英美诗歌选读第10周(颂歌) 英美诗歌选读
第二讲：英语诗歌的韵步数
《英美诗歌选读》课程教案第二讲首页备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
第二讲英美诗歌的韵步数第一节单韵步行单韵步诗行（monometer）是由一个韵步构成的诗行。
例如斯科若的《希腊古瓮颂总结》，就是由单韵步诗行写成的诗：Gods chaseRound vase.What say?What play?Don’t know.Nice, though. 1(Desmond Skirrow: Ode on a Grecian Urn Summarized)完全由单韵步诗行构成的诗很稀有，单韵步诗行往往出现在多韵步诗行中间，如下面两个诗节中的第七、八诗行：Go and catch a falling star,Get with child a mandrake root,Tell me where all past years are,Or who cleft the Devil’s foot,Teach me to hear mermaids’ singing,Or to keep off envy’s stinging,And findWhat windServes to advance an honest mind. 2（John Donne: Song）第二节双韵步行双韵步诗行（dimeter）是由两个韵步构成的一行诗。
例如：Razors | pain you;Rivers | are damp;1神在追/ 绕花瓶。
/ 说什么？/ 弹什么？/ 不知晓，虽很美。
2去捉一颗陨落的星辰，/ 使曼德拉草根怀胎，/ 告诉我，过去的岁月何处寻，/ 或者谁劈开魔鬼蹄，/ 教我听美人鱼唱歌，/ 或躲避嫉妒的刺蜇，/ 弄清/ 何风/ 有助于提升诚实心灵。
（傅浩译）Acids | stain you;And drugs | cause cramp.Guns aren’t | lawful;Nooses | give;Gas smells | awful;You might | as well | live. 3(Dorothy Parker: Résumé)除了最后一行，其他诗行都是双韵步，而第六诗行的第二个韵步省略了非重读音节。
讲：英语诗歌的基本押韵格式
《英美诗歌选读》课程教案第四讲首页备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
第四讲英美诗歌的基本押韵格式押韵格式（rhyme scheme）指的是一首诗中各押韵诗行的组合形式。
一般说来，每首诗都由数量不同的诗行组成，每一行的结尾都按照其读音的相同或类似而押韵,并表现出规律性。
押韵格式分为定型诗歌格式和普通诗歌格式.前一种格式主要有十四行诗体、斯宾塞诗体、回旋诗体等押韵格式；普通诗歌格式主要有双行押韵格式（aa）、隔行交互押韵格式（abab）和吻韵格式(abba)。
第一节基本押韵格式一、双行押韵格式（aa）它是英语诗歌最基本押韵格式，主要用于双行诗节（couplet）。
双行诗节指两行押韵或不押韵的诗行.双行诗节可以单独成为诗节，也可以存在于其他诗节中。
七行体（又称皇韵体,rhyme royal）诗和八行体(octa rima）诗用双行诗节结束，莎士比亚的十四行诗也是用双行诗节结束全诗。
双行诗节分开放双行诗节(open couplet）和完整双行诗节（closed couplet）两种。
完整双行诗节如果是用抑扬格五韵步写成,就被称为英雄双行诗节（heroic couplet）。
开放双行诗节指的是跨行的双行诗体，即两行诗有共同的语法和逻辑结构,但第二行的意思需要继续下去，直到在后面的诗行中结束。
如济慈叙述希腊神话中的美少年长诗《恩弟米安》开始几行：A thing of beauty is a joy for ever：Its loveliness increases；it will neverPass into nothingness; but still will keepA bower quiet for us, and a sleepFull of sweet dreams，and health，and quiet breathing.Therefore，on every morrow，are we wreathingA flowery band to bind us to the earth,Spite of despondence，of the inhuman dearthOf noble natures (1)(John Keats: Endymion)这些诗行的特点是：首先，每两行押韵，即ever / never，keep / sleep,breathing / wreathing，earth / dearth押1美的事物是一种永恒的愉悦：/ 它的美与日俱增：它永不湮灭，/ 它永不消亡；/ 为了我们，它永远/ 保留着一处幽境，让我们安眠，/ 充满了美梦，健康，宁静的呼吸。
《英美诗歌选读》课件
英美诗歌选读 - 莎士比亚的诗 歌
了解莎士比亚的诗歌创作和其在文学中的巨大影响力，分析他的代表作品和 独特的文学特色。
英美诗歌选读 - 红楼梦中的诗 歌
探索红楼梦中的诗歌形式和作用，分析诗歌与小说情节的关系，体味红楼梦 的诗意之美。
英美诗歌选读 - 美国现代主义 诗歌
介绍美国现代主义诗歌的发展和其独特特征，分析代表作品和独特的艺术手 法。
英美诗歌选读 - 英国浪漫中的代表作品和主题思想。
英美诗歌选读 - 总结
归纳英美诗歌选读的内容和重点，总结诗歌的艺术魅力和文化意义，点亮你对诗歌的热情和探索。
《英美诗歌选读》PPT课 件
欢迎来到《英美诗歌选读》PPT课件！本课件将介绍英美诗歌的精选内容，探 讨诗歌的艺术魅力和文化意义。
英美诗歌选读 - 简介
了解英美诗歌选读的概念和作用，探讨诗歌在文学中的重要性和影响力。
英美诗歌选读 - 现代英美诗歌
介绍现代英美诗歌的发展和特点，分析其主题和艺术风格，引领我们进入诗 歌的现代世界。
英美诗歌选读-comings
2.Foregrounding in Poetry
The term „foregrounding‟ is borrowed by stylisticians from art criticism, which distinguishes between the foreground and the background of a painting. The theory of foregrounding is probably the most important theory within Stylistic Analysis, and foregrounding analysis is arguably the most important part of the stylistic analysis in poetry.
3.1 Graphological Deviation
The most striking in this poem is perhaps the fact that there ise which runs over the whole poem. that only one clause runs over the whole poem. This may show that poet intends the poem to be read as a whole and places emphasis on the unity of the discourse. The important effect created is the arousal of the reader‟s expectation and interest. This is because when the reader reads the first line, he gets a sense of incompleteness and, therefore would like to read on to find out „what‟ is said. Taking a close look at the whole poem, we find that every line of the poem, in fact, creates a pulling-forward effect, though there may be differences in the degrees of strength.
英美文学选读英国文学3单元诗歌翻译
英美文学选读英国文学3单元诗歌翻译A Song : Men of England给英格兰人的歌By Percy Bysshe Shelley雪莱Men of England, wherefore ploughFor the lords who lay yelow? Wherefore weave with toil and careThe rich robes your tyrants wear?英格兰的人们，凭什么要给蹂躏你们的老爷们耕田种地？凭什么要辛勤劳动纺织不息用锦绣去打扮暴君们的身体？Wherefore feed and clothe and save From the cradle to the graveThose ungrateful drones who would Drain your sweat-nay, drink your blood? 凭什么，要从摇篮直到坟墓，用衣食去供养，用生命去保卫那一群忘恩负义的寄生虫类，他们在榨你们的汗，喝你们的血？Wherefore ,Bees of England, forge Many a weapan, chain, and scourage, That these stingless drones may spoil The forced produce of your toil?凭什么，英格兰的工蜂，要制作那么多的武器，锁链和刑具，使不能自卫的寄生雄蜂竟能掠夺用你们强制劳动创造的财富？Have ye leisure, comfort ,calm,Shelter ,food, love's gentle balm?Or what is it ye buy so dearWith your pain and with your fear?你们是有了舒适，安宁和闲暇，还是有了粮食，家园和爱的慰抚？否则，付出了这样昂贵的代价，担惊受怕忍痛吃苦又换来了什么？The seed ye sow, another reaps;The wealth ye find, another keeps;The robes ye weave, another wears;The arms ye forge, another bears.你们播下了种子，别人来收割；你们找到了财富，归别人占有；你们织布成衣，穿在别人身上；你们锻造武器，握在别人的手。
整理《英美诗歌选读》课程教案
英美诗歌选读课程教学大纲20 年月日A4打印/ 可编辑“英美诗歌选读”课程教学大纲教研室主任：王莉执笔人：曹英慧一、课程基本信息开课单位：外国语学院课程名称：英美诗歌选读课程编号：04188043英文名称：Selected Readings of British and American Poetry课程类型：专业方向限选课总学时：36 理论学时：实验学时：学分：2开设专业：英语专业先修课程：英国文学史及选读（04102613）二、课程任务目标（一）课程任务《英美诗歌赏析》是一门英语专业文学方向限选课程。
对于英语专业学生来说，诗歌作为英语语言学习的重要组成部分，是英语知识结构的一个不可或缺的部分。
诗歌所包含的语言特征、修辞手段和细腻的感情都是英语语言丰富表现能力的集中体现。
另外，诗歌也是增进英语语言能力的重要途径。
诗歌的字里行间都充满了意义，弦外之音、话外之语，它对语言的超常使用将使人们对英语的多种表现手法更加敏感，对英语的特殊表达习惯更加熟悉。
总之，学习诗歌是英语专业学生提高英语水平、提高人文素养以及丰富自己的语言和思想的重要手段。
本课程按照诗歌主题为脉络，介绍诗歌基本知识，梳理英美诗歌的不同流派及其风格，使学生掌握相关韵律法则，引导学生品味诗歌之美，挖掘诗歌内涵，感受诗人寄托在诗中的思想和情愫，进而能够独立进行诗歌阅读、欣赏甚至诗歌翻译及创作。
（二）课程目标具体来说，本课程的教学应达到以下目的和要求：1. 基本诗歌阅读能力：使学生初步了解英、美诗歌的特点、常见修辞手法，英语诗歌的基本要素、相关知识；2. 初步鉴赏能力：能读懂难度适中的英文诗歌，理解字面意思，并能指出主题、韵律形式等，帮助学生进一步感受诗歌中的象征、意象等，挖掘诗歌内涵，领会诗歌的奥妙。
3. 书面表达能力：能就一般或专业性主题撰写简单诗歌评论，流利自如地表达个人观点，做到文章选题合理、结构清晰、内容丰富、逻辑性强。
4. 翻译能力：能翻译所学英语诗歌，译文力争信、达、雅，尽力传达出原文神韵。
英美诗歌的押韵
《英美诗歌选读》课程教案第三讲首页学生专业班级学时数教学目的教学内容教学重点教学难点教学进程教学方法教具课后总结作业备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
第三讲英美诗歌的押韵押韵（rhyme）是指一个音节的读音在以后音节读音中的重复，或是一个单词的最后一个音节或几个音节的读音在以后音节相应位置的读音重复。
从押韵的位置看，押韵主要有头韵(alliteration)、尾韵(end rhyme)和中间韵或腹韵（internal rhyme）。
尾韵又分全韵（perfect rhyme）和非全韵(imperfect rhyme)两种。
全韵要求押韵的辅音和元音都相同，非全韵又包括只是元音相同但辅音不押韵的元韵（assonance）和只押辅音不押元音的和韵(consonance)，另外，还有从拼写上看起来似乎押韵但实际读音并不押韵的目韵（eye rhyme, visual rhyme or sight rhyme）等。
第一节头韵头韵是指一行（节）诗中几个词开头的辅音相同，形成押韵。
如克里斯蒂娜•罗塞蒂的《歌》前两诗节：When I am dead, my dearest,Sing no sad songs for me;Plant thou no rose at my head,Nor shady cypress tree:Be the green grass above meWith showers and dewdrops wet;And if thou wilt, remember,And if thou wilt, forget. 12（Samuel Taylor Coleridge: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner）前三行里，头韵[f]重复七次。
这个摩擦送气的清辅音模仿柔风轻涛的声音，创造出一种宁静的意境。
第四行里的两个[s]音宛如和风吹过沉寂海面而发出的咝咝声。
英美诗歌选读..
DEFINITION OF POETRY
The most common is the genological level,(genre) at which critics define poetry as a genre of literature, the collective body of compositions termed as poems. At this level, poetry parallels fiction and drama, forming with them the greatest three of the conventional literary categories which divide the pages of popular literary textbooks, such as An Approach to Literature (Fifth Edition, 1975) by C. Brooks, J. T. Purser, and R. P. Warren.
INTERNALS OF POETRY :IMAGERY, SUBJECT MATTERS AND THEMES
Unit 1 General introduction
Definition of poetry Externals of poetry Internals of poetry Genres of poetry Approaches towards poetry text analysis
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Another is the popular typographical level. As poetry is defined all that is printed in the line form on the page, people, including many critics of course, take their cue from the appearance in deciding what is poetry and what is not; and thus, accordingly, they will fail or refuse to recognize the passage below as poetry. How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. I love thee to the depth and breadth and height my soul can reach, when feeling out of sight for the ends of Being and ideal Grace. ……and, if God choose, I shall but love thee better after death.
《英美诗歌选读》课程教案
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
第一讲英美诗歌的韵步第一节韵步的定义与种类韵步（foot，也被称为音步），是由音节(syllable)组成的，因此，首先要了解什么是音节。
音节由音素（phone）构成，它是语音中最小的不可再分解的单位，是字母组合后的读音标记。
音素靠听觉辨认，字母靠视觉辨认，音素属于读音系统，字母属于拼写系统。
例如，scansion [′skæn∫зn]由8个字母拼写而成，只有7个音素。
英语音素分为元音（vowel）和辅音(consonant)，共有48个。
音节是英语的发音单位，由一个元音或者由一个元音同一个或若干个辅音构成。
音节可分为单音节、双音节、多音节三类。
单音节：you，day，me，big，make，bar等。
双音节：begin，open，foolish，summer，mountain等。
多音节：wonderful，revolution，satisfactory等。
辅音也可构成音节，如people，rhythm中的ple和thm都属于一个音节。
每个英语单词都有一个重读音节，其重读音节是固定的。
如husband，共两个音节，第一个音节重读；express有两个音节，第二个音节重读；beautiful有三个音节，第一个音节重读；religion有三个音节，第二个音节重读；subterranean有四个音节，第三个音节重读。
在短语或句子中，冠词和介词一般不重读。
如在in the morning，on a desk中，in、the、on、a都不重读。
弄清楚什么是音节，就可以理解什么是韵步了。
韵步是一个或两个重读音节和一个或两个非重读音节的排列组合。
其类型如下：韵步类型表第二节韵步类型举例一、抑扬格抑扬格是一个非重读音节和一个重读音节的排列组合。
英语诗歌以抑扬格韵步为主，如莎士比亚十四行诗《我可以把你比作夏天吗？》最后两行的韵步划分如下（每个韵步由竖杠“|”隔开，“_”代表非重读音节，“/”代表重读音节）：_ /. _ / _ / _ / _ /So long |as men |can breathe |or eyes |can see,_ / _ / _ / _ / _ /So long |lives this |and this |gives life |to thee. 1(William Shakespeare: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’ Day)每个韵步都是两个音节，且每个韵步都是一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。
埃利蒂斯诗歌《桑托林颂歌》原文及赏析
埃利蒂斯诗歌《桑托林颂歌》原文及赏析（最新版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如诗歌散文、原文赏析、读书笔记、经典名著、古典文学、网络文学、经典语录、童话故事、心得体会、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as poetry and prose, original text appreciation, reading notes, classic works, classical literature, online literature, classic quotations, fairy tales, experience, other sample essays, etc. if you want to know the difference Please pay attention to the format and writing of the sample essay!埃利蒂斯诗歌《桑托林颂歌》原文及赏析【导语】：你从雷霆的腹中诞生在忏悔的云里颤动坚忍,大胆,严峻如石头你召唤太阳专作你的第一个见证让你面对强烈的光之辐射打出去,引起海上一个战斗的回声海醒了,起而反抗, 你挺起一个岩石的你从雷霆的腹中诞生在忏悔的云里颤动坚忍,大胆,严峻如石头你召唤太阳专作你的第一个见证让你面对强烈的光之辐射打出去,引起海上一个战斗的回声海醒了,起而反抗,你挺起一个岩石的胸膛上面记载着南风的灵感让痛苦在那里雕刻自己的内脏让希望在那里雕刻自己的内脏用感化宇宙的言语用火,用烟,用岩浆你产生白昼的音响你上升,到视觉的绿色和玫瑰色的门廊,崇高的理智把洪钟敲起把八月中阳光下的禽鸟来赞扬。
诗歌选修第六周(18世纪诗歌) 英美诗歌选读
All nature is but art, unknown to thee; All chance, direction, which thou canst
not see; All discord, harmony not understood; All partial evil, universal good. And, spite of pride, in erring reason's
As fair thou art, my bonnie lass, so deep in love am I, And I will love thee still, my dear, till a' the seas gang dry.
Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear, and the rocks melt wi' the sun! And I will love thee still, my dear, while the sands of life shall run.
Selected Readings of British & American Poetry
Lecture 6: 18th century Poetry
Alexander Pope (1688-1744)
Enlightenment Period Neo-Classicism: emphasize reason, rules & forms/ follow the roman ancient style/ write about social political life, cities, the clubs, and drawing rooms Alexander Pope The most important English poet in the first half the 18th c./ born in London/ at 12 got a sked back/ receive very little education/ taught himself. “Essays on Man”, a philosophical poem in four parts, a didactic poem written in heroic couplets.
英美诗歌选读
GENRES OF POETRY
Conventionally, genologists classify poetry into two major domains: the lyrical and the narrative;. 1) The Lyrical Poem The term lyric signifies any fairly short, nonnarrative poem presenting a speaker who expresses a state of mind or a process of thought and feeling. Lyrics fall into two classes, the folk and the literary. And there are subgenres of lyrics. They include aubade, dramatic monologue elegy , epitaph, epithalamion, love song, ode, pastoral, sonnet , and many others.
《英美诗歌选读》课程教案首页
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
第一讲英美诗歌的韵步第一节韵步的定义与种类韵步（foot，也被称为音步），是由音节(syllable)组成的，因此，首先要了解什么是音节。
音节由音素（phone）构成，它是语音中最小的不可再分解的单位，是字母组合后的读音标记。
音素靠听觉辨认，字母靠视觉辨认，音素属于读音系统，字母属于拼写系统。
例如，scansion [′skæn∫зn]由8个字母拼写而成，只有7个音素。
英语音素分为元音（vowel）和辅音(c onsonant)，共有48个。
音节是英语的发音单位，由一个元音或者由一个元音同一个或若干个辅音构成。
音节可分为单音节、双音节、多音节三类。
单音节：you，day，me，big，make，bar等。
双音节：begin，open，foolish，summer，mountain等。
多音节：w onderful，revolution，satisfactory等。
辅音也可构成音节，如people，rhythm中的ple和thm都属于一个音节。
每个英语单词都有一个重读音节，其重读音节是固定的。
如husband，共两个音节，第一个音节重读；express有两个音节，第二个音节重读；beautiful有三个音节，第一个音节重读；religion有三个音节，第二个音节重读；subterranean有四个音节，第三个音节重读。
在短语或句子中，冠词和介词一般不重读。
如在in the morning，on a desk中，in、the、on、a都不重读。
弄清楚什么是音节，就可以理解什么是韵步了。
韵步是一个或两个重读音节和一个或两个非重读音节的排列组合。
其类型如下：韵步类型表第二节韵步类型举例一、抑扬格抑扬格是一个非重读音节和一个重读音节的排列组合。
英语诗歌以抑扬格韵步为主，如莎士比亚十四行诗《我可以把你比作夏天吗？》最后两行的韵步划分如下（每个韵步由竖杠“|”隔开，“_”代表非重读音节，“/”代表重读音节）：_ /. _ / _ / _ / _ /So long |as men |can breathe |or eyes |can see,_ / _ / _ / _ / _ /So long |lives this |and this |gives life |to thee. 1(William Shakespeare: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’ Day)每个韵步都是两个音节，且每个韵步都是一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。
墓园挽歌英美诗歌欣赏
fame and fortune of the great ones;
• Part 4: 12 – 19: defense on the undisplayed talent and kind nature; including the famous quotation:
Comments on Gray
• Gray’s literary output was small. He wrote slowly and carefully. His poems are characterized by an exquisite sense of form.
• His masterpiece Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard once and for all
• Thomas Gray was one of the most important poets of the eighteenth century. This scholar and poet was the most famous for his poem "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard." Thomas Gray was born on December 26, 1716 in Cornhill section of London, England. He was the only child in his family.
• 不妨把挽歌的前8行重复朗读几遍，就可以感受到 作者高超的诗艺了。诗人使用抑扬格五音步隔行 押韵，节奏舒缓语调肃穆而哀思缠绵，为英语挽 歌树立了四行体（elegiac quatrain）的典范。以 前8行为例，有声“L”子音重复了23次，长母“O” 音重复了近10遍，再加上其它双元音和长元音的 大量反复，交叉营造出一种沉寂悲凉的气氛，非 常切合挽歌哀缓的主题，是以令人百读不厌。
第七讲：打油诗、回旋诗、素体诗与自由诗
《英美诗歌选读》课程教案第七讲首页学生专业班级学时数教学目的教学内容教学重点教学难点教学进程教学方法教具课后总结作业备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
第七讲五行打油诗与短回旋诗五行打油诗（Limerick）与短回旋诗(Rondelet)属于轻体诗（light verse），以幽默讽刺为重要特征。
第一节五行打油诗五行打油诗是英国人爱德华•李尔(Edward Lear, 1812~1888)所创，此后，英国人写了无数的五行打油诗，但大多是匿名作品。
这类诗在形式上为五行，第一、二、五行为相同韵步，押尾韵，第三、四行为相同韵步，押尾韵，韵式为aabba。
例如：The secret of love is the powerTo weather the sweet and the sourYour joy will not weakenWith love as your beaconThrough sunshine and through thunder shower. 1（Anonymous: Love’s Secret）又如：There once was a girl who loved rhyme;She felt her writing was sublime.Indeed quite a poet,Though some didn't know it,She'd be rich if each paid a dime. 2（Anonymous）再如：I wish you success with your dreams.It's easy if we work in teamsSo all in due courseLets give it more sauce.It isn't as tough as it seems. 3（Anonymous）1何为爱情秘密/ 经受甜酸能力。
第十三讲：宗教诗与赞美诗
《英美诗歌选读》课程教案首页备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
第十三讲哲理诗、宗教诗、赞美诗第一节哲理诗诗歌与哲学是近邻，诗歌往往含有一定的哲理，这样的诗歌可以被称为哲理诗（philosophical poem）。
蒲柏的《人论》就是用双韵体写成的规模巨大的哲学论文，它从创世主、宇宙一直谈到人性、人类社会、道德和人的快乐，其中心思想是柏拉图的伟大的生存之链，宇宙万物在此链中各有位置，人处于天使与野兽之间，人只有安于这个位置，才能快乐。
人应该坚信上帝，学着看远看全，就会发现，一切都是合理的：All nature is but art, unknown to thee;All chance, direction, which thou canst not see;All discord, harmony not understood;All partial evil, universal good:And, spite of pride, in erring reason’s spite,One truth is clear: whatever IS, is RIGHT. 1(Alexander Pope: An Essay on Man, To Henry St, John, lines 289~294))布莱克常辨证地看待问题，从《一粒沙》中可看出，诗人认识到事物之间有联系，小东西里有大宇宙：To see a world in a grain of sand,And a heaven in a wild flower,Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,And eternity in an hour. 2(William Blake: A Grain of Sand)华兹华斯在《我心跳动》（My Heart Leaps up）中的名句“儿童是成人的父亲”(The Child is father of the Man)表达了诗人的儿童观，即儿童是成年人的榜样，成年人应该向儿童学习，很有哲理性。
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Analysis of the poem
• First stanza: pre-harvest ripeness. The season of Autumn and the sun are conspiring/ plotting secretly to bring ripeness to all.
What is Ode?
• a long stately poem in the stanzas of varied length, meter and form. It is a song in honor of gods or heroes.
• Although an ode is a serious poem expressing the speaker’s passion, it may be passionate about almost everything.
• Ex:“Ode to the West Wind”, “Ode to a Nightingale”, “Ode to a Grecian Urn”
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Analysis of the poem
• This poem is general recognized as the subtlest and most beautiful one of all Keats Odes.
Selected Readings of English and American poetry
Lecture 9 Ode (颂歌)
To Autumn John Keats
• Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they?
Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,-While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day, And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue; Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn Among the river sallows, borne aloft Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies; And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn; Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft The red-breast whistles from a garden-croft; And gathering swallows twitter in the skies.
• Keats's speaker opens his first stanza by addressing Autumn, describing its abundance and its intimacy with the sun, with whom Autumn ripens fruits and causes the late flowers to bloom. In the second stanza, the speaker describes the figure of Autumn as a female goddess, often seen sitting on the granary floor, her hair "softlifted" by the wind, and often seen sleeping in the fields or watching a cider-press squeezing the juice from apples. In the third stanza, the speaker tells Autumn not to wonder where the songs of spring have gone, but instead to listen to her own music. At twilight, the "small gnats" hum above the shallows of the river, lifted and dropped by the wind, and "full-grown lambs" bleat from the hills, crickets sing, robins whistle from the garden, and swallows, gathering for their coming migration, sing from the skies.
Analysis of the poem
• Themes
In both its form and descriptive surface, "To Autumn" is one of the simplest of Keats's odes. There is nothing confusing or complex in Keats's paean to the season of autumn, with its fruitfulness, its flowers, and the song of its swallows gathering for migration. The extraordinary achievement of this poem lies in its ability to suggest, explore, and develop a rich abundance of themes without ever ruffling its calm, gentle, and lovely description of autumn.
• Second stanza: late-harvest fulfillment. The speaker describe the figure of autumn as a female goddess. And like a goddess, she appears wherever she likes and enjoys the harvest she brings in.
• Third stanza: the post-harvest natural music. This is a song of the late autumn. The speaker praises the redbreasted robin and Winter's other singers and finds in the pre-departure twittering of the gathering swallows an emblem of natural completion.