《面向对象程序设计》编程题复习及其答案

《面向对象程序设计》复习题1、（C++的输入输出）天猫优惠券，我就要券定义一个函数max，实现输入两个数a、b，比较并从小到大输出。

2、（函数的重载）（1）定义一个带两个参数的函数max，输出最大值。

（2）再定义一个带三个参数的函数max，输出最大值。

（3）主函数测试之。

3、（有默认参数的函数）将题2用带默认参数的函数实现。

4、（变量的引用）（1）定义一个swap1函数，以普通形参传入两个变量a、b，互换a、b的值。

（2）定义一个swap2函数，以指针形参传入两个变量a、b，互换a、b的值。

（3）定义一个swap3函数，以引用形参输入两个变量a、b，互换a、b的值。

（4）主函数定义两个变量x、y传入三个函数，观察x、y值前后的变化。

5、（类的定义）定义一个student类，数据成员包括：学号num，姓名name，年龄age，性别sex，成员函数包括：（1） set函数，键盘输入学号，姓名，年龄，性别（2） display函数，输出学生信息。

6、（构造函数和析构函数）定义一个student类，数据成员包括：学号num，姓名name，年龄age，性别sex，成员函数包括：（1）构造函数，初始化学号，姓名，年龄，性别（2）display函数，输出学生信息。

（3）析构函数，输出学生学号。

（4）主函数定义多个对象，并注意构造函数和析构函数的调用顺序。

7、（构造函数的重载）在题6基础上增加一个默认构造函数，实现构造函数的重载8、将题6用带默认参数的构造函数实现。

9、（对象数组和对象的动态建立及释放）在题8基础上，实现如下主函数：（1）在主函数中定义一个包含三个学生的数组，并初始化之。

（2）在主函数中定义一个student类指针p并用new运算符分配动态内存（3）用delete删除p指向的动态内存。

（4）观察构造函数和析构函数的调用。

10、（复制构造函数）在题8基础上新增加一个复制构造函数，并主函数新增复制构造对象。

11、（静态成员）定义一个student类，数据成员包括：学号num，姓名name，成绩score，累加总分sum，累计人数count。

成员函数包括：构造函数统计人数count；（1）非静态成员total函数，求sum。

（2）静态成员average函数，求平均成绩。

（3）主函数定义包含3个学生的数组，求三个学生的平均成绩。

12、（友元函数）定义一个Time类，私有数据成员包括：时hour、分minute、秒second成员函数：构造函数Time（）13、（运算符重载）(1)定义一个复数类，实现对“+”,>>,<<的重载，使之可实现以下主函数。

int main(){Complex a(3,4),b(1,2),c,d,e,f;c=a+b;d=a+5;e=3+b;cin>>f;cout<<f<<endl;return 0;}(2)定义一个Time类，实现对“++”的前缀、后缀重载。

P134i++:单目运算符天猫优惠券，我就要券14、(单继承及派生类构造函数)（1）定义一个person类，数据成员包括：姓名name,年龄age，性别sex成员函数：构造函数及display函数（2）定义一个派生类student，公有继承与person类,新增成员：专业major，入学日期enterdate(Date类自定义)。

（3）主函数定义student对象，各类构造函数的调用顺序。

15、（多继承）在14题基础上由person类再派生出teacher类，新增成员：职称title，工资wage16、（虚继承）由student类和teacher类共同派生出graduate类，新增成员: 年级grade，将person类定义成虚基类，实现用虚继承解决二义性。

17、（抽象类及多态性）定义一个抽象基类Shape，由它派生出5个派生类，Circle（圆形）、Square（正方形）、Rectangle （矩形）、Trapezoid（梯形）、Triangel（三角形）。

用虚函数分别计算几何图形面积，并求他们的和。

要求定义一个基类指针，使它指向每一个派生类对象，体现其多态性。

1、#include<iostream>using namespace std;void max(){int a,b;cout<<"请输入两个数："<<endl;cin>>a>>b;if(a>b)cout<<b<<" "<<a<<endl;elsecout<<a<<" "<<b<<endl;}int main(){max();return 0;}2、#include<iostream>void max(int a,int b){if(a>b)cout<<a<<endl;elsecout<<b<<endl;}void max(int a,int b,int c) {if(a>b && a>c)cout<<a<<endl;else if(b>c)cout<<b<<endl;elsecout<<c<<endl;}int main(){max(2,5);max(7,5,3);return 0;}3、#include<iostream>using namespace std;void max(int a,int b,int c=0) {if(a>b && a>c)cout<<a<<endl;else if(b>c)cout<<b<<endl;elsecout<<c<<endl;}int main(){max(2,5);max(7,5,3);return 0;}4、#include<iostream>using namespace std;void swap1(int a,int b){int temp;temp=a;a=b;b=temp;void swap2(int *a,int *b){int temp;temp=*a;*a=*b;*b=temp;}void swap3(int &a,int &b){int temp;temp=a;a=b;b=temp;}int main(){int x,y;x=5;y=7;swap1(x,y);cout<<"x="<<x<<" y="<<y<<endl;x=5;y=7;swap2(&x,&y);cout<<"x="<<x<<" y="<<y<<endl;x=5;y=7;swap3(x,y);cout<<"x="<<x<<" y="<<y<<endl;return 0;}5、#include<iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;class student{private:int num;string name;int age;char sex;public:void set(){cout<<"请输入：学号，姓名，年龄，性别（f or m）"<<endl;cin>>num>>name>>age>>sex;}void display(){cout<<"学号："<<num<<endl;cout<<"年龄："<<age<<endl;cout<<"性别："<<sex<<endl;}};int main(){student s;s.set();s.display();return 0;}6、#include<iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;class student{private:int num;string name;int age;char sex;public:/* void set(){cout<<"请输入：学号，姓名，年龄，性别（f or m）"<<endl;cin>>num>>name>>age>>sex;}*/student(int num,string name,int a,int s){cout<<"调用构造函数 num="<<num<<endl;this->num=num;this->name=name;age=a;sex=s;}天猫优惠券，我就要券void display(){cout<<"学号："<<num<<endl;cout<<"姓名："<<name<<endl;cout<<"年龄："<<age<<endl;cout<<"性别："<<sex<<endl;}~student(){cout<<"析构函数学号："<<num<<endl;}int main(){student s(1001,"张三",25,'f'),s1(1002,"李四",24,'m');//s.set();s.display();s1.display();return 0;}7、#include<iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;class student{private:int num;string name;int age;char sex;public:/* void set(){cout<<"请输入：学号，姓名，年龄，性别（f or m）"<<endl;cin>>num>>name>>age>>sex;}*/student(){cout<<"调用构造函数 num="<<0<<endl;num=0;name="";age=18;sex='f';}student(int num,string name,int a,int s){cout<<"调用构造函数 num="<<num<<endl;this->num=num;this->name=name;age=a;sex=s;}void display(){cout<<"学号："<<num<<endl;cout<<"姓名："<<name<<endl;cout<<"年龄："<<age<<endl;cout<<"性别："<<sex<<endl;~student(){cout<<"析构函数学号："<<num<<endl;}};int main(){student s(1001,"张三",25,'f'),s1(1002,"李四",24,'m'),s2;//s.set();s.display();cout<<endl;s1.display();cout<<endl;s2.display();cout<<endl;return 0;}8、#include<iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;天猫优惠券，我就要券class student{private:int num;string name;int age;char sex;public:student(int num=0,string name="",int a=18,int s='f'){cout<<"调用构造函数 num="<<num<<endl;this->num=num;this->name=name;age=a;sex=s;}void display(){cout<<"学号："<<num<<endl;cout<<"姓名："<<name<<endl;cout<<"年龄："<<age<<endl;cout<<"性别："<<sex<<endl;}~student(){cout<<"};int main(){student s(1001,"张三",25,'f'),s1(1002,"李四",24,'m'),s2;//s.set();s.display();cout<<endl;s1.display();cout<<endl;s2.display();cout<<endl;return 0;}9、#include<iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;class student{private:int num;string name;int age;char sex;public:student(int num=0,string name="",int a=18,int s='f'){cout<<"调用构造函数 num="<<num<<endl;this->num=num;this->name=name;age=a;sex=s;}void display(){cout<<"学号："<<num<<endl;cout<<"姓名："<<name<<endl;cout<<"年龄："<<age<<endl;cout<<"性别："<<sex<<endl;}~student(){cout<<"析构函数学号："<<num<<endl;}};int main(){student s[3]={student(1001,"张三",25,'f'),student(1002,"李四",24,'m')};{s[i].display();cout<<endl;}student *p;p=new student(1003,"王五",23,'f');p->display();cout<<endl;delete p;return 0;}10、#include<iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;class student{private:int num;string name;int age;char sex;public:student(int num=0,string name="",int a=18,int s='f') {cout<<"调用构造函数 num="<<num<<endl;this->num=num;this->name=name;age=a;sex=s;}student(student& s){num=s.num;name=;age=s.age;sex=s.sex;}void display(){cout<<"学号："<<num<<endl;cout<<"姓名："<<name<<endl;cout<<"年龄："<<age<<endl;cout<<"性别："<<sex<<endl;}~student(){cout<<"析构函数学号："<<num<<endl;};int main(){student s1(1001,"张三",25,'f');student s2(s1);s1.display();s2.display();return 0;}11、#include<iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;class student{private:int num;string name;float score;static float sum;static int count;public:student(int num=0,string name="",float s=80) {this->num=num;this->name=name;score=s;count++;}void display(){cout<<"学号："<<num<<endl;cout<<"姓名："<<name<<endl;cout<<"成绩："<<score<<endl;}void total();static float average();};float student::sum=0.0;int student::count=0;void student::total(){sum+=score;}float student::average(){return sum/count;int main(){student s[3]={student(1001,"张三",87),student(1002,"李四"),student(1003,"王五",90)};for (int i=0;i<3;i++){s[i].total();}cout<<"平均成绩："<<student::average()<<endl;return 0;}12、#include<iostream.h>// #include <string>// using namespace std;class Time{private:int hour;int minute;int second;public:Time(int h=12,int m=0,int s=0){hour=h;minute=m;second=s;}friend void display(Time&);};void display(Time& t){cout<<t.hour<<"时"<<t.minute<<"分"<<t.second<<"秒"<<endl;}int main(){Time t,t1(13,12,22);display(t);display(t1);return 0;}13、（1）//方法1：多次重载+#include<iostream.h>// #include <string>// using namespace std;class Complexprivate:float real;float image;public:Complex(float real,float image){this->real=real;this->image=image;}Complex(){real=0;image=0;}friend Complex operator+(Complex &a,Complex &b);friend Complex operator+(Complex &a,float b);friend Complex operator+(float a,Complex &b);friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& output,Complex a); friend istream& operator>>(istream& input,Complex a); };Complex operator+(Complex &a,Complex &b){return Complex(a.real+b.real,a.image+b.image);}Complex operator+(Complex &a,float b){return Complex(a.real+b,a.image);}Complex operator+(float a,Complex &b){return Complex(b.real+a,b.image);}ostream& operator<<(ostream& output,Complex a){if (a.image>0){output<<a.real<<"+"<<a.image<<"i"<<endl;}else{output<<a.real<<a.image<<"i"<<endl;}return output;}istream& operator>>(istream& input,Complex a){input>>a.real>>a.image;}int main(){Complex a(3,4),b(1,2),c,d,e,f;c=a+b;d=a+5;e=3+b;cout<<c<<endl;cin>>f;cout<<f<<endl;return 0;}//方法2：使用转换构造函数实现#include<iostream.h>class Complex{private:float real;float image;public:Complex(float real,float image){this->real=real;this->image=image;}Complex(){real=0;image=0;}//定义转换构造函数Complex(float r){real=r;image=0;}friend Complex operator+(Complex &a,Complex &b);friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& output,Complex a); friend istream& operator>>(istream& input,Complex a); };Complex operator+(Complex &a,Complex &b){return Complex(a.real+b.real,a.image+b.image);}ostream& operator<<(ostream& output,Complex a){if (a.image>0)output<<a.real<<"+"<<a.image<<"i"<<endl;}else{output<<a.real<<a.image<<"i"<<endl;}return output;}istream& operator>>(istream& input,Complex a) {input>>a.real>>a.image;return input;}int main(){Complex a(3,4),b(1,2),c,d,e,f;c=a+b;d=a+5;e=3+b;cout<<c<<endl;cin>>f;cout<<f<<endl;return 0;}（2）#include <iostream>using namespace std;class Time{public:Time(){minute=0;sec=0;}Time(int m,int s):minute(m),sec(s){}Time operator++();Time operator++(int);void display(){cout<<minute<<":"<<sec<<endl;} private:int minute;int sec;};Time Time::operator++(){if(++sec>=60){sec-=60;++minute;}return *this;}Time Time::operator++(int){Time temp(*this);sec++;if(sec>=60)++minute;}return temp;}int main(){Time time1(34,59),time2;cout<<" time1 : ";time1.display();++time1;cout<<"++time1: ";time1.display();time2=time1++;cout<<"time1++: ";time1.display();cout<<" time2 : ";time2.display();return 0;}14、#include<iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;class Date{private:int year;int month;int day;public:Date(int y=2013,int m=1,int d=1){year=y;month=m;day=d;}void display(){cout<<year<<"年"<<month<<"月"<<day<<"日"<<endl;}};class person{private:string name;int age;char sex;public:person(string n,int a,char s)age=a;sex=s;}void display(){cout<<"姓名："<<name<<endl;cout<<"年龄："<<age<<endl;cout<<"性别："<<sex<<endl;}};class student:public person{public:student(string n,int a,char s,string maj,int y,int m,int d ):person(n,a,s),enterdate(y,m,d){major=maj;}void display(){person::display();cout<<"专业："<<major<<endl;cout<<"入学日期：";enterdate.display();}private:string major;Date enterdate;//入学日期};int main(){student s("张三",20,'f',"通信",2012,9,6);s.display();return 0;}15、#include<iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;class Date{private:int year;int month;int day;public:Date(int y=2013,int m=1,int d=1)month=m;day=d;}void display(){cout<<year<<"年"<<month<<"月"<<day<<"日"<<endl;}};class person{private:string name;int age;char sex;public:person(string n,int a,char s){name=n;age=a;sex=s;}void display(){cout<<"姓名："<<name<<endl;cout<<"年龄："<<age<<endl;cout<<"性别："<<sex<<endl;}};class student:public person{public:student(string n,int a,char s,string maj,int y,int m,int d ):person(n,a,s),enterdate(y,m,d){major=maj;}void display(){person::display();cout<<"专业："<<major<<endl;cout<<"入学日期：";enterdate.display();}private:string major;Date enterdate;//入学日期class teacher:public person{public:teacher(string n,int a,char s,string t,float w):person(n,a,s) {title=t;wage=w;}void display(){person::display();cout<<"职称："<<title<<endl;}private:string title;float wage;};int main(){student s("张三",20,'f',"通信",2012,9,6);s.display();teacher t("李四",30,'m',"讲师",3000);t.display();return 0;}16、#include<iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;class Date{private:int year;int month;int day;public:Date(int y=2013,int m=1,int d=1){year=y;month=m;day=d;}void display(){cout<<year<<"年"<<month<<"月"<<day<<"日"<<endl;}};class personprivate:string name;int age;char sex;public:person(string n,int a,char s){name=n;age=a;sex=s;}void display(){cout<<"姓名："<<name<<endl;cout<<"年龄："<<age<<endl;cout<<"性别："<<sex<<endl;}};class student:virtual public person{public:student(string n,int a,char s,string maj,int y,int m,int d ):person(n,a,s),enterdate(y,m,d){major=maj;}void display(){person::display();cout<<"专业："<<major<<endl;cout<<"入学日期：";enterdate.display();}private:protected:string major;Date enterdate;//入学日期};class teacher:virtual public person{public:teacher(string n,int a,char s,string t,float w):person(n,a,s){title=t;wage=w;}void display()person::display();cout<<"职称："<<title<<endl;}private:protected:string title;float wage;};class graduate:public student,public teacher{public:graduate(string n,int a,char s,string maj,int y,int m,int d,string t,float w,string g):person(n,a,s),student(n,a,s,maj,y,m,d),teacher(n,a,s,t,w){grade=g;}void display(){person::display();cout<<"专业："<<major<<endl;cout<<"入学日期：";enterdate.display();cout<<"职称："<<title<<endl;cout<<"年级："<<grade<<endl;}protected:private:string grade;};int main(){student s("张三",20,'f',"通信",2012,9,6);s.display();teacher t("李四",30,'m',"讲师",3000);t.display();graduate g("王五",28,'f',"计算机",2008,9,6,"助教",1500,"研二");g.display();return 0;}17、#include<iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;class Shape{public:virtual void area()=0;};{public:Circle(double r):radius(r){}virtual void area(){cout<<"Circle area:"<<3.1415*radius*radius<<endl;}protected:double radius;};class Square:public Shape{public:Square(double s):side(s){}virtual void area(){cout<<"Square area:"<<side*side<<endl;}protected:double side;};class Rectangle:public Shape{public:Rectangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){}virtual void area(){cout<<"Rectangle area:"<< width*height<<endl;}protected:double width,height;};class Trapezoid:public Shape{public:Trapezoid(double t,double b,double h):top(t),bottom(b),height(h){} virtual void area(){cout<<"Trapezoid area:"<<0.5*(top+bottom)*height<<endl;}protected:double top,bottom,height;};class Triangle:public Shape{public:Triangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){}virtual void area(){cout<<"Triangle area:"<< 0.5*width*height<<endl;}protected:double width,height;};int main(){Circle cirle(12.6);Square square(3.5);Rectangle rect(4.5,8.4);Trapezoid trape(2.0,4.5,3.2);Triangle tria(4.5,8.4);Shape *p;p=&cirle;p->area();p=&square;p->area();p=&rect;p->area();p=&trape;p->area();p=&tria;p->area();return 0;}。