英语单词commerce的用法和辨析
常用外贸商务词汇整理
mercial adj. 商业的，商务的commercial counsellor 商务参赞commercial counsellors office 商务参赞处commercial attache 商务专员commercial articles 商品commerce n. 商业commerce department 商业部门2.embassy n. ⼤使馆the American Embassy in Beijing 美国驻北京⼤使馆ambassador n. ⼤使，使节3.dealer n. 商⼈retail dealer (or:retailer) 零售商wholesale dealer (or:wholesaler) 批发商deal n. b. 贸易，成交，经营make (or:do) a deal with... 与...做交易deal on credit 信⽤交易，赊帐买卖4.connected with... 与...有联系；与...有关系5.light industrial product 轻⼯业产品petitive adj. 有竞争⼒的competitive price 竞争价格competitive capacity 竞争能⼒competitive power 竞争能⼒competitive edge 竞争优势eg.If your price is competitive, we will place an order with you. 如果你⽅价格有竞争⼒的话，我们将向你⽅发出订单。
Your products has no competitive capacity in our market. 你⽅产品在我市场上没有竞争⼒。
compete v. 竞争～with (or:against) sb. in sth. 在...⽅⾯与某⼈竞争eg.We should compete with other enterprises in the quality of the products. 我们必须在产品的质量⽅⾯与其它企业竞争。
英语单词commerce的用法和辨析
英语单词commerce的用法和辨析“commerce”是“贸易、商业”的意思，除此之外，大家还了解过“commerce”有什么意思吗？下面是店铺为大家整理了英语单词commerce的用法和辨析，希望能帮到大家！一、详细释义：n.贸易；商业；交易 [U]例句：Our country has been trying to broaden its commerce with other nations.我国一直在努力扩大与其他国家的贸易往来。
例句：They dignified and decorated commerce with the splendid virtues of honor and loyalty.他们以信用和忠实的无上美德使商业增色。
（思想，意见，感情的）交流；社交[U]例句：I have little commerce with my neighbors.我和邻居很少来往。
二、词义辨析：business,commerce,trade,bargain,deal这些名词均含“贸易，交易”之意。
business指包括售货、购货、换货在内的综合商业活动，方式可以是批发或零售。
commerce多指大规模的买卖或易货关系。
trade普通用词，含义广。
既可指某种具体的商业又可指广泛的贸易。
bargain多指买卖双方通过谈判、协商就商品质量、数量、价格等项达成协议所成的生意。
deal口语用词，指买卖双方经过交涉达成协议成交。
三、相关短语：chamber of commercen. 商会commerce department【经】商业部department of commerce【经】商业系(科), 商务部interstate commerce commission【经】州际商务委员会四、参考例句：Commerce enriches a nation.商业使一国富足。
Banks are the nerves of commerce.银行是商业的中枢。
生意商业的英文单词
生意商业的英文单词
一、“生意”相关单词。
1. business.
- 英[ˈbɪznəs]
- 词性：n.（名词）
- 例句：He has his own business.（他有自己的生意。
）
2. trade.
- 英[treɪd]
- 词性：n.（名词）；v.（动词）
- 例句：International trade is very important for the economy.（国际贸易对经济非常重要。
）（名词用法）；They trade with many countries.（他们和许多国家进行贸易。
）（动词用法）
3. commerce.
- 英[ˈkɒmɜːs]
- 词性：n.（名词）
- 例句：E - commerce has changed the way of shopping.（电子商务改变了购物方式。
）
二、“商业”相关单词。
1. commercial.
- 英[kəˈmɜːʃl]
- 词性：adj.（形容词）；n.（名词）
- 例句：This is a commercial area.（这是一个商业区。
）（形容词用法）；The TV commercial is very interesting.（这个电视商业广告很有趣。
）（名词用法）
2. mercantile.
- 英[ˈmɜːkəntaɪl]
- 词性：adj.（形容词）
- 例句：The mercantile system has a long history.（商业体系有悠久的历史。
）。
Commerce_商务英语词汇
abandon[2'b9nd2n]v.舍弃；抛弃list[list]n.倾侧;表,一览表;名单numerous['nju:m2r2s]a.众多的,许多的monopoly[m2'n0p2li]n.垄断，专利aboard[2'b0:d]n.船(飞机)上;上船,登机lively['laivli]ad.生动的，活泼的nylon['nail2n]n.尼龙mood[mu:d]n.情绪，心情absolute['9bs2lu:t]a.绝对的；专制的；完全的load[l2ud]v. n.装；加载；负载object['0bd7ikt 2b'd7ekt]n.物,物体;目标;客体mop[m0p]v.擦，洗，抹accident['9ksid2nt]n.事故local['l2uk2l]a.地方的;区域的objective[0b'd7ektiv]a. n.客观的;目标mortgage['m0:gid7]n.抵押accomplish[2'k0mpli6]v.完成location[l2u'kei62n]n.定位;位置oblige[2'blaid7]v.迫使motel[m2u'tel]n.汽车旅客旅馆accountant[2'kaunt2nt]n.会计lodging['l0d7i8]n.寄宿，住宿observe[2b'z2:v]v.观察motive['m2utiv]n. a.动机；发动的account receivable[]应收帐款long-distance[]a.长途的obtain[2b'tein]v.获得；买到mount[maunt]v.登，爬上；装上acknowledgement[2k'n0lid7m2nt]n.承认;告知收到loosen['lu:sn]v.放松；（解，松）开occasion[2'kei72n]n.原因，理由；需要;场合;情况movement['mu:vm2nt]n.运动,移动;(社会)运动acre['eik2]n.英亩loss[l0s]n.丧失；亏损occupation[0kju'pei62nl]n.行业;职业multitude['m3ltitju:d]n.众多,大群active['9ktiv]a.积极的loyal['l0i2l]a.忠诚的occurrence[2'k3r2ns]n.发生，出现muscular['m3skjul2]a.肌肉发达的，强健的adapt[2'd9pt]v.适应;改编lubricate['lju:brikeit]v.润滑odour['2ud2]n.气味mysterious[mis'ti2ri2s]a.神秘的;帮弄玄虚的adequate['9dikwit]a.足够的，恰当的lumber['l3mb2]v.伐木office['0fis]n.办公室namely['neimli]ad.即，就是admit[2d'mit]v.让...进入，接纳；容纳luxurious[l3g'zju2ri2s]a.奢侈，豪华，昂贵omission[2u'mi62n]n.省略;删去narration[n9'rei62n]n.叙述advance[2d'va:ns]n. v.进展；前进machinery[m2'6i:n2ri]n.机械only['2unli]a. ad.仅仅，只natural['n9t62r2l]a.天然的,本来的advantage[2d'va:ntid7]n.优点；优越性magnificent[m9g'nifisnt]a.壮丽，华丽的open an account[]开户nearby['ni2bai]a. ad.附近advertisement[2d'v2:tism2nt]n.广告magnitude['m9gnitju:d]n.巨大;量值大小openly['2up2nli]ad.公开地necessarily['nesis2rili]ad.必定，必然，当然agenda[2'd7end2]n.议事日程main[mein]a.最主要的，最重要的operator['0p2reit2]n.操作人员necessity[ni'sesiti]n.需要,必要性agreement[2'gri:m2nt]n.一致;协议maintain[mein'tein]v.保持；维持opportunity[0p2'tju:niti]n.机会needle['ni:dl]n.针alike[2'laik]a.相像的major['meid72]a.较大的;较多的;较重要的opposite['0p2zit]a.对立的,相对的negative['neg2tiv]a.否定的;反的;负的ally['9lai, 2'lai]n. v.同盟；使结盟make[meik]v.造，制作，使...optional['0p62nl]a.可以任选的negotiate[ni'g2u6ieit]v.谈判；疏通altogether[0:lt2'ge52]ad.完全；总共manager['m9nid72]n.经理；管理人ore[0:]n.矿石neighbourhood['neib2hud]n.邻接；邻居关系；地区ambition[9m'bi62n]n.志向，抱负；野心manipulate[m2'nipjuleit]v.操纵，摆布organize['0:g2naiz]v.组织起来net[net]a.网amuse[2'mju:z]v.逗乐mansion['m9n62n]n.大厦ornament['0:n2m2nt, '0:n2ment]n. v.装饰物；装饰nevertheless[nev252les]ad. conj不过;然而anchor['98k2]n.锚；抛锚，固定manufacture[m9nju'f9kt62]v.（大量）制造，加工ounce[auns]n.盎司,英两nickel['nikl]n.镍币,镍announce[2'nauns]v.宣布，宣告manufacturer[m9nju'f9kt62r2]n.制造商;制造厂outdoors['aut'd0:z]a.户外的，野外的nominate['n0mineit]v.提名,命名anyhow['enihau]ad.无论如何,不管怎样marine[m2'ri:n]a. n.海上的,海运业outlet['aut-let]n.输出口;销路;引出线none[n3n]pron.没有人apartment[2'pa:tm2nt]n.(一套)住宅(住房) market['ma:kit]n.市场,行情outlook['aut-luk]n.眼界,景色normally['n0:m2li]ad.正常地appeal[2'pi:l]v.呼吁;有吸引力marvelous['ma:vil2s]a.惊人的，奇迹般的outstanding[aut'st9ndi8]a.杰出的notation[nou'tei62n]n.标志application[9pli'kei62n]n.申请，申请书mask[ma:sk]n.面罩overall['2uv2r0:l]a.全面的，总体的notice['n2utis]v.注意到appreciate[2'pri:6ieit]v.感激；欣赏massive['m9siv]a.庞大的overestimate['2uv2'restimeit]v.估计过高nought[n0:t]n.零，无approve[2'pru:v]v.赞成，批准masterpiece['ma:st2pi:s]n.杰作，名作overlap[2uv2'l9p]v.重迭novel['n0v2l]a.新颖的arise[2'raiz]v.起来，起应mate[meit]n. v.伙伴,助手,配偶;交配overlook[2uv2'luk]v.监督；指导nowhere['n2uhw/2]ad.任何地方都不arrive[2'raiv]v.到达，抵达某地mature[m2'tju2]a.成熟的overseas['2uve'si:z]a.海外的null[n3l]a.无效的,等于零的Asian['ei62n]a.亚洲的meadow['med2u]n.草地,牧场owe[2u]v.欠；归功于abide[2'baid]v.遵守，坚持(by)assent[2'sent]v.同意;赞成;认可means[mi:nz]n.方法，手段ownership['2un26ip]n.所有权abroad[2'br0:d]ad.到国外,在国外assignable[]a.可转让的; 可过户的meantime['mi:n'taim]ad.与此同时pace[peis]n.（一）步，步态（调）abundant[2'b3nd2nt]a.充裕的associate[2's2u6ieit]v.联系；交往measure['me72]v. n.测量；量度pack[p9k]v.包，捆accommodation[2,k0m2'dei62n]n.（舱室、床位等）招待设施；调停assure[2'6u2]v.使确信，保证mechanic[mi'k9nik]n.机修工,机械工packet['p9kit]n.小包,袋account[2'kaunt]n.帐目,帐户attempt[2'tempt]v.尝试；试图medal['medl]n.奖章，勋章painting['peinti8]n.绘画,油画accounting[2'kaunti8]n.会计学;清算帐目attest[2'test]v.证实;证明medicine['medisin]n.(内服)药pamphlet['p9mflit]n.小册子achieve[2't6i:v]v.获得（胜利），达到（目的）attractive[2'tr9ktiv]a.有吸引力的，动人的melt[melt]v.熔化，融化，溶解paper['peip2]n.纸acquaintance[2'kweint2ns]n.了解; 熟人auditor['0dit2]n.审计员; 查帐员memorial[mi'm0:ri2l]n.纪念物；纪念碑paragraph['p9r2gra:f]n.段落act[9kt]v. n.行动；行为，动作authorization[0:42rai'zei62n]n.授权;批准memorandum(memo)[]n.便笺;备忘录parcel['pa:sl]n.小包;邮包actually['9ktju2li]ad.实际上available[2'veil2bl]a.可用的mention['men62n]v.提及，说起parliament['pa:l2m2nt]n.(英)下议院,国会in addition to[]除...以外averse[2'v2:s]a.不愿意的;嫌恶的merchandise['m2:t62ndaiz]n. v.商品;经商partial['pa:62l]a.偏袒的;部分的adjust[2'd73st]v.调整，校准awfully['0:fuli]ad.异常，非常mercury['m2:kjuri]n.水银particular[p2'tikjul2]a.特殊的，特别的admission[2d'mi62n]n.接纳,收容,允许进入baggage['b9gid7]n.行李mess[mes]n.混乱，一团糟particularly[p2'tikjul2li]ad.特别，尤其advance payment[]预付货款banking['b98ki8]n.银行业;金融metal['metl]n.金属party['pa:ti]n.聚会adverse['9dv2:s]a.逆的,相反的;不利的bargain['ba:gin]v. n.计价还价,成交;买卖合同metre['mi:t2]n.公尺，米passenger['p9sind72]n.乘客，旅客affect[2'fekt]v.影响；感动battery['b9t2ri]n.炮组;电池mighty['maiti]a.强有力的passport['pa:sp0:t]n.护照agency['eid72nsi]n.代理处，代办处beach[bi:t6]n.海滩,湖滨mild[maild]a.温和，温柔的patent['peit2nt]n. a.专利(权),专利的aid[eid]n.援助；辅助beginning[bi'gini8]n.开端，开始mill[mil]n.磨坊;工厂patron['peitr2n]n.保护人；赞助人alloy['9l0i, 2'l0i]n.合金behavior[bi'heivj2]n.行为,表现millionaire[milj2'n/2]n. v.定金;存款;沉淀pause[p0:z]n. v.暂停，中止alternative[0:l't2:n2tiv]a.选择的;选择方案beneath[bi'ni:4]prep. ad在下方mineral['min2r2l]n.矿物,无机物;(pl)矿泉水pavement['peivm2nt]n.人行道amateur['9m2t2:]n. a.业余的,非专业的;业余活动者bet[bet]v.打赌minimum['minim2m]n.最小值payment['peim2nt]n.支付，付款amicable['9mik2bl]a.友善的，和平的bind[baind]v.凝结，凝固minor['main2]a.较小的，较少的peculiar[pi'kju:lj2]a.特别的；奇异的analysis[2'n9l2sis]v.分析blend[blend]v. n.混合，掺合minus['main2s]a. prep.负的,减;负号pedlar['pedl2]n.小贩angle['98gl]n.,角bond[b0nd]n.联结，结合，约束minutes[]n.会议记录penetrate['penitreit]v.穿过，透过，渗透过anticipate[9n'tisipeit]v.预期;预先...bound[baund]v.跳跃，弹起,边界missing['misi8]a.失去的，失踪penny['peni]n.分(美国辅币)apparatus[,9p2'reit2s]n.器械;仪器;装置branch[bra:nt6]n.树枝,分枝misunderstand[mis3nd2'st9nd]v.误解perceive[p2'si:v]v.察觉，领悟apology[2'p0l2d7i]n.道歉，认错broad[br0:d]a.广阔，宽的，辽阔mobile['m2ubail]a.灵活多变的，机动的perfect['p2:fikt, 'p2:fekt]a.完美的；完全的appendix[2'pendiks]n.附录;附庸;盲肠broker['br2uk2]n.经马人,掮客model['m0dl]n.模型performance[p2'f0:m2ns]n.演出;性能appoint[2'p0int]v.任命，指定brush[br36]v. n.刷子；画笔modify['m0difai]v.修饰；更改；缓和periodical[pi2ri'0dik2l]n.期刊approach[2'pr2ut6]v.'接近；与...打交道bulk order[]大宗订购molecule['m0likju:l]n.分子permission[p2(:)'mi62n]n.答应；允许argue['a:gju:]v.争辩bureau['bju2r2u]n.局,署,处monitor['m0nit2]v.班长perpetual[p2'pet6u2l]a.永久的，永恒的arrange[2'reind7]v.安排buy[bai]v.买ability[2'biliti]n.能力；才能personal['p2:s2nl]a.个人的；亲自的article['a:tikl]n.冠词calculate['k9lkjuleit]v.计算，核算，打算absence['9bs2ns]n.缺席；缺乏personnel[p2:s2'nel]n.全体人员，全体职员as pron[]这一点;就这件事can[k9n]n.能accept[2k'sept]v.接受persuade[p2:'sweid]v.说服asset['9set]n.(单项)财产candy['k9ndi]n.糖果accompany[2'k3mp2ni]v.交往；同伴pest[pest]n.害虫,瘟疫assist[2'sist]v.协助capital['k9pitl]n.首都；省会on account of[]因为，由于petroleum[pi'tr2ulj2m]n.石油assume[2'sju:m]v.承担；呈现career[k2'ri2]n.生涯accounts payable[]应付帐款phenomenon[fi'n0min2n]n.现象；奇迹atmosphere['9tm2sfi2]n.大气,大气层;氯氛carry['k9ri]v.运送；手提，肩挑achievement[2't6i:vm2nt]n.功绩；成就phrase[freiz]n.短语;警句attendant[2'tend2nt]n.服务员,侍者in case[]万一;在...情况下; 以防acquire[2'kwai2]v.获得，学到（知识等）picnic['piknik]n.野餐attract[2'tr9kt]v.吸引cast[ka:st]v.投掷action['9k62n]n.行动；作用pillar['pil2]n.柱子audience['0:dj2ns]n.听众，观众；倾听；（正式）接见caution['k0:62n]n.v.谨慎,慎重的ad[9d]n.广告pioneer[pai2'ni2]n.先锋authority[0:'40riti]n.权威,权力censor['sens2]n.监察员address[2'dres]v. n.演说；讲话piston['pist2n]n.活塞automatic[0:t2'm9tik]a.自动化的central['sentr2l]a.中心的，中央的administration[2dminis'trei62n]n.管理;行政机关(署,局) plan[pl9n]n.计划average['9v2rid7]a. n.平均（的*;通常的certain['s2:t2n]a.某种；一定的adopt[2'd0pt]v.采纳pleasure['ple72]n.愉快；满足award[2'w0:d]v.授予challenge['t69l2nd7]v. n.挑战advanced[2d'va:nst]a.先进的；高级的plug[pl3g]n.塞子;插头background['b9kgraund]n.背景chapter['t69pt2]n.章,回advertise['9dv2taiz]v.做广告，宣扬P.M./p.m.[]ad.下午，午后band[b9nd]n.一帮，一伙chart[t6a:t]n.海图;图表afford[2'f0:d]v.提供；出产;付得起poll[p2ul]n. v.投票数；投票，民意测验banquet['b98kwit]n.宴会cheque[t6ek]n.支票agreeable[2'gri2bl]a.同意的；一致的；令人愉快的pollution[p2'lu:62n]n.污染basement['beism2nt]n.地下室choice[t60is]n.选择，挑选airmail['/2meil]n.航空邮件population[p0pju'lei62n]n.人口bazaar[b2'za:]n.集市，市场circular['s2:kjul2]a.圆形的，循环的allowance[2'lau2ns]n.津贴，补助(费)portable['p0:t2bl]a.轻便的because of[]因为citizen['sitizn]n.公民,市民altitude['9ltitju:d]n.（海拔）高度positive['p0z2tiv]a.积极的on behalf of[]代表，为了classify['kl9sifai]v.分类amaze[2'meiz]v.使惊异possession[p2'ze62n]n.占据,占有belong to[bi'l08]vi.属于climate['klaimit]n.气候amount[2'maunt]n. v.合计；总数;相当于possibly['p0s2bli]ad.可能地；也许beneficial[beni'fi62l]a.有益的club[kl3b]n.俱乐部analyse['9n2laiz]v.分析，分解postage['p2ustid7]n.邮费bid[bid]v.表达；喊价；叫牌（体）coin[k0in]n. v.硬币;铸币anniversary[,9ni'v2:s2ri]n.周年纪念potential[p2'ten62l]a. n.潜在的；潜力；电动势，可能的blame[bleim]v.责备,责难collective[k2'lektiv]n.集体anxious['98k62s]a.焦急的，担心的;渴望的power['pau2]n.强权,权力board[b0:d]n.会议桌，全体委员，委员会comfortable['k3mf2t2bl]a.舒服的apart[2'pa:t]ad.分开,离开precede[pri(:)'si:d]v.高于...；先于...border['b0:d2]n.边界commerce['k0m2(:)s]n.商业,贸易apparent[2'p9r2nt]a.明显的; 表面的; 外观的precise[pri'sais]a.精确的，精密的；严谨的bow[bau]v.鞠躬；点头commodity[k2'm0diti]n.日用品applicant['9plik2nt]n.申请者predominant[pri'd0min2nt]a.主要的,占优势的brief[bri:f]a.简短的,短暂的communicate[k2'mju:nikeit]v.传递，传送；通信appointment[2'p0intm2nt]n.约定，约会prefer[pri'f2:]v.更喜欢，宁愿brochure[brou'6u2]n.小册子companion[k2m'p9ni2n]n.同伴;同事approval[2'pru:v2l]n.赞同，批准preferential[pref2'ren62l]a.偏重的bronze[br0nz]n.青铜,古铜comparison[k2m'p9risn]n.比较,对照argument['a:gju:m2nt]n.论据prepare[pri'p/2]v.准备；预备bulb[b3lb]n.电灯泡competition[k0mp2'ti62n]n.竞赛arrangement[2'reind7m2nt]n.安排；筹备；整理prescribe[pris'kraib]v.指示，处方bunch[b3nt6]n.一(束、串)complement['k2mplim2nt]n.补充物,补足物,定额ascertain[9s2'tein]v.查明，确定present['preznt]v. n.礼物on business[]因公，因事comply[k2m'plai]v.服从,照办assembly[2'sembli]n.集会，会议presently['prez2ntli]adv.一会儿，不久cable['keibl]n.电缆;发电报comprise[k2m'praiz]v.包含，包括；构成assign[2'sain]v.分配；指定preserve[pri'z2:v]v.保存；保护camera['k9m2r2]n.照相机;摄象机concentrate['k0ns2ntreit]v.集中assistant[2'sist2nt]n.助手；图书管理员press[pres]v.压cancel['k9ns2l]v.取消，撤消conduct['k0nd2kt, k2n'd3kt]v.引导，传导assumption[2's3mp62n]n.假定；采取prestige[pres'ti:7]n.威望，声望capable['keip2bl]a.有...能力confident['k0nfid2nt]a.有信心的attach[2't9t6]v.附上,贴上;属于prevail[pri'veil]v.流行,盛行,占优势carbon['ka:b2n]n.碳confirmation[k0nf2'mei62n]n.确认;确认书attention[2'ten62n]n.注意price[prais]n.价格carpet['ka:pit]n.地毯connection[k2'nek62n]n.连接;联系attraction[2'tre9k62n]n.有吸引力的人或事物primary['praim2ri]a.初级的;首要的case[keis]n.情况conservation[k0ns2(:)'vei62n]n.保存，保护audit['0:dit]v.审计,查帐principal['prins2p2l]a. n.主要的；主要人物cash[k96]n.现金consignee[k0nsai'ni:]n.收货人;承销人authorize['0:42raiz]v.授权；核准，认可private['praivit]a.私人的,非公开的category['k9tig2ri]n.种类；类目constant['k0nst2nt]a.坚定的，坚贞的automobile['0:t2m2bi:l]n.汽车probable['pr0b2bl]a.可能的，大概的celebrate['selibreit]v.庆祝，赞颂；举行仪式consume[k2n'sju:m]v.消费，消耗on the average[]平均，一般说来process['pr2uses]n.过程per cent[p2'sent]百分之contain[k2n'tein]v.容纳；遏制await[2'weit]vt.等候product['pr0d2kt]n.产物,产品century['sent6uri]n.世纪content['k0ntent, k2n'tent]v.（使）满足badly['b9dli]ad.坏；恶劣地professional[pr2'fe62nl]a.职业的chain[t6ein]n.链，链条；一连串continent['k0ntin2nt]n.大陆banker['b98k2]n.银行主profit['pr0fit]n.利益,利润change[t6eind7]v.变化contracted[k2n'tr9ktid]n.已约定的bar[ba:]n.杠上运动;酒吧profound[pr2'faund]a.深奥的；深厚的；深刻的characteristic[k9rikt2'ristik]n.（个、特）性，特征convenience[k2n'vi:nj2ns]n.方便basic['beisik]a.基本的，基础的;碱的progressive[pr2'gresiv]a.进步的check[t6ek]v.检查；核对convertible[k2n'v2:t2bl]a.可改变的,可兑换的B.C.['bi: si:]公元前project[pr2'd7ekt, 'pr0d7ekt]v. n.规划，设计；工程childhood['t6aildhud]n.幼年(时代)，童年co-operative[]a.合作的beforehand[bi'f0:h9nd]ad.预先，事先promising['pr0misi8]a.有希望的，有前途的circle['s2:kl]n.圆cordial['k0:dj2l]a.诚恳，亲切，热诚behave[bi'heiv]v.举止,表现promotion[pr2'm2u62n]n.推销circulation[s2:kju'lei62n]n.循环，流通，传播correspondence[k0ris'p0nd2ns]n.一致;通信;相应below[bi'l2u]ad. prep在下面；向下proof[pru:f]v.检验；校对claim[kleim]v.声称；要求council['kaunsil]n.理事会bestow[bi'st2u]v.把...赠与，把...授予;花费property['pr0p2ti]n.性质，性能clerk[kla:k, kl2:k]n.职员,店员course[k0:s]n.进程bill[bil]n.招贴，广告proposal[pr2'p2uz2l]n.提议，建议clinic[klinik]n.诊所craft[kra:ft]n.技艺,工艺blank[bl98k]n.空白;完全的;没有表情的prosperity[pr0s'periti]n.繁荣；昌盛coast[k2ust]n.海岸creditor['kredit2]n.贷方,债权人on board[]在船上,在飞机上proprietor[pr2'prai2t2]n.所有者collect[k2'lekt]v.聚集critical['kritik2l]a.临界的boss[b0s]n.老板protest[pr2'test, 'pr2utest]v.抗议`反对combination[k0mbi'nei62n]n.结合cubic['kju:bik]a.立方体的box[b0ks]n.盒子provision[pr2'vi72n]n.给养，口粮commend[k2'mend]v.称赞；推荐current['k3r2nt]a.流行的;当前的brilliant['brilj2nt]a. n.光辉的,辉煌的;卓越的;宝石publication[p3bli'kei62n]n.发表;出版物commission[k2'mi62n]n.委员会custom['k3st2m]n.习俗,惯例broken['br2uk2n]a.破碎的，破坏了的pump[p3mp]n.泵，抽水机in common[]共用，共有cylinder['silind2]n.圆柱体brown[braun]n. a.棕色punishment['p3ni6m2nt]n.惩罚community[k2'mju:niti]n.社区,社会daring['d/2ri8]a.胆大的，敢作敢为bulk[b3lk]n.大块;体积;大量pure[pju2]a.纯净的；纯洁的comparative[k2m'p9r2tiv]a.比较的，相当的up to date[]直支最挥;最近的burden['b2:dn]v.便负担purple['p2:pl]n. a.紫色compete[k2m'pi:t]v.竞争,比赛debit['debit]v.借方;将...记入借方button['b3tn]n.钮扣pursue[p2'sju:]v.追赶，追求，从事complain[k2m'plein]v.抱怨deceive[di'si:v]v.欺骗，欺诈cafeteria[k9fi'ti2ri2]n.自助食堂qualification[kw0lifi'kei62n]n.资格;合格证;规定complicated['k0mplikeitid]a.结构复杂的;难懂的decline[di'klain]v.下倾,下降campaign[k9m'pein]n.战役；（政治或群众）运动quality['kw0liti]n. a.质量；合格的composition[k0mp2'zi62n]n.作文；写作deem[di:m]v.认为；相信candidate['k9ndidit]n.候选人，报考者quarantine['kw0r2nti:n]n. v.(被隔离)检疫computer[k2m'pju:t2]n.计算机，电子计算机definition[defi'ni62n]n.定义capacity[k2'p9siti]n.能力;容量quarter['kw0:t2]n.一刻钟，四分之一conclude[k2n'klu:d]b.得出结论，议定delay[di'lei]v.延迟；耽搁card[ka:d]n.卡片；名片quartz[kw0:ts]n.石英conference['k0nf2r2ns]n.（正式）会议delight[di'lait]v.使高兴carrier['k9ri2]n.带菌者;载体;航空母舰questionnaire[kwest62'n/2]n.调查表confine[k2n'fain]n.限制；使不出门demonstrate['dem2nstreit]v.说明，论证，证实,表示in any case[]无论如何，总之quiet['kwai2t]a.安静的，平静的congratulate[k2n'gr9tjuleit]v.祝贺depend on[]依赖，依靠cassette[ka:'set]n.盒子,盒式磁带,暗盒quotation[kw2u'tei62n]n.引证;行情;报价单consequence['k0nsikw2ns]ad.因而,所以depth[dep4]n.深度cause[k0:z]n.原因radical['r9dik2l]a.（政治的）激进的considerate[k2n'sid2rit]a.考虑周到的，体谅的deserve[di'z2:v]v.应受，值得cement[si'ment]n.水泥;胶粘剂rainbow['reinb2u]n.虹consist[k2n'sist]v.存在于...despite[dis'pait]prep.不管，不顾centigrade['sentigreid]a.百分度的,摄氏温度的raise['reiz]v.使升高;提高;增加construction[k2n'str3k62n]n.建筑,建造determinable[di't2:min2bl]a.可确定的ceremony['serim2ni]n.典礼，仪式；礼节random['r9nd2m]a.随便的；任意的；随机的consumption[k2n's3mp62n]n.消费device[di'vais]n.装置,器件chair[t6/2]n.椅子rank[r98k]n.军衔contemplate['k0ntempleit]v.凝视；沉思diameter[dai'9mit2]n.直径channel['t69nl]n.航道,水道;海峡rarely['r/2li]ad.难得,很少context['k0ntekst]n.(文章的)上下文,前后关系dictation[dik'tei62n]n.口授笔录，听写charge[t6a:d7]v. n.装满（电荷、负荷），使承受责任at any rate[]不管如何continuous[k2n'tinju2s]a.连续不断的digest[di'd7est, 'daid7est]n.文摘chemical['kemikl]a.化学的would rather[]宁愿,但愿contrast['k0ntr9st, k2n'tr9st]v.对比，对照diminish[di'mini6]v.使减少;缩小china['t6ain2]n.瓷器,瓷料rational['r962nl]a.理性的，合理的convenient[k2n'vi:nj2nt]a.方便的directly[di'rektli]ad.径直地；直接地circuit['s2:kit]n. v.环行;绕行;电路ray[rei]n.光线,射线convince[k2n'vins]v.使确信；使认识（错误等）disappointed[dis2'p0intid]a.失望的circumstance['s2:k2mst2ns]n.情况react[ri'9kt]v.起作用；起反应copper['k0p2]n.铜discovery[dis'k3v2ri]a.发现;发现物classic['kl9sik]n.名著，杰作reality[ri'9liti]n.现实corporation[k0:p2'rei62n]n.公司,法人团体display[dis'plei]v.展示，显示client['klai2nt]n.委托人；当事人；顾客reasonable['ri:zn2bl]a.有道理的cost[k0st]v.花费，价值distance['dist2ns]n.距离closet['kl0zit]n.私室;密室;小房间receipt[ri'si:t]n.收到；收据；收入count on[]依靠，指望distribute[dis'tribju:t]v.分发，散布code[k2ud]n.法典,准则receiver[ri'si:v2]n.接受者;接收机courtesy['k2:tisi]n.礼貌，谦恭divisible[di'viz2bl]a.可分的;可割的collection[k2'lek62n]n.收集reception[ri'sep62n]n.接待，欢迎creative[kri(:)'eitiv]a.创造性的;引起的dollar['d0l2]n.美元combine[k2m'bain]v. n.（使）联合；兼有；集团recipe['resipi]n.烹饪法;处方;菜谱crisis['kraisis]n.危机;转折点dot[d0t]n.圆点comment['k0ment]n. vi.评论reciprocal[ri'sipr2k2l]a.互惠的，互相的crystal['kristl]n.水晶draft[dra:ft]v. n.[美]征兵；分遣队committee[k2'miti]n.委员会recognition[rek2g'ni62n]n.认识curl[k2:l]v.(使)卷曲,卷缩drawee[dr0:'i:]n.受票人; (汇票)付款人commonly['k0m2nli]ad.一般地;共同地recommendation[rek2men'dei62n]n.建议，劝告，推荐curve[k2:v]n. v.曲线;(使)弯曲duly['dju:li]adv.按时,及时地compact['k0mp9kt, k2m'p9kt]a.紧凑的，紧密的recorder[ri'k0:d2]n.录音机cut back[]削减，减少during['dju2ri8]prep.在...期间compare[k2m'p/2]v.比较rectangle['rekt98gl]n.长方形、矩形dam[d9m]n.水坝dwelling['dweli8]n.住所competent['k0mpit2nt]a.有能力的,应该做的,足够的reduction[ri'd3k62n]n.减少，缩小date['deit]n.日期earnings['2:ni8z]n.收入,利润complaint[k2m'pleint]n.抱怨；控告；疾病refer[ri'f2:]v.把...归于;提到deadline['dedlain]n.期限,有效期effect[i'fekt]n.结果；影响；效果compliment['k0mplim2nt]n. v.赞美的话；祝贺，致意reference['ref2r2ns]v.参考;提及,提交;关联debtor['det2]n.借方,债务人effort['ef2t]n.努力，尽力comprehensive[k0mpri'hensiv]a.综合的;有理解力的reflection[ri'flek62n]n.反对；水中映像declaration[dekl2'rei62n]n.宣告，宣布，宣言electrical[i'lektrik2l]a.电的，电气科学的conceive[k2n'si:v]v.想象，设想refrigerator[ri'frid72reit2]n.冰箱decrease[di'kri:s, 'di:kri:s]v.减少elementary[eli'ment2ri]a.基础的，初步的conclusion[k2n'klu:72n]n.结束；结论regard[ri'ga:d]v.注重，注意,认为,问候defence[di'fens]n.防御；保卫embarrass[im'b9r2s]v.使为难，使窘迫confidence['k0nfid2ns]n.信心regardless of[]不管degrade[di'greid]v.降级；使堕落emphasize['emf2saiz]v.强调；重压confirm[k2n'f2:m]v.认可，批准register['red7ist2]v.登记,注册delicate['delikit]a.精美的employment[im'pl0im2nt]n.职业,工作congress['k08gres]n.大会,国会(美)regular['regjul2]a.有规律的；固定的;定期的delivery[di'liv2ri]n.传递，传送，交付endeavour[in'dev2]v.努力，力求consequently['k0nsikw2ntli]ad.因此regulation[regju'lei62n]n.规定，规则department[di'pa:tm2nt]n.部门,系endow[in'dau]v.捐赠consign[k2n'sain]v.把...托付给,寄存relate[ri'leit]v.叙述deposit[di'p0zit]v.存放，寄存engage[in'geid7]v.雇（聘）用；从事于consistent[k2n'sist2nt]a.坚固的，坚实的；始终如一的relative['rel2tiv]a. n.亲戚;相对的derive[di'raiv]v.导致enjoy[in'd70i]v.喜欢；享受...乐趣consult[k2n's3lt]v.商议；请教；查阅（字典等）relay['ri:lei]v.换班，接力，中继desirable[di'zai2r2bl]a.全乎需要的;便利的ensure[in'6u2]v.保障；保险contact['k0nt9kt, k2n't9kt]v.（使）接触reliable[ri'lai2bl]a.可靠的detail['di:teil]n.细节entertainment[ent2'teinm2nt]n.娱乐contemporary[k2n'temp2r2ri]a.当代的relieve[ri'li:v]v.救；解除develop[di'vel2p]v.发展envelope['env2l2up]n.信封context['k0ntekst]n.(文章的)上下文,前后关系reluctant[ri'l3kt2nt]a.不愿的,勉强的, diagram['dai2gr9m]n. v.图表;用图解法表示equality[i(:)'kw0liti]n.同等，平等contract['k0ntr9kt, k2n'tr9kt]v.使收缩;皱remain[ri'mein]v.剩下,余留;保持diary['dai2ri]n.日记；日记簿essential[i'sen62l]a.基本的，必不可少的contribute[k2n'tribju(:)t]v.贡献remarkable[ri'ma:k2bl]a.显著的on diet[]节食etc.[it'setr2]等待conversation[k0nv2'sei62n]n.谈话;会话remit[ri'mit]v.宽恕；赦免diligent['dilid72nt]a.勤勉的，用功的evidence['evid2ns]n.明显；证据co-operate[]v.合作;协作rent[rent]v. n.租用；出租；租金diplomatic[dipl2'm9tik]a.外交的example[ig'za:mpl]n.例子；榜样copy['k0pi]n. v.副本replace[ri'pleis]v.取代disadvantage[dis2d'va:ntid7]n.缺点except[ik'sept]prep.除...之外correspond[k0ris'p0nd]v.通信report[ri'p0:t]n. v.报告,汇报discharge[dis't6a:d7]v. n.解散excessive[ik'sesiv]a.过度的costly['k0stli]a.昂贵，豪华representative[repri'zent2tiv]n.代表；象征dislike[dis'laik]n. v.不喜欢；厌恶execution[eksi'kju:62n]n.实行;实施courageous[k2'reid72s]a.勇敢的reputation[repju(:)'tei62n]n.名誉；声望dispute[dis'pju:t]v.争辨,争执;争夺exhibit[ig'zibit]v.展览，展出cover['k3v2]n.封面require[ri'kwai2]v.需要；要求distinction[dis'ti8k62n]n.区别,差别;级别expect[iks'pekt]v.期待；指望credit['kredit]n.,v.信任；信用research[ri's2:t6]v.调查；研究district['distrikt]n.区域expire[iks'pai2]v.终止,到期criterion[krai'ti2ri2n]n.准则resemble[ri'zembl]v.像，类似dock[d0k]v.削减(费用)exploration[ekspl0:'rei62n]n.考察, 探索cube[kju:b]n.立方体reserve[ri'z2:v]v.贮备，保存dominate['d0mineit]v.支配，统治extend[iks'tend]v.伸延currency['k3r2nsi]n.通货,货币residence['rezid2ns]n.住处，住宅doubtful['dautful]a.怀疑的external[eks't2:nl]a.外部的，[药]外用的cushion['ku62n]n.坐垫resign[ri'zain]v.辞（职）；放弃dramatic[dr2'm9tik]a.戏剧(性)的extremely[iks'tri:mli]ad.极，非常cut down[]削减，减少，降低resolute['rez2lju:t]a.坚决的drawing['dr0:i8]n.图(指素描或工程图) factor['f9kt2]n.因素；因子damage['d9mid7]v. n.损坏resolve[ri'z0lv]v.解决；分解durable['dju2r2bl]a.耐用的failure['feilj2]n.失败；失灵out of date[]过时的，陈旧的resource[ri's0:s]n.资源；办法，智谋off duty[]下班fake[feik]v.n.伪造；虚构；赝品debate[di'beit]v.争论respective[ris'pektiv]a.个别的,各个的eager['i:g2]a.渴望的；热心的as far as[]至于;就...;直到decade['dekeid]n.十年;十个(天) response[ris'p0ns]v.回答；响应economy[i(:)'k0n2mi]n.经济fashionable['f962n2bl]a.流行的，时髦的declare[di'kl/2]v.宣布responsible[ris'p0ns2bl]a.负责的effective[i'fektiv]a.有效的feature['fi:t62]n.外貌，特征dedicate['dedikeit]v.奉献，专用restore[ris't0:]v.寻回;恢复;重建elaborate[i'l9b2rit]v.精心制作female['fi:meil]a.女性的,雌的define[di'fain]v.限定result[ri'z3lt]n.结果,效果elegant['elig2nt]a.优雅的file[fail]n. v.文卷;归档degree[di'gri:]n.等级，程度resume[ri'zju:m]v.再开始,再继续;恢复elevator['eliveit2]n.电梯，升降机finance[fai'n9ns, fi-]n.财政,金融delicious[di'li62s]a.芳香的,可口的;妙的retailer['ri:teil2]n.零售商emergency[i'm2:d72nsi]a.紧急事件,紧急情况fiscal['fisk2l]a.国库的,财政的demand[di'ma:nd]v.要求retire[ri'tai2]v.退却，引退，退休employee[empl0i'i:]n.雇员flexible['fleks2bl]a.柔韧的；灵活的departure[di'pa:t62]n.出发;背离in return[]作为报答enclose[in'kl2uz]v.围住,封入flour['flau2]n.面粉,粉deprive[di'praiv]v.剥夺reveal[ri'vi:l]v.展现；揭示，揭露endorsement[in'd0:sm2nt]n.背书;变更保险范围的条款fold[f2uld]v.折叠description[dis'krip62n]n.描写;况明书reverse[ri'v2:s]v. n.颠倒;相反energy['en2d7i]n.(物)能,能量foodstuff[]n.食品，食料dispatch[dis'p9t6]n.急件;快件revise[ri'vaiz]v.修改；校订engine['end7in]n.发动机；机车foreign['f0rin]a.外国的detain[di'tein]v.使留住，阻住；拘留reward[ri'w0:d]n.酬金,奖enormous[i'n0:m2s]a.巨大的forgive[f2'giv]v.原谅，宽恕development[di'vel2pm2nt]n.发展rise[raiz]v.升高；增长enterprise['ent2praiz]n.事业;企业formula['f0:mjul2]n.公式,程式dial['dai2l]n. v.日晷;电话拨号盘,刻度盘;拨号risk[risk]n. v.风险；冒险entrance['entr2ns]n.进入，入口fortune['f0:t62n]n.命运;运气;财产dictate[dik'teit]v.规定robot['r2ub0t]n.机器人epoch['i:p0k]n.(新)纪元,(新)时代foundation[faun'dei62n]n.基础；基金differential[dif2'ren62l]a.微分的roll[r2ul]v.滚动equivalent[i'kwiv2l2nt]n. a.等价；等值的frame[freim]n.构架,框架dimension[di'men62n]n.尺寸;空间维数route[ru:t]n.路；路线estate[is'teit]n.等级;阶层freight[freit]n.货物,货运,货车direction[di'rek62n]n.方向；指导row[r2u]n.排，行event[i'vent]n.事件，重大事件friendly['frendli]a.友好的disagree[dis2'gri:]vi.意见不同；不一致ruby['ru:bi]n.红宝石exact[ig'z9kt]v.确切的fully['fuli]ad.完全地;足足discount['diskaunt]n. v.折扣;打折扣rule[ru:l]v. n.规则；规定excel[ik'sel]v.胜过;杰出fundamental[f3nd2'mentl]a.基本的，根本的dismiss[dis'mis]v.解雇，开除run[r3n]v.跑exceptional[ik'sep62nl]a.特殊的;额外的furniture['f2:nit62]n.家具dissolve[di'z0lv]v.分解，使溶解rust[r3st]n. v.锈；生锈exclude[iks'klu:d]v.排除gain[gein]v. n.获得；获利distinguish[dis'ti8gwi6]v.区别；识别safe[seif]n.安全的exert[ig'z2:t]v.尽力，努力；使用权力garage['g9ra:7]n.车库dividend['dividend]n.股息,红利;被除数sake[seik]n.目的;缘故existence[ig'zist2ns]n.存在gather['g952]v.聚集document['d0kjum2nt]n.文件salary['s9l2ri]n.薪水expensive[iks'pensiv]a.昂贵的generally['d7en2r2li]ad.一般地dose[d2us]v. n.给...服药;剂量on sale[]上市，出售explanation[ekspl2'nei62n]n.解释，说明geographical[d7i2'gr9fik2l]a.地理学上的，地理的dozen['d3zn]n.一打same[seim]a.同样的express[iks'pres]v. a.表达；可表达的；明确的globe[gl2ub]n.地球,天体draw[dr0:]v.画，绘制sample['sa:mpl]n. v.样品，取样extensive[iks'tensiv]a.广博的，广泛的gold[g2uld]n.金子due[dju:]a.应当的satisfaction[s9tis'f9k62n]n.满意extraneous[eks'treinj2s]a.体外的；外来的；外部的govern['g3v2n]v.统治duration[dju2'rei62n]n.持久，持续时间saving['seivi8]n.储蓄face value[]票面价值;票面额graduate['gr9djueit]n. a.大学毕业后的;研究生on duty[]值班，当班scale[skeil]v.标度；比例尺；规模；攀登Fahrenheit['f9r2nhait]n. a.华氏温度grateful['greitful]a.感激的earn[2:n]v.赚得scarce[sk/2s]a.缺乏的;稀有的faith[fei4]n.信任；信仰greeting['gri:ti8]n.欢迎,致敬,问候edition[i'di62n]n.版本scarcity['sk/2siti]n.缺乏fame[feim]n.名声gross[gr2us]a.总的，全部的；十足的efficient[i'fi62nt]a.效率高，有能力scarlet['ska:lit]n. a.猩红色,鲜红farther['fa:52]a.较远；更远guidance['gaid2ns]n.引导，指导elastic[i'l9stik]a.弹性的scenery['si:n2ri]n.风景,背景favour['feiv2]n.喜爱；赞许gulf[g3lf]n.海湾;深渊element['elim2nt]n.元素;元件;因素on schedule[]按预定时间fee[fi:]n.费用。
大学英语四六级考试易混淆的近形单词(中)
tip: 读音完全一致，但是字形不同，词义也完全不同哦~
66. strive | stride
strive stride tip: [straɪv] v. 努力，奋斗；反抗，斗争 [straɪd] n. 大步，一跨步 v. 迈大步走 take a giant stride for/in… 在…（方面）进了一大步
['kæpɪtl] n. 首都，省会；资产；大写字母
8
tip: 发音一致，连字形也很像。不过一个是建筑，另一个则更“重要” （又是首都又是钱的）
74. casual | causal
casual ['kæʒjʊəl] causal ['kɔːzl] n. 便装 adj. 偶然的，便装的 adj. 原因的；因果的
tip: stationer 是“文具店、文具商”
70. loose | lose | loss | lost
loose lose loss [luːs] [luːz] [lɒs] v. 变松；开火 adj. 宽松的；不精确的 adv. 松散地 v. 遗失；错过；受损失；失败
n. 损失；失败；遗失
7
61. through | thorough | though | thought
through thorough though thought [θruː] ['θɜrəʊ] [ðəʊ] adv. 从头到尾 prep. 从头到尾；以, 凭借；通过
adj. 十分的，彻底的
conj. 虽然；尽管 adv. 虽然，可是 n. 思考，思想，想法
55. require | inquire | enquire | acquire
require inquire enquire acquire [rɪ'kwaɪə(r)] [ɪn'kwaɪə(r)] v. 需要，要求，命令 v. 询问；调查
商务英语相关词汇解析
商务英语相关词汇解析一、business and businesses商业和公司a business,company,or firm is an organization that sells goods or services .a business may also be referred to formally as a concern.business is the production,buying,and selling of goods and services.a business may be referred to approvingly as an enterprise to emphasize its adventurous, risk-taking qualities, and business in general may be referred to in the same way, for example in combinations such as free enterprise and private enterprise.business is also referred to as commerce. this word, and its related adjective commercial, are often used to distinguish the business sphere from other areas such as government or the arts, or to distinguish it from nonmoney-making activities.注释：business 商业；生意；公司 company 公司；商号firm (合伙的)商号；商行 concern 康采恩（垄断企业形式之一）commerce 商业；商务 commercial 商业的；商务的；商用的enterprise 企事业单位 free enterprise 自由企业private enterprise 私人企业二、from multinationals to small firms 从跨国公司到小型企业large companies are referred to as corporations, especially in the united states. corporate is used to describe things relating to a corporation, or to corporations in general, in expressions like the ones in the next exercise. large companies operating in many countries are multinationals.big business can refer to large business organizations or to any business activity that makes a lot of money. small companies are referred to as small businesses or small firms.unlike some languages, english does not have an everyday term for small and medium-sized companies, apart from this rather clumsy expression.注释：corporation 大公司；股份有限公司 corporate 法人；团体multinational 跨国的；多国的 big business 大型企业；大公司small and medium sized companies中小规模的公司small business 小公司 small firm 小公司三、industries and sectors 工业及其部门businesses may be classified according to which industry they are in: for example construction, oil, banking, food.sector is sometimes used to mean industry in the same way, particularly by specialists such as financial journalists, but it is more often used to talk about different parts of the economy in combinations such as public sector and private sector, or about types of business in expressions like service sector and manufacturing sector.注释：industry 工业；产业 sector 部门；部分public sector 公共部门 private sector 私营部门manufacturing sector 制造部门 service sector 服务部门四、public sector and private 公共部门和私营部门when a private company is bought by the state and brought into the public sector, it is nationalized in a process of nationalization. a nationalized company is state-owned. when the state returns a company to the private sector in a sell-off, it is privatized. this is privatization.the first to be sold off in a privatization program are often the companies responsible for the public supply of electricity,water and gas: the utilities.注释：nationalized 国有化的 nationalization 国有化privatized 私有化的 privatization 私有化state-owned 国有的 sell off 廉价出清utilities 公用事业；公用事业部门五、stakes 份额；股份if company a owns shares or equity in company b, a has or holds a stake, holding or shareholding in b. if a owns less than half the shares in b, it has a minority stake in b.if a owns more than half the shares in b, it has a majority stake or controlling stake in b. if you have shares in a company you are a shareholder.注释：shares/stake 份额；股份 equity 股份；产权；普通股票holding 持有；股票额 shareholding 持有股票数shareholder 股东 hold a stake 持有份额majority stake 大股东（50%以上） controlling stake 大股东minority stake 小股东原作者： mba100商务英语重点词汇(2)一、parents and sisters 母公司和姐妹公司a holding or holding company is one that holds stakes in one or more subsidiaries. if it owns all the shares in a subsidiary, the subsidiary is a wholly-owned one.a holding company´s relationship to its subsidiaries is that of parent company, and the subsidiaries relationship to each other is that of sister companies. a holding and its subsidiaries form a group.a conglomerate is a group containing a lot of different companies in different businesses. journalists also refer to large groups as giants.注释：holding company 控股公司 subsidiary 子公司wholly-owned subsidiary 全资子公司 parent company 母公司sister company 姐妹公司 group 集团公司conglomerate 联合大企业giant 大企业；企业巨人（新闻用语）二、predators,raiders,and white knights 掠夺者、抢劫者和善意合作者the takeover process is often described in terms of one animal hunting another: a company or individual seeking to take over another company may be referred to as a predator, and the target company as the prey. predators are also referred to as raiders or corporate raiders.a company wishing to resist, ward off, or fend off being taken over has a number of options. it may devise plans that give existing shareholders special rights, or it may make itself less attractive to bidders by selling off a valuable part of the company, or holding on to an unattractive one. actions like these are poison pills.or it may persuade a friendly partner, a white knight, to take a stake in the company, thus preventing a complete takeover by a hostile bidder. bidders may agree to withdraw their bid if paid enough money for the shares they hold in the target company. this is green mail.注释：predator 掠夺者(恶意吞并其它企业) prey 猎物(被恶意并购的企业)raider 掠夺者(恶意并购其它企业) corporate raider 合伙掠夺者fend off a bid 阻止收购 ward off a bid 阻止收购poison bill毒药(公司通过给予股东某些特权、或卖掉部分有价值资产，而持有或购进价值不大的资产，从而减少自己对并购公司的吸引力)white knight指购买公司部分股份以免遭兼并企业完全兼并的善意和或者。
大学英语常用词汇词义辨析(2)
大学英语词汇词义辨析（2）林明金base, basis, foundation, ground基础[辨析]base指“物体的底部或基础，或军事或工业方面的基地”。
basis指“信念、议论等的依据”。
foundation指“大建筑物的地下基础，可引申为根据”。
ground指“一些决定、论点或关系的基础”。
[例证]1.This iron stand has a rectangular base.这个铁架的底为长方形。
2.His proposal shall furnish the basis of our discussion.他的提议应成为我们讨论的依据。
1.It affords a good foundation of older ideas and beliefs. 这是一个可以建造多层高楼的好地基。
2.The grounds for his decision were never clearly stated.他从来没有清楚说出他的决定所依据的理由。
begin, commence, start 开始[辨析]begin指“开始某一行动、工作”，是一个普通词。
commerce指“有正式程序或一定仪式的开始”，是书面语。
start更口语化，有较强的动感。
[例证]1.The building hasn’t even been begun.这座建筑物还没有开工呢。
2.The mass meeting commenced in Tiananmen's Square at 8 o'clock.群众大会八时在天安门开始。
3.We must start early.我们必须早些动身。
beneficial, advantageous, profitable带来益处和收获的[辨析]beneficial指“促进健康、感情或社会福利方面的益处”。
advantageous指“有利的，有助的，有益于理想或目的”。
四六级核心词汇辨析及做题方法技巧(高频考点)
blaze，flame两词在作名词讲时为“火焰”的意思。
blaze是比flame强烈的火焰，即“烈火”。
blaze在具体表达上也与flame不同，flame常用复数。
1．the fire burned slowly at first，but soon burst into a blaze．起初火着得挺慢，但很快就成了一片火海。
2．my nephew committed all the letters from his girl friend to the flames．我侄儿把他女朋友给他的所有的信件都付之一炬。
envisage，visualize两个词都可以译成“设想”。
envisage不是视觉效果的想像，而是对将来的一种预测，可用foresee或foretell来解释；visualize是指视觉的想像，在脑子里勾画出picture，可用 imagine来解释。
1．nobody can envisage the consequences of total nuclear war．没人能想像出全面核战争的后果。
2．i can't envisage the plan's working．我无法设想计划能否行得通。
3．i remember meeting him but i just can't visualize him．我记得我见过他，可就是想不起他的样子。
4．jerry visualized the house as a romantic ruin．杰瑞把那所房子想像成有传奇色彩的废墟。
epoch ，eraepoch“新时代，纪元“，不指历史中的朝代或统治时代，指以某重大事件或巨大变化为起点的新的历史时期；era指历史上的“独立时代，统治时代”。
1．the bombing of hiroshima marked anepoch in man's history．广岛原子弹的爆炸标志着人类历史进入到了一个新纪元。
常见商务词汇
常见商务词汇（1）1. abatement n. 减（免）税，打折扣，冲销The purchaser shall not be entitled to any ~ or reduction in the purchase price.购货人无权减少或降低购价。
2. absorb v. 吸收；吸引…的注意力；吞并；兼并In the past 10 years, the company has gradually ~ ed all its smaller rivals.10年以来，该公司逐步吞并了所有比它小的竞争对手。
3. accept v. 接受；承认；认可；承兑（票据等）They should ~ the draft drawn upon them.他们应该承兑向他们开出的汇票。
4. acceptance n. 接受，接纳；承认；（票据等的）承兑Shipment will be made within 15 days from ~ of your order.接受订单后15天内交货。
5. accommodation n. 住宿，膳宿；通融；贷款Buyer shall provide consultants at its own expense with ~ , facilities and services to assist them work effectively.买方应出资为顾问提供膳宿、设施与服务，以便协助顾问有效地工作。
6. account n. 叙述，说明；账目，账户v. 说明，解释（原因等）The ~ will be used for payments under L\C, collections and remittances.本帐户用于信用证、托收和汇款的结算。
7. accounting n. 会计，会计学；借贷对照表He is expert in ~, the work of recording money paid, received, borrowed or owed.他精通记录付款、收款、借入款或欠款的会计工作。
词语辨析【经贸英语类似词语辨析】
词语辨析【经贸英语类似词语辨析】在对外经贸业务交往中，书面英语是人们交流时广泛使用的工具。
人们在熟练掌握这种语言文体和表达技能的同时，正确理解和使用其中的专业词语对于业务交流的畅通，业务关系的发展有非常重要的重用。
下面就一些常用且易误用的类似词作一对比分析。
1．commodity/product/goods/cargo/shipments做生意,一般离不开商品,货物,因此这类单词在经贸英语中处处可见，形式也多样，这里介绍使用频率较高的几个。
Commodity 表商品，是较正式的用语，通常指较大范围的商品：The world commodity price has gone up.（全世界商品价格已上涨）；product 指农产品、工业产品、天然产品：we mainly export light industrial products.（我们的出口以轻工产品为主）；Goods指货物，永远用复数形式，不能和数词连用：The goods enquired for are not available at present.（所询之货目前不能供应）；说到与装运有关的货物时用cargo（船货）,单、复数均可：The cargo ex s.s.“Tianjin“ has been inspected and found satisfactory.（由天津轮卸下之货经过检验，认为满意）；shipments由动词ship（装运）加后缀ment构成，表运出或运来的货物：we note that you wish us to insure the shipments to you against F.P.A（我们得知你们希望我们将运给你们的货物投保平安险）2．quote / Offer/bid有商品、货物要出售，需quote(报价)和Offer(报盘)。
这两个汉语意思很接近的词，在业务内涵上不尽相同。
报价一般是指报货物的单价，如quote a price for Color TV at US$80.00 per set CIF London(报彩电成本加运费保险费到伦敦价每台80美元),而报盘涉及的内容更多,它不仅包括品名、规格、数量、单价、还包括装运期/交货期，支付条件，包装等。
【推荐】精选商务英语口语词汇详解-实用word文档 (2页)
【推荐】精选商务英语口语词汇详解-实用word文档
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精选商务英语口语词汇详解
merce n.商业，贸易
【商务用语】co-operative commerce 合作商业
handwork commerce 手工艺商业
international commerce 国际商务
oversea commerce 海外贸易
【例句】Our country has been trying to broaden its commerce with other nations.
我国一直在努力扩大与其他国家的贸易往来。
mercial adj.商业的，贸易的
【商务用语】commercial depression 商业萧条
commercial company 贸易公司
commercial acceptance 商业承兑汇票
commercial accounting 商业会计
mittee n.委员会
【商务用语】accepting houses committee 承兑行委员会
budget committee 预算委员会
check committee 查账委员会
nomenclature committee 税则分类委员会
modity n.商品，货物。
商务英语单词词汇
商务英语单词词汇商务英语单词词汇商务英语，作为一种特定的教程，强调的不仅仅是语言的水平，而是一种实际综合素质的提高。
下面是店铺整理的商务英语单词，希望能帮到大家!precede[pri(:)'si:d]v.高于...;先于...border['b0:d2]n.边界commerce['k0m2(:)s]n.商业,贸易apparent[2'p9r2nt]a.明显的; 表面的; 外观的precise[pri'sais]a.精确的，精密的;严谨的bow[bau]v.鞠躬;点头commodity[k2'm0diti]n.日用品applicant['9plik2nt]n.申请者predominant[pri'd0min2nt]a.主要的,占优势的brief[bri:f]a.简短的,短暂的communicate[k2'mju:nikeit]v.传递，传送;通信appointment[2'p0intm2nt]n.约定，约会prefer[pri'f2:]v.更喜欢，宁愿brochure[brou'6u2]n.小册子companion[k2m'p9ni2n]n.同伴;同事approval[2'pru:v2l]n.赞同，批准preferential[pref2'ren62l]a.偏重的bronze[br0nz]n.青铜,古铜comparison[k2m'p9risn]n.比较,对照argument['a:gju:m2nt]n.论据prepare[pri'p/2]v.准备;预备bulb[b3lb]n.电灯泡competition[k0mp2'ti62n]n.竞赛arrangement[2'reind7m2nt]n.安排;筹备;整理prescribe[pris'kraib]v.指示，处方bunch[b3nt6]n.一(束、串)complement['k2mplim2nt]n.补充物,补足物,定额ascertain[9s2'tein]v.查明，确定present['preznt]v. n.礼物on business[]因公，因事comply[k2m'plai]v.服从,照办assembly[2'sembli]n.集会，会议presently['prez2ntli]adv.一会儿，不久cable['keibl]n.电缆;发电报comprise[k2m'praiz]v.包含，包括;构成assign[2'sain]v.分配;指定preserve[pri'z2:v]v.保存;保护camera['k9m2r2]n.照相机;摄象机concentrate['k0ns2ntreit]v.集中assistant[2'sist2nt]n.助手;图书管理员press[pres]v.压cancel['k9ns2l]v.取消，撤消conduct['k0nd2kt, k2n'd3kt]v.引导，传导assumption[2's3mp62n]n.假定;采取prestige[pres'ti:7]n.威望，声望capable['keip2bl]a.有...能力confident['k0nfid2nt]a.有信心的attach[2't9t6]v.附上,贴上;属于prevail[pri'veil]v.流行,盛行,占优势carbon['ka:b2n]n.碳confirmation[k0nf2'mei62n]n.确认;确认书attention[2'ten62n]n.注意price[prais]n.价格carpet['ka:pit]n.地毯phrase[freiz]n.短语;警句attendant[2'tend2nt]n.服务员,侍者in case[]万一;在...情况下; 以防acquire[2'kwai2]v.获得，学到(知识等) picnic['piknik]n.野餐attract[2'tr9kt]v.吸引cast[ka:st]v.投掷action['9k62n]n.行动;作用pillar['pil2]n.柱子下载文档。
名词解释电子商务
名词解释电子商务
电子商务（e-commerce）是通过互联网，利用电子技术为企业销售商品和服务实现远程网络交易的业务活动。
它使企业拓展销售市场范围，扩大客户群，降低成本，提高服务质量，达到销售增长、利润最大化的目标。
电子商务是一种新兴的网络商业模式，它实现了现代信息技术在商业活动中的广泛应用，在实现商务信息交换，进行有效商业行为，实现销售与分销营销，支付各类内容和货物价格，以及实施更多的网络商业活动方面有重要作用。
它既是一种新的商业模式，也是一种新的技术，它吸收了现代信息技术的优势，使企业能够根据不同的客户需求，搭建快捷、有效、个性化的商务运营平台，同时也促进了现代企业管理的发展。
电子商务可以实现从产品研发到市场销售的一体化，也可以增强企业的核心竞争力，增强企业的核心竞争力，改进企业的内部服务水平，促进企业业务管理的标准化，实现企业的网络营销，降低商品的流通成本，实现商品销售的自动化，实现线上提供金融、信息服务等众多功能。
随着国际经济和科技的发展，电子商务也得到了飞速发展，它已经成为商业活动中不可或缺的一部分，同时也以其跨界特性成为全球化扩张的得力工具，并在能够利用网络传输数据进行贸易活动，根据消费者需求量身定制商品，实现远程多媒体闭环产品制作等方面发挥着深远的作用。
科技的发展与电子商务的发展相辅相成，电子商务的发展将极大地影响企业的运营模式，未来它将成为企业经营的重要组成部分。
电子商务的发展留给我们的不仅是机遇，也是挑战，通过它，可以让企业把握未来市场发展的脉搏，实现经济效益的提高。
商业的英语单词
商业的英语单词商业：commerce; trade; business词：商业不景气commercial depression;商业支票commercial paper;与... 进行商业贸易carry on commerce with ...;轻视商业despise trade;他从事商业。
He is engaged in commerce.商业已变得萧条。
Commerce has stagnated.造句：1音乐行当将艺术和商业结合在一起。
The music business marries art and commerce.《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》2银行是商业的中枢。
Banks are the nerves of commerce.《外研社英语同义词辨析词典》3会议呼吁两年内暂停商业捕鲸活动。
The convention called for a two-year moratorium on commercial whaling. 《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》4每家公司都在奋力保护自己的商业利益。
Each company is fighting to protect its own commercial interests.《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》5有些商业活动是为间谍活动提供掩护。
Some of the commercial activities were a cover for espionage.《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》6他们饮料的配方是严格保守的商业秘密。
The recipe for their drink is a closely guarded trade secret.《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》7相对而言，这个地区至今没有受到商业开发的影响。
The area has remained relatively untouched by commercial development. 《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》作为一份商业建议，它不可能取得成功。
merchant的意思用法总结
merchant的意思用法总结merchant有商人,批发商,店主,零售商的意思。
那你们想知道merchant的用法吗?今天给大家带来了merchant的用法,希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。
merchant的意思n. 商人,批发商,店主,零售商adj. 商人的,商业的merchant用法merchant可以用作名词merchant通常指较大的批发商,尤指从事国际贸易的大商人,或经销某一专门商品的人。
merchant用作名词的用法例句The merchant had received a shipment of tea.这个商人收到了一船茶叶。
The merchant decided to use camels to carry his goods across the desert.商人决定用骆驼载运货物穿过沙漠。
The merchants cash sales each day were $300.那店主一天有300美元的现金售货收入。
merchant用法例句1、The ride was smooth until they got into the merchant ships wake.航行一直很顺利，直到他们碰上了商船的尾流。
2、"How many times have I heard that before?" Merchant complained angrily.“我听过有多少次了?”麦钱特生气地抱怨道。
3、They sent naval forces to protect merchant shipping.他们派出了海军保护商船。
merchant词组| 习惯用语merchant ship 商船merchant marine (一个国家的)商船，商船队merchant bank 商业银行merchant banking 商业银行业务retail merchant 零售商commission merchant n. 代销商，掮客merchant fleet 商船队merchant英语例句库1.Destroyers escorted a convey of merchant ships.驱逐舰护送一支商船队。
商业英语怎么写
商业英语怎么写商业指以货币为媒介进行交换从而实现商品的流通的经济活动，兴起于先秦时期。
现代的商业分为线下以及线上两种，极大提高了贸易的效率。
那么，你知道商业的英语怎么说吗?商业的英文释义：commercetradebusinessbizdistributivetradecity article商业的英文例句：家庭小商业遭到大公司的吞并。
Small family businesses are often gobbled up by larger firms.在美国，华盛顿是政府所在地，纽约是主要的商业中心。
In the US, Washington is the seat of government and New York City is the chief seat of commerce.他似乎比较像一个军官，而不像一个商业行政主管。
He seems more like a military officer than a business executive.政治家不应该参与那些可能会影响其政治判断力的商业事务。
Politicians should not engage in business affairs that might affect their political judgement.商业信函必须是正式的，但是写信给朋友应写得自然一些。
Business letters must always be formal, but we should write in a natural way to friends.本文借鉴国际商业银行成熟的经营理念、组织架构，分析设计我国现代商业银行的经营理念、组织架构和经营方式，并试着提出我国现代商业银行发展可选择的组织架构形式。
The thesis can be divided into reface and four chapters.设计商业模式的过程是商业战略的一部分。
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英语单词commerce 的用法和辨析
“commerce”是“贸易、商业”的意思，除此之外，大家还了解过“commerce”有什么意思吗？下面是小编为大家整理了英语单词
commerce 的用法和辨析，希望能帮到大家！
一、详细释义：
n.
贸易；商业；交易[U]
例句：
Our country has been trying to broaden its commerce with other nations.
我国一直在努力扩大与其他国家的贸易往来。
例句：
They dignified and decorated commerce with the splendid virtues of honor and loyalty.
他们以信用和忠实的无上美德使商业增色。
（思想，意见，感情的）交流；社交[U]
例句：
I have little commerce with my neighbors.
我和邻居很少来往。
二、词义辨析：
business,commerce,trade,bargain,deal
这些名词均含“贸易，交易”之意。
business 指包括售货、购货、
换货在内的综合商业活动，方式可以是批发或零售。
commerce 多指大
规模的买卖或易货关系。
trade 普通用词，含义广。
既可指某种具体的
商业又可指广泛的贸易。
bargain 多指买卖双方通过谈判、协商就商品。