高考英语高中英语语法之【倒装】

第七章倒装

第一节基本知识与基本概念

【什么是倒装】

倒装是英语中很有意思的一种通过改变句子主语和谓语的正常顺序来表达特殊的意思或达到修辞目的的手段。

英语句子的基本语序是“主语＋谓语”，如果将谓语置于主语之前，这种语序就叫做倒装。【倒装的类型】

倒装句分完全倒装和部分倒装两种情况。完全倒装指整个谓语都提前到主语之前，但如果主语为代词而不是名词时，主语和谓语并不倒装。例如：

Here comes the bus. (全部倒装)

Here you are. （因为主语是代词you，所以没有倒装）

部分倒装指将谓语中的一部分，如助动词、情态助动词或系动词be放在主语的前面，其余部分仍在主语后面。例如：

Only in this way can we make more contributions to our hometown.

【倒装怎么实现？】

动词倒装的方法一般是：

１、动词be和主语颠倒进行倒装；（完全倒装和部分倒装通用）例如：

Here is a book for you.

Only until recently was I aware of the new situation.

２、如果谓语动词中有助动词、情态助动词，则将它们与主语颠倒,实现部分倒装。例如：

Hardly had we started when they told us to stop.

Tom can beat Jack in tennis and so can you.

Often have I told you not to touch anything in my lab!

３、如果谓语动词是行为动词，其前面既无助动词也没有情态助动词，则用助动词do 进行倒装。例如：

Little does he know about Chinese history.

Jill didn’t follow the teacher’s order and neither did anyone else. 【高考怎么考倒装？】

倒装考点在高考中属于次要考点，并不是每年都必然要考查。但从有限的高考原题中，我们还是能够明显感觉到，部分倒装的重要性比完全倒装大

第二节具体考点解析

【考点一、什么情况下需要完全倒装？】

通常情况下，能引起完全倒装的有三种情况：

１、There be 结构

There be 结构及其各种变体就是我们接触最早的，也是我们最熟悉的一种完全倒装。例如：

There used to be a temple in the forest.

There are many people in front of the city hall.

There lived a very smart king.

There may be some possibility that we can be chosen for the task.

由于很明显的原因，there be结构出现在高考题目中一般不会以考查倒装为目的。

２、当直接引语放在句首时，谓语动词应该完全放在主语之前。例如：

“You must be joking!”, shouted my wife.

“No way”, said my boss coldly.

“He is the last man I want to see”, answered the boy.

由于受到本身条件的限制，这种情况也很难以高考题的形式出现。

３、当方位副词here, there, up, down, in, out, away等出现在句子的开头时；或表示方位或方向的介词短语位于句首时。例如：

Up went the rocket.

Down came the plane.

Out rushed the little boy.

Away went Tom.

In came our headmaster.

Here comes the bus.

There goes the bell.

On the top of the hill stands an old tree.

In front of the house sat a small boy.

注意，这才是真正能出题的一种完全倒装形式。但限制也比较多，除了三条通用的主语必须是名词不能是代词一条外，它还要求谓语必须是不及物动词。因为，如果后面的动词有宾语，动词提前的话，句子结构就很尴尬了。

【考点二、否定副词放在句首时的倒装】

含有否定含义的词hardly, scarcely, rarely, never, little, seldom, neither, nor, not only, not until, no sooner等于句首时，句子部分倒装。例如：

Little did he know who the woman was.

Never shall I forget the time when we could hardly make both ends meet.

Hardly had we sat down when the movie started.

No sooner had we sat down than the movie started.

Seldom has she come to my office to ask questions.

The Smiths should not break the rules. Nor should we.

Not only can I devote myself to my hometown but I also can see my parents more often.

【考点三、so, such在句首时的倒装】

so, such于句首，后带表语或状语时，其后所接的主句部分倒装。例如：

So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.

So fast did the motorcyclist rush that even the policemen didn’t catch him.

So silly was my wife that she sold all my books at a low price.

Such serious damage was done to my car that it took the workers a month to mend it.

Such good partners did we have that we finished our work ahead of time. 【考点四、so, neither, nor在句首时的倒装】

so, neither, nor于句首，表示主语与前面句子的主语情况相同时(既主语不是同一个人或物)，句子要部分倒装。例如：

---I don’t think I can walk any further.