BEV In use teabags Sept 2014
2014全国高考英语试题分类汇编阅读之科普知识类
2014全国高考汇编阅读之科普知识类一（2014安徽卷）BRecordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says. Beehives (蜂窝)-either recorded or real-may even prevent elephants from damaging farmer's crops.In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them. Today, Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. Next，Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a close to each family.From a distance, Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees. Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. When Lucy Played the sound of a waterfall (瀑布) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families, the animals were undisturbed. Even after four minutes, most of the groups stayed in one place.Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times. She hasn't tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial (最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers. She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.60. We know from the passage that elephants may he frightened of .A. loud noisesB. some cropsC. video camerasD. angry bees61. As mentioned in the passage, LucyA. works by herself in AfricaB. needs to test more elephant groupsC. has stopped elephants eating cropsD. has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms62. Why did Lucy throw a stone into a wild beehive?A. To record the sound of bees.B. To make a video of elephants.C. To see if elephants would run away.D. To find out more about the behavior of bees.63. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Young elephants ignore African honeybees.B. Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.C. Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them.D. Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.60. 【答案】D 61. 【答案】B 62. 【答案】A 63. 【答案】C二（2014北京卷）DMultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed (展示) at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop’s scent may not be outstanding compared with sightsand sounds, it is certainly the re. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’ intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pair s, scent is just as important to a brand’s success as the quality of its window displays and goods on slaes. That is mainly because shopping is avery different experience to what it used to be.Some years ago,the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants’ disproving attitude and don’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut (椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.67. According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store?A. Friendly assistant.B. Unique scents.C. Soft background musicD. attractive window display.68. E-shops are mentioned in the passage to _______ .A. show the advantages of brick-and-mortar storesB. urge shop assistants to change their attitudeC. push stores to use sights and soundsD. introduce the rise of e-commerce69. The underlined word ―destination‖ in Paragraph 5 means _______ .A. a platform that exhibts goodsB. a spot where travelers like to stayC.a place where customers love to goD. a target that a store expects to meet70. The main purpose of the passage is to ______ .A. compare and evaluateB. examine and assessC. argue and discussrm and explain67. 【答案】B 68. 【答案】A 69. 【答案】C 70. 【答案】D三（2014广东卷）DScientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流) . Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way --- by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years’ experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes — about 60,000 in total — fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing(海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1, 600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study.As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.41. The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______________.A. fitting roomsB. trading fairsC. business talksD. group meetings42. Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out _____________.A. what caused the shipping accidentB. when and where the shoes went missingC. whether it was all right to use their shoesD. how much they lost in the shipping accident43. How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?A. By collecting information from beachcombers.B. By studying the shoes found by beachcomber.C. By searching the web for ocean currents models.D. By researching ocean currents data in the library.44. Ebbesmeyer is most famous for ___________________.A. traveling widely the coastal cities of the worldB. making records for any lost objects on the seaC. running a global currents research associationD. phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea45. What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?A. To call people's attention to ocean pollution.B. To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.C. To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.D. To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.41.【答案】B 42. 【答案】C 43. 【答案】A 44. 【答案】D 45. 【答案】C四（2014湖北卷）CWorking with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding thenovel food just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they aren’t clever enough to solve them, but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don’t associate with the knowledgeable individuals, or they are too shy to use the information once they have it, information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.59. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The design of Dr. Carter’s res earch.B. The results of Dr. Carter’s research.C. The purpose of Dr. Carter’s research.D. The significance of Dr. Carter’s research.60. According to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?A. Those that have more experience.B. Those that can avoid potential risks.C. Those that like to work independently.D. Those that feel anxious about learning.61. Which best illustrates the ―mismatch‖ mentioned in Paragraph 4?A. Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.B. Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.C. Some baboons observe others but don’t follow them.D. Some baboons perform new tasks but don’t concentrate.62. Dr. Carter’s findings indicate that our culture might be formed through ______.A. storing informationB. learning from each otherC. understanding different peopleD. travelling between social groups59. 【答案】A 60. 【答案】D 61. 【答案】C 62. 【答案】B五（2014湖南卷）CThe behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its desig n when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放）by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016.But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own — though extremely important- is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been la r gely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.‘Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,’explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher，‘consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.’In other words，old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home.Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payers don’t have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. Without specific information，it’s hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback (反馈）facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.Social science research has added a further dimension (方面），suggesting that individuals’behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted 一whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器) , for example.Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and theirown behaviour in them.66. As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of________.A. zero-carbon homesB. the behaviour of building usersC. sustainable building designD. the reduction of carbon emissions67. The underlined word ―which‖ in Paragr aph 2 refers to‖________.‖A. the waysB. their homesC. developmentsD. existing efforts68. What are Katy Janda’s words mainly about?A. The importance of changing building users, habits.B. The necessity of making a careful building design.C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users.D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.69. The information gap in energy use_______.A. can be bridged by feedback facilitiesB. affects the study on energy monitorsC. brings about problems for smart metersD. will be caused by building users’old habits70. What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?A. The social science research is to be furthered.B. The education programme is under discussion.C. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.D. The behaviour preference of building users is similar.66. 【答案】B 67. 【答案】D 68. 【答案】A 69. 【答案】A 70. 【答案】C六（2014江苏卷）CMost damagingly, anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another.The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultaralforces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels(决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition （意向）that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and. as a result of this, we're likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are. the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring sitaation.61. The "duels" example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger _ .A. usually has a biological basisB. varies among peopleC. is socially and culturally shapedD. influences one's thinking and evaluation62. What changes can be found in an angry brain?A. Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.B. U nbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.C. E lectrical activity corresponds to one's behaviour.D. Electrical activity agrees with one's disposition.63. Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?A. Approaching the source of anger.B. Trying to control what is disliked.C. Moving away from what is disliked.D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger.64. What is the key message of the last paragraph?A. How anger differs from other emotions.B. How anger relates to other emotions.C. Behavioural responses to anger.D. Behavioural patterns of anger.61. 【答案】C 62. 【答案】B 63. 【答案】A 64. 【答案】D七（2014辽宁卷）AA new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops（笔记本电脑）.Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）. But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes ―mindlessly‖ by taking down word for word what the professors said.In the first experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.The researchers’ report said, ―While more notes arc beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more like ly the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears.‖In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time, the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes arc not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.21. More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can.A. write more notesB. digest concepts betterC. get higher scoresD. understand lectures better22. While taking notes, laptop users tend to be .A. skillfulB. mindlessC. thoughtfulD. tireless23. The author of the passage aims to ___ .A. examine the importance of long-term memoryB. stress the benefit of taking notes by handC. explain the process of taking notesD. promote the use of laptops24. The passage is likely to appear in ___ .A. a newspaper advertisementB. a computer textbookC. a science magazineD. a finance report21.【答案】A 22. 【答案】B 23. 【答案】B 24. 【答案】C八（2014辽宁卷）CWould it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and supp ort, passing around necessary nutrition ―depending on who needs it‖.Nitrogen（氮）and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi（真菌）networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons （神经元）in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.Simard talks about ―mother trees‖, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down ―mother trees‖ with no awareness of these highly complex ―tree societies‖ or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.―We didn’t take any notice of it.‖ Simard says sadly. ―Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.‖ If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.29. The underlined sentence ―the opposite is true‖ in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees.A. compete for survivalB. protect their own wealthC. depend on each otherD. provide support for dying trees30. ―Mother trees‖ are extremely important beca use they .A. l ook the largest in size in the forestB. pass on nutrition to young treesC. seem more likely to be cut down by humansD. know more about the complex ―tree societies‖31. The underlined word ―it‖ in the last paragraph refers to .A. h ow ―tree societies‖ workB. h ow trees grow oldC. h ow forestry industry developsD. h ow young trees survive32. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Old Trees Communicate Like HumansB. Young Trees Are In Need Of ProtectionC. Trees Are More Awesome Thart You ThinkD. Trees Contribute To Our Society29. 【答案】C 30. 【答案】B 31. 【答案】A32. 【答案】C九（2014山东卷）DHow fit are your teeth? Are you lazy about brushing them? Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone.The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week. It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right (don’t f orget the insides of the teeth!) and make sure you’re brushing long enough. ―It’s kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis,‖ says Thomas Serval, the French inventor.The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone, so developers could, for instance, create a game controlled by your toothbrush. You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. ―We try to make it smart but also fun,‖ Several says.Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said ―yes,‖ but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer, for $99 to $199, developing on features. The U.S. is the first target market.Serval says that one day, it’ll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera. The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush.56. Which is one of the feature of the Kolibree toothbrush?A. It can sense how users brush their teeth.B. It can track users’ school performance.C. It can detect users’ fear of seeing a dentist.D. It can help users find their phones.57. What can we learn from Serval’s words in Paragraph 3?A. You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.B. You should see your dentist on a day-to –day basis.C. You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.D. You’d like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.58. Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun?A. It can be used to update mobile phones.B. It can be used to play mobile phone gamesC. It can send messages to other usersD. It can talk to its developers.59. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?A. How Serval found out his kids lied to him.B. Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.C. How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.D. What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush60. What can we infer about Serval’s children?A. They were unwilling to brush their teethB. They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.C. They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.D. They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.61. What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree?A. The brush handle will be removed.B. A mobile phone will be built into it.C. It will be used to fill holes in teethD. It will be able to check users’ teeth56. 【答案】A 57. 【答案】C 58【答案】.B 59. 【答案】D 60. 【答案】A 61. 【答案】D 十（2014四川卷）DWith around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them arc still awake after the first IS minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas (睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting (警报) systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the "night owl" schedule ofThis is opposed to the "early bird" schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night.Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as "night owls" and only 10 percent can be classified as "early birds" - the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.43. What docs the author stress in Paragraph I?A. Many students are absent from class.B. Students are very tired on Monday mornings.C. Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.D. Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.44. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?A. Most students prefer to get up late in the morning.B. Students don't sleep well because of alerting systems.C. One's body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.D. Adolescents' delayed sleep/wake cycle isn't the preferred pattern.45. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "classified"?A. Criticised.B. Grouped.C. Organised.D. Named.46. What docs the text mainly talk about?A. Functions of the body clock.B. The "night owl" phenomenon.C. Human beings' sleep behaviour.D. The school schedule of "early birds".43. 【答案】C 44. 【答案】D45. 【答案】B46. 【答案】B十一（2014四川卷）EWomen are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin (荷尔蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently."Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others. But men lend to be competitive. They are trying to improve their social status," said Professor Ryan.Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social。
高中英语真题-Teain
高中英语真题:TeainTea Customs. Afternoon tea is said to have originated with one pers on; Anna, 7th Duchess of Bedford. In the early 1800's she launched the i dea of having tea in the late afternoon to bridge the gap between luncheon and dinner, which in fashionable circles might not be served until 8 o'clock at night. This fashionable custom soon evolved into hi gh tea among the working classes, where this late afternoon r epast became the main meal of the day.Tea Gardens. The popular pleasure gardens of Ranelagh and Vauxhall in began serving tea around 1730. An evening of dancing and watching firework s would be capped by tea. The concept caught on, and soon Tea Gardens opened all over . Usually the gardens were ope ned on Saturday and Sunday, and an afternoon of entertainm ent and dancing would be highlighted by serving tea.Tea Shops - that oh, so British establishment, can be traced to one person. In 1864 the woman manager of the Aerated Bread Company began the custom of servi ng food and drink to her customers. Her best customers were favoured with tea. Soon everyone was asking for the same tre atment. The concept of tea shops spread throughout like wildfire, not in the least because tea shops provided a place where an unchaperoned woman could meet her friends and socialize without damage to he r reputation.Tea and Pottery. What connection, you might be excused for asking, does tea have with the growth of the British pottery in dustry? Simply this: teain was traditionally drunk from cups without handles. When te a became popular in , there was a crying need for good cups with handles, to suit British habits. This made for tremendou s growthin the pottery and porcelain industry, and the prosperity of suc h companies as Wedgwood, Spode, and Royal Doulton.TeainTea Customs. Afternoon tea is said to have originated with one person; Anna, 7th Du chess of Be dford. In the early 1800's she launched the i dea of having tea in the late afternoon to bridge the gap between luncheon and dinner, which in fa shionable circles might not be served until 8 o'clock at night. This fashionable c ustom soon evolved into high tea among the working classes, where this late af ternoon repast became the main meal of the day.Tea Gardens. The popular pleasure gardens of Ranelagh and Vauxhall in beg an serving tea around 1730. An evening of dancing and watching fireworks would be cappe d by tea. The concept caught on, and soon Tea Gardens opened all over . Usu ally the gardens were opened on Saturday and Sunday, and an afternoon of en tertainment and dancing would be highlighted by serving tea.Tea Shops - that oh, so British establishment, can be traced to one person. In 1864 th e woman manager of the Aerated Bread Company began the custom of serving food and drink to her customers. Her best customers were favoured with tea. Soon everyone w as asking for the same treatment. The concept of tea shops spread throughout like wildfire, not in the least because tea shops provided a place where an unchaperoned woman could meet her friends and socialize without damage to her reputation.Tea and Pottery. What connection, you might be excused for asking, does tea h ave with the growth of the British pottery industry? Simply this: teain was traditionally drunk from cups without handles. When tea became popula r in , there was a crying need for good cups with handles, to suit British habits.This made for tremendous growthin the pottery and porcelain industry, and the prosperity of such companies as Wedgwood, Spode, and Royal Doulton.。
高中英语真题-(四川卷)2014年高考英语分类汇编(2014高考真题+模拟新题)
高中英语真题:（四川卷）2014年高考英语分类汇编（2014高考真题+模拟新题）T1 补全对话T1[2014·四川卷]Mary: Mike, how do I look in these blue jeans?Mike: __51__ They really suit you, Mary!Mary: Thanks, you know, these kinds of jeans are in style now. Mike: __52__Mary: I mean…they are very popular these days; everyone is w earing them!Mike: You are great at keeping up with fashions.Mary: Well, __53__Mike: Perhaps you can help me pick out a pair of jeans now, sin ce you are an expert.Mary: __54__ I would be happy to help you with your fashion change!Mike：__55__A. Wow, great!B. No problem!C. See you then.D. Any suggestions?E. I am a girl after all.F. What do you mean?G. Thank you so much！【要点综述】这是一则以牛仔裤为谈论话题的简短对话。
51. A 玛丽问迈克，她穿上牛仔裤怎么样，并根据后文的“Thanks, you know…”可知答案为A。
52. F 根据后文玛丽所说的“I mean…”可知答案为F。
53. E 根据上句迈克评价玛丽擅长跟随时尚可知答案为E。
54. B 根据上句迈克叫玛丽帮他挑牛仔裤可知答案为B。
外研版(2019)高中英语必修二Unit 1 Period 3同步练习1
外研版（2019）高中英语必修二Unit1Period3同步练习1一、选词填空(共1题；共9分)1．（9分）从方框中选出合适的短语，用其正确形式完成句子。
选项中有一项为多余选项。
belong to,end up,come from,make…from,give…a chance,catch up,pick up，try out，adaptto，make choices（1）（1分）If you try to memorise everything,you may remembering nothing.（2）（1分）As time went by,I gradually the school life.（3）（1分）Don't forget to some food on your way home.（4）（1分）Some of the stamps me,and the others are his.（5）（1分）We spent the whole night on each other's news.（6）（1分）My mum wants to the new recipe for the family gathering.（7）（1分）You need to about the sound quality when downloading this piece of music.（8）（1分）Those people who other countries seem to have fitted in with the way of life here.（9）（1分）I think we should to express his ideas.二、根据例句和中文提示，仿写句子。
(共5题；共25分)2．（5分）My fridge is usually half empty and I'm often too tired to eat much anyway.3．（5分）Cooking together gives us a chance to relax and catch up on each others days.4．（5分）In this house,no family meal is complete without some form of meat.5．（5分）With five children,we're one big family!6．（5分）The combination of spicy,salty,sweet and sour flavours makes Gong Bao Chicken hard to resist.三、根据括号中的汉语，完成句子。
茶艺英语
茶学专业英语词汇茶叶品种 Tea varietiesTea 茶 Green tea 绿茶Black tea 红茶 White tea 白茶Scented tea花茶 Pu'er tea普洱茶Yellow tea 黄茶 Dark tea黑茶Sincha 新茶Teabag 袋泡茶 Herbal tea [ˈɜ:rbl]花草茶Jasmine tea 茉莉花茶Block Pu’er tea 普洱（砖）Aged Pu'er tea 陈年普洱 Oolong tea；Oulung tea 乌龙茶Bohea tea [boʊ'hi:] 武夷茶Kungfu Tea；Gongfu Tea 功夫茶Keemun Tea; Qimen tea 祁门茶中国名茶 Chinese famous teaWhite tipped oolong白毫乌龙 Wuyi rock tea武夷岩茶Green blade煎茶 Yellow mountain fuzz tip黄山毛峰Green spiral[ˈspaɪrəl] 碧螺春 Gunpowder 珠茶Age cake puer青沱 Pile cake puer青饼Jun mountain silver needle君山银针 White tip silver needle银针白毫White penoy [ˈpiəni]白牡丹 Long brow jade dew [du:]玉露Rode tea大红袍 Cassia tea肉桂Narcissus [nɑrˈsɪsəs]水仙Finger citron['sɪtrən佛手Roast oolong熟火乌龙 Osmanthus oolong [ɒz'mæn θəs]桂花乌龙Ginseng oolong人参乌龙茶 Jasmine tea茉莉花茶Rose bulb玫瑰绣球 Smoke black烟熏红茶Light oolong清茶 Anji white安吉白茶Liu’an leaf六安瓜片 Fenghuang unique bush凤凰单从Tea power茶粉 Fine powder tea抹茶茶叶加工 Tea processingTea bush：茶树 Tea harvesting：采青Tea leaves：茶青 Withering：萎凋Sun withering 日光萎凋 Indoor withering 室内萎凋Setting 静置 Tossing 搅拌（浪青）Fermentation 发酵 Oxidation 氧化Roll-breaking 解块 Sifting 过筛Grading 分级 Blending 拼配Solar withering 晒青 Stirring 摇青Instant tea 速溶茶 Extract 提取Fixation 杀青 Steaming 蒸青Stir fixation 炒青 Baking 烘青Sunning晒青 Rolling 揉捻Light rolling 轻揉 Heavy rolling 重揉Cloth rolling 布揉 Drying 干燥Pan firing 炒干 Baking 烘干Sunning 晒干 Piling 渥堆Refining 精制 Screening 筛分Cutting 剪切 De-stemming 把梗Shaping 整形 Winnowing 风选Blending 拼配 pressing 紧压Re-drying 覆火 Aging 陈放Added process 加工 Roasting 焙火Scenting 熏花 Spicing 调味Tea beverage 茶饮料 Packing 包装Vacuum packing 真空包装 Nitrogen packs 充氮包装Shredded-tea bag 碎形小茶袋 Leave-tea bag 原片小袋茶茶叶审评 Tea tasting and termsTea tasting and terms 茶叶审评 Taster 评茶师Kettle 茶壶 Infuse 冲泡Teabags 袋泡茶 Infusion 茶汤Body 浓 Thickness 浓厚Brisk 鲜爽Ripe 熟Round smooth 圆滑适口 Brisk taste 味甘Delicate fragrance 香郁茶叶贸易 Tea tradingTrue to its kind 原产地 Organoliptic 感官的Auctioneers 拍卖师 Marketability 销路Broker 经纪人 Intermediaries 中介Bid 出价 Retailers 零售商Wholesalers 批发商 Agents 代理商Retail packs 零售包装 Canister 茶叶罐饮茶方式 Drink teaUtensil 用具 Kettle 水壶Teaspoon 茶匙 Tea house 茶馆Teapot 茶壶 Tea set； tea service 茶具Tea strainer 茶漏 Tea pad茶垫Tea plate茶船 Tea pitcher 茶盅Lid saucer 盖置 Tea serving tray 奉茶盘Tea cup 茶杯 Cup saucer 杯托Tea towel tray 茶巾盘 Tea holder 茶荷Tea towel 茶巾 Tea brush 茶拂Timer 定时器 Water heater 煮水器Heating base 煮水器底座 Tea cart 茶车Seat cushion 座垫 Cup cover 杯套Packing wrap保壶巾 Tea ware bag茶具袋Covered bowl 盖碗 Tea spoon 茶匙Tea ware 茶器 Thermos 热水瓶Tea canister 茶罐 Tea um 茶瓮Tea table 茶桌 Side table 侧柜Tea bowl 茶碗 Spout bowl 有流茶碗Tea tray； teaboard 茶盘 Tea canister；caddy 茶罐Tea oil 茶油 Tea seed oil 茶籽油Purple granulated；purple sand；terra-cotta 紫砂Purple clay teapot；purple sand teapot 紫砂壶Tea ceremony 茶艺 Tea-tasting 品茶Sado；tea-making 茶道泡茶程序 Making tea procedurePrepare tea ware 备具Prepare water备水 Warm pot温壶Prepare tea备茶 Recognize tea识茶Appreciate tea赏茶 Warm pitcher 温盅Put in tea 置茶 Smell fragrance 闻香First infusion第一道茶 Set timer计时Warm cups 烫杯 Pour tea倒茶Prepare cups 备杯 Divide tea 分类Serve tea by cups 端杯奉茶 Second infusion冲第二道茶Serve tea by pitcher 持盅奉茶 Supply snacks or water 供应茶点或品泉Take out brewed leaves去渣 Appreciate leaves 赏叶底Rinse pot 涮壶 Return to seat 归位Rinse pitcher 清盅 Collect cups 收杯Conclude 结束茶艺英语English for Tea Art第一篇茶具介绍Chapter 1 Introduction of Tea Utensil第一节烧水器皿Ⅰ.Water Heating Devices一、基本句型Sentence patterns1、这是炭炉。
高一英语(完形填空与阅读理解加油站二)
教师辅导讲义D.it ranks first in terms of the number of drinkers other than water2.Why is tea called a health drink?A.Because it contains as much vitamin C as green vegetables.B.Because it can cure many diseases like caner, heart problem, etc.C.Because its nutritional value can be compared to that of vegetables.D.Because a person doesn't have to have any vegetables if he drinks five cups of tea a day.3.Which of the following is TRUE?A.The custom of serving tea varies with each culture.B.Japanese today still enjoy the traditional tea ceremony very much.C.Lighter teas are often served with meals to help digestion.D.Stronger teas are preferred because it helps to interfere with the body's absorption of iron to stay slim.4.Which of the following best sums up the main idea of the text?A.Tea — the global health drink — has a history of over 2000 years.B.Tea — the global health drink — is a symbol of a nation's culture.C.Tea — the global health drink — enjoys a great popularity all over the world.D.Tea — the global health drink — originated in China and has become its national drink.II. Put the following phrases either in English or Chinese according to the reading passage1. a serving of _______________2. loose tea_______________3. tend to _________________4. a time-honoured tradition______________5.powdered green tea ______________6. 干扰______________7. 茶道 _______________ 8. 设立，建立_______________9. 追溯到 _______________ 10. 把 ....... 比作______________Ⅲ. Fill in the blank with the words or phrases in the reading passage1.Tea has long been regarded as ___________ that helps one live longer.2.I am __________ a s to how to solve these problems.3.Tea is believed to be indigenous (本土的；专属某地的) to China. Did rice wine also____________ in China?4.Too much fat in one's meal may cause poor__________ , and thus can result in stomachache.5.There are a number of churches in Britain that ___________ the 13th century.6.Too much pressure from the teacher can ____________ c hildren's performance at school.IV. Translation1．杰克声称他发现了一种新的化学元素，但没人相信他。
2022高考(人教)英语必修1U2基础考点和拓展练习及答案
2022高考（人教）英语必修1U2基础考点和拓展练习及答案Ⅰ.高考单词→识记·思考·运用1．核心词汇①________ n．&vt.恳求；要求②________ n．&vt.命令；指令；把握③________ adj.本国的；本地的；n.本国人；本地人④latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的(反义词)________ adj.较前的；前半的；(两者中)前者的⑤expression n．词语；表示；表达________ vt.表达⑥recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认________ n．识别；认出；承认⑦base vt.以……为依据n．基部；基地；基础________ adj.基本的；基础的________ n．基础；基本原则⑧usage n．使用；用法；词语惯用法________ n．&v．使用，利用________ adj.有用的________ adj.无用的答案①request②command ③native④former⑤express ⑥recognition⑦basic；basis ⑧use；useful；useless2．常考词汇①voyage n．________________②actually adv.________________③identity n．________________④straight adv.________________ adj.________________⑤official adj.________________ officially adv.________________⑥gradual adj.________________ gradually adv.________________⑦fluent adj.________________ fluently adv.________________ ⑧frequent adj.________________ frequently adv._____________⑨eastern adj.________________ southeastern adj._________________northwestern adj.__________________western adj.________________ eastwards adv.________________westwards adv.________________答案①航行；航海②事实上；实际上③本身；本体；身份④直接；挺直直的；笔直的；正直的⑤官方的；正式的；公务的官方地，正式地⑥渐渐的；逐步的渐渐地；逐步地⑦流利的；流畅的流利地；流畅地⑧频繁的；常见的经常；频繁地⑨东方的；东部的东南方的；来自东南的西北方的；来自西北的西方的；来自西的向东向西用所给单词的适当形式填空1．The title will be ________ (official)given to me at a ceremony in London.(2022·全国Ⅰ，语法填空) 2．I made friends with the ________ (native)，and their reaction amazed me.(2022·浙江，完形) 3．Such start-up fatigue(劳累)is very real，even if not ________ (actual)physical，not something in our muscles and bones.(2022·天津，阅读D)4．I went to a workshop and ________ (gradual)got good at making things with clay(黏土)．(2022·天津，阅读表达)5．However，it is also hard to keep a code(密码)book secret for long.So codes must be changed________ (frequent)．(2022·全国Ⅰ，七选五)6．We ________ (recognize)that Kurt wasn't just trying to make a sale.(2022·江苏，完形)7．After only six months of being cared for，the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily________ (express)．(2022·全国Ⅱ，阅读C)8．Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students' attention to speaking more ________ (fluent)．(2021·安徽，阅读A)9．El Niño(厄尔尼诺)sees warm water，collected over several years in the ________(west)Pacific，flow back ________ (east)when winds that normally blow ________(west)weaken，or sometimes the otherway round.(2022·江苏，阅读C)答案 1.officially 2.natives 3．actually 4.gradually 5.frequently 6．recognized7.expressions 8.fluently9.western；eastwards；westwards【联想·积累】❶“恳求，要求”家族①ask vt.& vi.要求，恳求②claim vt.对……提出要求③desire vt.要求，恳求④demand n．&vt.要求⑤request n．&vt.要求，恳求⑥require vt.要求，命令⑦requirement n．要求❷后缀-ern构成的方位形容词集锦①eastern东方的，东部的，来自东方的②western西方的，西部的；在西方的，在西部的③southern南方的，南部的④northern北方的，北部的⑤northwestern (在)西北的，向西北的，来自西北的⑥southeastern东南(部)的⑦midwestern 中西部的；有中西部特性的❸前缀en-构成的高频动词①enrich 使充实②enable 使能够③enlarge 使扩大④encourage 鼓舞⑤ensure 确保；担保⑥endanger 使患病危急❹词形相近词对比速记①latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的②late adj.迟的，晚的，迟到的adv.迟，晚③latest adj.最新的；最近的④later adv.后来adj.后期的⑤lately adv.近来；最近Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用1．动词＋介词/副词①come ________ 走近；上来；提出②leave ________ 动身去……答案①up②for2．动词＋名词(＋介词)①play a ________ (in) 扮演一个角色；参与②make ________ of 利用；使用答案①part②use3．其他形式①more ________ 超过；格外；不只是；不仅是②because ________ 由于；由于③________ present 现在；目前④believe ________ or not 信不信由你⑤be based ________ 以……为基础⑥even________ 即便，即使答案①than②of③at④it⑤on⑥though/if用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1．Adult scientists simply ____________ the same drive that served them as children.(2022·浙江，阅读C)2．Milk can be excellent for helping sleep ____________ the calcium(钙)content，which helps people to relax.(2022·四川，阅读D)3．The solution which ____________ in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step.(2022·天津，阅读D)4．Anxious，I was unable to keep focused for ____________ an hour at a time.(2022·北京，阅读A) 答案 1.make use of 2.because of 3.had come up 4.more than【联想·积累】“make＋n.＋介词”短语荟萃①make advantages/use of 使用，利用②make the most/best of 尽量利用；充分利用③make way for 为……让路，让路于④make contact with 接通，与……接触，与……联系⑤make an appointment with sb 与……商定⑥make a fool of 愚弄，哄骗Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用原句背诵感悟1．So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。
日常英语单词分类
数字Eleven [i'levən] 十一Twelve [twelve] 十二Thirteen ['θə:'ti:n] 十三Fourteen ['fɔ:'ti:n] 十四Fifteen ['fifti:n] 十五nineteen [,nain'ti:n] 十九twenty ['twenti] 二十thirty ['θə:ti] 三十first [fə:st] 第一second ['sekənd] 第二third [θə:d] 第三forth [fɔ:θ] 第四fifth [fifθ] 第五tenth [tenθ] 第十hundred ['hʌndrəd] 百thəu sand ['θauzənd] 千million ['miljən] 百万billion ['biljən] 十亿时间season ['si:zən] 四季meridiem [mə'ridi:əm] 正午A.M. (a.m.) （ante meridiem）morning上午P.M. (p.m.)（post meridiem）afternoon下午spring [spriŋ] 春天summer ['sʌmə] 夏天fall [fɔ:l] 秋天winter ['wintə] 冬天yesterday ['jestədi,-dei] 昨天tomorrow [tə'mɔrəu, -'mɔ:-] 明天Monday ['mʌndi] 星期一Tuesday ['tju:zdi; -dei] 星期二Wednesday ['wenzdi; -dei] 星期三Thursday ['θə:zdi; -dei] 星期四Friday ['fraidi] 星期五Saturday ['sætədi; -dei] 星期六Sunday ['sʌndei] 星期天weekend [,wi:k'end, 'wi:kend] 周末Jan.(January) ['dʒænjuəri] 一月Feb. (February) ['februəri] 二月Mar. (March) [ma:tʃ] 三月Apr. (April) ['eiprəl] 四月May [mei] 五月June [dʒu:n] 六月July [dʒu:'lai] 七月Aug. (August) [ɔ:'gʌst] 八月Sept. (September) [sep'tembə] 九月Oct. (October) [ɔk'təubə] 十月Nov. (November) [nəu'vembə] 十一月Dec. (December) [di'sembə] 十二月饮食nutrition [nju:’triʃən] 营养appetite [‘æpitait] 胃口hunger [‘hʌŋgə] 饥饿thirst [θə:st] 口渴hungry [‘hʌŋgri] 饥饿的thirsty [‘θə:sti] 口渴的gluttony [‘glʌtəni] 暴食greed [gri:d] 贪嘴overfeeding 吃得过多diet [‘daiət] 食谱banquet [‘bæŋkwit] 宴会breakfast [‘brekfəst] 早餐lunch [lʌntʃ] 午餐dinner [‘dinə] 正餐supper [‘sʌpə] 晚饭səup [su:p] 汤entree [‘ɔntrei] 正菜dessert [di’zə:t] 甜点snack [snæk] 点心小吃can [kæn] 罐头tin [tin] 听，罐头fruit [fru:t] 水果vegetable [‘vedʒitəbl] 蔬菜beancurd ['bi:nkə:d] 豆腐crisp [krisp] 炸土豆片chips [tʃips] 炸薯条milk [milk] 奶egg [eg] 蛋肉类meat [mi:t] 肉beef [bi:f] 牛肉veal [vi:l] 小牛肉lamb [læm] 羔羊肉mutton [‘mʌtən] 羊肉sirloin [‘sə:lɔin] 牛里脊肉steak [steik] 牛排chop [tʃɔp] 排骨cutlet [‘kʌtlit] 肉条stew [stju:, stu:] 炖；焖；炖肉roast [rəust] 烤肉pork [pɔ:k] 猪肉ham [hæm] 火腿bacon [‘beikən] 培根；咸肉；熏肉sausage [‘sɔsidʒ] 香肠；腊肠chicken [‘tʃikin] 鸡肉turkey [‘tə:ki] 火鸡duck [dʌk] 鸭fish [fiʃ] 鱼broth [brɔθ] 肉汤调料spice [spais] 调料salt [sɔ:lt] 盐vinegar [‘vinigə] 醋sauce [sɔ:s] 酱油oil [ɔil] 油salad ['sæləd] 色拉salad oil 色拉油pepper [‘pepə] 辣椒；胡椒；胡椒粉mustard [‘mʌstəd] 芥末clove [kləuv] 丁香cheese [tʃi:z] 奶酪butter [‘bʌtə] 奶油主食noodle [‘nu:dl] 面条rice [rais] 米饭loaf [ləuf] 长面包biscuit [‘biskit] (英)饼干；(美)小甜品cracker ['krækə] 饼干（美）Pizza ['pi:tsə] 比萨饼bread [bred] 面包crust [krʌst] 面包皮cake [keik] 蛋糕cookie [‘kuki] 甜饼干，曲奇饼（美）mooncake [‘mu:nkeik] 月饼pie [pai] 馅饼hamburg [‘hæmbə:g] 汉堡包pancake ['pænkeik] 薄煎饼sandwich ['sænwidʒ] 三明治；夹肉面包饮料tea [ti:] 茶coffee ['kɔfi] 咖啡juice [dʒu:s] 果汁wine [wain] 葡萄酒beverage ['bevəridʒ] 饮料drink [driŋk] 酒，饮料mineral water ['minərəl 'wɔ:tə] 矿泉水lemonade [,lemə’neid] 柠檬水beer [biə] 啤酒claret [‘klærət] 红葡萄酒cider [‘saidə] 苹果酒champagne [,ʃæm’pein] 香槟酒cocktail [‘kɔk,teil] 鸡尾酒vodka [‘vɔdkə] 伏特加whisky [‘wiski] 威士忌brandy [‘brændi] 白兰地martini [ma:’ti:ni] 马提尼酒（鸡尾酒）餐具menu [‘menju:] 菜单菜谱bowl [bəul] 碗table [‘teibl] 餐桌tablecloth [‘teiblklɔθ] 桌布napkin [‘næpkin] 餐巾cutlery [‘kʌtləri] 餐具fork [fɔ:k] 叉spoon [spu:n] 匙，勺子teaspoon [‘ti:spu:n] 茶匙ladle [‘leidl] 长柄勺knife [naif] 刀glass [gla:s] 玻璃杯bottle [‘bɔtl] 瓶子cup [kʌp] 杯子saucer [‘sɔ:sə] 茶碟，咖啡碟teapot [‘ti:pɔt] 茶壶coffeepot [] 咖啡壶tray [trei] 托盘甜食honey [‘hʌni] 蜂蜜sugar [‘ʃugə] 糖chocolate [‘tʃɔkəlit] 巧克力candy [‘kændi] 糖果compote [‘kɔmpəut] 蜜饯，糖煮水果jam [dʒæm] 果酱味觉səur [‘sauə] 酸的sweet [swi:t] 甜的bitter [‘bitə] 苦的hot [hɔt] 辣的salty [‘sɔ:lti] 咸的deliciəus [di’liʃəs] 美味的水果apple [‘æpl] 苹果pear [pεə] 梨apricot [‘eiprikɔt] 杏peach [pi:tʃ] 桃grape [greip] 葡萄banana [bə’na:nə] 香蕉pineapple [‘pain,æpl] 菠萝plum [plʌm] 李子watermelon ['wɔ:təmelən, 'wɔ-] 西瓜orange [‘ɔrindʒ] 橙，桔子lemon [‘lemən] 柠檬mango [‘mæŋgəu] 芒果strawberry [‘strɔ:bəri] 草莓loquat [‘ləukwɔt] 枇杷mulberry [‘mʌlbəri] 桑椹cherry [‘tʃeri] 樱桃pomegranate [‘pɔmgrænit] 石榴fig [fig] 无花果persimmon [pə’simən] 柿子walnut ['wɔ:lnʌt, -nət] 胡桃，核桃hazelnut [‘heizəlnʌt] 榛子peanut [‘pi:nʌt] 花生date [‘deit] 枣chestnut [‘tʃesnʌt] 粟子coconut [‘kəukənʌt] 椰子，可可果guava [‘gwa:və] 番石榴sugarcane [‘ʃugə,kein] 甘蔗蔬菜tomato [tə’ma:təu] 番茄，西红柿asparagus [ə’s pærəgəs] 芦笋cucumber [‘kju:kʌmbə] 黄瓜eggplant ['egpla:nt,-plænt] 茄子bean [bi:n] 豆，菜豆beetroot [‘bi:t,ru:t] 甜菜根potato [pə’teitəu] 马铃薯carrot [‘kærət] 胡萝卜cauliflower ['kɔli,flauə] 花菜pumpkin [‘pʌmpkin] 南瓜cabbage [‘kæbidʒ] 圆白菜，卷心菜chilli [‘tʃili] 红辣椒capsicum [‘kæpsikəm] 辣椒garlic [‘ga:lik] 蒜fennel [‘fenl] 茴香melon [‘melən] 香瓜，甜瓜celery [‘seləri] 芹菜onion [‘ʌnjən] 葱leek [li:k] 韭菜radish [‘rædiʃ] 萝卜mushroom [‘mʌʃru:m] 蘑菇lettuce [‘letis] 莴苣，生菜pea [pi:] 豌豆spinach ['spinidʒ, -itʃ] 菠菜服饰clothes [kləuðz] 衣服，服装clothing ['kləuðiŋ] 服装suit [sju:t,su:t] 男西装，男外衣dress [dres] 女装，连衣裙uniform ['ju:nifɔ:m] 制服coat [kəut] 外套jacket ['dʒækit] 夹克，短上衣pocket ['pɔkit] 衣袋，口袋sleeve [sli:v] 袖子，衣袖shirt [ʃə:t] 衬衫，内衣sweater ['swetə] 毛衣，运动衫trəusers ['trauzəz] 裤子belt [belt] 腰带skirt [skə:t] 裙子slip [slip] 长衬裙；肩带式女长内衣handkerchief ['hæŋkətʃif,-tʃi:f] 手帕shoe [ʃu:] 鞋sole [səul] 鞋底heel [hi:l] 鞋后跟，脚后跟boot [bu:t] 靴子glove [g lʌv] 手套tie [tai] 领带cotton ['kɔtən] 棉花ring [riŋ] 戒指necklace [’neklis] 项链perfume [pə’fju:m] 香水purse [pə:s] 手提包，钱包，女用包muffler [’mʌflə] 围巾jeans [dʒi:nz]牛仔裤shorts [ʃɔ:ts] 短裤，内裤sandal ['sædəl] 凉鞋，拖鞋，便鞋vest [vest] 背心，汗衫sneaker ['sni:kə] 运动鞋pants [pænts] 裤子；短裤bra [bra:] 乳罩stocking [’stɔkiŋ] 长袜，长筒袜sock [sɔk] 短袜，袜子apron [’eiprən] 围裙slipper [’slipə] 拖鞋earring [’iəriŋ] 耳环，耳饰lipstick [’lipstik] 口红，唇膏tissue ['tiʃju:, -sju:] 纸巾，面纸raincoat [’reinkəut] 雨衣button [’bʌtən] 纽扣collar [’kɔlə] 衣领，领子wallet [’wɔlit] 钱包，皮夹bləuse [blauz] 女衬衫天气meteorology [,mi:tiə'rɔlədʒi] 气象学atmosphere [‘ætmə,sfiə] 大气climate [‘klaimit] 气候weather [‘weðə] 天气fine [fain] adj.晴天clear [kliə] adj.晴朗的sunny [‘sʌni] adj.晴朗的，暖和的rainy [‘reini] adj.下雨的，多雨的dull [dʌl] adj.阴天的，多云的windy [‘windi] adj.刮风的，有风的temperature [‘tempəritʃə] 气温，温度season [‘si:zən] 季节，四季spring [spriŋ] 春天summer [‘sʌmə] 夏天，夏季autumn [‘ɔ:təm] 秋天，秋季fall [fɔ:l] （美）秋天，秋季winter [‘wintə] 冬天，冬季frost [frɔst] 霜hail [heil] 冰雹snow [snəu] 雪thunder [‘θʌndə] 雷wind [wind] 风mist [mist] 薄雾cləud [klaud] 云，阴云haze [heiz] 阴霾，薄雾rain [rein] 雨downpəur [‘daunpɔ:] 暴雨shower [‘ʃauə] 阵雨storm [stɔ:m] 暴风雨，风暴lightning [‘laitniŋ] 闪电hurricane [‘hʌrikən] 飓风，暴风cyclone [‘saikləun] 旋风，飓风typhoon [tai’fu:n] 台风tornado [tɔ:’neidəu] 龙卷风gale [geil] 季节风，大风，狂风breeze [bri:z] 微风monsoon [mɔn'su:n] 季风，雨季，季候风fog [fɔg] 浓雾dew [dju:, du:] 露水humidity [hju:’midəti] 潮湿，湿度freeze [fri:z] 冰冻drəught [draut] 干旱rainbow [‘reinbəu] 彩虹flood [flʌd] 洪水tide [taid] 潮汐，潮水earthquake [‘ə:θkweik] 地震sunlight [‘sʌnlait] 阳光，日光，日照sunshine [‘sʌnʃain] 阳光，日光，日照身体head [hed] 头hair [hεə] 头发face [feis] 脸cheek [tʃi:k] 脸颊ear [iə] 耳朵eye [ai] 眼睛lid [lid] 眼睑nose [nəuz] 鼻子məuth [mauθ] 嘴lip [lip] 嘴唇throat [θrəut] 咽喉，嗓子tonsil [’tɔnsil] 扁桃体，扁桃腺tooth [tu:θ] 牙齿denture [’dentʃə] 假齿gum [gʌm] 牙龈tongue [tʌŋ] 舌头neck [nek] 脖子skull [skʌl] 颅骨，头盖骨brain [brein] 脑chin [tʃin] 下巴forehead [’fɔrid] 额头，前额temple [’templ] 太阳穴，鬓角mustache [mə'stɑ:ʃ, 'mʌstæʃ] 小胡子beard [biəd] 山羊胡，胡须whisker [’hwiskə] 络腮胡，胡须sidebums [] 鬓角sideburns ['saidbə:nz] 鬓脚；连鬓胡子baldhead ['bɔ:ldhed] 秃头，秃顶wrinkle [’riŋkl] 皱纹mole [məul] 痣freckle [’frekl] 雀斑dimple [’dimpl] 酒涡pimple [’pimpl] 粉刺，疙瘩，青春痘，丘疹nipple [’nipl] 乳头chest [tʃest] 胸部navel [’neivəl] 肚脐abdomen [æb'dəumen, 'æbdəmen] 腹部，腹腔shəulder [’ʃəuldə] 肩，肩膀，肩部back [bæk] 背部；手背waist [weist] 腰，腰部hip [hip] 臀部buttock [’bʌtək] 屁股，半边臀部finger ['fiŋgə] 手指thumb [θʌm] 大拇指forefinger [’fɔ:,fiŋgə] 食指middle finger [] 中指third finger [] 无名指little finger [] 小指palm [pa:m] 手掌nail [neil] 指甲fist [fist] 拳头knuckle [’nʌkl] 指关节wrist [rist] 手腕，腕关节elbow [’elbəu] 肘部armpit [’ɑ:mpit] 腋下，腋窝thigh [θai] 大腿kneecap [‘ni:kæp] 膝盖骨knee [ni:] 膝盖，膝shank [ʃæŋk] 小腿calf [ka:f, kæf] 小腿肚foot [fut] 脚instep [’instep] 脚背toe [təu] 脚趾；足尖ankle [’æŋkl] 踝，踝关节heel [hi:l] 脚后跟；鞋后跟sole [səul] 脚底；鞋底arch [a:tʃ] 脚掌心，足弓日用品comb [kəum] 梳子glass [gla:s, glæs] 玻璃杯umbrella [ʌm’brelə] 雨伞bag [bæg] 袋子，包handbag [‘hændbæg] 手提包handkerchief [‘hæŋkətʃif] 手帕；头巾，围巾purse [pə:s] 钱包wallet [‘wɔlit] 钱包，皮夹watch [wɔtʃ] 手表match [mætʃ] 火柴chair [tʃεə] 椅子armchair [,a:m'tʃεə, 'a:m-] 扶手椅bench [bentʃ] 长椅子，长凳rug [rʌg] 小地毯，地毯carpet [‘ka:pit] 大地毯，地毯desk [desk] 书桌，办公桌fan [fæn] 风扇furniture [‘fə:nitʃə] 家具bed [bed] 床bedclothes ['bedkləuðz] 铺盖，床上用品blanket [‘blæŋkit] 毛毯，毯子pillow [‘piləu] 枕头quilt [kwilt] 棉被，被子sheet [ʃi:t] 床单mat [mæt] 席子cushion [‘kuʃən] 垫子curtain [‘kə:tən] 窗帘，帘子suitcase [‘sju:tkeis] 手提箱；衣箱cupboard [‘kʌbəd] 碗柜，橱柜drawer [drɔ:] 抽屉stool [stu:l] 凳子clock [klɔk] 时钟light [‘lait] 灯lamp [læmp] 灯needle [‘ni:dl] 针thread [θred] 线bathroom [‘ba:θrum] 浴室，厕所mirror [‘mirə] 镜子soap [səup] 肥皂towel [‘tauəl] 毛巾，手巾lavatory [‘lævətəri] 洗脸盆，厕所toothpaste [‘tu:θpeist] 牙膏closet [‘klɔzit] 壁橱screen [skri:n] 屏风，屏幕shelf [ʃelf] 架子，搁板rack [ræk] 行李架toilet [‘tɔilit] 卫生间，厕所tap [tæp] 水龙头bath [ba:θ] 浴缸，浴盆sponge [spʌndʒ] 海绵thermometer [θə’mɔmitə] 温度计，体温计bulb [bʌlb] 灯泡switch [switʃ] 开关plug [plʌg] 插头telephone [‘telifəun] 电话hook [huk] 挂钩，衣钩toothbrush [‘tu:θbrʌʃ] 牙刷perfume [pə’fju:m] 香水torch [tɔ:tʃ] 手电筒，火把battery [‘bætəri] 电池lock [lɔk] 锁trunk [trʌŋk] 大衣箱；车后行李箱（美）antique [æn’ti:k] 古玩，古董cradle [‘kreidl] 摇篮television [‘teli,viʒən] 电视机radio [‘reidiəu] 收音机microphone [‘maikrəfəun] 麦克风，话筒refrigerator [ri’fridʒəreitə] 冰箱stereo [‘ste ri,əu] 立体音响系统(或设备) glue [glu:] 胶水，胶eraser [i’reizə] 橡皮擦工具toolbox [‘tu:l,bɔks] 工具箱bench [bentʃ] 工作台，钳工台vice [vais] 老虎钳saw [sɔ:] 锯plane [plein] 刨子file [‘fail] 锉square [skwεə] 直角尺，丁字尺hammer [‘hæmə] 锤子nail [neil] 钉子brad [bræd] 平头钉，无头钉，曲头钉screw [skru:] 螺丝钉screwdriver [‘skru:,draivə] 螺丝刀，改锥ruler [‘ru:lə] 尺sandpaper [‘sænd,peipə] 砂纸spanner [‘spænə] 扳手（英国）wrench [rentʃ] 扳手（美国）drill [dril] 钻，钻头nut [nʌt] 螺母，螺帽bolt [bəult] 螺栓pin [pin] 大头针，针spade [speid] 铁锹，铲子fork [fɔ:k] 叉子shovel [‘ʃʌvəl] 铁锹，铲rake [reik] 耙子roller [‘rəulə] 滚筒；滚轴sickle [‘sikl] 镰刀brush [brʌʃ] 刷子，毛笔，画笔scissors [‘sizəz] 剪子，剪刀pickaxe ['pikæks] 丁字镐，鹤嘴锄axe [æks] 斧子lever [‘li:və] 杠杆crank [kræŋk] 曲柄，曲轴lathe [leið] 车床clip [klip] 回形针；夹子compass [‘kʌmpəs] 指南针，罗盘ladder [‘lædə] 梯子公共设施school [sku:l] 学校university [,ju:ni’və:səti] 大学college [‘kɔlidʒ] 学院institute [‘institju t] 学会，协会；学院hospital [‘hɔspitəl] 医院clinic [‘klinik] 诊所shop [ʃɔp] 商店（英）store [stɔ:] 商店（美）bookshop [‘bukʃɔp] 书店bookstore [‘bukstɔ:] 书店market [‘ma:kit] 市场，集市supermarket [‘sju:pə,ma:kit] 超级市场，超市hotel [həu’tel] 旅馆，客栈restaurant [‘restərɔnt] 餐厅，饭馆bar [ba:] 酒吧cafe [‘kæfei] 咖啡馆dining-room [‘dainiŋru:m] 餐厅，食堂bank [bæŋk] 银行cəurt [kɔ:t] 法院port [pɔ:t] 港口laboratory [lə’bɔrətəri] 实验室library [‘laibrəri] 图书馆airport [‘εəpɔ:t] 飞机场church [tʃə:tʃ] 教堂kindergarten [‘kində,ga:tən] 幼儿园，幼稚园museum [mju:’ziəm] 博物馆station [‘steiʃən] 车站cinema [‘sinəmə] 电影院，电影theater [‘θiətə] 剧院，戏院club [klʌb] 俱乐部gymnasium [dʒim’neiziəm] 体育馆，健身房gym [dʒim] 体育馆，健身房park [pa:k] 公园，停车场zoo [zu:] 动物园post office ['pəust'ɔfis] 邮局交通工具ambulance [‘æmbjuləns] 救护车bike [baik] 自行车（口语）bicycle [‘b aisikl] 自行车motorcycle [‘məutə,saikl] 摩托车cart [ka:t] 二轮马车carriage [‘kæridʒ] 四轮马车car [ka:] 小汽车jeep [dʒi:p] 吉普车tractor [‘træktə] 拖拉机lorry [‘lɔ:ri] 重型卡车truck [trʌk] 卡车bus [bʌs] 公共汽车coach [kəutʃ] 四轮大马车van [væn] 厢式货车taxi [‘tæksi] 计程车，出租汽车subway [‘sʌbwei] 地铁railway [‘reilwei] 铁路train [trein] 火车locomotive [‘ləukə,məutiv] 火车头，机车express [ik’s pres] 快客列车，快车boat [bəut] 小船ship [ʃip] 船yacht [jɔt] 游艇vessel [‘vesəl] 大船warship [‘wɔ:ʃip] 军舰，战船aeroplane [‘εərəplein] 飞机plane [plein] 飞机aircraft [‘εəkra:ft] 飞机airplane [‘εəplein] 飞机jet [dʒet] 喷气式飞机spaceship [‘speisʃip] 宇宙飞船space shuttle [spies 'ʃʌtl] 航天飞机helicopter [‘helikɔptə] 直升飞机颜色pink [piŋk] 粉红色；粉红的brown [braun] 褐色，棕色；褐色的棕色的chocolate [‘tʃɔkəlit] 深褐色，红褐色；深褐色的camel [‘kæməl] 驼色；驼色的green [gri:n] 绿色；绿色的blue [blu:] 蓝色；蓝色的red [red] 红色；红色的purple [‘pə:pl] 紫色；紫色的violet [‘vaiələt] 紫色；紫色的，紫罗兰色的white [wait] 白色；白色的ivory [‘aivəri] 乳白色；乳白色的gray [grei] 灰色；灰色的scarlet [‘ska:lət] 猩红色；猩红色的golden [‘gəuldən] 金（黄）色的orange [‘ɔrindʒ] 橙色；橙色的silver [‘silvə] 银色，银白色；银色的，银白色的yellow [‘jeləu] 黄色；黄色的家庭亲属family [‘fæmili] 家庭，亲属marriage [‘mæridʒ] 婚姻，结婚cəuple [‘kʌpl] 夫妇，夫妻parent [‘pεərənt] 父母single [‘siŋgl] 单身的male [meil] 男的female [‘fi:meil] 女的husband [‘hʌzbənd] 丈夫father [‘fa:ðə] 父亲foster [‘fɔstə] 领养的mother [‘mʌðə] 母亲wife [waif] 妻子son [sʌn] 儿子grandson [‘grændsʌn] 孙子；外孙granddaughter [‘græn,dɔ:tə] 孙女；外孙女daughter [‘dɔ:tə] 女儿child [tʃaild] 孩子，儿童，子孙heir [εə] 继承人brother [‘brʌðə] 兄弟sister [‘sistə] 姐妹twin [twin] 双胞胎的grandfather [‘grænd,fa:ðə] 祖父grandmother [‘grænd,mʌðə] 祖母granny [‘græni] 奶奶；外婆grandma [‘græn dma:] 奶奶；外婆grandad ['grændæd] 爷爷；外公grandpa [‘græn dpa:] 爷爷；外公son-in-law ['sʌnin,lɔ:] 女婿daughter-in-law ['dɔ:tərinlɔ:] 儿媳妇father-in-law [‘fa:ðəinlɔ:] 岳父（公公）mother-in-law ['mʌðərinlɔ:] 岳母（婆婆）stepfather ['step,fa:ðə] 继父stepmother [‘step,mʌðə] 继母uncle [‘ʌŋkl] 叔叔，伯父，舅父，姨夫，姑父aunt [a:nt] 阿姨，伯母，舅妈，姑妈nephew [‘nef ju:] 侄子，外甥niece [ni:s] 侄女，外甥女cəusin [‘kʌzən] 堂兄弟姐妹，表兄弟姐妹generation [,dʒenə’reiʃən] 一代人；一代descent [di’sent] 血统offspring [‘ɔ(:)fspriŋ] 后代，子孙体育运动dash [dæʃ] 短跑（美）race [reis] 赛跑high jump [] 跳高long jump [] 跳远throwing ['θrəuiŋ] 投掷walk [wɔ:k] 竞走football [‘fut,bɔ:l] 足球（美式橄榄球）basketball [‘ba:skitbɔ:l] 篮球volleyball [‘vɔlibɔ:l] 排球badminton [‘bædmintən] 羽毛球tennis [‘tenis] 网球table tennis [] 乒乓球baseball [‘beisbɔ:l] 棒球wrestling [‘resliŋ] 摔跤，格斗boxing [‘bɔksiŋ] 拳击soccer [‘sɔkə] 足球，英式足球chess [tʃes] 国际象棋bridge [bridʒ] 桥牌marathon [‘mærəθɔn] 马拉松pole vault ['pəulvɔ:lt] 撑竿跳shot put [] 推铅球discus [‘diskəs] 铁饼hammer [‘hæmə] 链球javelin [‘dʒævlin] 标枪gymnastics [dʒim’næstiks] 体操horizontal bar [] 单杠parallel bars [] 双杠rings [riŋz] 吊环weight-lifting ['weit,liftiŋ] 举重judo [‘dʒu:dəu] 柔道fencing [‘fensiŋ] 击剑skiing [‘ski:iŋ] 滑雪skating [‘skeitiŋ] 滑冰，溜冰figure skating [] 花样滑冰bobsleigh [‘bɔbslei] 雪橇handball [‘hændbɔ:l] 手球hockey [‘hɔki] 曲棍球golf [gɔlf] 高尔夫球cricket [‘krikit] 板球ice hockey [] 冰球swim [swim] 游泳breaststroke ['breststrəuk] 蛙泳backstroke [‘bækstrəuk] 仰泳freestyle ['fri:stail] 自由泳diving [‘daiviŋ] 跳水polo ['pəuləu] 马球；水球water polo [] 水球rowing [‘rəuiŋ] 划船，赛艇canoe [kə’nu:] 划艇，独木舟sailing [‘seiliŋ] 帆船运动rally [‘ræli] 汽车拉力赛植物鲜花azalea [ə’zei ljə] 杜鹃花begonia [bi’gəunjə] 秋海棠cactus [‘kæktəs] 仙人掌camellia [kə’mi:liə] 山茶花canna [‘kænə] 美人蕉carnation [ka:'neiʃən] 康乃馨chrysanthemum [kri'sænθəməm] 菊花dahlia [‘deiljə] 大丽花daisy [‘deizi] 雏菊datura [də’tjuərə] 曼陀罗hawthorn [‘hɔ:θɔ:n] 山楂，山楂树jasmine [‘dʒæsmin] 茉莉lilac [‘lailək] 丁香花lily [‘lili] 百合morning glory [] 牵牛花narcissus [na:’sisəs] 水仙花orchid [‘ɔ:kid] 兰花peony [‘piəni] 牡丹花；芍药花poppy [‘pɔpi] 罂粟花redbud [‘redbʌd] 紫荆rose [rəuz] 玫瑰；月季tulip [‘tju:lip] 郁金香violet [‘vaiələt] 紫罗兰sunflower [‘sʌnflauə] 向日葵lotus [‘ləutəs] 荷花；莲花dandelion [‘dændilaiən] 蒲公英树木pine [pain] 松树larch [la:tʃ] 落叶松cypress [‘saipris] 柏树bamboo [bæm’bu:] 竹，竹子poplar [‘pɔplə] 白杨willow [‘wiləu] 柳树birch [‘bə:tʃ] 白桦maple [‘meipl] 枫树fir [fə:] 冷杉，枞树eucalytus [] 桉树locust [‘ləukəst] 洋槐camphor tree [] 樟树sandalwood ['sædəlwud] 檀香木elm [elm] 榆树，榆木oak [əuk] 橡树ginkgo ['giŋk(g)əu] 银杏，银杏树holly [‘hɔli] 冬青树coco [‘kəukəu] 椰树date [‘deit] 枣椰树hickory [‘hikəri] 山核桃树beech [bi:tʃ] 山毛榉baobab [‘beiəubæb] 猴面包树palm [pa:m] 棕榈树laurel [‘lɔrəl] 月桂树ivy [‘aivi] 常春藤olive [‘ɔliv] 橄榄树家畜bitch [bitʃ] 母狗，雌狗horse [hɔ:s] 马mare [mεə] 母马，母驴pony [‘pəuni] 矮种马；小马mule [mju:l] 骡equus ['ekwəs] 马属（包括马，驴，斑马等）ass [æs] 驴donkey [‘dɔŋki] 驴ox [ɔks] 牛；公牛buffalo [‘bʌfələu] 水牛；野牛bull [bul] 公牛cow [kau] 奶牛，母牛calf [ka:f] 小牛，犊heifer [‘hefə] 小母牛pig [pig] 猪swine [swain] 猪piglet [‘piglit] 小猪，尤指乳猪，猪崽sheep [ʃi:p] 羊，绵羊goat [gəut] 山羊lamb [læm] 小羊，羔羊dog [dɔg] 狗cat [kæt] 猫kitten [‘kitən] 小猫kitty [‘kiti:] 小猫rabbit [‘ræbit] 兔子，野兔mouse [maus] 家鼠，老鼠mice [mais] 老鼠（mouse的复数）cock [kɔk] 公鸡hen [hen] 母鸡chicken [‘tʃikin] 鸡；小鸡turkey [‘tə:ki] 火鸡goose [gu:s] 鹅rooster [‘ru:stə] 公鸡chick [tʃik] 雏鸡，小鸟tomcat [‘tɔmkæt] 雄猫野生动物zebra [‘zi:brə] 斑马antelope [‘æntiləup] 羚羊gazelle [gə’zel] 小羚羊；瞪羚deer [diə] 鹿reindeer [‘rein’diə] 驯鹿giraffe [dʒi’ra:f] 长颈鹿baboon [bə’bu:n] 狒狒camel [‘kæməl] 骆驼elephant [‘elifənt] 象rhinoceros [rai'nɔsərəs, ri-] 犀牛hippopotamus [,hipə’pɔtəməs] 河马panda [‘pændə] 熊猫；猫熊lion [‘laiən] 狮lynx [liŋks] 猞猁panther [‘pænθə] 豹；美洲豹；黑豹puma [‘pju:mə] 美洲狮leopard [‘lepəd] 豹；金钱豹tiger [‘taigə] 虎wildcat [‘waildkæt] 野猫bison [‘baisən] 美洲野牛；欧洲野牛yak [jæk] 牦牛badger [‘bædʒə] 獾weasel [‘wi:zəl] 鼬鼠；黄鼠狼otter [‘ɔtə] 水獭fox [fɔks] 狐狸hyena [hai’i:nə] 鬣狗，土狼wolf [wulf] 狼squirrel ['skwə:rəl, 'skwi-, 'skwʌ-] 松鼠beaver [‘bi:və] 河狸，海狸marmot [‘ma:mət] 旱獭；土拨鼠bear [bεə] 熊hare [hεə] 野兔rat [ræt] 鼠gopher ['gəufə] 黄鼠；囊地鼠mole [məul] 鼹鼠monkey [‘mʌŋki] 猴子chimpanzee [,tʃimpən’zi:] 黑猩猩gorilla [gə’rilə] 大猩猩orangutan [ɔ:,ræŋu:'tæn, ,ɔ:ræŋ'u:tæn] 猩猩gibbon [‘gibən] 长臂猿anteater [‘ænt,i:tə] 食蚁兽platypus ['plætipəs, -pus] 鸭嘴兽kangaroo [,kængə'ru:] 袋鼠koala [kəu'a:lə] 考拉，树袋熊hedgehog [‘hedʒhɔg] 刺猬porcupine [‘pɔ:kjupain] 箭猪，豪猪bat [bæt] 蝙蝠whale [hweil] 鲸dolphin [‘dɔlfin] 海豚seal [si:l] 海豹walrus ['wɔ:lrəs, 'wɔl-] 海象鸟类phoenix [‘fi:niks] 凤凰eagle [‘i:gl] 鹰condor [‘kɔndɔ:] 秃鹫，秃鹰hawk [hɔ:k] 鹰falcon ['fælkən] 猎鹰；隼heron [‘herən] 鹭，苍鹭kite [kait] 鸢vulture [‘vʌltʃə] 秃鹫，秃鹰peacock [‘pi:kɔk] 孔雀duck [dʌk] 鸭pelican [‘pelikən] 鹈鹕cormorant ['kɔ:mərənt 鸬鹚swan [swɔn, swɔ:n] 天鹅wild goose [] 雁，野鹅pigeon [‘pidʒin] 鸽子pheasant [‘fe znt] 雉，野鸡quail [kweil] 鹌鹑ostrich ['ɔ:stritʃ, 'ɔ-] 鸵鸟stork [stɔ:k] 鹳seagull ['si:gʌl] 海鸥albatross [‘ælbətrɔs] 信天翁kingfisher [‘kiŋ,fiʃə] 翠鸟woodpecker [‘wud,pekə] 啄木鸟parrot [‘pærət] 鹦鹉cuckoo [‘ku:ku:] 杜鹃，布谷鸟crow [krəu] 乌鸦magpie [‘mægpai] 喜鹊swallow [‘swɔləu] 燕子sparrow [‘spærəu] 麻雀nightingale ['naitiŋgeil, -tən-] 夜莺canary [kə’nεəri] 金丝雀starling [‘sta:liŋ] 八哥thrush [θrʌʃ] 画眉goldfinch [‘gəuldfintʃ] 金翅雀robin [‘rɔbin] 知更鸟lark [la:k] 云雀，百灵鸟penguin ['peŋgwin] 企鹅owl [aul] 枭，猫头鹰throstle [‘θrɔsl] 画眉鸟其他动物snake [sneik] 蛇cobra [‘kəubrə] 眼镜蛇python ['paiθən, -θɔn] 蟒蛇，大蟒，巨蟒rattlesnake [‘rætlsneik] 响尾蛇lizard [‘lizəd] 蜥蜴chameleon [kə’mi:liən] 变色龙wall lizard [] 壁虎crocodile [‘krɔkə,dail] 鳄鱼turtle [‘tə:tl] 龟，甲鱼；海龟tortoise [‘tɔ:təs] 龟，乌龟frog [frɔg] 青蛙tadpole [‘tædpəul] 蝌蚪toad [təud] 蟾蜍；癞蛤蟆snail [sneil] 蜗牛cuttlefish [‘kʌtl,fiʃ] 乌贼；墨鱼squid [skwid] 枪乌贼；鱿鱼octopus [‘ɔktəpəs] 章鱼clam [klæm] 蚌；蛤，蛤蜊mussel [‘mʌsəl] 河蚌；淡菜，贻贝oyster [‘ɔistə] 牡蛎，蚝scallop ['skɔləp, 'skæ-] 扇贝sea urchin [] 海胆urchin ['ə:tʃin] 海胆goldfish [‘gəuldfiʃ] 金鱼carp [ka:p] 鲤鱼crucian [‘kru:ʃən] 鲫鱼chub [tʃʌb] 白鮭；鲢鱼eel [i:l] 鳗鱼；鳝鱼herring [‘heriŋ] 青鱼；鲱鱼mullet [‘mʌlit] 鲻鱼；胭脂鱼perch [pə:tʃ] 鲈鱼salmon [‘sæmən] 鲑鱼，大马哈鱼trout [traut] 鲑鱼，鳟鱼anchovy [‘æntʃəvi] 凤尾鱼；鳀鱼codfish [‘kɔd,fiʃ] 鳕鱼sardine [‘sa:di:n, sa:’di:n] 沙丁鱼sailfish [‘seilfiʃ] 旗鱼sea horse [] 海马shark [ʃa:k] 鲨鱼tunny [‘tʌni] 金枪鱼prawn [prɔ:n] 对虾，明虾shrimp [ʃrimp] 虾，小虾crayfish [‘krei,fiʃ] 小龙虾lobster [‘lɔbstə] 龙虾crab [kræb] 蟹ant [ænt] 蚂蚁termite [‘tə:mait] 白蚁bee [bi:] 蜜蜂，蜂honeybee [‘hʌnibi:] 蜜蜂wasp [wɔsp] 黄蜂；胡蜂beetle [‘bi:tl] 甲虫fly [flai] 苍蝇horsefly [‘hɔ:sflai] 马蝇；虻flea [fli:] 跳蚤louse [laus] 虱子，虱spider [‘spaidə] 蜘蛛mosquito [mə’ski:təu] 蚊子wiggler [‘wiglə] 孑孓（蚊子的幼虫，[jié jué]）ladybug [‘ledibʌg] 瓢虫firefly [‘faiəflai] 萤火虫cicada [si'ka:də,-'kei-] 蝉dragonfly [‘drægənflai] 蜻蜓cricket [‘krikit] 蟋蟀locust [‘ləukəst] 蝗虫，蚂蚱grasshopper ['gra:s,hɔpə, 'græs-] 蚱蜢，蝗虫mantis [‘mæntis] 螳螂caterpillar [‘kætəpilə] 毛虫centipede [‘sentipi:d] 蜈蚣butterfly [‘bʌtəflai] 蝴蝶，蝶moth [mɔθ, mɔ:θ] 蛾，飞蛾bug [bʌg] 臭虫，小虫cockroach ['kɔkrəutʃ] 蟑螂scorpion ['skɔ:pjən] 蝎子earthworm [‘ə:θwə:m] 蚯蚓fishworm [‘fiʃwə:m] 蚯蚓leech [‘li:tʃ] 蚂蝗，水蛭roundworm [‘raundwə:m] 蛔虫职业actor ['æktə] 男演员actress ['æktris] 女演员singer ['siŋə] 歌手，歌唱家dancer ['da:nsə] 舞蹈家，舞女musician [mju:'ziʃən] 音乐家pianist ['piænist, pi'ænist] 钢琴家painter ['peintə] 画家；油漆匠teacher [‘ti:tʃə] 教师；导师professor [prəu’fesə] 教授headmaster [‘hed’ma:stə] 中小学校长headmistress [‘hed’mistris] 中小学女校长headteacher [‘hedti:tʃə] 校长director [di’rektə] 导演；主任；理事editor [‘editə] 编者writer [‘raitə] 作家reporter [ri’pɔ:tə] 记者announcer [ə’naunsə] 播音员，广播员journalist [‘dʒə:nəlist] 新闻工作者；新闻记者worker [‘wə:kə] 工人farmer [‘fa:mə] 农夫；农场主fisherman [‘fiʃəmən] 渔夫chemist [‘kemist] 化学家，药剂师engineer [,endʒi’niə] 工程师explorer [iks’plɔ:rə] 探险家researcher [ri:’sə:tʃə] 研究员doctor [dɔktə] 医生；博士nurse [nə:s] 护士；保姆surgeon [‘sə:dʒən] 外科医生sailor [‘seilə] 水手，海员seaman [‘si:mən] 船员，水手；水兵pilot [‘pailət] 飞行员；领航员astronaut ['æstrənɔ:t] 宇航员，航天员driver [‘draivə] 驾驶员athlete [‘æθli:t] 运动员policeman [pə’li:smən] 警察detective [di’tektiv] 侦探judge [dʒʌdʒ] 法官lawyer [‘lɔ:jə] 律师attorney [ə’tə:ni] 律师cook [kuk] 厨子厨师baker [‘beikə] 面包师waiter [‘weitə] 服务员，侍者waitress [‘weitris] 女服务生butcher [‘butʃə] 屠夫clerk [kla:k klə:k] 办事员；店员；书记typist [‘taipist] 打字员secretary [‘sekrətəri] 秘书；书记；部长；大臣salesman [‘seilzmən] 售货员；推销员shopkeeper [‘ʃɔp,ki:pə] 零售商，店主bookseller [‘buk,selə] 书商；售书员tailor [‘teilə] 裁缝soldier [‘səuldʒə] 军人，战士postman [‘pəustmən] 邮差，邮递员mailman [‘meilmæn] 邮递员firefighter ['faiəfaitə] 消防人员conductor [kən’dʌktə] 乘务员librarian [lai’brεəriən] 图书管理员baby-sitter ['beibi,sitə]当临时保姆apprentice [ə’prentis] 学徒artisan [,a:ti'zæn, 'a:tizən] 工匠；手工业工人craftsman ['krɑ:ftsmən, 'kræft-] 工匠；手艺人specialist [‘speʃəlist] 专家；专科医生employer [im’plɔiə] 雇主，老板receptionist [ri’sepʃənist] 接待员operator [‘ɔpəreitə] 电话接线员；经营者；操作员interpreter [in’tə:pritə] 翻译员photographer [fə’tɔgrəfə] 摄影师playwright [‘pleirait] 剧作家linguist [‘liŋgwist] 语言学家botanist [‘bɔtənist] 植物学家economist [i:’kɔnəmist] 经济学家scientist [‘saiəntist] 科学家philosopher [fi'lɔsəfə, fə-] 哲学家politician [,pɔli’tiʃən] 政治学家；政客physicist [‘fizisist] 物理学家；唯物论者archaeologist [,a:ki'ɔlədʒist] 考古学家geologist [dʒi’ɔlədʒist] 地质学家mathematician [,mæθəmə’tiʃən] 数学家biologist [bai’ɔlədʒist] 生物学家zoologist [zəu'ɔlədʒist, zu:-] 动物学家statistician [,stæti'stiʃən] 统计学家，统计员physiologist [,fizi’ɔlədʒist] 生理学家futurologist [,fju:tʃə'rɔlədʒist] 未来学家artist [‘a:tist] 艺术家；美术家composer [kəm’pəuzə] 作曲家designer [di’zainə] 设计家sculptor [skʌlptə] 雕刻家designer [di’zainə] 服装设计师model [‘mɔdəl] 模特poet [‘pəuit] 诗人merchant [‘mə:tʃənt] 商人stewardess ['stju:ədis, 'stju-] 女乘务员，女服务员porter ['pɔ:tə, 'pəu-] 守门人；行李夫；搬运工人architect [‘a:kitekt] 建筑师druggist [‘drʌgist] 药剂师pharmacist ['f a:məsist] 药剂师guide [gaid] 导游；向导dentist [‘dentist] 牙科医生supervisor [‘sju:pəvaizə] 监工国家和语言america [ə’merikə] 美国；美洲Arab [‘ærəb] 阿拉伯人Australia [ɔ’streiljə] 澳洲，澳大利亚Austria [‘ɔstriə] 奥地利Britain [‘britən] 英国Canada [‘kænədə] 加拿大China [‘tʃainə] 中国Egypt [‘i:dʒipt] 埃及England [‘iŋglənd] 英国France [‘fra:ns] 法国Germany [‘dʒə:məni] 德国Greece [gri:s] 希腊Holland [‘hɔlənd] 荷兰India [‘indiə] 印度Ireland [‘aiəland] 爱尔兰Italy [‘itəli] 意大利Japan [dʒə’pæn] 日本Spain [spein] 西班牙Sweden [‘swi:dən] 瑞典Swiss [swis] 瑞士人Switzerland [‘switsələnd] 瑞士Brazil [brə’zil] 巴西Finland [‘finlənd] 芬兰Norway [‘nɔ:wei] 挪威Russia [‘rʌʃə] 俄罗斯Belgium [‘beldʒəm] 比利时Arabic [‘ærəbik] 阿拉伯语Chinese [,tʃai’ni:z] 中国人；汉语Egyptian [i’dʒipʃən] 埃及人English [‘iŋgliʃ] 英语；英国人French [frentʃ] 法国人；法文German [‘dʒə:mən] 德国人；德语Greek [gri:k] 希腊人；希腊文Irish [‘aiəriʃ] 爱尔兰人；爱尔兰语Italian [i’tæljən] 意大利人；意大利语Japanese [,dʒæpə’ni:z] 日本人；日文Spanish [‘spæniʃ] 西班牙人；西班牙语Dutch [dʌtʃ] 荷兰人；荷兰语货币dollar [‘dɔlə] 美元cent [sent] 分quarter [‘kwɔ:tə] 二十五美分buck [bʌk] 一美元mark [ma:k] 马克(德国)pound [paund] 英镑coin [kɔin] 硬币bill [bil] 纸币franc [fræŋk] 法郎pence [pens] 便士（penny的复数）penny [‘peni] 便士山河湖海abyss [ə’bis] 深渊continent [‘kɔntinənt] 大陆；洲mountain [‘mauntin] 山；山脉peak [pi:k] 山顶；巅ridge [ridʒ] 山脊slope [sləup] 斜坡volcano [vɔl’keinəu] 火山plateau [‘plætəu] 高原plain [plein] 平原hill [hil] 小山；山岗rock [rɔk] 岩石island [‘ailənd] 岛；岛屿valley [‘væli] 山谷bank [bæŋk] 河岸current [‘kʌrənt] 水流stream [stri:m] 小溪source [sɔ:s] 源头spring [spriŋ] 泉水bed [bed] 河床flood [flʌd] 洪水flow [fləu] 泛滥basin [‘beisən] 流域canal [kə’næl] 运河lake [leik] 湖泊pond [pɔnd] 池塘marsh [ma:ʃ] 沼泽swamp [swɔmp] 沼泽desert [‘dezət] 沙漠forest [‘fɔrist] 森林coast [kəust] 海岸sea [si:] 海ocean [‘əuʃən] 大洋；海洋inlet [‘inlet] 小湾bay [bei] 海湾；湾gulf [gʌlf] 海湾cliff [klif] 悬崖；峭壁bay [bei] 海湾beach [bi:tʃ] 海滩shore [ʃɔ:] 海滨coral [‘kɔ:rəl] 珊瑚tide [taid] 潮wave [weiv] 浪shore [ʃɔ:] 海岸；海滨strait [streit] 海峡waterfall [‘wɔ:təfɔ:l] 瀑布cascade [kæs’keid] 小瀑布brook [bruk] 小溪；小河mainland [‘meinlənd] 大陆prairie [‘prεəri] 大草原；牧场peninsula [pi’ninsjulə] 半岛iceberg [‘aisbə:g] 冰山glacier [‘glæsjə] 冰川，冰河学科mathematics [,mæθə’mætiks] 数学arts [a:ts] 文科science [‘saiəns] 理科history [‘histəri] 历史geometry [dʒi’ɔmitri] 几何geography [dʒi’ɔgrəfi] 地理geology [dʒi’ɔlədʒi] 地质学biology [bai’ɔlədʒi] 生物chemistry [‘kemistri] 化学physics [‘fiziks] 物理literature [‘litərətʃə] 文学sociology [,səusi’ɔlədʒi] 社会学。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
CRQS IN-USE PREPARATION PROTOCOL
4. Pour 200ml of boiled water over the teabag in to a marked cup
5. Close the lid and leave for relevant brew time.
BREW TIMES - TO BE USED FOR TASTE ASSESSMENT
Tea Bag
Internal Seal Internal Seal Internal Leakage
Colour - Sensory
Not to standard Off taste/ odour
Organoleptics
Flavour - Taste
Standard preparation method forms part of this CRQS standard – see appendix
Reference std = previous green CRQS
New production
Rating Measure No colour Issue; new production sample is in line with colour standard parameters Not applicable
ISSUE : Tea leaf residue in cup
Issue Descriptor:
Tea leaves leak from teabag during brewing
Green
Amber
Red
No leakage Small amount of tea dust in the cup after preparation
Rating Measure
No detachment of thread & / or tag after
Not applicabቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱe
Thread & / or tag detach after brewing
STAGE: In use
PARAMETER: Internal Seal
PROPERTY: Residual tea particles in cup
PARAMETER: Internal Seal
PROPERTY: Detached Component During Use
Green
Amber
Red
No detachment of thread & / or tag after brewing
Not applicable
Thread & / or tag detach after brewing
Issue Descriptor: Taste of product is not in line with Standard
Green
Amber
Red
No Taste Issue, in line with standard
Not applicable
Off taste or odour detected in sample
CRQS IN-USE PREPARATION PROTOCOL
1. Gather Materials
2. Place 1 tea bag in each cup
3. Optional: for test with milk add 10ml of milk in to the bowl
Note: Use of milk dependant on typical consumer behaviour in market
Red
Colour falls within the colour standard parameters
Not applicable
Colour falls outside the colour standard parameters
Reference std = previous green CRQS
CRQS – IN USE
APPENDIX: PREPARATION METHODS
CRQS IN USE : MATERIALS REQUIRED
Materials -Tea cup marked at 200ml - Lid - Bowl - Timer - Spoons - Kettle with sufficient volume for dosing all cups all in one go - Means for dosing 10ml of milk (if required) - Fresh commercial half-fat milk (if required) - Freshly drawn, freshly boiled tap water Environment - Good lighting to ensure consistent illumination across the brewed - Basic humidity and temperature control - No fragrance (after-shave/perfume) to be worn - Follow personal hygiene and protective clothing requirements for the specific area where sample tasting will take place - Ensure materials are cleaned and rinsed well (no stains)
Issue Descriptor:
Green
Amber
Red
Tea bags do not separate as designed
Single tea bag
Not Applicable
Tea bags either wont separate or tear when separated
Rating Measure
CRQS IN USE STANDARDS
CRQS in-use standards Product Element Parameter Property
Internal Seal
Tea leakage prior to brewing Separation of tea bags Detached Component during use Residual tea particles in cup
STAGE: In use
PARAMETER: Internal Seal
PROPERTY: Tea leakage prior to brewing
Teabag
ISSUE : Bag damaged during preparation
Issue Descriptor: Teabag is broken or damaged during preparation for brewing Eg. Thread & tag separation creating a hole in the teabag
Single tea bag
Not Applicable
Tea bags joined together, wont separate without tearing
STAGE: In use ISSUE : Detachment of tag & / or thread
Issue Descriptor: Tag & / or thread becomes detached during brewing
Consumer Relevant Quality Standards
Item : Product Level : In-use Pack Group : Teabags Rating : Beverages Category Version : 2014 v 7 Date : Sept 2014
No leaf in cup after brewing, Small amount of dust acceptable
Moderate amount of tea dust in the cup after preparation
Leakage issue – Significant amount of tea particles in the cup after preparation
Not applicable
Dry tea leaf escaping from bags prior to brewing
STAGE: In use
PARAMETER: Internal Seal
PROPERTY: Tea bag separation