高三英语暑期微训练 阅读理解+历史地理类
高考英语 抓分训练 史地自然型阅读理解1
高考英语抓分训练史地自然型阅读理解1(限时：25分钟)AThe Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes.For thousands of years，Polynesian people lived in the remote island of Nauru，far from Western civilization.The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798.He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship.He called the island Pleasant Island.However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first.The whaling ships and other trade rs began to visit it，bringing guns and alcohol.These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.A tenyear civil war started，which reduced the population from 1，400 to 900.Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐)on the island.In fact，it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate，which was a very important fertilizer for farming.The company began mining the phosphate.A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground；it is a strip mine.When a company discovers strip mining，it removes the top layer of soil.Then it takes away the material it wants.Strip mining totally destroys the land.Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.In 1968，Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition，they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem—their phosphate was running out.Ninety per cent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000，Nauru was financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately$433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen.1. What might be the author's purpose in writing the text?A．To seek help for Nauru's problems.B．To give a warning to other countries.C．To show the importance of money.D．To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.2. What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?A．Rich and powerful.B．Modern and open.C．Peaceful and attractive.D．Greedy and aggressive.3. The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from________．A．soil pollutionB．phosphate overminingC．farming activityD．whale hunting4. Which of the following was a cause of Nauru's financial problem?A．Its leaders misused the money.B．It spent too much repairing the island.C．Its phosphate mining cost much money.D．It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.5. What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?A．The ecological damage is difficult to repair.B．The leaders will take the experts' words seriously.C．The island was abandoned by the Nauruans.D．The p hosphate mines were destroyed.BThat the Leaning Tower of Pisa no longer leans quite so much after a ￡20 million project to save it has proved to be a great success. The tower, which was on the edge of collapse, has been straightened by 18 inches, returning it to its 1838 position.“It has straightened a little bit more than we expected, but very little helps，”said Prof. John Burland, the only British member of the rescue c ommittee. “The tower is still very slightly moving towards being upright. ”The tower, which has been leaning almost since building work first began in 1173, was closed to the public in 1990 because of safety fears. The 183foot tower was nearly 15 feet off vertical and its structure was found to have been weakened by centuries of strain(作用力).Prof. B urland said it could have collapsed “at any moment”. How ever, it took nine years of quarrelling before any work was done. The last attempt at straightening the tower was carried out. Concrete(混凝土) was poured into the foundations, but the result was that the tower sank further into the soil.The straightening work involved digging out around 70 tonnes of earth from the northern side of the tower, causing it to sink on that side. Before the digging started, the tower was fixed with steel ropes and 600 tonnes of lead weights.However, halfway through the project, concerns at the ugliness of the weights led to their removal and the tower leaned greatly. The weights were hurriedly reattached. One night, the tower moved more than it had averaged in an entire year. The tower's stonework has also been restored.The Italian government stepped in after a tower collapsed in Pavia in 1989, killing four people. Experts suddenly realized that the tower at Pisa, which was similarly built and on the same sort of earth, could do the same.1. What would be the best title for the passage?A．The building of the Leaning Tower of PisaB．Saving the LeaningTower of PisaC．The collapse of the Leaning Tower of PisaD．The history of the Leaning Tower of Pisa2. According to the passage, the Leaning Tower of Pisa ________．A．closed for the straightening work in 1990B．began to lean more than 800 years agoC．has a history of more than 1, 000 yearsD．has become vertical3. What drove the Italian government to save the Leaning Tower of Pisa?A．The development of new technology.B．The advice of Prof. John Burland.C．The expectation of the rescue committee.D．The collapse of a tower in Pavia.4. What most probably played the most important part in straightening the tower?A．The lead weights fixed to the tower.B．Restoring the stonework.C．Pouring concrete into the foundations.D．Digging earth from the southern side of the tower.5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．The position of the tower has been restored to what it was 172 years ago.B．Hundreds of years of strain has weakened the tower's structure.C．The tower doesn't lean any more after the straightening work finished.D．People spent nine years in discussing about the straightening work.CToday, one can trace Venice's rich past from its buildings. Most cities can claim at least a handful of outstanding churches, palaces or houses of historical interest, but in Venice very nearly everything is remarkable, from the magnificent Piazza San Marco (St. Mark's Square ) and the palaces that line the Grand Canal to the centuriesold homes of simple fishermen. It would be easy to say that the city itself is an enormous museum if it were not for the fact it is so obviously alive.At first sight, Venice looks unbelievably permanent, an apparently complete Renaissance (文艺复兴) city so untouched by time that there seems no reason why it should not go on forever. Now the city is slowly sinking, as the clay on which it is built loses its elasticity (弹性) and the massive wooden piles rot (腐烂) away. Flooding, such a rare occurrence a hundred years ago now happens several times each winter.The damage caused by the flooding is immense, and the fabric of the ancient buildings is now being further damaged by pollution from the mainland town as well as by the wash produced by the constantly increasing number of motor boats that speed up and down the canals.A further threat to Venice comes from the Venetians themselves, some of whom are not particularly interested in preserving the city as one of th e wonders of the world and would prefer to see it modernized.“What better place is there for the meeting of dear friends? See how it glows with the advancing summer; how the sky and the sea and the rosy air and the marble of the palaces all glimmer and melt toge ther.” Thus wr ote the famous author Henry James, of Venice, which provided the setting for his story TheAspernPapers, in the nineteenth century. TheSplendorofVenice has captured the imagination of artists for centur ies—and not just of the great painters and novelists. How tragic now that she is faced with the double threat of man and nature. Venice indeed will be lucky to survive.1．Venice proudly boasts ________．A．its beautiful churches, palaces and housesB．its unique St. Mark's Square and the Grand CanalC．its picturesque waterscapeD．its marvelous ancient buildings2．The writer thinks that ________．A．Venic e can be regarded as a big museumB．Venice is no longer a big museumC．Venice is different from a big museumD．Venice can never be a big museum because of its modernization3．How do the motor boats endanger the buildings?A．They produce violent movements of water.B．They pollute the air.C．They pollute the water.D．They produce too much noise.4．From the fourth paragraph, we know that ________．A．Venetians are eager to modernize their cityB．Venetians value the Grand CanalC．Venetians don't care about any threat to the Grand CanalD．the threat of man is greater than the threat of nature5．In the last paragraph, the writer ________．A．is very confident that Venice will surviveB．is doubtful whether Venice will surviveC．thinks that Venice will have luckD．is afraid that Venice will no longer attract artists and novelistsA【要点综述】文章主要讲述了太平洋岛国瑙鲁如何从一个环境优美的天堂岛变成一个生态失衡、满目疮痍的小岛。
高中英语阅读理解分类训练之历史地理类(含详解)
高中英语阅读理解分类训练之历史地理类（含详解）1. Rock music in one form or another is the most popular type of musicall over the world. But where did it come from?Rock began in the USA in the early 1950s. At that time, “rhythm and blue” music was very popular with black Americans. “R&B” was a mixture of black religious music and jazz. It had strong rhythms that you could dance to and simple, fast words.Noticing the success of R&B music, white musicians started to copy the same style. By the mid-1950s, this new white R&B music, called rock ’n’ roll, had become very popular. Singers like Elvis Presley and Bill Haley attracted millions of teenage fans. Their music was fast and loud. Many older people thought that rock ’n’ roll was very dangerous.By the early 1960s, even rock ’n’ roll had become old-fashioned. Many of the songs had begun to sound the same. It was at that time that a new group from England became popular — the Beatles.The Beatles first started by singing American style songs, but they soon developed their own style, with more complicated tunes. They also introduced different instruments. Groups like the Beatles had a very important influenceon the style of popular music.By the early 1970s, rock ’n’ roll had developed into a new form of music. Electronics had replaced the amplified guitars and drums of rock ’n’ roll. “Rock” had arrived.Rock music had continued to change and develop. It had combined with music from different parts of the world. Today, there are hundreds of different types of rock music, and almost every country has its own form of rock.1.When had rock ’n’ roll become very popular?A.By the mid-1950s.B.By the early 1960s.C.By the mid-1960s.D.By the early 1970s.2.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Beatles?A.It was not an American group.B.This group had their own style.C.This group made American style songs popular.D.The style of popular music had been influenced by this group.3.It can be inferred from the passage that Elvis Presley and Bill Haley________.A.were singers of “R&B”B.were singers in the mid-1950sC.were members of the BeatlesD.were popular with old people4.What's the best title of the passage?A.Popular MusicB.The History of Rock MusicC.Different Forms of Music in AmericaD.The Beatles2. The Sahara is the world's largest hot desert and one of the harshest environments on the planet. It is the third largest desert overall after Antarctica and the Arctic, which are cold deserts. At3. 6 million square miles, the Sahara, wh ich is Arabic for “ The Great Desert,” covers most of NorthAfrica. Sand dunes cover only a small part of the Sahara. Most of the desert is bare rocks or gravel. There are also mountains,and some of them are covered by snow in winter.Can someone explore the Sahara without going there? Yes. In fact, someof the most exciting discoveries about the Sahara have been made using “explorers” high in the sky—satellites. Thanks to these sky-high explorers, we know more about the history of this amazing desert.The satellites send down images, or pictures, of Earth. Some are takenby the SIR-A radar system. It can make images that show what is under the ground, below the sand. These images have shown geologists that,in ancient times,there were lakes,mountains,and valleys where the Sahara is now.So, the Sahara was not always a forbidding desert. Long ago, dinosaurs and giant crocodiles lived there. After the dinosaurs became extinct,giraffes,elephants, hippos,and other animals lived in the Sahara. So did people.Then, about 6,000 years ago, the climate began to change. Within a few centuries,the Sahara became the desert that it is today. As the climate changed,fewer and fewer plants grew there, and the people had to move to places where there was more water.Satellite images help people make other discoveries in the Sahara. With these pictures,archaeologists can find where ancient people had their settlements. Paleontologists(古生物学家) use satellite images to help them find the best places to search for clues to life millions ofyears ago.1.How did experts know about Sahara’s past?A.By studying the formation of the sand there.B.By looking at the desert in space.C.By studying the images sent back.D.By watching the fossils of animals.2.We can infer from the passage that ________.A.the dinosaurs died out because it was too hotB.it rained a lot in Sahara a long time agoC.few plants grew in Sahara a long time agoD.the Sahara was full of life a long time ago3.Why did people move from Sahara to other places?A.Because there was little water there.B.Because the animals were dangerous.C.Because thick forests grew there.D.Because it was too cold for people.4.What does the passage mainly deal with?A.Animals and Plants living in SaharaB.Sahara and Exploration with SatellitesC.A Desert as Big as the United StatesD.Reasons Why Sahara Is so Dry3. It didn't take long for a lot of people who owned automobiles in the late 1800s to start hiring them out. Even though the first taxis were odd-looking machines that had batteries weighing as much as 800 pounds, there were almost 100 of them in New York City by 1899. They did a great deal of business competing with horse-drawn carriages (马车), since many people found them not only faster, but also quieter and much cleaner. The first gas-powered cabs arrived in New York in 1907, but they were imported from France and not builtin the U.S.The 1920s saw an explosion in the taxis, as thousands of them were in use every day. This burgeoning industry needed regulation, and the Mayor of New York, Fiorello H. La Guardia, signed the Hass Act of 1937. The act forced cab companies to obtain licenses and also introduced the medallion system, which is still in use today. These are the small metal plates you'll see on top of the vehicle (车辆) that certifies it is legally allowed to pick up passengers. The system helped the government keep track of not just the number of taxis, but the quality of them as well.Even though they faced serious competition from buses, subways and trains, taxis in New York remained a staple (主要产品) for millions of people. About 12,000 of them were in service by 1950. While you may think that cabs have always been yellow, it actually wasn't until the 1960s that they were required to be painted that iconic color.There are about 40,000 drivers in New York City alone, and millions of others throughout the U.S. and the rest of the world. An estimated 200 million passengers travel about 800 million miles a year, and pay fares totaling about $1 billion a year in New York alone.1.The underlined word “burgeoning” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”.peting fiercelyB.developing rapidlyC.recovering quicklyD.disappearing totally2.The metal plates were set on top of the taxis which ________.A.were painted in yellow as requiredB.provided qualified services for the passengersC.were allowed by the government to do businessD.couldn't cause any car accidents all the year round3.The numbers listed in the last paragraph show that ________.A.New York has more taxis than other big citiesB.the taxi industry in New York is very successfulC.the taxi is the most popular transportation in New YorkD.New York has earned much money from the taxi industry4.What's the writer's purpose in writing the passage?A.To analyze the advantages of the taxis.B.To advertise the good services of the taxis.C.To introduce the history of taxis in New York.D.To show the development of vehicles in the U.S.4. According to a historian,uniforms were introduced into the United States around 1979 to deal with the problems of violence among students. Statistical reports state that only 15% of primary schools and around 10% of secondary schools in the United States have strictly carried out the uniform policy.In recent times it has become the most debated topic among parents and educators, with many critics stating the fact that wearing uniforms has no effect on the thought process of a student nor does it considerably reduce inequality among the masses. Students are instructed to follow certainrules:for boys,pants,shirts with turtle necks, sweaters and jackets are acceptable, while in some schools, shorts are strictly forbidden; similarly,for girls, long skirts, blouses, pants and flat-heeled shoes are acceptable.School uniforms in other countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, India and Pakistan were introduced during the British colonial period. In thesecountries, girls in senior schools usually wear broad trousers and boys wear pants and shirts. In preschool though, girls wear skirts and blouses and boys wear short pants and shirts. In other parts like New Zealand and Australia where the British colonial rule was in effect,the uniform system was followed in the public school system. The dress sense closely resembled that of the English students.The purpose of a school uniform is to promote team spirit, discipline and increase equality among all students. Though uniforms have intended to wipe out the discrimination in the weaker section,critics have a different story to say. According to them, uniforms have no such great effect on students. This standardized dress has not helped students remove any barriers and is adding costs to the parents.In many countries, though students' wearing uniforms has produced some positive results, in the United States’the implementation(实施)requires a lot of efforts before we can achieve full success.1.What does the underlined word “masses” in the second paragraph refer to?A.Schools.B.Parents.C.Students.D.Teachers.2.What can we know about the uniform system in Australia according to Paragraph 3?A.The uniform system in public schools followsthat inB.ritain.B. The Australian students dress more casually.C.The uniform system is the same as that in New Zealand.D.Most Australian students wear school uniforms.3.What’s the intention of school uniforms at first?A.To encourage students to be more diligent.B.To improve students' academic achievement.C.To prevent students fighting with each other.D.To promote the equality among students.4.What’s the attitude of the critics towards school uniforms?A.Supportive.B.Neutral.C.Negative.D.Factual.5. Today,bicycles are elegantly simple machines that are common around the world.Many people ride bicycles for recreation,whereas others use them as a means of transportation.The first bicycle was invented in Germany in1818.Because it was made of wood,it wasn’t very strong nor did it have pedals (脚踏板).Riders moved it by pushing their feet against the ground.In 1839,Kirkpatrick Macmillan,a Scottish blacksmith,invented a much better bicycle.Macmillan’s machine had iron covered wheels to keep them from getting worn down.He also used foot-operated levers,similar to pedals,so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace.It didn’t look much like the modern bicycle,though,because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel.Although Macmillan’s bicycles could be ridden easily,they were never produced in large numbers.In 1861,Frenchman Pierre Michaux and his brother Ernest invented a bicycle with an improved pedal mechanism.They called their bicycle a VELOCIPEDE,but most people called it a“bone shaker”because of the effect ofthe wood and iron frame.Despite the impolite nickname,the VELOCIPEDE was a hit.After a few years,the Michaux family was making hundreds of the machines annually,mostly for fun-seeking young people.Ten years later,James Starley,an English inventor,made several innovations that revolutionized bicycle design.He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel,put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient,and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes.Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride,it was still clumsy,extremely top-heavy,and ridden mostly for entertainment.It wasn’t until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene.Invented by another Englishman,wson,the safety bicycle would look familiar to today’s cyclists.The safety bicycle had equal-sized wheels,which made it easier to wson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the back wheel.By 1893,the safety bicycle had been further improved with air-filled rubber tires,a diamond-shaped frame,and easy braking.With the improvements provided by Lawson,bicycles became extremely popular and useful for transportation.Today,they are built,used,and enjoyed all over the world.1.This passage was most likely written in order to ________.pare bicycles used for different purposesB.describe the problems early bicycle makers experiencedC.persuade readers to use bicycles for transportationD.tell readers about the early history of the bicycle2.Which of the following bicycle types was invented by James Starley?A.B.C.D.3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Two hundred years ago,bicycles did not exist.B.The first bicycle could be ridden at a very quick pace.C.The Michaux brothers called their bicycle a“bone shaker”.D.Macmillan’s machine had wheels with rubber tires.4.The information about bicycles in this passage is arranged according to________.A.importanceB.timeC.placeD.interest6. The fight against drug use in the U.S.dates back to the late1800s.Before then,the dangers of some drugs were not fully known and the government did little to control them.Coca-Cola,first created in 1886,got its name from one of its main ingredients(原料):cocaine(可卡因).It was used to treat headaches.But it wasn’t long before people realized that cocaine was dangerously addictive(使人上瘾的),and the company took the drug away from its ingredients around 1900.Since then a lot has changed.New drugs have been discovered and invented,and public opinion has changed from time to time.In 1971,President Richard Nixon called drug use “public enemy number one”,and made laws tofight the importation(进口) of drugs.11 years later,President Ronald Reagan announced the “War on Drugs”.But it was his wife,First Lady Nancy Reagan,who created the phrase of “Just Say No”.It was part of the “War on Drugs” and tried to stop children from using drugs by offering various ways of saying no.Many think the best way to reduce drug use is to help people understand how harmful it is.Drugs can destroy health,professions,marriages,families and whole neighborhoods.Almost every American teenager gets some drug education in school as early as elementary school.But some people,including a small number of police officers,say these programs aren’t working very well.DARE — a program teaches in 75 percent of schools in America to stop drug use,recently decided to change its program.Some people said the program,which mainly taught elementary-aged students about drugs,didn’t help students stay away from drugs once they reached high school.The new DARE program will try to help older students to refuse drugs,especially when they feel they must do the same things as other students if they want to be accepted.1.What can we learn about cocaine from Paragraph 2?A.It was discovered in 1886.B.Coca-Cola stopped using it around 1900.C.People spent a long time realizing its harm.D.It was not allowed to be used to treat headaches.2.When did the “War on Drugs” start?A.In 1900.B.In 1911.C.In 1971.D.In 1982.3.DARE decided to change its program because___________.A.elem entary students can’t understand the dangers of drugsB.the old program didn’t work well as new drugs were inventedC.high school students also need help to avoid using drugsD.it would try to do the same things as other programs4.What can be the best title for the text?A.War on DrugsB.Coca-Cola and DrugsC.Drugs are Harmful to HealthD.The DARE Program.7. Over a hundred years ago in 1911,something strange was found in the glaciers of Antarctica. Crilffith Taylor一an Australian geologist,had discovered a blood red stream pouring out of the ice cascades(瀑布) of Talor Glacier! Popularly known as the BloodFalls, scientists had not been able tofind the reason behind the blood red liquid flowing through the ice —until recently. The mystery of the BloodFalls had finally been solved.When these falls were first discovered,scientists had believed that the red colour came from a large amount of red algae(海藻) concentrated in the water. Red algae contains a pigment(色素) which reflects red light,making the algae appear red.This theory made sense, until it was later found that algae do not playa part in the red color of the flowing liquid at all. What really causes Talor Glacier s waters appear blood red, is the presence of iron oxide in the liquid. The waters of the blood falls are rich in salt and iron content, and when this water comes in contact with the air, it turns red—just like rust! The water in these falls is often referred to as “brine” by scientists because of the high salt content in the water.This reasoning behind the red colors of the falls was found back in 2003. However, the entire mystery had not yet been solved. How is it then, that the BloodFalls are not frozen?Researchers at the University of Colorado and University of Alaska found that inside the glacier, there was a network of channels and reservoirs that move the water around. Salt water has a lower freezing temperature. In addition, when any substance undergoes a change in state, it gives off heat.Therefore,the brine actually warms itself up while it’s freezing! How this works, is that when the brine is flowing through the Talor Glacier, some of it does freeze. As a result of changing state from liquid to ice, the brine gives off heat. This heat is enough to keep the rest of the brine in liquid form, which is why it flows out of the glacier.Incredible new chemistry facts found, and mystery solved!1.According to the text,the red algae theory was once considered ________.A.ridiculousB.reasonableC.impracticalplex2.Why does the BloodFalls look red in colour?A.Because there is too much salt and iron in its water.B.Because its liquid is rich in red algae.C.Because the flowing liquid reflects red sunlight.D.Because the air is thin and rare in Antarctica.3.What is the main reason for the BloodFalls not freezing?A.The water continued flowing constantly.B.There is too much salt in the water.C.The brine gives off heat while freezingD.Temperatures aren’t high enough for flowing water.4.What is the passage mainly about?A.The discovery of the blood glacier.B.The birth of the Talor Glacier.C.The flowing red water in Antarctica.D.The mystery of the BloodFalls.8. Anthropologists are scientists that study people who often lived hundreds or even thousands of years ago.Items those men,women,and children left behind when they died—everything from clothing to jewelry and tools—tell anthropologists a lot.And sometimes even their words survive.Experts believe that a discovery in Mexico is the oldest example of writing ever found in the Americas.The people who created it probably lived3,000 years ago,long before Christopher Columbus arrived in the New World.Workers digging in a rock mine happened to notice a stone block with marks carved onto its surface.They found the large piece of stone near the city of Cascajal,Mexico,which was once the capital of an ancient people called the Olmec.“There are signs on the block that seem to show objects used by the Olmec during their religious ceremonies,”says Dr Stephen Houston of Brown University in the US.“There is a sign that looks very similar to a knife and another that looks like the chair of a King,”he explains.Houston,an expert on the writing systems of ancient cultures,says the discovery is exciting because“it makes clear that the Olmec could read and write.It is like hearing voices from the past.”But experts don’t know exactly what the writing says.Finding other examples of Olmec writing could help decipher the puzzle.“We could have whole sets of a ncient writing which will basically make ancient people speak to us directly,”says Houston.“There are many puzzles to be solved,and this is just one of them.”1.According to the passage,what do scientists often use to learn more about the past?A.Clothing and jewelry.B.Books and stones.C.Knives and chairs.D.People and animals.2.What is important about the stone block mentioned in the passage?A.It proves that people lived in this part of the world more than 3,000 yearsago.B.It allows scientists to translate the ancient language used in this area.C.It is evidence of the oldest form of writing ever found in theAmericas.D.It shows the people of the area have a written language.3.Which is probably the best title for the passage?A.World’s First BookB.Oldest Writing in the New WorldC.What Does It Say?D.New Language Discovered4.The underlined expression “decipher the puzzle” in Paragraph 6 most probably means “ ________”.A.discover when the Olmec people livedB.learn why the Olmec civilization disappearedC.learn how to speak OlmecD.find the meaning of the Olmec language参考答案1.答案：1.A;2.C;3.B;4.B解析：1.细节理解题。
2019高考英语阅读理解(历史与地理)(含解析)
（历史与地理）李仕才导读：本文介绍的是水城威尼斯。
它是世界上唯一没有汽车的城市；它因水而生，因水而美，因水而兴，号称“亚得里亚海皇后”。
Venice — Queen of the AdriaticThe historic city of Venice stretches across a shallow saltwater lagoon in northeast Italy. The city was once a major sea power and an important center for politics and trade. It has since faded from glory and declined in influence, but the "Queen of the Adriatic" remains rich in beauty, art, and tourism.①Built on a string of islands alongside the Adriatic Sea, Venice is famous for its canals, which serve as roads. The only transportation in the old city center has been by boat or on foot for centuries. Traditional Venetian boats still ferry tourists through the narrow canals, though nowadays most Venetians travel by motorized waterbus. Arched footbridges traverse the canals, ②adding to the picturesque charm of this fairytale city. Venice is Europe's largest car-free area and a World Heritage Site.③While its unique infrastructure is enough to make it a historic gem, Venice also boasts a rich cultural history. During the Renaissance, Venice was one of the most important musical centers in Europe. Countless books, plays, musical compositions, and works of art have been inspired by Venice. Presently, the city draws more than seven million tourists per year.Sadly, the future of Venice is threatened. Since the 20th century, when wells began to draw water from the ground to support local industry, Venice has been sinking. In many old houses, lower level staircases are now flooded and former ground floors have become uninhabitable. Nevertheless, Venetian life ④goes on and the city continues to charm its many visitors.威尼斯——亚得里亚海皇后历史名城威尼斯横跨意大利东北部的一个咸水湖。
专题06阅读理解之史地人文类--备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练(通用版)【解析版】
专题06 史地人文类P a r t1题型总览【题型综述】史地人文类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况。
文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件、历史年代。
本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重大历史事件以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。
通过这一话题的学习和高考考查，增强学生学习历史与地理的兴趣，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养，促进学生的身心健康。
【技巧点拨】命题以细节题为主，有一定的主观推断题；涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。
阅读史地类文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。
如果文章或试题有附图或附表，一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。
附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题。
【读相关词】1. attack vt.进攻；袭击2. disappear vi.消失→ disappearancen.消失；失踪3. escape vi.逃跑4. feed vt.喂养；饲养；靠……为生；向……提供5. local adj.当地的→ locate vt.把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于) → location n.地点；位置6. native adj.本地的；本国的7. raise vt.饲养；提高8. range n.山脉；vi.排列；延伸9. ruin vt.毁坏；毁灭；n.废墟；毁灭10. strike v.突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到11. threaten vt.威胁；恐吓→ threat n.威胁12.abolish vt. 废除13.aggression n.侵略→ aggressive adj.侵略的；具有攻击性的14.betray vt. 出卖；泄露机密15.distribute vt.发放；分发→ distribution n.分配；配给16.drought n .干旱17.dynasty n .朝代18.erupt vi.(火山) 爆发；喷发→ eruptionn.爆发19.frighten vt. 使惊恐→ frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→ frightened adj.害怕的；受惊的20.foggy adj.有雾的→ fog n.雾21.freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的→ freeze vi.&vt.将……冷冻，冻僵→ frozen adj.结冰的，冷冻的22.geography n .地理23.historic adj.历史的；有历史意义的→ history n.历史→ historical adj.历史(上)的；与历史有关的24.historical adj.与历史有关的25.incident n .事变26.independence n .独立27.invade vt.侵略28.monument n .纪念碑29.mountainous adj.多山的30.occupy vt.占领；使忙碌31.origin n .起源；由来32.religion n .宗教33.religious adj.宗教的34.remote adj.偏远的；偏僻的35.racial adj. 种族的36.revolution n .革命37.sacrifice vt. 牺牲38.shortage n .缺乏39.shower n .阵雨；淋浴40.supply vt. 提供；供应；n. 供应；供给41.terrify vt.使恐怖42.urban adj.城市的；都市的43.weapon n .武器44.geography地理45.mineral 矿藏，矿物质46 .southeastern东南方的47.northwestern西北方的48.urban architecture城市建筑49.the art gallery艺术长廊50.悠久历史have a long history/with a long history51.矿产资源mineral resource52.城市规划urban planning53.城镇人口urban population54.追溯到date back to55.占地面积7 434 平方公里cover an area of 7，434 square kilometres56.人口超过600万have a population of over 6 million/with a population of more than 6 million...57..2 200年的悠久历史have a history of 2，200 years/with a history of 2，200 yearsP a r t2真题感悟【2020天津卷5月】Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you're studying history, asking yourself the question "why is history important "is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history.History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥）into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studyingyour roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying history can give us insight （洞察力）into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance （无知）. We're scared of the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.History can inspire us to learn more. what's fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It's almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely anybody.The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don't have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.1.The underlined part "where we are today" in Para. 2 probably means __________.A. the turning point in our historyB. the present state of our nationC. the location of our homelandD. the total area of our country2. According to the experts, why is history useful for people to handle challenges of life?A. The problems at present are similar to those in the past.B. Ancient people laid economic foundations for people today.C. The current challenges of life were predicted by the ancestors.D. People living long time ago knew more about how to solve problems.3. What can be concluded from Para.4?A. It is difficult to get rid of cultural barriers.B. People are willing to accept foreign cultures.C. Cultural conflicts in history are difficult to ignore.D. History helps us improve our cross-cultural awareness.4. With the example in Para.5, the writer intends to show that______________.A. Charles Dickens contributes much to British literature.B. Oliver Twist can satisfy our curiosity for romantic poets.C. reading novels is a way to learn about a historical period.D. studying history can arouse people's interest in other fields.5. What could be the best title for the passage?A. How to Build Cultural IdentityB. Why Studying History MattersC. Know the Past, Know the PresentD. History: a Way to Broaden Horizons【答案】1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B【解析】本文是议论文。
高考英语总复习 微专题训练 第24练 历史与地理类2
第24练历史与地理类高考高频单词与短语识记排查[跟踪训练]Ⅰ.语境填词1．The children are (分成) into six groups to practice the dialogue. 2．Few people realized the significance of the (发现)．3．There were more (slavery) than citizens in ancient Athens.4．The idea that she (目睹) this shameful incident meant nothing to him. 5．France is (abundant) supplied with excellent familyrun hotels.Ⅱ.单项填空6．There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.(2015·湖北，25)A．leaves out B．goes againstC．lies in D．makes up7．James Cameron，who is famous great action scenes，directed his latest movie，Avatar.A．as B．inC．on D．for8. The wooden house by many trees south.A．surrounded；facing B．surrounded；facesC．surrounding；facing D．surrounding；faces9．My breakfast mainly chocolatecovered biscuits and glasses of milk. A．consists of B．makes upC．makes of D．consists in10．The kite is made paper.A．of B．intoC．up of D．from阅读能力与写作能力专练Ⅰ.阅读理解(2016·天津市十二区县二模)When a dog looks at you with big puppydog eyes，it’s hard for you to go away，and you may speak out “Awww”without hesitation.However，there’s a reason wh y you find a dog’s stare so attractive.That sweet stare actually causes the release of a particular hormone，or chemical messenger in the body.This hormone creates feelingsof affection in humans.The same thing happens to dogs when people look back at them.Scientists believe this helps people and their fourlegged friends bond，or feel connected.Scientists have wondered what causes dogs to lovingly stare at their owners.To find out，a team of researchers from Azabu University in Japan studied 30 owners and their dogs.The researchers found that after the pets and their owners spent half an hour together，both showed a rise in oxytocin(催产素)．One key role of this hormone in many animals is to promote bonding，like that between a mother and newborn.The increase of ox ytocin didn’t happen，though，when scientists repeated the experiment with wolves and the humans who had raised them.A second experiment also found that if dogs were given oxytocin，they looked at their owners longer.Scientists aren’t sure exactly why，but this reaction occurred only with female dogs.Their owners’ oxytocin levels also rose as a result.The result of these experiments might help answer an ageold question：How did the fearsome wolf ancestor of modern dogs turn into man’ s best friend？Takefumi Kikusui，an animal scientist who worked on the study，thinks that the change happened when dogs first became domestic(驯养的)．According to Kikusui，there may have been a small group of wild dogs that were naturally friendlier.“Humans are very sensitive to eye con tact.By using this special communication tool，the dogs are able to win over our hearts.If they are more likely to make eye contact，it would be easier for them to bond with dog owners，” Kikusui said.1．According to Paragraph 1，people say “Awww” to .A．make the dog stare at themB．express their love for the dogsC．draw the dogs’ attention awayD．warn the dogs not to approach them2．According to the passage，oxytocin can .A．reduce animals’ pain of giving birthB．motivate animals’ desires to prote ct othersC．help animals to develop a better relationshipD．enable animals to survive more easily from dangers3．We can infer from Paragraph 3 that .A．dogs given oxytocin react differentlyB．female dogs are more popular among humansC．oxytocin hel ps dogs become man’s best friendsD．wolves are not likely to be friends with humans4．The underlined words “the change” in Paragraph 4 refer to that . A．dogs and wolves are best friendsB．wolves begin to bond with humansC．dogs became friends with humansD．dogs were domesticated by humans5．What’s the purpose of the passage?A．To call on humans to be friendly to dogs.B．To give advice on how to get along with dogs.C．To introduce the evolution process of wild dogs.D．To explain why humans and dogs are connected.Ⅱ.阅读表达(2016·天津市河西区二模)We all have stories to tell about a father and some of these stories are funny，some are of encouragement and some are filled with sorrow.One such story happened many years ago but I always remember it as if it had happened yesterday.My father was a music teacher who traveled to farm homes in smaller communities to teach his students.He left home around one p．m.each afternoon to start teaching and would return around ten or eleven o’clock long after everyone，except my mother，was asleep.Mother was the ruler of the home.She was a strict taskmaster，demanding that we all obey the rules without any excuse.When we didn’t，there were always immediate consequences.However，one day I made a big mistake and my mother warned me that my fatherwould deal with me.I was relieved because I knew I would be in bed long before he got home.At night，I went to bed early just in case my dad came home.I figured it this way：I would fall asleep when he got home and therefore he wouldn’t wake me up to punish me，and by the time morning rolled around ，he would forget the whole thing.But I was fallacious.I got up thinking all was well but instead，Dad called me into the playroom.He told me how disappointed he was in me.He then told me that I would lose the privilege of playing with any of my toys for the next two days.I still remember that incident vividly.The reason why I remember it so well is that it taught me a good lesson.And，that lesson is that consequences will befall you no matter how much you do n’t want them，or how much you hope that they will just go away like a bad dream.6．Why didn’t the author see his father in the evening？(No more than 10 words) 7．What was the author’s mom like？(No more than 8 words)8．What does the underlined word “fallacious” in Paragraph 3 mean？(1 word) 9．What punishment did the author get？(No more than 10 words)10．How are you inspired by the author’s story？(No more than 15 words)Ⅲ.佳作背诵(历史与地理)假如你是张磊，你的网友Mike在暑假期间要来中国旅游，想事先了解北京的风貌。
高考实用类文本阅读《历史地理学》答案详解
阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
材料一：历史地理学的起源至少可以追溯到我国最早的地理学著作《禹贡》。
这篇托名大禹的著作实际产生在战国后期。
《禹贡》虽以记载传说中的大禹治水后的地理状况为主，但也包含了对以往地理现象的追溯，含有历史地理学的成分。
成书于公元1世纪的《汉书·地理志》对见于典籍记载的重要地理要素，包括古国、历史政区、地名、河流、山岭、古迹等都做了记载和简要考证，并不局限于西汉一朝。
作者班固比较充分地利用已有的地理记载和地理研究成果，使得中国历史地理学研究初具雏形。
同样，成书于公元6世纪的《水经注》也从传世的数百种地理著作中搜集整理了大量史料，并做了深入的考证和研究。
今天，我们之所以还能知道先秦的某一个地名在现在的什么地方，能知道秦汉以降的疆域范围，能够大致了解黄河早期的几次改道，都离不开这两种著作。
在中国漫长的历史中，皇朝的更迭、政权的兴衰、疆城的盈缩、政区的分合和地名的更改不断发生；黄河下游及其支流的频繁决溢改道又经常引起有关地区地貌及水系的变迁，给社会生活带来相当大的影响。
中国古代繁荣的文化使这些变化大多得到了及时而详尽的记载，但由于在如此巨大的空间和时间中所发生的变化是如此复杂，已不是一般学者所能随意涉足，因而产生了一门专门学问——沿革地理。
沿革地理研究的内容关系到国计民生，也是治学的基础，例如历史地名的注释和考证、历代疆域和政区的变迁、黄河等水道的变迁，特别是与儒家经典和传统正史的理解有关的地理名称和地理知识,都被看成是治学的基本功。
沿革地理的成就在清代中期达到高峰，很多乾嘉学者致力于此。
但是沿革地理并不等于历史地理学，二者不仅有量的不同，而且有质的区别。
就研究内容而言，前者主要是疆域政区、地名和水道的变迁，后者却涉及地理学的各个分支。
就研究的性质而言，前者一般只是对现象的描述和复原，很少涉及变化的原因，后者则不仅要复原各种以往的地理现象，而且要寻找它们变化发展的原因，探索背后的规律。
(整理版高中英语)高考英语阅读理解分类汇编之历史地理类
高考英语阅读理解分类汇编之历史地理类1.〔·卷〕DIreland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands〞. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the united kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work , forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks〞. Since independence, Ireland has revived(复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish song which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.【文章大意】本文从地理状况、人口开展、经济情况以及社会生活等方面介绍了爱尔兰共和国，让我们对这个美丽的国家有更进一步的了解。
高三英语暑期微训练 阅读理解 历史地理类
历史地理类一．（2014届江西省重点中学盟校高三第二次联考英语试卷）DMost of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured(施肥)a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars (纪念柱) in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.Animals fight; so do savages (野蛮人); hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently －this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done －is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And it not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets －while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life － nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.70. In the opening sentence the author indicates that ________.A. conquerors, generals and soldiers should not be mentioned in history books.B. history books focus more on those who helped civilization forward.C. those who truly helped civilization forward is rarely mentioned in history books.D. most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers.71. In the author’s opinion, the countries that ruled over a large number of othercountries areA. certainly both the greatest and the most civilizedB. neither the most influential nor the most civilized.C. possibly the most civilized but not the most powerful.D. likely the greatest in some sense but not the most civilized.72. The meaning of “it means saying that might is right.”(The last sentence ofParagraph 2) is that ________.A. in a war only those who are powerful will win.B. those who are right should fight against those who are wrong.C. only those who are powerful have the right to go to war.D. those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong.73. In the third paragraph, what the author wants to convey to us is that ________.A. we have fought fewer wars but suffered heavier casualties.B. modern time is not so civilized compared with the past.C. our age is not much better than those of the past.D. World War I and World War II are different from previous wars.74. According to the passage, who helped civilization forward?A. The pioneers in science and technology.B. Conquerors and generals.C. Those setting disputes by force.D.The experts in military matters75. This passage is most likely taken from an article entitled ________.A. Who Should Be RememberedB. Civilization and HistoryC. War and World PeaceD. Great conquerors in the world【考点】考察历史地理类阅读【文章大意】人们经常记住的是那些征服者，将军或者士兵，但是对于真正推动文明向前发展的人却很少记得。
高考英语总复习微专题训练第24练历史与地理类2
第24练历史与地理类高考高频单词与短语识记排查[跟踪训练]Ⅰ.语境填词1．The children are (分成) into six groups to practice the dialogue. 2．Few people realized the significance of the (发现)．3．There were more (slavery) than citizens in ancient Athens.4．The idea that she (目睹) this shameful incident meant nothing to him. 5．France is (abundant) supplied with excellent familyrun hotels.Ⅱ.单项填空6．There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.(2015·湖北，25)A．leaves out B．goes againstC．lies in D．makes up7．James Cameron，who is famous great action scenes，directed his latest movie，Avatar.A．as B．inC．on D．for8. The wooden house by many trees south.A．surrounded；facing B．surrounded；facesC．surrounding；facing D．surrounding；faces9．My breakfast mainly chocolatecovered biscuits and glasses of milk. A．consists of B．makes upC．makes of D．consists in10．The kite is made paper.A．of B．intoC．up of D．from阅读能力与写作能力专练Ⅰ.阅读理解(2016·天津市十二区县二模)When a dog looks at you with big puppydog eyes，it’s hard for you to go away，and you may speak out “Awww”without hesitation.However，there’s a reason wh y you find a dog’s stare so attractive.That sweet stare actually causes the release of a particular hormone，or chemical messenger in the body.This hormone creates feelingsof affection in humans.The same thing happens to dogs when people look back at them.Scientists believe this helps people and their fourlegged friends bond，or feel connected.Scientists have wondered what causes dogs to lovingly stare at their owners.To find out，a team of researchers from Azabu University in Japan studied 30 owners and their dogs.The researchers found that after the pets and their owners spent half an hour together，both showed a rise in oxytocin(催产素)．One key role of this hormone in many animals is to promote bonding，like that between a mother and newborn.The increase of ox ytocin didn’t happen，though，when scientists repeated the experiment with wolves and the humans who had raised them.A second experiment also found that if dogs were given oxytocin，they looked at their owners longer.Scientists aren’t sure exactly why，but this reaction occurred only with female dogs.Their owners’ oxytocin levels also rose as a result.The result of these experiments might help answer an ageold question：How did the fearsome wolf ancestor of modern dogs turn into man’ s best friend？Takefumi Kikusui，an animal scientist who worked on the study，thinks that the change happened when dogs first became domestic(驯养的)．According to Kikusui，there may have been a small group of wild dogs that were naturally friendlier.“Humans are very sensitive to eye con tact.By using this special communication tool，the dogs are able to win over our hearts.If they are more likely to make eye contact，it would be easier for them to bond with dog owners，” Kikusui said.1．According to Paragraph 1，people say “Awww” to .A．make the dog stare at themB．express their love for the dogsC．draw the dogs’ attention awayD．warn the dogs not to approach them2．According to the passage，oxytocin can .A．reduce animals’ pain of giving birthB．motivate animals’ desires to prote ct othersC．help animals to develop a better relationshipD．enable animals to survive more easily from dangers3．We can infer from Paragraph 3 that .A．dogs given oxytocin react differentlyB．female dogs are more popular among humansC．oxytocin hel ps dogs become man’s best friendsD．wolves are not likely to be friends with humans4．The underlined words “the change” in Paragraph 4 refer to that . A．dogs and wolves are best friendsB．wolves begin to bond with humansC．dogs became friends with humansD．dogs were domesticated by humans5．What’s the purpose of the passage?A．To call on humans to be friendly to dogs.B．To give advice on how to get along with dogs.C．To introduce the evolution process of wild dogs.D．To explain why humans and dogs are connected.Ⅱ.阅读表达(2016·天津市河西区二模)We all have stories to tell about a father and some of these stories are funny，some are of encouragement and some are filled with sorrow.One such story happened many years ago but I always remember it as if it had happened yesterday.My father was a music teacher who traveled to farm homes in smaller communities to teach his students.He left home around one p．m.each afternoon to start teaching and would return around ten or eleven o’clock long after everyone，except my mother，was asleep.Mother was the ruler of the home.She was a strict taskmaster，demanding that we all obey the rules without any excuse.When we didn’t，there were always immediate consequences.However，one day I made a big mistake and my mother warned me that my fatherwould deal with me.I was relieved because I knew I would be in bed long before he got home.At night，I went to bed early just in case my dad came home.I figured it this way：I would fall asleep when he got home and therefore he wouldn’t wake me up to punish me，and by the time morning rolled around ，he would forget the whole thing.But I was fallacious.I got up thinking all was well but instead，Dad called me into the playroom.He told me how disappointed he was in me.He then told me that I would lose the privilege of playing with any of my toys for the next two days.I still remember that incident vividly.The reason why I remember it so well is that it taught me a good lesson.And，that lesson is that consequences will befall you no matter how much you don’t want them，or how much you hope that they will just go away like a bad dream.6．Why didn’t the author see his father in the evening？(No more than 10 words) 7．What was the author’s mom like？(No more than 8 words)8．What does the underlined word “fallacious” in Paragraph 3 mean？(1 word) 9．What punishment did the author get？(No more than 10 words)10．How are you inspired by the author’s story？(No more than 15 words)Ⅲ.佳作背诵(历史与地理)假如你是张磊，你的网友Mike在暑假期间要来中国旅游，想事先了解北京的风貌。
高考英语天三轮专题提分必练绝密之二十三 史地自然型阅读理解(一)
毛额市鹌鹑阳光实验学校专题限时训练(二十三) [史地自然型阅读理解(一)](限时：25分钟)(一)Wind，water，fire and ice—these powerful natural forces have shaped the land of America in the past. They are still changing it today.The Colorado River slowly cut down through stone to make the Grand Canyon (大峡谷)．Long ago，ice sheets cut Yosemite Valley and the Great Lakes，and glaciers (冰川) are still on the move in Alaska.Wind and rain storm hit the land from time to time. Fires sometimes burn down forests and destroy the homes of wild animals: This happened in Yellowstone Park in 1988.Dead volcanic (火山的) mountains such as Haleakala on Maui and Carter Lakein Oregon are beautiful to look at. But there are several active volcanoes in the US，especially along the Pacific Coast. There are also many earthquakes in this area. Scientists can do nothing to control earthquakes or volcanoes. This was shown clearly on May 18,1980.At 8: 32 that morning，Mount St Helens in Washington state broke out. The top of the mountain was blown off.Over 60 people—campers，scientists，journalists，forest workers—were killed. Hundreds of square miles of forests were knocked down. In towns over 100 miles away，day suddenly became night. An ash cloud hid the sun for many hours. Towns and fields in Washington，Oregon，and Idaho were covered with dirty gray ash.Scientists knew that Mt St Helens might erupt (爆发) soon. But no one could say when. And no one expected the terrible strength of the eruption. Many people were surprised and unready. Harry R．Truman,84，owned a small hotel in Mt St Helens. Scientists had asked people to move away because the volcano was becoming dangerous.But Harry R．Truman would not leave his home. Now it is covered with many feet of dirty ash. A small cross stands above the place where Harry probably died. Perhaps it is better that he did not see the destruction of Mt St Helens，the once beautiful lake，and the forests.But slowly, life is returning to the dead area around the mountain. Grass and small plants are beginning to grow again. Deer and birds have been seen. The land will never be the same as it once was. Perhaps MtSt Helens will erupt again. But this is all part of nature’s pattern of change，and man has little power to control it.( )1. Choose the best title for this passage.A．Wind，water，fire and iceB．Volcano’s beauty and dangerC．The power of natureD．Natural force shapes beautiful land of America( )2. After the eruption of the volcano，what made the sky turn dark?A．The smoke. B．The earth.C．The fog. D．The ash.( )3. The underlined word “it” means________.A．the body of old HarryB．the location (＝place) of Harry’s homeC．the opening on top of Mt St HelensD．the place where Harry probably died( )4. We can infer from this article that________.A．Washington and Oregon are neighboring statesB．Colorado River runs through Yosemite ValleyC．the eruption of Mt St Helens also caused trouble with the Yellowstone ParkD．scientists never knew Mt St Helens was active(二)The Hawaiian Islands are in the Pacific Ocean almost 4,000 kilometres west of California. Tourism is very important to Hawaii. The tropical weather and beaches bring people from all over the world. But Hawaii is also experiencing problems from the downturn(经济衰退)．Since 2004 Hawaii has had fewer than seven million visitors. The state had 6,800,000 arrivals in 2008. That was a decrease of 10% from 2007. And they expect no growth in the economy through most of the year.The Hawaiian Islands were formed millions of years ago by hot liquid rock flowing from undersea volcanoes. Visitors can still watch the process take place on the largest island. People usually just call it the Big Island.Experts say Polynesian people first sailed to Hawaii about 2,000 years ago. A king ruled the islands when the 18th century British explorer James Cook arrived. At first, Hawaiians treated Captain Cook like a god. But in the end, he was killed on the Big Island in 1779.Britain gave the islands their independence in 1843. Then, fifty years later, a group of American businessmen ousted the ruler and founded the Republic of Hawaii. It became an American territory in 1900.That was three years after the United States set up a naval base at Pearl Harbor, on the island of Oahu, which served as the command base for American operations in the Pacific during World War Ⅱ.After the war, most Hawaiians required that Hawaii should be an independent state. In Congress(国会), though, there was resistance from southern s tates because of Hawaii’s nonwhite native population. But Congress passed the Hawaii Statehood Bill in 1959. Hawaiians accepted it, and on August 21st, President Eisenhower declared Hawaii the 50th state.( )1.When did the US set up a naval base at Pearl Harbor?A．In 1893. B．In 1897.C．In 1900. D．In 1959.( )2.What does the underlined word “ousted” in Paragraph 5 mean?A．Forced out. B．Picked out.C．Elected. D．Became.( )3.Which of the following is the correct order in the history of Hawaii?a. It was ruled by a Polynesian king.b. It became an American territory.c. The Republic of Hawaii was founded.d. It was under the rule of the British.e. It became independent in 1843.f. It joined the United States.A．a, b, d, c, e, f B．a, e, d, c, b, fC．a, d, e, c, b, f D．a, e, c, d, b, f(三)“Choo, Choo！” Here comes the Chunnel train. Get aboard if you want to learn more about this underground transportation system. This is an unusual form of transportation, because it is a tunnel that trains travel through and not an actual form of transportation.The Chunnel is actually the English nickname for the Channel Tunnel. In French, it is called le tunnel sous la Manche. It is a rail tunnel beneath the English Channel at the Straits of Dover. It connects Cheriton in Kent, England with Sangatte in northern France. It is the secondlongest rail tunnel in the world.Did you know that the British and the French had a race while they were building the Chunnel? The race was to see who could get to the middle of the tunnel first. The British won by a little bit. It took 15,000 workers over seven years to dig the tunnel. The tunnel was finished in 1994.The completed Chunnel cost about $ 21 billion. But it all paid off, because it became very popular, very quick. Millions of people use it. Now it is getting even more popular.There are three complete tunnels in the Chunnel. The two outside ones are the passenger trains. The small inner one is a guidance train. The guidance train is not used for transportation. Each track is exactly parallel to each other.There are four different train systems in the Chunnel. The Eurostar is a high speed passenger service that connects London, Paris, Brussels and Lille. The Eurotunnel shuttle is a rail ferry service. These shuttles carry cars and vans. These are railcars that allow drivers to drive their vehicles on and off. There are also two Eurotunnel goods service trains.Now you know more about the Chunnel. Everybody off, this is the last stop.( )1.The Channel Tunnel, links________ with ________.A．London; ParisB．Cheriton; SangatteC．Lille; BrusselsD．Dover; Kent( )2.Which of the following shows the structure of the tunnels in the Chunnel?2012二轮精品提分必练A． B.2012二轮精品提分必练C． D.( )3.The Eurotunnel shuttle is intended to carry ________.A．passengersB．drivers and their vehiclesC．goodsD．staff members of the Chunnel( )4.The text can most probably be ________.A．found in a guidebookB．read in a magazineC．broadcast on a trainD．heard in a railway station专题限时训练(二十三) [史地自然型阅读理解(一)](一)【要点综述】一个国家、一个地区地形的形成是一个漫长的过程，在这个过程中风、水、火、冰等对地貌的形成起了重要的作用。
阅读理解专练(六)历史与地理
阅读理解专练(六) 历史与地理(限时20分钟)A(2019届高三·石家庄质检)Ireland's Achill Island has always been a popular European tourist destination.However, since April in 2017, the small island of just 2,700 residents (居民) has gained worldwide fame thanks to the magical return of a beach that was washed away over three decades ago.The chain of events began in 1984 when residents of Dooagh, one of the settlements on the island, awoke to a surprising sight: their beautiful sandy beach had been washed away by strong Atlantic storms.There were only rocks and rock pools left.For about 34 years, only small amounts of sand returned to the once unspoiled shores.The area's tourism industry slowly declined, and the handful of beachside hotels, pubs, and restaurants gradually closed as well.Then around Easter in 2017, something magical happened —an unusual tenday tide blanketed the barren 300meter long rock beach with hundreds of tons of soft golden sand.Scientists suspect that the sand had been gathering offshore for months and was transported to the beach by the high winds and powerful waves.The locals are delighted to have their beach back, especially as it is attracting thousands of visitors wishing to witness the power of nature, with their own eyes.However, Sean Molloy, manager at Achill Tourism, cautions against going into the cold waters just yet, saying, “Because of the sand coming in, we don't know how safe the beach is now because currents (水流) could be changed and it'll take a little bit of time.”He instead recommends visitors enjoy the soft sand and leave the swimming to the dolphins that frequent the area.Interestingly, this is not the first time Dooagh Beach has pulled a disappearingand reappearing act.It disappeared in the 1890s, for over 30 years, before returning in 1927.However, the locals are optimistic that this time around, the beautiful sand is here to stay.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了爱尔兰Achill岛消失的海滩时隔三十多年再次出现的事件。
高考英语二轮专题限时训练(33)史地自然型阅读理解(1)及答案
专题限时训练(三十三) [史地自然型阅读理解(一)](限时：25分钟)(一)Bees add an estimated eighteen billion dollars a year to the value of American crops. They pollinate(授粉)flowers that become fruits, nuts and vegetables. But, in recent years, honeybee colonies in the United States and Europe have been shrinking. Scientists have proposed different theories to explain what is known as colony collapse disorder.New research suggests that a commonly used group of insecticide(杀虫剂) could cause bees to have a hard time finding their way back to their hive. The new research looks at the use of pesticides called neonicotinoids. They were first used in the 1990s. They are now put on the seeds of many major crops around the world. The seedlings absorb the chemicals as they grow. That means farmers do not need to spray a whole field. Instead there is a little bit of insecticide inside each plant—including the pollen(花粉) and the nectar(花蜜) that the bees want. There is not enough pesticide to kill them. But the new research in the journal Science says it may harm them anyway.Researchers stuck microchips to the backs of the bees. These chips recorded the bees' movements as they came and went from their hive. The scientists fed some bees sugar water with a low dose of a neonicotinoid. The study found that these bees were about twice as likely not to return as other bees.Dave Goulson at the University of Stirling in Britain worked on another study published in Science. He says the pesticides could help explain why bumblebee populations are also decreasing.Bayer CropScience makes neonicotinoid pesticides. The company's spokesman Jack Boyne disputed the findings. He also notes that researchers are studying other factors that could affect the bees' population. These include parasites, diseases and stress caused by transporting beehives to farms. Some European countries have banned the pesticides. And there are growing calls to ban them in the United States as well.1．The underlined wo rd“shrinking”in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ________”．A．increasing B．decreasingC．disappearing D．continuing2．Why were microchips tied to the backs of the bees?A．To record how much honey the bees produce.B．To test how the bees react to the microchips.C．To find if the insecticide affects the bees' population.D．To keep track of the bees' movements.3．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that________.A．the pesticides have been forbidden to use in all European countriesB．Bayer CropScience agrees that the pesticides affect the bees' populationC．transporting beehives to farms can surely have an effect on beesD．the use of pesticides is likely to be banned in more countries4．What does the passage mainly talk about?A．The relationship between pesticides and bees.B．Honeybee colony collapse disorder.C．New findings about the reduction of bees.D．Pesticides that kill bees must be banned.(二)The brown widow spider became established in Southern California in early 2000 and has become part of the local spider family in urban Los Angeles and San Diego. The brown widow spider is continuing its expansion in Southern California and could possibly move northwards into Central California.The brown widow is suspected to have evolved in Africa although it was first described from South America, which adds confusion as to where it might have originated. It is a tropical and subtropical spider having established populations in Hawaii, Florida, parts of Australia, South Africa and Japan. In North America, the brown widow was restricted for many decades to the Florida peninsula. However, around the year 2000, it started showing up in other Gulf Coast states. Brown widows are now known from Texas to Georgia and South Carolina.The brown widow builds its web in protected sites around homes and in woody vegetation with branches. Some typical sites selected by brown widows for web building are empty containers such as buckets and nursery pots, mail boxes, entry way corners, under eaves(屋檐), storage closets and garages, undercarriages of motor vehicles that are stationary for long periods, and the undersides of outdoor furniture. They choose places that are more exposed than sites chosen by black widows and therefore appear to be at higher risk for interactions with humans as far as bites are concerned.One recent study demonstrates that the brown widow spider is less poisonous than other widow species. The reason for the weaker effect of brown widow bites on humans is possibly because the brown widow does not have much poison as its larger relatives, but it is really a threat to humans as to its poison. The two major symptoms of a brown widow bite are that the bite hurts when it is given and it leaves a red mark. These two symptoms are not much different from the bite of normal household spiders.There is no specific information regarding the control of brown widows by farm chemicals. Most current advice is what is used for controlling spiders in general. Therefore, most commercially available farm chemicals should work on brown widows. Avoiding a mess of the house and the garage should reduce nest sites for them. Also, one should store garage items in plastic bags where there might be interactions with spiders. These items include rarely worn garments such as gardening clothes and gloves, recreational items like sports equipment(i.e., baseball gloves) and other items where spiders can crawl up into holes where fingers can be inserted.5．The author wrote this article to ________.A．announce the result of a research on spidersB．introduce the ways to get rid of the spidersC．report a new finding of the widow speciesD．warn readers against the brown widow6．From the passage we can conclude that ________.A．brown widows are spreading northwardsB．the brown widow originated from AfricaC．brown widows now can be found in all countriesD．there used to be no brown widows in North America7．The third paragraph is mainly about ________.A．the brown widow's web buildingB．the characteristics of the brown widowC．the habitat preferences of the brown widowD．the brown widow's threat to human beings8．It can be inferred that ________.A．brown widows can be killed with any farm chemicalB．at present people can only control brown widow spidersC．the brown widow has more poison than the black widowD．victims bitten by the brown widow needn't see the doctor(三)A famous building in New York City is turning 100 years old this month. A yearlong celebration is planned for Grand Central Terminal, which is usually called Grand Central Station.The huge building has not changed much since it opened in February, 1913. About 750,000 people pass through Grand Central every day, making it the sixth mostvisited place in the world. Some just come to look at it, and others come to visit the stores. But most are there to catch the trains that enter and leave from the station. With 67 underground train tracks, it is the largest train station in the world.The main part of the building has large, arched windows, a jewelled foursided clock and ticket windows. Grand Central has been seen in many movies through the years. Having worked for the transit authority at Grand Central for 30 years and never having lost interest in the building, Dan Brucker is with the New York City Transit Authority, which operat es the station.“Grand Central is the kind of temple, cathedral that shows the magnificence of rail transportation, and the kind that God would have built if he'd had the money.”This is the beginning of 20th century architecture. The ceiling overhead, with its famous mural of the stars, is one of Grand Central Terminal's most famous features. However, eagleeyed visitors will notice that the zodiac(黄道带) on the ceiling is depicted backwards. Some have assumed that this was a mistake by the artist, Paul Helleu. The real reason, according to official documents, is that the painter was inspired by a medieval(中世纪的) painting that showed the heavens as they would havebeen seen from outside the celestial sphere(天球)．Justin Ferate, a historian, has been giving tours of Grand Central Station for 30 years. He says the station was designed to make travel a pleasure.“You know that you're a traveller, that you're going off on a great adventure, and that you're going to follow your stars and find your dream. You're also going to find your train where it's supposed to be—which is one of the brilliant parts of the design of the building.”Justin Ferate likes to show how the building was designed for large numbers of people.“Why people don't run into each other in Grand Cent ral is simple: each block of stone in Grand Central is the length of your leg. Each block of stone in Grand Central is the length of your arm. Each block of stone is a different colour, so it's a checkerboard, based on you.”A tenyearlong fight against a plan to build a huge office building over Grand Central in 1968 helped create the modern preservation movement. Now, no one would think of changing the beauty of the station.9．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A．announce to people that a celebration is planned for Grand CentralB．encourage people to go to visit Grand CentralC．introduce to people the architectural feature of the building of Grand Central Station D．tell people the important role Grand Central played in history10．What can we learn about Grand Central Station?A．It receives about 750,000 passengers every day.B．Despite its long history, it almost remains what it was.C．With a huge office building over it, it has become more beautiful.D．It is under the charge of Dan Brucker.11．According to the passage, what impresses Justin Ferate most is ________.A．the long history of the buildingB．the mystery of the buildingC．the ceiling of the buildingD．the way the building was designed12．What Dan Brucker said showed the________ of Grand Central.A．importance B．grandnessC．perfectness D．value专题限时训练(三十三) 【史地自然型阅读理解(一)】(一)【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。
(整理版高中英语)市高考英语(暑假)阅读理解训练(11)及答案解析
市高考英语〔暑假〕阅读理解训练〔11〕及答案解析史地常识型阅读理解(一)The Best of AlaskaNothing evokes(唤起) Alaska like a whale exploding out of the water or an eagle pulling a silver fish from the river. Combine these images with high mountains, brilliant icebergs and wonderful meals and you really do have the Best of Alaska! Join us for an unforgettable 7day excursion(远足) to the last frontier!Highlights：JUNEAU: Juneau, the state capital, is rich in culture and scenic beauty. It is here that we start and end our trip.HAINES: Haines is a small community located along the fjords(海湾). The natural beauty and expansive wilderness found here have made Haines a premier center for adventure in Alaska.ALASKA INDIAN ARTS: Alaska Indian Arts is a nonprofit corporation dedicated to the preservation and continuation of traditional native craft and culture of the Northwest Native Tribes. We spend a few hours learning carving, native beading(玻璃珠) and culture from these master artists.SKAGWAY: Skagway is a lively town, which still reflects its gold rush roots and contains colorful shops. In Skagway, we stop by the Klondike Gold Rush National Park Visitor’s Center and ride the White Pass Yukon Route Railway.GUSTAVUS: Gustavus is the gateway to Glacier Bay National Park. We’ll stay at a comfortable lodge here for two nights. This will be the base for both the whalewatching excursion and a full day cruise in Glacier Bay.DATES/PRICES:: May 15, June 17, July 16, August 14.7 days—$3500, including lodging, all meals, excursions, guides, park fees, sales taxes, and transportation between Juneau, Skagway, Haines, and Gustavus. Not included: Alcohol, personal items, airfare to and from Juneau.Contact:Email: info@alaskamountainguidesCall: 800－766－3396Write: Alaska Mountain Guides & Climbing SchoolP．O. Box 1081, Haines AK 99827( )6.You can feel the history of the local place at ________.A．Juneau B．Skagway C．Haines D．Gustavus( )7.You can watch a whale exploding out of the water at ________.A．Glacier Bay National Park B．the Klondike Gold Rush National ParkC．the White Pass Yukon D．the fjords()8.According to the advertisement, the participants of the excursion ________.A．will spend one day experiencing the local culture at Alaska Indian Arts B．can contact Alaska Mountain Guides & Climbing School by email or faxC．are able to experience some adventurous activities in HainesD．can get lots of traditional native artworks free of charge ( )9.Which of the following is a participant required to pay additional fees?A．Going from Gustavus to Juneau by train. B．A full day cruise in Glacier Bay.C．Having the last supper at Juneau. D．Flying from Juneau to his hometown.( )10.It is known from the advertisement that ________.A．the native culture of the Northwest Native Tribes is dying out B．Juneau, as the state capital, is much more beautiful than HainesC．Skagway was the richest town of Alaska in the pastD．Alaska is famous for its culture, history and natural beauty(一)本那么广告主要介绍了阿拉斯加州的自然景观及其历史文化以吸引游客。
2019年高考英语总复习微专题训练第24练历史与地理类word版本
第 24 练历史与地理类高考高与短排：abundant ambassador condition consistcountryside differ discover disturbdivide geography locate landmarkmineral period primitive reflectruin slavery witness worldwide短描：be surrounded by/with...被⋯⋯着/ 包着be located in坐落在⋯⋯be made up of由⋯⋯成be famous/well-known fo r 以⋯⋯名have a population of有⋯⋯的人口have a history of有⋯⋯的史in the course of在⋯⋯期，在⋯⋯程中lie in位于；在于settle down定居take on a new look呈新相貌[ 追踪 ]在空格填入适合的(1 个 ) 或所的正确形式1． This city (locate) on the southern part of the desert.2． We do not tell each other what (disturb) us.3． There were more (slavery) than citizens in ancient Athens.4． The idea that she (witness) this shameful incident meant nothing to him.5． France is (abundant) supplied with excellent family-run hotels.6． My house is surrounded many trees.7． In the wild，wolf packs tend to be made up close family members.8． He is famous his skill in playing basketball.9． One day I ’ ll want to settle and have a family.10． The Great Wall has taken a new look since then.知识运用与写作能力专练Ⅰ . 语法填空(2016 ·安徽庐江六校联考 )During my tour to Kunming in Yunnan Province， I met 1. young Australian at Liuzhou railway station.I learned that he was21 years old,2.(study)Asian literature and history at Sydney University.But to m y surprise， he could speak four languages and knew much about the Asian culture and history， as well as ancientand modern Chinese literature and philosophy masters such as Confucius and LuXun.Young 3. he was， he had travelled a lot， not only in China but also in manyother 4.of Asia.He was a college student.5.， he did not get him stuck in classroom reading only.He said if one 6.(real) wanted to know the society and the world，he should go out to see ，to hear and to find out about the real life.7. ， many students like him in Australia had part-time jobs 8.(earn) a living and save enough moneyfor travelling.I 9.(impress) a lot.I was a bit older than him but I had 10.(little) knowledge aboutthe world.Ⅱ . 短文改错(2017 ·黑龙江双鸭山一中质检)Today our class go to climb a mountain.This morning we set off for mountainby bus.At about nine o’ clock we arrived at the foot of the mountain and with theguidance of our teacher，he started climbing.Because at the half of the mountainsome of us got tired，we all were very exciting.When we got to the top ， we cheered excitedly.Seeing from the top of it ， the view is wonderful.Unfortunately， when we began to go down the mountain ， we were catching in a storm.We shared umbrellas and raincoat with each other and walked more cautious.At last we all reached the parking lot safely and got on the bus heading back to home.Ⅲ . 佳作背诵 ( 历史与地理 )依据下边表格信息，写一篇介绍西藏的英语短文，词数100 左右。
高三英语高考阅读理解专项训练地理类
现吨市安达阳光实验学校高考英语阅读理解专项训练——地理类(1)Death Valley is one of the most famous deserts in the United States, covering a wide area with its alkali sand. Almost 20 percent of this area is well below sea level, and Badwater, a salt water pool, is about 280 feet below sea level and the lowest point in the United States.Long ago the Panamint Indians called thi s place “Tomesha”—the land of fire. Death Valley’s present name dates back to 1849, when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story. Today Death Valley has been declared a National Monument(碑) and is crossed by several well-marked roads where good services can be found easily. Luckily the change created by human settlement has hardly ruined the special beauty of this place.Here nature created a lot of surprising, almost like the sights on the moon, ever-changing as the frequent wind moves the sand about, showing the most unusual colors. One of the most astonishing and variable parts of Death Valley is the Devil’ s Golf Course, where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams. Sand sculptures(沙雕) stand on a frightening ground, as evening shadows move and lengthen.1. _______ is the lowest place in the desert.A. TomeshaB. Death ValleyC. NevadaD. Badwater2. The name of the valley comes from _______.A. an Indian nameB. the death of the minersC. the local peopleD. a National Movement3. From the passage we can learn that _______.A. no one had ever known the desert before the minersB. it’s still not easy to travel across the desertC. people can find gas-stations, cafes and hotels in the desertD. people have changed the natural sight of the desert4. Devil Golf Course is famous for _______.A. the frequent windB. the colors of the sandC. dream-like sightsD. the sand sculptures5. From the passage we can see that the writer _______ the Death Valley.A. appreciatesB. is fearful ofC. dislikesD. is tired of【答案解析】本文介绍了的一个著名沙漠——“死亡谷”名称的由来以及“死亡谷”奇特的风光。
高中英语三 阅读理解 文化历史地理类导学导练精析精解
号顿市安谧阳光实验学校文化、历史、地理类[考题1)(NMET 典型例题Treasure hunts (寻宝) have excited people's imagination for hundreds of years both in real life and in books such as Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island. Kit William, a modern writer, had the idea of combining the real excitement of a treasure hunt with clues (线索) found in a book when he wrote a children's story, Masquerade, in 1979. The book was about a hare, and a month before it came out Williams buried a gold hare in a park in Bedfordshire. The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of "red herrings", or false clues, to mislead them.Ken Roberts, the man who found the hare, had been looking for it for nearly two years. Although he had been searching in the wrong area most of the time, he found it by logic (逻辑), not by luck. His success came from the fact that he had gained an imlportant clue at the start. He had realized that the words: One of Six to Eight under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII's six wives. Even here, how- ever, Williams had succeeded in misleading him. Ken knew that Katherine of Aragon had died at Kimbolton in Cambridgeshire in 1536 and thought that Williams had buried the hare there. He had been digging there for over a year before a new idea occurred to him. He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill, in Bedforshire, and thought that he must have buried the hare in a place he knew well, but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.Even then his search had not come to an end. It was only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross that he decided to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was wasting his time there. Williams encouraged him to continue, and on February 24th 1982, he found the treasure. It was worth ~ 3000 in the beginning, but the excitement it had caused since its burial made it much more valuable.1. The underlined word "them" (Paragraph 1) refers to .A. red herringsB. treasure huntsC. Henry VIII's six wivesD. readers of Masquerade2. What is the most important clue in the story to help Ken Roberts find the hare?A. Two stone crosses in Ampthill.B. Stevenson's Treasure Island.C. Katherine of Aragon.D. Williams' hometown.3. The stone crosses in Ampthill were built .A. to tell about what happened in 1773B. to show respect for Henry VIII's first wifeC. to serve as a roadsign in Ampthill ParkD. to inform people where the gold hare was4. Which of the following describes Roberts' logic in searching for the hare?a. Henry VIII's six wivesb. Katherine's burial place at Kimbohonc. Williams' childhood in Ampthilld. Katherine of Aragone. Stone crosses in Amphill ParkA. a-b-c-e-dB. d-b-c-e-aC. a-d-b-c-eD. b-a-e-c-d5.What is the subject discussed in the text?A. An exciting historical event.B. A modern treasure hunt.C. The attraction of Masquerade.D. The importance of logical thinking.[解析]1.D.本题测试考生根据上下文信息推断代词含义的能力。
高三英语暑期微训练 阅读理解科知识类
位敦市安定阳光实验学校科普知识类一．（高三第三次教学质量检测）EScientists in UK have grown a living human "brain". The team at Aston University created tiny bunch of cells which act like a mini nervous system.They believe it could help find a cure for worse mental conditions like Parkinson’s disease. Professor Michael Coleman is leading the research program. He explained, "We are aiming to be able to study the human brain at the most basic level, using an actual living human cell system. Cells have to be alive and operating efficiently to enable us to really understand how the brain works. "The experiment involves changing cells from a cancer tumour (肿瘤）and making them behave like brain cells.Although far from finished, researchers hope the false brain cells will give them a greater understanding of how real brains work. This, in turn, could significantly further research into conditions which affect the brain. Neil Hunt, chief leader of the research group, said, "It is still very early days, but in the future the research could lead to a useful tool for looking into dementia (痴呆)."The technique could also provide a way to carry on animal test and is being supported by the Humane Research Trust (HRT). The scientists predict that over the next ten years a million people will develop dementia. Professor Coleman believes their findings could change this. He said，"We hope our research will provide scientists with a new and highly relational human experimental model to help them understand the brain better and develop new drugs to control the related disease. However, the biggest challenge at present is that we are greatly short of fund, which will slow our research."72. UK scientists grow a living human "brain" in order to ______.A. study the structure of human brainB. make use of living human cell systemC. discover how human brain really worksD. separate cells from a cancer tumour73. According to Neil Hunt, research into brain cells ______.A. will get finished as early as possibleB. will make people discover dementiaC. will affect the brain growth in many waysD. will help to treat some diseases in nerve system74. From the last paragraph，we can know that ______A. the technique provided by HRT is immatureB. animal tests are no longer allowed by lawC. a million people suffer from brain diseasesD. the research program lacks financial support75. The text is intended to ______.A. tell us about a breakthrough in medical researchB. introduce a research program in human's brainC. introduce the progress of drugs for dementiaD. tell us about health problem in nerve system【考点】考察科普类短文【文章大意】本文介绍了英国家对人类大脑进行的一项研究，能够了解人类大脑的工作原理，为了一些精神疾病找到解决方法。
高考英语总复习 微专题训练 第24练 历史与地理类
第24练历史与地理类Ⅰ.语境填词1．The children are ________(分成) into six groups to practice the dialogue. 2．Few people realized the significance of the ________(发现)．3．There were more ________(slavery) than citizens in ancient Athens. 4．The idea that she ________(目睹) this shameful incident meant nothing to him. 5．France is ________(abundant) supplied with excellent familyrun hotels.Ⅱ.单项填空6．There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage ________ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.(2015·湖北，25)A．leaves out B．goes againstC．lies in D．makes up7．James Cameron，who is famous ________ great action scenes，directed his latestmovie，Avatar.A．as B．inC．on D．for8. The wooden house________by many trees ________ south.A．surrounded；facing B．surrounded；facesC．surrounding；facing D．surrounding；faces9．My breakfast mainly ________ chocolatecovered biscuits and glasses of milk.A．consists of B．makes upC．makes of D．consists in10．The kite is made ________ paper.A．of B．intoC．up of D．fromⅠ.阅读理解A(2017·甘肃通渭马营中学月考)The mysterious human ancestor called Homo naledi(纳莱迪人) was primed for success in a prehistoric triathlon，new research shows—if the challenges were walking upright，climbing trees，and handily wielding tools.Based on fossils retrieved from South Africa’s Rising Star cave，two teams reconstructed the locomotor habits(运动习惯) of Homo naledi，reported Tuesday in Nature Communications.With funding from National Geographic，one took a close look at 107 foot bones，the other at 26 bones from a nearly complete right hand.In most respects，the H．naledi foot looks surprisingly like a modern human’s.Its ankle joint，parallel big toe and wide heel bone belong to a striding biped(两足动物)，a creature fully adapted to efficiently walking upright on two legs.But its lower arch and curved toe bones are more apelike.The hand，with its curved fingers，indicates that H．naledi were strong climbers—and yet the long，strong thumb and shockabsorbing wrist could also have been capable of manipulating tools(though no tools have been found yet)．It’s a mix of features scientists hadn’t seen clearly yet in the genus Homo，to which modern humans belong，particularly when it comes to H．naledi’s pronouncedarboreal proclivities.“H.naledi had a unique form of locomotion for a member o f the genus Homo，” says study author William HarcourtSmith of CUNY’s Lehman College.1．How do people learn about Homo naledi?A．By studying on fossils. B．By meditation.C．By locomotor habits. D．By data base.2．Which of the following statements is RIGHT according to the passage?A．Scientists have enough evidence to make sure that Homo naledi could make tools.B．Homo naledi had a unique form of locomotion so they don’t belong to genus Homo.C．Some features of Homo naledi can show that they are thoroughly modern human.D．There exist some differences between Homo naledi and modern human.3．What is the role of National Geographic?A．The sponsor. B．The scholar.C．The scientist. D．The detector.B(2017·湖南衡阳八中质检)New Zealand will create one of the largest marine protected areas in the world，spanning an area of 620,000 sq km.The Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary(保护区) will be one of the world’s most significant fully protected ecosystems，the prime minister of New Zealand，John Key，told the UN General Assembly in New York.The sanctuary is in the South Pacific Ocean，about 1,000 km northeast of New Zealand，and expands a marine reserve that surrounds some small islands.The area is considered important in terms of biodiversity，featuring nearly 35 species of whales and dolp hins,150 types of fish and three of the world’s seven sea turtle species.It is also geologically significant，including the world’s longest chain of underwater volcanoes and the second deepest ocean trench，into 10 km underwater—deeper than Mount Everest’s h eight.The scale of the sanctuary will dwarf(矮化) any previous New Zealand’s protected area，spanning twice the size of the country’s mainland.It will cover 15% of New Zealand’s economic zone.Commercial and recreational fishing will be completely banned，as will oil，gas and mineral prospecting(勘探)，exploration and mining.Key’s government aims to pass legislation establishing the sanctuary next year.“The sanctuary is a worldclass，unspoiled marine environment and New Zealand is proud to protect it for future generations，” Key said.“New Zealanders value our coasts and oceans，which are an important part of our culture，economy and environment and we are committed to managing them sustainably.Creating protected areas will support not only our own fisheries，but those of our Pacific neighbors，adding to New Zealand’s efforts to help grow Pacific economies through the responsible management of their ocean resources.”Nick Smith，New Zealand’s environment minister，said the sanctuary might impose a cost upon the mining industry but that it is important to protect the ocean before exploration takes place.“New Zealand needs to use its vast ocean resources for jobs and exports in industries like fishing，aquaculture，minerals and energy，but we also need to set aside special areas where nature comes first and marine life is fully protected，” Smith said.New Zealand will monitor the area via its navy and satellite technology.The Kermadec region will join three other key areas in the Pacific protected by the US，the UK and Australia.Matt Rand，director of the Pew Charitable Trusts’ Global Ocean Legacy(遗产) campaign，welcomed Key’s announcement.“New Zealand will create the gold standard of conservation areas in the sanctuary，preserving one of the few relatively unspoiled areas of ocean on Earth，” he said.“This commitment is an exciting step toward meeting global goals to safeguard at least 30% of the ocean through fully protected marine reserves.”4．Why is the Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary important in biodiversity?A．It has a superior geographical location.B．It has many different kinds of sea animals.C．Its environment is suitable for the growth of marine life.D．It is the only unspoiled area of ocean remained on Earth.5．Which of the following will Key probably agree on?A．People are allowed to fish for fun in the sanctuary.B．All Pacific countries should be responsible for ocean resources.C．New Zealanders attach great importance to protecting the sanctuary.D．New Zealand has made great achievement in creating protected areas.6．What can we infer from what Nick Smith said?A．New Zealand should develop its marine industry in special areas.B．The Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary may affect New Zealand’s mining industry.C．New Zealand hasn’t figured out how to make full use of its ocean resources.D．Measures should be taken immediately to protect the ocean after explorations.Ⅱ.佳作背诵(历史与地理)假如你是张磊，你的网友Mike在暑假期间要来中国旅游，想事先了解北京的风貌。
(新)江苏专版2018年高考英语总复习微专题训练第24练历史与地理类
第24练历史与地理类Ⅰ.语境填词1．The children are ________(分成) into six groups to practice the dialogue. 2．Few people realized the significance of the ________(发现)．3．There were more ________(slavery) than citizens in ancient Athens. 4．The idea that she ________(目睹) this shameful incident meant nothing to him. 5．France is ________(abundant) supplied with excellent familyrun hotels.Ⅱ.单项填空6．There is no doubt that this can didate’s advantage ________ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.(2015·湖北，25)A．leaves out B．goes againstC．lies in D．makes up7．James Cameron，who is famous ________ great action scenes，directed his latest movie，Avatar.A．as B．inC．on D．for8. The wooden house________by many trees ________ south.A．surrounded；facing B．surrounded；facesC．surrounding；facing D．surrounding；faces9．My breakfast mainly ________ chocolatecovered biscuits and glasses of milk. A．consists of B．makes upC．makes of D．consists in10．The kite is made ________ paper.A．of B．intoC．up of D．fromⅠ.阅读理解A(2017·甘肃通渭马营中学月考)The mysterious human ancestor called Homo naledi(纳莱迪人) was primed for success in a prehistoric triathlon，new research shows—if the challenges were walking upright，climbing trees，and handily wielding tools.Based on fossils retrieved from South Africa’s Rising Star cav e，two teams reconstructed the locomotor habits(运动习惯) of Homo naledi，reported Tuesday in Nature Communications.With funding from National Geographic，one took a close look at 107 foot bones，the other at 26 bones from a nearly complete right hand.In most respects，the H．naledi foot looks surprisingly like a modern human’s.Its ankle joint，parallel big toe and wide heel bone belong to a striding biped(两足动物)，a creature fully adapted to efficiently walking upright on two legs.But its lower arch and curved toe bone s are more apelike.The hand，with its curved fingers，indicates that H．naledi were strong climbers—and yet the long，strong thumb and shockabsorbing wrist could also have been capable of manipulating tools(though no tools have been found yet)．It’s a mix of features scientists hadn’t seen clearly yet in the genus Homo，to which modern humans belong，particularly when it comes to H．naledi’s pronounced arboreal proclivities.“H.naledi had a unique form of locomotion for a member of the genus Homo，” says study a uthor William HarcourtSmith of CUNY’s Lehman College.1．How do people learn about Homo naledi?A．By studying on fossils. B．By meditation.C．By locomotor habits. D．By data base.2．Which of the following statements is RIGHT according to the passage?A．Scientists have enough evidence to make sure that Homo naledi could make tools.B．Homo naledi had a unique form of locomotion so they don’t belong to genus Homo.C．Some features of Homo naledi can show that they are thoroughly modern human.D．There exist some differences between Homo naledi and modern human.3．What is the role of National Geographic?A．The sponsor. B．The scholar.C．The scientist. D．The detector.B(2017·湖南衡阳八中质检)New Zealand will create one of the largest marine protected areas in the world，spanning an area of 620,000 sq km.The Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary(保护区) will be one of the world’s most significant fully protected ecosystems，the prime minister of New Zealand，John Key，told the UN General Assembly in New York.The sanctuary is in the South Pacific Ocean，about 1,000 km northeast of New Zealand，and expands a marine reserve that surrounds some small islands.The area is considered important in terms of biodiversity，featuring nearly 35 species of whales and dolphins,150 types of fish and thre e of the world’s seven sea turtle species.It is also geologically significant，including the world’s longest chain of underwater volcanoes and the second deepest ocean trench，into 10 km underwater—deeper than Mount Everest’s height.The scale of the sanctuar y will dwarf(矮化) any previous New Zealand’s protected area，spanning twice the size of the country’s mainland.It will cover 15% of New Zealand’s economic zone.Commercial and recreational fishing will be completely banned，as will oil，gas and mineral prospecting(勘探)，exploration and mining.Key’s government aims to pass legislation establishing the sanctuary next year.“The sanctuary is a worldclass，unspoiled marine environment and New Zealand is proud to protect it for future generations，” Key said.“New Zeala nders value our coasts and oceans，which are an important part of our culture，economy and environment and we are committed to managing them sustainably.Creating protected areas will support not only our own fisheries，but those of our Pacific neighbors，addin g to New Zealand’s efforts to help grow Pacific economies through the responsible management of their ocean resources.”Nick Smith，New Zealand’s environment minister，said the sanctuary might impose a cost upon the mining industry but that it is important to protect the ocean before exploration takes place.“New Zealand needs to use its vast ocean resources for jobs and exports in industries like fishing，aquaculture，minerals and energy，but we also need to set aside special areas where nature comes first and marine life is fully protected，” Smith said.New Zealand will monitor the area via its navy and satellite technology.The Kermadec region will join three other key areas in the Pacific protected by the US，the UK and Australia.Matt Rand，director of the Pew C haritable Trusts’ Global Ocean Legacy(遗产)campaign，welcomed Key’s announcement.“New Zealand will create the gold standard of conservation areas in the sanctuary，preserving one of the few relatively unspoiled areas of ocean on Earth，” he said.“This commitme nt is an exciting step toward meeting global goals to safeguard at least 30% of the ocean through fully protected marine reserves.”4．Why is the Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary important in biodiversity?A．It has a superior geographical location.B．It has many different kinds of sea animals.C．Its environment is suitable for the growth of marine life.D．It is the only unspoiled area of ocean remained on Earth.5．Which of the following will Key probably agree on?A．People are allowed to fish for fun in the sanctuary.B．All Pacific countries should be responsible for ocean resources.C．New Zealanders attach great importance to protecting the sanctuary.D．New Zealand has made great achievement in creating protected areas.6．What can we infer from what Nick Smith said?A．New Zealand should develop its marine industry in special areas.B．The Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary may affect New Zealand’s mining industry.C．New Zealand hasn’t figured out how to make full use of its ocean resources.D．Measures should be taken immediately to protect the ocean after explorations.Ⅱ.佳作背诵(历史与地理)假如你是张磊，你的网友Mike在暑假期间要来中国旅游，想事先了解北京的风貌。
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历史地理类一．（2014届江西省重点中学盟校高三第二次联考英语试卷）DMost of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured(施肥)a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars (纪念柱) in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.Animals fight; so do savages (野蛮人); hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently －this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done －is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And it not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets －while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life － nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.70. In the opening sentence the author indicates that ________.A. conquerors, generals and soldiers should not be mentioned in history books.B. history books focus more on those who helped civilization forward.C. those who truly helped civilization forward is rarely mentioned in history books.D. most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers.71. In the author’s opinion, the countries that ruled over a large number of othercountries areA. certainly both the greatest and the most civilizedB. neither the most influential nor the most civilized.C. possibly the most civilized but not the most powerful.D. likely the greatest in some sense but not the most civilized.72. The meaning of “it means saying that might is right.”(The last sentence ofParagraph 2) is that ________.A. in a war only those who are powerful will win.B. those who are right should fight against those who are wrong.C. only those who are powerful have the right to go to war.D. those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong.73. In the third paragraph, what the author wants to convey to us is that ________.A. we have fought fewer wars but suffered heavier casualties.B. modern time is not so civilized compared with the past.C. our age is not much better than those of the past.D. World War I and World War II are different from previous wars.74. According to the passage, who helped civilization forward?A. The pioneers in science and technology.B. Conquerors and generals.C. Those setting disputes by force.D.The experts in military matters75. This passage is most likely taken from an article entitled ________.A. Who Should Be RememberedB. Civilization and HistoryC. War and World PeaceD. Great conquerors in the world【考点】考察历史地理类阅读【文章大意】人们经常记住的是那些征服者，将军或者士兵，但是对于真正推动文明向前发展的人却很少记得。
说明真正推动文明发展的不是这些征服者，将军或者士兵。
而是科学家和先驱者。
70. 【答案】C【试题解析】细节题。
根据文章1,2行Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all.可知出现在历史书上的大部分人都是征服者和将军或者士兵，那些真正推动文明向前发展的人很少被提及。
故C正确。
71. 【答案】D【试题解析】推理题。
根据文章第一段最后3行And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.中最后一句but they are not the most civilized可知虽然这些国家统治了很多其他国家，但是他们使用的是武力和暴力，却未必是最文明的。