《专业英语》自动化(翻译)

2010-2011学年度第一学期自动化系《专业英语》期末试卷（A ）年级2007专业自动化 学号： 姓名：注：1、共120分钟，总分100分。

I 、 Translate the following words and expressions into English ．（20%）1.差分间隙 The differential gap2.过渡周期 the transition period3.复位率 reduction rate4.逐次逼近法 successive approximation method5.增益裕度 Gain margin6.双位控制器two-bit controller7.非线性系统 Nonlinear Systems8.作用函数 role in the function9.动态系统 Dynamic SystemII 、 Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese ．（10%）1. Actuating error signal 驱动错误信号2. Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换3. load disturbance 负载扰动4. lag-lead compensator 滞后导致补偿————————————装————————————————订————————————————线————————5.steady-state behavior 稳态行为6.Reference input signal 参考输入信号7.Partial differential equation 偏微分方程8.Transient- response analysis 瞬态响应分析9.Root-locus methods 根轨迹的方法10.Process control system 过程控制系统III、Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations．（10%）1.集成电路芯片ic chip2.脉宽调制PWM3.人工智能AI4.气关式AC5.运算放大器OP、OPA、OPAMP6.单输入单输出控制系统SISO7.可控硅SCR8.比例积分微分控制器PID9.场效应晶体管FETCSIIV、Translate the following sentences into Chinese．（15%）1.W e shall give a brief discussion of methods for reducing the effects ofexternal disturbances on the system performance．我们将简要地讨论在系统运行时减小外部扰动对系统影响的方法。

装2.Whatever the actual mechanism may be and whatever the form of theoperating power, the proportional controller is essentially an amplifier with an adjustable gain ．无论实际的机构可能是什么和任何的动作功率的形状，比例的控制器用一个可调整增益本质上是一个放大器3.Generally speaking，the performance specifications should not be morestringent than necessary to perform the given task．一般来说，与实现给定设计任务的必要性相比，性能指标的要求不应该太苛刻。

4.In 1922 Minorsky worked on automatic controllers for steering ships andshowed how stability could be determined from the differential equations describing the system．1922年，迈那斯基研究用于驾驶船舶的自动控制器，并提出根据描述系统的微分方程可以决定定系统的稳定性。

5.In an experimental investigation of a dynamic system，if cause and effectare proportional，thus implying that the principle of superposition holds，then system can be considered linear．对一个动态系统做实验研究，当系统的输入和输出成比例则说明其满足叠加原理，那么该系统可以被认为是线性系统。

V、Translate the following sentences into English．（15分）1.机器的速度可通过内部的微型计算机自动调节得同包装速度一致。

The speed of the machine may be automatically regulated to pace the packing operation by an inner microcomputer2.PID控制器是一种在工业过程控制中使用得最为广泛的控制器。

The PID controller is most common of use in the industrial process control3.没有空气，地球的温度就会急剧变化。

Without air, the earth would undergo extreme changes in temperature.4.变化的电流以每秒绕地球8圈以上的速度在电话线上传播。

The changing electric current，at the speed of 8 laps / second circling the earth,isdisseminated through by the telephone line.5.数学模型是对一个实际物理系统动态特性的数学描述，微分方程和传递函数是最常用的形式。

The mathematical description of the dynamic characteristics of a system is called amathematical model, the most usual form are the differential equation and thetransfer-function．————————————A PLC works by continually scanning a program. We can think of this scan cycle as consisting of 3 important steps. There are typically more than 3 but we can focus on the important parts and not worry about the others. Typically the others are checking the system and updating the current internal counter and timer values.Step 1-CHECK INPUT STATUS-First the PLC takes a look at each input to determine if it is on or off. In other words, is the sensor connected to the first input on? How about the second input? How about the third… It records this data into its memory to be used during the next step.Step 2-EXECUTE PROGRAM-Next the PLC executes your program one instruction at a time. Maybe your program said that if the first input was on then it should turn on the first output. Since it already knows which inputs are on/off from the previous step, it will be able to decide whether the first output should be turned on based on the state of the first input. It will store the execution results for use later during the next step.Step 3-UPDATE OUTPUT STATUS-Finally the PLC updates the status of the outputs. It updates the outputs based on which inputs were on during the first step and the results of executing your program during the second step. Based on the example in step 2 it would now turn on the first output because the first input was on and your program said to turn on the first output when this condition is true.After the third step the PLC goes back to step one and repeats the steps continuously. One scan time is defined as the time it takes to execute the 3 steps listed above. Thus a practical system is controlled to perform specified operations as desired.1. A PLC may scan a program occasionally. (F )2.Firstly, The input terminal should be connect with the PLC . ( F )3.The PLC will store the input results for use later. ( )4.The PLC will write the new status of the outputs at last. ( )5.The time which takes to perform the 3 steps is defined as one scan time.( F )VII、Translate the following paragraph into Chinese．（10%）Design of GPS/GPRS bus stop automatic announcerAbstract: Through the GPRS network, necessary bus status information should be transmitted to the bus monitor dispatching center timely , and then through the center of the operation of PC software, to achieve the function of the monitoring , scheduling and updating information.Key words: automatic station report; information updating; monitoringDesign of GPS/GPRS bus stop automatic announcerDesign of Automatic Station Report System for Bus Based on GPS/•Abstract: Combining GPS positioning technology, the bus status (information location, speed, etc.) in real-time are collected and analyzed. When the bus is scheduled to arrive at the location, the automatic station report functions is realized. Through the GPRS network, necessary bus status information should be transmitted to the bus monitor dispatching center timely, and then through the center of the operation of PC software, to achieve the function of the monitoring, scheduling and updating information. SD card is used to memorize the information of a number of lines and MP3 audio files, it is facilitated to replace bus lines , and at the same time high-quality voice information play is realized.•Keywords: automatic station report; GPS; GPRS; information updating; monitoring;VIII、Translate the following paragraph into English．（10%）基于μPD78F0034单片机的出租车计费器的设计与实现摘要：介绍了基于μPD78F0034单片机和模块式结构的出租车计费器的软件和硬件设计方法。