一、名词
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英语课外(小)语法知识项目-------- 一、名词
在历届中考里,名词是英语必考知识,会出现在“单项选择题”、“完形填空”两类题型。它的考查内容主要有:近义、近形名词、可数名词/不可数名词、be动词的数/实义动词的数、名词所有格。
§1.1 近义、近形名词
【A类有关天文地理方面】
1.关于“天文航空”名词:
space planet/star satellite
spaceship rocket robot air
2.表示“地球--土”的名词:
earth sky
land ground earth field
3.表示地点、位置、空间的名词:
room seat place area
【B类有关“人”方面】
4.描述“人物属性”的名词:
given name family name sex age
birthday date of birth
height build weight
5.(职业)“特殊职业”名词:
professor coach
officer secretary interviewer
staff servant waiter
boss president manager
passenger costumer tourist visitor
6.(头脑) 相关“思考”的名词:
thought、idea、opinion、attitude、plan、advice/suggestion
7.(听觉) 表示“声音”名词:sound、voice、noise、shout/cry
8.(观看)“文艺节目类”名词:电影类、电视类、、戏曲类、计算机类
⑴ movie -- action movie thriller comedy documentary
⑵TV --TV show/program TV play soap opera sitcom talk show
⑶soap -- Peking Opera
⑷computer -- program
9.(见闻) 相关“新闻、消息、信息”名词:news、message、information
10.(情感) 表示“情感”名词:
joy surprise happiness shock
【C类有关“物品”方面】
11.表示“物品(商品)属性”的名词:
product quality price
shape size kind/type color style
12.“食物、饮料、水果、蔬菜类”名词:food、drink、fruit、vegetable
13.表示“器械”的名词:
furniture shelf equipment
14.“厨房”里的物品:
dish knife fork spoon
ingredient oil salt jam vinegar 【D类有关“社会文化”方面】
15.相关“逻辑推理”方面的名词:
result cause reason
16.国家民族文化名词:
country nation
culture custom tradition
17.“社会百科”名词:
environment development argument
government amusement entertainment
§1.1 近义、近形名词典型试题
( )1. The music reminded me of the _________ of a running steam. (2008年合肥)
A. sound
B. voice
C. noise
D. shout
( ) 2. We all know _________ doesn’t travel as fast as light. (2010年南通)
A. voice
B. noise
C. sound
D. cry
( )3. __________ about the sports meeting make us excited. (2012年中考预测)
A. News
B. Information
C. Messages
D. Advice
( )4. I don’t know how to deal with my family problem. Can you give me some _______?
A. instructions
B. information
C. messages
D. advice
( )5. There are millions of websites on the Internet and there _________ a lot of useful _________ on the websites.
A. are;informations
B. are;information
C. is;information
( ) 6. I want to buy the book Gold Mountain. Do you know its ________?
A. cover
B. size
C. color
D. price
()7. --Dad, I’ve got an“A”in the math exam. (2012年中考预测)
--Great. And I’m sure you will do better, because this is a good ________.
A. report
B. result
C. start
D. skill
()8. The two cities have reached an ________ to develop technology. (2012年中考预测)
A. education
B. excitement
C. agreement
D. invention
()9. --Would you like some __________? --Yes, please. Only a little.
A. apples
B. pineapples
C. oranges
D. orange
()10. Having afternoon tea is an English _________. (2011年大连)
A.activity
B. tradition
C. menu
D.thing
()11. It's so crowded here. Let's make some ________ for the baby. (2011年盘锦)
A.ground
B.room
C.seats
D.chairs
()12. When we hurriedly got to the airport, the lady at the window told me that there were no _______ left on the plane. (2011年洛阳)
A. places
B. seats
C. space
D. Room ()13. Let's go to the ________ shop to find a bookshelf for you. (2011年徐州)
A. equipment
B. furniture
C. electrical
D. wood ()14. Bill has been ill. His illness is the ________ of eating unhealthy food.
A. cause
B. reason
C. result
D. end