人大2017英语语言学真题回忆
00541_2017年4月真题及答案
2017年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试语言学概论试卷(课程代码00541)第一部分选择题(共30分)一、革项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题l分，共20分)1．汉语属于A．孤立语 B.屈折语 C．粘着语 D。
复综语2．“种花”的“花”和‘‘花钱”的“花”是A．同义词 B．多义词 C．同音词 D．近义词3．苏美尔人发明了A．楔形文字 B．甲骨文C．腓尼基字母 D.阿拉伯字母4．第二语言学习者在使用外语时常常借助于母语的发音、词义、结构规则或习惯来表达思想的现象叫 A．语言相关 B.语言辅助C．语言影响D．语言迁移5．“郭明义是当代的雷锋”中，“雷锋”属于借代中的A．以部分代整体 B.以特征代本体C．以具体代抽象D．以专称代通称6．“成立”和“建立”这两个词的词义区别主要是A．理性意义不同 B．感情色彩不同C．语体色彩不同 D．形象色彩不同7．根据乔姆斯基提出的假设，人的大脑中储存的全人类语言所共有的语言知识叫A．人类语法 B.普遍语法C．个人语法 D．个别语法8．从同一种语言中分化出来的各个语言叫A．地方话 B．隐语C．亲属语言 D．原始基础语9．“活儿我不做了!三颗粮食，收不收有什么关系?”使用的修辞手法是A．拟人 B．拟物C．夸张 D．降格10．语言符号的能指是A．词汇B．语音C．语义 D．语法11．汉语普通话以北方方言为基础方言主要出于A．人们的喜好 B．经济上的原因C．文化上的原因D．政治上的原因12．诗歌属于A.谈话语体 B．应用语体C．文学语体 D．宣传语体13.纳西族语言称“大树”为“树母”、“小树”为“树男”，反映出古代纳西族曾经历过A．群婚制阶段 B．族外婚制阶段C．母系氏族社会阶段 D．家族制阶段14．希腊字母属于A．辅音文字 B．全音素文字C.表意文字 D．象形文字15．古代关于马的词很多，如“驹”两岁马、“駣”三岁马、“馬八”八岁马，这些词被称为A．同源词B．类义词C．同义词 D．同形词16．语言符号的结构必须是按照时间先后顺序依次出现，这是语言符号的A．系统特征 B．约定特征C．层级特征 D．线性特征17．对“语言”和“言语”这两个概念进行区分的是A．索绪尔 B．鲍阿斯C．沃尔夫 D．施莱歇尔18．“他们的品质是那样的纯洁和高尚，他们的意志是那样的坚韧和刚强，他们的气质是那村的纯朴和谦逊，他们的胸怀是那样的美丽和宽广”是A.对偶句B．排比句C．反复句 D．回环句19.下面各词借自于汉代西域的是A．葡萄 B．罗汉C．蛮夷 D．胡同20．某一言语社团同时使用两种或两种以上语言的社会现象叫A．混合语现象 B．惯用语现象C．克里奥尔现象 D．双语现象二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)在每小题歹|j出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
英语语言学概论第三章习题及答案
2017级英语语言学概论第三章习题请认真填写学号和姓名。
每次答题仅第一次提交有效。
个人信息：[矩阵文本题] *I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.1. Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错2.Words are the smallest meaningful units of language. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)3. Just as a phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology, so is a morpheme the basic unit in the study of morphology. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错4. The smallest meaningful units that can be used freely all by themselves are free morphemes. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错5. Bound morphemes include two types: roots and affixes. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错6. Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错7. The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added is called a stem, which can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错8. Prefixes usually modify the part of speech of the original word, not the meaning of it. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)9. There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word. Therefore, words formed according to the morphological rules are acceptable words. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)10. Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the first letter given.11. M ____ is the smallest meaningful unit of language. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Morpheme)12. The affix “-ish” in the word boyish conveys a g____ meaning. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：grammatical)13. B________ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Bound)14. Affixes are of two types: inflectional affixes and d______ affixes. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：derivative)15. D________ affixes are added to an existing form to create words. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Derivative)16. A s______ is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word and it may case change its part of speech. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：suffix)17. C________ is the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Compounding)18. The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word are called m______ rules. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：morphological)19. In terms of morphemic analysis, d_______ can be viewed as the addition of affixes to stems to form new words. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：derivation)20. A s______ can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself to which a derivational affix can be added. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：stem)III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.21. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) （） [单选题] *A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme(正确答案)22. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound （）. [单选题] *A. is the sum total of the meaning of its componentsB. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemesC. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.D. None of the above.(正确答案)23. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of （）. [单选题] *A. the first elementB. the second element(正确答案)C. either the first or the second elementD. both the first and the second elements.24. （） are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. [单选题] *A. Free morphemesB. Bound morpheme(正确答案)C. Bound wordsD. Words25. （） is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. [单选题] *A. SyntaxB. GrammarC. Morphology(正确答案)D. Morpheme26. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is （）. [单选题] *A. lexicalB. morphemicC. grammatical(正确答案)D. semantic27. Bound morphemes are those that （）. [单选题] *A. have to be used independentlyB. cannot be combined with other morphemesC. can either be free or boundD. have to be combined with other morphemes.(正确答案)28. （） modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word. [单选题] *A. Prefixes(正确答案)B. SuffixesC. RootsD. Affixes29. （） are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists. [单选题] *A. WordsB. Morphemes(正确答案)C. PhonemesD. Sentences30. “-s” in the word “books” is （）. [单选题] *A. a derivative affixB. a stemC. an inflectional affix(正确答案)D. a rootIV. Define the following terms.31. Morpheme [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：It is the smallest meaningful unit of language.)32. Free morpheme [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Free morphemes are the morphemes which are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves or in combination with oth¬er morphemes.)33. Bound morpheme [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Bound morphemes are the morphemes which cannot be used indepen¬dently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.)34. Suffix [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Suffixes are added to the end of the stems; they modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech.)35. Derivation [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Derivation is a process of word formation by which derivative affixes are added to an existing form to create a word.)。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编3
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编3(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Classification of English speech sounds in terms of manner of articulation involves the following EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.fricativesteralC.affricatesD.bilabial √解析：解析：（bilabial是根据发音部位划分的。
)2.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in ______and vocabulary.（分数：2.00）ageB.grammarC.pronunciation √D.structure解析：解析：（英音和美音最大的区别就是发音和词汇，比如发音方面，美音有儿化音。
)3.Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?（分数：2.00）A.[n] √B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]解析：解析：（[m]，[b]，[p]都是双唇音，[n]是齿龈音。
)4.Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?（分数：2.00）A.Acoustic phonetics.B.Articulatory phonetics. √C.Auditory phonetics.D.Neither of them.解析：解析：（发音语言学研究语音的发生。
)5.______other than compounds may be divided into roots and affixes.(大连外国语学院2008研) （分数：2.00）A.Polymorphemic words √B.Bound morphemesC.Free morphemes解析：解析：（多语素词可被分为词根和词缀，：而合成词是不可以被这样分的。
2017年中国人民大学翻译硕士考研真题解析,考研经验,考研参考书
全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷中国人民大学翻译硕士考研资料-----育明教育考研一．中国人民大学翻译硕士考研内容分析专业招生人数初试复试英语笔译年份统考推免政治100分翻译硕士英语100分英语翻译基础150分汉语写作与百科知识150分复试总分值为350分。
各项成绩以本项分值的60%为及格线，所有成绩均达到及格，才能视为复试合格。
各项成绩分配如下：1.专业综合课笔试（分值100分）2.第二外国语笔试（分值50分）3.专业课和综合素质面试（分值150分）4.第二外国语听力和口试（分值50分）2015113201685英语口译201561201635二．育明考研考博辅导中心孙老师解析：关于中国人民大学翻译硕士2016年的招生信息最新总结：1.中国人民大学翻译硕士2015年开始招生，人数不多，难度中等偏上，报录比大概10：1，孙老师建议大家可以提前备考。
16年复试分数线350分，笔译进复试12人，录取8人，最高分378分，最低分352分。
口译进复试5人，录取3人，最高分364分，最低分350分。
2，中国人民翻译硕士考研参考书真题都不公布，很多考生觉得无从下手，但是没有参考书并不能阻碍什么。
考研，非参加知识竞赛，背书即可。
研究生入学考试，考的是语言能力，不是考记忆力。
全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷3，人大开始招生不久，复试第一年没有考察二外，16年开始考察二外，笔试面试都有，希望大家看清楚条件，谨慎报考。
2017年中国人民大学外国语学院英语语言文学考研真题,考研参考书,考研经验,复试真题
book or document..）共 10 个
1.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are
endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and
2.
The beginning of wisdom is the definition of terms.
-------- Socrates
3.
The limit of your language means the limit of your world.
4.
(原话不记得了，大概是 the communication between men and women is cross-cultural.)
1
1/9
15.
II．Identify the people and describe briefly what they’ve done for the world.（10 个，20 分）
1.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
2.
Angela Dorothea Merkel
3.
Adam Smith
《简爱》
10. 我给忘了，，，只能想起这 9 个了。顺序可能不太对，但内容就这些。珍惜吧。
IV. What’s you understanding of these famous sayings? （5 个，分数忘了。）
1.
2017中国人民大学翻译硕士考研经验,历年考研真题
要保证阅读量，要精度，经济学家是注重表达和词汇，China daily 是注重中国
特色词汇。翻译就是不断的练习，三笔为主，也可以回译，既然是应试，初试复
习就以笔译为主，有时间听听音频也可以积累一些表达。最开始大家都很迷茫，
但是经过长时间的积累会有很大的不同。
复试：
复试分数线：350 分
360
岳**
10002*****12102
348
满**
10002*****13760
353
234
69.42
237
68.65
230
68.15
姓名 周** 闫** 钱** 潘** 谢** 赵**
外国语学院（专业学位） - 英语口译（专业学位）
考生编号
初试成绩
复试成绩
10002*****10419
407
305
361
李**
10002*****11548
348
李**
10002*****12798
351
复试成绩 294 288 274 282 255 259 268 241
加权总成绩 77.7 77.64 76.04 74.88 73.72 73.1 73.08 69.52
2 / 21
闫**
10002*****12026
中国人民大学翻译硕士考研信息，考研真题 招生人数：2016 年我校外国语学院拟招收翻译硕士专业学位全日制研究生 20 人， 其中英语口译方向 8 人，英语笔译方向 12 人。其中英语口译方向拟接收推荐免 试生 4 人，英语笔译方向拟接收推荐免试生 6 人。 学费：根据规定，被录取的考生依情况同我校签订协议书，交纳学费，培养期总 计：口译方向全日制共为 40000 元/学年，笔译方向全日制共为 25000 元/学年（学 费暂定，最终执行标准以北京市教委等主管部门批复为准）。 初试科目： 科目一：思想政治理论（满分 100 分） 科目二：翻译硕士英语（满分 100 分） 科目三：英语翻译基础（满分 150 分） 科目四：汉语写作与百科知识（满分 150 分） 参考书： 《中式英语之鉴》（一本翻译基础的书，基本能力的培养） 《专八真题》（和翻译硕士英语难度差不多） 《专八作文精品范文 100 篇》（用于作文的复习） 《刘毅 22000 词》 《星火英语专业考研考点精梳精练》 《三级笔译实务》 复习资料除了书单，按学科分类，做了一些别的学校的真题，以北外川大外经贸 厦大为主，还有口译高级词汇的背诵。经济学家杂志，China Daily 报纸，每天
(英语)英语综合综合试题回忆版真题完整版
（英语）英语综合综合试题回忆版题型一：30个词义辨析，这个考的很细节。
题型二：5个修辞手法，要自己会写题型三：150字左右的汉翻英题型四：150字左右的英英summary题型五：名词解释（语言学和文学各两个）1 derivation2 language3 Hamlet4 The lost generation题型六：整张试卷的重难点1 如何添加新词（英语语言的词汇丰富过程）2 尽可能多的写出“it is cold outside”的会话意义2 试尽可能多的写出The love song of Alfred Prufrock中Prufrock 的性格特点3 分析Thomas Hardy 的作品Tess of D’urbervilles 中TESS 这一人物2014年英语综合试题回忆版一30个词义辨析二5个修辞三150字汉翻英四summary五名词解释1 clipping2 language3 transcendentalism4 Willam Wordsworth题型六：重难点1 从distinctive property 相关知识考察其是否能区分人与动物的肢体或面部语言2 用sense and reference 相关知识分析以下两个例子，（例子是中文的，其中一个例子内容大概是：一个小偷对时尚杂志很感兴趣，关注杂志中的时尚服装，对裁缝来说，他会注意服装口袋的裁剪制作，而在小偷看来，他特别关注时尚在于关注服装的口袋，请问对小偷来说，他更关注什么，为什么？2015 年英语综合试题回忆版一30个选择二五个修辞三翻译五个汉译英，五个英译汉四summary五名词解释1 language2 error analysis3 Saul Bellow4 Doris lessing六分析题1 重要的ways of word formation 都有哪些，至少说出三个2 给了五组句子，是歧义句，说出每组句子的歧义所在3 what is Naturalism 什么是自然主义，并举例说明4 分析劳伦斯的儿子与情人作品中的Paul2014 年教育综合真题教育学一名词解释1 学校课程2 教育智慧二简答题1 课程研制的过程有哪些？2 教师劳动有哪些特点三论述如何理解人的全面发展？全面发展与个性发展的关系心理学一名词解释1 首因效应2 学校心理咨询二简答题1 什么是实验法，使用实验法时应该注意哪些事项2 影响问题解决的心理因素有哪些3 情绪情感在学习中的作用三论述题如何激发学生的学习动机，提高学生的学习效率2013年教育综合真题教育学一名词解释1 教育价值2 学校管理二简答题1 什么是教育个体功能2 影响课程实施的因素3 教育目的的定向功能具体表现在哪些方面4 有指导的教育学习指的是什么三论述教师应当具有怎么样的学生观心理学一名词解释1 社会知觉2 性格二简答1 使用测验法和调查法时应注意哪些事项2 注意分配依赖的条件3 想象的功能4 教师在教学工作中的角色和任务三论述智力发展的特征、影响因素、怎样开发学生的智力2012年教育综合真题教育学一名词解释1 教学模式2 教学功能二简答1 德育的一般规律2 班主任如何管理班级3 教师专业化发展的途径三论述论述新课改的趋势心理学一名词解释1 行为矫正治疗2 内隐记忆二简答1 知觉有哪些特性2 为什么说大脑是心理的主观能动性的器官3 教师为什么要学习心理学三论述论述教师应具备什么样的心理素质2011年教育综合真题教育学一名词解释1 教育制度2 国家课程二简答1 信息社会教育的主要特征2 我国教育目的的精神实质3 教师的职业角色三论述1 试述程序性教学知识及其教学设计2 为什么说教师的研究属于行为研究心理学一名词解释1 感觉2 性格3 能力4 再造想象二简答1 影响随意注意的因素有哪些2 情绪和情感的功能3 哪些心理因素影响问题解决三论述再创造性思维定义及其特点。
2017年福州大学英语语言文学专业初试真题回忆版
2017年福州大学英语语言文学专业初试真题回忆版聚英厦大考研网整理了2017年福州大学英语语言文学专业初试真题回忆版，仅供大家参考，欢迎广大考生纠正补充，希望能对2018年考研的同学们有所帮助。
日语：1、给汉字写假名。
（10个一个一分）记得有：切手、左、一人、野菜。
2、给假名写汉字。
（10个一个一分）3、语法题。
（30题30分）4、阅读理解（几篇）（20分10小问）5、日译汉（好像是10分）记得：一小段，今年翻译的是打算乘车去绿山游玩，大概要花费多少时间，因为明天是星期六，道理拥挤，想早一些去。
天气好的时候，可以游泳、钓鱼。
翻译时要认真看有没有语法点要翻译出来。
6、汉译日（好像是20分）记得的句子：小王的日语很好。
综合英语：1、选择题。
（30分30题考察语言学知识、语法与词汇、英美文学、英美概况）2、选择题。
（30分30题考察语言学知识、语法与词汇、英美文学英美概况）第一第二大题，我想说的是今年没有以前回忆真题里的那道连线的英美作家和作品匹配题。
因为我之前把英美文学复习的很充分，今年没有那题连线，所以拿到卷子也有一点讶异。
今年只考了4道有关英美文学与作家的选择题。
第一第二题一共60个选择题，其中题型里语法与词汇考的最多，语言学第二多。
不知道明年会不会发生变化，所以大家最好还是都全面复习好。
）3、选择题。
（15题15分，考察修辞手法）每一题是一个句子，然后每个句子后面是四个修辞手法的选项。
建议看冯翠华的《英语修辞大全》来复习。
4、完形填空题（20题20分）这一题都是自己填的词，一个空一个词，没有选项。
5、阅读理解。
（6篇30分）篇幅都不算长。
但是一定要看好时间分配好时间做。
6、review（25分）限定120个单词左右今年考的是给出Robert Frost 的一首诗，然后你看完这首诗写review。
作文与翻译注意！看题目要求，今年第一大题和第二大题的中文写作和英文写作都给出了题目，不用自拟。
1、400字中文写作（30分）给出背景材料是苏格拉底的一段话。
(回忆版)2017中山大学专业课考研真题：英语语言文学
/school/sysu
（回忆版）2017中山大学专业课考研真题：英语语言文学
聚英考研网整理了2017年中山大学考研专业课英语语言文学真题（回忆版），仅供大家参考，欢迎广大考生纠正补充，希望能对2018年考研的同学们有所帮助。
第一部分语言学部分75分
首先是10个写音标的题20分
十个填空题20分
名词解释五个25分分别是assimilation
performative utterance
mood creole plosive
最后两个论述题20分第一个是说context对意义理解的作用
第二个是什么life gives us different experiences 然后影响到the impression of the utterance？大概是这样。
第二部分文学75分
13个选择题考到的作家有简奥斯丁勃朗特狄更斯henry james .dreiser...
然后莎士比亚的sonnet 18
14题简答sonnet 18的主题
15题john donne的诗一首我没读过的诗然后分析这首诗的metaphysical conceit 问诗的流派及其特点.
16题12分emerson的nature 问是如何体现他的玄学理念的
17题20分yeats的第二次降临这首诗反映了20世纪初的历史状况.结合现代文学运动来谈谈这首诗？。
英语语言学概论第一章习题
2017级英语语言学概论第一章习题请认真填写学号和姓名。
每次答题仅第一次提交有效。
个人信息：[矩阵文本题] *I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错2.Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)3. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错4. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错5. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)6. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错7. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)8. Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the oral language. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)9. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)10. Langue refers to the abstract innate system, however, parole refers to the outcome or what we actually utter/write. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the first letter given.11. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user's k________ of the rules of his language. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：knowledge)13.D________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Duality)ngue refers to the a_______ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：abstract)nguage is a system of a______ vocal symbols used for human communication. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：arbitrary)15. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s________. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：syntax)16. Human capacity for language has a g________ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：genetic)17. P________ refers to the realization of langue in actual use. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：parole)18. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a________ linguistics. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：applied)nguage is p________ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：productive)20. Linguistics is generally defined as the s__________ study of language. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：scientific)III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.21. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be （）. [单选题] *A. prescriptiveB. analyticC. descriptive(正确答案)D. linguistic22.Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? （） [单选题] *A. ArbitrarinessB. DisplacementC. DualityD. Meaningfulness(正确答案)23. Modern linguistics regards the written language as （）. [单选题] *A. primaryB. correctC. secondary(正确答案)D. stable24. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because （）. [单选题] *A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongueD. All of the above(正确答案)25. A historical study of language is a （） study of language. [单选题] *A. synchronicB. diachronic(正确答案)C. prescriptiveD. comparative26.Saussure took a (n) （） view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a ( ) point of view. [单选题] *A. sociological…psychological(正确答案)B. psychological…sociologicalC. applied… pragmaticD. semantic and linguistic27. According to F. de Saussure, （） refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. [单选题] *A. paroleB. performanceC. langue(正确答案)D. Language28. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between （）and meanings. [单选题] *A. senseB. sounds(正确答案)C. objectsD. ideas29. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called（）. [单选题] *A. displacement(正确答案)B. dualityC. flexibilityD. cultural transmission30. The details of any language system is passed on from one generation to the next through （）, rather than by instinct. [单选题] *A. learningB. teachingC. booksD. both A and B(正确答案)IV. Define the following terms.31. Language [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.)32. Arbitrariness [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：It is one of the design features of language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds.) 33. Displacement [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Displacement means that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.)34. Competence [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language.)35.Parole [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use; parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules; parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation.)。
人大考博英语(2010-2017)
历年真题2017年中国人民大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题PartⅡReading Comprehension(40%)Directions:There are4reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D．You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET．Questions16to20are based on the following passage．Sometimes,over a span of many Years,a business will continue to grow,generating ever-increasing amounts of cash,repurchasing stock,paying increased dividends,reducing debt, opening new stores,expanding production facilities,moving into new markets,etc.,while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant(or even falls)．When this happens,the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range．Take,for example,Wal-Mart.Over the past five years,the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over80％,profits by over100％,and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30％during that timeframe.Clearly,the valuation picture has changed.An investor that read the annual report back in2000or2001might have passed on the security,deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio.Today,however,the equation is completely different--despite the stock price,WalMart is,in essence,trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend,twice the earnings power, more stores,and a bigger infrastructure.Home Depot is in much the same boat,largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world's largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy．Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon.Ten years ago,in1996, the stock traded between a range of$36．10and$54．30per share.At the time,it had reported earnings per share of$1．40and paid a cash dividend of$0．50per share.Corporate per share book value was$2．48．Last year,the stock traded within a range of$40．30 and$45．30per share;squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior!Yet,despite the stagnant stock price,the2006estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share standaround$2．16(a rise of54％),the cash dividend has more than doubled to$1．20, book value is expected to have grown to$7．40per share(a gain of nearly300％),and the total number of shares outstanding(未偿付的，未完成的)has actually decreased from2．481 billion to an estimated2．355billion due to the company's share repurchase program．16．This passage is probably a part of______．A．Find Hidden Value in the Market B．Become RicherC．Get Good Bargains D．Identify Good Companies17．The italicized word“stagnant”(line4,Para.1)can be best paraphrased as______．A．prominent B．terrible C．unchanged D．progressing18．Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lower price becauseA．it has stored a large quantity of goodsB．it has become financially more powerfulC．it has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcyD．it is a good way to compete with other retailing companies19．All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT______．A．the cash dividend has increasedB．the earning power has become strongerC．both businesses have continued to growD．the stock price has greatly decreased20．According to the author,one had better______．A．buy more shares when the stock price falls downB．sell out the shares when the stock price falls downC．do some research on the value.of a business when its stock price falls downD．invest in the business when its stock price fails downQuestions21to25are based on the following passage．Today's college students are more narcissistic(自恋的)and self-centered than their predecessors,according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society．“We need to stop endlessly repeating'You're special'and having children repeat that back,”said the study's lead author,Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University.“Kids are self-centered enough already.”“Unfortunately,narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society,including the breakdown of close relationships with others,”he said.The study asserts that narcissists“are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived,at risk for infidelity,lack emotional warmth,and to exhibit game-playing, dishonesty,and over-controlling and violent behaviors”.Twenge,the author of“Generation Me：Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident,Assertive,Entitled--and More Miserable Than Ever Before”,said narcissists tend to lack empathy,react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others．Some analysts have commended today's young people for increased commitment to volunteer work.But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically,noting that many high schools require community service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applications．Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced(非常明显的)that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies.“Permissiveness seems to be a component,”he said.“A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting.Less indulgence might be called for.”Yet students,while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings,don't necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation．Hanady Kader,a University of Washington senior,said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded.But she is dismayed(气馁；心,)by the competitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status.“We're encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want,and nobody should stand in your way,”Kader said.“I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships.”Kari Dalane,a University of Vermont sophomore,says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered.“People are worried about themselves--but in the sense of where are they're going to find a place in the world,”she said.“People want to look their best,have a good time,but it doesn't mean they're not concerned about the rest of the world.”Besides,some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome,Dalane said.“It would be more depressing if people answered,'No,I'm not special.'”21．According to the passage,a narcissistic person may21．According to the passage,a narcissistic person may______．A．hate criticism B．be dishonest to his/her partnerC．be unwilling to help others D．All the above．22．The italicized word“commended”(line1,Para.3)means______．A．praised B．criticized C．recommended D．disfavored23．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．Narcissism may result in bad consequences．B．College students are active to participate in volunteer work．C．Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge．D．Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion．24．It is implied that______．A．both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissism B．the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyC．the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the study D．college students are pessimistic about their future25．It is proper to be when you hear someone say“I'm special”．A．objective B．pessimistic C．optimistic D．worriedQuestions26to30are based on the following passage．The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries．The Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards,instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election,which can occur more than50days after the card vote is completed．Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill.The National Association of Manufacturers,The National Federation of Independent Business,the U.S.Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers.“This isn't about preventing increased unionization, it's about protecting rights”,said the National Association of Manufacturer's Jason Straczewski, of his organization's opposition to bill.Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion(旨迫,胁迫)from unions．Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers.“Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers aren't,”Samuel said.He cites the31,358cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in2005．Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby,the secret ballot would not be eliminated.The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers.“On the ground,the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between night and day,”said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council,who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level．The bill has other provisions(规定，条款)as well.The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration(促裁)when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a con-tract after3months.An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be in effect for2years,a fact that Straczewski calls,“borderline unconstitutional”.“I don't see how it will benefit employees if they're locked into a contract,”said Straczewski．The bill's proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers.The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service,the organization that oversees arbitration,reported that in2004,45percent of newly formed unions were deniedfirst contracts by employers.The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees.As it stands,the law on the books hasn't changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in1935．The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages．26．Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A．House bill aims to spur labor union growth．B．House bill aims to counter labor union growth．C．Employee Free Choice Act aims to spur employment．D．Employee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees'income．27．According to its opponents,the bill______．A．will protect employees'rightsB．will benefit workers by binding contractsC．will empower unions too muchD．makes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions28．The word“it”(line5,Para.5)refers to______．A．the change B．the legislationC．the AFL-CIO D．the difference29．People support the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPTA．the bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industries B．the bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local levelC．binding arbitration will be imposed to protect employees if a contract can't be agreed on betweena recently established union and a companyD．the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employ ees30．It is implied that______．A．fewer private industries joined unions in the pastB．workers'coercion often comes from unionsC．the bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employersD．punishment authorized by the bill will be lighterQuestions31to35are based on the following passage．Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society,changing many people's views on race,history and politics.The following is a sampling of African Americans who have shaped society and the world with their spirit and their ideals．Muhammad AllCassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville,Kentucky,learning to fight at age12after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself.Six years later, he was an Olympic boxing champion,going on to win three world heavyweight titles.He became known as much for his swagger(趾高气扬)outside the ring as his movement in it, converting to Islam in1965,changing his name to Muhammad Ali and refusing to join the U.S.Army on religious grounds.Ali remained popular after his athletic career ended and he developed Parkinson's disease,even lighting the Olympic torch at the1996Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful virtues of Islam following the September11terrorist attacks．W.E．B．Du Bois(William Edward Burghardt Du Bois)Born in1868,this Massachusetts native was one of the most prominent,prolific intellectuals of his time.An academic,activist and historian,Du Bois co-founded the National Associationfor the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP),edited“The Crisis”magazine and wrote 17books,four journals and many other scholarly articles.In perhaps his most famous work,“The Souls of Black Folk”,published in1903,he predicted“the problem of20th century [would be］the problem of the colorline”．Martin Luther King Jr．The Rev.Martin Luther King Jr.is considered one of the most powerful and popular leaders of the American civil rights movement.He spearheaded(带头；作先锋)a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches,sit-ins,boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affect-ed Americans'attitudes toward race relations.He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in1964．Malcolm XBlack leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early1960s.He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following,which continued even after his death in1965．Interest in the leader surged again after Spike Lee's1992movie“Malcolm X”was released．Jackie RobinsonIn1947,Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, becoming the first black baseball player in the U.S.major leagues.After retirement from baseball in1957,he remained active in civil rights and youth activities.In1962,he became the first African-American to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame．31．Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali?A．He never served in the army．B．He learned to fight at an early age．C．His popularity decreased after his retirement from boxing．D．He loves peace．32．The italicized word“prolific”(line2,Para.3)is synonymous to______．A．smart B．skilled C．productive D．pioneering33．According to the passage,which of the following statements is NOT true?A．W.E．B．Du Bois was engaged in the cause of promoting the status of colored people．B．Jackie Robinson was denied by U.S.major baseball leagues throughout his life．C．Martin Luther King Jr.was highly awarded for his contributions to the civil rights movements．D．Malcolm X directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his death．34．What is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?A．Each achieved enormous success in his/her field and was highly recognized．B．Each was devoted to his/her cause but didn't win recognition until death．C．All were active and famous in several fields in their lifetime．D．All loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities．35．Which of the following can be a title of the passage?A．Life of Famous African AmericansB．Influence of Famous African AmericansC．Political Pioneers:Icons and intellectualsD．Cultural Pioneers:Icons and intellectualsPartⅢVocabulary(10％)Directions:There are20incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word.And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center．36．The building collapsed because its foundation was not strong enough to______the weightof the building．A．subside B．idealize C．initiate D．sustain37．The actress was very______at the insulting question raised by her opponent at the conference．A．extraterrestrial B．explicit C．indignant D．innovative38．It is known to all that children in this region have strong______to swimming in summer because of the hot weather．A．inclination B．exposure C．flux D．correlation39．The torch was______by a famous athlete at the opening of the sport meeting．A．implement B．deceive C．exemplify D．ignited40．These samples have to be______in certain kind of chemical water in order to protect them．A．immersed B．crisped C．armored D．arrayed41．Her talk at the seminar clearly______from the topic the supervisor expected in the field of sociology．A．alternated B．amplified C．designated D．diverged42．Three years______before he returned home from the United States．A．denoted B．destined C．elapsed D．enveloped43．A______plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities．A．deliberate B．disincentive C．functional D．fantastic44．Sometimes in drawing and designing,the sign X______the unknown number．A．facilitates B．fascinates C．denotes D．jots45．The speaker was very much______by rude words and behavior of the audience in the hall．A．jerked B．incensed C．laced D．limped46．The two countries have developed a______relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade．A．managerial B．lethal C．metric D．cordial47．The doctor's______was that she should go and see the specialist in this field．A．constraint B．counsel C．coherence D．consciousness48．The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treaty following its______declaration in1970that oceans were the heritage of mankind．A．unanimous B．abstract C．autonomous D．almighty49．They need to move to new and large apartments.Do you know of any______ones in this area?A．evacuated B．empty C．vacant D．vacate50．The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get______quickly．A．decomposed B．denounced C．detached D．deduced51．The government decided to take a(n)______action to strengthen the market management．A．diverse B．durable C．epidemic D．drastic52．The local residents were unhappy about the curfew in this region and decided to______it．A．disgrace B．disguise C．defy D．distress53．They admitted that they shared the same______on the matter．A．potentiality B．sentiment C．Postscript D．subscription54．We cannot be______with him due to his misbehavior at the meeting yesterday．A．pecked B．reconciled C．perturbed D．presumed55．Bad traveling conditions had seriously their progress to their destination in that region．A．tugged B．demolished C．hampered D．destroyedPartⅣCloze(10%)Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET．Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at sea level.Nearly one-third of all human beings live within36miles of a coastline.Most of the world's great seaport cities would be56:New Orleans, Amsterdam,Shanghai,and Cairo.Some countries--Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in the Pacific--would be inundated.Heavily populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt,57large populations occupy lowlying areas,would suffer extreme 58．Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons,59in coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world.60water quality may result as61flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking water supplies, and irreplaceable,natural62could be flooded with ocean water,destroying forever many of the63plant and animal species living there．Food supplies and forests would be64affected.Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture.Warmer temperatures would65grain-growing regions pole-wards.The warming would also increase and change the pest plants,such as weeds and the insects66 the crops．Human health would also be affected.Warming could67tropical climate bringing with it yellow fever,malaria,and other diseases.Heat stress and heat mortality could rise.The harmful68of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer 69There will be some70from warming.New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic,longer growing seasons further north will71new agricultural lands,and warmer temperature will make some of today'scolder regions more72But these benefits will be in individual areas.The natural systems --both plant and animal--will be less able than man to cope and73Any change of temperature,rainfall,and sea level of the magnitude now74will be destructive to natural systems and living things and hence to man as well．The list of possible consequences of global warming suggests very clearly that we must do everything we can now to understand its causes and effects and to take all measures possible to prevent and adapt to potential and inevitable disruptions75by global warming．56．A．ascended B．assaulted C．erased D．endangered 57．A．which B．where C．when D．what' 58．A．dislocation B．discontent C．distribution D．distinction 59．A．rebuking B．rambling C．resulting D．rallying 60．A．Increased B．Reduced C．Expanded D．Saddened 61．A．inland B．coastal C．urban D．suburban 62．A．dry-land B．mountain C．wetlands D．forest 63．A．unique B．precious C．interesting D．exciting 64．A．geologically B．adversely C．secretively D．serially 65．A．shift B．generate C．grease D．fuse66．A．hiking B．hugging C．attacking D．activating 67．A．endanger B．accommodate C．adhere D．enlarge68．A．profits B．values C．effects D．interests 69．A．conditions B．accommodation C．surroundings D．evolution 70．A．adjustments B．benefits C．adoptions D．profits 71．A．alternate B．abuse C．advocate D．create72．A．accidental B．habitable C．anniversary D．ambient 73．A．adapt B．alleviate C．agitate D．assert74．A．ascertained B．conformed C．consoled D．anticipated 75．A．tutored B．relayed C．triggered D．reflected PartⅤTranslation from English into Chinese(10%) Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese,and then write it on the ANSWER SHEET．Understanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-being.Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumer services as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production. But the costs of energy—including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it,but also environmental and sociopolitical impacts—detract from well-being．For most of human history,the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefitside of the energy-well-being equation.Inadequacy of energy resources or more often of the technologies and organizations for harvesting,converting,and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence inconvenience,deprivation and constraints on growth.The1970's,then,represented a turning point.After decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs—and of relegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs to secondary status—energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects.It began to be probable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on insufficient supply.It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits．PartⅥWritingDirections:You are asked to write in no less than200words about the title of“Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China”.You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.Remember to write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET．目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题：Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. The focus on profitability pushes the systems unreasonably large, rendering them more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.A declaringB verifyingC makingD indicating22. The 8.5-ton Shenzhou III spaceship has been substantially improved in terms of the life-support systems.A technologicallyB considerablyC structurallyD internally23. According to the American judicial system twelve people constitute a jury.A composeB overthrowC disposeD surpass24. With so many trivial matters to attend to, he can hardly get down to reading for the test.A participate inB cater toC indulge inD see to25. The decently dressed son and the humble-looking father formed a striking contrast.A astonishingB humiliatingC noticeableD fleeting.26. Nowadays the prevention against SARS has assumed new significance and attracted much attention.A carried onB taken onC worked onD embarked on27. At the economic forum, each speech by a distinguished guest has to be translated simultaneously.A once in a whileB at the same timeC in a broad senseD as soon as possible.28. Studies of the role of positive thinking in our daily lives have yielded interesting results.A specific=definiteB activeC creativeD confident.29. This training course is intended to improve the competence of English of the staff.A proficiencyB graspC efficiencyD competition30. Students are supposed to set aside enough time for recreations and sports.A set apartB leave outC go aboutD put upSection B (0.5 point each)31. Some of the old customs has continued ____ politeness although they are no longer thoughtabout now.A in the way ofB in the eyes ofC in the face ofD in the form of32. One of the chief functions of slang words is to consolidate one’s ___ with a group.A identificationB specificationC introductionD superstition33. Given the other constitutional grounds elaborated by the justices, the association ____ thatschools should continue to test, if they so choose.A preserveB safeguards B maintains D conserves34. Finding out information about these universities has become amazingly easy for any one withthe Internet ____A entranceB admissionC accessD involvement35. Lack of exercise as well as unhealthy dietary habits can increase the risk of ____A mobilityB moralityC maturityD mortality36. On this bridge many suicide attempts are ____; lives can be saved.A impulsiveB responsiveC destructiveD speculative37. Abraham Lincoln was born on a small farm where the forests were ____ by wild animals.A residedB inhabitedC segregatedD exhibited38. Some teenagers a re so crazy about video games as to play them many hours________, if possible.A on purposeB on hand .C on creditD on end39. Authorities of wildlife have spent millions of dollars on the protection of nature ____A reservesB preservativesC conservativesD reservations.-daughter, her ____ parents having died in an accident.40. The young lady is Mr. Smith’s stepA ecologicalB psychologicalC physiologicalD biologicalPart III. Cloze Test (10 minutes, 1 point each)No one knows for sure whether the type of tea (you drink) makes a difference in health, but experts say all kinds of teas probably have some health 41 . Each contains high levels of antioxidants (抗氧化剂), 42 affect the process by which oxygen interacts with a substance t o change its chemical 43 . But, the way (tea is processed) can change antioxidant levels 44color and taste.Green tea is made by picking the leaves and quickly heating them to stop oxidization. Green tea typically has a 45 , fresh taste. Black tea is processed t o fully oxidize and ferment (发酵) the leaves and create a stronger taste. Some experts suggest that this 46 some variation in health effects between black and green teas. The more rare white tea is considered the finest of teas because it 47 the youngest buds from the plants, which are still covered with whitish hairs when they’re picked. White and green teas have 48 amount of caffeine. But even black tea containonly about half as much caffeine as coffee.Herbal teas are something 49 different. They are made from the leaves, flowers or roots of various plants. Herbal teas can vary widely 50 their health effects.41. A advantages B benefits C merits D profits42. A where it B that C which D when it43. A elements B ingredients C fragment D composition44. A as well as B as it is C as far as D as it were45. A faint B mild C tender D gentle46. A joins in B hands in C results in D gives in47. A composes of B makes out C makes up D consists of48. A less B the least C more D the most49. A entirely B inevitably C enormously D irresistibly50. A in case of B in proportion to C in exchange for D in terms ofPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 pint each)Passage OneSingletons, referring to those who live alone, are being comforted by well-meaning friends andfamily and told that not having a partner is not the end of the world. So, it would seem that they can say, yes, it is not. But no, in fact, it is the end.A gloomy study has just been released that says that the international trend towards living aloneis putting an unprecedented strain on our ecosystem.For a number of reasons---- relationship breakdown, career choice, longer life spans, smaller families---- the number of individual households is growing. And this is putting intolerable pressure on natural resources, and accelerating the extinction of endangered plant and animal species. And there is worse news. Running a refrigerator, television, cooker, plumbing system justfor selfish little you is a disastrous waste of resources on our over-populated planet. “The efficiency is a lot higher in households of two people or more, simply because theyof resource consumption”share everything. Well imagine that . Just when you thought living alone was OK, you would findthat all the time you were the enemy of mankind. Every time you put the kettle on the stove for acup of coffee you were destroying Mother Earth. Indeed, it is not just your mother who is a bitworried by your continuing single status ---- you are letting down the entire human race by nothaving a boyfriend or girlfriend. The trouble is that society has a group instinct and people panicand hit out when they see other people quietly rebelling and straying away from the “family and coupledom.The suggestion is that singledom should be at best a temporary state. Unless you are assimilatedinto a larger unit, you can never be fully functional.Try “communal living.” There are all these illustrations of young attractive people having aFriends.“green time,” laughingly bumping into each other. It looks like an episode of the TV seriesAnd the message is clear: Togetherness is good, solitude is bad, and being single on your own isnot allowed.51. Well-meaning friends and family members often tell those who live alone that _____A they should end their singledom as soon as possible.B they should live together with other singletons.C singledom is an acceptable life-style.D singledom can shorten one’slife-span.52. Which of the following may NOT be the reason for the increasing number of households as mentioned in the passage?A Many people get divorced because of unhappy marriage.B Now people can afford to support a household individually.C Some people have to sacrifice family life for their careers.D Many people live much longerthan before.53. The author thinks living alone is disastrous mainly because singledom is _________A harmful to people’s life.B destructive to our ecosystem.C dangerous to plants and animals.D unworkable in our society54. It is implied in the passage that singletons are usually _______A self-reliantB self-consciousC self-sufficientD self-centered55. When seeing others living alone, some people panic because they think singledom is ____A abnormalB diversifiedC unimaginableD disgusting56. The author suggests that singletons should ___________A find boy friends or girl friends.B live with their parents and other family members.C live together and share more with their friends.D watch more episodes of the TV seriesFriends.Passage TwoIn 1999 when MiShel and Carl Meissner decided to have children, they tackled the next bigissue; Should they try to have a girl? It was no small matter. MiShel’s brother had beco from a hereditary condition in his early 20s, and the Meissners had learned that the condition is adisorder passed f rom mothers to sons. If they had a boy, he would have a 50 percent chance ofhaving the condition. A girl would be unaffected. The British couple’s inquiries about sex selectionled them to Virginia, U.S., where a new sperm-separation technique, called MicroSort, was experimental at the time. When MiShel became pregnant she gave birth to a daughter. Now theywill try to have a second daughter using the same technique.The techniques separates sperm into two groups--- those that carry the X-chromosome (染色体) producing a female baby and those that carry the Y-chromosome producing a male baby.The technology was developed in 1990s, but the opening of laboratory in January 2003 inCalifornia marked the company’s first expansion. “We believe the number ofpeople who want this technology is greater than those who have access to it.” Said Keith L. Blauer, the companydirector.This is not only a seemingly effective way to select a child’s gender.It also brings a host of ethical and practical considerations ----especially for the majority of families who use the techniquefor nonmedical reasons.The clinic offers sex selection for two purposes: to help couples avoid passing on a sex-linked genetic disease and to allow those who already have a c hild to “balance” their family by having a baby of the opposite sex.Blaucer said the company has had an impressive success r ate: 91 percent of the women who become pregnant after sorting for a girl are successful, while 76 percent who sort for a boy and get pregnant are successful.The technique separates s perm based on the fact that the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome. A machine is used to distinguished the size differences and sort the sperm accordingly.57. Why did MiShel and Carl decide not to have a boy?A Because t hey might give birth to a blind baby.B Because Carl might pass his family’s disease to his son.C Because the boy might become blind when he grows up.D Because they wanted a daughter to balance their family.58. When MiShel gave birth to her first girl, the new sperm-separation technique ____A had already been well-developed.B had not been declared successful.C was available to those who wanted it.D had been widely accepted in the medical world.primary concern regarding the application of the new59. Which of the following is the author’stechnology?A The expansion of the new technology may not bring profits to the companies.B Most people who use the technology will not have a baby as they want.C The effect of the new technology still needs to be carefully examined.D Increasing use of the technology may disturb the sex balance in the population60. According to Mr. Blauer, by using the new technology, ______A 91% of the women successfully give birth to girls.B 76% of the women get pregnantwith boys.C it is more successful for those who want to have girls.D it is more successful for those who wantto have boys.61. The sperm-separation technique is based on the fact that the chromosomes responsible for babies’ sex_____A are of different shapesB are of different sizesC can be identifiedD can be reproduced62. We can infer from this passage that the new technology_________A may not guarantee people a daughter or a son as they desire.B is used by most families for nonmedical reasons.C has brought an insoluble ethical dilemmafor mankind.D will lead to a larger proportional of females in the population.Passage ThreeWithout question there are plenty of bargains to be had at sales time ----particularly at thetop-quality shops whose reputation depends on having only the best and newest goods in stock each season. They tend, for obvious reasons, to be the fashion or seasonal goods which in due course become the biggest bargains.It is true that some goods are specially brought in for the sales but these too can provide exceptional value. A manufacturer may have the end of a range left in his hands and be glad to sellthe lot off cheaply to shops; or he may have a surplus of a certain material which he is glad to makeup and get rid of cheaply; or he may be prepared to produce a special line at low cost merely tokeep his employees busy during slack period. He is likely t o have a good many “seconds” available and if their defects are trifling these may be particularly good bargains.Nevertheless, sales do offer a special opportunity for sharp practices and shoppers need to beuld be clearly marked as such and not sold as if theyextra critical. For example the “second” showere perfect. The term “substandard,” incidentally, usually indicates a more serious defect thanMore serious is the habit of marking the price down from an alleged previous price “seconds.” which is in fact fictitious. Mis-description of this and all other kinds is much practiced by the menwho run one-day sales of carpets in church halls and the like. As the sellers leave the district the dayafter the sale there is little possibility of redress. In advertising sales, shops may say “only 100 left-price” when only awhen in fact they have plenty more; conversely they may say “10,000 at halfwerefew are available at such a drastic reduction. If ever the warning “let the buyer beware” necessary it is during sales.63. Which kind of goods can be among the best bargains?A Cheapest goodsB Newest goodsC Seasonal goodsD Goods in stock64. The second paragraph deals with all of the following types of goods EXCEPT ____A surplus goodsB low-cost goodsC the end lot goodsD exceptionally valued goods65. In order to maintain his business during a bad time, a manufacturer may ____A have his goods produced at low cost.B sell his goods at a very low price.C have his employees sell his goods.D try to produce high quality goods.66. The passage suggests that “seconds”____________A are of better quality than “substandard goods”B attract buyers as particularly good bargains.C are defective but marked as perfect.D are goods with serious defects67. The word “redress” ( the underlined word in the last paragraph) probably means ____A dressing againB change of addressC compensation for something wrong.D selling the same product at different prices.68. During sales shoppers should ____A find the best bargains at every opportunity.B beware of being cheated.C buy things that are necessary.D pay more attention to the price.Passage FourHow many of today’s ailment, or even illnesses, are purely psychological? And how far can thesebe alleviated by the use of drugs? For example a psychiatrist concerned mainly with the emotionalproblems of old people might improve their state of mind somewhat b y the use of anti-depressantsbut he would not remove the root cause of their depression ----- the feeling of being useless, oftenunwanted and handicapped by failing physical powers.One of the most important controversies in medicine today is how far doctors, and particularlypsychologists, should depend on the use of drugs for “curing” their patients. It is not merel drugs may have been insufficiently tested and may reveal harmful side effects as happened in thecase of anti-sickness pills prescribed for expectant mothers but the uneasiness o f doctor who feelthat they are treating the symptoms of a disease without removing the disease itself. On the otherhand, some psychiatrists argue that in many cases such as chronic depressive illness it is impossibleto get at the root of the illness while the patient is in a depressed state. Even prolonged psychiatriccare may have no noticeable effect whereas some people can be lifted out of a depression by the useof drugs within a matter of weeks. These doctors feel not only that they have no right to withholdsuch treatment, but that the root cause of depression can be tackled better when the patient himselffeels better. This controversy is concerned, however, with the serious psychological illnesses. Itdoes not solve the problem of those whose headaches, i ndigestion, backache, etc. are due tophysical cause and as a matter “nerves”. Commonly a busy family doctor will ascribe them to someof routine prescribe a drug. Once again the symptoms are being cured rather than the disease itself.It may be true to say, as one doctor suggested recently, that over half of the cases that come to the attention are not purely physical ailments. If this is so, the situation is seriousordinary doctor’sindeed.69. The author thinks that drugs used for treating psychological ills ______A could be ineffective in some cases.B usually have harmful side effects.C can greatly alleviate the illnesses.D can remove the root causes.70. The controversy mentioned in the passage focuses on ___A whether psychologists should use drugs to cure their patients.B how psychologists should treat their patients.C the fact that all of the drugs have harmfulside effects.D the extent to which drugs should be used to fight psychological illness.71. The passage indicates that psychologists _____A find it impossible to remove a psychological diseaseB feel dissatisfied at treating theirpatients with drugs.C believe that the root cause of a disease can be ignored.D can do nothing if the patient is in adepressed state .72. When treating patients with psychological problems, some doctors feel that they ____A are at a loss for treatment.B have no right to use drugs.C have to cure their patients by any means.D should use drugs to treat the symptoms.73. A family doctor would normally consider a headache or backache as a result of ____A a more serious diseaseB some emotional problem.C a physical disorderD prolonged work74. Regarding the situation of psychological problems the author feels ____A concernedB hopelessC surprisedD disappointedPassage FiveThose who make the rules for financial institution probably should take a modified oath. Theirpledge would be: First, do no harm. Second, if the reforms put before me) are unclear, don’t approve them.Charles Morris may not have intended his new book Money, Greed, and Risk to cast such a dimlight on the regulators, but it does. In fact, it may serve as a wake-up call for true believers in ourcurrent regulatory structure, most of which was erected in the 1930s and most of which Morrisseems to favor, despite the stupid results it has caused.Morris, a former Chase Manhattan banking executive, outlines in great detail, again and again,how regulators, lawmakers, firms and many of the customers marched straight into mortgage, currency, thrift (互相储蓄) and other investment disasters. His discussion of Regulation Q, anattempt by Congress in the 1960s to rescue ailing savings and loans by regulating interest rates,reveals not only Congressional economic illiteracy, but also the deep harm such foolish thinking cando to the real economy.After some 260 pages listing the foolish things of Wall Street, regulators and lawmakers, Morrisdraws some pessimistic conclusions: “One constant in all the crises is that the regulatory responses come only after a crisis hits its peak.” For example, it “took the S&L crisis of the 1980s to b honest accounting to thrifts, and it wasn’t until the banking sector suffered huge losses in real e and foreign loans that regulators began to enforce strict capital standards.”So, what is the point of regulation? Morris, who is excellent at recounting tales of regulation gone。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编18
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编18(总分：162.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：33，分数：66.00)1.Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and 1 of language makes learning a language laborious. For learners of a foreign language, it is this feature of language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Conventionality）解析：解析：语言学习过程中学习者必须识记一些固定搭配或约定俗成的习语谚语等，因此使得语言学习比较费力。
2.In Saussure's view, the relationship between signifier(sound image) and signified (concept) is 1(北二外2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Arbitrary）解析：解析：索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。
3.Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the 1it is associated with. (人大2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Meaning）解析：解析：索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。
英语语言学概论第二章习题及答案
2017级英语语言学概论第二章习题请认真填写学号和姓名。
每次答题仅第一次提交有效。
个人信息：[矩阵文本题] *I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.1. Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错2. If two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are said to be in complementary distribution. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)3. A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)4. English is a tone language while Chinese is not. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)5. In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错6. In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错7. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错8. English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)9. According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into which the consonants can be classified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)10. According to the shape of the lips, vowels can be classified into close vowels, semi-close vowels, semi-open vowels and open vowels. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)11. Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)12. Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)13. A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substituting one sound for another results in a change of meaning. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错14. When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast. [判断题] *对错(正确答案)15. The rules governing the phonological patterning are language specific. [判断题] *对(正确答案)错II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the first letter given.16．The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e, they are allb_______ sounds. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：bilabial)17. Of all the speech organs, the t ____ is the most flexible, and is responsible for varieties of articulation than any other. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：tongue)18. English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms of p_______ of articulation. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：place)19．When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a s________. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：stop)20. S_________ features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. They include stress, tone, intonation, etc. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Suprasegmental)21．The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s ____ rules. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Sequential)22． When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i_________. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：intonation)23． The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important cavities: the pharyngeal cavity, the o_______ cavity and the nasal cavity. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：oral)24． T_______ are pitch variations, which are caused by the differing rates of vibration of the vocal cords and which can distinguish meaning just like phonemes. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Tone)25． Depending on the context in which stress is considered, there are two kinds of stress: word stress and s_________ stress. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：sentence)III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.26. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are （） sounds. [单选题] *A. voiceless(正确答案)B. voicedC. vowelD. consonantal27．（） is a voiced alveolar stop. [单选题] *A. /z/B. /d/(正确答案)C. /k/D./b/28． The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones （）. [单选题] *A. identicalB. sameC. exactly alikeD. similar(正确答案)29．Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be （）. [单选题] *A. in phonemic contrast(正确答案)B. in complementary distributionC. the allophonesD. minimal pair30．The sound /f/ is （）. [单选题] *A. voiced palatal affricateB. voiced alveolar stopC. voiceless velar fricativeD. voiceless labiodental fricative(正确答案)31. A （） vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position. [单选题] *A. backB. centralC. front(正确答案)D. middle32. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called （）. [单选题] *A. phonetic componentsB. immediate constituentsC. suprasegmental features(正确答案)D. semantic features33. A(n) （） is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features. [单选题] *A. phoneB. soundC. allophoneD. phoneme(正确答案)34． The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the （） of that phoneme. [单选题] *A. phonesB. soundsC. phonemesD. allophones(正确答案)35. In terms of the place of articulation， the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of （）. [单选题] *A. palatalB. alveolar(正确答案)C. bilabialD. dentalIV. Define the following terms.31. Phonetics [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Phonetics is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world' s languages.)32. Phonology [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Phonology studies the system of sounds of a particular language; it aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.)33. Phoneme [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit of distinctive value. But it is an abstract unit. To be exact, a phoneme is not a sound; it is a collection of distinctive phonetic features.)34. Allophone [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the allophones of that phoneme.)35. Phone [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Phones can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language. A phone is a phonetic unit or segment. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning.)。
2017 年 10 月自学考试《语言学概论》(00541)真题试卷+答案
2017 年 10 月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试语言学概论试卷 (课程代码 00541)本试卷满分 100 分，考试时间 150 分钟。
第一部分选择题一、单项选择题：本大题共20 小题，每小题 1 分，共20 分。
在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。
1．语言符号只能一个接一个出现，这是语言结构的A．不变性特征B．线性特征C．约定性特征D．聚合性特征2．汉语拼音的声母g、k、h 都是A．舌面后音B．舌面前音C．舌尖后音D．舌尖中音3．约在公元前3000 多年前，苏美尔人发明了A．圣书文字B．契刻文字C．拼音文字D．楔形文字4．普通人要掌握一门外语，必须通过A．语言转移B．语言继承C．语言学习D．语言唤醒5．“天空好像一盏乏了油的灯，红光渐渐地减弱”一句采用的修辞手法是A．比拟B．仿写C．夸张D．比喻6．汉语普通话中[a][Q][A]可以归纳为一个音位，因为它们具有A．对立关系B．楣邻关系C．互补关系D．相异关系7．下面各项属于由名词的词形变化形式表示的意义的是A．数B．态C．体D．时8．双语现象是一种A．个人现象B．社会现象C．自然现象D．偶发现象9．“红袖添香伴读书”中的“红袖”属于借代中的A．以具体代抽象B．以原料代成品C．以特征代本体D．以专称代通称10．“我爸爸爱看电视”是按((我+爸爸)+(爱+(看+电视)))这样的方式组合的，这体现了语言符号的A．层次性B．自然性C．顺序性D．功能性11．亲属语言之间存在着A．语音对应关系B．词汇对应关系C．语法对应关系D．语义对应关系12．“红的火红，白的雪白，青的靛青，绿的碧绿”采用的修辞格式是A．对称B．对比C．排比D．反复13．《说文解字·女部》：“姓，人所生也。
”说明“姓”产生于A．父系社会B．母系社会C．畜牧时代D．青铜时代14．现行汉字是一种A．象形文字B．意音文字C．字母文字D．块形文字15．旧时称妻子为“贱内、拙荆、堂客”是一种A．爱称B．敬称C．贬称D．面称16．区分语言研究的“共时研究”和“历时研究”的是A．黑格尔B．索绪尔C．施莱歇尔D．鲍阿斯17．下面各个词语中，在普通话里必读轻声词的是A．薄礼B．剥离C．薄利D．玻璃18．格律诗讲究平仄，这里的“平”指A．声调为平声B．对仗要工整C．诗意应平和D．句式当平稳19．汉语中的“站、胡同、蘑菇”借自A．朝鲜语B．满语C．回语D．蒙古语20．云南西双版纳的基诺族同时使用基诺语和汉语，这种现象属于A．语言的混合B．语言的替代C．语言的转用D．语言的并存二、多项选择题：本大题共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，共10 分。
现代语言学2017年4月真题试题与答案解析(00830)_1
试题答案：[['B']]
试题解析：In generally, children’s two-word stage begins roughly in the second half of the second year.
1、Sdescriptions are often thought of as being descriptions of a language as it exists at the present day and most linguistic studies are of this type.
2 、 When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as tone.
7、The following topics fall into the scope of historical linguistics EXCEPT.
A、sound change
B、morphological change C、syntactic change
D、register varieties
A、one B、two
C、three D、four
试题答案：[['C']]
试题解析：The word “under-develop-ed” contains three morphemes.
4、In the X-bar theory, the complement in the phrase “regularly check his E-mail box” is .
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编4
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编4(总分：52.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、判断题(总题数：26，分数：52.00)1.In the sentence "Money is often said to be the root of all evil" , "root" is used in its conceptual meaning.（北二外2007研)（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False √解析：解析：（这里的“root”是用了它的联想意义中的内涵义，不是概念意义。
)2.After comparing "They stopped at the end of the corridor. " with "At the end of the corridor, they stopped. " , you may find some difference in meaning, and the difference can be interpreted in terms of collocative meaning.（北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False √解析：解析：（搭配意义是通过词语的常用搭配而传达的意义；主位意义是通过顺序和重音这种信息的方式所传达的意义。
显然这里用的是主位意义。
)3.Conceptual meaning overlaps to a large extent with the notion of " reference".（北二外2005研)（分数：2.00）A.True √B.False解析：解析：（概念意义是逻辑的、认知的、外延的内容。
指称理论指把词语意义跟它所指称或所代表的事物联系起来，二者有其相似之处。
)4.When you use your own sentence with a meaning other than the conceptual, the meaning is sometimes referred to as speaker"s meaning, or contextual meaning.（大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.True √B.False解析：解析：（有时句子的意思要根据说话人想表达的意思而定，这也可称为语境意。
2017年大学学士学位英语统考试题及答案1
2017年学士学位英语真题考试（附答案）Paper One 试卷一（90 minutes）Part I Dialogue Completion (15 points)Directions: There are 15 short incomplete dialogues in this part, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Jenny: Shall I go and tell Mr. Fairbanks about our proposal? Jackie: ___________.A. Yes, you goB. Yes, goC. Yes, let’sD. Yes, please2. Mori: It’s a pleasure to meet you here.Kaco: __________.A. Pleased to meet you, tooB. Thank you so muchC. I didn’t expect to see you hereD. You’re too hospitable3. Williams: Excuse me. I’m looking for a present for my son. I have no idea what to get him, Can you help me?Sales girl: ____________.A. Of course I canB. No, I can’t actuallyC. You must buy him a T-shirtD. Yes, I think a T-shirt would be a good idea4. Tim: I hear you’ve been to the book fair. How was it?Susan: _____________.A. Absolutely marvelousB. Very much indeedC. Not necessarilyD. Quite disappointed5. Ed: How do you get along with your new music teacher?Maggie: Ms. Davis? __________, but I like her a lot.A. She’s humorousB. She’s nice to meC. She’s a bit strangeD. She’s good at dancing6. David: Charles, could you drive me to the railway station? Charles: ____________A. No, thanks.B. I’ll be there on time.C. Sure, why not?D. Never mind.7. Max: My son has been admitted by Beijing University.Walt: Congratulations! He is such a smart boy.Max: ___________.A. Yes, he isB. You are rightC. Thank you very muchD. Don’t mention it8. Student: Do you mind our performing rock ‘n’ roll in the hall? Teacher: _________.A. No, you’d better notB. Of course, it’s allowed hereC. Oh, I’d rather you didn’t actuallyD. I’d prefer to listen to rock ‘a’ roll9. Clerk: Excuse me, this a non-smoking place.Customer: __________A. Oh, I’m sorry.B. How can you say that?C. That’s all right.D. That’s impossible.10. Waiter: How would you like your coffee?Customer: ____________.A. It’s well doneB. Very nice, thanksC. With sugar, pleaseD. Only one cup11. Virginia: What about going to do some shopping this afternoon? Rena: ____________.A. Go ahead, please.B. Good idea!C. Me, too.D. Help yourself.12. Carlos: Thank you very much, Miss James. That helped me a lot. Miss James: ___________, Carlos.A. Don’t thank meB. Don’t mention itC. I’m fineD. I’m sorry13. Susan: I’m worried. My son doesn’t like to talk with me.Tracy: ___________. We were all like that at his age.A. Take it easyB. Change his mindC. Don’t quarrel with himD. Don’t refuse him14. Nicolas: I’d like to donate money to help poor children at school. To whom shall I give my share?Li Ming: ____________ I’ll ask about that and let you know.A. Very well.B. Who knows?C. Thank you all the same.D. It all depends.15. Kelvin: We’re almost finished with the project now. _____________. Teresa: Actually, I prefer to keep going.A. Let’s hurry upB. We’ve too tired nowC. Well be on timeD. Let’s s top for a breakPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneJack Billabong is a stockman. One Friday afternoon he was riding along the track towards the Henderson farm. He was looking for a prize bull which had escaped from the Borrogee paddock. He reached the hills and saw at once that he could not go further.There had been a fire in the forest which had gone out. But the air was still full of smoke and fallen trees had blocked the track. Jack was just going to turn back when he saw something moving in the smoke. He waited. It was a girl on a horse, and she was riding towards him. “There’s a badly burnt man on the farm,” the girl shouted. “He saved my life. Please help me to save him.”The girl was Cathy Henderson. She had been on horseback for two hours. She had to jump over fallen trees that were still burning. Her pony had fallen with her twice. She was thirsty and almost dead from want of sleep. But she rode back to the farm with Jack immediately.Joe Brook was unconscious when they reached him. They lifted him onto Jack’s horse. The ride back to Borrogee was terrible. Cathy was so tired that Jack had to tie her to her pony. The pony was tired too, but its courage was astonishing. It followed Jack right to Borrogee Hospital. Nobody saw them arrive because it was night.“I’ve never seen a horse like that pony,” Jack said. Cathy praised Jack Billabong, but she refused to say anything about the pony, “Joe will write about her in his story,” she said.But she did say one th ing: “If flame hadn’t returned to the farm that afternoon, Joe and I would have died.”16. Jack Billabong did not turn back because _____________.A. he hadn’t found the bull yetB. he smelt a heavy smoke in the forestC. he knew there was a burnt man thereD. he saw something moving towards him17. Why was the ride back to Borrogee terrible?A. Because Joe was tired out.B. Because the ride started late at night.C. Because they didn’t have enough courage.D. Because both Cathy and her pony were exhausted.18. Cathy refused to talk to reporters about the pony when she was in Borrogee Hospital because ____________.A. she didn’t know what to sayB. Jack asked her not to talk to themC. she was too weak to say anythingD. Joe would write about it in his writing19. What does the word “flame” in the last paragraph refer to?A. Jack.B. The pony.C. Jack’s horse.D. The fire.20. Which of the following is the best title of the story?A. Rescue of Joe Brook.B. Courage of Jack Billabong.C. Love of a Young Girl.D. Heroism of a Lovely Pony.Passage TwoThe faces of elderly, happily-married people sometimes resemble each other. Dr. Aiken studied a number of couples who had been married for at least twenty-five years. Each couple provided four photographs—one photo of each partner at the time of their marriage and another photo of each partner twenty-five or more years later. All background was cut from the photos to remove any clues. The photos were then displayed in groups: a random grouping of the persons at the time of their marriage and another random grouping of the same persons who took photographs later. Some testees were asked to pick out the partners. They failed totally with the first group. Their judgements were no better than chance. But with the photos taken twenty-five or more years after the marriage, the testees were quite successful with the most happily-married couples.Dr. Aiken believes there are several reasons why couples grow alike. One reason has something to do with imitation. One person tends to copy or do the same as someone else without knowing it. He says human begins to imitate the expressions of the faces of their loved ones. “Another possible reason,” he says, “is the common experience of the couples.” There is a tendency for people who have the same life experience to change their faces in similar ways. For example, if a couple have suffered from a lot of sad experiences, their faces are likely to change in a similar way.21. Dr. Aiken cut the background from the photos for the purpose of __________.A. imitating the couples’ lifeB. grouping the couples againC. leaving no trace for the testeesD. giving the testees more chances22. The underlined sentence “Their judgements were no better than chance” implies that the testees __________.A. did a good job in making their choices.B. had difficulty in picking out the partnersC. had no chance to make the right judgementsD. did better with the first group than with the second23. The underlined word “imitate” (in Para. 2) has a simil ar meaning to __________.A. copyB. changeC. knowD. suffer24. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ___________.A. couples who look alike can live longerB. most partners have been proved to grow alikeC. the influence between partners can be quite strongD. happily-married couples are often richer than others25. The main purpose of the passage is to ___________.A. explain why couples grow alikeB. tell how couples like each otherC. discuss the function of marriageD. describe the life of happily married couplesPassage ThreeThe three biggest lies in America are: (1) “The check is in the mail”, (2) “Of course I’ll respect you in the morning”, and (3) “It was a computer error.”Of these three little white lies, the worst is the third. It’s the only one that can never be true. Today, if a bank statement cheats you out of $ 900 that way, you know what the clerk is sure to say,” It was a computer error.” Nonsense. The computer is reporting nothing more than what the clerk typed into it.The most annoying case of all is when the computerized cashier in the grocery store shows that an item costs more than it actually does. If the innocent buyer points out the mistake, the checker, bagger, and manager all come together and offer the familiar expl anation: “It was a compute error.”It wasn’t, of course that computerized cashier is really nothing more than an electric event. The eye reads the Universal Product Code—chat bar of black and white lines in a corner of the package—and then checks the code against a price list stored in memory. If the price list is right, you’ll be charged accurately.Grocery stores update the price list each day—that is, somebody sits at a keyboard and types in the prices. If the price they type in is too high, there are only two explanations: carelessness or dishonesty. But somehow “a computer error” is supposed to excuse everything.One reason we let people hide behind a computer is the common misperception that huge, modern computers are electric brain with “artificial in telligence.” At some point there might be a machine with intelligence but none exists today. The smartest computer on Earth right now is no more intelligent than your average pen. At this point in the development of computers, the only thing any machine can do is what a human has instructedit to do.26. Of the three lies, the one about computer is the worst because the computer itself __________.A. says nonsenseB. cheats customersC. cannot make the errorD. does not admit its error27. According to the author, a computerized cashier is really just ___________.A. a machine to count moneyB. a machine to receive moneyC. an instrument to print codesD. an instrument to read codes28. Grocery store price lists are updated by ____________.A. a computerB. a keyboardC. an employeeD. an electric brain29. The last paragraph of the passage implies that computers ____________.A. are very cleverB. never make mistakesC. have a good memoryD. are controlled by men30. Which of the following describes the main idea of the passage?A. Computers are stupid and inefficient.B. Computer errors are due to its dishonesty.C. Computers help stores update the price list.D. Computer errors are actually human errors.Passage FourI came across an old country guidebook the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village, and it was impressive to see the past variety of services which were available on one’s own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the villagers or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. On the surface, there has been a decline of village commerce, but its power is still remarkable.Our local grocer’s shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing up at a supermarket. And the grocer knows well that personal service has a considerable cash value.His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will deliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old retired woman who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing. The richer customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are on their doorsteps within an hour. They have only to hint at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer, a red faced-figure, instantly obtains it for them.31. Nowadays the commercial services in the village are ____________.A. still very activeB. quickly decliningC. unable to flourishD. personal to visitors32. The local grocer’s shop is expanding because _____________.A. the competition there is weakB. it is a place for women to chatC. it provides good personal serviceD. the goods there are more valuable33. Which of the following is true about the supermarkets?A. Prices there are much higherB. Customers often have to queue up.C. Customers can order by telephone.D. Their personal services are satisfactory.34. How do the village grocer’s assistants f eel about giving extra service?A. They don’t think it a trouble.B. They don’t think it worthwhile.C. They don’t consider it a good deal.D. They don’t consider it a pleasant experience.35. One special feature of the village shop is that ___________.A. there is a very wide range of goods availableB. customers can order goods by word of mouthC. customer have to order goods one hour earlierD. there is a list of goods to be delivered to doorstepsPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.36. During the heavy storm last week, we had to take __________ under a flyover.A. shadeB. shelterC. shadowD. shield37. The three men were assigned jobs according to their _________ abilities.A. respectfulB. respectableC. respectiveD. respecting38. Scientists have discovered that many animals seem to be highly _________ to various signals associated with earthquakes.A. sensibleB. sensualC. sentimentalD. sensitive39. The lost car of the Johnsons’ was found __________ in the woods of the expressway.A. vanishedB. scatteredC. rejectedD. abandoned40. Our guests will be guided to safety _________ fire.A. as a result ofB. in case ofC. in the sense ofD. for the sake of41. If you want to ring her, you’ll have to _________ her number in the telephone book.A. look atB. look toC. look throughD. look up42. Under the financial crisis, more social problems in the world are certain to __________.A. raiseB. ariseC. be raisedD. be arisen43. After his retirement, he lives partly on his _________ and partly on the interest on his post office savings account.A. wagesB. salaryC. earningsD. pension44. During the ___________, the audience strolled and chatted in the lobby.A. intervalB. pauseC. interruptionD. gap45. Membership in the United Nations is open to all peace-loving states which accept the ________ of the Charter.A. debtB. obligationC. creditD. reliance46. Table tennis used to be the most popular __________ in China. But now basketball seems to be more attractive.A. gameB. matchC. playD. race47. As her husband is on a business trip and her son is at school, she feels rather ___________.A. lonelyB. aloneC. singularD. single48. We need to __________ our camping things before we go away.A. choose fromB. tell fromC. sort outD. set out49. He __________ very quickly from his illness.A. recoveredB. discoveredC. uncoveredD. covered50. If the police had acted with more ____________, the disaster could have been prevented.A. solutionB. determinationC. decisionD. hesitation51. He does not ________ as a teacher of English, for his pronunciation is far from perfect.A. qualifyB. equalC. matchD. deserve52. His __________ reply to the question showed that he had understood it very well.A. proudB. importantC. tenseD. quick53. When he tried to make a __________, he found that the hotel was fully booked.A. reservationB. demandC. claimD. policy54. I expect that she will be able to _________ our particular needs.A. supplyB. reachC. provideD. meet55. During July and August there was no rain for weeks __________.A. on endB. in the endC. at lastD. at length56. ____________ for their support, he would have gone penniless.A. If it is notB. If it isC. Were itD. Were it not57. There __________ in his room.A. are too many furnituresB. is too much furnitureC. are too much furnitureD. is too many furnitures58. I miss the hillside ___________ we found a lot of wild flowers.A. on whichB. by whichC. in whichD. for which59. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill __________ we all sat down to rest.A. whenB. thenC. thanD. until60. By the time Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin walked on the moon in 1969, there ________ many space explorations.A. will have beenB. had beenC. have beenD. must be61. I regret __________ hard at school, or I would have passed the exam.A. to have not workedB. having not workedC. not to have workedD. not having worked62. When the man with glasses came into the hotel, I noticed a __________ look come over the manager’s face.A. surprisedB. surprisingC. surpriseD. surprisingly63. __________ get a better score, he has been making great efforts in his lessons.A. So as toB. In order toC. So that D In order that64. As far as I know, the production of this factory has doubled this year, and the quality of its products has been improved __________.A. since thenB. by thenC. until nowD. as well65 All __________ is an English-Chinese dictionary.A. that you needB. what you needC. which you needD. things you need66. _________ its good performance, the machine is too expensive.A. BesidesB. Except forC. In spite ofD. Apart from67. He looks sleepy. He must _________ to bed very late last night.A. be goneB. be goingC. goD. have gone68. Mrs. White became a teacher in 1990. She _________ for twenty years by next summer.A. will teachB. would have taughtC. has been teachingD. will have taught69. She is __________ a driver as any one else.A. as good asB. as a goodC. so good aD. so a good70. You may write an e-mail to me or just phone me. __________ will do.A. EachB. EitherC. NeitherD. None71. Few people knew his reason for quitting his job was _________ he wanted to go abroad.A. whetherB. whereC. whyD. that72. The teacher asked me __________ us to finish writing the composition.A. how long would it takeB. how long it would takeC. how soon would it takeD. how soon it would take73. It was the third time the villagers _________ interviewed by the radio station.A. have beenB. had beenC. wereD. are74. She came into the room quietly __________ wake her friends.A. so as not toB. so as to notC. not so as toD. so she does not75. I arrived late; I __________ the traffic to be so heavy this morning.A. wasn’t expectingB. wouldn’t expectC. haven’t expectedD. hadn’t expectedPart IV Cloze Test (10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.A headache is one of man’s most common enemies. Most people get headaches from time to time. Probably more than 90% percent of all headaches are 76 by worry or tension. Modern living 77 tensions for everybody, at work, at school and 78 at home. Then, what can we do about tension and worry in our life? 79 , find out what is causing the tension. It may result from feelings or emotions. Do you 80 too much over what people think of you, over your clothes, or about 81 you did? Second, find a way of 82 tension. Gardening, walking, running swimming or any 83 suitable for your age will help. Then, look at your way of life. Ask yourself, where am I going? And why? Learn the 84 of relaxation. Lie down in a dark quiet room and relax 85 much as possible by taking several slow breaths. Let all your muscles relax.76. A. encouraged B. aroused C. caused D. presented77. A. contains B. suffers C. relaxes D. owns78. A. especially B. even C. somehow D. generally79. A. Thus B. However C. First D. Besides80. A. consider B. worry C. care D. imagine81. A. what B. how C. when D. where82. A. improving B. activating C. suffering D. reducing83. A. solution B. activity C. practice D. deed84. A. secret B. mystery C. usefulness D. function85. A. so B. very C. for D. asPaper Two 试卷二（30 minutes）Part V Writing (15 points)Directions: You are to write in 100—120 words on the topic “Choosing Careers”. You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1. 有些人认为家长应该为孩子安排未来的职业；2. 孩子认为应该由自己决定将来的工作；3. 谈谈你的看法。
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基英
1 20个选择20分考了连词时态介词的题是葛底斯堡演讲最后一句单词辨析近义词或者是形近词总体来说还可以没有偏难怪的词但也有拿不准的
2 完型20分有选项讲的是冲突中蕴含文化因素不太难
3 阅读40分两个每个10道题选择题
第一篇讲的是科学理论很难懂，所以出现了一些简明的科普性质的文章它们对于我们理解那些科技理论很有帮助
第二篇讲的是某大学科研人员发现了男女的新的不同点，但他们的观点有失偏颇，然后讲了男女自杀率、女性的压力、男女的不平等，美国青少年中的男女不平等
4 汉译英25分《欣赏自己》英培安的张培基第三本上有几乎是全文译少了一两句
英译汉25分alternate life 出现一种新的教育模式和传统教育不同对孩子的影响生词不多
5 作文20分在美国Black lives matter 和All lives matter 两种观点你赞成哪个350词
法语
1 单选30个30分额感觉不容易有几个涉及词的区分有一个考了“借进”和“借出”这两个词题干都不长但不容易选虚拟式介词tout的用法都考到了
2 阅读30分3个每个5道选择题
第一个讲的是干旱少雨庄稼不长有一个人在地里应该是浇水什么的
第三个讲的是一种现象关于电影的美国和法国比较
第二个实在忘了
3 翻译
汉译法：5个10分
1 玛丽20岁了她想自立她不想管父母要钱
2 我们刚刚做了一个调查对那个工厂的劳动条件（大意是这样）
3 他住在3层楼里有电梯请跟我来如果你愿意的话
4 由于成衣的出现妇女们省了买衣服的钱
额又忘了一个
法译汉
关于一个大学在这个大学力没有成绩学生用四种颜色表示对知识的掌握程度不太难个别句子不太会
4 作文中国近十年来的重大变化你觉得哪些对我们有利哪些不利150到180词
语言学
1 填空15个30分有协同发音那两类考了一个有一个是parole 还有关于test的一个知识点我就只有几个确定的剩下的回忆不起来了
2 简答4个40分
1 inflectional morphemes 分几类举例说明
2 系统功能语法里的transitivity processes 举例说明
3 error的分类
4 给了一个小段落让discourse analysis
3 论述40分关于理论发展对于second language research的影响重要性
4 英译汉40分沙丘和语言类比说明语言在内在结构方面有统一性外表不同。