影响幼儿语言发展的因素(英文)

Factors which Influence Children's Language development影响幼儿语言发展的因素AbstractNowadays children play a very important role in a family, parents pay so much attention o children's development, From a very young age, they focus on children's language development,which is so important on children's all life. Why there are differences among children's language ,what factors can influence children's language development? After learning some answers of these questions, parents can help their children develop language ability better.Key words: children; factors; language developmentYoung children stage is the key stage for one's language development, the children's language ability get breakthrough in quantity. In this period, not only the vocabulary increased rapidly, but also can master a variety of complex sentence patterns, and understand deeper of the sentence meaning, also can communicate according to different context.During the the key period of children's language development, if we can find the influence factors of the development and actively creating related conditions, doing specific training, then it will promote children's language development.However, what factors referenced to language development?Generally speaking, children's language development related to individual conditions , at the same time it also can not get away from environmental, educational and social conditions. Some specific factors as follows:(一)Individual factors:Children as an individual of language learning and development, its language development related to the individual's own biological factors, cognitive factors and emotional factors.1.Biological factors:1.1As is known to all, language is the tool of thought , also is a mean of communication. That is, the value of the language reflected a kind of function, and the function have relevant to the structure ,it is certain function of the structure.The realization of the function cannot get away from certain material structure, namely the language pronunciation organs.Whetner infants' pronunciation organ is normal or not will affect the development of its language ability.1.2 Age factor. Language learning is obviously influenced by age. Age is the main effect factor of vocabulary development. At the same,it is also influence the development of grammar, with the incease of the age,phrase structures will gradually appear.1.3.In general the girl's language development will starte earlier than boy's , and oral expression ability is better. But after entering the primary school, gender difference phenomenon can decrease,language ability of boys' and girls' has no obvious difference.1.4 The personality characteristics. Congenital temperament is shy, introverted, or self-distrust infants,their language ability will be worse.children1.5.Health problems.For the physical emaciated or long-term sickchildren, they may have less chance to play games,and their learning experience is insufficiency, so their language development is not as good as healthy children.（二)Cognitive factors.2.1 Children learn language is neither like a parrot nor "eat at full", they use languge with own understanding and memory, then apply to certain language situation, and make some creation. Visiblely, children's language development is closely related with its cognitive ability.2.2 Learning ability. Some children have sensitive study ability and imitate ability, their language development are earlier and better, on the contrary, the language development is easy to have deviation, sluggish situation.（三）Emotional factorsChildren learning language is not passive, but actively choose and absorblanguage elements, that is, due to their different attitude towards the languge learning emotion , the language development is also different. In the process of language learning,iinfants also will be affected by the emotional factors.The so-called emotional factor means children infiunced by social factors make psychological reaction. Adults like or dislike children's performance, was enough to affect infants' talk will. In addition, children in group life establish their impression among themselves and others. A child who love oneself, love the children around them, will be happy to express themselves and speak full of confidence.Instead, if a child feel not popular in the group or he don't feel happy, his will to speak will reduce,also have no interest to listen to others . In the long run, his language ability's development will be affected greatly .In the process of infants' language learning, parents' love and encouragement are very important. Those who get parents' love and care, they usually have more time communicate with parents , have more opportunities to experience all sorts of things, including play games and contact environment, thus stimulating them to express ideas and talk to others, so as to enrich and accumulate language experience.Instead, those who can't get the parents’love and care, such as a child growing up in an orphanage, generally their language development are slow. In addition, some parents don't respect their children, and would not listen to their expression patiently, would not answer inspirely about their questions, even have little communication with children ,their children's language development level will be slow as their incorrect language education ideas.We can see that language is developed in love and care, Parents should give children a lot of love and care,and communicate more with their children, this will help children's language development.In fact, language learning and learning is the same as other things, if a child often be encouraged, he will have a positive and active learning desire,thus receiving good learning effect.Conversely, if children are often accused and criticised by adults, or adult often put forward some opinions such as picky their pronunciation, this will make children lose confidence to language learning, even become silent, do not wish to open his mouth.（四）Environmental factors.Children's language learning cannot get away from certain environment. Children always contact with people in the environment , and language as a human communication tool, it is learnt, mastered and used in the environment by young children.Environmental factors include cultural level of parents, parents' occupation,family economic condition and so on. The development of language is related to the amount of stimulus information provided by the environment , the more the chlidren accept the outside stimulus information, the faster its language development.(五)Educational factors.Education differences can also lead to the difference of children's language development.Family education has a huge role for the early language development of infants.Parents often read parenting books,their children's language development is superior to other children. The kindergarten education has effect that family can't replace, through the cooperative games can provide medium to do exercises and enhance the language skills.Children through the interaction and learning in the game ,it can promote their language development.Children can spontaneously learn language through communicating with people in the environment, but more is through learning to applicant and master the method on the education situation with consciousness, to obtain development.（六）Social factorsSocial factors have considerable influence on children's language learning. Here said the social factors, it means the people and things which children's contact with , such as adults and companions' attitude towards him. The social effective factors are various, the most important is the social life of the child, adults' language environment and their attitude to treat the children.6.1. The influence of social life environmentChildren get language in certain social life environment which is cross combination by material and spirit, family and social factors . These various kinds offactors will have great or subtle influnce on children's language development directly or indirectly, .The Investigation of Using Adjectives of Children written by Wu Jinzhi shows us many examples about different environments affect children's language development. For example, the SaNiZu live in mountainous areas in Yunnan, SaNiZu children to the adjective "steep",which is used to describe the mountain,are masteR earlier than the Han nationality children; Sichuan and Hunan is known to eat chili, children in these two areas master the word "hot" earlier a year or year and a half than other parts of the children.6.2.Adults' language ideas:Language concept means people's a series of attitudes and opinions about language . Such as oral language and written language status, the emotins towards the native language and foreign and so on. Adults' language concep thas certain effect for children language learning.For example, Chinese have a deeply rooted traditional language concep still influence today: pay more attention to the written language, the contempt to oral English. Through thousands years,our Chinese pay special attention to children to study bible literacy, education of chanting, composition, and despise oral English education.Now that we clearly know the influence factors of children's the language development ,we can reasonably use the relevant conditions to promote children's language development effectively. Every vocal language organs normal children can develop a flexible thinking and glib child, as long as the parents building a good education environment, cultivate children's interset to think languge and understanding language , stimulates children's language learning interest, encouraging children actively communicating,learning, imitation, absoringb and use the language!There is no child who is not good at learning language,only parents who do not good at leading their children to learn.1.李宇明《。