语言学问答题

1.How are the English consonants classified

English consonants can be classified in two ways: one is in

terms of manner of articulation and the other is in terms of

place of articulation.

2.How can words opposite in meaning be classified To which

category does each of the following pairs of antonyms belong

Deep ----shallow married---single sour---sweet

Teacher---student asleep--- awake

They can be gradable antonyms, complementary antonyms and

relational opposite .

3. Discuss in detail the locutionary act, illocutionary act

and perlocutionary act.

A locutionary act is the act of uttering words， phrases，

clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means

of syntax， lexicon and phonology. An illocutionary act is the

act of expressing the speaker's intention； it is the act

performed in saying something. A perlocutionary act is the act

per-formed by or resulting from saying something； it is the consequence of， or the change brought about by the utterance；

it is the act performed by saying something.

4．What is an inflectional morpheme Locate the inflectional morpheme in each of the following sentences and point out its grammatical meaning.

Mr. Smith lives in the Big Apple.

The film’s already started.

There are bound morphemes which are for the most part purely grammatical makers and signify such concepts as tense,number,case and bound morphemes are called inflectional morphemes.

with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.

(1)A phone is a speech sound, it is phonetic unit. Any sound we hear in the course of communication s a phone, such as /u:/, /l/, /p/, /p’/.

(2)A phoneme is a phonological unit. It is not a concrete sound

but an abstract notion. It is a collection of features. It can be realized as different phones in different phonetic contexts. Foe example, the phoneme/l/ can be realized as a clear [l] or

a dark [l], depending on where it occurs in a sound combination.

(3)The actually phonetic realizations of a phoneme are called its allophones. Allophones are the actual phones we hear in linguistic communication.

6. What are the four maxims of the CP Try to give your own examples to show how flouting these maxims gives rise to conversational implicature

Cooperative Principle, abbreviated as CP. It goes as follows: Make your conversational contribution such as required at the stage at which it occurs by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.

To be more specific, there are four maxims under this general principle:

(1) The maxim of quantity

① Make your contribution as informative as required (for the