goods sold= cost of sales 销售产品成本，销售成本minus 减去gross margin = gross profit 毛利润invoice 发票discount 折扣allowance 折让return 退货inventory存货end-of-period 期终theft loss 失窃造成的损失single-step format单步骤化格式multistep format多步骤化格式subtotal 小计，部分和percentage比例，比率turnover周转gross margin percentage 毛利润比例rate of inventory turnover 存货周转率Text 6 Accounting Information SystemsDescribe the features of an effective accounting information system. An effective accounting information system should capture and summarize transactions quickly, accurately, and usefully. It should generate a variety of accounting reports, including financial statements and trial balances, that aid management in operating a business. The four major aspects of a good accounting system are (1) control over operations, (2)compatibility with the particular features of the business, (3) flexibility in response to changes in the business, and (4) a favorable cost/benefit relationship such that benefits outweigh costs.Understand how computerized and manual accounting systems are used. Computerized accounting systems process inputs faster than do manual systems and can generate more types of reports. The key components of a computerized accounting system are hardware, software, and company personnel. Account numbers play a bigger role in the operation of computerized systems than they do in manual systems, because computers classify accounts by account numbers. Both computerized and manual accounting systems require transactions to be classified by type.Computerized systems use a menu structure to organize accounting functions. Posting, trial balances, financial statements, and closing procedures are carried out automatically in a computerized accounting system. Computerized accounting systems are integrated so that the different modules of the system are updated together.Understand how spreadsheets are used in accounting. Spreadsheets are electronic work sheets whose grid points, or cells, are linked by means of formulas. The numerical relationships in the spreadsheet are maintained whenever changes are made to the spreadsheet. Spreadsheets are ideally suited to detailed computations as in budgeting.Use the sales journal, the cash receipts journal, and the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger. Manual accounting systems use special journals to record transactions by category. Credit sales are recorded in a sales journal, and cash receipts in a cash receipts journal. Posting goes to the general ledger and to the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger, which lists each customer and the amount receivable from that customer. The accounts receivable subsidiary ledger is the main device for ensuring that the company collects from customers.Use the purchases journal, the cash disbursements journal, and the accounts payable subsidiary ledger. Credit purchases in a manual system are recorded in a purchases journal and cash payments in a cash disbursements journal. Posting from these journals is to the general ledger and to the accounts payable subsidiary ledger. Theaccounts payable subsidiary ledger helps the company stay current in payments to suppliers.New Wordsaccounting information system 会计信息体系accurately 准确，精确generate导致，产生aspect方面compatibility 一致性，和谐性flexibility 机动性，灵活性outweigh 超过manual 用手操作的component 组成部分，成分hardware 硬件software 软件personnel全体成员，全体职员menu 菜单，目录automatically 自动地integrate使一体化module 组件，模块spreadsheet 电子工作表grid point 格点formula 程式numerical数字的budgeting 预算journal日记账cash receipt 现金收讫发票category 种类，类目credit 贷款，赊欠general ledger 总分类账subsidiary ledger 明细分类账，辅助帐账disbursement付出款cash disbursement 现金付出款purchase购买，购置purchase journal 购买议事录supplier 供应者Text 7 Internal Control, Cash Transaction, and Ethical Issues1 Define internal control. Internal controls should safeguard assets, ensure accurate accounting records, promote operational efficiency, and encourage adherence to company policies.2 Identify the characteristics of an effective system of internal control. An effective internal control system includes these features: reliable personnel, clear-cut assignment of responsibility, proper authorization, and separation of duties, which is the primary element of internal control. Many businesses use security devices, audits, and specially designed documents and records in their internal control systems. Effective computerized internal control systems must meet the same basic standards that good manual systems do.3 Prepare a bank reconciliation and the related journal entries. The bank account helps to control and safeguard cash. Businesses use the bank statement and the bank statement and the bank reconciliation to account for banking transactions.4 Apply internal controls to cash receipts. Different methods are used to control cash receipts over the counter and cash receipts by mail.5 Apply internal controls to cash disbursements. A key control over cash disbursements is payment by check.6 Account for petty cash transactions. An imprest system is used to control petty cash disbursements.7 Weigh ethical judgments in business. Ethical judgments can be aided by a process that identifies the ethical issues, specifies the alternative actions, identifies the people involved, and assesses the possible consequences.New WordsSafeguard vt. 保卫，捍卫adherence n. 坚持，遵守promote vt. 促进，提高reliable personnel 可信赖的全体职工clear-cut adj. 明确的，鲜明的clear-cut assignment of responsibility 明确的责任分工authorization n. 授权，委任proper authorization 合理的授权separation of duties 职能的划分audit n. 查账reconciliation n.调节（指表示一个帐户的输字如何得之余另一帐户的计算过程）bank account 银行帐户bank statement 银行报表bank reconciliation 银行调节imprest n. 预付款imprest system 预支款体系alternative adj.选择的assess vt 对……进行估计Text 8 Accounts and Notes Receivables1 Use the allowance method of accounting for uncollectibles. Credit sales create receivables. Accounts receivable are usually current assets, and notes receivable may be current or long-term. Uncollectible receivables are accounted for by the allowance method or the direct write-off method. The allowance method matches expenses to sales revenue and also results in a more realistic measure of net accounts receivable.2 Estimate uncollectibles by the percentage of sales and the aging approaches. The percentage of sales method and the aging of accounts receivable method are the two main approaches to estimating bad debts under the allowance method.3 Use the direct write-off method of accounting for uncollectibles. The direct write-off method is easy to apply, but it fails to match the uncollectible-account expense to the corresponding sales revenue. Also, Accounts receivable are reported at their full amount, which misleadingly suggests that the company expects to collect all its accounts receivable.In credit-card sales, the seller receives cash from the credit-card company (American Express, for example), which bills the customer. For the convenience of receiving cash immediately, the seller pays a fee that is a percentage of the sale.4 Identify internal control weaknesses in accounts receivable. Companies that sell on credit receive most customer collections in the mail. Good internal control over mailed-in cash receipts means separating cash-handling duties from cash accounting duties.5 Account for notes receivable. Notes receivable are formal credit agreements. Interest earned by the creditor is computed by multiplying the note's principal amount by the interest rate times the length of the interest period.Because notes receivable are negotiable, they may be sold. Selling a note receivable--called discounting a note--creates a contingent(possible) liability for the note’s payee.6 Report receivable on the balance sheet. All accounts receivable, notes receivable, and allowance accounts appear in the balance sheet. However, companies use various formats and terms to report these assets.7 Use the acid-test ratio and days' sales in receivables to evaluate a company's position. The acid-test ratio measures ability to pay current liabilities from the most liquid current assets. Days' sales in receivables indicates how long it takes to collect the average level of receivables.New Wordsallowance method 备抵法uncollectibles n. 不能收回的款项;坏帐receivables n.应收帐款long-term n. 长期(一年以上) account vt. 会计处理write--off n. 销记,划销,转销revenue n. 收入,收益accounts receivable n. 应收帐款credit sales n.赊销notes receivable n. 应收票据current asset n. 流动资产net accounts receivable n. 应收帐款净额approach n. 方法aging of accounts receivable 应收帐款帐龄分析bad debts n. 呆帐,坏帐corresponding adj. 相应的,对应的American Express n. 美国运通卡fee n. 费用internal adj. 内部的,内在的receipts n. (复数)收入creditor n. 债主,债权人compute vt.计算multiply vt. 乘principal adj. 主要的;资本的;本金的negotiable adj. 可转让的,可流通的discount vt. 打折扣,贴现contingent adj.应急的,意外的liability n. 负债payee n.收款人balance sheet n. 资产负债表format n. 形式acid- test ratio 酸性实验比率(以流动负债与流动资产作比较)evaluate v.估价,评价current liabilities n. 流动负债,经常性贷款,短期贷款Text 9 Mechandise Inventory1 Account for inventory by the perpetual and periodic systems. Accounting for inventory plays an important part in merchandisers' accounting systems because selling inventory is the heart of their business. Inventory is generally the largest current asset on their balance sheet, and inventory expense--called cost of goods sold--is usually the largest expense on the income statement.Merchandisers with high-price-tag items generally use the perpetual inventory system, which features a running inventory balance. In the past, most merchandisers handling low-price-tag items used the periodic system. Recent advances in information technology have led to replacement of periodic inventory systems with perpetual systems.A physical count of inventory is needed in both systems for control purposes.2 Apply four inventory costing methods: specific unit cost, weighted-average cost, FIFO, and LIFO. Businesses multiply the quantity of inventory items by their unit cost to determine inventory cost. Inventory costing methods are specific unit cost ; weighted-average cost ; first-in, first-out (FIFO) cost ; and last-in, first-out (LIFO) cost. Only businesses that sell unique items, such as automobiles and jewels, use the specific identification method. Most other companies use the other methods. FIFO reports ending inventory at the most current cost. LIFO reports cost of goods sold at the most current cost.3 Distinguish between the income effects and the tax effects of the inventory costing methods. When inventory costs increase, LIFO produces the highest cost of goods sold and the lowest income, thus minimizing income taxes. FIFO results in the highest income. The weighted-average cost method avoids the extremes of FIFO and LIFO.4 Convert a company's net income from the LIFO basis to the FIFO basis. Companies that use LIFO also disclose FIFO inventory amounts that can be used to convert the company's income to the FIFO basis. LIFO liquidation creates a problem because it increases income taxes.5 Prepare a perpetual inventory record. Some companies combine elements of the perpetual and periodic inventory systems at FIFO cost.Some companies keep perpetual inventory records at weighted-average cost, but few keep such records at LIFO cost.6 Apply to inventory the lower-of-cost-or-market rule. The consistency principle demands that a business stick with the inventory method it chooses. If a change in inventory method is warranted, the company must report the effect of the change on income. The lower-of-cost-or-market rule-an example of accountingconservatism--requires that businesses report inventory on the balance sheet at the lower of its cost or current replacement value.7 Compute the effects of inventory errors on the cost of goods sold and on net income. Although inventory overstatements may be counterbalanced by inventory understatements in an adjacent period, effective decision making is aided by accurate inventory information.8 Estimate inventory by the gross margin method. The gross margin method is a technique for estimating the cost of inventory. It comes in handy for preparing interim financial statements and for estimating the cost of inventory destroyed by fire or other casualties.New Wordsperpetual inventory system n. 永续盘存制periodical inventory system n. 定期盘存制merchandiser n. 交易者,买卖者income statement n. 收益表,利润表tag n.标签feature vt. 是...的特色,以...为特色running inventory n. 永续盘存replacement n. 取代count n. 计算specific adj. 具体的,明确的weighted average cost n. 加权平均的成本FIFO(first-in, first out) n. 先进先出法LIFO(last-in, first out) n. 后进先出法unique adj. 唯一的,独一无二的automobile n.汽车,机动车identification n.识别,鉴定distinguish vt. 区别ending inventory n.期末存货income effects n.收益效果,收益的影响tax effect n. 税金,税金影响效果minimize vt. 最小化extreme n.极端,极度convert vt. 使转变,使变换liquidation n.清理,清算,了结lower-of-cost-or market 成本与市场价孰低consistency n.一致性,连贯性stick with 支持,坚持warrant vt.保证,担保conservatism n.稳健主义,保守主义,谨慎性overstatement n. 估值过高,夸大understatement n. 少报counterbalance vt. 平衡,自动抵消estimate vt.accurate adj. 准确的,精确的gross margin n.毛利,销货毛利technique n. 技术,技巧come in handy 派得上用处interim adj.暂时的,临时的,中期的destroy vt. 破坏,摧毁casualty n.(复数)伤亡Text 10 Plant Assets, Intangible Assets, and Related Expenses1 Identify the elements of a plant asset's cost. Plant assets are long-lived assets that the business uses in its operation. These assets are not held for sale as inventory.2 Explain the concept of depreciation. The process of allocating a plant asset's cost to expense over the period the asset is used is called depreciation. The cost of all plant assets but land is expensed through depreciation.3 Account for depreciation by four methods. Businesses may compute the depreciation of plant assets by four methods: straight-line, units-of-production, and the accelerated methods: double-declining-balance and sum-of-years '-digits. To measure depreciation, the accountant subtracts the asset's estimated residual value from its cost and divides that amount by the asset's estimated useful life. Most companies use the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes.4 Identify the best depreciation method for income tax purposes. Almost all companies use an accelerated method for income tax purposes. Accelerated depreciation results in greater tax deductions early in the asset's life. These。

会计学原理英文课件 (3)

3-6
LO 1
Accrual- versus Cash-Basis Accounting
Accrual-Basis Accounting

Learning Objective 2
Explain the accrual basis of accounting.
Transactions recorded in the periods in
3-12
LO 2
ETHICS INSIGHT
Cooking the Books?
Why Accuracy Krispy Kreme (USA) Matters
Allegations of abuse of the revenue recognition principle have become all too common in recent years. For example, it was alleged that Krispy Kreme (USA) sometimes doubled the number of doughnuts shipped to wholesale customers at the end of a quarter to boost quarterly results. The customers shipped the unsold doughnuts back after the beginning of the next quarter for a refund. Conversely, Computer Associates International (USA) was accused of backdating sales—that is, reporting a sale in one period that did not actually occur until the next period in order to achieve the earlier period’s sales targets.

会计学原理PrinciplesofAccountingppt课件

会计信息的使用者既有外部的使用者，又有内部的使用者。
24
1.3.2会计目标
（一）企业信息的外部使用者（1）投资者——最主要的使用人。企业盈利能力如何？是否值得投资。（2）债权人。是否要贷款给这家公司？利息收取多少？该公司能否根据合
约还本付息？是否需要提供担保？（3）税务部门。公司依法应缴多少税？是否依法纳税？来年的纳税前景如
赖程度如何？能否根据合约按时支付货款？（7）客户。公司能否继续生存？产品定价是否合理？产品更新换代的打算
如何？（8）中介机构
25
1.3.2会计目标
（二）会计信息的内部使用者指企业内部各阶层的管理人员，包括公司董事会成员，公司经理、公司计划、财务、供应、市场等方面的管理人员以及车间部门的负责人等。公司职工也属于内部使用者，他们需要考虑的问题是公司是否有能力按劳付酬？公司的财务状况与获利能力是否足以保障就业？公司是否在劳动保护方面花了必要或足够的钱？公司是否有能力不断提高职工福利待遇？
27
1.4.2会计核算前提（会计假设）
是对会计领域中某些无法加以论证的事物，根据客观、正常的情况作出的判断，是全部会计工作的基础，是组织会计核算工作的前提。一、会计主体
1.可反映代理理论中的受托责任 2.会计所服务的特定对象，空间范围 3.凡是实行独立核算的经济实体 4.与法人的区别
二、持续经营 1.时间无限性 2.可合理确定六要素的内容
某一历史阶段的会计发展状况、水平与进步，从始到终受到这一历史阶段会计环境的推动和制约。
6
1.1.1会计环境变化对会计的影响
会计环境的构成要素
经济因素
政治法律因素科学技术因素文化教育因素
7
1.1.1会计环境变化对会计的影响

财务管理英文课件 (10)

nBut calculations get complicated.
Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
All rights reserved.
10 - 21
Find ks using the own-bond-yield-plusrisk-premium method. (kd = 10%, RP = 4%.)
nEarnings can be reinvested or paid out as dividends.
nInvestors could buy other securities, earn a return.
nThus, there is an opportunity cost if earnings are retained.
INPUTS OUTPUT
30
-1153.72 60 1000
N I/YR PV PMT FV
5.0% x 2 = kd = 10%
Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Component Cost of Debt
10 - 6
nInterest is tax deductible, so
nHowever, firms try to pay preferred dividend. Otherwise, (1) cannot pay common dividend, (2) difficult to raise additional funds, (3) preferred stockholders may gain control of firm.
Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.

第2章 Accounting Cycle《会计英语》PPT课件

which decreases equity.
Unit 1 Accounting Equation and Double-entry Accounting
➢ DOUBLE-ENTRY ACCOUNTING.
➢The equilibrium which the bookkeeping record achieves through the
➢The following table summarizes the rule.
Assets and Expenses
Debit
+
Credit
-
Liabilities,Owners’Equity & Revenue
Debit
-
Credit
+
Special Terms
1. accounting equation
Business activities can be described in terms of transactions and
events. The first step will identify transactions and events that cause
a change in the firm’s resources or obligations and will collect
会计等式或会计平衡式。在复式记账法下,不论一个
期间发生多少经济业务,其记录的结果始终不会破坏会计等式三项要素之间的平
衡关系,即:
资产=负债+所有者权益
2. contributed capital 缴入股本,指股东投入企业的现金或其他资产,包括股
本和股本溢价两部分。
3. common stock 普通股,英国称ordinary share,是公司股票的主要种类,通

会计基本原则英文课件 (10)

P1
11
NEED-TO-KNOW
Compute the amount recorded as the cost of a new machine given the following payments related to its purchase: gross purchase price, $700,000; sales tax, $49,000; purchase discount taken, $21,000; freight cost—terms FOB shipping point, $3,500; normal assembly costs, $3,000; cost of necessary machine platform, $2,500; cost of parts used in maintaining machine, $4,200.
Step 1:
Depreciation Per Unit
=
Cost - Salvage Value Total Units of Production
=
$9,000 36,000
= 0.25/unit
Step 2:
Depreciation Expense
=
Depreciation Per Unit
×
distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill. Education.
10-C1: Cost Determination
2
Plant Assets
Tangible in Nature
C1
3
PLANT ASSETS
C1
4

大学课程《会计英语》PPT课件：Chapter 6 Unit 1

The cost of plant and equipment includes all expenditures reasonable and necessary in acquiring the asset and placing it in a position and condition for use in the operations of the business.
1. Plant And Equipment 固定资产 2．Trade In 以旧换新 3．Betterments 改造投资 4．Additions 扩建 5．Disposal Of Plant And Equipment 固定资
产处置 6．Property Taxes 财产税
Continued
Only reasonable and necessary expenditures should be included.
Determining the Cost of Assets
Purchased for Cash
Cost is most easily determined when an asset is purchased for cash. The cost of the asset is then equal to the cash outlay necessary in acquiring the asset plus any expenditures for freight, insurance while in transit, installation, trial runs and any other costs necessary to make the asset ready for use.

会计学原理课件10P

Invቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱsting Activities
Cash implications of buying and selling noncurrent assets
Dividends received on investments*
Interest received on investments*
* IAS 7 allows these to be included under all operating
activities
Financing Activities
Receipts/payments from issuing/buying back shares
Receipts/payments from issuing/repaying loans
Capital element of a finance lease Dividend payments* Interest payments*
future
1.Cash flow statements
Financial viability and survival rest on the ability of the business to generate positive cash flows
The income statement and statement of financial position do not focus on the crucial question of a business’s liquidity.
* These figures will agree to the figure for cash in the current asset / or current liability section of the balance sheet

《会计学原理》原版教辅 chap010im

CHAPTER 10 PLANT ASSETS, NATURAL RESOURCESAND INTANGIBLESAdditional Information on Related Assignment MaterialSynopsis of Chapter RevisionsNew data on asset lives for Hershey and Tootsie RollUpdated data on depreciation methods usedMoved exchange of plant assets to the appendixUpdated text and assignments for new standard on asset exchanges New assignments on asset disposalsNew assignments on accounting for goodwillNew assignment examining Yahoo!’s accounting for intangiblesNew assignment on accounting for brand valuesActive Learning ActivitiesFound in STUDENT LEARNING TOOLSChapter Outline Notes I. Plant Assets—Tangible assets used in a company's operations thathave a useful life of more than one accounting period. Consistent withcost principle, recorded at cost. Cost includes all normal andreasonable expenditures necessary to get the asset in place and readyfor its intended use.A. LandCost includes purchase price, real estate commissions, titleinsurance, legal fees, accrued property taxes, legal fees, titleinsurance fees, accrued property taxes, surveying, clearing,landscaping, and local government assessments (current or future)for streets, sewers, etc. Also includes cost of removal of anyexisting structures (less proceeds from sale of salvaged material).Land is not depreciated.B. Land ImprovementsCosts that increase the usefulness of the land.1. Examples: parking lot surfaces, driveways, fences, andlighting systems (all have limited useful lives).2. Costs are charged to a separate Land Improvement account.3. Costs are allocated to the periods they benefit (depreciated).C. Buildings1. If purchased, cost usually includes its purchase price,brokerage fees, taxes, title fees, attorney costs, and allexpenditures to make it ready for its intended use (anynecessary repairs or renovations such as wiring, lighting,flooring and wall coverings).2. If constructed for own use, cost includes materials and laborplus a reasonable amount of indirect overhead cost (heat,lighting, power, and depreciation on machinery used toconstruct the asset). Cost also includes design fees, buildingpermits, and insurance during construction.D. Machinery and EquipmentCosts include all normal and necessary expenditures to purchasethem and prepare them for their intended use (purchase price,taxes, transportation charges, insurance while in transit, and theinstalling, assembling and testing of machinery and equipment).E. Lump-Sum PurchaseA group of plant assets purchased with a single transaction for alump-sum price. Individual asset cost is determined by allocatingthe cost of the purchase among the different types of assetsacquired based on their relative market values.Chapter Outline Notes II. Depreciation—The process of allocating the cost of a plant asset toexpense in the accounting periods benefiting from its use. Recorded asa debit to Depreciation Expense and a credit to AccumulatedDepreciation.A. Factors in Computing Depreciation1. Cost—described in section I above.2. Salvage value—(residual value or scrap value) an estimate ofthe asset's value at the end of its benefit period.3. Useful life—(service life) length of time the asset is expectedto be productively used in a company's operations. Factorsaffecting useful life include:a. Inadequacy—the insufficient capacity of plant assets tomeet the company's growing productive demands.b. Obsolescence—refers to a plant asset that is no longeruseful in producing goods or services with a competitiveadvantage because of new inventions and improvements.B. Depreciation Methods1. Straight-line method—charges the same amount to expensefor each period of the asset’s useful life. Method used by mostcompanies.Computation: Cost minus salvage value (equals thedepreciable cost) divided by the number of accounting periodsin the asset's useful life equals the periodic depreciation.2. Units-of-production method—charges a varying amount ofcost to expense for each period of an asset’s useful lifedepending on its usage. Examples of capacity measurements:miles driven, product outputs, hours used. Computation:a.Cost minus salvage value divided by the total number ofunits expected to be produced during assets useful lifeequals the depreciation per unit.b.Depreciation per unit is multiplied by number of unitsconsumed in the period equals the period’s depreciation.3. Declining-balance method—an accelerated depreciationmethod which yields larger depreciation expenses during theearly years of an asset's life and smaller charges in later years.Computation: Multiply the asset's beginning of period bookvalue by a depreciation rate (usually twice the straight-linerat e) to determine the period’s depreciation. If double thestraight-line rate is used the method is referred to as doubledeclining-balance. (Note that salvage value is not used in thecalculation.)Chapter Outline Notes4. Depreciation for tax reporting—differences between financialand tax accounting systems are normal and expected.a. Many companies use accelerated depreciation incomputing taxable income because it postpones its taxpayments by charging higher depreciation expense in theearly years and lower amounts in the later years.b. Federal income tax law rules for depreciating assets arecalled the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System(MACRS).c. MACRS is not acceptable for financial reporting becauseit allocates costs over an arbitrary period that is less thanthe asset's useful life.C. Partial Year DepreciationWhen an asset is purchased (or disposed of) at a time other thanthe beginning or end of an accounting period, depreciation isrecorded for part of the year.D. Revising DepreciationIf estimated salvage and/or useful life is revised:1. Depreciation expense computations are revised by spreadingthe remaining cost to be depreciated over the revised usefullife remaining.2. The revision is referred to as a change in an accountingestimate and is reflected in current and future financialstatements, not prior statements.E. Reporting Depreciation1. Cost of plant assets and accumulated depreciation are reportedon the balance sheet or in its notes.2. To satisfy the full-disclosure principle, the depreciationmethod or methods used must be disclosed in a balance sheetnote.3. Plant assets are reported at their undepreciated costs (bookvalue, not at market value.4. Accumulated depreciation on the balance sheet does notrepresent funds accumulated to buy new assets when thepresently owned assets must be replaced.Chapter Outline Notes III. Additional Expenditures—Those made to operate, maintain, repair,or improve plant assets after their initial purchase. To record theseexpenditures one must decide whether to capitalize (increase andasset) or expense in current period.A.Ordinary Repairs—expenditures to keep an asset in normal, goodoperating condition. They do not materially increase the asset's lifeor productive capabilities.1. Treated as revenue expenditures (also called income statementexpenditures). Recorded as expenses on current period'sincome statement.2. Examples: cleaning, repainting, and lubricating.B. Betterments (Improvements) and Extraordinary Repairs—expenditures to make a plant asset more efficient or productive.1. Betterments often involves adding a component to an assetthat does not always extend its useful life.a.Examples: adding a wing to a building or changing amachine from manual function to automatic.b.Debited to the asset account.c.The increase in asset’s book value results in need to revisefuture depreciation.2. Extraordinary repairs are expenditures that do extend theasset's useful life beyond its original estimate.a.Examples: roofing replacement and major overhauls ofmachinery and equipment.b.Treated as capital expenditures (debited to asset account)because they benefit future periods.Chapter Outline Notes IV. Disposals of Plant Assets—Assets may be discarded, sold, orexchanged due to wear and tear, obsolescence, inadequacy, or damageby fire or other accident. General accounting steps in a disposal of aplant asset:•Record depreciation up to the date of disposal—this alsoupdates Accumulated Depreciation.•Remove account balances of the disposed asset—including itsAccumulated Depreciation.•Record any cash (and/or other assets) received or paid in thedisposal.•Record any gain or loss resulting from comparing the asset'sbook value with the market value of any assets received.Exception: in the case of an exchange that lacks commercialsubstance—discussed in Appendix 10A.A. Discarding Plant Assets—no longer useful and has no marketvalueFollow general accounting steps above.1. If fully depreciated, no loss.2. If not fully depreciated, record loss equal to the book value.B. Selling Plant AssetsFollow general accounting steps above.1. Sale is at a gain if value received exceeds book value.2. Sale is at a loss if value received is less than book value.Chapter Outline Notes V. Natural Resources—Assets that are physically consumed when used.Examples include timber, mineral deposits, and oil and gas fields.Often called wasting assets.A.Cost Determination and Depletion1. Recorded at cost, which includes all expenditures necessary toacquire the resource and prepare it for its intended use.2.Depletion is the process of allocating the cost of naturalresources to the periods when it is consumed, known as theresource's useful life.3.Depletion expense (debit) per period is based on the unitsextracted. The calculation is similar to units-of-productiondepreciation. Accumulated depletion is credited in therecording.4.Natural resources are reported on the balance sheet at cost lessaccumulated depletion.B. Plant Assets Used in Extracting ResourcesWhen the usefulness of these plant assets is directly related to thedepletion of the resource, the plant asset is depreciated inproportion to the depletion of the resource (use units-of-productionmethod and the life of the resource).VI. Intangible Assets—Certain nonphysical assets (used in operations)that confer on owners long-term rights, privileges, competitiveadvantages. Examples in B below.A.Cost Determination and Amortization1. Recorded at cost when purchased. If simply developed by thebusiness, relative immaterial costs are expensed.2.Amortization—process of systematically allocating cost ofintangible asset to expense over its estimated useful oreconomic life. (If it has an indefinite useful life, it should notbe amortized but is tested annually for impairment—this test isdiscussed in advanced course)a. Useful or economic life may differ from legal life.b. Computed on a straight-line basis (cost divided by usefulor economic life)c. Amortization period cannot exceed 40 years.d. Debit Amortization Expense and credit AccumulatedAmortization.e.Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of thelease or the life of the improvements whichever is shorter.Debit Rent Expense to amortize.Chapter Outline NotesB.Types of Intangibles1.Patent—an exclusive right granted to its owner tomanufacture and sell a patented item or to use a process for 20years.2.Copyright—the exclusive right to publish and sell a musical,literary, or artistic work during the life of the creator plus 70years.3.Leasehold—the rights to possess and use leased propertygranted by the property’s owner (lessor) to the lessee in acontract called a lease. Recorded, if there was a cost involved,as an intangible asset by the lessee (or sublessee). AsLeaseholds are amortized, the cost is charged to Rent Expense.4.Leasehold improvements—alterations or improvements toleased property, such as partitions, painting, and storefronts.Amortization results in debit to Amortization Expense—Leasehold Improvements.5.Franchises and Licenses—rights that a company orgovernment grants an entity to deliver a product or serviceunder specified conditions.6.Trademarks and Trade Names—symbols, names, phrases, orjingles identified with a company, product, or service.7.Goodwill—specific meaning in accounting: the amount bywhich the value of a company exceeds the value of itsindividual assets and liabilities. Implies the company as awhole has certain valuable attributes not measured among itsindividual assets and liabilities. Goodwill is measured as theexcess of cost of an acquired entity over the valuable of netassets acquired. It is not amortized but is tested annually forimpairment.VII. Decision Analysis—Total Asset TurnoverA. A measure of how efficiently a company uses its assets to generatesales.B. Calculated by dividing net sales by average total assets.VIII. Exchanging Plant Assets —Appendix 10AA.Accounting for the exchange depends on whether the transactionhas commercial substance. Commercial substance exists if thecompany’s future cash flows change as a result of the transaction.B.If commercial substance exists, a gain or loss is recorded based onthe difference between the book value of the assets given up andthe market value of the assets received.C.If exchange lacks commercial substance, no gain or loss isrecorded, and the asset received is recorded based on the bookvalue of the assets given up.VISUAL #19Alternate Demonstration ProblemChapter TenA new machine costs $120,000, has an estimated useful life of five years and an estimated salvage value of $15,000 at the end of that time. It is expected that the machine can produce 210,000 widgets during its useful life.The New Times Company purchases this machine on January 1, 2006, and uses it for exactly three years. During these years the annual production of widgets has been 80,000, 50,000, and 30,000 units, respectively. On January 1, 20X9, the machine is sold for $45,000.Required:1. Calculate the depreciation expense for each of the first three yearsusing:a. Straight-lineb. Units-of-productionc. Double-declining-balance2. Prepare the proper journal entry for the sale of the machine under thethree different depreciation methods.Solution: Alternate Demonstration ProblemChapter Ten1a. Straight-lineThe depreciation expense each year is equal to cost minus salvagevalue divided by useful life. In this example the cost is $120,000, the salvage value is $15,000, and the useful life is 5 years. Therefore,D = (120,000 - 15,000) / 5= 21,000 each year1b. Units-of-productionThe depreciation expense each year is equal to a rate [(cost minussalvage) divided by total production] multiplied by the actual number of units produced that year. In this example the rate would be $0.50per widget, (120,000 - 15,000) / 210,000, and the depreciation expense for each of the first three years would be:D1= .50 x 80,000 = 40,000D2 = .50 x 50,000 = 25,000D3= .50 x 30,000 = 15,0001c. Double-declining balanceThe depreciation expense each year is equal to a rate (twice thestraight-line rate divided by useful life) multiplied by the asset’s netbook value (cost minus accumulated depreciation) at the beginning of the year. In this example the rate would be 2/5, or 40%, and thedepreciation expense for each of the first three years would be:D1= .40 x 120,000 = 48,000D2 = .40 x 72,000 = 28,800D3= .40 x 43,200 = 17,2802. The journal entry for the sale of the asset will have the same generalform regardless of the method of depreciation adopted, except thatwhether there is a gain or a loss on the sale may change according to the depreciation method used. The gain or loss on disposal of the asset is determined by comparing the sale price, in this case $45,000, with the net book value of the asset at the time of the sale.Straight-lineCash ......................................... 45,000Accumulated depreciation ..... 63,000Loss on sale of machine ........ 12,000*Machine .............................. 120,000* Book value of 57,000 less sale price $45,000 equals loss of $12,000Units-of-productionCash ......................................... 45,000Accumulated depreciation ..... 80,000Machine .............................. 120,000Gain on sale of machine ... 5,000* Sale price $45,000 less book value of $40,000 equals gain of $5,000 Double-declining balanceCash ......................................... 45,000Accumulated depreciation ..... 94,080Machine .............................. 120,000Gain on sale of machine ... 19,080*Sale price $45,000 less book value of $25,920 equals gain of $19,080。

会计学原理英文课件 (10)

1. from existing current assets or through the creation of other current liabilities, and
2. within one year or the operating cycle, whichever is longer.
Revenues that are received before goods are delivered or services are performed.
1. Company increases (debits) Cash
and increases (credits) a current liability account, Unearned Revenue. 2. When the company recognizes revenue, it decreases (debits) the
3. Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.
4. Explain why bonds are issued, and identify the types of bonds. 5. Prepare the entries for the issuance of bonds and interest expense. 6. Describe the entries when bonds are redeemed. 7. Describe the accounting for long-term notes payable. 8. Identify the methods for the presentation and analysis of non-current liabilities.

会计学原理英文课件 (10)

10 - 23
C2
Partial-Year Depreciation
When a plant asset is acquired during the year, depreciation is calculated for the fraction of the year the asset is owned.
Acquisition Cost
Acquisition cost excludes financing charges and cash discounts
10 - 5
C1
Land
Title insurance premiums Purchase price Delinquent taxes
Real estate commissions Title search and transfer fees
Insurance while in transit
10 - 9
P1
Lump-Sum Purchase
The total cost of a combined purchase of land and building is separated on the basis of their relative fair market values.
Copyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
10 - 2
C1
Plant Assets
Tangible in Nature
Actively Used in Operations
Expected to Benefit Future Periods

会计学原理英文课件 (11)

Copyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
11 - 2
C1
Defining Liabilities
11 - 3
C1
Classifying Liabilities
Current Liabilities Long-Term Liabilities
11 - 6
C2
Known Liabilities
Accounts Payable
Sales Taxes Payable Unearned Revenues
Short-Term Notes Payable Payroll Liabilities Multi-Period Known Liabilities
On Nov. 29, the company repays the principal of the note plus interest.
Interest expense = $2,000 × 12% × (60 ÷ 360) = $40
11 - 14
P1
End-of-Period Adjustment to Notes
- 16
P2
Payroll Liabilities
Employers incur expenses and liabilities from having employees.
11 - 17
P2
Employee Payroll Deductions
11 - 18
P2
Employee FICA Taxes
Health and Pension Benefits

会计学原理(英文)

《会计学原理（英文）》教学大纲王燕祥编写工商管理专业课程教学大纲610 目录Chapter 1 Accounting in Action 第一章会计实践活动 (613)学习目标 (613)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (613)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (613)Chapter 2 The Recording Process 第二章记录过程 (615)学习目标 (615)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (615)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (615)Chapter 3 Adjusting the Accounts 第三章调整账户 (617)学习目标 (617)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (617)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (617)Chapter 4 Completion of the Accounting Cycle 第四章完成会计循环 (619)学习目标 (619)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (619)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (619)Chapter 5 Accounting for Merchandising Operations 第五章商品经营活动的会计核算 (621)学习目标 (621)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (621)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (621)Chapter 6 Inventories 第六章存货 (623)学习目标 (623)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (624)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (624)Chapter 7 Accounting Information Systems 第七章会计信息系统 (626)学习目标 (626)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (626)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (626)Chapter 8 Internal Control and Cash 第八章内部控制和现金 (628)学习目标 (628)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (628)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (628)Chapter 9 Accounting for Receivables 第九章应收款项的会计核算 (630)学习目标 (630)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (630)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (630)Chapter 10 Plant Assets, Natural Resources, and Intangible Assets 第十章厂场资产、自然资源和无形资产 (632)会计学原理（英文）学习目标 (632)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (632)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (633)Chapter 11 Current Liabilities and Payroll Accounting 第十一章流动负债和工资的核算 (634)学习目标 (634)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (634)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (634)Chapter 12 Accounting Principles 第十二章会计原则 (636)学习目标 (636)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (636)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (636)Chapter 13 Accounting for Partnerships 第十三章合伙企业的会计核算 (638)学习目标 (638)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (638)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (638)Chapter 14 Corporations: Organization and Capital Stock Transactions 第十四章公司：组织和股本交易 (640)学习目标 (640)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (640)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (640)Chapter 15 Corporations: Dividends, Retained Earnings, and Income Reporting 第十五章股利、保留盈余和收益报告 (642)学习目标 (642)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (642)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (642)Chapter 16 Long-Term Liabilities 第十六章长期负债 (644)学习目标 (644)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (644)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (644)Chapter 17 Investments 第十七章投资 (646)学习目标 (646)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (646)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (646)Chapter 18 The Statement of Cash Flows 第十八章现金流量表 (648)学习目标 (648)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (648)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (648)Chapter 19 Financial Statement Analysis 第十九章财务报表分析 (650)学习目标 (650)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (650)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (650)Chapter 20 Managerial Accounting 第二十章管理会计 (652)611工商管理专业课程教学大纲612 学习目标 (652)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (652)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (652)Chapter 21 Job Order Cost Accounting 第二十一章分批成本法 (654)学习目标 (654)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (654)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (654)Chapter 22 Process Cost Accounting 第二十二章分步成本法 (656)学习目标 (656)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (656)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (657)Chapter 23 Cost-V olume-Profit Relationships 第二十三章本量利分析 (658)学习目标 (658)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (658)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (659)Chapter 24 Budgetary Planning 第二十四章编制预算 (660)学习目标 (660)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (660)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (660)Chapter 25 Budgetary Control and Responsibility Accounting 第二十五章预算控制和责任会计 662 学习目标 (662)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (662)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (662)Chapter 26 Performance Evaluation through Standard Costs 第二十六章利用标准成本进行业绩评价 (664)学习目标 (664)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (664)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (664)Chapter 27 Incremental Analysis and Capital Budgeting 第二十七章增量分析和资本预算 (666)学习目标 (666)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (667)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (667)会计学原理（英文）Chapter 1 Accounting in Action第一章会计实践活动STUDY OBJECTIVESAfter studying this chapter you should be able to:1．Explain what accounting is.2．IDENTIFY THE USERS AND USES OF ACCOUNTING.3．UNDERSTAND WHY ETHICS IS A FUNDAMENTAL BUSINESS CONCEPT.4．EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLESAND THE COST PRINCIPLE.5．EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF THE MONETARY UNIT ASSUMPTION AND THE ECONOMIC ENTITY ASSUMPTION.6．STATE THE BASIC ACCOUNTING EQUATION AND EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND OWNER’S EQUITY.7．ANALYZE THE EFFECT OF BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS ON THE BASIC ACCOUNTING EQUATION.8．Understand what the four financial statements are and how they are prepared.学习目标学完本章之后，学生应该能够达到以下目标：1．解释什么是会计。

金融会计学原理英文课件 (1)

Chapter 1-10
Income Statement
Barone’s Repair Shop Income Statement For the Month Ended May 31, 2007 Revenues: Service revenue Expenses: Salary expense Rent expense Advertising expense Total expenses Net income $ 5,850 2,000 400 250 2,650 3,200
Owners’ Equity Statement
Barone’s Repair Shop Owners' Equity Statement For the Month Ended May 31, 2007 Barone's, Capital May 1 Add: Investment Net income Less: Drawings Barone's, Capital May 31 $ 10,000 3,200 13,200 1,000 12,200
Chapter 1-7
Illustration 1-6
Expenses are the cost of assets consumed or services used in the process of earning revenue. Common expenses are: salaries expense, rent expense, utilities expense, tax expense, etc.
Chapter 1-9
Companies prepare four financial statements from the summarized accounting data:

财务会计学原理英文课件 (10)

üMore long-term plans to high level officers üMore cash awards to low level officers
6
IV. The theory of executive compensation
1. Efficient contracting role for net income
§ Relative noisiness measured by the ratio of the variability of ROE to the variability of stock return from 1970-1984
§ The lower the noise in NI, the better it reflects manager effort
üShare price affected by economy wide events and noise traders
üGreater volatility will require higher average pay to maintain reservation utility
üThis means NI also useful for manager performance measure
孙建一 692万董事长银行
凌克 607万董事长房地产开发与经营
谭文鋕 601万董事长计算机和其他电子设备
黄红云 586万董事长房地产开发与经营
董文标 550万董事长银行业
3
III. A managerial compensation plan (Rockwell)
1.Three components of managerial compensation ü Salary (cash payment per month) ü Annual short-term incentive awards (cash bonuses), based upon: vCorporate performance (more for high level managers) vIndividual contribution (more for low level manager)

会计学原理（英文）

会计学原理（英文）《会计学原理（英文）》教学大纲王燕祥编写工商管理专业课程教学大纲610 目录Chapter 1 Accounting in Action 第一章会计实践活动 (613)学习目标 (613)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (613)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (613)Chapter 2 The Recording Process 第二章记录过程 (615)学习目标 (615)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (615)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (615)Chapter 3 Adjusting the Accounts 第三章调整账户 (617)学习目标 (617)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (617)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (617)Chapter 4 Completion of the Accounting Cycle 第四章完成会计循环 (619)学习目标 (619)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (619)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (619)Chapter 5 Accounting for Merchandising Operations 第五章商品经营活动的会计核算 (621)学习目标 (621)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (621)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (621)Chapter 6 Inventories 第六章存货 (623)学习目标 (623)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (624)Chapter 7 Accounting Information Systems 第七章会计信息系统 (626)学习目标 (626)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (626)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (626)Chapter 8 Internal Control and Cash 第八章内部控制和现金(628)学习目标 (628)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (628)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (628)Chapter 9 Accounting for Receivables 第九章应收款项的会计核算 (630)学习目标 (630)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (630)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (630)Chapter 10 Plant Assets, Natural Resources, and Intangible Assets 第十章厂场资产、自然资源和无形资产 (632)会计学原理（英文）学习目标 (632)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (632)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (633)Chapter 11 Current Liabilities and Payroll Accounting 第十一章流动负债和工资的核算 (634)学习目标 (634)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (634)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (634)Chapter 12 Accounting Principles 第十二章会计原则 (636)学习目标 (636)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (636)Chapter 13 Accounting for Partnerships 第十三章合伙企业的会计核算 (638)学习目标 (638)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (638)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (638)Chapter 14 Corporations: Organization and Capital Stock Transactions 第十四章公司：组织和股本交易 (640)学习目标 (640)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (640)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (640)Chapter 15 Corporations: Dividends, Retained Earnings, and Income Reporting 第十五章股利、保留盈余和收益报告 (642) 学习目标 (642)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (642)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (642)Chapter 16 Long-T erm Liabilities 第十六章长期负债 (644)学习目标 (644)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (644)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (644)Chapter 17 Investments 第十七章投资 (646)学习目标 (646)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (646)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (646)Chapter 18 The Statement of Cash Flows 第十八章现金流量表(648)学习目标 (648)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (648)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (648)Chapter 19 Financial Statement Analysis 第十九章财务报表分析 (650)学习目标 (650)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (650)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (650)Chapter 20 Managerial Accounting 第二十章管理会计 (652) 611工商管理专业课程教学大纲612 学习目标 (652)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (652)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (652)Chapter 21 Job Order Cost Accounting 第二十一章分批成本法(654)学习目标 (654)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (654)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (654)Chapter 22 Process Cost Accounting 第二十二章分步成本法(656)学习目标 (656)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (656)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (657)Chapter 23 Cost-V olume-Profit Relationships 第二十三章本量利分析 (658)学习目标 (658)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (658)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (659)Chapter 24 Budgetary Planning 第二十四章编制预算 (660)学习目标 (660)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (660)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (660)Chapter 25 Budgetary Control and Responsibility Accounting 第二十五章预算控制和责任会计 662 学习目标 (662)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (662)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (662)Chapter 26 Performance Evaluation through Standard Costs 第二十六章利用标准成本进行业绩评价 (664)学习目标 (664)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (664)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (664)Chapter 27 Incremental Analysis and Capital Budgeting 第二十七章增量分析和资本预算 (666)学习目标 (666)Teaching and homework hours 教学与作业时间 (667)Reading and References 学生必读和参考书目 (667)会计学原理（英文）Chapter 1 Accounting in Action第一章会计实践活动STUDY OBJECTIVESAfter studying this chapter you should be able to:1．Explain what accounting is.2．IDENTIFY THE USERS AND USES OF ACCOUNTING.3．UNDERSTAND WHY ETHICS IS A FUNDAMENTAL BUSINESS CONCEPT.4．EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLESAND THE COST PRINCIPLE.5．EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF THE MONETARY UNIT ASSUMPTION AND THE ECONOMIC ENTITY ASSUMPTION.6．STATE THE BASIC ACCOUNTING EQUATION AND EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES, ANDOWNER’S EQUITY.7．ANALYZE THE EFFECT OF BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS ON THE BASIC ACCOUNTING EQUATION.8．Understand what the four financial statements are and how they are prepared.学习目标学完本章之后，学生应该能够达到以下目标：1．解释什么是会计。