1#汽机规程

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高级英语Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille

conflict/struggle:
•
people --- people
people --- nature
people --- society
people --- themselves
protagonist (hero) --- antagonist (enemy)
John Koshak, Jr.--- the hurricane
• apartment building in Mississippi before and after Camille
What’s the type of the text?
• narration (the telling of a story)
• characters (people): --Pop Koshak --Grandma Koshak --John Koshak --Janis Koshak --Seven children --Charles, a friend --neighbors --pets
What is the story about?
• It describes the heroic struggle of the Koshaks and their friends against the forces of a devastating hurricane Camille.
• What does the writer focus chiefly on---developing character, action (plot), or idea (theme)?
• To learn how the writer gives a vivid description of actions in terms of lexical, sentential and textual level;

新目标大学英语综合教程1课后习题答案

Unit 1 College LifeText ALanguage in Use4.1) overlooking 2) overwhelming 3) enroll 4) keen 5) blend6) inspiration 7) frequented 8) diversity 9) passion10) incredible5.1) The Sept. 4 game between the Seahawks and the Packers kicked off this year’s football season.2) A big part of a woman’s diet should consist of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, high-fiber foods, and oily fish.3) Eleanor Roosevelt, who was a shy young girl, was terrified at the thought of speaking in public.4) Senior citizens, military veterans and businessmen make up the group of people requesting for government information in the United States.5) The schedule will make you aware of how you spend your time.6.reach a decision (达成决定) shape one’s life (塑造生活)analyze a problem (分析问题) approvea decision (通过决定)improve one’s life (改善生活) solve a problem (解决问题)1) making 2) reach 3) changed 4) shape5) enjoy 6) solve 7) analyze 8) encounter7.1) dishonest 2) illegal 3) substandard 4) irregular 5) unlock 6) incorrect 7) outnumber 8) supermarket 9) Undergraduate 10) overestimate8.1) 学习小组合作学习对应对哈佛繁重的学习任务起着重要的作用。

乘法口诀表

二字歌 2X1=2 二一得二 2X2=4 二二得二 2X3=6 二三得六 2X4=8 二四得八 2X5=10 二五一十 2X6=12 二六十二 2X7=14 二七十四 2X8=16 二八十六 2X9=18 二九十八二字歌 2X1=2 二一得二 2X2=4 二二得二 2X3=6 二三得六 2X4=8 二四得八 2X5=10 二五一十 2X6=12 二六十二 2X7=14 二七十四 2X8=16 二八十六 2X9=18 二九十八二字歌 2X1=2 二一得二 2X2=4 二二得二 2X3=6 二三得六 2X4=8 二四得八 2X5=10 二五一十 2X6=12 二六十二 2X7=14 二七十四 2X8=16 二八十六 2X9=18 二九十八
一字歌 1X1=1 一一得一 1X2=2 一二得二 1X3=3 一三得三 1X4=4 一四得四 1X5=5 一五得五 1X6=6 一六得六 1X7=7 一七得七 1X8=8 一八得八 1X9=9 一九得九一字歌 1X1=1 一一得一 1X2=2 一二得二 1X3=3 一三得三 1X4=4 一四得四 1X5=5 一五得五 1X6=6 一六得六 1X7=7 一七得七 1X8=8 一八得八 1X9=9 一九得九一字歌 1X1=1 一一得一 1X2=2 一二得二 1X3=3 一三得三 1X4=4 一四得四 1X5=5 一五得五 1X6=6 一六得六 1X7=7 一七得七 1X8=8 一八得八 1X9=9 一九得九
七字歌 7X1=7 七一得七 7X2=14 七二十四 7X3=21 七三二十一 7X4=28 七四二十八 7X5=35 七五三十五 7X6=42 七六四十二 7X7=49 七七四十九 7X8=56 七八五十六 7X9=63 七九六十三七字歌 7X1=7 七一得七 7X2=14 七二十四 7X3=21 七三二十一 7X4=28 七四二十八 7X5=35 七五三十五 7X6=42 七六四十二 7X7=49 七七四十九 7X8=56 七八五十六 7X9=63 七九六十三七字歌 7X1=7 七一得七 7X2=14 七二十四 7X3=21 七三二十一 7X4=28 七四二十八 7X5=35 七五三十五 7X6=42 七六四十二 7X7=49 七七四十九 7X8=56 七八 5X1=5 五一得五 5X2=10 五二一十 5X3=15 五三十五 5X4=20 五四二十 5X5=25 五五二十五 5X6=30 五六三十 5X7=35 五七三十五 5X8=40 五八四十 5X9=45 五九四十五五字歌 5X1=5 五一得五 5X2=10 五二一十 5X3=15 五三十五 5X4=20 五四二十 5X5=25 五五二十五 5X6=30 五六三十 5X7=35 五七三十五 5X8=40 五八四十 5X9=45 五九四十五五字歌 5X1=5 五一得五 5X2=10 五二一十 5X3=15 五三十五 5X4=20 五四二十 5X5=25 五五二十五 5X6=30 五六三十 5X7=35 五七三十五 5X8=40 五八四十 5X9=45 五九四十五

1的数学符号

1的数学符号
在数学中，“1”通常可以用阿拉伯数字表示，也可以用罗马数字“Ⅰ”表示。

同时，在某些特定的数学领域或公式中，可能会用到其他的符号或表示方式，例如在概率论中可以用字母“p”表示概率等于1的情况。

因此，具体的数学符号还需要根据不同的数学领域和公式进行判断和选择。

在数学中，数字1它有多个释义，以下为其中几个常见的含义：
1. 在集合论中，1表示所有非空有限集合的个数，即第一可数序集的势。

2. 在数学逻辑中，1表示逻辑真值“真”，即所有命题的真实性。

3. 在代数中，1表示乘法单位元，任何数乘以1都等于其本身。

4. 在几何学中，1表示长度、距离等度量单位的基准值。

5. 在概率论中，1表示必然事件发生的概率，即概率为1的事件。

需要注意的是，具体的数学符号还需要根据不同的数学领域和公式进行判断和选择。

因此，对于数字1的数学符号，需要结合具体上下文来理解其含义。

新起点大学英语Unit1-Text A

这份工作非常复杂，我们可以从图纸开始。
Exercises
汉译英：今晚的作业我打算先做英语练习。
Key: Of all the homework tonight, I’m going to start with English exercises.
Reading
BACK
… if you read a daily newspaper in any major city, you’ve read the equivalent of at least four books… 如果你每天看随便哪个大城市的一份日报，那么你每天的阅读量至少相当于四本书。
Reading
BACK
译文
Para. 4
4 你是怎么看报纸的？你只看那些自己感兴趣的东西。你是怎么知道的？因为报纸有不同的版面，如果你对体育感兴趣，你只看体育版；如果你想了解商业信息，你只看商业版。即使这样，你也不会看所有的体育报道或商务文章。报纸的标题突出了文章的要点，这就方便了你的选择。另外，报纸的写作格式也使你很容易了解要点。在每一个标题下面，你通常都会看到综述要点的一段文字。这样，你便可以选择只读综述或通读全文。
Chinese
Reading
4 And how do you read a newspaper? You read only those things you are interested in. And how do you know? Because newspapers are divided into sections, you only read the sports pages if you’re
3 If you answered the first question no, and the second yes, think again, if you read a daily newspaper in any major city, you’ve read the equivalent of at least four books.

SCH英寸对照表(1)

表示英制管壁厚系列：Sch.20----全称：Schedule 20Sch.10s--带s的系列为不锈钢专用，碳钢不用。举个例子：2" sch.10s 表示2”接管的壁厚为2.9mm,材质为不锈钢；2" sch.40 表示2”接管的壁厚为4.0mm。顺便再说一下钢管壁厚的表示方法：钢管壁厚表示方法有管子表号、钢管壁厚尺寸和管子重量三种方法 1）是以管子表号"Sch"表示壁厚。管子表号是管子设计压力与设计温度下材料许用应力的比值乘以1000,并经圆整后的数值。即: Sch＝P/[σ]t×1000 ANSI B36.10壁厚等级：Sch10、Sch20、Sch30、 Sch40、Sch60、Sch80、个等级; ANSI B36.19壁厚等级：Sch5s、Sch10s、Sch40s、Sch80s四个等级; 2）以钢管壁厚尺寸表示中国、ISO、日本部分钢管标准采用 3）是以管子重量表示管壁厚度,它将管子壁厚分为三种： a.标准重量管,以STD表示 b加厚管，以XS表示 c.特厚管，以XXS表示。对于DN≤ 250mn的管子，Sch40相当于STD，DN<200mm的管子,Sch80相当于XS。
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE A B 15 1/2" 20 3/4" 25 1" 32 1.1/4" 40 1.1/2" 50 2" 65 2.1/2" 80 3" 90 3.1/2" 100 4" 125 5" 150 6" 200 8" 250 10" 300 12" 350 14" 400 16" 450 18" 500 20" 550 22" 600 24" 650 26" 700 28" 750 30" 800 32" 850 34" 900 36" 950 38" 1000 40" 1050 42" 1100 44" 1150 46" 1200 48"

一的教案幼儿园

一的教案幼儿园教学目标通过学习本课内容，幼儿应该能够：1.认识数字1；2.能够正确书写数字1；3.了解数字1的基本概念，如1只能用来表示一件事物等。

教学内容知识点1：认识数字1数字1是最基本的数字之一，它代表着具体的一种事物或数量。

在幼儿学习数字的过程中，数字1是最先学习的数字之一。

知识点2：正确书写数字1书写数字1的基本方法是：1.先画一条竖线；2.然后在竖线的上方横着画一条线，这条线可以稍微短一点；3.如果需要书写大写字母“一”，可以在竖线的上面再横着加一条相同长度的线。

知识点3：了解数字1的基本概念数字1只能用来表示一个事物或数量，不能用来表示多个事物或数量。

例如，“我有1个苹果”就是正确的说法，“我有1个苹果S”则是错误的说法。

教学方法方法1：游戏教学法设计一些简单的游戏帮助幼儿们学习数字1的概念。

比如，在幼儿园内摆放一些相同的物品，让幼儿选出只有1个的物品，并用数字1标记。

方法2：互动教学法老师在黑板上写下一些数字1相关的问题，让幼儿们一起思考并回答。

可以让更有自信的幼儿上前回答问题，让整个教学过程更加生动活泼。

方法3：故事教学法编写一些有趣的故事，让故事中的主人公使用数字1。

例如，“小红去菜市场买了1个苹果，1个橘子和1个香蕉，她很开心地回家了”。

教学效果评价通过幼儿们在教学过程中的表现和课后测试的结果来对教学效果进行评价。

例如，通过测试了解幼儿对数字1的认识程度和能否正确书写数字1等。

总结数字是孩子们生活中必须学习的内容，掌握数字1对孩子们的数字学习起到了重要的开端作用，也是幼儿们日后数字计算学习的基础。

因此，以互动教学法为主，创造出生动有趣的教学场景，让幼儿把数字学习看成是一种游戏，既能让幼儿学习数字知识，又能培养幼儿们的自信心和学习兴趣。

1-100π 圆的周长和面积公式

1π=3.14 2π=6.28 3π= 9.42 4π= 12.56 5π= 15.7 6π= 18.84 7π= 21.98 8π= 25.12 9π= 28.26 10π= 31.4 11π= 34.54 12π= 37.68 13π= 40.82 14π= 43.96 15π= 47.1 16π= 50.24 17π= 53.38 18π= 56.52 19π= 59.66 20π= 62.8 21π= 65.94 22π= 69.08 23π= 72.22 24π= 75.36 25π= 78.5 26π= 81.64 27π= 84.78 28π= 87.92 29π= 91.06 30π= 94.2 31π= 97.34 32π= 100.48 33π= 103.62 34π= 106.76 35π= 109.9 36π= 113.04 37π= 116.18 38π= 119.32 39π= 122.46 40π= 125.6 41π= 128.74 42π= 131.88 43π= 135.02 44π= 138.16 45π= 141.3 46π= 144.44 47π= 147.58 48π= 150.72 49π= 153.86 50π= 157 51π= 160.14 52π= 163.28 53π= 166.42 54π= 169.56 55π= 172.7 56π= 175.84 57π= 178.98 58π= 182.12 59π= 185.26 60π= 188.4 61π= 191.54 62π= 194.68 63π= 197.82 64π= 200.96 65π= 204.1 66π= 207.24 67π= 210.38 68π= 213.52 69π= 216.66 70π= 219.8 71π= 222.94 72π= 226.08 73π= 229.22 74π= 232.36 75π= 235.5 76π= 238.64 77π= 241.78 78π= 244.92 79π= 248.06 80π= 251.2 81π= 254.34 82π= 257.48 83π= 260.62 84π= 263.76 85π= 266.9 86π= 270.04 87π= 273.18 88π= 276.32 89π= 279.46 90π= 282.6 91π= 285.74 92π= 288.88 93π= 292.02 94π= 295.16 95π= 298.3 96π= 301.44 97π= 304.58 98π= 307.72 99π= 310.86 100π= 3141、同一圆内半径与直径的关系：d=2r, r=d÷22、圆的周长的计算公式：如果用C表示圆的周长，那么C=πd或C=2πr。

高一英语外研版必修一Unit 1 A New Start

Application
Lisa is a .... She told us some important high school hints. First, ... Besides, ... What's more, ... At last, ... What I have learned from her is that ...
Her attitude matters!
Application
Read the text again and retell what Lisa has shared in the interview following the outline below. 1. Introduce who Lisa is. 2. Summarize her suggestions. 3. Tell what you can learn from her.
take a trip with your classmates read as many books as possible
win an award
get to know all the schoolmates in
stand on stage at least once your grade
Presentation
Suppose you are Chairman of the Student Union. Please give a
speech to the new students on their first day at high school. 2. Organise your speech following the steps below. Talk about the problems and give your advice. Tips: You may face many problems in senior high. Firstly,...Secondly,... To solve the problems, I have some suggestions for you. To begin with,...Besides,...

1+1等于几脑筋急转弯的答案是什么

1+1等于几脑筋急转弯的答案是什么脑筋急转弯是一种人为创作的以问答形式出现的极具娱乐性的语言游戏,以其幽默的表现方式,受到大众的广泛欢迎。

1+1等于几脑筋急转弯答案是什么呢？下面店铺整理的超级有趣脑筋急转弯，希望对大家喜欢。

脑筋急转弯： 1+1等于几脑筋急转弯答案：1+1=田(两边的竖、加号十、还有等于号和起来是田)1+1=王(两个一和加号一起加起来是王)1+1=无(一个，又夹走了一个，没了)1+1=丰/卅(中间的加号边长，竖着看是卅，旋转90度就是丰) 超级有趣脑筋急转弯【经典篇】1.女人最不喜欢什么花?——答:没钱花2.小明把自己关在漆黑的房间里，不厌其烦的晾晒自己心爱的宝贝，问小明在干吗?——答:晾晒自己心爱的宝贝3.谁最不喜欢书?——答:赌徒4.什么东西最能让人满足?——答:袜子5.为什么男人总骂女人是祸水最后还是娶女人?——答:没听说过因祸得福么6.什么时候一加五等于十?——答:算盘运算的时候7.什么东西越用越有钱?——答:存钱罐8.世界上谁的头力气最大?——答:男子汉9.神的交通工具是什么?——答:宝贝10.明明一天没有吃东西，为什么我不觉得饿呢?——答:因为我不是“明明”11.什么动物天天熬夜?——答:熊猫12.有一只猪它走啊走啊走到了英国结果它变成了什么?——答:pig13.减肥绝招 (打一神话人物)——答:嫦娥14.传说中第一个嗑药嗑得飘飘欲仙被监禁的人是谁?——答:嫦娥15.为什么结婚之后的生活像潜水?——答:结婚后要忍气吞声了16.那种生活方式容易致癌?——答:宅17.有一艘船限载50人，已载49人，后来又有一孕妇上船，结果船仍沉入了水中，为什么?——答:是艘潜水艇18.一间牢房中关着两个犯人，其中一个因偷窃要关一年，另一个是抢劫杀人犯，却只关两个月，为什么?——答:再过两个月杀人犯就要被枪决了19.一般来说，你是用左手写字还是用右手写字?——答:一般来说是用笔来写字的20.什么东西生的可以吃，熟的可以吃，用刀切不开，洗过之后就没人吃?——答:水!!超级有趣脑筋急转弯【精选篇】1.脸上长什么无药可救?——答:胡子2.小明喜欢运动，有一天他在摄氏38高温大太阳下做很激烈的运动，为什么也居然不会流汗?——答:他在水里游泳3.最多人看不清楚的花是甚麽花呢?——答:眼花4.一个夜黑风高的夜晚，小明遇见一个鬼，为什么那个鬼落荒而逃?——答:因为那是个胆小鬼5.什么东西明明是你的，别人却用的比你多得多?——答:名字6.小明有很厉害的胃病，可他每天总往牙科跑，这是为什么?——答:小明是牙科医生7.一只皮球和一只铁球从高楼上掉下来，谁先落地?——答:铁球8.一只狗总也不洗澡，为什么不生虱子?——答:狗只会生小狗9.后脑勺受伤的人怎样睡觉?——答:闭着眼睛睡觉10.小明在大雨倾盆的旷野中奔跑了十分钟，为什么衣服湿了头发却没湿?——答:小明是个秃头的男人11.世界上有那一种花通常夏天是冰冷的，冬天是温热的?——答:豆腐花12.红螃蟹好吃还是黑螃蟹好吃?——答:红螃蟹，因为黑螃蟹没熟超级有趣脑筋急转弯【精简篇】1. 当今社会，个体户大都靠什么吃饭?【答案：靠嘴巴】2. 纸上写着某一份命令。

商务英语综合教程1课后翻译

Unit one2. (1)Fiat launched a tiny “city car” especially for Europe’s narrow, crowed streets.(2) The rain forest theme products tap into consumer’s interest in the environment.(3) The company might target its efforts on preferred locations like India or Thailand(4) A strong president would further erode the power of the Congress.(5) Most of the measures will be phased out next year.(6) Government securities have traditionally yielded less than stocks.3.(1) on December 8th,2009, president Barack Obama launched a set of proposals to address unemployment and made it clear that he wanted to tap into some of the unspent funds( money set aside to support filing banks) to help pay for them. No precise figure was given. Some 50$ billion will be spent on infrastructure projects. But the effort represents a broad push to support small business.(2) America’s recent recession has hit small business hard. The very small, with fewer than 50 workers---employing almost one-third of working Americans ---have suffered around 45% of the job losses of the downturn.(3) Unfortunately, helping small business has not proved easy. The stimulus package passed last spring offered tax benefits and targeted the flow of credit to small business. The results were disappointing. The main problem with small business is lending. Obama’s recent plan is likely to scratch the surface if he does not tackle credit crunch.Unit two2. (1) Death does not discriminate. It eventually comes to everyone, making no exception for those more or less fortune, or those with good or bad fame.(2) T he 2008 presidential election of American is under the world’s spotlight because of the participation of female and African American candidates for the first time. Though the final outcome is still hard to anticipate, the election itself is changing not only the way American perceive themselves, but also how the rest of the world perceives America.(3) No matter what background or experience he may have, nobody should recoil from pursuing his own dream. Because we are convinced that freedom, equity and the pursuit of happiness are our rights.(4) More and more Chinese brands aspire to go global. This clearly conveys a message: the quality, design and management expertise of Chinese brands are constantly improving.3. V ariety is the spice of life. So, since a man shaves about 20,000 times in a lifetime, the desire for adventure may be the only thing that can drive away boredom. Instead of growing a “glamorous”beard, current styles leave a lot of room for hair experiments. The classic facial hair fashion is designer stubble or “three-day-growth”. The skin can still be seen under the short stubble, lending a manly appearance with relatively little care and expense. The key is to look grooming, not scruffy. However, it does not always make a good impression if you are in daily contact with customers. In contrast, the somewhat more conventional beard style can always win points.Unit three3. (1) Our car wound its way through the mountain. Beautiful scenery was everywhere to be seen on the road; we couldn’t help but be impressed.(2) After elaborate arrangements, Beijing Olympic opening ceremony unfolded s visual banquet to the world.(3) The annual environment conservation campaigns aim to restore the delicate balance between man and nature.(4) The article gives us a real sight into the cause of present food crisis.(5) The moment Wenchuan earthquake was reported, the Red Cross was flooded with calls about donations.(6) The ancient architectures and the modern ones complement each other, adding a special charm to the city.4. The middle class increasingly forgoes bicycles--- the environmentally friendly and energy efficient transport--- in favor of the car. Some four million bikes now compete for road space with more than two million cars. A quick glance at the newly constructed overpasses and ring road has clearly shows which means of transport has been getting priority. Fewer and fewer people are riding bikes because of the inconvenience and the increased dangers that cars bring to the road. However, the improvement in the state economy, the traffic situation and city management does not mean that we should say a final and complete farewell to the bicycle. Some people will still choose this non-polluting, small and green transport tool.Unit four3. (1) “These days I often recall the tough times before, thus I can be cool-headed inthe face of success,” said the founder and CEO of the company.(2)The primary issue in the current situation is to keep the prices steady; otherwise if the market panics, the consequence is beyond imagination.(3) To launch this service in the region will pay off in the long run, though the initial investment is big.(4) To make maximal profits with minimal cost has long been the objective for some companies. Now environment factors make them to rethink about it.(5) The public want to see issues like narrowing the gap between rich and poor and tackling urban housing problems prioritized by the government.(6) Home work burdens greatly restrict children’s opportunities for playing, and do harm to their development.(7) Sex set Hillary apart from all the other candidates for presidency and won her support of many female voters.4. The boom in consumer spending, now in its 12th year, has weathered many shocks that have hit the Us economy, including terrorist attacks, the 2001 recession, and a series of corporate scandals. Resilient household demand has not only sustained domestic growth but has also played a key role in supporting the global economy. Some observers, however, have viewed the surge in consumer spending with apprehension. The personal saving rate has fallen to historic lows, and consumer debt levels have risen. This has led to concern that the rise in private consumption may not be sustainable and that a subsequent weakening could throw the recovery off track. So are US consumers living beyond their means?Unit five2. (1) his speech instilled enthusiasm and confidence into the audience.(2) Intent on her work, Helen ignored the noise outside the room and did not turn to see who was coming in(3) He contended that the main issue was not being addressed.(4) Intimidated, the witness kept his mouth shut for seven years. But now he feels he could no longer turn his eyes away from facts.(5) Mother Theresa remained a woman of great humanity despite all the attention and praise for her work.(6) I wouldn’t underestimate the obstacle if I were you---the situation is more frustrating than you think.3. The Chinese want to do business with individuals---not companies--- socultivating friendships is crucial. Rather than cutting to the chase, the Chinese prefer a courtship filled with get-to-know-you banter and big banquets full of mysterious delicacies. Thus, like other Americans, Deane had to rein in his “get the deal done and move on to the next one” philosophy. And nearly every time he visits his manufacturers in Foshan, they insist on taking him on long drives in the countryside, often recovering ground he’s admired on previous trips. “they want to spend time with you,”Deane explains. “they want to get to know you”.Saxon also says that the Chinese take a long-term view and aren’t risk-takers. The society is less individualistic than America’s, So the Chinese aren’t big on confrontation. He highlights the Chinese belief in the “middle way”, a form of compromise, which means they may insist on working out an agreement rather than taking no for an answer. For an American, this translated into fostering respect, including stifling open criticism.Unit six2(1) Today’s society is full of theories which claim to be authoritative but turn out to be self-contradictory. Instead of being repeatedly tempted to believing them, I would rather keep a sober mind, think independently, and then make my own judgment. (2) Because of his profound insight into the shock of cultural diversity on human mind, he was nominated as candidate for this year’s Nobel Prize for Literature. No matter he is going to win the prize or not, he is already held in high esteem in his home country, and meanwhile plays an important role in the protection of intangible cultural heritage around the world.(3) After long time research, economists discovered that the financial institutes in this country bear a strong relationship with the government. The latter turns out to be the biggest buyer of the country’s financial products.(4) Courtesy is the essence of Chinese food culture. It is estimated that Chinese spend twice or more time on a formal dinner than Europeans.3. One of the greatest things about travelling around the world is all of the wonderful food you get to try. Watch yourself when you start to reach for that food, though, or you just might offend someone. When it comes to table manners, what works in one country doesn’t always go over in another.The United States has its own special dining customs that visitors should know about before sitting down to a meal. For example, when food starts to arrive, you can’t just dig in. it’s considered rude to start eating before everyone at the table hasreceived his or her meal.Once you start to chew down, it’s important to remember to keep yo ur elbows off the table and keep your mouth closed as you chew. One last tip for American dining is never to pick up you bowl or plate as you eat. This is considered rude beyond all belief.If you think Americans are picky about the table manners, think about Taiwan’s (china) customs. The list of rules is equally long. Y ou cannot stick chopsticks upright in your bowl of rice. Furthermore, you should never gesture with your chopsticks. For some visitors, using chopsticks is challenging enough without the rules of what you can and can’t do with themUnit 72.(1)it’s five years since she was lost but she still haunts his dr eams(2).Science empowers man to control natural forces more effectively .(3).Those students implicated in the cheating have been severely punished.(4).The environment is different between the university and the middle school, but the freshmen have adapted themselves to new conditions very soon.(5).The more he thought about it, the more confused he became.3. Recent study shows that the number of courses on ethics in the top 50 business schools have quintupled in the past 20 years . However, only half of these schools take ethic education as one of the requirements for graduation.The incident of group cheating at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business in the US has aroused intense concern among students. Those who were expelled in this case all come from Asia. They have been in the US for less than a year and have little knowledge about the honor code of universities or the judicial procedures in the US. These Asian students admitted the fault but did not lodge a protest, which is also attributed to their cultural backgrounds. According to the experts, foreign students have different opinions in defining cooperation on the university campuses in the US. The universities have a special obligation to those students. The ethic education in the business schools used to emphasize “no lying”, “no cheating” and “no stealing”. The concept of ethics is changing with the actual situation in the business world. Business ethics do only have a bearing on personal decision making, but also extend to the social, economic and environmental responsibilities of the enterprises, with the “sustainable” development as the main concern.Unit 82. (1) there is no alternative: the president must approve the bill if Congress passes it.(2) The Amish have long been renowned for making ordinary soil magically productive.(3) In fact, the reason why manufacturing powers subsidize their enterprises on energy price is that energy price is a complex political and social issue.(4) 110-year-old Peking University is constantly reviewing its course structures to cater to the ever-changing student roll.(5) About 200 visiting students from china’s quake-hit Sichuan Province wound up their vacation in Russia and set out home.(6) Carbohydrates are abundant in starchy foods, and are converted in the body into glycogen, which is then stored in the muscles and liver.(7) People that illegally obtain personal information also incur criminal penalties, under the draft submitted yesterday to Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress.(8) Governments at all levels must encourage the use of energy-saving technology and facilities by offering policy incentives such as an exemption of taxes.3. But by the spring of 2008, the financial world seemed to be coming undone, unemployment was rising, and among the fashionistas, cheap was the new black. Consumer prices in the US fell at a breathtaking annual rate of nearly 13% in the last three months of 2008. Prices plummeted for all sorts of goods, ranging from clothing to TVs to furniture, as retailers advertised sale after sale. But deflation missed big chunks of the economy. For all of 2008, college tuition and fees increased by 5.8%, followed closely by price increases for hospitals and legal services. Finance is one service sector where prices are falling, in part because banks lent so heavily in housing. For economics, overcapacity is a tricky concept. Human wants are unlimited, so how could the world ever produce too much of a good thing? The key is what people can pay: in many good sectors, prices still aren’t low enough to bring forth enough buyers. There will have to be some combination of falling prices and destruction of productive capacity before supply and demand come back into balance.。

新视野大学英语第三版1课文1-6中英文对照

Unit1Toward a brighter future for all奔向更加光明的未来1Good afternoon! As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible.1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。

你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。

在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。

2 In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. "Pose naturally," Mom instructed us. "Wait!" said Dad, "Let's take a picture of me handing him an alarm clock." The clock woke me up every morning in college. It is still on my office desk.2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。

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第一章汽轮机设备规范及主要特征一、主要用途及适用范围：C12-3.43/0.196-1型汽轮机为中压，单缸抽汽式汽轮机，带一级可调整抽汽及二段不可调整抽汽。

本汽轮机与锅炉、发电机及其附属设备组成一个成套供热发电设备，用于冬季联片供暖，不仅能提供电力，还可提高供热系统的经济性。

本汽轮机的设计转速为3000r/min，转速为不可变的。

任何转速不同的机械或需要变速运行的机械一概不能由本汽轮机来拖动。

二．主要技术规范1、汽轮机的额定功率：12000KW2、额定转速3000r/min3、主汽门前蒸汽绝对压力：3.43+0.2-0.3Mpa4、主汽门前蒸汽温度：435+10-15℃。

5、汽轮机转向：顺汽流方向看为顺时针。

6、汽轮机临界转速：一阶1457r/min ，二阶4822r/min.7、额定一级抽汽点绝对压力/温度：0.567Mpa/251.4℃。

8、额定一级抽汽量：5.528t/h.9、额定二级抽汽绝对压力/温度：0.196Mpa/150.8℃10、额定二级抽汽量：40+2.713t/h。

11、额定三级抽汽点绝对压力:0.03166Mpa/70.35℃12、额定三级抽汽量：1.542t/h。

13、纯冷凝时一级抽汽点绝对压力/温度:0.439Mpa/240.7℃14、纯冷凝时一级抽汽量：3.166t/h。

15、纯冷凝时二级抽汽点绝对压力/温度:0.186Mpa/157℃。

16、纯冷凝时二级抽汽量：1.426t/h。

17、纯冷凝时三级抽汽点绝对压力/温度:0.0699Mpa/89.9℃。

18、纯冷凝时三级抽汽量：4.524t/h。

19、最大供暖量：60t/h20、供暖抽汽压力可调范围（温度）0.118-0.245Mpa21、额定排汽压力0.00355 Mpa22、锅炉给水温度148.75℃23、额定功况汽轮机汽耗保证值6.01kg /kwh24、额定功况汽轮机汽耗保证值（除工业抽汽量）7710Kg /kwh25、纯冷凝功况汽轮机汽耗保证值4.422kg/kwh26、纯冷凝功况汽轮机热耗保证值12021kJ/kwh27、汽轮机中心高（距运转平台）750mm。

28、汽轮机轴承处允许最大振动0.03 mm。

29、过临界转速时轴承处允许最大振动0.15 mm。

30、汽轮机本体总重62t。

31、汽轮机上半总重17t。

32、汽轮机下半总重21t。

33、汽轮机转子总重7.6t。

34、汽轮机本休最大尺寸（长×宽×高）6051×3590×3835 mm。

35、汽轮发电机组轴系临界转速一阶（发电机一阶）1648r/min。

二阶（汽轮机一阶）1800r/min。

三阶（发电机二阶）4195r /min 。

36、电网频率50±0.5HZ。

37、汽轮机转子转动惯量700kgm2。

38、转速不等率5±1%。

39、压力不等率≤20%40、低压加热器加热面积50m2。

41、凝汽器冷却面积1200 m2。

42、冷油器冷却面积40 m2。

43、发电机技术规范型号：QF-15-2 频率：50HZ 接法Y额定功率15000KW 转向：从汽轮机方向看为顺时针方向。

额定电压6300V。

额定电流1718.3A。

额定转速3000 r/min。

临界转速（一次/二次）1510-1535/4046-4056 r/min。

二、汽轮机结构及性能说明1、通流部分与转子结构本机组的通流部分由一级双列调节级及十一级压力级组成。

其中第七级压力调节级采用可调通流面积的旋转隔板结构，用于调节抽汽点压力与流量。

调节级的叶型采用苏字型线组合：30TC-26，32TP-16，25TP-3A，32TP-5A，第一至十级压力级喷咀采用苏字TC-1A（IT或TC-IA 型线，动叶用采用国产HQ-1型线，第十一级喷咀采用苏字TC-2A型线，动叶用扭叶，以保证恰当的级效率。

此外为了减少漏泄损失，动、静叶之间的间隙中除最后几级长叶片处，均采用了轴向与径向汽封。

为了减少调节级内部进汽时的鼓风磨擦损失，转向导叶环采用了护罩结构，又采用了较长较多的轴封及高压段的隔板汽封补充，使外漏与级间的漏泄损失减少，最后二级隔板布置有兜水槽，所有这些措施都有利于保证机组有较高的内效率。

汽轮机转子采用了套装结构，它是一种柔性转子，叶轮采用锥形轮叶，内孔红套于轴上，以保证高度的对中性及传递一定的扭矩，转子上的其它套装件也采用了一定的过盈量，以保证在高速旋转时的对中。

轴上的二半定位圈是用于固定套装件的轴向位置的。

为了减少轴向推力，第一级到第十级叶轮都开有平衡孔。

调节级的平衡孔开在转向导叶环上，调节级与第十一级叶轮上不开平衡孔是为了保证这二级的叶轮有较高的轮面强度。

调节级的喷咀组是采用了装配焊接式结构，并用螺栓紧固于蒸汽室上。

转向导叶环分为上下二半，环体为合金刚制造。

第一级至四级隔板为合金刚隔板，第五至六级为普通铸钢隔板，以后各级为铸铁隔板。

所有轴封、隔板汽封都采用整体结构汽封齿。

本汽轮机转子与发电机转子的联接采用刚性联轴器，盘车为蜗轮蜗杆结构，由电动机传动，可以自动退出工作位置，采用低速盘车。

些外，盘车电机外伸轴可用于手动盘车。

2、静子部分本机组的汽缸分为上下两半，前、中、后三个汽缸，前汽缸与前轴承座采用“猫爪式结构”，其横向与垂直方向均有定位的膨胀。

汽缸的下半有三道抽汽口，其尺寸如下（mm）IΦ200 II2-Φ550 IIIΦ550前轴承座内部装有推力轴承前轴承，危急遮断油门，危急遮断及复位装置，轴向位移发送器，主油泵与脉冲泵的静止部分，转速表传动机构。

处部装有电测速头，三十点接线盒、温度计装置，顶端装有调速器、同步器、侧面装有调压器。

前轴承座与调速器的结合面上有油槽，以供调速器里的各种油门用油，前轴承座里尚有内部油管路以连结各调节部件。

本机组的后轴承座是同汽缸一体的，内部装有汽轮机后轴承，发电机前轴承，盘车装置，联轴器罩壳。

外部装有温度装置三十点接线盒、排泄汽装置等。

本汽轮机的前端支承—前座架是支承在前轴承座下面，并有轴向滑键与前轴承座相联。

在前座架上装有热膨胀指示器。

两个后座架分别支承在后汽缸左右侧。

后座架与后汽缸结合处有圆销定位，此外还有后汽缸导板。

本汽轮机的新蒸汽采用喷咀调节。

调节汽阀的结构方式是群阀提板式。

油动机控制行程采用杠杆连接形式。

本汽轮机的蒸汽室与前缸是一体的。

复速级的第一个与第二个阀碟控制着同一组喷咀。

本汽轮机的可调抽汽采用旋转隔板来调节，工业抽汽口管道中布置有安全阀，用以控制旋转隔板前的最大压力。

3、调节保安系统说明：3.1保安系统主要技术规范3.1.1额定转速3000r/min3.1.2转速不等率5±1%3.1.3压力不等率≤20%3.1.4调速系统迟缓率≤0.5%3.1.5同步器空负荷时调节范围2880 ——3180r/min3.1.6调压器调节范围0.118——0.245Mpa(绝)3.1.7电负荷时最大升速<3270r/min3.1.8主油泵、脉冲泵的额定进口油压0.1Mpa3.1.9主油泵额定出口油压1.1Mpa3.1.10脉冲泵额定出口油压0.7Mpa3.1.11第一脉冲油路油压0.4Mpa3.1.12第二脉冲油路油压0.35Mpa3.1.13空负荷时高压油动机行程9.69mm3.1.14额定电负荷时高压油动机行程77.9mm3.1.15额定电热负荷时，高压油动机行程103.17mm3.1.16高压油动机最大行程139.5m3.1.17空负荷时低压油动机行程0mm3.1.18额定电负荷，低压油动机行程63.83mm3.1.19额定电热负荷时油动机行程13.07mm3.1.20低压油动机最大行程80mm3.1.21危急遮断器动作转速3270——3360r/min停机3.1.22危急遮断器复位转速3055±15r/min3.1.23喷油试验时危急遮断器动作转速2920±30r/min3.1.24数字转速表电超速停机转速3360r/min3.1.25轴向位移正向报警值:+0.8mm3.1.26轴向位移正向停机值:+1.0mm3.1.27轴向位移负向停机值:-1.2mm3.1.28冷凝器低真空报警值:-0.087Mpa3.1.29冷凝器低真空停机值:-0.060Mpa3.1.30轴承回油温度停机值:75℃3.1.31轴承回油温度报警值:65℃3.1.32主油泵出口油压低报警值:0.9Mpa3.1.33润滑油压降低0.05-0.055Mpa,投交流泵，报警3.1.34润滑油压降低0.02-0.03Mpa,停机3.1.35润滑油压降低0.04Mpa投直流泵，报警3.1.36润滑油压降低0.015Mpa停盘车结构3.1.37润滑油压升高0.12Mpa停辅助油泵（可达0.15Mpa）3.1.38主蒸汽压力高报警值≥3.7Mpa3.1.39主蒸汽温度高报警值≥445℃3.1.40主汽门、抽汽阀关闭时间<1S3.2调节保安系统的构成：C12-3.43/0.196-I型汽轮机采用全液压式调节保安系统，由供油系统、调节系统、保安系统三个相对独立的分系统组成。

3.3供油系统说明3.3.1系统概述汽轮机的供油系统采用Hu-30汽轮机油，只有在冷却水温度低于15℃的情况下，允许用Hu-20汽轮机油，其工作温度应保持在45±5℃。

供油系统由主油泵、脉冲泵，I、II号注油器，交流电动辅助油泵、直流电动辅助油泵、低压过油阀、油箱、主油泵，启动排油阀、节流止回阀等组成。

供油系统向机组的调节系统、保安系统和润滑系统供油。

3.3.2供油系统各部套结构原理功能说明。

3.3.2.1主油泵采用后弯叶片离心泵结构，装在前轴承座部位的主轴上，向调节保安系统提供压力油，并向注油器提供喷射用油，在机组转速升至2850r/min以上时，主油泵即可正常工作，向调节、保安系统正常供油。

3.3.2.2脉冲泵：采用径向钻孔式结构，该泵与主油泵并联装在主轴上，有一个共同的进油口，与主油泵组成一体，称为油泵组，向调速器提供随转速变化的脉冲油信号。

3.3.2.3交流电动辅助油泵该泵为离心式油泵，在汽轮机启动和停止过程中，启动该泵向保安系统提供压力油。

以保证调节保安润滑系统的工作。

当机组转速达2850r/min左右时，可逐渐减少向调节保安系统的供油。

在确认主油泵正常供油后，停止此泵。

在机组运行后，润滑油压降到0.05-0.055Mpa时，该泵自投，润滑油压高达0.12Mpa时，泵自动停止。

3.3.2.4直流电动辅助油泵该泵亦称应急油泵，为离心式油泵，由直流电动机带动。

在事故状态，主油泵及交流电动辅助油泵不能正常供油时，启动该泵，向润滑系统供油。

在机组启动和运行中，润滑油压降到0.04Mpa时，该泵自投。