高考英语(全国通用版)同步作业： 21 必修5 Unit 1 Word版含答案

课时提升作业二十一
必修5Unit 1Great scientists
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2018·河南八市联考) Many of the world’s most well-known people were once successful failures. Here are the stories of a few of them.
Abraham Lincoln(1809-1865)
Abraham Lincoln was one of America’s greatest leaders, taking the country through the Civil War(from 1860 to 1865). However, his life was never easy. He started numerous businesses that failed. He went bankrupt twice, and was defeated in 26 campaigns for public office. He later said, “My great concern is not whether you have failed, but whether you are content with your failure. ”
Vincent Van Gogh(1853-1890)
Van Gogh is one of the most famous and influential painters in the history of Western Art. He’s renowned for paintings such as The Starry Night, The Potato Eaters and Sunflowers. However, during his lifetime, Van Gogh sold only one painting for a very small amount of
money. Despite this, he carried on painting, sometimes even going without food so he could complete his collection of over 800 known works.
Albert Einstein(1879-1955)
Albert Einstein won the Noble Prize in Physics in 1921. However, he wasn’t always considered as a “genius”. He didn’t speak until he was four, and couldn’t read until he was seven. His tea chers and parents thought he was slow, so he was expelled from school and couldn’t get into the Zurich Polytechnic School. He later famously said, “Success is failure in progress. ”
Stephen King(born 1947)
Stephen King is one of the best-selling authors of all time, but his first book, Carrie, was rejected by about 30 publishers. Eventually, Stephen threw it in the bin, but his wife fished it out and encouraged him to resubmit it, which he did successfully this time!
【文章大意】这篇文章主要讲了世界上的许多人在成功之前都遭遇了失败, 并且为我们列举了几个非常有名的人物的例子。

1. Which statement is true about Abraham Lincoln?
A. He led the American War of Independence.
B. He never succeeded in his business.
C. He was full of courage and perseverance.
D. He is the greatest president of the United States.
【解析】选C。

推理判断题。

由第二段中的However, his life was never easy. He started numerous businesses that failed. He went bankrupt twice, and was defeated in 26 campaigns for public office. He later said, “My great concern is not w hether you have failed, but whether you are content with your failure. ” 可推断出亚伯拉罕·林肯充满勇气, 坚持不懈, 选C。

2. Who became famous all over the world after his death?
A. Abraham Lincoln.
B. Vincent Van Gogh.
C. Albert Einstein.
D. Stephen King.
【解析】选B。

推理判断题。

由第三段中的However, during his lifetime, Van Gogh sold only one painting for a very small amount of money. 可推断出梵高是在去世之后, 才闻名于全世界的。

3. What was the most likely reason for Albert Einstein’s dropping out of school?
A. He was too slow to learn.
B. He couldn’t speak or read.
C. His teacher thought he was stupid.
D. He didn’t obey the school rules.
【解析】选C。

推理判断题。

由倒数第二段中的His teachers and parents thought he was slow, so he was expelled from school and couldn’t get into the Zurich Polytechnic School. 可推断出爱因斯坦被退学, 最可能的原因就是老师认为他很笨。

4. What do the people in the passage have in common?
A. They are all Americans.
B. They are known for their writings.
C. They were born in the same century.
D. They all suffered failure before they succeeded.
【解析】选D。

推理判断题。

由第一段中的Man y of the world’s most well-known people were once successful failures. Here are the stories of a few of them. 可推断出这些人们的共同之处在于他们在成功之前都遭遇了失败。

B
Since Brandon was a kid, he has loved playing baseball. For him, baseball, was and still is his life and his impetus and drive for staying in school.
But as Brandon got older, he started making bad choices. He cut classes, hung out with the wrong friends and got suspended(被停学)often. His grandmother took care of the family and his mom worked 12-hour shifts at a car lot, doing everything she could to provide for the family.
Dr. Decmona Warren, a teacher of a Communities In Schools(CIS), saw the signs but when she tried to help, Brandon wouldn’t take it. “When I heard her call my name, I would nearly run away. ”Brandon said later.
His GPA(平均成绩)fell to a 1. 4 and Brandon was kicked out of the
baseball team. He knew if he wanted to play baseball, he had to stop acting like that. Determined to become successful both on the field and in the classroom, Brandon decided to embrace the support from Communities In Schools. He turned to Dr. Warren, who welcomed him as a CIS student with open arms. From tutoring to parent-teacher conferences, he allowed Dr. Warren to become his“school mom”, and slowly, things started to turn around.
“CIS of Atlanta has made a big difference in my life. This program has taught me to think before I act and make better choices in choosing friends. Before CIS it seemed like every week I was either out of school or in school suspension. Once when I was an honor student in middle school, I found myself failing miserably in almost all of my classes as a freshman in high school. But with the help of CIS I am now back on track, more focused and determined to do better in my academics and beh avior. ”
He’s back on the team now playing in the Catcher position, with a 2.
8 GPA. He is already looking at colleges for baseball scholarships.
【文章大意】本文写了Brandon因为成绩不好而被踢出棒球队, 由于对棒球的热爱, Brandon通过努力学习提高了学习成绩而重返球队。

5. What does the underlined word “impetus” in P aragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Need.
B. Excuse.
C. Thought.
D. Motivation.
【解析】选D。

词义猜测题。

第一段中“For him, baseball, was and still is his life and his impetus and drive for staying in school. ”意为: “对他来说, 棒球一直以来都是他的生命, 也是驱使他留在学校的动力。

”所以猜测这个单词意义是motivatio n“动机, 动力”, 所以答案选D。

6. What made Brandon decide to accept Dr. Warren’s help?
A. His poor GPA.
B. Dr. Warren’s enthusiasm for helping him.
C. His great devotion to playing baseball.
D. His poor performance when playing baseball.
【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据第四段“Deter mined to become successful both on the field and in the classroom, . . . He turned to Dr. Warren. ”可知, 决定在球场上和学习上能获得成功, 他向Dr. Warren 寻求帮助。

7. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. one can never be too old to learn
B. every man is the architect of his own future
C. barking dogs seldom bite
D. almost no man can do two things at once
【解析】选B。

推理判断题。

根据全文尤其是倒数第二段最后一句可知Brandon因为成绩不好而被踢出棒球队, 由于对棒球的热爱, Brandon通过努力学习提高了学习成绩而重返球队, 由此可以推断出
我们每个人都是自己未来的构建者, 所以答案选B。

8. What may be the best title for the passage?
A. Brandon, A Future Baseball Star
B. Brandon, Grateful to CIS for Its Financial Support
C. Brandon, The Best Baseball Player from CIS
D. Brandon, Back on the Baseball Team Again
【解析】选D。

主旨大意题。

本文主要讲了Brandon因为成绩不好而被踢出棒球队, 由于对棒球的热爱, Brandon通过努力学习提高了学习成绩而重返球队的故事, 所以答案选D。

Ⅱ. 阅读填句
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。

In our hyper-technological age, the way we interact with others face-to-face tells others how well we work with others, as well as our ability to maintain good interpersonal relations.
1Here are five job interview mistakes that millennials (千禧一代)often make, so you can be sure not to make them too.
·Overusing the word “Like”
Even though we all have problems with inserting the word into our everyday speech, giving our every othe r word with“like”has implications
millennials may not even be aware of. 2
·Forgetting to put your phone on silent
If your phone constantly pings and makes other noises during your interview, the person you’re talking to will not be impressed. You are a generation that always has a phone in hand. 3
·Dressing inappropriately
Although work attire now tends more toward casual than a three-piece business suit, it’s still incredibly unprofessional to show up in clothing that’s clearly not suitable for the o ffice.
·Talking too proudly
In a generation that values the individual above anything else, it can feel almost like second nature to talk too much about oneself. 4·5
A preliminary Google search regarding the company you want to work for takes no more than 5 minutes, but the knowledge goes a long way. Even though we live in an age of extreme connectivity and Internet knowledge overload, don’t forget to brush up on your facts before meeting up with your interviewer.
A. Not doing the research.
B. Forgetting the knowledge.
C. This makes the job interview especially critical.
D. Talking too much is a disadvantage, sometimes.
E. It can make us appear like we’re guessing ourselves, not confident.
F. Remember to find the balance between saying too little and saying too much.
G. Not taking seconds to make sure it won’t disturb others is a sure sign of carelessness.
【文章大意】文章介绍了五种千禧一代在工作面试时经常犯的错误。

1. 【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据文章第一段可知, 在我们这个高科技的时代, 我们面对面交流的方式能够展示我们工作中与别人相处以及发展人际关系的能力。

故这也使面试这样面对面的活动显得尤为重要。

2. 【解析】选E。

细节理解题。

根据第一个标题Overusing the word“Like”可知我们不要过度使用“like”一词。

“. . . giving our every other word with‘like’has implications millennials may not even be aware of”意为: 我们总是说“like”能暗示很多千禧一代未意识到的问题。

因此下一句应该是这样老是说“like”所产生的问题。

3. 【解析】选G。

细节理解题。

根据第二个标题Forgetting to put your phone on silent以及下文可知, 千禧一代经常忘了把手机调到静音模式, 这样会给人留下不好的印象, 也会打断别人, 给人一种太粗心大意的印象。

4. 【解析】选F。

细节理解题。

根据第四个标题Talking too proudly 以及下文可知, 千禧一代更看重自我, 乐意过多地谈论自我。

因此在面试中要把握好谈得过多和谈得不充分之间的平衡。

5. 【解析】选A。

标题归纳题。

通过末段的内容可知, 面试前, 在网上搜索目标公司的情况占用你不到5分钟的时间, 但是得到的内容却能对你在之后的阶段大有用处。

因此可知很多千禧一代并没有提前做好调查研究。

Ⅲ.
(2018·九江十校联考) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。

About two years ago, I worked hard and entered a locally key school, which my parents were proud of it. From then up, I got up early and got to the school on time. After school, I went back home in time to help my parents do some housework while enjoy some light music. However, one day my mother persuading me to live at school to learn to be independent, preparing the future life. As I was unhappy, I understood my parents and followed their advices. Before living at school, I found it helped me save
time and learn what to get on with others.
答案:
1. 【解析】第一句locally→local。

考查形容词。

根据形容词修饰名词, 可知修饰名词school应用形容词形式。

2. 【解析】第一句去掉it。

此处key school是先行词, which在后面的非限制性定语从句中代替先行词作宾语, it是多余的。

3. 【解析】第二句up→on。

考查固定短语。

from then on是固定短语, 意为“从那时起”。

4. 【解析】第三句enjoy→enjoying。

考查非谓语动词。

句意: 当欣赏
一些轻音乐时。

此处为状语从句的省略, 完整为while I was enjoying 5. 【解析】第四句persuading→persuaded。

考查谓语动词。

根据one day 可知此句用一般过去时。

6. 【解析】第四句preparing后加for。

考查固定词组。

prepare for是固定搭配, 意为“为……做准备”。

7. 【解析】第五句As→Though/Although。

考查连词。

句意: 尽管我不高兴, 但是我明白父母的心思, 并按着他们的建议去做。

此处是让步状语从句, 应用though/although引导。

8. 【解析】第五句advices→advice。

考查名词。

advice是不可数名词。

9. 【解析】第六句Before→After。

考查介词。

句意: 住在学校后我发现这样帮助我……。

根据语境含义可知用after。

10. 【解析】第六句what→how。

考查连词。

句意: 学习怎样与别人相处。

根据句子结构可知应用how+不定式。

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课时提升作业三
必修1Unit 3Travel journal
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A(2018·烟台模拟) Hidden Lo ndon: the city’s lesser-known delights Dulwich
Picture Gallery
As much an excuse to enjoy the village charm of Dulwich Village as to admire some delicate European masterworks, this gallery is a southeast London charmer, which was founded in 1811. Join a free guided tour to the permanent collection (3 pm Saturday and Sunday), catch the latest temporary exhibition and admire the lovely garden (open 1: 30 pm to 3: 30 pm Tuesdays).
Where: Gallery Rd SE21 7AD
Train: West Dulwich
Temple Church
Featuring in the novel The Da Vinci Code and dating back to the late 12th century, this is one of London’s oldest and holiest medieval (中世纪的) treasures. Built by the Knights Templar, the church is divided into the Round—which contains the statues of crusading knights, who tried to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the Middle Ages—and the Chancel, where the priests (牧师) and singers performing in church services sit.
Where: Temple EC4Y 7DE
Underground: Temple or Blackfriars
Chelsea Physic Garden
Endlessly satisfying the green-fingered, the plain curious or those eager to discover botanical interests in central London, this delightful
walled garden was founded by the Apothecaries’ Society in the 17th century and is one of the oldest botanical gardens in London.
Where: 66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS
Underground: Sloane Square
Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art
Built between 1953 and 1958, the Estorick is Britain’s only gallery devoted to Italian art. It draws together a fascinating collection of Futurist masterpieces from Umberto Boccioni, Giacomo Balla, Carlo Carra and others, who emphasized the importance of modern things, especially technology and machines.
Where: 39a Canonbury Sq N1 2AN
Underground: Highbury or Islington
【文章大意】本文是应用文, 介绍了四处鲜为人知的伦敦景点。

1. When can you follow a free guide to visit Dulwich Picture Gallery?
A. 3 pm on Sunday.
B. 3: 30 pm on Tuesday.
C. 1: 30 pm on Tuesday.
D. 1: 30 pm on Saturday.
【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据第一部分中的“Join a free guided tour to the permanent collection (3 pm Saturday and Sunday)”可知, 每周六、周日的下午3点可以跟着免费导游参观达利奇美术馆。

2. Where should you go if you have an interest in plants?
A. Gallery Rd SE21 7AD.
B. Temple EC4Y 7DE.
C. 66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS.
D. 39a Canonbury Sq N1 2AN.
【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据第三部分中的“green-fingered”, “botanical interests”, “delightful walled garden”及“one of the oldest botanical gardens”可知, 如果对植物感兴趣的话应该去切尔西草药园, 其地址为“66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS”。

3. If you want to enjoy Italian art, you may get off at ________.
A. West Dulwich
B. Highbury
C. Sloane Square
D. Blackfriars
【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据最后一部分中的“the Estorick is Britain’s only gallery devoted to Italian art”可知, 如果对意大利艺术感兴趣的话应该去艾斯托力克现代意大利艺术馆, 乘坐地铁在Highbury或Islington下车。

B世纪金榜导学号79060277 Many people may not find the idea of visiting Beijing’s Forbidden City just to see its cultural relics(遗迹)very exciting.
But what if you got to see deer there too? That certainly sounds
like a better day out.
Nine deer were introduced into the Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, on Sept. 26 and would make it their home until February. The beautiful animals are part of an exhibition on deer-related relics, including furniture, clothes and artworks. In ancient China, deer
patterns(图案)could be seen on lots of items since lu—deer—were considered to be a lucky animal because the Chinese word shares the pronunciation(发音)of the character that means “offi cial salary(俸禄)”.
The deer in the Palace Museum are not only to be part of the exhibition, but also to act as ambassadors(大使)to attract visitors. “It’s a better way to bring cultural relics closer to the people, ”explained Wang Yamin, a deputy director at the Museum, according to China Daily.
Turning itself into a zoo is the latest effort that the museum has made at introducing academic(学术的)art to ordinary people.
In 2014, for example, the museum’s online store started to offer products such as T-shirts featuring the pattern of an emperor’s coat, and earphones looking like the necklaces worn by ancient officials. These products soon gained popularity on social media because they allowed people to wear a piece of history.
Two years later, the TV series Masters in the Forbidden City(《我在故宫修文物》)lifted the mysterious veil(面纱)on the experts who work in the museum—people whose job is to repair the relics within it. And while many of us may have imagined these workers to be old and boring, they’re actually quite young and interesting. Some are even in their 20s. They lead a peaceful career, although it can sometimes be dull. Workers aren’t allowed to wear any make-up or do their nails(指甲)because the chemicals(化学物质)may damage the relics they’re working on, for
example.
Little by little, the Palace Museum is shaking off the stereotypes(刻板印象)of being an old-fashioned academic institution. As Shan Jixiang, the museum’s director, once said, “Academic research is not alien from the public’s interest. We’d like to make v isiting the museum a part of people’s daily lives. ”
It looks like the Forbidden City isn’t so forbidden after all.
【文章大意】本文介绍了故宫为了改变形象而采取的措施。

4. What can be concluded about the deer in the Forbidden City?
A. They would stay in the museum for a whole year.
B. They are part of an exhibition as lucky animals.
C. They have been introduced to help attract visitors.
D. They were brought to the museum for an artwork study.
【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据第三段The deer in the Palace Museum are not only to be part of the exhibition, but also to act as ambassadors to attract visitors可知答案选C。

5. Why did the online store’s products become so popular?
A. They were cheap and of high quality.
B. They combined culture with everyday items.
C. They featured mysterious patterns.
D. They were advertised on social media a lot.
【解析】选B。

推理判断题。

根据第五段because they allowed people to
wear a piece of history以及上面的内容中印有皇帝龙袍图案的T恤和大臣上朝用的朝珠形状的耳机来判断, 可知选B。

6. According to Masters in the Forbidden City, experts working in the museum________.
A. think their job is boring
B. are mostly old but experienced
C. must be careful with their work
D. enjoy working on their own
【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据倒数第三段中工人不能使用化妆品和涂指甲油, 因为化学物质可能会损害他们所修复的文物可知选C。

7. What’s the article mainly about?
A. An interesting exhibition on animal-related relics.
B. Popular products related to ancient Chinese culture.
C. What the Palace Museum does to protect cultural relics.
D. The Palace Museum’s efforts to change its image.
【解析】选D。

主旨大意题。

通过文章介绍, 引进麋鹿吸引游客和售卖印有皇帝龙袍图案的T恤等物品, 这些都是故宫为了改变形象所做的努力。

Ⅱ. 阅读填句(2018·太原模拟)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Study abroad
Every year, thousands of students choose to study abroad for the summer, six months, a year or longer. Here are some things you need to know before you make such a decision.
Why do it?
Living in another country will help you learn about the culture of another land. You will see the world in a new way. 1Many companies today want employees who speak a second language or who have experienced living or working in another country.
Making the right choice.
To choose the right country or school, ask yourself these questions: 2Do I want to live with a host family (寄宿家庭), with roommates, or alone? How much do I want to pay?
3
Get your passport and visa (签证) early! Before you go, learn as much of the language as you can, and read about the customs of your host country. Also, talk with people who have experienced studying abroad. Call the school to make sure someone can meet you when you get there.
Once you are there.
After the first few weeks it’s usual to feel a little homesick. 4 Just be open to meeting new people and having new experiences. Remember that it takes time to get used to a new place with new customs.
Talk to your new friends and write about your feelings. 5
A. Getting ready to go.
B. Improving your language skills.
C. You’ll miss your family and friends.
D. How long do I want to study abroad?
E. Make a phone call to the “study abroad” office.
F. Always keep an open mind and you will succeed.
G. Studying abroad is also excellent training for the working world.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。

作者主要就出国学习提出了几点建议。

1. 【解析】选G。

由该空后的“Many companies today. . . in another country. ”可知, 这里是说留学给就业带来的好处, 故选G项。

2. 【解析】选D。

由该空前的“ask yourself these questions”和空后的几个问题可知, 应该选D项。

3. 【解析】选A。

由该段中的“Get your passport and visa early! ”和“learn as much of the language as you can”等信息可知, 本段主要是讲出国前的准备工作, 故选A项。

4. 【解析】选C。

由该空前的“After the first few weeks it’s usual to feel
a little homesick. ”可知, C项内容符合此处语境。

5.【解析】选F。

该空前介绍如何去适应新的生活。

F项的“open mind”与上文的“open”呼应。

Ⅲ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同
桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。

I’d like to take the chance to share my plan with you on our Cross Cultural Communication Project. Practical speaking, our communication involves four aspect. First, a brief self-introduction was needed. Then, as all students are extremely interested with foreign students’ life, food and culture, sharing will surely the most popular. In addition, each one which attends the project is expected to describe the education system employing in their own countries. Last but not the least, exchange of skills for language study are of great value to both sides. That’s all. I’m expecting your detail plan. Only with our joint efforts can we ensure the project a great success.
1. 【解析】第二句Practical→Practically。

practically speaking实际地讲, 固定短语。

2. 【解析】第二句aspect→aspects。

前面有four, 后应用复数。

3. 【解析】第三句was→is。

由上下文时态可知应用现在时态。

4. 【解析】第四句with→in。

be interested in对……感兴趣。

5. 【解析】第四句surely后加be。

形容词popular之前缺少系动词。

6. 【解析】第五句which→who。

先行词是each one指人。

7. 【解析】第五句employing→employed。

employ是及物动词, 作定语修饰the education system, 且为被动关系, 故用过去分词。

8. 【解析】第六句去掉the。

last but not least固定短语。

9. 【解析】第六句are→is。

主语是exchange, 谓语应用单数。

10. 【解析】第八句detail→detailed。

detailed是形容词, “详细的”, 修饰名词plan, 作定语。

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