CONSULTATION D’OBSERVANCE咨询d'observance

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管理学英语词汇

管理学英语词汇(1）目标mission/ objective集体目标group objective内部环境internal environment外部环境external environment计划planning组织organizing人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management 现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity激励motivate 动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product管理学必备英语词汇服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self—actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory（2）经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach决策理论法the decision theory approach 数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach 管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system管理学必备英语词汇表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor—hours lost 销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology顾客服务customer service策略strategy结构structure（3）领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear 忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate资源resource购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine—hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective 定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective优先priority工资表payroll（4）策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy战术tactics（5)追随followership个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic(6)激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs for self—actualization尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory 反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward（7)特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills 行政管理能力administrative ability 智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership 参与型领导participative leadership 指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement—oriented leadership汉语新难词英译保险业the insurance industry保证重点指出ensure funding for priority areas补发拖欠的养老金clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款non—performing loan层层转包和违法分包multi—level contracting and illegal subcontracting城乡信用社credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障 a minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保障制度the system of medical insurance for urban workers出口信贷export credit贷款质量loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法the five—category assets classification for bank loans防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程flood—prevention project非法外汇交易illegal foreign exchange transaction非贸易收汇foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels非银行金融机构non—bank financial institutions费改税transform administrative fees into taxes跟踪审计follow—up auditing 工程监理制度the monitoring system for projects国有资产安全the safety of state—owned assets过度开垦excess reclamation合同管理制度the contract system for governing projects积极的财政政策pro—active fiscal policy 基本生活费basic allowance解除劳动关系sever labor relation金融监管责任制the responsibility system for financial supervision经济安全economic security靠扩大财政赤字搞建设to increase the deficit to spend more on development扩大国内需求the expansion of domestic demand拉动经济增长fuel economic growth粮食仓库grain depot粮食收购企业grain collection and storage enterprise粮食收购资金实行封闭运行closed operation of grain purchase funds粮食销售市场grain sales market劣质工程shoddy engineering乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arbitrary charges，fund—raising，quotas and fines骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency under false pretenses，not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage融资渠道financing channels商业信贷原则the principles for commercial credit社会保险机构social security institution失业保险金unemployment insurance benefits偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税tax evasion，tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes外汇收支foreign exchange revenue and spending安居工程housing project for low—income urban residents信息化information—based；informationization智力密集型concentration of brain power；Knowledge—intensive外资企业overseas-funded enterprises 下岗职工laid—off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel 三角债chain debts素质教育education for all—round development豆腐渣工程jerry—built projects社会治安情况law-and—order situation 民族国家nation state“＊*" ”independence of Taiwan”台湾当局Taiwan authorities台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。

FDA仿制药一致性评价指导指南(中英文版)

Guidance for Industry Controlled Correspondence Related to Generic DrugDevelopment行业指南：有关仿制药研发的书面咨询This guidance represents the current thinking of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, or the Agency) on this topic. It does not establish any rights for any person and is not binding on FDA or the public. You can use an alternative approach if it satisfies the requirements of the applicable statutes and regulations. To discuss an alternative approach, contact the FDA staff responsible for this guidance as listed on the title page.该指南代表了FDA对该主题目前的看法。

它并不会赋予任何人任何权利，也不会约束FDA或公众，如果有替代的方法能够满足法律法规的要求，可以使用替代的方法。

如果想探讨替代的方法，请联系该指南首页中FDA 负责执行该指南的工作人员。

I.INTRODUCTION 简介This guidance provides information regarding the process by which generic drug manufacturers and related industry can submit correspondence to FDA requesting information related to generic drug development. This guidance also describes the Agency’s process for providing communications related to such correspondence. FDA is issuing this guidance as part of its implementation of the Generic Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012 (Public Law 112-144, Title III), commonly referred to as GDUFA.该指南描述了仿制药生产商以及相关行业向FDA提交书面咨询，询问有关仿制药研发信息的过程，同时还描述了FDA针对这些书面咨询提供交流的过程。

转型咨询的术语英文

转型咨询的术语英文Terminology in Transformation ConsultingTransformation consulting is a dynamic field that encompasses a wide range of strategies and methodologies aimed at helping organizations navigate the complexities of change. As the business landscape continues to evolve, the need for effective transformation strategies has become increasingly crucial. To navigate this landscape, professionals in the field of transformation consulting have developed a unique set of terminology that serves to facilitate communication, enhance understanding, and enable the successful implementation of change initiatives.One of the core concepts in transformation consulting is the idea of "organizational transformation." This refers to the comprehensive and strategic process of aligning an organization's people, processes, and technologies to achieve a desired future state. This often involves a deep examination of the organization's current state, the identification of areas for improvement, and the development of a tailored plan to drive the necessary changes.Another key term in the transformation consulting lexicon is "changemanagement." This discipline focuses on the human aspects of organizational change, addressing the psychological and emotional reactions that individuals may experience during periods of transition. Effective change management strategies aim to minimize resistance, foster buy-in, and ensure that the desired outcomes are achieved.The concept of "digital transformation" has also become increasingly prominent in the field of transformation consulting. This refers to the integration of digital technologies, such as cloud computing, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence, to fundamentally alter the way an organization operates and delivers value to its stakeholders. Digital transformation often requires a comprehensive review of an organization's existing processes, systems, and capabilities, and the development of a strategic roadmap to leverage digital technologies for competitive advantage.Closely related to digital transformation is the notion of "business process optimization." This involves the analysis and refinement of an organization's core business processes to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance overall performance. Transformation consultants often employ process mapping, workflow analysis, and automation techniques to identify and address areas for improvement.Another important term in transformation consulting is "organizational culture." This refers to the shared beliefs, values, and behaviors that shape the way an organization functions. Transformation initiatives often require a deep understanding of the existing organizational culture and the development of strategies to align it with the desired future state.The concept of "stakeholder engagement" is also crucial in transformation consulting. This involves the identification, analysis, and active involvement of all individuals and groups who are impacted by or have a vested interest in the change initiative. Effective stakeholder engagement helps to ensure that the transformation process is inclusive, collaborative, and responsive to the needs of all affected parties.Closely related to stakeholder engagement is the idea of "change readiness." This refers to the assessment of an organization's preparedness to undertake a transformation initiative, taking into account factors such as leadership support, employee buy-in, and the availability of necessary resources. Transformation consultants often utilize various assessment tools and frameworks to gauge an organization's change readiness and develop targeted strategies to address any identified gaps.Another key term in the transformation consulting lexicon is "agiletransformation." This approach emphasizes the adoption of agile methodologies, such as Scrum and Kanban, to drive organizational change in a more iterative and responsive manner. Agile transformation focuses on the rapid prototyping, testing, and refinement of change initiatives, allowing organizations to adapt to evolving market conditions and stakeholder needs.The concept of "organizational design" is also crucial in transformation consulting. This involves the strategic reconfiguration of an organization's structure, roles, and responsibilities to align with the desired future state. Transformation consultants often work closely with clients to develop optimal organizational designs that support the achievement of strategic objectives.Finally, the term "transformation roadmap" is used to describe the comprehensive plan that outlines the steps, timelines, and resources required to successfully execute a transformation initiative. This roadmap serves as a guiding framework for the change process, ensuring that all stakeholders are aligned and that progress is monitored and measured effectively.In conclusion, the field of transformation consulting is characterized by a rich and diverse set of terminology that reflects the complexity and nuance of organizational change. By understanding and applying these key concepts, transformation consultants can betternavigate the challenges and opportunities that arise in their work, ultimately helping their clients achieve their desired outcomes and thrive in an ever-changing business landscape.。

【组织发展】OD咨询流程

OD咨询流程The OD Consulting ProcessOD咨询流程The OD consulting process is a dynamic, iterative process of inquiry and action rooted in action research. The client and OD practitioner collaborate in every aspect of the initiative. OD咨询流程是一个源自于行动研究的动态、反复的探询和行动过程。

客户与OD实践者的协作涉及OD 活动的方方面面。

This collaborative process engages the client and practitioner in surfacing organizational patterns that facilitate and/or hinder the organization's ability to be optimally effective, innovative, and adaptive. Through the practice of discovery and growing awareness, the client and practitioner set the stage for leveraging organizational strengths, gaining the necessary momentum for change, and delivering creative and innovative interventions. The process is future oriented and supports the client to manage challenges and change while maximizing potential and alignment with mission, purpose and desired future state. 期间，客户与实践者共同协作，发现促进和/或阻碍组织有效性、革新性与适应性达到最佳状态的组织模式。

Consultation and liaison psychiatry

History of Consultation – Liaison Psychiatry
▪ Its early origins reflect the emergence of General Hospital Psychiatry.
What is consultation-liaison psychiatry’s present position?
▪ The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology: recommended subspecialty for Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry renaming it Psychosomatic Medicine
Consultation and liaison psychiatry
Gábor Gazdag MD, PhD Szent István and Szent László Hospitals, Consultation-Liaison Psychiatric Service
Definition
▪ Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry is a subspecialty of psychiatry that incorporates clinical service, teaching, and research at the borderland of psychiatry and medicine. (Lipowski, 1983)
▪ June 2001: American Psychiatric Association Board of Trustees supported application
▪ 2003: American Board of Medical Specialties approved the recommendation

咨询真相bwek

根据初步接洽结果，收集整理客户、行业的背景资料为保障企业沟通顺畅与客户签订《保密协议》拟定调研提纲提交客户讨论，内部召开咨询立项分析会依据确认的调研提纲，在客户内外部收集相关信息资讯整理分析相关调研资料信息和行业背景资讯撰写《项目建议书》提交客户讨论，为签合同作准备界定合作范围和项目内容，签订合同，并支付前期费用
与客户共同组成项目组，确定咨询计划和项目进度表访谈客户相关人员（客户项目负责人及联络人深度访谈）根据需要，征得客户同意，进行必要的重点问题访查全面诊断分析，深入讨论共识问题，共同探讨解决思路研究、拟定解决方案、提交客户讨论，并不断完善方案按照确认思路方案，完成咨询项目报告，支付中期费用与客户召开咨询项目提案会，详细解说项目方案、进程
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达则兼济天下,穷则独善其身
成长形民营企业咨询失败的原因－分析篇
木人：作用没说清楚，企业的期望过高。咨询能力欠缺，对民营企业真正的人力资源问题把握
不准。咨询不从容，盲目运用所谓先进工具。工具跟企业现实不匹配。现有人员能力短时间内无法提升导致系统不能体现效
果。缺乏合适的执行人员。顾问思维简化，对变革难度估计偏低。缺乏合适的策略来沟通或者动员大家的参与。
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达则兼济天下,穷则独善其身
一些关于管理咨询的书籍－武器篇
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达则兼济天下,穷则独善其身
其他关于管理咨询的话题
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供建议和解决方案。协助企业建立管理制度和激励机制以及协助企业培训管理层及各级员
工的素质和技能，为企业人力资源体系建设提供建议和专业辅导。协助企业建立科学、规范的管理模式、营销体系和制订各项管理规章
制度及具有特色的企业文化。协助企业信息化系统的建立、完善和改进。组织各类培训、各项管理经验交流、研讨活动。其他 ……

咨询

咨询求助编辑咨询（consultation）是通过某些人头脑中所储备的知识经验和通过对各种信息资料的综合加工而进行的综合性研究开发。

咨询产生智力劳动的综合效益，起着为决策者充当顾问、参谋和外脑的作用。

咨询一词拉丁语为consultatio，意为商讨、协商。

在中国古代“咨”和“询”原是两个词，咨是商量，询是询问，后来逐渐形成一个复合词，具有询问、谋划、商量、磋商等意思。

作为一项具有参谋、服务性的社会活动，在军事、政治、经济领域中发展起来，已成为社会、经济、政治活动中辅助决策的重要手段，并逐渐形成一门应用性软科学。

目录释义管理咨询服务顾问咨询服务咨询的分类咨询公司的发展著名的咨询公司咨询产业的三个层次如何对管理咨询工作进行评估中国管理咨询业的核心能力展开编辑本段释义拼音：zī xún英文：consult（咨询，向…请教） advisory（咨询的，劝告的）意思：商议，询问，咨问，咨访。

用于同级机关的一种公文：咨文。

叹气的声音：咨嗟（a.叹息；b.赞叹）。

问，征求意见：询问，询查，查询，质询，询事考言（查问考核言行是否相符）。

近义词：征询询问基本解释[seek advice from] 征求意见 (多指行政当局向顾问之类的人员或特设的机关征求意见)。

详细解释访问；征求意见。

《诗·小雅·皇皇者华》：“载驰载驱，周爰咨询。

” 汉王符《潜夫论·叙录》：“刍荛虽微陋，先圣亦咨询。

” 明方孝孺《核咎赋》：“迹虽存而世久兮，欲咨询而未能。

” 郭沫若《洪波曲》第七章五：“﹝国民参政会﹞每周开会一二次，听听报告，备备咨询。

”编辑本段管理咨询服务管理咨询服务是具有丰富的管理知识和经验，并且掌握了咨询技法的人所从事的高智能的服务工作，是咨询人员在企业提出要求的基础上深入企业，并且和企业管理人员密切结合，应用科学的方法，找出企业存在的主要问题，进行定量和确有论据的定性分析，查出存在问题的原因，提出切实可行的改善方案，进而指导实施方案，使企业的运行机制得到改善，提高企业的管理水平和经济效益。

咨询计划决策6步法

咨询计划决策6步法English Answer:The Six-Step Consultation Planning Decision-Making Process.1. Identify the problem or opportunity.2. Gather information.3. Generate and evaluate alternatives.4. Make a decision.5. Implement the decision.6. Evaluate the results.Step 1: Identify the problem or opportunity.The first step in the consultation planning decision-making process is to identify the problem or opportunity that you are facing. This may seem like a simple step, but it is important to take the time to clearly define the problem or opportunity so that you can develop a plan to address it effectively.Step 2: Gather information.Once you have identified the problem or opportunity, you need to gather information to help you understand the situation and develop potential solutions. This information may come from a variety of sources, such as research, interviews, and observation.Step 3: Generate and evaluate alternatives.Once you have gathered information, you can begin to generate potential solutions to the problem or opportunity. It is important to generate a wide range of alternatives so that you have a variety of options to choose from. Once you have generated a list of potential solutions, you need toevaluate each one to determine its feasibility, cost, and potential impact.Step 4: Make a decision.After you have evaluated the potential solutions, you need to make a decision about which one to implement. This decision should be based on the information you have gathered and the evaluation you have conducted.Step 5: Implement the decision.Once you have made a decision, you need to implement it. This may involve taking action yourself, or it may involve delegating the task to someone else. It is important to develop a plan for implementing the decision and to monitor its progress.Step 6: Evaluate the results.Once you have implemented the decision, you need to evaluate the results to determine whether it was successful.This may involve measuring the impact of the decision or gathering feedback from stakeholders. The evaluation process will help you to identify any areas where the decision could be improved.中文回答：咨询计划决策的六步法。

西班牙企业管理咨询专业服务合同模板

西班牙企业管理咨询专业服务合同模板一、概述服务提供方（Consultant）：公司名称：______________注册地质：______________ 联系方式：______________电子：______________服务接受方（Client）：公司名称：______________注册地质：______________ 联系方式：______________电子：______________在本合同中，服务提供方将为服务接受方提供咨询专业服务，双方均同意遵守本合同的规定。

二、服务内容–提供市场调研和分析报告；–提供战略规划和业务发展方案；–提供组织结构和流程优化建议；–提供财务管理和资金筹集方案；–提供人力资源管理和培训计划；–其他双方另行商定的咨询服务。

1.服务提供方将根据具体项目需求，确定项目起止时间、工作成果交付时间和付款方式，并在双方达成一致后，编制工作计划，供双方参考和遵守。

三、服务费用1.服务接受方同意支付服务提供方的服务费用。

具体费用和支付方式如下：–服务费用：______________–支付方式：______________–支付时间：______________2.服务费用包括服务提供方提供的咨询专业服务以及必要的费用，如材料费、交通费等。

双方同意在签署本合同后的5个工作日内支付首笔服务费用的50%，并在服务完成后的5个工作日内支付剩余费用的50%。

四、保密条款1.双方同意在合作过程中保守商业机密和涉及的所有保密信息。

2.本条款不限制双方在事前取得对方书面同意的情况下披露有关保密信息。

五、风险责任1.双方同意在合作期间按照职业规范和相关法律法规履行各自的责任。

2.本合同项下的服务提供方不对服务接受方的业务决策及其后果承担责任。

六、合同解除1.如因不可抗力或其他无法预见、无法避免情况导致本合同无法履行，双方均有权解除合同。

2.如因一方违反本合同约定，给对方造成损失的，对方有权解除合同并追究违约方的责任。

世行咨询服务指南孙慧学员版

• January 2011
2004年5月，2006年10月修改版
• 世界银行借款人选择和雇用咨询人指南
• GUIDELINES
• Selection and Employment of BY WORLD BANK BORROWERS
• May 2004, Revised October 2006
Provisions合同类型和重要的条款 Selection of Individual Consultants个
人咨询顾问的选择 Appendices附录
5
SCOPE OF BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES FOR CONSULTANTS IN WORLD BANK PROJECTS
1.8 适用性
• 指南的原则、规定和程序适用于全部和部分由世行贷款的咨询服务合同。借款人可以使用其它法规和程序采购上述资金之外的合同，这些合同包含在贷款协议规定的合同范围内。在这种情况下，世行必须满意：（a）采用的程序选择的咨询人有要求的资格，借款人勤奋地和有效地实施了项目；（b）选择的咨询人按照同意的进度完成任务；（c）服务的范围与项目的需要一致。
据此， BA公司提交了建议书，并将Dh公司作为其子咨询公司。从BA公司的技术建议书中可以看出， Dh公司的投入将占主要部分，包括大约50%的关键人员都由Dh公司提供。
问题1:C合同中，在BA公司的技术建议书中，将Dh公司作为其子咨询公司，这种做法将构成利益间的相互冲突吗?如果构成，在什么基础上。
Economy and Efficiency 经济性和效率性
Fair Selection Process公平的选择过程
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS (cont’d) 总体考虑因素

咨询名词解释

1.YA VIS病人：指具有年轻，有吸引力，善言谈，聪慧和成功等特点的来防者。

2.心力萎顿：是一种心理状态。

它起于人的主观无助感，即无法应付他（她）自己以及周围的人都觉得她（他）能够处理的问题。

3.强化：伴随着条件刺激的呈现给予无条件刺激，让目标行为出现的频率得以增加。

4.抗条件作用：对一个已形成的条件反应进行这样的操作：一方面撤销原来的强化物，同时设法使一个不能与原来的条件反应共存的反应与原来的条件刺激建立联系，结果原来的条件反应会更迅速地被消除。

5.系统脱敏：使当事人在放松状态下接触（实际的或是想象的）恐惧对象来克服焦虑。

主要用于治疗各种恐惧症状。

6.替代强化：通过观察、模仿、学习而使某个行为或行为频率的增加。

7.ABC理论：可以用于解释情绪失调的原因。

A代表诱发事件；B代表当事人对A的信念、认知、评价和看法；C代表个体出现的认知、情绪和行为。

8.非理性信念：相对于理性信念而言。

能引起情绪、行为的失调；有着“绝对化”“必须如此”“不可通融“等特点。

9.防御机制：自我在协调解决矛盾的过程中逐渐发展出一些手法、技巧和一些习惯性的反应方式。

使自我、本我、超我都得到满足。

至少在主观上做到与客观现实相适应。

这种方式具备某种心理保护的功能，所以也称作自我心理防御。

10.内部获益：指第一级获益。

指症状满足了病人的无意识欲望，使无意识冲突得到变相的虚幻的解决这一事实。

11.二级获益：指病人借助生病，从家人、朋友和其他人那里获得支持、同情、安慰，从而减低应激压力。

12.疑病素质：之一种精神活动的倾向性，即担心自己患病。

13.精神交互作用：当感觉和注意出现一种交互，彼此促进的局面，致使该感觉越来越放大，人再也无心注意到别的事情。

14.实现趋向：是人身上的一种最基本地，统御人的生命活动的驱动力量；它是向上、向前、积极的、有建设性、创造性的力量。

15.现象场：当事人的主观经验世界。

16.心理失调：当经验和自我之间存在不一致和冲突，只要个体否认或曲解经验，此时就会出现一种心理的不平衡。

咨询、指导、劝服名词解释

咨询、指导、劝服名词解释
咨询
咨询（consultation）意思是通过某些人头脑中所储备的知识经验和通过对各种信息资料的综合加工而进行的综合性研究开发。

咨询产生智力劳动的综合效益，起着为决策者充当顾问、参谋和外脑的作用。

咨询一词拉丁语为consultatio，意为商讨、协商。

在中国古代“咨”和“询”原是两个词，咨是商量，询是询问，后来逐渐形成一个复合词，具有以供询问、谋划、商量、磋商等意思。

指导 zhǐdǎo
(1) [guide;direct]∶指示教导;指点引导
指导学生实习
(2) [coach]∶体育运动的教练员
引用解释
1.亦作“指道”。

指示教导；指点引导。

汉荀悦《汉纪·宣帝纪一》：“囚人不胜痛，则饰妄辞以示之；吏治者利其然，则指导以明之。

”《汉书·路温舒传》作“则指道以明之”。

周寿昌《汉书注校补》：“指道，言指画引导也。

”唐司空图《唐卢公神道碑》：“及公中第，即又孜孜指导进取，果岁继捷，皆籍于显地。

”
况周颐《蕙风词话》卷一：“苦於不自知，又无师友指导之耳。

”顾颉刚《我是怎样编写＜古史辨＞的》：“他们对每部书都作了一篇仔细的内容介绍和评论，足为我读书时的指导。

”
劝服
劝服即因受劝勉而乐于遵从教化，出自《后汉书·鲍昱传》。

OD组织发展OD咨询过程

OD组织发展OD咨询过程组织发展（Organizational Development，简称OD）是指通过全面、系统、渐进的方法，促使组织内部系统的调整和改进，以适应不断变化的外部环境，提升组织整体绩效和员工满意度的过程。

而OD咨询则是在组织发展过程中提供专业指导和支持的重要环节。

本文将从咨询的前期准备、咨询过程中的诊断和干预以及咨询的总结与评估三个方面，探讨OD组织发展的咨询过程。

一、咨询前期准备在进行OD咨询之前，须进行充分的准备工作，以确保咨询过程的顺利进行。

首先，咨询师需要与组织领导层或者相关人员进行沟通，明确咨询目的和预期效果。

此外，咨询师还需要了解组织的历史和文化，分析组织的潜在问题和挑战。

准备阶段的重要任务还包括建立良好的信任和合作关系，确保咨询师与组织成员之间的沟通畅通。

二、咨询过程中的诊断和干预1. 诊断诊断是OD咨询过程的重要环节，通过对组织系统的全面分析和评估，确定组织存在的问题和需要改进的方向。

诊断的方法包括访谈、观察、问卷调查等，旨在收集和整理组织成员的意见和反馈。

咨询师需要运用相关工具和技术，对数据进行分析和解读，并形成诊断报告。

诊断报告应该客观准确地反映组织的现状和问题，并提出相应的改进方案和建议。

2. 干预干预是指在诊断的基础上，采取一系列行动来推动组织改进和发展。

干预可以包括培训、工作坊、团队建设等，旨在提升组织的绩效和有效性。

在干预过程中，咨询师需要与组织成员紧密合作，共同制定改进计划和目标，并提供必要的指导和支持。

咨询师还需要与组织领导层保持密切沟通，确保改进方案的顺利实施。

三、咨询的总结与评估咨询过程完成后，需要进行总结和评估，以检视咨询的效果和成效。

咨询师可以采用问卷调查、访谈等方法，收集组织成员的反馈和意见。

在总结和评估阶段，咨询师需要客观分析咨询过程中的成功和失败因素，并提出改进的建议和措施。

此外，咨询师还需要与组织领导层进行反馈，确保咨询成果的可持续性和落地效果。