四川省万源市高考英语二轮复习阅读理解训练(3)

四川万源市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮训练（3）阅读理解训练Culture and CuisineThe United States is known for jazz and blue jeans. Buttravel to Paris and ask your average French citizen aboutAmerican cuisine(烹饪)and he's likely to answer，“McDonalds.”Ask the same thing of any Ame rican citizen on anyAmerican street and I'm afraid you'd get the same answer, or something close to it.Hamburgers and hotdogs and fries are all fine, but with American malls and other outlets standardizing everything from clothing to food, the sad truth is that American cuisine is becoming more homogeneous—all the same—no matter where you live. True, many Americans are eating more varied foods these days, but these are largely the cuisines of immigrant groups, and they are quite likely to be affected by homogenization of American cuisine.So what exactly is American cuisine? Well, to some extent it is a reflection of our melting pot culture, meaning that Europeans made huge contributions in the form of wheat, dairy products, pork, beef and poultry. But American cuisine also includes products that once were known only to the New World, including potatoes, corn, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, and peanuts.The one region of the country where you still find all these things in daily use is the Deep South. The South lost the Civil War, but children of the southerners are winning the battle to preserve and advance their cooking traditions—and in this case one of the few cuisines can truly be called American, which is why we're pleased to have Low Country cuisine in this issue of food creation. That's right, grits and gravy are back in a big way in cities like Charleston and Savannah. Truth is, they never really left, but up until a decade ago Low Country cuisine was more common at home than in restaurants.In fact, a large number of tourists now go to the lower Atlantic region in order to experience this extraordinary cuisine for themselves. Time will tell whether Low Country cuisine becomes popular in other regions of the country in the way that, say, Italian cuisine has, but it's amazing and heartening to see one of our true cultural treasures enjoying renewed popularity in these increasingly homogeneous times.文章大意：该文是说明文。

主要介绍关于美国饮食的变化历程。

9．According to the passage, American cuisine impresses people as being ________.A．dull and changelessB．rich and variousC．popular and deliciousD．disagreeable and unpleasant答案：A 细节理解题。

A项枯燥并无变化；B项丰富并多变的；C项受欢迎且味道鲜美的；D项不赞成且不愉快的。

根据第二段的．..the sad truth is that American cuisine is becoming more homogeneous—all the same—no matter where you live可知，美国的烹饪无变化。

故选A。

10．It can be seen that the writer feels regretful that ________.A．cuisines of other countries play a more important role in AmericaB．American cuisine has become increasingly lacking in varietyC．American cuisine tends to vary because of immigrationD．American cuisine is being changed by foreign cuisines答案：B 推理判断题。

通读全文，文中多次出现“homogeneous... homogenization...”说明 American cuisine 正在模式化，统一化，甚至同化了一些外来的饮食。

故选B。

11．From the passage, we know that grits and gravy ________.A．were cooked with new materials after the Civil WarB．are gaining popularity in the south of AmericaC．were more popular over ten years agoD．are seldom served in restaurants答案：B 推理判断题。

根据文章第四段的“grits and gravy are back in a big way in cities...”说明 American cuisine 流行起来了。

从后文的“time will tell...in other regions”能看出来这种流行现在还局限在南方。

故选B。

12．What's the writer's attitude towards the renewal of Low Country cuisine in America?A．Concerned and cautious. B．Hopeless and doubtful.C．Positive and supportive. D．Critical and disapproving.答案：C 细节理解题。

Concerned and cautious担心的和认真的；Hopeless and doubtful 无希望的并怀疑的；Positive and supportive积极并支持的；Critical and disapproving 批评和否定的。

通读全文，并根据文章的最后一句话 it's amazing and heartening to see one of our... 说明作者的是积极并支持的。

所以选 C。

【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2014模拟调研】CThe closest known relative of the ancestors of limbed（肢体）animals such as humans may have evolved the foundation for back legs even before the move to land, researchers say. This ancestor may have even been able to walk underwater, they add.These findings reveal that a key step in the evolution of back limbs happened in fish,challenging previous theories that such appendages（附肢）evolved only after the move to land.Scientists investigated fossils（化石）of a 375-million-year-old fish known as Tiktaalik,discovered in 2004 in northern Canada's Ellesmere Island. Possessing a broad flat head andsharp teeth, Tiktaalik resembled a cross between a fish and a crocodile, growing to a length of 9 feet (2.7 meters) as it hunted for its food in shallow freshwater. This ancient creature was undoubtedly a fish. However, it also had features seen in modern tetrapods（四足动物）．This ancient fish had large forefins and shoulders, elbows and partial wrists, enabling it to support itself on ground. This makes it the best-known example of a link between finned（鳍）animals and limbed animals marking the evolutionary change from water to land for creatures with backbones.Previous analyses of other fossils dating from the water-land change found their backappendages were small and weak compared with their front appendages. This suggested theearliest ancestors of tetrapods perhaps had a "front-wheel drive" form of movement thatdepended more on their front limbs, and that a "four-wheel drive" form of movement with strong hips and back limbs only developed after tetrapods evolved.Until now, the only fossils of Tiktaalik researchers had examined were of its front parts. To find out more about the fish, researchers investigated additionalblocks of rock recovered from the dig site where Tiktaalik was discovered. Although some of these blocks were first dug in 2004, researchers did not look at them more closely until recently, mainly because the blocks did not seem to contain much bone. Moreover, it took years to carefully and properly remove the rock surrounding the fragile fossils.The scientists discovered the back part of Tiktaalik．This made a direct comparison of the front and back appendages of the animal possible. Unexpectedly, the researchers found Tiktaalik had big, strong pelvic（胃盆）bones with similarities to early tetrapods."I was expecting to find a diminutive back fin and pelvis," study lead author Neil Shubin, a paleontologist at the University of Chicago, told LiveScience. "Seeing the huge pelvis set me back a bit-I looked at it again and again, because I was quite surprised."Shubin cautioned that Tiktaalik is not the ancestor of all limbed vertebrates. It is currently the closest known relative, "but not the only, direct ancestor," he said. "It is more like our closest cousin."63．According to the passage, previous findings show that＿．A. the evolution of back limbs happened under the waterB. the ancestors of limbed animals could walk underwaterC. the back legs of limbed animals evolved after the transition to living on landD. tetrapods had a "four-wheel drive" form of movement before they evolved64. Scientists think the findings of Tiktaalik are significant because＿．A. Tiktaalik is the earliest fish living on the earthB. Tiktaalik fills a gap between fish and limbed animalsC. Tiktaalik is the only closest known relative of limbed animalsD. Tiktaalik gives them a chance to compare the front and back limbs 65．Why didn't the researchers examine the fossils of the back part of Tiktaalik many years ago?A. Because the blocks contained too much bone of Tiktaalik.B ．Because Tiktaalik is not the ancestor of all limbed animals.C. Because the research of fossils is a slow and time-consuming process.D. Because the fossils were discovered in northern Canada's Ellesmere Island.66. What does the underlined word "diminutive" in Paragraph 8 mean?A. Unique.B. Complete.C. Flexible.D. Small.【参考答案】 63—65、CBC 66、D【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2014模拟调研】DIn many American schools the holiday celebrating Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthday is used as an opportunity to teach children about his life and legacy. But in too many of those same schools, Black children's extraordinary talents are still being wasted today. Nearly three-quarters of Black fourth and eighth grade public school students cannot read or compute at grade level.Black students made up only 18 percent of students in public schools in 2009-2010 but were 40 percent of students who received one or more out-of-school suspensions （暂被停学）．A Blackpublic school student is suspended every four seconds. Black students are more than twice aslikely to drop out of school as White students. Each school day 763 Black high school students drop out.So I applaud the U．S. Departments of Education and Justice for their recent action toaddress harmful school discipline policies that push so many thousands of black children out of school each year and into the juvenile（青少年)justice and adult prison pipeline. If the education system is to do its part in replacing it with a cradle to college, career and success pipeline, we must end the current practice where children in the greatest need are suspended from school mostly for nonviolent offenses.These resources, officially known as "guidance," will help schools and districtsmeet their legal responsibility to protect students from discrimination on the basis of race, color or national origin as required under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. As we recognize the 50th anniversary of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and so many other important hard-won victories in the Civil Rights Movement this year, we must remember those victories could be lost without meaningful enforcement of the laws advocates fought so hard to win half a century ago.While the guidance does not prohibit schools or districts from using any particularnondiscriminatory policy, it does call into question some policies that have historically excludedBlack students and are of questionable educational value including "zero tolerance" disciplinepolicies which require mandatory（强制的）consequences for certain infractions（违反），and policies that prevent students from returning to school after completion of a court sentence.Information of the new guidance recommendations is available at this government website for almost every school and district in the country. Check your own school district now to see whether the discipline policy is focused on creating a positive school climate and preventing misbehavior, whether consequences are clear, appropriate and consistent, and whether there is a commitment to fairness in the application of discipline.67. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?A. Unsatisfa ctory situation of Black students’education.B ．Life and legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.C ．The percentage of Black students dropping out of school.D. The holiday celebrating Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s birthday.68．The guidance issued by the U.S. Departments of Education and Justice may＿．A. protect Black children from being suspended for nonviolent offensesB ．prevent Black children from coming back to school after a court sentenceC. push thousands of Black children out of school each yearD ．punish Black children for dropping out of school69. According to the passage, the "zero tolerance" discipline policies＿·A. have questionable consequencesB ．are prohibited by the guidanceC ．prevent Black children from being absent from schoolD. were considered discriminatory when they were released70. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Criticism of the Education SystemB. Steps Forward on School DisciplineC ．Suggestions on the Civil Rights Act D. Victories in the Civil Rights Movement 67—70、AAAB阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A,B,C,和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。