北京语言大学2004年研究生试卷(现汉古汉合卷)

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研究生考试部分院校对外汉语试题

北京师范大学2004年对外汉语考研试题2004年中国文学史及古代汉语、现代汉语和语言学概论中国文学史（50分）一。

议论题（10分）1谈谈中国古代文学中的意境二。

简答体（20分）1。

谈谈《水浒传》中的语言特色2。

谈谈张爱玲的思想主张，写作特色及语言特点3。

为什么说“白居易是杜甫有意识的继承者”4谈谈新月派的主要作者及思想主张三填空（20分）1严羽2汉园三诗人。

现代汉语（40分）一简答题1，现代汉语中汉字的形音关系有几种？2，为什么说汉字是表意文字？3，4，二分析下列句子中加点的字的感情色彩的变化。

三区分下列同义词1．幸亏。

多亏2．分外。

格外古代汉语（60分）一名词解释1．通假字2．偏义复词二解释带点的字并翻译句子三划分句子成分（范。

三）四打标点并翻译文章（孟子：君子曰以礼待之。

）现代汉语（60分）一填空（9分）1几个声母。

韵母。

声调，音节2韵母中哪几个可作韵头，韵尾二简答题（11分）1辅音发音方法相同及发音部位不同比较3组2用国际音标注出普通话中所有的单元音三按从大到小的切分式图解分析下列短语四产生含义差别的原因1我等了10分钟车才来2我才等了10分钟车就来了五分析下列修辞效果语言学概论（90分）一填空题（2分）1．乔姆斯基的成名作的汉语译名是--------2。

二解释下列术语1女书2语义场3隐喻北京语言文化大学2003年汉语言文字学专业课考研试题北京语言文化大学2003年汉语言文字学专业课考研试题一、语音、文字1. 拼音改错（大概这样，记不太准，音调我无法标出）Kong Zi jing chang ti qi ta de di zi……2. 读轻声时，声母韵母发生了本质上的变化，是怎样的，举例说明3. 音调中四声各自特点4. 注拼音万俟冒顿茅厕胼胝5. 写出繁体字尘驴咸吁绳6. 从对外汉语教学的角度谈谈“的”“得”“地”的利与弊二、词汇（注：因匆忙间只记下了要点，句子大概如此，并非原文，见谅）1.“这样不行，赶快上医院！”赶快改赶忙是否可以，为什么2.“反复看才能记住”反复改来回是否可以，为什么3.《现代汉语词典》中有解释如下出口指本国或本地区的货物运出去进口指外国或外地区的货物运进来此种释意是否准确，为什么4.方位词“里”和“里边”有何不同，举例说明5.词义辨析1）以至以致2）考察考查6. 用意素法分析“老师”“学生”三、语法1.根据一下例句归纳“可”的用法1）你可来了2）可漂亮了3）他唱得可好了4）你可不要忘了……5）走了好远，可到家了6）（大概用法同4），实在想不出了）2.用层次法分析句子（与原句相差不大）1）他发了一封电子邮件让她到他家去玩。

2004年北京大学古文献考研真题(回忆版)-考研真题资料

一、名词解释（30 分） 1．鱼尾 2．七志 3．七录 4．汲古阁 5．殿本 6．不校校之
7．汲冢书 8．史志目录 9．一声之转 10．蝴蝶装二、写出下列古籍著述者（22 分）十三经注疏、文选六臣注、史记三家注三、写出周易八卦的卦名和卦象（8 分）四、简要叙述子部目录古籍的情况（15 分）五、简述清代说文研究的论著并加以分析比较（15 分）六、标点翻译下面两段文字（40 分） 1 尚书·无逸 2 孟子七、校勘并翻译下面两段文字（20 分）（省略）
2004 年北京大学古文献考研试题
一、名词解释（45 分） 1．传记博士 2．三公九卿 3．古文运动 4．五声八音 5．宛述 611．敦煌遗书 12、 13、 14、 15、二、写出下列著作作者、朝代，有注疏的也要写出（26 分） 1．《樊川诗集注》 2．《孟子正义》 3．《楚辞集注》 4．《申鉴》 5．《华阳国志》 6．《天下郡国利病书》 7．《古韵四声考》 8．《六书音韵表》 9．《新论》 10．《广宏明集》 11．《册府元龟》 12．《洛阳伽蓝记》 13．《剑南诗稿》三、标点下列古文并今译（12 分）《左传·熹公》子产谏子皮一段四、今译，解释加点词（17 分）唐顺之《答茅知县书》阴阳家纵横家名家炫然盖头窃尾

北京语言大学2004年研究生试卷(现汉古汉合卷)

2004现汉古汉合卷现汉共八题一、根据舌位的高低给普通话的单元音韵母进行分类 5分二、请列出普通话声母总表 10分三、用严氏音标给下列词语注音，如有音变情况，请按音变规律注音 5分（1）老船长（2）小孩儿（3）回来（4）斧子（5）元月四、根据下列例句归并义项，并说明哪些义项可归入“等1”，哪些义项可归入“等2”或“等3” 10分1 等我办完这件事再去也不迟2 怎会有这等事发生3 请稍等一会儿4 这两种东西大小不等5 等他来了一块儿去6 中国有长江、黄河、黑龙江、珠江等四大河流7 三加四等于七 8 老张买了纸张文具等等9 这种产品共分三等 10 我等的意见主要有以下几点五、辨析下列同义词语 10分1 保存-保留2 聊-聊天儿六、指出下列词的词性，并说明判别的理由 10分1 格外2 给予3 碧绿4 单项5 至于七、指出下列短语的结构类型 10分1 说“的”（动宾）2 裤子三条（主谓）3 桌子上（方位）4 三年后（方位）5 应该可以（偏正/状中）6 三月开花（偏正/状中）7 三月很冷（主谓） 8 拿笔来用（连谓） 9 有人找我（兼语）10 又吃又拿（联合）八、分析下列句子，单句要求分析句子的结构，复句要求找出语义关系类型 15分1 上级通知我们，今年暑假不放假。

2 小伙子稀里糊涂地就被捕了。

3 一阵大风，漫天遍野都是白茫茫的：好大的雪！4 大家都要认真观察，养成良好的观察习惯。

5 岳母因为有事来晚了，不然，也难免遇到这场难堪。

2004现汉古汉合卷古代汉语部分一、填空题（每空一分，共十分）1、清代王引之所著的（《经传释词》）是一部重要的虚词研究字典。

2、在“大夫不得造车马”句中，“车马”一词是（偏义）复词。

3、在“二日之栗烈”句中，“栗烈”是（双声）联绵词。

4、秦国统一六国后颁行的标准字体是（小篆）。

5、“四体二用说”中的“二用”指的是（转注）、（假借）。

6、《春秋左传注疏》是晋（杜预）注，唐（孔颖达）疏。

北京大学古代文学2004真题

北京大学2004年古代文学考研试题
中国古代文学史
一：名词解释（一个5分共30分）
1：《诗经集注》（记不太清了）
2：“七体”
3：太康文学
4：徐庾体
5：《太和正音谱》
6：花雅之争
二：论述（一个30分共120分）
1：以史记为中心论述先秦两汉史传文学的发展。

2：结合诗歌史评述白居易、元稹的诗歌理论。

3：试论陆游、范成大、杨万里的农村题材诗歌创作。

4：《三国演义》中的虚实描写一直存在争议，请就这个问题发表一下你的看法。

专业基础
第一部分（50分）略
第二部分：
论述：
1：党锢之祸与东汉晚年的政治现实。

（35分）
2：试论述曹丕《典论.论文》的主要内容。

（30分）
3：结合现代小说的创作实践分析现代小说与古代小说之间的联系。

（35分）。

北京外国语大学英汉同声传译(试题和答案)2004年考研试题研究生入学考试试题考研真题

北京外国语大学英汉同声传译(试题和答案)2004年考研试题研究生入学考试试题考研真题北京外国语大学。

2004年硕士研究生入学考试。

英汉同声传译专业试卷。

Ⅰ. 将下列单句译成汉语（25分）。

1）In the first half of this year, China’s GDP grew by8.2%--despite the SARS virus. Electricity demand rose by 15% in the same period, led by power-hungry industries such as steel and aluminum.。

2） China, anxious about capital flight and proud of its economic sovereignty, will not be browbeaten into floating the yuan by hectoring Americans.。

3） Power stations tend to be built far from cities, and to be surr ounded by idle “buffer” land. It is suggested that greenhouses could be built no this land with the exhaust from the power station pumped in go supply the heat they need. Such greenhouses could be used to grow fruit, vegetables and flowers cheaply.。

4） Out of all the unbecoming parts of drug addiction, the search for clean needles is particularly ghastly. Dirty needles account for a third of all reported AIDS cases: they also explain why half of all long-term addicts get hepatitisC.。

北语2003--2014汉语言文字学初试真题

北语2003--2014汉语言文字学初试真题BLU 2003-2014年汉语言文字学初试真题2014年现代汉语（150’）1.用严氏国际音标小熊儿小孩儿老伴儿轻声是什么？为什么不说轻声是第五种声调？说明原因说明i n ng 的儿化韵规律2.什么是音节？根据声韵配合规律指出下列的错误Dueng冬 muo 墨3.同义词辨析到达达到表现表达辨析近义词动词从哪些角度4.归并义项我报名报社在看报画报海报报仇报以热烈的掌声那些是语素义是多义词还是同音词5、给了两个句子，找出词，并分析结构678、两个句子的词的成分结构9、数量短语作宾语还是做补语10、义项和语素义的关系11、“如果……就……”和“只要……就……”的区别12、语义特征是什么？语义特征的局限。

与一般语素的区别语纲50’一、名词解释（4*4）语言接触句法关系语族二、简答（3*8）1、文字和语言是不是一样？为什么2、给了几个词，说明构造方式，结合一种比较熟悉的语言，说明汉语结构的不同3、描述[k’][y][a]的发音情况，是否可以看成一个音位三、论述吴语区，粤语区，与晋语区的人交流有困难，原因是什么。

请结合语言学原理进行解释。

古汉100’一、简答（1）藻饰（2）传、注、疏、笺各自的特点（3）《康熙字典》收字多少个，作者（4）被字句的类型好像还有一个，记不清啦。

二、名词解释许叔重《孟子章句》《尔雅》还有暂时想不起来了，大家可以补充啊三、“以”的分析四、解释加点字五、翻译课外的一段话2013年现代汉语一、请写出所有开口呼韵母，并说明-i[ ]和i在发音上有什么区别。

10分二、请用汉语拼音和严式音标注明下面的句子，有音变的要标出音变，并回答下列问题。

101. 我们再等等看看有什么动静没有。

2. 我们在他出去的时候再走吧。

问题一：请结合实例分析两个上声相连时的音变现象。

问题二：请说明现代汉语里哪些字容易读轻声。

三、说明词义的性质。

10四、请结合汉语拼音方案里音位d和e的情况，说明音位归并的原则。

北京外国语大学北外 2004年英语语言文学考研真题及答案解析

北京外国语大学2004年硕士生入学考试英语语言文学专业试卷Time Limit: Three Hours Total Points: 150All answers must be written on the answer sheets.Section 1 Matching（30 points）Match each of the following ten passages with its source. There are more sources than passages here, and one source may be matched with more than one passage.Write the passage number and the corresponding source letter for each answer. For example, suppose Passage 11 is the following:Only one same reason is shared by all of us: we wish to create worlds as real as, but other than the world that is. Or was. This is why we cannot plan. We know a world is an organism, not a machine. We also know that a genuinely created world must be independent of its creator; a planned world (a world that fully reveals its planning) is a dead world. It is only when our characters and events begin to disobey us that they begin to live.And its source is [M] John Fowles. Then your answer will be 11M.Sources (From A to L)[Al Geoffrey Chaucer [G] Ernest Hemingway[B] Kate Chopin [H] John Keats[C] Joseph Conrad [I] D. H. Lawrence[D] Frederick Douglass [J] Percy Bysshe Shelley[E] T. S. Eliot [K] John Steinbeck[Fl Thomas Hardy [L] Harriet Beecher StowePassages1. The meaning of an episode was not inside like a kernel but outside, enveloping the tale which brought it out only as a glow brings out a haze, in the likeness of one of these halos that sometimes are made visible by the spectral illumination of moonshine.2. The migrant people, scuttling for work, scrabbling to live, looked always for pleasure, dug for pleasure, manufactured pleasure, and they were hungry for amusement.3. A green and yellow parrot, which hung in a cage outside the door, kept repeating over and over:"Allez vous-en.t Allez vous-en! Sapristi.t That's all fight!"4. In that dizzy moment her feet to her scarce seemed to touch the ground, and a moment brought, her to the water's edge. Right on behind they came, and, nerved with strength such as God gives only to the desperate, with one wild cry, and flying leap, she vaulted sheer over the turbid current by the shore, on to the raft of ice beyond.5. I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their ages as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant.6. We two whites stood over him, and his lustrous and inquiring glance enveloped us both. I declare it looked as though he would presently put to us some question in an understandable language; but he died without uttering a sound, without moving a limb, without twitching a muscle. Only in the very last moment, as though in response to some sign we could not see, to some whisper we could not hear, he frowned heavily, and that frown gave to his black death-mask an inconceivably somber, brooding, and menacing expression.7. It is the same! —For, be it joy or sorrow,The path of its departure still is free;Man's yesterday may ne'er'be like his morrow;Nought may endure but Mutability.8. A snake came to my water troughOn a hot, hot day, and I in pajamas for the heat,To drink there.9.The river's tent is broken: the last fingers of leafClutch and sink into the wet bank. The windCrosses the brown land, unheard. The nymphs are departed.10.Good table manners she had learnt as well:She never let a crumb from her mouth fall;She never soiled her fingers, dipping deepInto the sauce; when lifting to her lipsSome morsel, she was careful not to spillSo much as one small drop upon her breast.Her greatest pleasure was in etiquette.The following sections of the examination will be graded on both what you say and how you say it.Section2 Short Essays (90 points)I. Summarize the plot of the following story in your own words (around200 words). (30points)2. Comment on the role of the wicked boy in the story. (30points)3.What is the theme of the story? Pay particular attention to the ending. (30points)A Wicked BoyBy Anton ChekhovIvan Ivanych Lapkin, a young man of nice appearance, and Anna Semionovna Zamblitskaia, a young girl with a little mined-up nose, went down the steep bank and sat down on a small bench. The bench stood right by the water among some thick young osier bushes. What a wonderful little place! Once you've sat down, you were hidden from the world—only the fish saw you, and the water-tigers, running like lightning over the water. The young people were armed with rods, nets, cans of worms, and other fishing equipment. Having sat down, they started fishing right away."I'm glad we're alone at last," Lapkin began, looking around. "I have to tell you a lot of things, Anna Semionovna... an awful lot... when I saw you the first time.... You've got a bite.... then I understood what I'm living for, understood where my idol was--to whom I must devote my honest, active life... that must be a big one that's biting.... Seeing you, I feel in love for the first time, feel passionately in love! Wait before you give it a jerk.... let it bite harder.... Tell me, my darling, I adjure you, may I count on--not on reciprocity, no! I'm not worthy of that, I dare not even think of that—may I count on .... Pull!"Anna Semionovna raised her hand with the rod in it, yanked, and cried out. A little silvery-green fish shimmered in the air."My Lord, a perch! Ah, ah.... Quickly! It's getting free!"The perch got free of the hook, flopped through the' grass toward its native element.... and plopped into the water!In pursuit of the fish, Lapkin somehow inadvertently grabbed Anna Semionovna's hand instead of the fish, inadvertently pressed it to his lips.... She quickly drew it back, but it was already too late; their mouths inadvertently merged in a kiss. It happened somehow inadvertently. Another kiss followed the first, then vows and protestations.... What happy minutes! However, in this earthly life there is no absolute happiness. Happiness usually carries a poison in itself, or else. is poisoned by something from outside. So this time, too. As the young people were kissing, a laugh suddenly rang out. They glanced at the river and were stupefied: a naked boy was standing in the water up to his waist. This was Kolia, a schoolboy, Anna Semionovna's brother. He was standing in the water, staring at the young people, and laughing maliciously."Ah-ah-ah... you're kissing?" he said. "That's great! I'll tell Mama.""I hope that you, as an honest young man..." muttered Lapkin, blushing. "It's low-down to spy, and to tell tales is foul and detestable... I assume that you, as an honest and noble young man...""Give me a ruble and then I won't tell!" said the noble young man. "Or else I will."Lapkin pulled a ruble out of his pocket and gave it to Kolia. Kolia squeezed the ruble in his wet fist, whistled, and swam off. And the young people didn't kiss any more that time.The next day Lapkin brought Kolia some paints and a ball from town, and his sister gave him all her empty pill-boxes. After that they had to give him some cuff-links with dogs' heads on them. The wicked boy obviously liked all these things very much and, in order to get still more, he started keeping his eye on them. Wherever Lapkin and Anna Semionovna went, he went, too. He didn't leave them alone for a minute."The bastard!" Lapkin gnashed his teeth. "So little, and already such a real bastard! What's he going to be like later?!"All through June, Kolia made life impossible for the poor lovers. He threatened to tell on them, kept his eye on them, and demanded presents; it all wasn't enough for him, and he finally started talking about a pocket watch. And what then? They had to promise the watch.One time at dinner, when the waffle cookies were being passed, he suddenly burst out in aguffaw, winked an eye, and asked Lapkin:"Shall I tell? Huh?"Lapkin blushed terribly and started eating his napkin instead of the cookie. Anna Semionovna jumped up from the table and ran into the other room. And the young people found themselves in this position until the end of August, until the very day when, at last, Lapkin proposed to Anna Semionovna. Oh, what a happy day that was! Having talked to the parents of his bride, and having received their consent, Lapkin first of all ran out into the garden and started looking for Kolia. Once he had found him, he almost sobbed from delight and seized the wicked boy by the ear. Anna Semionovna, who had also been looking for Kolia, ran up, and seized him by the other ear. And you really ought to have seen what joy was written all over the lovers' faces as Kolia cried and begged them:"Dearest, darling, angels, I'll never do it again! Ow, ow! Forgive me!"And afterwards they both admitted that during the whole time they had been in love with each other they had never once felt such happiness, such breath-taking bliss as during those moments when they were pulling the wicked boy's ears.Section 3 Creative Thinking (30points)If you were the author, Somerset Maugham, what title would you give to the story below? Generate as many titles as you can before deciding on the best one. Be creative and go for quantity; list at least 10 titles.There was a merchant in Bagdad who sent his servant to market to buy provisions, and in a little while the servant came back, white and trembling, and said, "Master, just now when I was in the market, I was jostled by a woman in the crowd and when I turned I saw it was Death that jostled me. She looked at me and made a threatening gesture; now, lend me your horse, and I will ride away from this city and avoid my fate. I will go to Samarra and there Death will not find me." The merchant lent him his horse, and the servant mounted it, and he dug his spurs in its flanks and as fast as the horse could gallop he went. Then the merchant went down to the market, and he saw Death standing in the crowd and he came to Death and said, “Why did you make a threatening gesture to my servant when you saw him this morning?” “That was not a threatening gesture,”Death said. “It was only a start of surprise. I was astonished to see him in Bagdad, for I had an appointment with him tonight in Samarra.”Section4 Critical Thinking (20-point bonus)You do not have to do the task in this section, but you will get a 20-point bonus if you do it correctly.Identify errors in logic, if any, in the following arguments. Justify your answers.1. Hey, John, check this out! Two weeks ago, I bought this good luck charm, and I’ve been carrying with me every day. Since the, I’ve been carrying it around with me every day. Since then, I found $50 on the street, I got the apartment I was hoping for, and I got a date with Elaine! This good luck charm really works!2. Look, either we do a full-color glossy brochure or we don’t do anything at all. It’s better to have nothing than to have something shabby. Do it right or don’t do it at all.3. If we legalize marijuana, watch out-the legalization of cocaine and other drugs can’t be far behind.4. Do you support the ban of nuclear and biological weapons that would leave us defenseless against those countries that will continue to build nuclear and biological warheads in secret?5. One of the things those animal rights people want to do is to make you believe that a monkey has the same rights as a human being.This is the end of the examination.答案部分：北京外国语大学2004年硕士生入学考试英语语言文学专业试卷Time Limit: Three Hours Total Points: 150All answers must be written on the answer sheets.Section 1 Matching（30 points）（北京外国语大学2004年研）Match each of the following ten passages with its source. There are more sources than passages here, and one source may be matched with more than one passage.Write the passage number and the corresponding source letter for each answer. For example, suppose Passage 11 is the following:Only one same reason is shared by all of us: we wish to create worlds as real as, but other than the world that is. Or was. This is why we cannot plan. We know a world is an organism, not a machine. We also know that a genuinely created world must be independent of its creator; a planned world (a world that fully reveals its planning) is a dead world. It is only when our characters and events begin to disobey us that they begin to live.And its source is [M] John Fowles. Then your answer will be 11M.Sources (From A to L)[Al Geoffrey Chaucer [G] Ernest Hemingway[B] Kate Chopin [H] John Keats[C] Joseph Conrad [I] D. H. Lawrence[D] Frederick Douglass [J] Percy Bysshe Shelley[E] T. S. Eliot [K] John Steinbeck[Fl Thomas Hardy [L] Harriet Beecher StowePassages1. The meaning of an episode was not inside like a kernel but outside, enveloping the tale which brought it out only as a glow brings out a haze, in the likeness of one of these halos that sometimes are made visible by the spectral illumination of moonshine.2. The migrant people, scuttling for work, scrabbling to live, looked always for pleasure, dug for pleasure, manufactured pleasure, and they were hungry for amusement.3. A green and yellow parrot, which hung in a cage outside the door, kept repeating over and over:"Allez vous-en.t Allez vous-en! Sapristi.t That's all fight!"4. In that dizzy moment her feet to her scarce seemed to touch the ground, and a moment brought, her to the water's edge. Right on behind they came, and, nerved with strength such as God gives only to the desperate, with one wild cry, and flying leap, she vaulted sheer over the turbid current by the shore, on to the raft of ice beyond.5. I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it. By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their ages as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant.6. We two whites stood over him, and his lustrous and inquiring glance enveloped us both. I declare it looked as though he would presently put to us some question in an understandable language; but he died without uttering a sound, without moving a limb, without twitching a muscle. Only in the very last moment, as though in response to some sign we could not see, to some whisper we could not hear, he frowned heavily, and that frown gave to his black death-mask an inconceivably somber, brooding, and menacing expression.7. It is the same! —For, be it joy or sorrow,The path of its departure still is free;Man's yesterday may ne'er'be like his morrow;Nought may endure but Mutability.8. A snake came to my water troughOn a hot, hot day, and I in pajamas for the heat,To drink there.9.The river's tent is broken: the last fingers of leafClutch and sink into the wet bank. The windCrosses the brown land, unheard. The nymphs are departed.10.Good table manners she had learnt as well:She never let a crumb from her mouth fall;She never soiled her fingers, dipping deepInto the sauce; when lifting to her lipsSome morsel, she was careful not to spillSo much as one small drop upon her breast.Her greatest pleasure was in etiquette.参考答案：1C 2K 3B 4L 5D 6C 7J 8I 9E 10 ?The following sections of the examination will be graded on both what you say and how you say it.Section2 Short Essays (90 points) （北京外国语大学2004年研）I. Summarize the plot of the following story in your own words (around200 words). (30points)2. Comment on the role of the wicked boy in the story. (30points)3.What is the theme of the story? Pay particular attention to the ending. (30points)A Wicked BoyBy Anton ChekhovIvan Ivanych Lapkin, a young man of nice appearance, and Anna Semionovna Zamblitskaia, a young girl with a little mined-up nose, went down the steep bank and sat down on a small bench. The bench stood right by the water among some thick young osier bushes. What a wonderful little place! Once you've sat down, you were hidden from the world—only the fish saw you, and the water-tigers, running like lightning over the water. The young people were armed with rods, nets, cans of worms, and other fishing equipment. Having sat down, they started fishing right away."I'm glad we're alone at last," Lapkin began, looking around. "I have to tell you a lot of things, Anna Semionovna... an awful lot... when I saw you the first time.... You've got a bite.... then I understood what I'm living for, understood where my idol was--to whom I must devote my honest, active life... that must be a big one that's biting.... Seeing you, I feel in love for the first time, feel passionately in love! Wait before you give it a jerk.... let it bite harder.... Tell me, my darling, I adjure you, may I count on--not on reciprocity, no! I'm not worthy of that, I dare not even think of that—may I count on .... Pull!"Anna Semionovna raised her hand with the rod in it, yanked, and cried out. A little silvery-green fish shimmered in the air."My Lord, a perch! Ah, ah.... Quickly! It's getting free!"The perch got free of the hook, flopped through the' grass toward its native element.... and plopped into the water!In pursuit of the fish, Lapkin somehow inadvertently grabbed Anna Semionovna's hand instead of the fish, inadvertently pressed it to his lips.... She quickly drew it back, but it was already too late; their mouths inadvertently merged in a kiss. It happened somehow inadvertently. Another kiss followed the first, then vows and protestations.... What happy minutes! However, in this earthly life there is no absolute happiness. Happiness usually carries a poison in itself, or else. is poisoned by something from outside. So this time, too. As the young people were kissing, a laugh suddenly rang out. They glanced at the river and were stupefied: a naked boy was standing in the water up to his waist. This was Kolia, a schoolboy, Anna Semionovna's brother. He was standing in the water, staring at the young people, and laughing maliciously."Ah-ah-ah... you're kissing?" he said. "That's great! I'll tell Mama.""I hope that you, as an honest young man..." muttered Lapkin, blushing. "It's low-down to spy, and to tell tales is foul and detestable... I assume that you, as an honest and noble young man...""Give me a ruble and then I won't tell!" said the noble young man. "Or else I will."Lapkin pulled a ruble out of his pocket and gave it to Kolia. Kolia squeezed the ruble in his wet fist, whistled, and swam off. And the young people didn't kiss any more that time.The next day Lapkin brought Kolia some paints and a ball from town, and his sister gave him all her empty pill-boxes. After that they had to give him some cuff-links with dogs' heads on them. The wicked boy obviously liked all these things very much and, in order to get still more, he started keeping his eye on them. Wherever Lapkin and Anna Semionovna went, he went, too. He didn't leave them alone for a minute."The bastard!" Lapkin gnashed his teeth. "So little, and already such a real bastard! What's he going to be like later?!"All through June, Kolia made life impossible for the poor lovers. He threatened to tell on them, kept his eye on them, and demanded presents; it all wasn't enough for him, and he finally started talking about a pocket watch. And what then? They had to promise the watch.One time at dinner, when the waffle cookies were being passed, he suddenly burst out in a guffaw, winked an eye, and asked Lapkin:"Shall I tell? Huh?"Lapkin blushed terribly and started eating his napkin instead of the cookie. Anna Semionovna jumped up from the table and ran into the other room. And the young people found themselves in this position until the end of August, until the very day when, at last, Lapkin proposed to Anna Semionovna. Oh, what a happy day that was! Having talked to the parents of his bride, and having received their consent, Lapkin first of all ran out into the garden and started looking for Kolia. Once he had found him, he almost sobbed from delight and seized the wicked boy by the ear. Anna Semionovna, who had also been looking for Kolia, ran up, and seized him by the other ear. And you really ought to have seen what joy was written all over the lovers' faces as Kolia cried and begged them:"Dearest, darling, angels, I'll never do it again! Ow, ow! Forgive me!"And afterwards they both admitted that during the whole time they had been in love with each other they had never once felt such happiness, such breath-taking bliss as during those moments when they were pulling the wicked boy's ears.参考答案：1. A young man, Lapkin fell in love with Anna. One day by the river as they were doing fishing, he expressed his love for her and they kissed. However, their kissing was discovered by Anna’s brother, Kolia. Kolia asked for a ruble, or he would go to Mama to tell on them. And he got the ruble. The next day Lapkin and Anna again gave him some presents for him to shut his mouth. Then the boy saw how much he could benefit from them. From time to time he demanded presents from the lovers and his small tricks would always work. While Kolia was content, it was the lovers who suffered. On the one hand, they were forced to meet Kolia’s demands for presents. On the other hand, Kolia kept a close watch on them so that they did not have free time of their own. It lasted about three months until the day when Lapkin proposed to Anna and got her parents’approval. Finally they got rid of the threat of Kolia and became librated. Then the lovers found out Kolia and punished him by seizing his ears.2. The wicked boy mainly plays two roles, one is that of obstruction, and the other is that of catalyst. Firstly, the wicked boy keeps a close watch on the lovers and goes wherever they go. Therefore, the lovers do not have time that belongs to them. So the wicked boy is an obstruction to the lovers. However, paradoxically, the wicked boy is also a catalyst in the development of the lovers’ relationship. On the one hand, with his tricks, the wicked boy becomes the common enemy of the lovers. And the two lovers work together to solve the problems raised by the wicked boy,which promotes the development of their relationship and also avoids the possibilities of their quarreling. Meanwhile, Lapkin’s proposal to Anna so early also to some extent attributes to the wicked boy’s tricks.3. The theme of the story is that freedom is the most valuable of all things. As we can see in the story, the lovers are kept watch by the wicked boy and are never left alone for even a minute. The wicked boy’s interference with the lovers’ life makes their life miserable so that they are not able to enjoy fully the time when they are dating. At last, after the proposal, they suddenly become overjoyed, as they finally bring their freedom back. That’s why at the end of the story, the lovers admits that they have never been so happy during their dating time as during the moments when they are punishing the boy by pulling his ears.Section 3 Creative Thinking (30points) （北京外国语大学2004年研）If you were the author, Somerset Maugham, what title would you give to the story below? Generate as many titles as you can before deciding on the best one. Be creative and go for quantity; list at least 10 titles.There was a merchant in Bagdad who sent his servant to market to buy provisions, and in a little while the servant came back, white and trembling, and said, "Master, just now when I was in the market, I was jostled by a woman in the crowd and when I turned I saw it was Death that jostled me. She looked at me and made a threatening gesture; now, lend me your horse, and I will ride away from this city and avoid my fate. I will go to Samarra and there Death will not find me." The merchant lent him his horse, and the servant mounted it, and he dug his spurs in its flanks and as fast as the horse could gallop he went. Then the merchant went down to the market, and he saw Death standing in the crowd and he came to Death and said, “Why did you make a threatening gesture to my servant when you saw him this morning?” “That was not a threatening gesture,”Death said. “It was only a start of surprise. I was astonished to see him in Bagdad, for I had an appointment with him tonight in Samarra.”参考答案:How Far Can He Escape?; The Doomed; Fate; Appointment with Death; The Meeting with Death: Escape Into His Destiny; To Escape or Not to Escape, That is a Question; The Servant and the Death; Stay Where You Are; Is to Escape the Best Strategy out of the Thirty-six Stratagem?Section4 Critical Thinking (20-point bonus)（北京外国语大学2004年研）You do not have to do the task in this section, but you will get a 20-point bonus if you do it correctly.Identify errors in logic, if any, in the following arguments. Justify your answers.1. Hey, John, check this out! Two weeks ago, I bought this good luck charm, and I’ve been carrying with me every day. Since the, I’ve been carrying it around with me every day. Since then, I found $50 on the street, I got the apartment I was hoping for, and I got a date with Elaine! This good luck charm really works!2. Look, either we do a full-color glossy brochure or we don’t do anything at all. It’s better to have nothing than to have something shabby. Do it right or don’t do it at all.3. If we legalize marijuana, watch out-the legalization of cocaine and other drugs can’t be far behind.本文档来源于布丁考研网（），全国最真实、最全面的考研真题及资料库。

往年汉语卷&答案

2004年对外汉语教师资格考试全国统一试题汉语试卷（时间：150分钟）现代汉语（80分）现代汉语试卷一、语音部分1、用汉语拼音给下列句子注音。

文化局领导安排有关研究人员去西安做历史专题调查。

2、有的学生将“吃饱”读成“qipao”，“有趣”读成“youqi”。

请从声母的发音角度进行分析。

3、写出下列汉语音节中划线字母的国际音标。

shi xu er chi4、举例简要说明儿化的作用。

二、文字部分下列词语中如有别字，请加以改正。

鞠躬尽粹（）动辙得咎（）戳力同心（）卑躬曲膝（）有持无恐（）随声附合（）风声鹤泪（）宽洪大量（）三、词汇部分1、选择题：（1）“那/个/开/摩托车/的/苗条/姑娘/”可切分出：A、1个语素，8个词B、10个语素，7个词C、9个语素，7个词D、10个语素6个词（2）下列属于附加式合成词的是：A、箭头B、演化C、乱糟糟D、瓜子（3）“雪白、雪耻、望子成龙”这三个词语的构成方式分别是：A、偏正、补充、连动B、联合、动宾、兼语C、补充、动宾、连动D、偏正、动宾、兼语（4）下面全是叠音式单纯词的是：A、弟弟、常常B、猩猩、往往C、弟弟、猩猩D、常常、往往（5）“看花看得眼睛都花了”中，前后两个“花”分别用的是多义词“花”的A、基本义、引申义B、基本义、比喻义C、引申义、基本义D、引申义、比喻义（6）“旅客出口处”和“原油出口处”中的“出口”是：A、同音同义词B、同形异读词C、多音多义词D、同音同形词（7）反义词指的是：A、个感情色彩相反或相对的词B、两个理性义相反的词C、两个感情色彩或理性意义相反的词D、两个理性义相反或相对的词2、词语辨析（1）夫人妻子老婆（2）明显显著3、选择括弧中合适的词并简要说明理由。

（1）我现在没时间，有事（A以后；B后来）再说吧。

（2）都是老朋友，（A何苦；B何必）客气呢。

（3）别总是（A怪怨；B埋怨）别人，你自己也有责任。

四、语法部分1、判断下列说法是否正确，正确的画√，错误的画ⅹ (4分)(1)汉语的词类和句法成分之间有比较整齐的对应关系。

北京语言大学古汉语试题

北京语言大学古汉语试题作者:日期: 23 4 52009古代漢語部分簡答 3' *5=15 ‘ 簡介《說文解字》，說明其影響之”、其”都可以做人稱代詞，說明他們用法上的限制介詞乎”和于”的使用範圍的不同點解釋月建和三正兩個概念骈體文和散文語言特點的對比二、準确翻譯下列句子，說明舉重的詞義活用現象 3' *5=15 ‘越國以鄙遠，君知其難也宗廟之事，如會同，願爲小相焉（北語壓縮了，這道題有點卡，所以記得很清楚）且夫我嘗聞少仲尼之聞，而輕伯夷之義者一悟萬乘之主而從車百乘者，商之所長也5、三、準确翻譯下列句子，給讀破的字注音 3' *5=15 ‘夫人朝夕退而遊焉，以論執政之善否。

不如小決使道，不如吾聞而藥之。

彼其于世，未數數然也。

微管仲，吾其披發左衽矣。

聖人爲而不恃，功成而不處，其不欲見賢耶？（卷面上确是問号）翻譯句子和解釋加點詞 3' *5=15 ‘滕公，，，，，，，（雖然），未聞道也五、句讀和翻譯15 ‘範宣子爲政，諸侯之币重，鄭人病之。

四鄰諸侯不聞令德，而聞重币，僑也惑之。

僑聞君子長國家者，非無賄之患，而無令名之難。

夫諸侯之賄聚于公室，則諸侯貳。

若吾子賴之，則晉國貳。

諸侯貳，則晉國壞；晉國貳，則子之家壞，何沒沒也！将焉用賄？夫令名，德之輿也；德，國家之基也。

有基無壞，無亦是務乎！有德則樂，樂則能久。

《詩》雲:樂隻君子，邦家之基’，有令德也夫！上帝臨女，無貳爾心’，有令名也夫！恕思以明德，則令名載而行之, 是以遠至迩安。

象有齒以焚其身，賄也。

”宣子說，乃輕币。

2008北语古代汉语75 '九翻译句子，说明句式的特点 20'若是其靡也，死不如速朽之愈也。

将虢是灭，何爱于虞？问道百，以为莫己若。

为之斗斛以量之，则并与斗斛而窃之仁义修则见信，见信则受事十翻译句子，写出通假字 20' 1位尊而无功，奉厚而无劳，而挟重器多也3 / 125、四古之人（所以）大過人者，無他焉,善推其所爲而已矣。

北京语言大学对外汉语考研真题完整版

2004年对外汉语专业考题及参考答案现代汉语1.现代汉语普通话的浊辅音分别是什么？各写出汉语拼音和国际音标。

（5分）注释：写出一个一分，拼音和音标要都对才行，只对一个不得分。

答案：分别是m[m],n[n],l[l],r[ ],ng[ ].（后两个自己查书，打不出来）2.举例对现代汉语普通话的单元音/u/的各种条件变体进行描述。

（8分）答案：（1）：作韵腹。

例如：古[ku]，棍[kun]。

（2分）（2）[ ]：做韵尾。

例如：好[x ]，后[xo ]。

（2分）（3）[w]：做韵头（零声母）。

例如：完[wan]，为[wei]。

（2分）（4）[ ]：在[-f]声母后。

例如：夫[f ]，父[f ]。

（2分）3.写出现代汉语的六个擦音和国际音标。

（6分）答案：s[s], h[x], sh[ ], r[ ], f[f], x[ ]。

（国际音标有的打不出来，请自己查书）（每个1分）4.给下列八个词标注国际音标。

（8分）最后，吸烟，远方，音节，前途，老鼠，军训，展览馆。

注释：这道题每年的例词会不一样，在复习提纲中也有相应的例子。

答案：[zuei53 xou51], [ i55 n], [yan21 fa 55], [in55 t 35], [t n35 tu35]， [lau21 u214], [t yn55 t yn 51], [t an21 lan21 kuan214]5.把下面这句话的变调的字找出来，并说明变调的情况：一群小鱼儿在河里游。

（8分）答案：一（音[i51]），小（音[ iau21]），鱼儿（儿化），里（轻声）。

6.举例说明离合词和词组的关系（25分）答案：（1）关于离合词：离合词主要指的是动宾式的一些词，例如“毕业，见面，结婚，道歉，操心，做主，留神，散步，叹气，担心”等，也可称为离合动词。

这种词一直是一个引起人们广泛关注的问题，在对外汉语教学中也是一个较难处理的问题。

有人认为这种词是词组，也有人认为是词，还有人认为是离则为词组，合则为词的离合词。

研究生-同传专业考试2004

4) Out of all the unbecoming parts of drug addiction, the search for clean needles is particularly ghastly. Dirty needles account for a third of all reported AIDS cases: they also explain why half of all long-term addicts get hepatitis C.
4) 已经有一整年没活动筋骨了，整天坐在研究室里，翻阅资料，逐渐感觉到身体的机能在退化，筋骨像是长了锈，甚至出现腰酸背痛的迹象。
5) 澳门是中国南海边的一个小城，面积现有约24平方公里，人口也不过约43万人。但是，在中国的高等教育发展史上，书写了光辉的开创篇，因为中国第一所西式大学就是在这里于1594年创办的。
China's trading partners do have legitimate grievances, but it would be irresponsible and inaccurate for American politicians to pin the United States' economic sluggishness on scheming culprits in Beijing. Traveling in Asia in October, Treasury Secretary John Snow heeded political pressures back home in exhorting Chinese leaders to let the market price their currency. This is a desirable outcome in the long run, but a raft of immediate caveats come to mind.

04年北师大对外汉语考研试题

中国文学史（50分）
一．议论题（10分）
1．谈谈中国古代文学中的意境
二．简答体（20分）
1．谈谈《水浒传》中的语言特色2．谈谈张爱玲的思想主张，写作特色及语言特点3．为什么说“白居易是杜甫有意识的继承者”4．谈谈新月派的主要作者及思想主张
三．填空（20分）
1严羽2汉园三诗人。

现代汉语（40分）
一．简答题
1．现代汉语中汉字的形音关系有几种？2．为什么说汉字是表意文字？3．4．
二．分析下列句子中加点的字的感情色彩的变化。

三．区分下列同义词
1．幸亏。

多亏2．分外。

格外
古代汉语（60分）
一．名词解释
1．通假字2．偏义复词
二．解释带点的字并翻译句子
三．划分句子成分（范。

三）
四．打标点并翻译文章（孟子：君子曰以礼待之。

）
现代汉语（60分）
一．填空（9分）
1．几个声母。

韵母。

声调，音节2．韵母中哪几个可作韵头，韵尾
二．简答题（11分）
1．辅音发音方法相同及发音部位不同比较3组2．用国际音标注出普通话中所有的单元音
三．按从大到小的切分式图解分析下列短语
四．产生含义差别的原因
1．我等了10分钟车才来2．我才等了10分钟车就来了五．分析下列修辞效果
语言学概论（90分）
一填空题（2分）
1．乔姆斯基的成名作的汉语译名是--------2．．．．．．．．二解释下列术语
1．女书2．语义场3．隐喻。

中国社会科学院古代汉语2004真题

中国社会科学院研究生院2004年硕士生入学考试古代汉语试题一、基础知识（共50）1.解释句中加点的字（20）（1）不迁怒，不贰过。

（2）初，宣子田于首山，舍于翳桑。

（3）曹公，豺豹也，然托名汉相，挟天子以征四方，动以朝廷为辞。

（4）德之不修也，学之不讲也，闻益不能徙也，不善不能改也，是吾忧也。

2.释词（10）（1）唾面自干（2）长袖善舞3.写出下列著作的作者与时代（10）（1）《说文解字》（2）《类篇》4.改正句读错误（10）（1）尔为蠹蠹小虫,当安窟穴,那得凭托妖崇,受人血!食吾今与女约（2）韩公之于戎昱,既徇所求。

奇章之望,牧之更宜自爱。

二、句读(40)(一)昔武王克商，成王定之，选建明德，以蕃屏周。

故周公相王室，以尹天下，于周为睦。

分鲁公以大路，大旂，夏后氏之璜，封父之繁弱，殷民六族，条氏、徐氏、萧氏、索氏、长勺氏、尾勺氏。

使帅其宗氏，辑其分族，将其类丑，以法则周公，用即命于周。

是使之职事于鲁，以昭周公之明德。

分之土田倍敦，祝、宗、卜、史，备物、典策，官司、彝器。

因商奄之民，命以《伯禽》，而封于少皞之虚。

分康叔以大路、少帛、綪茷、旃旌、大吕，殷民七族，陶氏、施氏、繁氏、锜氏、樊氏、饥氏、终葵氏；封畛土略，自武父以南，及圃田之北竟，取于有阎之土，以共王职。

取于相土之东都，以会王之东蒐。

聃季授土，陶叔授民，命以《康诰》，而封于殷虚。

皆启以商政，疆以周索。

分唐叔以大路，密须之鼓，阙巩，沽洗，怀姓九宗，职官五正。

命以《唐诰》，而封于夏虚，启以夏政，疆以戎索。

(二)帝乃西都洛阳。

夏五月，兵皆罢归家。

诏曰：“诸侯子在关中者，复之十二岁，其归者半之。

民前或相聚保山泽，不书名数，今天下已定，令各归其县，复故爵田宅，吏以文法教训辨告，勿笞辱。

民以饥饿自卖为人奴婢者，皆免为庶人。

军吏卒会赦，甚亡罪而亡爵及不满大夫者，皆赐爵为大夫。

故大夫以上，赐爵各一级。

其七大夫以上，皆令食邑；非七大夫以下，皆复其身及户，勿事。

北京语言大学现代汉语考研试题总汇

北京语言大学现代汉语考研试题总汇现代汉语试题篇2005年一、声母和辅音各自是从什么角度划分的，请举例说明二者的区别。

（9）二、用国际音标列出普通话中的合口呼韵母，并说明四呼在普通话声韵配合关系中的作用。

（10）三、用严式音标给下列儿化词语标音（若有其他应变现象一并标出），并说明儿化的音变规律。

（10）1、一点儿2、草稿儿3、毛驴儿4、树枝儿?? 5花瓶儿四、用严式音标给汉字注音，说明/u/的音位变体和分布条件。

（8）1、?? 水2、福3、问4、够五、给下列语音单位分类并回答。

（12）肃不德大箱子天作之合雷声大雨点小敲竹杠红纸刘备招亲路遥知马力，日久见人心1、语素是否是词汇的构成单位？为什么？2、熟语与自由短语的区别是什么？为什么?六、根据词典释义，分析下列词语词义与语素义的关系。

（10）1、精彩：（表演、展览、言论、文章等）优美，出色2、理事：代表团体行使职权并处理事情的人3、浪潮：指大规模的社会运动或声势浩大的群众性行动4、舟楫：<书>船只5、承办：接受办理七、辨析同义词。

（12）1、藏——躲藏2、典型——榜样八、举例分析“厚”与“薄”可在哪些义项上构成反义关系，在哪些义项上没有构成反义关系，并进一步解释造成二者义项对应差异的原因。

（9）九、指出下列各组词在语法上的相同点和不同点（20）1、市民——晚上2、矫健——中型3、现在——正在4、但——却十、观察短语然后1、分别指出这些短语的结构类型（10）2、分析指出在构成手段上，汉语的短语和符合此有什么相同点和不同点（5）爹妈他们（?? ）把这个（?? ）解放以前（?? ）木头似的（?? ）约他来（?? ）吃食堂（?? ）拉住不放（?? ）踹一脚（?? ）这个（?? ）说笑（?? ）十一、分析下列句中主语的句法、语义构成情况，归纳并指出汉语主语的句法、语义构成特征（5）1、我吃完饭了。

2、件件都做得很好。

3、村子里很肃静。

4、他来是对的。

2004年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试现代汉语试题(1)

2004年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试现代汉语试题(1)各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢课程代码：00535第一部分选择题（共30分）一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.从语言学的角度看口语和书面语的差别，主要在()a.词汇方面b.语法方面c.风格方面d.表述形式方面2.成语的汉语拼音都正确的是()a.各奔前程gèbènqiánchéngb.废话连篇fèihuàniánpiānc.势均力敌sìjūnlìdíd.栉比鳞次jiébǐlǐncì3.下列汉字中，不含辅音音素的音节是()a.用b.围c.回d.安4.属于舌尖后音的声母是()5.在普通话中，下列韵母中都能和声母c相拼合的是()、、uei、、uai6.“一月、一年”中的“一”应该读作()a.阴平、阳平b.阳平、阴平c.阴平、去声d.阳平、去声7.“笔画细瘦”和“笔画肥大厚实”分别是两种字体的特点，这两种字体是()a.金文和甲骨文b.金文和小篆c.甲骨文和小篆d.甲骨文和金文8.下列四组字中不是左形右声的是()a.政修荆棘b.岭扶依唱c.忆慌杨抬d.记济估惜9.“蝴蝶在西双版纳的森林里飞舞”这句话中包含的语素有()个个个个10.下列各组词中全部是联绵词的是()a.仓猝、唐突、苗条、蝙蝠b.坎坷、蟋蟀、枇杷、依据c.详细、伶俐、逍遥、朦胧d.馄饨、平安、吩咐、罗嗦11.“令人发指”和“大显身手”这两个成语的结构分别是()a.偏正结构、主谓结构b.兼语结构、述宾结构c.兼语结构、连动结构d.述补结构、述宾结构12.“文章”原来指“刺绣品”，现在指“文字作品”，这个词的词义变化属于()a.词义的扩大b.词义的缩小c.词义的虚化d.词义的转移13.“他的缺席使大家感到不快”和“他缺席这件事使大家感到不快”中的主语分别是()a.偏正短语、主谓短语b.偏正短语、同位短语c.述宾短语、述宾短语d.述宾短语、主谓短语14.下列短语都属于联合短语的是()a.安徽上海、又唱又跳、干净明亮b.微笑着说、语法修辞、站着不动c.东岳泰山、老王同志、唱歌跳舞d.不走进去、严肃对待、严肃认真15.“上完了课就去学校了”中的两个“了”的词性是()a.助词和助词b.语气词和语气词c.助词和语气词d.语气词和助词16.下列各项中，都可以重叠的是()a.漂亮、奇怪、干净b.虚心、伟大、优秀c.喷香、漆黑、卫生d.美丽、秀丽、良好17.下列句子属于存现句的是()a.有个村庄叫姜格庄b.许多花种在院子里c.桌子都堆在教室里d.迎面扑来了阵阵花香18.下列句子中不属于“被”字句的是()a.我为他的事迹所感动b.他让校长到教师那儿走走c.弟弟让他说哭了d.他的意见为厂长所接受19.下面四个句子中，加点的词是复说语的是()a.他们知道你，那些中学生们b.他们知道你，那些中学生们c.他们知道你，那些中学生们d.他们知道你，那些中学生们20.“看吧，狂风紧紧抱起一层层巨浪，恶狠狠地将它们甩到悬崖上，把这些大块的翡翠摔成尘雾和碎末。

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