锂电池充电器的设计译文
毕业论文外文文献翻译The-design-of-the-lithium-battery-charger锂电池充电器的设计
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：锂电池充电器的设计文献、资料英文题目：The design of the lithiumbattery charger文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14The design of the lithium battery chargerIntroductionLi-Ion rechargeable batteries are finding their way into many applications due to their size, weight and energy storage advantages.These batteries are already considered the preferred battery in portable computer applications, displacing NiMH and NiCad batteries, and cellular phones are quickly becoming the second major marketplace for Li-Ion. The reason is clear. Li-Ion batteries offer many advantages to the end consumer. In portable computers,Li-Ion battery packs offer longer run times over NiCad and NiMH packs for the same form factor and size, while reducing weight. The same advantages are true for cellular phones. A phone can be made smaller and lighter using Li-Ion batteries without sacrificing run time. As Li-Ion battery costs come down, even more applications will switch to this lighter and smaller technology. Market trends show a continual growth in all rechargeable battery types as consumers continue to demand the convenience of portability. Market data for 1997 shows that approximately 200 million cells of Li-Ion will be shipped, compared to 600 million cells of NiMH. However, it is important to note that three cells of NiMH are equivalent to one Li-Ion cell when packaged into a battery pack. Thus, the actual volume is very close to the same for both. 1997 also marked the first year Li-Ion was the battery type used in the majority of portable computers, displacing NiMH for the top spot. Data for the cellular market showed a shift to Li-Ion in the majority of phones sold in 1997 in Europe and Japan.Li-Ion batteries are an exciting battery technology that must be watched. To make sense of these new batteries, this design guide explains the fundamentals, the charging requirements and the circuits to meet these requirements.Along with more and more the emergence of the handheld electric appliances, to the high performance, baby size, weight need of the light battery charger also more Come more big.The battery is technical to progress to also request continuously to refresh the calculate way more complicatedly is fast with the realization, safety of refresh.Therefore need Want to carry on the more accurate supervision towards refreshing the process, to shorten to refresh time and attain the biggest battery capacity, and prevent°from the battery Bad.The A VR has already led the one step in the competition, is prove is perfect control chip of the next generation charger. The microprocessor of Atmel A VR is current and can provide Flash, EEPROM and 10 ADCses by single slice on the market Of 8 RISC microprocessors of the tallest effect.Because the saving machine of procedure is a Flash, therefore can need not elephant MASK ROM Similar, have a few software editions a few model numbers of stock.The Flash can carry on again to weave the distance before deliver goods, or in the PCB Stick after pack carry on weaving the distance through an ISP again, thus allow to carry on the software renewal in the last one minute.The EEPROM can used for conservancy mark certainly coefficient and the battery characteristic parameter, such as the conservancy refreshes record with the battery that raise the actual usage Capacity.10 A/ Ds conversion machine can provide the enough diagraph accuracy, making the capacity of the good empress even near to its biggest capacity. And other project for attaining this purpose, possible demand the ADC of the exterior, not only take up the space of PCB, but also raised the system Cost.The A VR is thus deluxe language but 8 microprocessors of the designs of unique needleobject" C" currently.The AT90S4433 reference The design is with" C" to write, the elucidation carries on the software design's is what and simple with the deluxe language.Code of C this design is very Carry on adjust easily to suit current and future battery.But the ATtiny15 reference design then use edit collected materials the language to write of, with Acquire the biggest code density.An electric appliances of the modern consumption mainly uses as follows four kinds of batteries:1.Seal completely the sour battery of lead( SLA)2.The battery of NiCd3.The NiMHhydrogen battery( NiMH)4.Lithium battery( Li- Ion)At right choice battery and refresh the calculate way need to understand the background knowledge of these batteries. Seal completely the sour battery( SLA) of lead seals completely the sour battery of lead to mainly used for the more important situation of the cost ratio space and weights, such as the UPS and report to the police the backup battery of the system.The battery of SLA settles the electric voltage to carry on , assist limits to avoid with the electric current at refresh the process of early battery lead the heat.Want ～only the electricity .The pond unit electric voltage does not exceed the provision( the typical model is worth for the 2.2 Vs) of produce the company, the battery of SLA can refresh without limit.The battery of NiCd battery of NiCd use very widespread currently.Its advantage is an opposite cheapness, being easy to the usage;Weakness is from turn on electricity the rate higher.The battery of NiCd of the typical model can refresh 1,000 times.The expired mechanism mainly is a pole to turn over.The first in the battery pack drive over.The unit that all turn on electricity will take place the reversal.For prevent°froming damage the battery wrap, needing to supervise and control the electric voltage without a break.Once unit electric voltage Descend the 1.0 Vs must shut down.The battery of NiCd carries on refresh in settling the electric current by forever . The NiMH hydrogen battery( NiMH) holds to shoot the elephant machine 26 such as the cellular phone, hand in the hand that the importance measure hold equipments, the etc. NiMHhydrogen battery is an usage the most wide.This kind of battery permit.The quantity is bigger than NiCd's.Because lead to refresh and will result in battery of NiMH lose efficacy, carry on measuring by the square in refresh process with.Stop is count for much in fit time.Similar to battery of NiCd, the pole turn over the battery also will damage.Battery of NiMH of from turn on electricity the rate and is probably 20%/ month.Similar to battery of NiCd, the battery of NiMH also settles the electric current to refresh .Other batteries says compare in lithium battery( Li- Ion) and this texts, the lithium battery has the tallest energy/ weight to compare to compare with energy/ physical volume.Lithium battery Settle the electric voltage to carry on refresh with , want to have the electric current restrict to lead the heat in the early battery of refresh the process by avoid at the same time.When refresh the electric current.Descend to produce the minimum electric current of the enactment of company will stop refresh.Leading to refresh will result in battery damage, even exploding.The safety of the battery refreshes the fast charge machine( namely battery can at small be filled with the electricity in 3 hours, is usually a hour) demand of the modern.Can to the unit electric voltage, refresh the electric current and the battery temperatures to carry on to measure by。
锂离子电池的充电器设计
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实现了电池充电、LED指示、保护机制及异常处理等充电器所需要的基本功能。
本文对锂离子电池的参数特性、充电原理与充电方法进行了详尽的描述，并提出了充电器的设计思想和系统结构。
该电路具有安全快速充电功能，可以广泛应用于室内外单节锂离子电池的充电，如手机、数码产品电池等。
关键词：锂离子电池，充电器，硬件电路，软件设计The design of charger about lithium-batteryAbstractThis design uses SCM system for the control of core, it includes the pilot lamp circuit on system, sampling circuit about voltage and temperature, the causes about standard voltage and switch controls. The circuit achieves charging battery, LED instructions, the protection mechanism and exception handling, and other functions. This paper introduces the following things: parameters of lithium-battery, principles and methods on charge, design thinkings and system structure about charger, and it describes the functional mode of the charger in detail,moreover it proposes the thinking of plan and structure of a system.The circuit which be planed have functions of safety,rapid and so on. It can use in the charge of Lithium-ion battery that is only far-ranging,such as the battery of cellphone,digital product and so on.Key words: Lithium-ion battery, Charger, Hardware circuit, Software design1目录1 引言 (1)1.1 课题研究背景 (1)1.2充电器功能描述 (2)2 系统设计框架与技术参数 (3)2.1 系统设计框架 (3)2.2 锂离子电池特性 (4)2.2.1 锂离子电池参数特性 (4)2.2.2 锂离子电池的放电特性 (4)2.2.3 锂离子电池的充电特性 (5)2.3 锂电池充电方法 (6)2.3.1 恒流充电（CC） (6)2.3.2恒压充电（CV） (6)2.3.3 恒流恒压充电（CC/CV） (7)2.3.4 脉冲充电 (7)2.4 系统技术参数 (8)3 充电器硬件设计 (9)3.1 系统指示灯电路 (9)3.2 电源电压与环境温度采样电路 (10)3.3 精确基准电源产生电路 (11)3.4 开关控制电路 (11)4 充电器软件设计 (12)4.1 系统软件总体设计思路 (12)4.2 系统主流程 (12)4.3 充电流程设计 (14)4.4 程序设计 (15)5 总结 (16)致谢 (16)参考文献 (16)附录一系统整体电路图 (18)附录二程序清单 (19)1 引言1.1 课题研究背景近年来，各种携带式的电子产品成为市场上的热门，如手机、数位相机、个人数字助理（PDA）、笔记型电脑等3C (Computer, Communication,Consumer Electronics)等等产品均朝向无线化、可携带化方向发展，对于产品的各项高性能元件也往「轻、薄、短、小」的目标迈进，因此对于体积小、重量轻、能量密度高的二次电池需求相当迫切。
基于锂电池充电器的设计与制作 附原理图和PCB
基于锂电池充电器的设计与制作附原理图和PCB| By: xdy12530 ]由于我的四轮驱动机器人上采用了16.5V的锂电池供电，而市场上又没有该电池的充电器，使得充电让我很纠结。
无奈之下便设计了一款便携式简单型锂电池充电器。
解决的充电的烦恼。
该充电器可以输出100mA-1A可调的充电电流，输入电压为VIN>18V，可用笔记本上的19V电压充电。
充电时间一般按照充电输出电流的大小决定。
下面见图哦下面讲解一下电路的工作原理。
因为我是给16.5V的锂电池充电的，所以输入的电压为18V电压，也可以大于18V。
用笔记本上的充电器很不错哦。
输入电压18V经过1.5A的保险丝，二极管保护后到PNP功率管的输入端。
默认状态功率管是出于导通状态，因为LM324的1脚输出高，Q3三极管导通，PNP功率管基极拉低，功率管导通。
其中RL1电阻为1欧姆，是用来限流的。
通过对该电阻上的电压采样，然后经过LM324对基准电压的比较后取出一个电压值，由这个电压值控制功率管的输出电流，始终在一个极限电流上，或者说是短路电流上，我设置的为500MA。
大家可以调节可调电阻来调节短路电流。
另外还有一个对锂电池电压的采样，当电池没插入时，末级保护二极管通过两个电阻乘以功率管输出的17.5v电压进行分压后的一个电压值给LM324与基准比较输出给三极管，此时绿灯亮，当电池没电时充电插入充电座后，采样电阻R6,R7所采样到的电压变低，同时给LM324与基准电压比较后，红灯亮。
当充满电后采样部分的电压等于基准电压，绿灯变亮，此时充电完成。
但充电过程仍会以小电流的充电方式充电。
下面见实物图哦这是充电器的实物正面图，左边为DC18V输入，右边为VOUT充电输出接口，左边一个电位器调节输出电流，右边一个电位器调节双色LED状态门槛值。
这是电路板的反面PCB图，由于换了一个功率管，使得跟当初设计时的功率管的管脚有区别，所以做了一下小改动。
这是正在给我的电池充电，呵呵，现在是红灯，等充满电后会跳绿灯，同时锂电池的保护芯片自动工作，切断输入。
锂电池充电器方案
锂电池是目前最为常用的可充电电池之一，其具有高能量密度、长循环寿命和较低的自放电率等优点，因此在移动电子设备、电动车辆和储能系统中广泛应用。
充电器是锂电池应用中不可或缺的设备，负责为锂电池提供合适的充电电流和电压，确保锂电池的安全充电和寿命。
本文将介绍锂电池充电器的方案，主要从充电器的工作原理、充电器的主要类型、充电器的设计要点和锂电池充电器市场的发展趋势等方面展开。
一、锂电池充电器的工作原理锂电池充电器的工作原理基于恒流充电和恒压充电两种工作模式。
在恒流充电模式下，充电器通过输出稳定的电流来充电锂电池，直到电池的电压达到预设的充电终止电压。
而在恒压充电模式下，充电器保持输出恒定的电压，直到电池的充电电流衰减到预设的充电终止电流。
通常，在锂电池的初期阶段采用恒流充电模式，然后转变为恒压充电模式。
二、锂电池充电器的主要类型根据充电方式的不同，锂电池充电器可以分为慢充器、快速充电器和智能充电器。
1.慢充器慢充器主要用于对锂电池进行低电流充电，具有充电速度较慢但对电池寿命的影响较小的特点。
慢充器主要适用于低功率应用场景，如手持设备和小型电子产品充电等。
2.快速充电器快速充电器是为了满足用户对充电速度的要求而设计的，能够以更高的电流充电锂电池。
快速充电器主要适用于大功率应用场景，如电动车辆和储能系统等。
3.智能充电器智能充电器结合了慢充器和快速充电器的优点，具有多种充电模式和可变充电电流的功能。
智能充电器能够根据不同的电池类型和充电需求进行智能识别和调整，提供最佳的充电方案，并能够监测电池的充电状态和保护电池的安全。
三、锂电池充电器的设计要点1.充电电流和电压控制在设计锂电池充电器时，需要考虑合适的充电电流和电压。
充电电流过大会导致电池的温度升高和寿命缩短，而充电电流过小则会延长充电时间。
充电电压过高或过低都对电池的安全和寿命产生影响。
因此，充电器需要具备恒流恒压控制功能，通过负反馈控制回路来调节充电电流和电压。
锂离子电池专业英语
锂离子电池常用专业英语（一）序号首字母英文中文1 A aging 老化2 B battery charger 充电器3 black-fleck 黑斑4 C cap 盖板5 capacity density 能量密度6 capacity grading 分容7 cathode tab welding 极耳超焊8 cell 电芯9 charge(capacity) retention 荷电（容量）保持10 checking code 检码11 concave spot 凹点12 constant current charge 恒流充电13 constant current discharge 恒流放电14 constant voltage charge 恒压充电15 corrective measures 纠正措施16 crack 裂纹17 cut-off voltage 终止电压18 cycle life 循环寿命19 D dark trace 暗痕20 degrade 降级21 dent 凹痕22 discharge depth 放电深度23 distortion 变形24 drape 打折25 E Electrical and MechanicalServices Department 机电部26 electrolyte 电解，电解液27 empaistic 压纹28 end-off voltage 放电截止电压29 environmentally friendly 对环境友好30 equipment first inspection 设备首检31 erode 腐蚀32 explosion-proof line 防爆线33 F first inspection 首检34 formation 化成35 fracture 断裂36 I inspection 检验37 insulate 绝缘38 internal resistance 内阻39 J jellyroll 卷芯40 joint 接缝，结合点42 laser reticle 激光刻线43 laser welding-flatwise weld 激光焊接-平焊laser welding-standing weld 激光焊接-立焊44 leakage 漏液45 leak-checking 测漏46 leaving out of welding 漏焊47 limited charge voltage 充电限制电压48 local action 自放电49 M margin turnly 翘边50 measuring the dimension of cells 电芯卡尺寸51 meet requirement 达到要求52 memory effects 记忆效应53 N nick 划痕54 nominal voltage 标称电压55 notice-board confirmation 看板确认56 nugget 硬块57 O obverse 正面58 open circuit voltage 开路电压59 over charge 过充60 over discharge 过放61 over the thickness 超厚62 P particle 颗粒63 PE membrane PE膜64 pit 坑点65 placing cells into the box 电芯装盒66 point inspection 点检67 preventive measures 预防措施68 pricking the tapes 扎孔69 process inspection 制程检验70 put the battery piled up 将电芯叠放在一起71 Q qualified products 合格品72 quality assurance 质量保证73 quality control 质量控制74 quality improvement 质量改进75 quality match 品质配对76 quality planning 质量策划77 R rated capacity 额定容量78 recharge 再充电79 refitting the can of cell 电芯壳口整形80 requirment 要求81 reverse 背面，反面82 rework 返工83 ringing cells into pyrocondensation films 套热缩膜85 sand aperture 砂眼86 scar 疤痕87 secondary battery 二次电池88 select appearance 选外观sharp-set 批锋89 short circuit checking 测短路90 smudginess 污物91 spot welding by laser 激光点焊92 spot welding place 点焊位置93 spraying the code 喷码94 spur 毛刺95 sticking the PVC cover boards 贴面垫96 storing 陈化97 storing with high voltage 高压储存98 T tabs deflection 极耳歪斜99 tabs excursion 极耳错位100 technics requiment 工艺要求101 U ultrasonic welding 超声波焊接102 ultrasonic welding strength 超焊强度103 unqualified products 不合格品104 W wave 波浪105 working procedure 工序（二）盖板cover board底板solepiece钢珠steel ball压钢珠press steel ball防爆阀valve preventing explosion大电流(倍率)放电discharge in high rate current标称电压Normal voltage标称容量normal capacity放电容量discharge capacity充电上限电压limited voltage in charge放电下限电压terminating voltage in discharge恒流充电constant current charge恒压充电constant voltage charge恒流放电constant current discharge放电曲线discharge curve充电曲线charge curve放电平台discharge voltage plateau容量衰减capacity attenuation起始容量initial discharge capacity流水线pipelining传送带carrying tape焊极耳welding the current collector卷绕wind叠片layer贴胶带stick tape点焊spot welding超声焊ultrasonic welding三元素Nickle-Cobalt-Manganese Lithium Oxide three elements materials 钴酸锂Cobalt Lithium Oxide锰酸锂Manganese Lithium Oxide石墨graphite烘箱oven真空烘箱vacuum oven搅拌机mixing device vacuum mixing device涂布机coating equipment裁纸刀paper knife ,,,,,,cutting knife分条机equipment for cutting big piece to much pieces辊压机roll press equipment电阻点焊机spot welding machine超声点焊机ultrasonic spot welding machine卷绕机winder自动叠片机auto laminating machine激光焊机laser welding machine注液机infusing machine真空注液机vacuum infusion machine预充柜pre-charge equipment化成柜formation systems分容柜grading systems测试柜testing systems内阻仪battery inner resistance tester万用表multimeter转盘式真空封口机turntable type vacuum sealing machine自动冲膜机automatic aluminum membrane shaper锂离子电池设计专业英语Capacity 容量Battery Thickness 电池厚度Battery width 电池宽度Battery length 电池高度Impedance 内阻Can thickness 壳体厚度Can wall thickness 壳体壁厚Can bottom thikness 壳体底部厚度Can lid thickness 壳体盖板厚度PP film thickness PP胶厚度Ni (AL) tab thickness Ni（Al）极耳厚度Battery width 电池宽度Can width margin 电池宽度留边Can length 壳体长度Can cross area 壳体体积Winding pin width 卷针宽度Can Side residue 壳边残余Naked battery thickness 裸漏电池厚度Naked battery width 裸漏电池宽度Naked battery length 裸漏电池高度Cathode formulation 阴极含量Cathode material specific capacity 阴极克比容量Cathode 阴极装填Cathode area density 阴极面密度Cathode bulk density 阴极体积密度Cathode weight 阴极重量Cathode thickness 阴极厚度Cathode elongation rate 延伸率Cathode actual length 阴极实际长度Cathode design length 阴极设计长度Cathode width 阴极宽度Cathode Scratched area width 阴极涂片宽度Al foil density 铝箔密度Al foil thickness 铝箔厚度Cathode weight 阴极重量Separator thickness 隔离膜厚度Separator length 隔离膜长度Separator width 隔离膜宽度Separator density 隔离膜密度Separator weight 隔离膜重量Anode formulation 阳极含量Anode material specific capacity 阳极克容量Anode loading 阳极装填量Anode area density 阳极面密度Anode bulk density 阳极体积密度Anode thickness 阳极厚度Anode length 阳极长度Anode width 阳极宽度Anode scratched area width 阳极刮粉区宽度Cu foil density 铜箔密度Cu foil thickness 铜箔厚度Anode weight 阳极重量Cathode Tab length 阴极极耳长Cathode Tab width 阴极极耳宽Cathode Tab thickness 阴极极耳厚度Anode Tab length 阳极极耳长度Anode Tab width 阳极极耳宽度Anode Tab thickness 阳极极耳厚度Adhesive tape Length 胶带长度Adhesive tape Width 胶带宽度Adhesive tape thickness 胶带厚度Assembly adhesive tape 装配胶带Bottom length 底部长度Bottom Width 底部宽度Bottom Thickness 底部厚度Top length 顶部长度Top Width 顶部宽度Top Thickness 顶部厚度Welding length 焊接长度Welding Width 焊接宽度Welding Thickness 焊接厚度Electrolyte 电解液Battery Impedance 电心内阻Battery weight 电池重量Can wall thickness 壳体壁厚Can bottom thikness 壳体底厚Can lid thickness 盖板厚度Can width margin 壳体边缘宽度Can Side residue 壳体留边Cathode formulation 阴极含量Cathode material specific capacity 阴极克容量Cathode area density 阴极面密度Cathode bulk density 阴极体积密度Cathode elongation rate 阴极延伸率Cathode scratched area width/Pin width 阴极刮粉宽Al foil density 铝箔密度Al foil thickness 铝箔厚度Separator thickness 隔离膜厚度Separator density 隔离膜密度Anode formulation 阳极含量Anode material specific capacity 阳极克容量Anode bulk density 阳极体积密度Anode Scratched area width 阳极刮粉区宽度Cu foil density 铜箔密度Cu foil thickness 铜箔厚度。
锂电池充电器的设计-精品剖析
锂电池充电器的设计摘要锂离子电池由于能量密度高和长循环寿命等优点，在便携式设备中得到了广泛的应用。
充电管理是锂电池管理的重要组成部分，安全、可靠、快速、高效的锂电池充电器对锂电池的性能及应用起着至关重要的作用。
本文从锂电池的结构原理着手，通过对锂电池性能及常用充电方法的研究，分析了充电过程及充电方法对锂电池性能的影响，并在此基础上设计了一款智能锂离子的充电器。
此充电器可对目前市场上具有的各种型号和容量的锂电池进行快速安全的充电。
采用这种方案进行锂电池充电器的开发具有成本廉价和易于编程升级的优点，有着广阔的市场前景。
在硬件方面，完成了单片机系统的设计，包括系统电压、电流、温度的采样及功能按键等。
软件方面，采用模块化的程序设计，介绍了模块划分和各模块的功能，实现的具体算法，给出了流程图，并根据系统工作需求进行了低功耗和软件抗干扰设计，确保了系统运行的可靠稳定性。
本设计提高了充电器智能化水平，更精确的实现充电过程控制，保护电池，延长电池寿命。
关键词：ADC（模数转换）；PWM（脉宽调制）；C8051F300 单片机The design of lithium battery chargerAbstractLithium battery is being widely used in the suitable selection for portable application for their high energy density and long life. Charging management is the essential part in battery management. Safe, reliable, fast and high efficient charger guarantees good performance and application of the battery.The structure, performance and charging method of Lithium battery is studied in this thesis. And different impacts on the performance of battery via different charging ways and process are analyzed in detail, based on which, an intelligent charger for Lithium battery is designed.The charger can charge all kinds of lithium batteries quickly and safely. Exploiting the charger of lithium batteries this way has the advantage of low cost and easy to upgrade in programming, which has a vast market prospect.In hardware，the thesis achieves the hardware detail circuit including the MCU system，voltage，current，temperature sampling circuit and key-press. In software, the design adopts modular procedures，which analysis the plotting and function of each module，and the specific way of realization，are introduced. According to the work demands of the system，low power consumption and software anti-interference are designed，which in sure the safety and reliability of the system. The design can improves the intellectualization level of the battery charger, realize the control to the charge process more precisely, and lengthens the battery life.Key Words:ADC; PWM; C8051F300目录摘要 (I)ABSTRACT (II)第一章绪论 (1)1.1课题背景 (1)1.2锂离子电池的工作原理 (2)1.3锂离子电池的电特性及充电方式 (3)1.3.1 锂离子电池的充放电特性 (3)1.3.2 锂电池的充电方法 (4)1.4课题意义 (7)第二章系统的硬件设计 (8)2.1系统的整体设计方案 (8)2.2充电电路的设计与实现 (10)2.2.1 单片机选型 (10)2.2.2 电源模块的设计 (11)2.2.3 单片机外围电路的设计 (12)2.2.4 快速转换器的设计 (13)2.2.5 快速调节器操作 (14)2.2.6 选择快速转换器的电感 (15)2.2.7 JTAG口设计 (15)2.3锂离子电池的充电过程 (17)2.4充电过程参数控制 (18)第三章PCB板布线 (20)第四章系统的软件设计 (22)4.1系统软件设计的组成部分 (22)4.1.1 主程序 (22)4.1.2 校准ADC子程序 (24)4.1.3 监测电池子程序 (25)4.1.4 快速充电子程序 (26)4.1.5 低电流充电子程序 (27)4.1.6 关闭PWM子程序 (28)4.1.7 测量子程序 (28)4.1.8 调节电压子程序 (29)4.1.9 调节电流子程序 (30)4.1.10 中断服务程序 (31)4.2系统软件调试 (32)第五章结论 (34)参考文献 (35)附录A 锂电池充电器原理图 (36)附录B 锂电池充电器的PCB板 (37)附录C 锂电池充电器程序设计 (38)致谢 (58)第一章绪论1.1 课题背景随着信息技术的迅猛发展，信息化正以不可思议的速度渗透到各个领域，电池作为一项传统产业，正经历着前所未有的变革，特别是在通信、动力及军用领域，对电池均有新的要求，为了满足市场的需求，智能电池应运而生。
锂电池设计容量计算公式
锂电池设计容量计算公式
锂电池设计容量计算公式可以使用下面的公式：
设计容量 = 额定电压 ×容量系数 ×可充放电率
其中：
- 额定电压：指的是电池的额定工作电压，一般是锂电池的标
称电压，比如3.7V。
- 容量系数：是一个表示电池可利用的容量与理论容量之间的
比例关系的修正系数，一般取值在0.8到0.9之间。
- 可充放电率：指的是电池充放电周期内，所能释放或存储的
能量与设计容量之间的比例关系，一般取值在0.8到0.9之间。
请注意，这里的设计容量是指电池可以实际存储或释放的能量量，与电池的理论容量有所差别。
中文翻译-锂电池充电器的设计
锂电池充电器的设计介绍根据其尺寸，重量和能量储存优点，锂- 离子可再充电电池正在被用于许多的应用领域。
这些电池已经被考虑为优先的电池于手提式计算机的应用,移置NiMH 和 NiCad电池,而且行动电话正在飞快地成为锂电池的第二个主要的市场。
理由是明显的。
锂- 离子的电池提供很多的好处对与终端消费者。
对于手提式计算机来说,锂- 离子电池在相同条件和大小并减少重量的情况下能够提供比NiCad 和 NiMH更为持久的电力。
相同的优点对于蜂窝电话更是真实的。
一个电话能被做得更小和更轻如果使用李- 离子的电池的话而不牺牲续航时间。
当锂- 离子的电池费用降下来的话,甚至更多的应用将会转变到这一个更轻巧和更小巧的技术上来。
当消费者一直要求方便的时候，市场的趋势表明一个持续不断的增长在所有的可再充电的电池中。
根据以前市场的资料大约在 1997年的时候表明大约二亿个锂-离子电芯将会被装船运送,相比较于 600 百万个NiMH的电芯。
然而,有必要说明的是三个NiMH 的电芯相当于一个锂- 离子的电芯在被包裹为电池包装的时候。
因此，真实的体积对两者来说是非常接近一样的。
1997年也被标记为第一年锂- 离子作为电池类型用于在大多数的手提式的计算机中, 移置NiMH 为高端领域中。
资料显示1997年在欧洲和日本电池电芯市场表现出一个变化对于锂- 离子在多数的电话的应用中。
锂- 离子的电池是一种令人兴奋的电池技术必须给于高度的关注。
要想了解这些新的电池，这设计引导者解释这些原则，要价需求以及符合这些需求的线路。
随着越来越多的手持式电器的出现，对高性能、小尺寸、重量轻的电池充电器的需求也越来越大。
电池技术的持续进步也要求更复杂的充电算法以实现快速、安全的充电。
因此需要对充电过程进行更精确的监控，以缩短充电时间、达到最大的电池容量，并防止电池损坏。
AVR 已经在竞争中领先了一步，被证明是下一代充电器的完美控制芯片。
Atmel AVR 微处理器是当前市场上能够以单片方式提供Flash、EEPROM 和10 位ADC的最高效的8 位RISC 微处理器。
中文-AL锂电规格书60V 4A
Revision No.: A01充电器中文规格书Specification of Battery Charger型号:KP6004AL69.4V/ 4A 锂电池充电器（全铝外壳）69.4V / 4A LITHIUM BATTERY CHARGERSubject to change without prior notice, please feel free to contact us for latest information.1.概述Battery Charger6004AL170×90×63mm can work normally under69.4V dc/4A and with reverse polarity protection.此型号6004AL 170×90×63mm的铝质外壳充电器能在输出69.4V dc/4A下工作，具有反接保护功能。
2.主要参数最大输出功率输入电压最大输出电压最大输出电流误差范围360W 220Vac +69.4+/-0.1Vdc 4A +/-0.1V3.环境条件No. 项目技术参数备注1 湿度5~95% 带包装2 海拔≤3000m正常工作4.技术特征4.1 输入特征：No. 项目技术参数备注1 额定输入电压220Vac110/230Vac2 电压输入范围180 ~ 264Vac3 电压输入频率50～60 Hz4.2 输出特征和充电模式：No. 项目技术参数备注1 CC (恒流充电) ≤69.4Vdc, 4A2 CV (恒压充电) 69.4Vdc,4A↓恒压=电池最大充电电压3 关断69.4V 0.2A→04 效率≥90% Vin=110Vac, rated load4.3 保护特征：No. 项目技术参数备注1 过压保护是2 限压保护充电器设置最大输出电压，不会超过电池的最大充电电压3 过热保护N/A4 限流保护是At CC mode5 短路保护短路保护后充电器会自动恢复6 反接保护当输出线接反后充电器不会工作，直到使用者接正确后方可启动4.4 充电指示灯No. 项目状态备注1 电源LED1: 红灯2 充电LED2: 红灯3 充满LED2: 绿灯4 输出电压数显否5 输出电流数显否5.安全&EMCNo. 项目标准( 或测试条件) 备注1 电气强度测试输入-输出1500V ac/10mA/1min 无故障2 绝缘电阻输入-接地≥10Mohm@500Vdc 输出-接地≥10Mohm@500Vdc3 泄露电流＜3.5mA Vin=264Vac4 安全标准CE / UL compliant5 电池兼容性EN55022:1998+A1:2000+A2:2003EN55024:1998+A1:2001+A2:2003 (EN61000-4-2:1995+A1:1998+A2:2001) EN61000-4-3:2002EN6100-4-4:1995+A1:2000+A2:2001 EN61000-4-5:1995+A1:2000EN61000-4-6:2001EN61000-4-11:2001)6 低电压测试EN60335-1:2002+EN60335-2-29:2002Remark: Discrimination A- Function OK under technical requirement range;Discrimination B- Function temporarily debasement without reposition and halt is allowed;Discrimination R- Physical damage or failure of equipment are not allowed, but damage of protection device(fuse) caused by interference signal of outside is allowed, and the whole equipment canwork normally after replacement of protection device and reset of running parameter6.环境测试要求No. 项目技术参数备注1 最高环境工作温度+40℃Features ok2 最底环境工作温度-10℃Features ok3 最高存储温度+70℃Work normally after recovery under normal temperature for 2hours4 最低存储温度-40℃Work normally after recovery under normal temperature for 2hours5 随即振动20Hz to 2000Hz 3Grms 20hours per axis6 重复震动40g peak 3 orthogonal axes, 3+ and 3- in each axis, 11ms pulse width7 热度测试-35℃to 75℃, ＜3min transition, 2.5hours dwell, 200cycle8 跌落测试BS EN60068-2-32:1993 TEST ED: freefall appendix B 7.机械特征外壳材质：铝外壳尺寸: L*W*H=170×90×63mm输入接口: meets IEC standard电源线: 1.5m length输出线: 1.5m length净重: 1.2Kg11. 充电曲线。
锂电池充电器的设计(外文资料译文)
The design of the lithium battery charger IntroductionLi-Ion rechargeable batteries are finding their way into many applications due to their size, weight and energy storage advantages.These batteries are already considered the preferred battery in portable computer applications, displacing NiMH and NiCad batteries, and cellular phones are quickly becoming the second major marketplace for Li-Ion. The reason is clear. Li-Ion batteries offer many advantages to the end consumer. In portable computers,Li-Ion battery packs offer longer run times over NiCad and NiMH packs for the same form factor and size, while reducing weight. The same advantages are true for cellular phones. A phone can be made smaller and lighter using Li-Ion batteries without sacrificing run time. As Li-Ion battery costs come down, even more applications will switch to this lighter and smaller technology. Market trends show a continual growth in all rechargeable battery types as consumers continue to demand the convenience of portability. Market data for 1997 shows that approximately 200 million cells of Li-Ion will be shipped, compared to 600 million cells of NiMH. However, it is important to note that three cells of NiMH are equivalent to one Li-Ion cell when packaged into a battery pack. Thus, the actual volume is very close to the same for both. 1997 also marked the first year Li-Ion was the battery type used in the majority of portable computers, displacing NiMH for the top spot. Data for the cellular market showed a shift to Li-Ion in the majority of phones sold in 1997 in Europe and Japan.Li-Ion batteries are an exciting battery technology that must be watched. To make sense of these new batteries, this design guide explains the fundamentals, the charging requirements andthe circuits to meet these requirements.Along with more and more the emergence of the handheld electric appliances, to the high performance, baby size, weight need of the light battery charger also more Come more big.The battery is technical to progress to also request continuously to refresh the calculate way more complicatedly is fast with the realization, safety of refresh.Therefore need Want to carry on the more accurate supervision towards refreshing the process, to shorten to refresh time and attain the biggest battery capacity, and prevent°from the batteryBad.The AVR has already led the one step in the competition, is prove is perfect control chip of the next generation charger. The microprocessor of Atmel AVR is current and can provide Flash, EEPROM and 10 ADCses by single slice on the market Of 8 RISC microprocessors of the tallest effect.Because the saving machine of procedure is a Flash, therefore can need not elephant MASK ROM Similar, have a few software editions a few model numbers of stock.The Flash can carry on again to weave the distance before deliver goods, or in the PCB Stick after pack carry on weaving the distance throughan ISP again, thus allow to carry on the software renewal in the last one minute.The EEPROM can used for conservancy mark certainly coefficient and the battery characteristic parameter, such as the conservancy refreshes record with the battery that raise the actual usage Capacity.10 A/ Ds conversion machine can provide the enough diagraph accuracy, making the capacity of the good empress even near to its biggest capacity. And other project for attaining this purpose, possible demand the ADC of the exterior, not only take up the space of PCB, but also raised the system Cost.The AVR is thus deluxe language but 8 microprocessors of the designs of unique needle object" C" currently.The AT90S4433 reference The design is with" C" to write, the elucidation carries on the software design's is what and simple with the deluxe language.Code of C this design is very Carry on adjust easily to suit current and future battery.But the ATtiny15 reference design then use edit collected materials the language to write of, with Acquire the biggest code density.An electric appliances of the modern consumption mainly uses as follows four kinds of batteries:1.Seal completely the sour battery of lead( SLA)2.The battery of NiCd3.The NiMHhydrogen battery( NiMH)4.Lithium battery( Li- Ion)At right choice battery and refresh the calculate way need to understand the background knowledge of these batteries. Seal completely the sour battery( SLA) of lead seals completely the sour battery of lead to mainly used for the more important situation of the cost ratio space and weights, such as the UPS and report to the police the backup battery of the system. The battery of SLA settles the electric voltage to carry on , assist limits to avoid with the electric current at refresh the process of early battery lead the heat.Want ～only the electricity .The pond unit electric voltage does not exceed the provision( the typical model is worth for the 2.2 Vs) of produce the company, the battery of SLA can refresh without limit. The battery of NiCd battery of NiCd use very widespread currently.Its advantage is an opposite cheapness, being easy to the usage;Weakness is from turn on electricity the rate higher.The battery of NiCd of the typical model can refresh 1,000 times.The expired mechanism mainly is a pole to turn over.The first in the battery pack drive over.The unit that all turn on electricity will take place the reversal.For prevent°froming damage the battery wrap, needing to supervise and control the electric voltage without a break.Once unit electric voltage Descend the 1.0 Vs must shut down.The battery of NiCd carries on refresh in settling the electric current by forever . The NiMH hydrogen battery( NiMH) holds to shoot the elephant machine such as the cellular phone, hand in the hand that the importance measure hold equipments, the etc. NiMHhydrogen battery is anusage the most wide.This kind of battery permit.The quantity is bigger than NiCd's.Because lead to refresh and will result in battery of NiMH lose efficacy, carry on measuring by the square in refresh process with.Stop is count for much in fit time.Similar to battery of NiCd, the pole turn over the battery also will damage.Battery of NiMH of from turn on electricity the rate and is probably 20%/ month.Similar to battery of NiCd, the battery of NiMH also settles the electric current to refresh .Other batteries says compare in lithium battery( Li- Ion) and this texts, the lithium battery has the tallest energy/ weight to compare to compare with energy/ physical volume.Lithium batterySettle the electric voltage to carry on refresh with , want to have the electric current restrict to lead the heat in the early battery of refresh the process by avoid at the same time.When refresh the electric current Descend to produce the minimum electric current of the enactment of company will stop refresh.Leading to refresh will result in battery damage, even exploding.The safety of the battery refreshes the fast charge machine( namely battery can at small be filled with the electricity in 3 hours, is usually a hour) demand of the modern.Can to the unit electric voltage, refresh the electric current and the battery temperatures to carry on to measure by the square, avoid at the time of being filled with the electricity because of leading to refresh.Result in of damage.Refresh the method SLA battery and lithium batteries refreshes the method to settle the electric voltage method to want to limit to flow for the ever ; The battery of NiCd and battery of NiMHs refresh the method.Settle the electric current method for the ever , and have severals to stop the judgment method for refresh differently. Biggest refresh the electric current biggest refresh the electric current to have relation with battery capacity( C).Biggest usually refresh the electric current to mean with the number of the battery capacity.For example,The capacity of the battery for 750 mAhs, refresh the electric current as 750 mAs, then refresh the electric current as 1 C(1 times battery capacity).IfThe electric current to flow refresh is a C/40, then refreshing the electric current for the battery capacity in addition to with 40.Lead the hot battery refresh is the process that the electric power delivers the battery.Energy by chemical reaction conservancy come down.But is not all.The electric powers all convert for the sake of the chemistry in the battery ability.Some electric power conversions became the thermal energy, having the function of the heating to the battery.When electricity.After pond be filled with, if continue to refresh, then all electric powers conversion is the thermal energy of the battery.At fast charge this will make the battery.Heat quickly, if the hour of can not compare with stop refresh and then willresult in battery damage.Therefore, while design the battery charger, to the temperature.It is count for much that carry on the supervision combine to stop refresh in time.The discretion method battery stopped refresh of different and applied situation and work environment limitted to the choice of the method that the judgment stop refresh.The sometimes temperature allow of no.Measure easily, but can measure electric voltage, or is other circumstances.This text takes the electric voltage variety rate(- dV/ dt) as the basic judgment to stopThe method for refresh, but with the temperature and absolute electric voltage be worth for assistance and backup.But the hardware support that this text describe speaks as follows.The method of the havings of say. Time of t – this method that is the decision when stop refresh most in ually used for spare project of the hour of fast charge.Sometimes also be .Refresh(14- 16 Hour) basic project of the method.Be applicable to various battery.Stop refresh when the electric voltage of V – be the electric voltage to outrun the upper ually with the forever settle the electric current refreshes the match usage.The biggest electric current is decide by the battery, usually For the 1 C.For prevent°froming refresh the electric current leads to causes battery lead greatly hot, the restrict of the electric current at this time very key.This method Is a lithium battery basic to refresh and stop project. The actual lithium battery charger usually still continues into after attain biggest electric voltage Go the second stage refresh, to attain 100% battery capacity. For battery of NiCd and battery of NiMHs are originally method can Be the spare judgment stops refreshing the project. - The method exploitation that this judgment of the dV/ dt – electric voltage variety rate stops refresh negative electric voltage variety rate.For the battery of some types, be the battery to be filled with the subsequence Refreshing continuously will cause electric voltage descend. At this time this project was very fit.This method usually useds for the ever to settle the electric current to refresh, Be applicable to to the fast charge of the battery of NiCd and battery of NiMH. The electric current of I –is to refresh the electric current small in a certain the number that set in advance stop refresh. Usually used for the ever to settle the electric voltage to refresh the method.Be applicable to the SLA Battery and lithium battery.The T – temperature absolute zero can be the basis that battery of NiCd and battery of NiMHs stop refresh, but even suited for to be the backup project.Any battery for temperature to outrun initial value have to stop refresh.The basis that the dT/ dt –temperature rising velocity fast charge variety rate of the temperature of hour can be to stop refresh.Please consult the norm that the battery produces the company( battery of NiCdOf typical model be worth for the 1 oC/ min) the –be applicable to the battery of NiCd and battery of NiMHs.Need to stop refresh when the DT – outrun the temperature value of theenvironment temperature to be the bad battery temperature and the environment temperature to exceed the certain threshold.This method can be the battery of NiCd and The project that battery of SLA stops refresh.While refreshing in the cold environment this method compares the absolute zero to judge the method better.Because bigMost systems usually only have a temperature to stretch forward, have to will refresh the previous temperature to be the environment temperature. DV/ dt=0 –s zero electric voltages differ this method with- the method of dV/ dt is very and similar, and more accurate under the condition that electric voltage will not go up again. Be applicable to the NiCd Battery and battery of NiMH.This reference design completely carried out the battery charger design of latest technique, can carry on to various popular battery type quicklyRefresh but need not to modify the hardware soon, a hardware terrace carries out a charger product line of integrity.Need only Want to will refresh the calculate way to pass lately the ISP downloads the processor of FLASH saving machine can get the new model number.Show very muchHowever, this kind of method can shorten time that new product appear on market consumedly, and need a kind of hardware of stock only.This design provide The in keeping with SLA, NiCd, NiMH of the integrity and the database function of the battery of Li- Ion.介绍根据其尺寸，重量和能量储存优点，锂- 离子可再充电电池正在被用于许多的应用领域。
锂电池充电器设计原理
锂电池充电器设计原理
一．锂电池特性：
锂离子(Li-Ion)和锂聚合物(Li-Pol)电池具有重量轻，容量大，内阻小的特点，因而广泛使用。
但是它有极容易损坏，如果不按照它的充电特性，可充电次数将大大折扣。
1.锂电池充电分为以下四个阶段：
1).PRECHARGE 当电压降低到2.3V以下
2).CONST CURRENT CHARGE 电压在2.3V到4.2V之间
3).CONST VOLTAGE CHARGE 当电压>= 4.2V
4).TRICKLE CHAGE 当充电电流小于某个值
2.四个阶段说明：
1).precharge 一般取20mA, 预充10分钟
2).const charge 一般取0.2C, 充至4.2V,其间要求监视电池温度
3).const voltage charge 充至 < 某个电流值
4).trickle charge 当3结束后，以某一个极小的电流平衡自放电
二．充电流程：
三. 充电电路:
三菱的充电专用IC M62242
如图: 首先充电电流通过P-MOSFET调整管,流到0.1R的恒流取样电阻,经过一个二极管加到电池上.
TYPE端口为电池类型识别
TH 端口接电池的NTC,作为温度保护电路。
电池充电器设计外文翻译文献
电池充电器设计外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)The design of the lithium battery chargerIntroductionLi-Ion rechargeable batteries are finding their way into many applications due to their size, weight and energy storage advantages.These batteries are already considered the preferred battery in portable computer applications, displacing NiMH and NiCad batteries, and cellular phones are quickly becoming the second major marketplace for Li-Ion. The reason is clear. Li-Ion batteries offer many advantages to the end consumer. In portable computers,Li-Ion battery packs offer longer run times over NiCad and NiMH packs for the same form factor and size, while reducing weight. The same advantages are true for cellular phones. A phone can be made smaller and lighter using Li-Ion batteries without sacrificing run time. As Li-Ion battery costs come down, even more applications will switch to this lighter and smaller technology. Market trends show a continual growth in all rechargeablebattery types as consumers continue to demand the convenience of portability. Market data for 1997 shows that approximately 200 million cells of Li-Ion will be shipped, compared to 600 million cells of NiMH. However, it is important to note that three cells of NiMH are equivalent to one Li-Ion cell when packaged into a battery pack. Thus, the actual volume is very close to the same for both. 1997 also marked the first year Li-Ion was the battery type used in the majority of portable computers, displacing NiMH for the top spot. Data for the cellular market showed a shift to Li-Ion in the majority of phones sold in 1997 in Europe and Japan.Li-Ion batteries are an exciting battery technology that must be watched. To make sense of these new batteries, this design guide explains the fundamentals, the charging requirements and the circuits to meet these requirements.Along with more and more the emergence of the handheld electric appliances, to the high performance, baby size, weight need of the light battery charger also more Come more big.The battery is technical to progress to also request continuously to refresh the calculate way more complicatedly is fast with the realization, safety of refresh.Therefore need Want to carry on the more accurate supervision towards refreshing the process, to shorten to refresh time and attain the biggest battery capacity, and prevent°from the battery Bad.The A VR has already led the one step in the competition, is prove is perfect control chip of the next generation charger. The microprocessor of Atmel A VR is current and can provide Flash, EEPROM and 10 ADCses by single slice on the market Of 8 RISC microprocessors of the tallest effect.Because the saving machine of procedure is a Flash, therefore can need not elephant MASK ROM Similar, have a few software editions a few model numbers of stock.The Flash can carry on again to weave the distance before deliver goods, or in the PCB Stick after pack carry on weaving the distance through an ISP again, thus allow to carry on the software renewal in the last one minute.The EEPROM can used for conservancy mark certainly coefficient and the battery characteristic parameter, such as the conservancy refreshes record with the battery that raise the actual usage Capacity.10 A/ Ds conversion machine can provide the enough diagraph accuracy, making the capacity of the good empress even near to its biggest capacity. And other project for attaining this purpose, possible demand the ADC of the exterior, not only take up the space of PCB, but also raised the system Cost.The A VR is thus deluxe language but 8 microprocessors of the designs of unique needle object" C" currently.The AT90S4433 reference The design is with" C" to write, the elucidation carries on the software design's is what and simple with the deluxe language.Code of C this design is very Carry on adjust easily to suit current and future battery.But the ATtiny15 reference design then use edit collected materials the language to write of, with Acquire the biggest code density.An electric appliances of the modern consumption mainly uses as follows four kinds of batteries:1.Seal completely the sour battery of lead( SLA)2.The battery of NiCd3.The NiMHhydrogen battery( NiMH)4.Lithium battery( Li- Ion)At right choice battery and refresh the calculate way need to understand the background knowledge of these batteries. Seal completely the sour battery( SLA) of lead seals completely the sour battery of lead to mainly used for the more important situation of the cost ratio space and weights, such as the UPS and report to the police the backup battery of the system.The battery of SLA settles the electric voltage to carry on , assist limits to avoid with the electric current at refresh the process of early battery lead the heat.Want ～only the electricity .The pond unit electric voltage does not exceed the provision( the typical model is worth for the 2.2 Vs) of produce the company, the battery of SLA can refresh without limit.The battery of NiCd battery of NiCd use very widespread currently.Its advantage is an opposite cheapness, being easy to the usage;Weakness is from turn on electricity the rate higher.The battery of NiCd of the typical model can refresh 1,000 times.The expired mechanism mainly is a pole to turn over.The first in the battery pack drive over.The unit that all turn on electricity will take place the reversal.For prevent°froming damage the battery wrap, needing to supervise and control the electric voltage without a break.Once unit electric voltage Descend the 1.0 Vs must shut down.The battery of NiCd carries on refresh in settling the electric current by forever . The NiMH hydrogen battery( NiMH) holds to shoot the elephant machine 26 such as the cellular phone, hand in the hand that the importance measure hold equipments, the etc.NiMHhydrogen battery is an usage the most wide.This kind of battery permit.The quantity is bigger than NiCd's.Because lead to refresh and will result in battery of NiMH lose efficacy, carry on measuring by the square in refresh process with.Stop is count for much in fit time.Similar to battery of NiCd, the pole turn over the battery also will damage.Battery of NiMH of from turn on electricity the rate and is probably 20%/ month.Similar to battery of NiCd, the battery of NiMH also settles the electric current to refresh .Other batteries says compare in lithium battery( Li- Ion) and this texts, the lithium battery has the tallest energy/ weight to compare to compare with energy/ physical volume.Lithium battery Settle the electric voltage to carry on refresh with , want to have the electric current restrict to lead the heat in the early battery of refresh the process by avoid at the same time.When refresh the electric current.Descend to produce the minimum electric current of the enactment of company will stop refresh.Leading to refresh will result in battery damage, even exploding.The safety of the battery refreshes the fast charge machine( namely battery can at small be filled with the electricity in 3 hours, is usually a hour) demand of the modern.Can to the unit electric voltage, refresh the electric current and the battery temperatures to carry on to measure by the square, avoid at the time of being filled with the electricity because of leading to refresh.Result in damage.Refresh the method SLA battery and lithium batteries refreshes the method to settle the electric voltage method to want to limit to flow for the ever ; The battery of NiCd and battery of NiMHs refresh the method.Settle the electric current method for the ever , and have severals to stop the judgment method for refresh differently.Biggest refresh the electric current biggest refresh the electric current to have relation with battery capacity( C).Biggest usually refresh the electric current to mean with the number of the battery capacity.For example,The capacity of the battery for 750 mAhs, refresh the electric current as 750 mAs, then refresh the electric current as 1 C(1 times battery capacity).If the electric current to flow refresh is a C/40, then refreshing the electric current for the battery capacity in addition to with 40.Lead the hot battery refresh is the process that the electric power delivers the battery.Energy by chemical reaction conservancy come down.But is not all.The electric powers all convert for the sake of the chemistry in the battery ability.Some electric power conversions became the thermal energy, having the function ofthe heating to the battery.When electricity.After pond be filled with, if continue to refresh, then all electric powers conversion is the thermal energy of the battery.At fast charge this will make the battery.Heat quickly, if the hour of can not compare with stop refresh and then will result in battery damage.Therefore, while design the battery charger, to the temperature.It is count for much that carry on the supervision combine to stop refresh in time.The discretion method battery stopped refresh of different and applied situation and work environment limitted to the choice of the method that the judgment stop refresh.The sometimes temperature allow of no.Measure easily, but can measure electric voltage, or is other circumstances.This text takes the electric voltage variety rate(- dV/ dt) as the basic judgment to stop.The method for refresh, but with the temperature and absolute electric voltage be worth for assistance and backup.But the hardware support that this text describe speaks as follows.The method of the havings of say.Time of t –this method that is the decision when stop refresh most in ually used for spare project of the hour of fast charge.Sometimes also be .Refresh(14- 16 Hour) basic project of the method.Be applicable to various battery.Stop refresh when the electric voltage of V – be the electric voltage to outrun the upper ually with the forever settle the electric current refreshes the match usage.The biggest electric current is decide by the battery, usually For the 1 C.For prevent froming refresh the electric current leads to causes battery lead greatly hot, the restrict of the electric current at this time very key.This method Is a lithium battery basic to refresh and stop project. The actual lithium battery charger usually still continues into after attain biggest electric voltage Go the second stage refresh, to attain 100% battery capacity. For battery of NiCd and battery of NiMHs are originally method can Be the spare judgment stops refreshing the project.The method exploitation that this judgment of the dV/ dt – electric voltage variety rate stops refresh negative electric voltage variety rate.For the battery of some types, be the battery to be filled with the subsequence Refreshing continuously will cause electric voltage descend. At this time this project was very fit.This method usually useds for the ever to settle the electric current to refresh, Be applicable to to the fast charge of the battery of NiCd and battery of NiMH. The electric current of I – is to refresh the electric current small in a certainthe number that set in advance stop refresh. Usually used for the ever to settle the electric voltage to refresh the method.Be applicable to the SLA Battery and lithium battery.The T –temperature absolute zero can be the basis that battery of NiCd and battery of NiMHs stop refresh, but even suited for to be the backup project.Any battery for temperature to outrun initial value have to stop refresh.The basis that the dT/ dt – temperature rising velocity fast charge variety rate of the temperature of hour can be to stop refresh.Please consult the norm that the battery produces the company( battery of NiCdOf typical model be worth for the 1 oC/ min) the – be applicable to the battery of NiCd and battery of NiMHs.Need to stop refresh when the DT – outrun the temperature value of the environment temperature to be the bad battery temperature and the environment temperature to exceed the certain threshold.This method can be the battery of NiCd and The project that battery of SLA stops refresh.While refreshing in the cold environment this method compares the absolute zero to judge the method better.Because most systems usually only have a temperature to stretch forward, have to will refresh the previous temperature to be the environment temperature.DV/ dt=0 –s zero electric voltages differ this method with- the method of dV/ dt is very and similar, and more accurate under the condition that electric voltage will not go up again. Be applicable to the NiCd Battery and battery of NiMH.This reference design completely carried out the battery charger design of latest technique, can carry on to various popular battery type quicklyRefresh but need not to modify the hardware soon, a hardware terrace carries out a charger product line of integrity.Need only Want to will refresh the calculate way to pass lately the ISP downloads the processor of FLASH saving machine can get the new model number.However, this kind of method can shorten time that new product appear on market consumedly, and need a kind of hardware of stock only.This design provide The in keeping with SLA, NiCd, NiMH of the integrity and the database function of the battery of Li- Ion.锂电池充电器的设计介绍:根据其尺寸，重量和能量储存优点，锂- 离子可再充电电池正在被用于许多的应用领域。
锂离子电池通用充电器的设计
锂离子电池通用充电器的设计朱旋,欧阳名三(安徽理工大学,安徽淮南232001)摘 要: 本文设计一种通用锂离子充电器,只要用户手册上电池的特性参数和充、放电曲线与设计的充电器相同,就可以利用它进行充电,以克服专用充电器的不足。
关键词: 锂离子电池;单片机;充电器中图分类号:TH832;T M911.41 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-0874(2006)03-0010-03De si gn of Lithi um Hydr oni um Ba tte ry Cha rge i n Common U seZHU X uan,OU YAN G M ing 2san(Anhui University of Science and Technol ogy,Huainan 232001,China )Ab s trac t: The paper designs a s ort of lithiu m hydr onium battery charger in common use .A s l ong as the battery’s characteristic para meters and charge,discharge curves in user’s manual are identical with the designed charger,it then can be used f or charge,thereby overcom ing the deficiency of the s pecial charger .Keywo rd s: lithiu m hydr onium battery;SC M;charger 针对锂离子电池不同的型号、生产厂家、应用范围及极性,根据锂离子电池的特性及充放电曲线确定充电器的技术参数,设计一种通用的锂离子充电器。
1 系统技术参数 (1)设计框架为保证充电不对电池造成永久性的损坏,设计中考虑过流、过压和温度保护措施。
LT8490锂电池充电器电路设计详解
LT8490锂电池充电器电路设计详解LT8490(＄12.5700)是降压升压开关稳压电池充电器，实现恒流恒压（CCCV）充电模式，适用于大多数电池，包括密封铅酸电池（SLA）、溢流电池、胶体电池和锂电池。
片上逻辑在太阳能应用时提供自动最大功率点跟踪（MPPT），并具有自动温度补偿功能。
主要用在太阳能电池充电器、多种类型铅酸电池充电、锂电池充电器以及电池供电的工业或手持军用设备。
状态和故障引脚含有充电器的信息可以被用来驱动LED 指示灯。
该器件采用扁平（高度仅0.75mm）7mm 乘以11mm 64 引脚QFN 封装。
LT8490 主要特性VIN 范围：6V~80V VBAT 范围：1.3V~80V 单电感器允许VIN 高于，低于或等于VBAT 自动MPPT，用于太阳能充电自动温度补偿无需任何软件或固件开发从太阳能电池板或直流电源供电输入和输出电流监视器销引脚四位一体的反馈回路同步固定频率：100kHz~400kHz 的64 引脚（7mm 乘以11mm 乘以0.75mm 高度）QFN 封装LT8490 应用太阳能电池充电器多种铅酸蓄电池充电锂离子电池充电器电池供电工业产品或便携式军用设备DC2069A(＄195.9800)-LT8490 演示板高效率MPPT 电池充电器控制器17V~54V，最高200W 太阳能电池板的输入电压。
12V SLA 电池，最高16.6A 充电电流。
演示电路2069A 采用了LTR8490（高性能降压- 升压型转换器），实现了最大功率点跟踪功能和灵活的充电特性，适用于大多数类型的电池，如水淹电池，密封铅酸电池和锂离子电池，可在输入电压高于、低于或等于电池电压的情况下工作。
该演示板配置为17V~54V的输入电压范围，电源可以是太阳能电池板36~72单元（最高200W），或直流电压源。
提供两种输入接口。
LTC4359(＄2.5500)理想的二极管控制器可以保护直流电源的输出（不受太阳能电池板回流的影响）。
新型高性能锂电池充电器的设计方案
新型高性能锂电池充电器的设计方案新型高性能锂电池充电器的设计方案摘要：新型高性能充电组合电路(充电器) 是由DS2770、 DS2720等芯片组合成设计而成,本文介绍该设计方案的功能和特点.关键词：充电控制与保护电量计量 1-Wire接口 Li+锂电池组前言Li+锂电池因具有体积小、重量轻与能量密度高等优势，所以在GSM/CDMA和数码相机、摄像机及PDA等高端便携式产品中被广泛应用.它们都需要在内建立一个高性能的锂离子电池充电器, 以保证Li+电池在使用中避免过充电、过放电等损害现象的发生，从而,随之带来的是要求锂电池充电器具有严格与完善的保护电路,才能真正实现各项安全保护特性。
为此,应用新型的DS2770和DS2720芯片可以设计一个具有充电控制、电源控制、电量计数、电池保护、计时和对电池组能识别等功能的高性能锂电池充电器组合方案.见图1所示.从而用它可替代目前市场上的现有的锂电池保护／充电控制电路---充电器。
下面就该高性能锂电池充电器组合设计的功能与特点作一说明.1充电组合电路---充电器的组成1.1 见图1所示.整个组合电路分别有DS2770是充电控制器／电量计、DS2720电池保护器、DS2415实时时钟(RTC)三个芯片组成. 它们均公用一个地(Vss或Gnd)、电源(Vdd)和通信线(DQ或DATA)。
而所有的电容(从C1到C10)和电阻(从R1到R12)的作用是对干扰信号滤波及对ESD的保护.图1 新型高性能锂电池充电器设计方案图该充电器的负载(即主设备)是通过PACK+和PACK-引脚获得电源，而充电器与主系统的数据通信是通过标准的l-Wire接口(标为DATA )进行. DS2720芯片的的PS引脚和主系统的开／关控制相连接, 且作充电器的使能输入(低电平有效). 图1中引脚Charge·source可连接到充电电源, 而充电电流能按照电池额定的充电条件加以限制,其充电电压最高至15V.整个充电器在工作模式下消耗不足100μA的典型电流，而处于静止状态(即锂电池不处于充电状)时典型消耗电流不到20μA。
锂电池规格书(古柏文书)
充电器规格书Specification of Battery Charger型号:ES2406S29.2V/6A 锂电池充电器（全铝外壳）29.2V / 6A Li Iron/Li Polymer BATTERY CHARGER1.概述General此型号2406S 155×90×50mm的铝质外壳充电器能在输出29.2Vdc/6A的情况下工作，具有反接保护功能。
Battery Charger 2406S 155×90×50mm can work normally under 29.2Vdc/6A and with reverse polarity protection.2.主要参数最大输出功率Max.output power 输入电压Inputvoltage最高输出电压Output voltage误差范围Combinedregulation输出电流Output current误差范围Combinedregulation180W 220Vac 29.2V+/-0.2Vdc +/-0.2V 6A +/-0.2A 3.环境条件序号No. 项目Item技术参数Technical specification备注Remark1 湿度Humidity 5~95% 带包装With package2 海拔Altitude ≤3000m正常工作Work normally4.技术特征Electrical characteristics4.1 输入特征：序号No.项目Item 技术参数Technical specification 备注Remark1额定输入电压Rated input voltage220Vac220Vac2电压输入范围Input voltage range180-240Vac3频率AC input voltage frequency50～60 Hz4.2 输出特征和充电模式：序号No.项目Item技术参数Technical specification备注Remark1恒流CC(constant current)≤29.2Vdc, 6A2恒压CV(constant voltage)29.2Vdc, 6A↓3 浮充Float stage 无20%CC4效率Power efficiency≥90%输入电压=220Vac, 额定负载Vin=110/220Vac,rated load 4.3 保护特征：序号No. 项目Item技术参数Technical specification备注Remark1过压保护Over voltageprotection是Yes2限压保护Software overvoltage protection充电器设置的最大输出电压不会超过电池的最大充电电压。
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锂电池充电器的设计
介绍
根据其尺寸，重量和能量储存优点，锂- 离子可再充电电池正在被用于许多的应用领域。
这些电池已经被考虑为优先的电池于手提式计算机的应用,移置NiMH 和 NiCad电池,而且行动电话正在飞快地成为锂电池的第二个主要的市场。
理由是明显的。
锂- 离子的电池提供很多的好处对与终端消费者。
对于手提式计算机来说,锂- 离子电池在相同条件和大小并减少重量的情况下能够提供比NiCad 和 NiMH更为持久的电力。
相同的优点对于蜂窝电话更是真实的。
一个电话能被做得更小和更轻如果使用李- 离子的电池的话而不牺牲续航时间。
当锂- 离子的电池费用降下来的话,甚至更多的应用将会转变到这一个更轻巧和更小巧的技术上来。
当消费者一直要求方便的时候，市场的趋势表明一个持续不断的增长在所有的可再充电的电池中。
根据以前市场的资料大约在 1997年的时候表明大约二亿个锂-离子电芯将会被装船运送,相比较于 600 百万个NiMH的电芯。
然而,有必要说明的是三个NiMH 的电芯相当于一个锂- 离子的电芯在被包裹为电池包装的时候。
因此，真实的体积对两者来说是非常接近一样的。
1997年也被标记为第一年锂- 离子作为电池类型用于在大多数的手提式的计算机中, 移置NiMH 为高端领域中。
资料显示1997年在欧洲和日本电池电芯市场表现出一个变化对于锂- 离子在多数的电话的应用中。
锂- 离子的电池是一种令人兴奋的电池技术必须给于高度的关注。
要想了解这些新的电池，这设计引导者解释这些原则，要价需求以及符合这些需求的线路。
随着越来越多的手持式电器的出现，对高性能、小尺寸、重量轻的电池充电器的需求也越来越大。
电池技术的持续进步也要求更复杂的充电算法以实现快速、安全的充电。
因此需要对充电过程进行更精确的监控，以缩短充电时间、达到最大的电池容量，并防止电池损坏。
AVR 已经在竞争中领先了一步，被证明是下一代充电器的完美控制芯片。
Atmel AVR 微处理器是当前市场上能够以单片方式提供Flash、EEPROM 和10 位ADC的最高效的8 位RISC 微处理器。
由于程序存储器为Flash，因此可以不用象MASK ROM一样，有几个软件版本就库存几种型号。
Flash 可以在发货之前再进行编程，或是在PCB贴装之后再通过ISP 进行编程，从而允许在最后一分钟进行软件更新。
EEPROM 可用于保存标定系数和电池特性参数，如保存充电记录以提高实际使用的电池容量。
10位A/D 转换器可以提供足够的测量精度，使得充好后的容量更接近其最大容量。
而其他方案为了达到此目的，可能需要外部的ADC，不但占用PCB 空间，也提高了系统成本。
AVR 是目前唯一的针对象“C”这样的高级语言而设计的8 位微处理器。
AT90S4433 参考设计就是用“C”写的，说明用高级语言进行软件设计是多么的简单。
C 代码似的此设计很容易进行调整以适合当前和未来的电池。
而ATtiny15 参考设计则是用汇编语言写的，以获得最大的代码密度。
现代消费类电器主要使用如下四种电池：
• 密封铅酸电池 (SLA)
• 镍镉电池 (NiCd)
• 镍氢电池(NiMH)
• 锂电池(Li-Ion)
在正确选择电池和充电算法时需要了解这些电池的背景知识。
密封铅酸电池(SLA) 密封铅酸电池主要用于成本比空间和重量更重要的场合，如UPS和报警系统的备份电池。
SLA 电池以恒定电压进行充电，辅以电流限制以避免
在充电过程的初期电池过热。
只要电池单元电压不超过生产商的规定( 典型值为2.2V)， SLA 电池可以无限制地充电。
镍镉电池(NiCd) NiCd 电池目前使用得很普遍。
它的优点是相对便宜，易于使用；缺点是自放电率比较高。
典型的NiCd 电池可以充电1,000 次。
失效机理主要是极性反转。
在电池包里第一个被完全放电的单元会发生反转。
为了防止损坏电池包，需要不间断地监控电压。
一旦单元电压
下降到1.0V 就必须停机。
NiCd 电池以恒定电流的方式进行充电。
镍氢电池(NiMH) 在轻重量的手持设备中如手机、手持摄象机，等等镍氢电池是使用最广的。
这种电池的容量比NiCd 的大。
由于过充电会造成NiMH 电池的失效，在充电过程中进行精确地测量以在合适的时间停止是非常重要的。
和NiCd 电池一样，极性反转时电池也会损坏。
NiMH 电池的自放电率大概为20%/ 月。
和NiCd 电池一样，NiMH 电池也为恒定电流充电。
锂电池(Li-Ion) 和本文中所述的其他电池相比，锂电池具有最高的能量/ 重量比和能量/ 体积比。
锂电池以恒定电压进行充电，同时要有电流限制以避免在充电过程的初期电池过热。
当充电电流下降到生产商设定的最小电流时就要停止充电。
过充电将造成电池损坏，甚至爆炸。
电池的安全充电现代的快速充电器( 即电池可以在小于3 个小时的时间里充满电，通常是一个小时) 需要能够对单元电压、充电电流和电池温度进行精确地测量，在充满电的同时避免由于过充电造成的损坏。
充电方法SLA 电池和锂电池的充电方法为恒定电压法要限流； NiCd 电池和NiMH 电池的充电方法为恒定电流法，且具有几个不同的停止充电的判断方法。
最大充电电流最大充电电流与电池容量(C) 有关。
最大充电电流往往以电池容量的数值来表示。
例如，电池的容量为750 mAh，充电电流为750 mA，则充电电流为1C (1 倍的电池容量)。
若涓流充电时电流为C/40，则充电电流即为电池容量除以40。
过热电池充电是将电能传输到电池的过程。
能量以化学反应的方式保存了下来。
但不是所有的电能都转化为了电池中的化学能。
一些电能转化成了热能，对电池起了加热的作用。
当电池充满后，若继续充电，则所有的电能都将转化为电池的热能。
在快速充电时这将使电池快速升温，若不及时停止充电就会造成电池的损坏。
因此，在设计电池充电器时，对温度进行监控并及时停止充电是非常重要的。
停止充电的判别方法电池的不同应用场合及工作环境限制了对判断停止充电的
方法的选择。
有时候温度不容易测得，但可以测得电压，或者是其他情况。
本文以电压变化率(-dV/dt) 为基本的判断停止充电的方法，而以温度和绝对电压值为辅助和备份。
但是本文所描述的硬件支持以下讲述的所有的方法。
t –时间这是决定何时停止充电的最简单的方法。
通常用于快速充电时的后备方案。
有时也作为普通充电 (14 - 16 小时) 方法的基本方案。
适用于各种电池。
V –电压当电压超出上限时停止充电。
通常与恒定电流充电配合使用。
最大电流由电池决定，通常为1C。
为了防止充电时电流过大导致电池过热，此时电流限制是非常关键的。
这个方法是锂电池的基本充电和停止方案。
实际锂电池充电器往往在达到最大电压之后还继续进行第二阶段的充电，以达到100% 的电池容量。
对于NiCd 电池和NiMH 电池本方法可以作为后备的判断停止充电方案。
-dV/dt –电压变化率这个判断停止充电的方法利用了负的电压变化率。
对于某些类型的电池，当电池充满后继续充电将导致电压的下降。
此时本方案就非常合适了。
这个方法通常用于恒定电流充电，适用于对NiCd 电池和NiMH 电池的快速充电。
I –电流当充电电流小于某个预先设定的数值时停止充电。
通常用于恒定电压
充电法。
适用于SLA电池和锂电池。
T –温度绝对温度可以作为NiCd 电池和NiMH电池停止充电的依据，但是更适合于作为备份方案。
温度超出设定值时任何电池都得停止充电。
dT/dt –温度上升速率快速充电时温度的变化率可以作为停止充电的依据。
请参考电池生产商的规范(NiCd电池的典型值为1oC/min) –适用于NiCd 电池NiMH 电池。
DT –超出环境温度的温度值当电池温度和环境温度之差超过一定门限时需要停止充电。
此方法可以作为NiCd 电池和SLA 电池停止充电的方案。
在寒冷环境中充电时这个方法比绝对温度判定法更好由于大多数系统往往只有一个温度探头，只好将充电之前的温度作为环境温度。
dV/dt = 0 –零电压差这个方法与-dV/dt 方法极其类似，而且在电压不会再升高的情况下更准确。
适用于NiCd电池和NiMH 电池。
本参考设计完全实现了电池充电器设计的最新技术，可以对各种流行的电池类型进行快速充电而无须修改硬件，从而围绕单个硬件平台实现一个完整的充电器产品系列。
只需要将新的充电算法通过ISP 下载到处理器的FLASH 存储器就可以得到新的型号。
很显然，这种方法可以大大缩短新产品上市的时间，而且只需要库存一种硬件。
本设计提供完整的适合SLA、NiCd、NiMH 和Li-Ion 电池的库函数。