GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE
国际组织机构名称中英文 3
世界组织机构名称中英对照ACC 行政协调会ACC/SCN 行政协调会营养小组会ACC/SOCA 行政协调会海洋和沿海地区小组会ACC/SWR 行政协调会水资源小组会ACMAD 非洲气象应用中心AsDB 亚银ADIE 环境信息协会AfDB 非银AIM 亚太模式AIT 亚洲技术所ALDA 拉美环境权利协会AMCEN 非洲环境会议AMU 马格里布联盟APCTT 技术转让中心APEC 亚太经合APELL 事故预防方案ASEAN 东盟CAMRE 环境部长理事会CARICOM 加共体秘书处CBD 生物公约CCAD 环发委员会CCD 荒漠化公约CD-ROM 光盘储存器CEDARE 环发中心CEPREDENAC 中美洲防灾中心CESTT 环技转让中心CGIAR 农研顾问组CIDA 加开发署CIEL 环境法中心CILSS 萨赫勒抗旱委员会CIP 项目中心CIS 独联体CITIS 濒危物种贸易公约CMS 养护移栖物种公约COE 欧洲委员会COMESA 东南非共同市场CPA 议会协会CSD 可持续发展委员会DANIDA 丹麦开发署DESA 经社部DHA 人道部DPDL 环境政策和法律司EAP.AP 环评方案－亚太ECA 非洲经委会ECCAS 中非共同体ECE 欧洲经委会ECG 生态养护组ECLAC 拉加经委会ECNC 欧洲自然养护中心ECOLEX 联合环境法信息处ECOWAS 西非经共体EEA 欧洲环境署ESA 欧空局ESCAP 亚太经社会ESCWA 西亚经社会ESRI 环境系统研究所EU 欧盟EU/TACIS 独联体工作队FAO 粮农组织FIDIC 菲迪克GCC 海湾合作会GEC 环境中心GEF 全球环境基金GEO 环境展望GIWA 水域评估GLOBE 环境均衡组织GNET 环技网GPA 保护海洋行动纲领GRID 资源数据库HSF 汉斯基金会ICAM 沿海综管ICC 国际商会IACCA 气候议程委员会IADB 美银IAEA 原子能机构ICETT 环技转让中心ICLEI 环境倡议理事会ICPDR 保护多瑙河委员会ICRAF 农林中心ICRI 珊瑚礁倡议ICSU 科理会ICSU/SCOPE 科理会/环境科委会ICTSD 贸易和发展中心IDRC 发研中心IETC 环境技术中心IFAD 农发基金IFF 森林论坛IFPRI 粮食政策所IGAD 发展局IHP 水文方案IISD 可持续发展所ILEC 湖泊环境委员会ILO 劳工组织IMA 海事所IMA-SIDS 印度洋地中海大西洋小岛国IMI 气象所IMO 海事组织IOC 海洋学委会IOC 国际奥委会IOMC 化学品管理方案IPCC 气候小组IPCS 化学品安全方案IPGRI 植物遗传所IPU 议会联盟ISDR 国际减灾战略ISRIC 土壤资料中心ITFF 森林工作队IUCN 世界保护联盟IULA 地方当局联合会JICA 日本国际协力事业团JRC 联合研究中心LCBC 乍得湖委员会MaESTro 无害环境技术信息系统MMAP 海洋哺乳动物行动计划NASA 美国航天局NATO 北大西洋公约组织NCSD 国家可持续发展理事会NEASPEC 东北亚环境合作方案NOAA 海洋大气局NORAD 瑞典开发署NOWPAP 西北太平洋行动计划OAS 美洲国家组织OAU 非统组织OCHA 人道协调厅OECD 经合组织OECS 东加勒比组织OHCHR 人权专员办事处OSCE 欧安组织OSPAR 东北大西洋环境公约PAHO 泛美卫生组织PANA 泛非新闻社PEBLDS 生物和景观多样性战略PERSGA 保护红海和亚丁湾组织PGA 议员全球行动联盟PIC 知情同意POPs 持久污染物RAMSAR 拉姆萨尔公约REC 中欧和东欧环境中心RIET 区域环境技术所ROE 欧洲办事处ROLAC 拉加办事处ROPME 保护海洋环境区域组织SACEP 南亚环境方案SADC 南部非洲共同体SAFORGEN 撒南非洲森林遗传资源网SCOPE 环境问题科学委员会SCP 可持续城市方案SIDS 小岛屿发展中国家SOPAC 南太地科委SPREP 南太平洋环境方案UCCEE 能源和环境合作中心UNCHS 人居中心UNCRD 区域发展中心UNCTAD 贸发会议UNDCP 药物管制署UNDP 开发署UNDPI 新闻部UNEP 环境署UNESCO 教科文组织UNESCO/IHP 教科文组织/水文方案UNESCO/IOC 教科文组织/海洋学委会UNESCO/ROSTA 教科文组织/非洲科技办事处UN联合国UNF 联合国基金会UNFCCC 气候变化公约UNFF 森林论坛UNFIP 伙伴基金UNFPA 人口基金UNHCR 难民专员办事处UNIC 新闻中心UNICEF 儿童基金会UNICPO 海洋事务非正式协商进程UNIDO 工发组织UNIFEM 妇发基金UNITAR 训研所UNNGLS 非政府组织联络处UNOG 日内瓦办事处UNON 内罗毕办事处UNOPS 项目厅UNSO 防治荒旱处UNU 联合国大学US-EPA 美国环保局USGS 美国地质调查WBCSD 促发世商会WCIRP 气候影响和对应战略方案WCO 海关组织WHO 世界卫生组织WIPO 知识产权组织WMO 气象组织WRI 资源所WTO 世贸组织WWC 水事理事会WWF 世界大自然基金Administrative Committee on Coordination 行政协调委员会ACC Subcommittee on Nutrition 行政协调委员会营养问题小组委员会ACC Subcommittee on Oceans and Coastal Areas 行政协调委员会海洋和沿海地区小组委员会ACC Subcommittee on Water Resources 行政协调委员会水资源问题小组委员会African Centre of Meteorological Applications for Development 非洲气象应用促进发展中心Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行Association for Development of Environmental Information 开发环境信息协会African Development Bank 非洲开发银行Asia Pacific Integrated Model 亚洲及平洋综合模式Asian Institute of Technology 亚洲技术研究所AsociaciónLatinamericanade Derecho Ambiental 拉丁美洲环境权利协会African Ministerial Conference on the Environment 非洲部长级环境会议Arab Maghreb Union 阿拉伯马格里布联盟Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology 亚洲及太平洋技术转让中心Asia and Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚洲及太平洋经济合作Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level 地方一级事故宣传和预防方案Association of South-East Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟Council of Arab Ministers Responsible for Environment 阿拉伯国家主管环境事务部长理事会Caribbean Community secretariat 加勒比共同体秘书处Convention on Biological Diversity 生物多样性公约Central American Commission on Environment and Development 中美洲环境和发展委员会Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and Desertification, particularly in Africa 联合国关于在发生严重干旱和/或荒漠化的国家、特别是在非洲防治荒漠化公约Compact disk read-only memory 只读光盘储存器Centre for Environment and Development in the Arab Region and Europe 阿拉伯区域和欧洲环境与发展中心Coordination Centre for the Prevention of Natural Disasters in Central America 中美洲预防自然灾害协调中心Centre for Environmentally Sound Technology Transfer 无害环境技术转让中心Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research 国际农业研究顾问组Canadian International Development Agency 加拿大国际开发署Centre for International Environmental Law 国际环境法中心Permanent Inter-State Committee on Drought Control in the Sahel 萨赫勒国家间抗旱常设委员会Center for International Projects, Moscow 莫斯科国际项目中心Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals 养护野生动物移栖物种公约Council of Europe 欧洲委员会Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa 东非和南部非洲共同市场Commonwealth Parliamentary Association 英联邦议会协会Commission on sustainable Development 可持续发展委员会Danish International Development Agency 丹麦国际开发署Department of Economic and Social Affairs 经济和社会事务部Department for Humanitarian Affairs of the United Nations 联合国人道主义事务部Division of Environmental Policy Development and Law (UNEP) (环境署)环境政策拟订和法律司Environment Assessment Programme – Asia Pacific 环境评估方案－亚洲及太平洋Economic Commission for Africa (of the United Nations) (联合国)非洲经济委员会Economic Community of Central African States 中非国家经济共同体Economic Commission for Europe (of the United Nations) (联合国)欧洲经济委员会Ecosystem Conservation Group 生态系统养护小组Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (of the United Nations) (联合国)拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会European Centre for Nature Conservation 欧洲自然养护中心IUCN/UNEP/FAO Joint Environmental Law Information Service 自然保护联盟/环境署/粮农组织联合环境法信息处Economic Community of West African States 西非国家经济共同体European Environment Agency 欧洲环境署European Space Agency 欧洲航天局Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (of the United Nations) （联合国）亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会Economic and Social Commission for West Asia 西亚经济社会委员会Environmental Systems Research Institute 环境系统研究所European Union 欧洲联盟Task Force for Commonwealth of Independent States of the European Union 欧洲联盟独立国家联合体问题工作队Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 联合国粮食及农业组织International Federation of Consulting Engineers 国际顾问工程师联合会Gulf Cooperation Council 海湾合作委员会Global Environment Centre 全球环境中心Global Environment Facility 全球环境基金Global Environment Outlook 全球环境展望Global International Waters Assessment 全球国际水域评估Global Legislative Organization for a Balanced Environment 全球促进环境均衡立法组织Global Network of Environment and Technology 全球环境和技术网络Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment fromLand-based Activities 保护海洋环境免受陆地活动影响全球行动纲领Global Resource Information Database 全球资源信息数据库Hans Seidel Foundation 汉斯赛伊德尔基金会Integrated Coastal Area Management 沿海地区综合管理International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会Inter-agency Committee on the Climate Agenda 机构间气候议程委员会Inter-American Development Bank 美洲开发银行International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能机构International Center for Environmental Technology Transfer 国际环境技术转让中心International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives 国际地方环境倡议理事会International Committee for the Protection of the Danube River 国际保护多瑙河委员会International Centre for Research in Agroforestry 国际农林研究中心International Coral Reef Initiative 国际珊瑚礁倡议International Council for Science 国际科学理事会Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment of ICSU 科理会的环境问题科学委员会International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development 国际贸易和可持续发展中心International Development Research Centre 国际发展研究中心International Environmental Technology Centre 国际环境技术中心International Fund for Agricultural Development 国际农业发展基金Intergovernmental Forum on Forests 政府间森林问题论坛International Food Policy Research Institute 国际粮食政策研究所Inter-Governmental Authority on Development 政府间发展管理局UNESCO International Hydrological Programme 教科文组织国际水文方案International Institute for Sustainable Development 国际可持续发展研究所International Lake Environment Committee 国际湖泊环境委员会International Labour Organization 国际劳工组织Institute for Marine Affairs 海事研究所Small island developing States in the Indian Ocean, Mediteranean and Atlantic regions 印度洋地中海和大西洋小岛屿发展中国家International Meteorological Institute 国际气象研究所International Maritime Organization 国际海事组织Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission 政府间海洋学委员会International Olympic Committee 国际奥林匹克委员会Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals 组织间化学品合理管理方案Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 政府间气候变化问题小组International Programme on Chemical Safety 国际化学品安全方案International Plant Genetic Resources Institute 国际植物遗传资源研究所Inter-Parliamentary Union 各国议会联盟International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, a United Nations programme proposed by the United Nations Secretary-General to carry out the Economic and Social Council decision on successor arrangements for the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction 国际减灾战略，联合国秘书长提出的一个联合国方案，旨在执行经济及社会理事会关于作好接替国际减少自然灾害十年的后续安排的决定International Soil Reference and Information Centre 国际土壤参考资料中心Inter-agency Task Force on Forests 机构间森林工作队World Conservation Union 世界保护联盟International Union of Local Authorities 国际地方当局联合会Japan International Cooperation Agency 日本国际协力事业团Joint Research Centre of the European Communities 欧洲共同体联合研究中心Lake Chad Basin Commission 乍得湖流域委员会Environmentally Sound Technologies information system 无害环境技术信息系统Marine Mammal Action Plan 海洋哺乳动物行动计划National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USA 美国国家航空和宇宙航行局National Commission for Sustainable Development 国家可持续发展理事会North-East Asian subregional Programme of Environmental Cooperation 东北亚分区域环境合作方案National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA 美国国家海洋和大气局Norwegian Agency for International Development 瑞典国际开发署Northwest Pacific Action Plan 西北太平洋行动计划Organization of American States 美洲国家组织Organization of African Unity 非洲统一组织Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 人道主义事务协调厅Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States 东加勒比国家组织Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights 联合国人权事务高级专员办事处Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe 欧洲安全与合作组织Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR Convention) 保护东北大西洋海洋环境公约Pan American Health Organization 泛美卫生组织Pan African News Agency 泛非新闻社Pan-European Biological and Landscape Diversity Strategy 泛欧生物和景观多样性战略Regional Organization for the Conservation of the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden 保护红海和亚丁湾环境区域组织Parliamentarians for Global Action 议员全球行动联盟Prio Informed Consent 事先知情同意Persistant Organic Pollutants 持久性有机污染物International Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention) 关于具有国际重要性、特别是作为水禽生境的湿地的国际公约(拉姆萨尔公约)The Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe (Budapest) 中欧和东欧区域环境中心（布达佩斯）Regional Institute of Environmental Technology 区域环境技术研究所Regional Office for Europe 欧洲区域办事处UNEP Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean 环境署拉丁美洲及加勒比区域办事处Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment 保护海洋环境区域组织South Asia Cooperative Environment Programme 南亚环境合作方案Southern African Development Community 南部非洲发展共同体Sub-Saharan Africa Forest Genetic Resources Network 撒哈拉以南非洲地区森林遗传资源网Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment of the International Council of Scientific Unions 国际科学联合会理事会的环境问题科学委员会Sustainable Cities Programme 可持续城市方案Small Island Developing States 小岛屿发展中国家South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission 南太平洋应用地球科学委员会South Pacific Regional Environment Programme 南太平洋区域环境方案UNEP Collaborating Centre on Energy and the Environment 环境署能源和环境合作中心United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat) 联合国人类住区(人居)中心United Nations Centre for Regional Development 联合国区域发展中心United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易和发展会议United Nations International Drug Control Programme 联合国国际药物管制规划署United Nations Development Programme 联合国开发计划署United Nations Department of Public Information 联合国新闻部United Nations Environment Programme 联合国环境规划署United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation 联合国教育、科学及文化组织International Hydrological Progamme of UNESCO 教科文组织国际水文方案Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO 教科文组织国际海洋学委员会Regional Office for Science and Technology in Africa of UNESCO 教科文组织非洲科学技术区域办事处United Nations Foundation 联合国基金会United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 联合国气候变化框架公约United Nations Forum on Forests 联合国森林论坛United Nations Fund for International Partnerships 联合国国际伙伴关系基金United Nations Population Fund 联合国人口基金Office of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees 联合国难民事务高级专员办事处United Nations Information Centre 联合国新闻中心United Nations Children’s Fund联合国儿童基金会United Nations open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Ocean Affairs 联合国海洋事务不限成员名额非正式协商进程United Nations Industrial Development Organization 联合国工业发展组织United Nations Development Fund for Women 联合国妇女发展基金United Nations Institute for Training and Research 联合国训练研究所United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service 联合国非政府组织联络事务处United Nations Office at Geneva 联合国日内瓦办事处United Nations Office at Nairobi 联合国内罗毕办事处United Nations Office for Project Services 联合国项目事务厅UNDP Office to Combat Desertification and Drought (formerly the United Nations Sudano-Sahelian Office) 防治荒漠化和干旱办事处(前联合国苏丹-萨赫勒办事处) United Nations University 联合国大学United States Environmental Protection Agency 美国环境保护局United States Geological Survey 美国地质调查World Business Council for Sustainable Development 促进可持续发展世界商业理事会World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies Programme 世界气候影响评估和对应战略方案World Customs Organization 世界海关组织World Health Organization 世界卫生组织World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组织World Meteorological Organization 世界气象组织World Resources Institute 世界资源所World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织World Water Council 世界水事理事会Worldwide Fund for Nature 世界大自然基金联合国机构名称中英对照International Court of Justice 国际法院Security Council 安全理事会General Assembly 联合国大会Secretariat 秘书处Office of the Secretary General 秘书长办公室Office of Legal Affairs 法务局Department of Political and Security Council Affairs 政治安全局Department of Economic and Social Affairs 经济社会局Office of Public Information 公共资料处Department of Conference Services 会议局Office of General Services 总务处United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Secretariat 联合国贸易开发事物局Unite Nations Industrial Development Organization 联合国工业开发机构United Nations Administrative Tribunal 联合国行政裁判所International Law Commission 国际法委员会United Nations Commission on International Trade Law 国际贸易法委员会Committee on the peaceful Uses of the Seabed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction 公海海底海床和平利用特别委员会Enlarged Committee for Program and Coordination, ECPC 扩大计划调整委员会Economic and Social Council 经济社会理事会Statistical Commission 统计委员会Population Commission 人口委员会Commission for Social Development 社会开发委员会Commission on Human Rights 人权委员会Commission on the Status of Women 妇女地位委员会Commission on Narcotic Drugs 麻醉药委员会Council Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations 民间机构委员会Committee on Housing, Building and Planning 住宅建筑企划委员会Committee for Development Planning 开发计划委员会Special Committee on Peace-Keeping Operations 维护和平活动特别委员会United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易开发会议Trade and Development Board, TDB 联合国开发委员会United Nations Development Program, UNDP 联合国开发计划处United Nations Children's Fund, UNICEF 联合国儿童基金会United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业开发组织United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金会United Nations Institute for Training and Research, UNITR 联合国调查训练研究所United Nations FAO Intergovernmental Committee of the World Food Program 联合国FAO世界粮食计划国际委员会International Narcotics Control Board, INCB 国际麻醉药管制委员会Trusteeship Council 信托投资理事会International Labor Organization, ILO 国际劳工组织Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO 联合国粮食农业组织United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO 联合国教育科学文化组织International Civil Aviation Organization, ICAO 国际民间航空组织World Health Organization, WHO 世界卫生组织International Telecommunications Union, ITU 国际电信同盟World Meteorological Organization, WMO 世界气象组织Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟International Maritime Consultative Organization, IMCO 国际海事协议组织International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融组织International Monetary Fund, IMF 国际货币基金会International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, IBRD 世界银行International Development Association, IDA 国际开发协会General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, GATT 有关关税贸易一般规定International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA 国际原子能组织World Federation of Trade Unions, WFTU 世界劳工组织International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, ICFTU 国际自由劳工联盟International Chamber of Commerce, ICC 国际工农商会International Federation of Agricultural Producers, IFAC 国际农业生产联盟Inter-Parliamentary Union, IPU 诸国会议同盟International Organization of Employers, IOE 国际雇佣者组织World Veterans Federation, WVF 世界退伍军人联盟International Union of Local Authorities, IULA 世界地方自治联盟United Towns Organization, UTO 姊妹市团体联盟中国共产党，其他政党及政协相关机构英文翻译中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC中国共产党代表大会CPC’s National Congress中央组织部Organization Department, CCCPC中央宣传部Publicity Department, CCCPC中央统一战线部United Front Work Department, CCCPC中央对外联络部International Liaison Department, CCCPC中央政法委员会Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs, CCCPC中央政策研究室Policy Research Office, CCCPC中央直属机关工作委员会Work Committee for Offices Directly under the CCCPC中央国家机关工作委员会State Organs Work Committee of the CPC中央台湾工作委员会Taiwan Affairs Office, CCCPC中央对外宣传办公室International Communication Office, CCCPC中央党校Party School of the CPC中央党史研究室Party History Research Centre, CCCPC中央文献研究室Party Literature Research Centre, CCCPC中央翻译局Compilation and Translation Bureau, CCCPC中央外文出版发行事业局China Foreign Languages Publishing and Distribution Administration中央档案馆Archives Bureau, CCCPC中国人民政治协商会议及其机构The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and Its Structure中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC NationalCommittee专门委员会Special Committee提案委员会Committee for Handling Proposals经济委员会Committee for Economic Affairs人口资源环境委员会Committee of Population, Resources and Environment教科文卫体委员会Committee of Education, Science, Culture, Health and Sports社会和法制委员会Committee for Social and Legal Affairs民族和宗教委员会Committee for Ethnic and Religious Affairs文史资料委员会Committee of Cultural and Historical Data港澳台侨委员会Committee for Liaison with Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Overseas Chinese外事委员会Committee of Foreign Affairs中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees中国政党Chinese Parties中国共产党(中共) Communist Party of China (CPC)中国国民党革命委员会(民革) Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang中国民主同盟(民盟) Chinese Democratic League中国民主建国会(民建) China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang九三学社Jiu San Society台湾民主自治同盟(台盟) Taiwan Democratic SelfGovernment League1) 政府官方机构包括中央政府部门与各级地方政府部门。
in search of Davos Man课文翻译
In Search of Davos ManIntroductionThe concept of “Davos Man” originated from the World Economic Forum (WEF) held annually in the Swiss ski resort town of Davos. It refers to the global elite - influential individuals who gather at the event to discuss and shape global economic policies. In this article, we will explore the characteristics, impact, and criticisms associated with Davos Man.Characteristics of Davos ManDavos Man is characterized by several distinct features:1.Wealth and Power–Davos Man is typically a member of the global elite,possessing tremendous wealth and wielding immense power invarious domains.–These individuals include corporate leaders, politicians, philanthropists, and influential thinkers. They often shapeeconomic policies that affect nations and societiesworldwide.2.Global Outlook–Davos Man has a strong global orientation, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the world and the need forinternational collaboration.–They advocate for open trade, globalization, and economic integration, believing that these factors drive globalprosperity.3.Technological Savvy–Davos Man recognizes the transformative power of technology and the Fourth Industrial Revolution.–They embrace innovation and digitalization, promotingpolicies that harness technological advancements foreconomic growth and societal development.mitment to Social Causes–Many Davos Man participants are engaged in philanthropy and social endeavors.–Initiatives related to climate change, poverty alleviation, access to healthcare and education, and gender equality areoften discussed and supported by this group.Impact of Davos ManThe influence of Davos Man extends beyond the World Economic Forum. Their impact can be seen in various aspects:1.Economic Policy–Davos Man has significant influence on global economic policies adopted by governments and internationalorganizations.–Their advocacy for free trade, deregulation, andliberalization has shaped the economic landscape of manynations.2.Global Governance–Davos Man plays a crucial role in shaping global governance structures.–They participate in forums like the G7, G20, and United Nations, contributing to discussions on issues such asclimate change, poverty eradication, and sustainabledevelopment.3.Business Practices–Davos Man’s emphasis on corporate social responsibility has driven changes in business practices.–Many corporations now prioritize environmentalsustainability, ethical sourcing, and inclusive workplacepolicies due to the influence of this global elite.4.Social Impact–Davos Man’s involvement in philanthropic effort s hascontributed to social change initiatives worldwide.–Through charitable foundations and collaborations, they have made substantial contributions to education, healthcare, andpoverty reduction.Criticisms of Davos ManDespite their influence, Davos Man is not exempt from criticism. Some common critiques include:1.Elitism–Critics argue that Davos Man represents a disconnected elite who are detached from the realities faced by ordinary people.–They claim that the discussions and decisions made by this group predominantly benefit the wealthy, perpetuating socialand economic inequality.ck of Diversity–The composition of Davos Man often lacks diversity, both in terms of gender and representation from developing nations.–Critics argue that a broader range of perspectives isnecessary to address global challenges effectively.3.Ineffectiveness of Policies–Despite their influence, skeptics question the actual impact of Davos Man’s policies on addressing pressing globalissues.–They argue that a narrow focus on market-driven solutions may not adequately address complex problems like climatechange or income inequality.ck of Accountability–Some argue that Davos Man operates without sufficientaccountability, as decisions made at the Forum are notsubject to democratic processes or public scrutiny.–Critics point out that the concentration of power in the hands of a select few can lead to decisions that prioritizetheir own interests over the common good.ConclusionThe concept of Davos Man represents a global elite that holdssubstantial power and influence over economic policies and global governance. While they have made significant contributions to philanthropy and social causes, criticisms regarding elitism, lack of diversity, policy effectiveness, and accountability persist. Understanding the characteristics and impact of Davos Man is crucial forreflecting on the dynamics of power and shaping a more inclusive and equitable global economy.。
中国应对能源危机的对策英语作文
中国应对能源危机的对策英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Facing the global energy crisis, China is striving to find effective strategies to deal with the challenges and ensure a sustainable energy future. In this essay, I will discuss some of the key measures that China can take to address the energy crisis.First and foremost, China should focus on increasing the development and utilization of renewable energy sources. These include solar, wind, hydro, and biomass energy. By investing more in these renewable sources, China can reduce its reliance on traditional fossil fuels such as coal and oil, which are not only limited in supply but also harmful to the environment. In recent years, China has made significant progress in promoting renewable energy, with the country now being one of the world's leading producers of solar panels and wind turbines. However, more needs to be done to ensure that renewable energy plays a more significant role in China's energy mix.Secondly, China should continue to improve energy efficiency in all sectors of the economy. By implementingenergy-saving technologies and practices, China can reduce its overall energy consumption and lessen the pressure on energy resources. This includes upgrading infrastructure, promoting energy-efficient appliances, and encouraging industries to adopt cleaner and more efficient production methods. Improving energy efficiency not only reduces energy consumption but also lowers greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to China's efforts to combat climate change.Furthermore, China should enhance its energy security by diversifying its energy sources and supply routes. By reducing its dependence on a single energy supplier or type of fuel, China can better withstand disruptions in the global energy market and geopolitical tensions. This can be achieved by increasing domestic energy production, expanding imports of different types of energy, and investing in energy storage and transmission infrastructure. By diversifying its energy sources, China can better ensure a stable and reliable energy supply for its growing economy.In addition, China should promote international cooperation on energy issues. Energy is a global challenge that requires collective action, and China can play a leading role in promoting dialogue and collaboration among countries. This includessharing technology and expertise, coordinating energy policies, and jointly developing renewable energy projects. By working together with other countries, China can address common energy challenges more effectively and contribute to a more secure and sustainable energy future for all.In conclusion, China has made significant progress in addressing the energy crisis, but more needs to be done to ensure a sustainable energy future. By focusing on renewable energy development, improving energy efficiency, enhancing energy security, and promoting international cooperation, China can better cope with the challenges posed by the energy crisis and contribute to a more sustainable and secure energy future for the world.篇2China's Response to Energy CrisisIntroductionAs the world's largest energy consumer, China faces numerous challenges in tackling the increasing energy demand while balancing environmental concerns and energy security. With the growing pressure of energy scarcity, pollution, and climate change, China needs to implement effective strategies toensure sustainable development. This essay will explore China's response to the energy crisis and propose some potential solutions.Current Energy Situation in ChinaChina's rapid economic growth has led to a surge in energy consumption, primarily driven by the industrial sector. The country heavily relies on coal, which accounts for over 60% of its energy mix, resulting in severe air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, China's dependence on fossil fuels raises concerns about energy security, as the country heavily relies on imports to meet its energy demands.China's Response to the Energy CrisisTo address the energy crisis, China has adopted a multipronged approach that focuses on increasing energy efficiency, promoting renewable energy sources, and enhancing energy security.1. Improving Energy EfficiencyChina has implemented various measures to improve energy efficiency across different sectors, including industries, transportation, and buildings. The government has set energy intensity reduction targets and implemented energy-savingstandards for appliances, vehicles, and buildings. Moreover, China has invested in advanced technologies and smart grids to optimize energy use and reduce wastage.2. Promoting Renewable EnergyChina has made significant investments in renewable energy, particularly in wind, solar, and hydroelectric power. The government has set ambitious targets for renewable energy capacity expansion and implemented subsidies and incentives to support the development of clean energy sources. China has become a global leader in renewable energy deployment, with a significant increase in the share of renewables in its energy mix.3. Enhancing Energy SecurityChina has taken steps to enhance energy security by diversifying its energy sources and reducing reliance on imported fuels. The country has invested in domestic oil and gas exploration and development, as well as strategic partnerships with energy-rich countries to secure its energy supply. Moreover, China has expanded its energy storage capacity and developed emergency response mechanisms to mitigate the risk of energy supply disruptions.Proposed Solutions for China's Energy CrisisWhile China has made significant progress in addressing the energy crisis, more efforts are needed to ensure sustainable energy development. Some potential solutions include:1. Accelerating the Transition to Clean EnergyChina should continue to shift towards clean energy sources and reduce its reliance on coal and other fossil fuels. The government should increase investment in renewables, improve grid infrastructure, and implement policies to promote energy conservation and efficiency.2. Enhancing Energy Governance and RegulationChina needs to strengthen its energy governance and regulation to ensure effective implementation of energy policies. The government should enhance transparency, accountability, and stakeholder engagement in energy decision-making and address regulatory gaps to create a level playing field for energy market participants.3. Fostering Innovation and Technology DevelopmentChina should invest in research and development to drive technological innovation in the energy sector. The government should support the commercialization of advanced energy technologies, such as energy storage, smart grids, and carboncapture and storage, to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy.ConclusionChina's response to the energy crisis is crucial for achieving sustainable development and addressing global environmental challenges. By improving energy efficiency, promoting renewable energy, and enhancing energy security, China can build a cleaner, more resilient energy system for the future. Through continued efforts and cooperation with international partners, China can lead the way towards a more sustainable and secure energy future.篇3With the rapid development of the economy, China has been facing a severe energy crisis in recent years. The traditional energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas are not only limited but also causing serious environmental pollution. In order to address this challenge and ensure sustainable development, China has been implementing a series of measures to respond to the energy crisis.Firstly, China has been actively promoting the development of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, andhydropower. By investing in renewable energy projects, China aims to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate the environmental impact of energy consumption. In recent years, the government has set ambitious targets for the expansion of renewable energy capacity, which has resulted in a significant increase in the share of renewable energy in the total energy mix.Secondly, China has been focusing on improving energy efficiency and promoting energy conservation. Through the implementation of energy-saving measures in sectors such as industry, transportation, and construction, China has been able to significantly reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. Initiatives such as the promotion of energy-efficient appliances, the development of energy-saving technologies, and the establishment of energy-efficient building standards have all contributed to the improvement of energy efficiency in China.Furthermore, China has been investing in the development of clean energy technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) and nuclear power. By developing these technologies, China aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and diversify its energy sources. The government has been providing incentives and support for the research and development of clean energytechnologies, which has led to significant advancements in this field.In addition to these measures, China has also been promoting international cooperation on energy issues. By participating in global initiatives such as the Paris Agreement and collaborating with other countries on clean energy projects, China is working towards a more sustainable and secure energy future. Through these efforts, China hopes to not only address its own energy challenges but also contribute to the global fight against climate change.In conclusion, China is taking proactive steps to address its energy crisis and transition towards a more sustainable energy system. By promoting renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, investing in clean energy technologies, and enhancing international cooperation, China is moving towards a more secure and environmentally friendly energy future. With continued commitment and effort, China can overcome its energy challenges and pave the way for a more sustainable and prosperous future.。
推进我国生态环境治理体系现代化的几点思考
环境保护与循环经济推进我国生态环境治理体系现代化的几点思考王锐（湖南师范大学，湖南长沙410081）摘要：当前我国生态环境治理成效显著，生态环境治理体系建设也取得良好的效果,但我国生态环境治理体系现代化在立法、执法和司法方面面临着生态环境治理法律体系仍需完善、生态环境多元协商治理模式急需完备、环境司法审判机制有待健全等挑战。
结合我国实际情况，给出完善生态环境治理法律体系、构建多元协商共治的生态环境治理模式、健全环境司法审判机制等建议。
关键词：生态环境;治理体系现代化；生态环境立法;协商共治；环境司法审判Abstract:At present,China's ecological environmental governance has achieved remarkable results,and the construction of ecological environmental governance system has also achieved good results.However,the modernization of China's ecological environmental governance system is faced with such challenges as the imperfect legal system of ecological environmental governance,the imperfect multi—consultation governance model of ecological environment,and the imperfect judicial mechanism of environmental justice in the aspects of legislation,law enforcement and justice.Therefore,according to the actual situation of our country,reasonable suggestions are put forward to improve the legal system of ecological environmental governance,construct the ecological environmental governance model through multiple consultation and co-governance,and improve the environmental judicial trial mechanism.Key words:ecological environment;modernization of governance system;ecological environment legislation; consultation and co-governance;environmental justice中图分类号：X171.1文献标识码:A文章编号:1674-1021(2021)04-0004-051引言生态文明建设是关系人民福祉、关乎民族未来的长远大计。
口译词汇----环境能源
Energy and Environmental protection1.sustainable development 可持续发展2.white pollution白色污染3.acid rain酸雨4.carbon dioxide 二氧化碳5.greenhouse effect温室效应6.nature reserve 自然保护区7.World Environment Day世界环境日8.United Nations Conference on Environment andDevelopment (UNCED) 联合国环境与发展大会9.United Nations Environment Programs (UNEP) 联合国环境规划署10.State Environmental Protection Administration 国家环境保护总局11.protect and improve the living environment 保护和改善生活和生态环境12.environmental degradation 环境恶化13.motor vehicle exhaust 汽车尾气排放14.popularize environmental protection knowledge 普及环保知识15.enhance the awareness of the importance ofenvironmental protection 增强环保意识16.improve the eco-construction 加强生态建设17.prevent and control pollution 防治污染18.reinforce the conservation of water and soil 加强水土保持19.ecological balance 生态平衡20.slow down the pace of global warming 减缓全球变暖速度21.tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion 治理沙地和水土流失问题22.protect rare wild animals and plants 加强珍惜野生动植物保护工作23.pursue a green life 崇尚绿色生活方式24.apply new exploitation methods 采用新开采方式25.decrease the disposal of pollutants 消减污物排放26.recycle paper 再生纸27.slow down the rate of resource degradation 降低资源消耗率28.develop renewable resources 开发可再生资源29.deteriorate 恶化30.environmental-friendly 环保的31.emission 排放32.sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫33.economization 节约34.to raise energy utilization efficiency 提高能源利用率35.water logging 涝灾36.afforestation 植树造林37.the Three Norths Shelterbelt Project “三北”防护林工程38.bio-diversity 生物多样性39.vegetation 植被40.fossil energy 化石能源41.research and extension institution 科研推广单位42.immediate interest眼前利益43.long-term interest 长远利益44.root cause 根本原因45.prerequisite 前提46.ozone layer depletion 臭氧层损耗47.to lumber 采伐48.river section 河段49.supporting policies 配套政策50.domestic water supply 生活用水51.whoever causes pollution must remedy it谁污染，谁治理52.tighten up environmental management强化环境管理53.excessive consumption of natural resources 过渡消耗自然资源54.to prevent and control pollution and other public hazards防止污染和其他公害55.massive discharge of pollutants 大量排放污染物56.ecological balance 生态平衡57.endangered species 濒危物种58.environmental science 环境科学59.atmosphere pollution 大气污染60.dust pollution 粉尘污染61.dust storm 沙尘暴62.pesticide residue 农药残留63.pollution-free 无污染64.sewage treatment 污水处理65.garbage recycling 垃圾再循环66.biodegradable vegetation可生物降解的物质67.deforestation 森林砍伐68.windbreak 防护林。
联合国生态保护发言稿英文
联合国生态保护发言稿英文Honorable delegates, esteemed guests, and fellow colleagues,I stand before you today with a sense of urgency and purpose, as we gather to address one of the most critical issues facing our planet: the protection and preservation of our environment. The United Nations has long been at the forefront of advocating for sustainable development, and it is now more important than ever that we come together to take decisive action to safeguard our planet for future generations.The sheer scale of the environmental challenges we face is staggering. Climate change, deforestation, air and water pollution, loss of biodiversity, and the depletion of natural resources are just some of the pressing issues that demand our attention. The consequences of inaction are severe and far-reaching, affecting not only the natural world but also human health, social stability, and economic prosperity.It is clear that the time for complacency has passed. We must confront these challenges head-on and take bold steps to protect the environment, promote sustainable practices, and mitigate the harmful effects of human activity. This will require concerted efforts from governments, businesses, non-governmental organizations, and individuals alike. We must work collaboratively and holistically to address the root causes of environmental degradation and to implement solutions that are both effective and equitable.One of the key areas in which the United Nations can play aleading role is in setting and enforcing international environmental standards. By establishing clear guidelines and regulations for protecting the environment, we can ensure that all nations adhere to the highest standards of environmental stewardship. This will help to level the playing field and preve nt the “race to the bottom” that can occur when countries prioritize short-term economic gain over long-term environmental sustainability.In addition to setting standards, the United Nations can also facilitate international cooperation and coordination on environmental issues. Many environmental challenges transcend national borders, and therefore require a global approach. By fostering dialogue and collaboration among nations, the UN can help to galvanize collective action and promote the sharing of best practices and expertise.Another critical role for the United Nations is in providing support and resources to countries that lack the capacity to address environmental challenges on their own. This may include technical assistance, financial aid, and capacity-building initiatives to help countries develop and implement sustainable environmental policies and practices. By assisting these nations, the UN can help to ensure that no country is left behind in the global effort to protect the environment.At the same time, it is important that we recognize the central role that businesses and industry play in shaping the future of our planet. Many of the environmental challenges we face are driven by the activities of large corporations, which have the power to influence policy, consume vast amounts of resources, and generatesignificant levels of pollution. It is therefore essential that we engage with the private sector and encourage them to adopt environmentally responsible practices, invest in sustainable technologies, and take a long-term view of their impact on the environment.In this regard, the United Nations can help to facilitate partnerships between businesses, governments, and civil society to promote responsible environmental practices and encourage sustainable development. This may include initiatives such as the establishment of industry-wide standards, the promotion of corporate sustainability reporting, and the development of green financing mechanisms to incentivize sustainable investments.However, it is not only governments and businesses that have a role to play in protecting the environment. Individuals, too, can make a significant impact through their everyday choices and actions. Whether it is through reducing energy consumption, minimizing waste, supporting sustainable products, or advocating for environmental policies, each of us has the power to contribute to positive change. The UN can support and empower individuals to take action through awareness-raising campaigns, education programs, and grassroots initiatives.In conclusion, the protection of the environment requires a concerted and coordinated effort from all sectors of society. It is a challenge that demands our collective attention and commitment, and one that we cannot afford to ignore. The United Nations has a crucial role to play in facilitating global cooperation, setting international standards, providing support to countries in need,engaging with the private sector, and empowering individuals to take action. Together, we must rise to the challenge and work tirelessly to safeguard our planet for the benefit of current and future generations.Thank you.。
世界环境公约
"世界环境公约"〔草案〕全文| 中英文对照编者按：2021年5月10日联合国大会通过决议，正式开启了"世界环境公约"的谈判进程。
联合国官方发布的消息显示，该决议获得了143票支持，6票反对〔伊朗、菲律宾、俄罗斯联邦、叙利亚、土耳其、美国〕，6票弃权〔白俄罗斯、马来西亚、尼加拉瓜、尼日利亚、沙特阿拉伯、塔吉克斯坦〕。
作为中国领先的生态环保公益NGO〔非政府组织〕，中国绿发会一直在通过生物多样性和可持续开展领域的各个环节推动积极参与全球环境治理、应对环境与气候变化，并走在相关工作前沿。
包括倡导"生态‘一带一路’〞〔EBRs〕等，积极协助我国参与全球治理，参与游戏规则制定，推动将"人类命运共同体〞等写入"世界环境公约"等等。
现将"世界环境公约"〔草案〕2021年下半年的提交给联合国的草案版本分享如下，供有关专家学者研究参考。
值得一提的是，这个版本很可能不是当前经过各缔约方博弈后的版本；也还远非最终版本。
但我们相信，针对不同版本的开展脉络的研究仍然会非常有价值，因此平台发布。
这里要谈谈"世界环境公约"的起源和开展脉络。
据IU世界环境法委员会〔WCEL〕委员、中国绿发会秘书长周晋峰博士介绍，2021年7月，法国宪法委员会主席洛朗·法比尤斯〔Laurent Fabius〕和主要起草者•阿吉拉(Yann Aguila)进展了讨论，决定起草一个文件。
当时有多种不同的想法：包括一是建议制定"世界环境公约"，但是不提供草案；二是也提供草案。
在法语中这个草案叫做"劣势文本〞〔unte*te martyr〕，因为未来它主动将被不断质疑、挑战，要被各方不断修改、充实入新的容，以形成最终的文本。
权衡再三后，最终仍决定提供了这样一个草案。
周晋峰博士所在的IU世界环境法委员会〔WCEL〕深度参与了该草案有关进程。
SEA术语 1
SEA---战略环境评价OECD/DAC----联合发展委员会环境和发展合作联盟----ENVIRONETIAP---可持续发展的综合评价和规划WSSD----世界可持续发展峰会REC----中东欧区域环境中心ABE----- 贝宁环境署 ADB---- 亚洲开发银行AEE----- 环境影响评估 AfDB-----非洲开发银行ALARP------ 最低合理可接受水平 AMDAL----一种EIA分析方法ANSEA---- 战略环境评价分析 ASE-----战略环境分析BATNEEC---不需要消耗过多成本的最佳可行技术BET---商业效果测试 BMU----联邦德国环境部BMVWP----（德国）运输、建设和住房部门BNDES---国家开发银行 BPEO---最佳可行环境方案B-T生物多样性旅游 CAMP---流域管理与扶贫计划（DFID项目）CAP---国家补助计划 CAR---全面、充分、有代表性CAS—国家援助战略 CBA----成本效益分析CBD---生物多样性公约 CBO---社区组织CCA-共同国家评估 CCI---跨领域问题CCLIP---投资项目贷款条件 CEA---国家环境分析、评估CEAA---加拿大环境评价署累积环境平价CEC---欧洲共同体委员会 CEE----中东欧CENR----国家环保审查 CEP---赞比亚铜带环境项目ZAMSIF—赞比亚社会投资计划 ZCCM---赞比亚联合铜矿公司CEPEL----巴西电力能源研究中心 CEQ---美国环境质量委员会CGIAR---国际农业中心顾问组 CIDA---加拿大国际开发署CIT---转型国家 CITET----突尼斯国际环境技术中心CLEIAA---非洲EIA能力学习 CMA---流域管理机构CMS—流域管理战略 CONAMA---智利，国际环境委员会CONDES---莫桑比克，国家可持续发展委员会CONNEPP---咨询性的国家环保政策过程COSS---国家行动战略研究 CP----国家项目CPC---中国共产党 CPD---国家计划文件CPER S----国家-地方规划协议 CRA---区域综合评价CSP---国家战略规划 DAC---发展援助委员会（OECD）OECD—经济合作与发展组织 DANCED---丹麦开发署（目前属于丹麦国际开发署）DANIDA---丹麦国家开发署 DDA----多哈发展议程DEA---纳米比亚环境部 DEAP---地方环境行动计划DEAT---南非环境事务和旅游部 DEFRA-----英国环境、食品和农村事务部DETR—英国环境、运输和地区部门 DFAIT----加拿大外交和国际贸易部DFID---英国国际发展部 DGIS----- 荷兰外交部国际合作司DMC---（亚洲开发银行）发展中成员国 DMEE---丹麦能源与环境部D O E---英国环境部D O IR---澳大利亚工业和资源部DPL---发展政策贷款 DSS----决策支持系统DTI---英国工商部门 DWAF---南非水利和林业部EA----环境评价 EAC---英国环境审计委员会EAP—环境行动计划 EBRD---欧洲重建与开发银行EC(EU)---欧盟 E-C-E---经济与环境（规划）ECMT---欧洲交通部长会议 ECO ASIA---亚太环境会议ECON---挪威经济分析中心 ECZ---赞比亚环境委员会EEA---欧洲环境署 EER---能源与环境评价EIA3—环境、经济和公正影响评价 EIS---环境影响综述EMG---环境管理方针 EMP---环境管理规划/计划ENVIRONET-----环境与发展合作联盟 EO—环境审查EP----能源政策 EPA---加纳/美国环境保护署EPBC----环境保护和生物多样性保护 EP-CR---捷克能源政策EPIP----（对于拟建项目影响的）环境保护 ES---生态服务系统ESE---环境、社会和经济 ESFM----生态可持续林业管理ESMAP---(世界银行)能源部门管理援助计划ESW---经济和部门工作 E-test---环境测试ETOA---环境威胁与机会评价 EWI—生态系统健康指数FAO---联合国粮农组织 FCT----可行性和执行测试FEARO---加拿大联邦环境评价审查办公室FEDER---欧洲区域发展福利 FTIP—德国国家运输基础设施规划FY---财政年度 GEF---全球环境基金GEMP—总体环境管理计划 GEO—全球环境展望（项目）GJ---十亿焦耳 GM---环保部长GMA—游乐管理区 GMP---总体管理计划GMS---大湄公河次区域 GPRS---加纳扶贫战略GSA—美国总服务局 GWD----中国西部大开发战略HIA—健康影响评价 HWI---人类福利指数IA---综合评价 IAIA---国际影响评估协会IAP---综合评估和规划 IBRD---国际重建和发展银行ICARM---沿海地区和流域综合管理 ICCON---尼罗河国际合作联盟ICMP—综合廊道管理计划 IDP---综合发展计划IDPM—发展政策与管理研究所 IDZ---工业开发区IEA---综合生态系统评价 IEE---初步环境审查IEM—综合环境管理 IGBP---国际地圈、生物圈计划IHDP---国际全球环境变化人文因素计划 IIED—环境与发展研究所IMF---国际货币基金组织 INS----美国移民局IPA---综合政策评估 IPAT---综合计划及评价工具IPCC---政府间气候变化专门研究小组 IPP---独立发电站I-PRSP----扶贫战略临时文件 IPT S---土地利用规划ISPP---综合空间发展规划过程 ITA---综合贸易评估IUCN---世界保护联盟 JSA—联合评估人员LCA---生命周期分析 LDD—地方发展文件LDF---地方发展框架 LFA---逻辑框架分析LUP---土地利用规划 MA—千年生态系统评估--MAC—管理咨询委员会 MDB---多边开发银行MDG S---新千年发展目标 MDMA---南非钻石矿业协会MDP—城市发展规划 MECIE---环境投资协定METAP---地中海环境技术援助计划 MFA—外交部MMSD—采矿、矿物质和可持续发展项目 MNR---俄罗斯自然资源开发部MRC---湄公河委员会 MZP---总体管理分区计划NBI-- =尼罗河流域计划 ND P---国际发展计划NDPC---国际发展计划委员会 NDSS---协商与决策支持系统NEAP---国家环境行动计划 NEPA---美国国家环境政策法NEPAD---非洲发展新经济伙伴计划 NEQS—国家环境质量标准NEPS—国家农业政策声明 NGO---非政府组织NI---倍爱尔兰 Nile-COM---尼罗河流域计划委员会Nile-SEC---尼罗河流域计划秘书处 Nile-TAC----尼罗河流域计划技术咨询委员会NIS---新独联体（属于前苏联） NLS---国家层次的审查NSDS---国家可持续发展战略 NT---中国香港新界NTC—国家旅游局 OD---业务指南 OECD---经济合作与发展组织OP/BP---业务政策|银行程序（世界银行） PA ----政策评估保护区PAC---社会行动计划 PAP/RAC---优先行动计划活动中心（附属于地中海行动计划）PCB---多氯联苯 PCP—计划和强行的购买 PDR---人民民主共和国PEA---项目环境评估 PEIA—初步环境影响评估 PEIS---项目环境影响评估PER—影响预评价、公众专家环境审查 PES---初步环境调查PIA—政策影响评估 PMO—总理办公室 POE---人口 PPA—参与性贫困评估PIC S---太平洋岛国 PPEA—参与性的贫困与环境评价 PPP---政策、规划、计划PRC—中华人民共和国 PRS—扶贫战略 PRSP---扶贫战略文件PRSP-PR---扶贫战略文件进展报告 PSAL—私营机构调整贷款PSD---计划支持文件 PSDU---扶贫和可持续发展小组 PSIA---扶贫和社会影响分析RAC----资源评价委员会 RDEIA---区域开发环境影响评价 RDPS---乡村发展计划REA—区域环境评估 REC—中东欧区域环境中心 REDSO---区域经济发展服务办公室RFA---区域森林协议 RIA---监管影响评估 RIAS---监管影响分析综述RISPO—创新战略和政策选择研究 RUL---铀限值 SA---可持续性评估S AL---结构调整贷款 SAP—战略行动计划 SAR---特别行政区SDF---空间发展框架 SDI---空间发展计划 SEA---部门环境分析战略影响评估PSIP---民间投资计划 SEAN---战略环境分析 SEF---战略环境体系SEP---战略环境规划 SEPA---中国国家环境保护总局 SFRA---引起水量减少的开发活动SHD---人类可持续发展 SIA—社会战略可持续性影响评估SIDS---发展中小岛屿国家 SO---战略目标概况 SOE----环境状况SOER---环境质量报告 SOP---部门行动计划 SRU----城市互助更新法SWAP----全部门协调统一的方法 SWOT---优势弱点机会与威胁 TA---技术援助TCG—美国克拉克集团TDP---旅游发展规划TDS---全港发展策略TEA---跨界环境评价TEN---欧洲交通网 TOR—职权 TRAC---核心资源分配目标 TRIPS—与贸易有关的知识产权 UDP---统一发展规划UN---联合国 UNCED---联合国环境与发展会议 UNCTAD---联合国贸易与发展委员会 UNDAF—联合国发展援助框架UNDESA---联合国环境与社会事务部 UNDP—联合国环境规划署UNECE—联合国欧洲经济委员会 UNEP—联合国环境规划署UNEP-WCMC—环境规划署-世界保护监测中心，英国USAID---美国国际开发署 WB---世界银行 WBCSD—世界可持续发展商业理事会 WCD---世界水坝委员会 WCED—世界环境与发展委员会WEHAB---水、能源、健康、农业和生物多样性 WMA—水资源管理区WMP---废物管理计划 WRI---世界资源研究所 WTO---世界贸易组织WWF---全球自然基金 WWF-SPP----全球自然基金-南太平洋方案WSSD—可持续发展世界首脑会议为将废物分为三类：最易燃的（RDF）,纸和塑料（PPF）及含水量高的有机物（ONF）。
环保知识英文翻译
环保知识英文翻译环保概述Environmental Protection可再生能源Renewable Energy节能减排Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction碳排放Carbon Emissions污染控制Pollution Control可持续发展Sustainable Development垃圾分类Garbage Classification自然资源保护Natural Resource Conservation生态平衡Ecological Balance生物多样性Biodiversity绿色生态Green Ecology海洋保护Marine Conservation空气质量监测Air Quality Monitoring地球变暖Global Warming地球资源Earth Resources碳中和Carbon Neutrality环境政策Environmental Policies环保组织Environmental Organizations再生资源利用Recycling and Reuse of Resources 生态修复Ecological Restoration绿色能源Green Energy可降解塑料Biodegradable Plastics气候变化适应Climate Change Adaptation环保倡导Environmental Advocacy土壤污染Soil Contamination水资源管理Water Resource Management排放标准Emission Standards绿色城市Green Cities可持续消费Sustainable Consumption环境教育Environmental Education环境影响评价Environmental Impact Assessment 公众参与Public Participation可再生材料Renewable Materials环保行动Environmental Actions绿色经济Green Economy生态系统Ecosystem气候变化公约Climate Change Convention绿色技术Green Technology水质改善Water Quality Improvement植树造林Afforestation可持续建筑Sustainable Architecture社会责任Social Responsibility碳交易Carbon Trading以上为环保知识的一些英文翻译内容，希望能够帮助您更深入地了解环保领域的相关知识。
全球治理和国际组织
全球治理和国际组织IntroductionGlobal governance has become increasingly important in the modern world, where countries and communities face complex issues that require collective action. In this context, international organizations play a vital role in promoting cooperation and managing global challenges. This essay discusses the importance of global governance and the role of international organizations in this process.The Importance of Global GovernanceGlobal governance refers to the collective management of global issues, including environmental degradation, climate change, poverty, inequality, and national security. These challenges cannot be addressed by any single country or organization, but require a coordinated effort by multiple actors. Effective global governance can ensure that these challenges are managed responsibly and efficiently, and that the benefits of globalization are distributed equitably.The Role of International OrganizationsInternational organizations (IOs) are an essential component of global governance, providing the platform for cooperation among states and other actors. IOs play multiple roles, including:1. Providing a forum for dialogue and negotiation on global challenges2. Facilitating the development of international norms and standards3. Providing technological and financial support to developing countries4. Coordinating and monitoring international agreements and conventions.Examples of IOs include the United Nations (UN), the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Trade Organization (WTO).The United Nations (UN)The UN is the most prominent and inclusive IO in the world, with membership from almost all nations. The UN operates through various bodies, including the General Assembly, the Security Council, and specialized agencies such as the World Health Organization (WHO)and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The UN has played a critical role in promoting human rights, peacekeeping, environmental protection, and poverty reduction.The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF)The World Bank and the IMF were established after World War II to promote economic stability and development in developing countries. The World Bank provides financial assistance and technical support for development projects, while the IMF provides loans to countries facing economic crises. These organizations have been criticized for promoting neoliberal policies that prioritize economic growth over social and environmental concerns.The World Trade Organization (WTO)The WTO was established in 1995 to promote free trade and reduce protectionism among member states. The WTO has been instrumental in liberalizing international trade and resolving disputes between member states. However, the organization has been criticized for promoting the interests of large multinational corporations at the expense of smaller, less powerful nations.ConclusionIn conclusion, global governance is crucial in managing global challenges and promoting sustainable development. International organizations play a vital role in providing the platform for cooperation among states and other actors, facilitating the development of international norms and standards, providing technological and financial support to developing countries, and coordinating and monitoring international agreements and conventions. While IOs have made significant contributions to global governance, there is still significant room for improvement in terms of their accountability, effectiveness, and representation of marginalized groups.。
翻译专业词汇(环境)
urban heat island effect
城市污水处理
treatment of domestic sewage
大气检测系统
atmospheric monitoring system
单位国内生产总值能耗
energy consumption per unit of GDP
二氧化硫排放
sulfurdioxide emissions
翻译专业词汇环境哥本哈根气候变化大会copenhageclimateconferenee白色污染whitepollution保护自然资源conserveaturalresources濒危野生动物endangeredwildlife城市垃圾无害化处理dectaminationrefuse城市热岛效应urbanheatislandeffect城市污水处理treatmentdomesticsewage大气检测系统atmosphericmonitoringsystem单位国内生产总值能耗energyconsumptionperunitgdp二氧化硫排放sulfurdioxideemissions碳收集及储存carbstorageccs碳吸收carb防沙林sandbreak防护林shelterbelt工业废水dustrialeffluents废水处理厂wastewatertreatmentplant工业粉尘排放industrialdustdischarge国家环境保护总局stateenvironmentalprotectionadministrationsepa联合国环境与发展大会unitednationsconfereneedevelopmentunced联合国环境规划署unitednationsenvironmentprogramsunep过分开垦overplowing海水淡化seawaterdesalinization环境恶化environmentaidegradations节能减排energyconservationemissionsreduction禁猎区nohuntingareas可降解一次性塑料袋throwawaybiodegradableplasticbags可吸入颗粒物halableparticulate垃圾分类收集collectionclassifiedrefuse垃圾生物降解biodegradationrefuse垃圾填埋refuseiandfill垃圾焚化厂refuseincinerator绿化面积afforestedareas农药残留pesticideresidue汽车尾气motorvehicleexhaust尾气净化器exhaustpurifier小排量汽车smalldisplacementenginevehicles三废综合利用multipurposeusethreewasteswastega
Global Environmental Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility
Global Environmental Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility IntroductionECOLOGIA (ECOlogists Linked for Organizing Grassroots Initiatives and Action) was formally founded in 1989 by grassroots environmental activists from the United States in order to support grassroots environmental initiatives across the Soviet Union and eastern Europe. In early 2000, ECOLOGIA moved its US headquarters to Middlebury, Vermont. Led by initiative from Russian staff, ECOLOGIA became increasingly involved in helping Russian enterprises implement environmental management systems in order to reduce pollution and production costs. Since 2002, ECOLOGIA has been exploring opportunities to conduct similar work in China. ECOLOGIA also takes part in the development of international environmental management standards, such as ISO14000, and advocates transparency and public participation in international standards-making bodies. Since 2003, they have specialized in work on international greenhouse gas accounting standards (emissions reduction, reporting and verification).1ECOLOGIA has now assumed a leadership role in the development of yet another International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard. This standard focuses on social and environmental responsibility. International standards were originally created as voluntary guidelines, and they are now increasingly used to implement public policy and legislation. As a form of global governance, the development of standards can be a model for engaging a broad range of countries and stakeholders in developing “consensus-based rules of conduct”. Many of the critical issues of the 21st century (climate change, fair trade, corporate social and environmental responsibility) will be resolved one standard at a time.2Partnering with ECOLOGIA, you have the opportunity to dive in and contribute to the three-year standards-making process for the corporate social and environmental responsibility (CSR) standard, at both the local and international level. It is important to note the multi-year timeline for this standard, as your research and project work will serve as a contribution to this evolving process.Problem Statement #1 – Impact in VermontWorking with a subset of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Vermont, you can help bring the Vermont perspective to this international discussion. Logical steps include: ∙Define your sample-set of Vermont businesses to work with. A good starting point would be to contact Vermont Businesses for Social Responsibility (VBSR,/) for their directory of member businesses. You may also want toinclude non-VBSR members for comparison. Decide what kind of geographic and “type-of-industry” distribution would be useful. Be cre ative and thoughtful, and run your ideas by ECOLOGIA.∙Develop a primer on international standards for SMEs as a means to introduce Vermont companies to this topic2ECOLOGIA November 2004 Briefing Paper for the Ford Foundation, “Governance by Standards: Opportunities for Civil Society Organizations”.∙Interview local businesses in your sample set. Your interview findings should be summarized in a “Vermont Position Paper” that can be widely shared. Three main goalsof your interviews should be to:o Gather reactions to proposed sections of the CSR standardo Gather proposed alternatives for sections they don’t like / are concerned abouto Capture actual CSR practices that are already happening in VT so that these can be shared at the international level∙Produce a CSR workbook for local businesses tailored appropriately based on your interview findings. While there exists a cumbersome an expensive Global ReportingInitiative that covers CSR as well as numerous other areas, there is a need for simple,small-scale CSR evaluation tool, for businesses to quickly and easily measure theirperformance in this arena.Problem Statement #2 – Impact in ChinaAs mentioned in the introduction, ECOLOGIA has increasingly been focusing its work in China, particularly in the Sichuan Province of Southern China (focal cities of Chengdu and Guizhou) as this area offers the largest variety of environmental topics, is an area where ECOLOGIA has strong NGO contacts, and is also an area that is very industry-intensive. As you know from current events, China is emerging as a powerful global force and is the biggest new variable in economic and environmental issues. As you also know from current events, China is often portrayed as the bad actor in many social and environmental realms – a portrayal that many are rightly challenging. In this context, developing a position paper on the relevance of the newly developing CSR standard to China would be an important contribution to this international discussion. Similar steps to those outlined in Problem Statement #1 can be followed, though much of your work would be based conducted via the web and e-mail. A starting point for your business contacts could be the newly formed China Business Council on Sustainable Development. ECOLOGIA can provide contacts and help with communication.Problem Statement #3 – The Economics and Marketing of CSRThere are several areas where useful work could be done in the realms of economics and marketing of goods produced by socially and environmentally responsible companies. Compelling economic results could offer strong incentives for businesses to adopt CSR standards. Research areas include:∙Are consumers voting with their dollars? Develop a survey for the local Middlebury community (or more regionally) that would address some of the following themes: Arepeople making decisions about where to shop based on social or environmental standards?Are people willing to pay more for an item produced in a socially and environmentallyresponsible way? What social and environmental criteria are most important to them?∙Are producers rewarded for producing goods in a socially and environmentally responsibl e way? In reality, CSR won’t work if producers are not rewarded for theirefforts. Document several case studies that highlight the range in compensation for CSRgoods (i.e. what percent of retail sale value is making it back to producer). Conduct thisresearch at both the local and international level.∙Lastly, would better marketing / branding of CSR goods result in higher returns to local, regional, and international producers? ECOLOGIA recently came across an example ofa Chinese shower-curtain factory producing a very high quality product in a socially and environmentally responsible way for IKEA. The company in China makes only a marginal profit, while IKEA consumers remain unaware of the high CSR standards of the company where the curtain is produced. Would a consumer pay more if the shower curtain was branded / marketed in a way that would highlight its value (examples that come to mind are Fair Trade coffee and the College’s use of local wood)? Develop a prototype experiment that would include designing new packaging for the shower curtain. Would Bed, Bath and Beyond in Burlington to sell / market the repackaged product? Then gauge consumer reaction. This would be an ambitious project for one semester, but could continue as a J-Term project.。
中考英语全球气候治理单选题40题
中考英语全球气候治理单选题40题1.The importance of global climate governance lies in protecting our planet's future. "governance" in this sentence means_____.A.managementB.neglectC.destructionD.creation答案：A。
本题考查单词理解。
“governance”是治理的意思，与“management”（ 管理）意思相近。
“neglect”是忽视，“destruction”是破坏，“creation”是创造，均不符合题意。
2.Global climate governance is crucial for_____.A.environmental pollutionB.biodiversity lossC.living standards improvementD.sustainable development答案：D。
本题考查对全球气候治理的重要性的理解。
全球气候治理对于可持续发展至关重要，“sustainable development”意为可持续发展。
“environmental pollution”是环境污染，“biodiversity loss”是生物多样性丧失，“living standards improvement”是生活水平提高，都不是全球气候治理的主要目的。
3.One of the key elements of global climate governance is_____.A.energy consumption reductionB.water pollution increaseC.forest destructionD.desert expansion答案：A。
本题考查全球气候治理的关键要素。
关于环保的英语词汇
★关于环保的英语词汇环保英语词汇：environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染的环保英语词汇：Pollute= contaminate, 污染(动词)pollutant 污染物Pollution=contamination 污染(名词)垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill垃圾场)dump倾倒，recycle 回收plastic bags塑料袋, drinking cans饮料罐biodegradable packaging 可降解包装throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料的环保英语词汇：non-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源replace=substitute v.取代(wind power, hydropower水电solar (lunar) power太阳能nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约consume less v. 少消耗危害动物的环保英语词汇：poaching非法打猎，盗猎damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地rare breed稀有物种endangered species濒危物种extinct adj.灭绝 (die out, disappear动词)animal rights activist动物权益保护者natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区protect wild life保护野生动物disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏have disastrous effect on…对……有灾难性的影响危害植物的环保英语词汇：vegetation植被deforestation森林消失landslide山体滑坡危害环境的环保英语词汇：carbon dioxide二氧化碳acid rain酸雨(erode腐蚀)greenhouse effect温室效应 (worsening, deteriorate, deterioration恶化) global warming全球变暖ecological system=ecosystem生态系统green belt绿化带, sand storm沙尘暴, (filter v. 过滤)arouse people's awareness/consciousness of environmental protection 提高公众的环保意识全球环保类热门话题英语词汇：21世纪议程：Agenda 21世界环境日（6月5日）：World Environment Day (June 5th each year)世界环境日主题：World Environment Day Themes冰川消融，后果堪忧！（2007年）Melting Ice–a Hot Topic!莫使旱地变荒漠！（2006年）Deserts and Desertification–Don't Desert Drylands!营造绿色城市，呵护地球家园！（2005年）Green Cities –Plan for the Planet!海洋存亡，匹夫有责！（2004年）Wanted! Seas and Oceans –Dead or Alive!水——二十亿人生命之所系！（2003年）Water - Two Billion People are Dying for It!让地球充满生机！（2002年）Give Earth a Chance!世间万物生命之网！（2001年）Connect with the World Wide Web of life!环境千年-行动起来吧！（2000年）The Environment Millennium - Time to Act!拯救地球就是拯救未来！（1999年）Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It!为了地球上的生命-拯救我们的海洋！（1998年) For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas!为了地球上的生命！（1997）For Life on Earth我们的地球、居住地、家园：（1996）Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home国际生物多样性日（12月29日）：International Biodiversity Day (29 December)世界水日（3月22日）：World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日（3月23日）：World Meteorological Day (23 March)世界海洋日（6月8日）：World Oceans Day (8 June)植树节（3月12日）：Arbor Day (12 March)面临的环境保护问题及污染问题英文词汇：废水：waste/polluted water废气：waste/polluted gas废渣：residue工业固体废物：industrial solid wastes白色污染：white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradab le white plastics)有机污染物：organic pollutants森林砍伐率：rate of deforestation水土流失：water and soil erosion土壤盐碱化：soil alkalization濒危野生动物：endangered wildlife环境恶化：environmental degradation城市化失控：uncontrolled urbanization温室效应：greenhouse effect全球变暖：global warming环保问题拯救措施及污染治理相关英语口译词汇：中国环保基本政策：the basic policies of China's environmental protection 预防为主、防治结合的政策：policy of of prevention in the first place and integr ating prevention with control治理环境污染：curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control可降解一次性塑料袋：throwaway bio-degradable plastics bags 垃圾填埋场：refuse landfill垃圾焚化场：refuse incinerator防止过度利用森林：protest forests from overexploitation 水土保持：conservation of water and soil水资源保护区：water resource conservation zone造林工程：afforestation project珍稀濒危物种繁育基地：rare and endangered species breeding center绿化祖国：turn the country green全民义务植树日：National Tree-Planting Day森林覆盖率：forest coverage防风林：wind breaks防沙林：sand breaks速生林：fast-growing trees降低资源消耗率：slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再生资源：develop renewable resources环保产品：environment-friendly products自然保护区：nature reserve“低碳”词汇低碳 Low-Carbon低碳经济 Low-Carbon Economy（LCE）低碳生活 Low-Carbon Life低碳旅游 Low-Carbon Tour低碳城市化道路Low-Carbon urbanization way碳 Carbon二氧化碳 Carbon dioxide二氧化碳排放 the output of the carbon dioxide二氧化碳浓度Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide 碳减排Carbon emission reduction碳排放标准 Standard for carbon dioxide emission碳排放责任 Liability for carbon dioxide emission越境碳污染 Trans-frontier carbon dioxide pollution一氧化碳 Carbon monoxide[mə'nɔksaid]温室气体 Greenhouse gas（GHS）温室气体排放 Greenhouse gas emission温室效应 Greenhouse effect全球气候变暖 Global warming生物圈 Biosphere大气层 Atmosphere大气模型 Atmospheric models空气质量管理 Air quality management大气监测 Atmospheric monitoring大气修正 Atmospheric corrections大气层的化学成分Chemical composition of the atmosphere 臭氧层 Ozone layer紫外线 Ultraviolet ray红外线 Infrared环境 Environment生态 Ecology生态系统 Ecosystem工业烟尘 Industrial fumes环境核算 Environmental accounting环境审计 Environmental auditing环境健康影响评价 Environmental health impact assessment 环境影响 Environmental impact环境影响评价 Environmental impact assessment环境影响状报告书 Environmental impact statement环境指标 Environmental indicators环境政策 Environmental policy环境风险评估 Environmental risk assessment可持续发展 Sustainable development。
环保相关英语翻译
环保相关英语翻译国际生物多样性日 International Biodiversity Day (29 December) 世界水日World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March) 世界海洋日 World Oceans Day (8 June )人与生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere (MAB) Program (UNESCO) 中国21世纪议程China's Agenda 21中国生物多样性保护行动计划 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan 中国跨世纪绿色工程规划 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan 生物多样性公约 Convention on Biological Diversity防治荒漠化国际公约 Convention to Combat Desertification气候变化框架公约 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 国家环境保护总局 State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA)坚持环境保护基本国策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection 污染者负担的政策 \强化环境管理的政策 policy of tightening up environmental management 环保执法检查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection 限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time生态示范区 eco-demonstration region; environment-friendly region国家级生态示范区（珠海） Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region 国家级园林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City 工业固体废物 industrial solid wastes白色污染 white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics) 可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags 放射性废料积存 accumulation of radioactive waste 有机污染物 organic pollutants三废综合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes（waste water, waste gas, solid waste）城市垃圾无害化处理率 decontamination rate of urban refuse 垃圾填埋场refuse landfill 垃圾焚化厂 refuse incinerator防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation 森林砍伐率deforestation rate 水土流失 water and soil erosion 土壤盐碱化 soil alkalization生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture 水资源保护区water resource conservation zone 海水淡化 sea water desalinization 造林工程afforestation project绿化面积 afforested areas; greening space 森林覆盖率 forest coverage 防风林 wind breaks 防沙林 sand breaks速生林 fast-growing trees降低资源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation1开发可再生资源 develop renewable resources 环保产品 environment-friendly products 自然保护区 nature reserve野生动植物 wild fauna and flora保护生存环境 conserve natural habitats 濒危野生动物 endangered wildlife珍稀濒危物种繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center 美化环境landscaping design for environmental purposes 环境恶化 environmental degradation 温饱型农业 subsistence agriculture空气污染浓度 air pollution concentration酸雨、越境空气污染 acid rain and trans-boundary air pollution 工业粉尘排放industrial dust discharge 烟尘排放 soot emissions矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气） fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 清洁能源 clean energy汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust 尾气净化器 exhaust purifier 无铅汽油lead-free gasoline 天然气汽车 gas-fueled vehicles电动汽车 cell-driven vehicles; battery cars小排量汽车 small-displacement (engine) vehicles 温室效应 greenhouse effect工业废水处理率 treatment rate of industrial effluents 城市污水处理率treatment rate of domestic sewage 集中处理厂 centralized treatment plant21世纪议程 Agenda 21 （the international plan of action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro Brazil（巴西里约）, - provides the global consensus on the road map towards sustainable development）世界环境日 World Environment Day (June 5th each year) 世界环境日主题 World Environment Day Themes 环境千年-行动起来吧！（2000） The Environment Millennium - Time to Act！拯救地球就是拯救未来！（1999） Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It!为了地球上的生命-拯救我们的海洋!（1998）For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas! 为了地球上的生命（1997） For Life on Earth我们的地球、居住地、家园（1996） Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home 国际生物多样性日 International Biodiversity Day (29 December) 世界水日 World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March) 世界海洋日 World Oceans Day (8 June )联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会） United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)2环发大会首脑会议 Summit Session of UNCED联合国环境规划署 United Nations Environment Programs （UNEP）2000年全球环境展望报告 GEO-2000; Global Environmental Outlook 2000 入选“全球500佳奖” be elected to the rank of Global 500 Roll of Honor 联合国人类居住中心 UN Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS)改善人类居住环境最佳范例奖 Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement 人与生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere (MAB) Program (UNESCO) 中国21世纪议程China’s Agenda 21中国生物多样性保护行动计划 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan 中国跨世纪绿色工程规划 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan国家环境保护总局 State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) 中国环保基本方针China’s guiding principles for environmental protection坚持环境保护基本国策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection 推行可持续发展战略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展（三同步）的方针 carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection (the “three synchronizes” principle)促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变 promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一 bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection中国环保基本政策 the basic policies of China’s environmental protection预防为主、防治结合的政策 policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control污染者负担的政策“the-polluters-pay” policy强化环境管理的政策 policy of tightening up environmental management 一控双达标政策policy of “One Order, Two Goals”:“一控”：12种工业污染物的排放量控制在国家规定的排放总量 The total discharge of 12 industrial pollutants in China by the end of 2000 shall not exceed the total amount mandated by the central government.;“双达标”： 1. 到2000年底，全国所有的工业污染源要达到国家或地方规定的污染物排放标准 The discharge of industrial pollutants should meet both national and local standards by the endof 2000. 2. 到2000年底，47个重点城市的空气和地面水达到国家规定的环境质量标准 2. Air and surface water quality in all urban districts in 47 majorcities should meet related national standards by the end of 2000.对新项目实行环境影响评估 conduct environmental impact assessments (EIA) on start-up projects提高全民环保意识 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public查处违反环保法规案件 investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection环保执法检查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection 限期治理undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time3中国已加入的国际公约 international conventions into which China has accessed 控制危险废物越境转移及其处置的巴塞尔公约 Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer生物多样性公约 Convention on Biological Diversity防治荒漠化国际公约 Convention to Combat Desertification气候变化框架公约 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 生态示范区 eco-demonstration region; environment-friendly region国家级生态示范区（珠海） Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region 国家级园林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City对水质和空气质量的影响 impact on the quality of the water and the air治理环境污染 curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control 海藻 mostly in polluted waters)工业固体废物 industrial solid wastes白色污染 white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics) 可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags 放射性废料积存 accumulation of radioactive waste 有机污染物 organic pollutants氰化物、砷、汞排放 cyanide, arsenic, mercury discharged 铅、镉、六价铬lead, cadmium, sexivalent chromium城市垃圾无害化处理率 decontamination rate of urban refuse 垃圾填埋场refuse landfill 垃圾焚化厂 refuse incinerator防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation 森林砍伐率 rate of deforestation 水土流失 water and soil erosion 土壤盐碱化 soil alkalization 农药残留 pesticide residue水土保持 conservation of water and soil生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture 水资源保护区water resource conservation zone 海水淡化 sea water desalinization保护珊瑚礁、红树林和渔业资源 protect coral reefs, mangrove and fishing resource 绿化祖国 turn the country green全民义务植树日 National Tree-Planting Day 造林工程 afforestation project绿化面积 afforested areas; greening space 森林覆盖率 forest coverage防风林 wind breaks （防沙林 sand breaks）速生林 fast-growing trees降低资源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation4开发可再生资源 develop renewable resources 环保产品 environment-friendly products 自然保护区 nature reserve野生动植物 wild fauna and flora保护生存环境 conserve natural habitats 濒危野生动物 endangered wildlife珍稀濒危物种繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center 自然生态系统 natural ecosystems防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙） desertification 环境负荷 carrying capacity of environment三废综合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes 先天与后天，遗传与环境 nature-nurture美化环境 landscaping design for environmental purposes防止沿海地带不可逆转恶化 protect coastal zones from irreversible degradation 环境恶化 environmental degradation 城市化失控 uncontrolled urbanization 温饱型农业 subsistence agriculture贫困的恶性循环 vicious cycle of poverty 大气监测系统 atmospheric monitoring system 空气污染浓度 air pollution concentration酸雨、越境空气污染 acid rain and trans-boundary air pollution 二氧化硫排放sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions 悬浮颗粒物 suspended particles工业粉尘排放 industrial dust discharged 烟尘排放 soot emissions二氧化氮 nitrate dioxide (NO2)矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气） fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 清洁能源 clean energy汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust 尾气净化器 exhaust purifier 无铅汽油lead-free gasoline 天然气汽车 gas-fueled vehicles电动汽车 cell-driven vehicles; battery cars 氯氟烃 CFCs温室效应 greenhouse effect厄尔尼诺南徊 ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) 噪音 noise （分贝 db; decibel）化学需氧量（衡量水污染程度的一个指标） COD；chemical oxygen demand 生物需氧量 BOD; biological oxygen demand工业废水处理率 treatment rate of industrial effluents 城市污水处理率treatment rate of domestic sewage 集中处理厂 centralized treatment plant 红潮red tide (rapid propagation of sea alg5感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
causes of worldwide degradation 雅思范文
causes of worldwide degradation 雅思范文Title: Causes of Worldwide Environmental Degradation: An Analysis for IELTS EssayIntroduction:The issue of worldwide environmental degradation has garnered significant attention in recent years.It is crucial to understand the underlying causes to address this pressing global concern effectively.This essay aims to explore and analyze the principal causes of worldwide environmental degradation, providing a comprehensive overview for IELTS candidates.Causes of Worldwide Environmental Degradation:1.Population Growth:One of the primary causes of environmental degradation is the exponential growth of the global population.As the number of people increases, the demand for resources such as food, water, and energy also rises.This surge in consumption places immense pressure on the environment, leading to deforestation, overfishing, and the depletion of natural resources.2.Industrialization and Urbanization:The rapid process of industrialization and urbanization has resulted in the release of harmful pollutants into the air, water, and soil.Factoriesand power plants emit greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming and climate change.Additionally, urban expansion leads to the destruction of natural habitats, loss of biodiversity, and increased pollution levels.3.Agricultural Practices:Traditional and modern agricultural practices contribute significantly to environmental degradation.The excessive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides pollutes the soil and water, affecting both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.Moreover, practices like deforestation for cattle grazing and monoculture farming lead to soil erosion, decreased soil fertility, and loss of biodiversity.4.Transportation and Energy Consumption:The transportation sector relies heavily on fossil fuels, which release carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.The excessive use of private vehicles, airplanes, and ships accelerates climate change and air pollution.Furthermore, the burning of fossil fuels for energy production contributes to the overall degradation of the environment.5.Consumerism and Waste Generation:The modern consumerist culture promotes the excessive consumption of goods and services, resulting in a significant increase in waste generation.Improper waste disposal, such as dumping in landfillsor oceanic pollution, causes soil and water contamination, harming both human and ecosystem health.6.Climate Change:Climate change exacerbates environmental degradation by altering weather patterns, leading to extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, and floods.These events damage ecosystems, destroy infrastructure, and impact food security, further compromising the environment.7.Policy and Governance:Inadequate environmental policies and weak governance structures also contribute to worldwide degradation.Without strict regulations and enforcement mechanisms, industries and individuals often prioritize economic growth over environmental conservation, leading to unsustainable practices.Conclusion:The causes of worldwide environmental degradation are multifaceted and interconnected.Population growth, industrialization, agricultural practices, transportation, consumerism, climate change, and policy failures all play significant roles in exacerbating this global issue.Addressing these causes requires collective efforts from individuals, governments, and international organizations to adopt sustainable practices, implement robust policies, and promoteenvironmental awareness.By doing so, we can work towards reversing the trends of environmental degradation and securing a healthier future for our planet.。
gep原则理念
gep原则理念
"GEP" 通常指的是全球治理体系（Global Environmental Governance）或全球环境计划（Global Environmental Programme），具体取决于上下文。
在环境领域，GEP 的原则和理念通常涉及全球环境保护和可持续发展。
以下是一些常见的全球环境治理原则和理念：
●可持续发展：GEP 的核心理念之一是实现可持续发展，即满足当前世代的需求，而不
影响未来世代满足其需求的能力。
●全球合作：GEP 鼓励各国、各地区之间的合作和协调，以解决全球性环境问题，因为
许多环境挑战都是跨国的。
●公平与公正：GEP 强调环境保护和资源利用的公平和公正，确保不同国家和社会群体
之间的公平分配和共享环境责任。
●预防原则：GEP 提倡采取预防性措施，预防环境污染和生态系统破坏，而不仅仅是对
问题进行事后治理。
●责任和义务：GEP 原则中包括国家和企业对环境的责任和义务，强调环境保护是每个
人的共同责任。
●可追溯性原则：GEP 提倡环境政策和行动的可追溯性，即各方应对其环境行为负责，
并能够追溯其环境影响。
●信息透明：GEP 鼓励政府和企业在环境问题上提供透明的信息，让公众了解并参与环
境决策。
请注意，具体的GEP 原则和理念可能会根据不同的国家、国际组织或环境议题而有所不同。
发展不平衡不充分英语作文
发展不平衡不充分英语作文Title: Unequal and Insufficient Development: A Global Challenge.Unequal and insufficient development is a pervasive issue that plagues our global society, manifesting itself in various forms across different regions and sectors. This phenomenon is not limited to any particular country or region but is a global challenge that requires collective action and cooperation. The root causes of this issue are complex and multifaceted, but the consequences are clear: a widening gap between the rich and the poor, environmental degradation, social unrest, and a sluggish global economy.One of the primary reasons for unequal development is the disparate distribution of resources and opportunities. While some regions and countries are rich in natural resources and have access to advanced technologies, others lag behind, starved of resources and opportunities. This results in a situation where some parts of the world areable to enjoy high levels of economic growth and development, while others are left to languish in poverty and deprivation.Insufficient development, on the other hand, is often a result of poor governance and policies that fail to prioritize the needs of the majority. This can be seen in countries where political elites prioritize their own interests over the welfare of the people, resulting in mismanagement of resources, corruption, and a lack of investment in critical sectors such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure.The consequences of unequal and insufficient development are profound and far-reaching. Firstly, it perpetuates a cycle of poverty and deprivation, trapping millions of people in situations where they lack access to basic necessities such as food, shelter, and healthcare. This not only affects their individual well-being but also has a negative impact on the social and economic fabric of their communities and countries.Secondly, unequal and insufficient development contributes to environmental degradation and climate change. The extractive industries, for example, often operate with little or no regard for environmental sustainability, resulting in the destruction of habitats, pollution, andthe depletion of natural resources. This not only has an immediate impact on the environment but also contributes to long-term climate change and global warming.Thirdly, unequal and insufficient development can leadto social unrest and conflict. The disparities in wealthand opportunity create a sense of resentment andfrustration among those who are left behind, leading to protests, demonstrations, and even violent conflicts. This not only results in loss of life and property but also hasa negative impact on the stability and security of the affected countries.To address the issue of unequal and insufficient development, a comprehensive and multi-faceted approach is needed. Firstly, it is important to ensure that resources and opportunities are distributed more evenly across theglobe. This can be achieved through improved trade policies, increased investment in infrastructure and technology, anda commitment to sustainable development practices.Secondly, it is crucial to improve governance and policies that prioritize the needs of the majority. This involves promoting transparency and accountability in government, strengthening institutions that protect the rights of the poor and vulnerable, and ensuring that resources are allocated effectively and efficiently.Thirdly, we need to prioritize investment in critical sectors such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure. These sectors are essential for building strong andresilient communities that can withstand the challenges of unequal and insufficient development. By providing accessto quality education and healthcare, we can empower individuals and communities to lift themselves out of poverty and deprivation.In conclusion, unequal and insufficient development isa global challenge that requires urgent action andcooperation. By addressing the root causes of this issue –the disparate distribution of resources and opportunities, poor governance, and a lack of investment in critical sectors – we can begin to create a more equal and sustainable world for all. This will not only improve the lives of millions of people but also contribute to global stability and security.。
ghg protocol标准 -回复
ghg protocol标准-回复标题：深入理解GHG Protocol标准：一种全球温室气体管理框架一、引言在全球气候变化的严峻挑战下，温室气体（Greenhouse Gas，简称GHG）排放的量化和管理变得尤为重要。
为此，世界资源研究所（World Resources Institute，WRI）和世界可持续发展工商理事会（World Business Council for Sustainable Development，WBCSD）联合开发了一种全球公认的温室气体核算和报告标准——GHG Protocol（温室气体议定书）。
本文将深入解析这一标准，解答其核心内容和实施步骤。
二、GHG Protocol标准概述GHG Protocol标准是一种全面、系统的方法，用于量化、监测和控制各种组织的温室气体排放。
它提供了一套统一的核算框架和准则，涵盖了范围一、范围二和范围三的温室气体排放，旨在帮助各类组织（包括企业、政府、非营利组织等）更好地理解和管理其碳足迹。
三、GHG Protocol标准的核心内容1. 范围一排放：直接排放范围一排放是指组织在其直接控制下产生的温室气体排放，主要包括燃烧化石燃料（如煤、石油、天然气）产生的二氧化碳（CO2）、甲烷（CH4）和氮氧化物（N2O）。
2. 范围二排放：间接排放（能源消耗）范围二排放是指组织在购买和使用电力、蒸汽、热能或冷气等过程中，由供应商产生的温室气体排放。
这些排放通常以二氧化碳当量（CO2e）的形式计算。
3. 范围三排放：其他间接排放范围三排放是指组织价值链中的其他间接温室气体排放，包括供应链上的原材料采购、产品运输、使用阶段和废弃物处理等环节产生的排放。
四、GHG Protocol标准的实施步骤1. 确定组织边界和目标首先，组织需要明确其GHG核算的范围和目标，包括纳入核算的设施、活动和产品，以及期望达到的减排目标。
2. 数据收集和量化接下来，组织需要收集相关的数据和信息，包括能源消耗记录、生产过程数据、供应链信息等，然后根据GHG Protocol标准的量化方法，计算各范围的温室气体排放量。