National survey on the choice of secondary lens im
高一英语国家安全单选题50题
高一英语国家安全单选题50题1. We must take measures to protect our national security from various _____.A. threatsB. chancesC. opportunitiesD. hopes答案：A。
本题考查名词词义辨析。
“threats”意为“威胁”，保护国家安全要应对各种威胁。
“chances”指“机会”，“opportunities”也是“机会”，“hopes”是“希望”，都不符合国家安全面临的情况，所以选择A。
2. The government is working hard to ensure the _____ of national security.A. stabilityB. difficultyC. simplicityD. similarity答案：A。
“stability”表示“稳定”，政府努力工作是为了确保国家安全的稳定。
“difficulty”是“困难”，“simplicity”是“简单”，“similarity”是“相似性”，都不符合题意，故选A。
3. Every citizen has the responsibility to ______ national security.A. ignoreB. damageC. defendD. forget答案：C。
“defend”有“保卫，防御”的意思，每个公民都有责任保卫国家安全。
“ignore”是“忽视”，“damage”是“损害”，“forget”是“忘记”，都与公民对国家安全应有的态度不符，所以选C。
4. The ______ of national security is crucial for a country's development.A. improvementB. protectionC. destructionD. suggestion答案：B。
2021年12月大学英语CET四级预测押题卷一和答案解析
2021年12月四级考试预测押题卷（一）Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a letter to offer your suggestions to your cousin who sought your advice on how to make his resume distinctive.You should write at least120words but no more than 180words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Two.B)Three.C)Four.D)Five.2.A)He called the police after the accident.B)He broke his arm in the accident.C)He was caught taking drugs.D)He was arrested by the police.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)A cure to brain cancer.B)A new surgical instrument.C)A pen that can identify cancerous tissue.D)A new drug that can eliminate cancerous tissue.4.A)Finding the border between the cancerous and normal tissue.B)Identifying the accuracy rate of the new device.C)Improving their speed of removing a tumour.D)Using the new device in brain surgery.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)To collect scientific data on it.C)To take photos of the storm on it.B)To monitor the storm on it.D)To investigate its environment.6.A)It has lasted for nearly350years.B)It has lasted for more that350months.C)It seems to be getting smaller.D)It seems to be getting larger.7.A)What initially caused the storm.C)What is the impact of the storm.B)What is underneath the storm.D)What makes the storm last for so long.Section BDirections：In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)It’s for disabled adults.B)It’s in a sports centre.C)It’s rewarding and challenging.D)It’s compulsive in her community.9.A)The skills they need.B)The products they have.C)The market they target.D)The language they require.10.A)Diversify markets and sales strategies.B)Reduce costs and jobs.C)Learn from other companies.D)Listen to the opinions of experts.11.A)The salary and the workload.B)The office hour and the penalty system.C)The welfare and the holiday system.D)The ethical policy and the carbon footprint.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Double-decker buses.B)The traffic in London.C)Bus routes.D)Travels in Britain.13.A)It has no windows.B)People get onto it at the front.C)It has two carriages.D)It is open at the back.14.A)Uncomfortable.B)Noisy.C)Dangerous.D)Shabby.15.A)Bendy buses can help reduce the traffic jam.B)Bendy buses are more environmentally friendly.C)Bendy buses are convenient for people in wheelchairs.D)Bendy buses are more popular among tourists.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)They had four toes.B)They were not as big as dogs.C)They lived in South America.D)They lived in thick forests.17.A)They had long legs and a long tail.B)They were smaller and had front eyes.C)They began to eat grass as well as fruit.D)They were bigger and had long legs.18.A)They evolved into donkeys in Asia and Africa.B)They used their long legs to run south to South Africa.C)They began to eat apples on the North American plains.D)They preferred grass to fruit and vegetables.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)Being rejected by friends and teachers.B)Staying away from his native land.C)Adapting to new study expectations.D)Keeping a balance between study and job.20.A)Talking with older brothers or sisters.C)Starting a conversation with close friends.B)Having a casual talk with a college student.D)Playing with friends on the same sports team.21.A)Follow traditions of with a college student.C)Respect the customs of different colleges.B)Take part in as many activities as possible.D)Take others’advice as reference only.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)They tend to harm wildlife.C)They are thrown away everywhere.B)They are hardly recyclable.D)They are made from useless materials.23.A)It is fatal.B)It is weird.C)It is very serious.D)It is complicated.24.A)The sea creatures that have taken in then are consumed by humans.B)The ocean’s ecology has been polluted and affected humans.C)Humans eat the seabirds that have swallowed plastic particles.D)Humans consume the fish that have eaten sea creatures with them.25.A)Its use has been drastically reduced.C)Most products use natural materials.B)It is still an indispensable material.D)The use of plastic items will be charged.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.A third of the planet’s land is severely degraded and fertile soil is being lost at the rate of24bn tonnes a year, according to a new United Nations-backed study that calls for a shift away from destructively intensive agriculture, The alarming____26____,which is forecast to continue as demand for food and productive land increases,will ass to the risks of conflicts unless____27____actions are implemented,warns the institution behind the report.“As the ready supply of healthy and productive land dries up and the population grows,competition is ___28___for land within countries and globally,”said executive secretary of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD)at the launch of the Global Land Outlook.“To___29____the losses,the outlook suggests it is in all our interests to step back and rethink how we are managing the pressures and the competition.”The Global Land Outlook is____30____as the most comprehensive study of its type,mapping the interlinked impacts of urbanization,climate change,erosion and forest loss.But the biggest factor is the___31___of industrial farming.Heavy tilling,multiple harvests ans___32____use of agrochemicals have increased yields at the____33____of long-term sustainability.If the past20years,agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled,notes a paper in the outlook by the Joint Research Centre(JRC)of the European commission.Over time,however,this___34___fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and ___35___desertification.A)absorb I)limitedB)abundant J)minimizeC)billed K)occasionallyD)decline L)optimizesE)diminishes M)rateF)expansion N)remedialG)expense O)ultimatelyH)intensifyingSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Take Naps at Work.Apologize to No One[A]In the past two weeks I’ve taken three naps at work,a total of an hour or so of shut-eye while on the clock.And I have no shame or uncertainty about doing it.I couldn’t feel better about it,and my productivity reflects it,too.[B]Sleeping on the job is one of those workplace taboos-like leaving your desk for lunch or taking an afternoon walk-that we’re taught to look down on.If someone naps at2p.m.while the rest of us furiously write memos and respond to emails,surely it must mean they’re slacking off(偷懒).Or so the assumption goes.[C]Restfulness and recharging can take a back seat to the perception and appearance of productivity.It’s easier to stay on a virtual hamster(仓鼠)wheel of activity by immediately responding to every email than it is to measure aggregate productivity over a greater period of time.But a growing field of occupational and psychological research is building the case for restfulness in pursuit of greater productivity.[D]Companies are suffering from tremendous productivity problems because people are stressed out and not recovering from the workday,said Josh Bersin,Principal and Founder of Bersin by Deloitte.“They’re beginning to realize that this is their problem,and they can’t just say to people,‘Here’s a work-life balance course,go teach yourself how to manage your inbox,’”Mr.Bersin said.“It’s way more complicated than that.”[E]To be sure,the ability to nap at work is far from widespread,experts said.Few among us have the luxury of being able to step away for a half-hour snoozefest.But lunch hours and coffee breaks can be great times to duck out,and your increased productivity and alertness will be all the evidence you need to make your case to inquiring bosses.[F]In an ideal world,we’d all solve this problem by unplugging early and getting a good night’s sleep. Here’s our guide on how to do just that.But the next best thing is stealing away for a quick power nap when you’re dragging after lunch.[G]In a study published in Nature Neuroscience,researchers tested subjects on their perceptual performance four times throughout the day.Performance deteriorated with each test,but subjects who took a30-minute nap between tests stopped the deterioration in performance,and those who took a60-minute nap even reversed it.[H]“Naps had the same magnitude of benefits as full nights of sleep if they had a quality of nap.”said Sara Mednick,a co-author of the study and associate professor of psychology at the University of California,Riverside.[I]Dr.Mednick,a sleep researcher and the author of Take a Nap!Change Your Life,said daytime napping can have many of the benefits of overnight sleep,and different types of naps offer specific benefits.[J]For example,Dr.Mednick said a20-to60-minute nap might help with memorization and learning specific bits of information.It’s just long enough to enter stage-two sleep,or non-rapid eye movement(R.E.M.)sleep.[K]After60minutes,you start getting into R.E.M.sleep,most often associated with that deep,dreaming state we all enjoy at night R.E.M.sleep can improve creativity,perceptual processing and highly associativethinking,which allows you to make connections between disparate ideas,Dr.Mednick said.Beyond that,your best bet is a90-minute nap,which will give you a full sleep cycle.[L]Any nap,however,can help with alertness and perception and cut through the general fog that creeps in during the day,experts said.[M]So how did we even arrive at this point where aptitude is inextricably tied(紧密相连)to working long, concentrated hours?Blame technology,but think broader than smartphones and laptops;the real issue is that tech has enabled us to be available at all times.[N]“We went through a period where people were in denial and business leaders were ignoring it,”Mr. Bersin said.“They were assuming that if we give people more tools,more emails,more Slack,more chatter,and we’ll just assume they can figure out how to deal with it all.And I think they’ve woken up to the fact that this is a big problem,and it is affecting productivity,engagement,health,safety,wellness and all sorts of things.”[O]It isn’t just office workers who can benefit from an afternoon siesta(午睡).A2015study published in Current Biology looked at the at the sleeping habits of three hunter-gatherer preindustrial societies in Tanzania, Namibia and Bolivia.[P]“They’re active in the morning,then they get in the shade under the trees and have a sort of quiet time, but they’re not generally napping,”said Jerome Siegel,professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences,and director of the U.C.L.A.Center for Sleep Research,a co-author of the study.“Then they do some work and go to sleep,and they sleep through the night.”[Q]Still,Mr.Siegel said,“the only genuine way to solve daytime sleepiness and fatigue starts the night before with a solid night’s sleep.”The real Holy Grail of restfulness is a regular sleep schedule with ideally seven or eight hours of sleep each night,which experts say is optimal.[R]“Daytime napping certainly does increase alertness,”Mr.Siegel said.“But it’s not as simple as going to the gas station and filling the tank.”[S]He also advises avoiding caffeine late in the day and waking around the same time every morning,even if you can’t get to sleep at the same time every night,This helps acclimate(使适应)your body to your regular wake-up time,regardless of how much sleep you got the night before.[T]So if you’ve made it this far and you’re interested in giving workday naps a try(or just starting to nod off),here’s a quick guide to the perfect nap;Find a quiet,unoccupied space where you won’t be disturbed.Try to make your area as dim as possible(or invest in a sleep mask you can keep in the office).Earplugs might help.too.Aim for around20minutes.Any longer than that and you’re likely to wake up with sleep inertia(睡眠惰性)，which will leave you even groggier(头脑昏沉的)than before.36.Participants’perceptual performance became better after sleeping one hour between tests in an article inNature Neuroscience.37.Jerome Siegel found that only by sleeping soundly through the previous night could people tackle theirweariness during the day.38.Our talent is closely bound to working with concentration for long periods of time because technologymakes us accessible24/7.39.Taking a nap at work is normally regarded as laziness that should be held in contempt and avoided inworkplace.40.Between20to60minutes,people can get into non-REM sleep which may improve memory and learningability according to Dr.Mednick.41.People can doze off at lunch and coffee breaks and defended themselves by saying their improvedproductivity and alertness when bosses investigated their whereabouts.42.The author’s tips on taking a perfect nap involve sleeping place,environment and duration.43.The author believes business leaders are aware that availability at any time due to technology has negativeeffects on every aspect of people’s life.44.The optimal length of a nap was an hour and a half so that people could go through a complete sleep cycle.45.Josh Bersin mentioned the cause of companies’big productivity problems and the solution which needsmore that just employees’efforts.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Every office worker hates meetings.But it’s a strange sort of hate,similar to the hatred of Londoners for the Northern Line,or New Yorkers for tourists who walk too slowly:the dislike is real,yet if the despised thing were to vanish,it’d be like surrendering a piece of your soul.When researchers probed into why people put up with the strain that meetings place on their time and sanity, they found something-those who resent and dread meetings the moat also defend them as a“necessary evil”, sometimes with great passion.True,research suggests that meetings take up vastly more of the average manager’s time than they used to.True,done badly,they’re associated with lower levels of innovation and employee wellbeing(幸福).But that’s just office life,right?It’s not supposed to be fun.That’s why they call it work.Underlying(引起)this attitude is an assumption that’s drummed into us not just as workers but as children, parents and romantic partners;that more communication is always a good thing.So suggestions abound for(大量存在)communicating better in meetings-for example,hold them standing up,so speakers will come to the point more quickly.But even when some companies consider abolishing meetings entirely,the principle that more communication is better isn’t questioned.If anything,it’s reinforced when such firms introduce“flat”management structures,with bosses always available to everyone,plus plenty of electronic distraction.In fact,constant connectivity is disastrous for both job satisfaction and the bottom line.And anyway,once you give it three seconds’thought,isn’t it cleat that more communication frequently isn’t a good thing?Often,the difference between a successful marriage and a second-rate one consists of leaving about three or four things a day unsaid.At work,it’s surely many more than four,though for a different reason;office communication comes at the cost of precisely the kind of focus that’s essential to good work.Yet we’re so accustomed to seeing talking as a source of solutions-for resolving conflicts or finding new ideas-that it’s hard to see when it is the problem.46.What does the author say about meetings?A)Londoners hate them as well as the Northern Line.B)They can help to keep workers’physical and spiritual health.C)Workers might be reluctant to give up them completely.D)New Yorkers dislike meetings more than Londoners.47.What did researchers find about people’s attitude towards meeting?A.Their attitude and behavior are paradoxical.B)People who hate meetings the most are senior insane.C)Those who like meetings might be considered insane.D)More meetings are regarded as a sign of less innovation.48.Why do people think that more communication is always a good thing?A)Because the concept is firmly believed by workers.B)Because everyone loves to communicate with others.C)Because the idea has been instilled into people’s mind.D)Because communication is vital for building relationships.49.What does the author think of the“flat”management structure?A)It forces bosses to frequently contact their employees.B)It helps to soften employees’bottom line of work.C)It is definitely a disaster to employees’job satisfaction.D)It strengthens people’s deeply-rooted notion of communication.50.What is the author’s argument about office communication?A)It is an effective way to solve office conflicts.B)It affects work efficiency in a negative way.C)It should come to a halt at intervals.D)It is useful for workers to find new ideas.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.The Internet has enabled the spread of information at lightning speed.This information revolution has created tremendous business opportunities for online publishers,but not all of them maintain proper quality-control mechanisms to ensure that only good information is being shared.Instead,many publishers aim simply to make money by whatever means possible,with no regard for the implications for society at large.When selfish publishers set up shops online,the primary goal is to publish as much as possible,often at the cost of quality.In this respect,many publishers start numerous online journals focused on overlapping(重叠的)disciplines—to increase their total number of published papers—and hire young business managers who do not have any experience in either science or publishing.In some cases,online publishers even give up peer review, while still presenting themselves as scientific journals—deception designed to take advantage of scientists who simply want to share their research.If publishers structure their business to make more revenue,it often does harm to their products.When publishers start journals with overlapping domains,in combination with the pressure to publish more studies,this could promote the publication of marginal or even questionable articles.Moreover,publishers with multiple overlapping journals and journals with very narrow specialties(专业)increase the demands on the time and efforts of willing reviewers.With the fact that reviewers are generally not compensated for their time and effort,journal editors are often unable to find enough reviewers to keep up with the increased publication rate.To improve the situation and increase the trust in scientific community,the pressure to publish must be reduced.Funding and promotion decisions should not be based on the number of publications,but on the quality of those publications and a researcher’s long-term productivity and instructions.And that’s just the start.We need additional mechanisms,such as Beall’s list of predatory(掠夺的)publishers, to alert scientists to fake journals and fake articles.In addition,the price for online publication must be controlled and a mechanism must be put in place to honor and reward hard-working reviewers.51.What does the author think of online publishers?A)A small proportion of them can guarantee their publishing quality.B)They have lots of opportunities to renovate their business models.C)Many of them tend to try every means to make a buck.D)Social impact is their first priority when publishing books.52.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______.A)peer review generally is a criterion to identify academic journalsB)researchers focus their research on the combination of disciplinesC)scientists care about their publications rather than researchD)young business managers are willing to face new challenges53.Why can’t publishers find enough reviewers to review papers?A)Reviewers are pressed for time when reviewing articles.B)Reviewers’gains can’t make up for what they have done.C)Publishers may compel reviewers to accept marginal articles.D)Publishers urge reviewers to increase publication rate rapidly.54.What is the author’s suggestion for online publication?A)More weight should be put on the quantity of publications.B)It is worthwhile to reward diligent reviewers for their effort.C)Fake journals should be reported to a regulatory organization.D)The price of online publication should be lowered greatly.55.What is the main idea of this passage?A)Online publishers should take measures to fight against fake scientific journals.B)Online publishers are pursuing their work efficiency at the cost of quality.C)Online publishers business models are quite likely to harm their publications.D)Online publishers are sacrificing the quality of research articles to make money.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.春节是中国的传统节日，相当于美国的圣诞节。
高三英语梦想与国家发展战略契合点分析单选题40题
高三英语梦想与国家发展战略契合点分析单选题40题1. The scientist devotes all his time to research, which is a great contribution to the country's development. What does "devote" mean in this sentence?A.spendB.wasteC.donateD.give up答案：A。
本题考查词汇辨析。
“devote”在这里表示“投入、奉献”，与“spend”在这个语境中有相似的意思。
“waste”是“浪费”；“donate”是“捐赠”；“give up”是“放弃”，都不符合句子的意思。
涉及的主题词汇有“scientist”“research”“country's development”。
2. The young engineer came up with a creative solution to the problem. What's the meaning of "came up with"?A.thought ofB.gave upC.looked forD.put away答案：A。
“came up with”表示“想出、提出”，与“thought of”意思相近。
“gave up”是“放弃”；“looked for”是“寻找”；“put away”是“放好”，均不符合语境。
主题词汇有“engineer”“creative solution”。
3. The doctor worked hard to save the lives of patients, showing greatdedication. Which word can replace "dedication"?zinessB.carelessnessC.devotionD.ignorance答案：C。
英语口语考试常见问题
1. How is life different for the rich as compared with ordinary people?There is always a gap between the rich and the poor. The rich people can enjoy more material comforts as compared with ordinary people. For instance, since they have their own private cars, they don't need to wait for the bus in order to go to school or go to work as ordinary people do. They can enjoy some sports (such as golf) which are more expensive than playing football or basketball. They can also travel around the world without caring too much about how much the trip may cost. However, all the above mentioned comforts don't necessarily equal happiness in our lives. There are still some things more precious than material comforts such as health and love.2. Is money the most important thing in your life? If not, what is?If you are poor, money means a better life. If you have got a liver cancer and need an operation, then money can provide the cure. So money can meet your various material needs and improve your life quality. However, money is not the most important thing in life. Money is not everything. There are still many other things which are more precious, such as family, real friends, happiness, health, true love and so on. I think the most important thing in my life is the happiness and health of my family. It was my parents who comforted me when I was upset and they always encourage me to keep on studying in spite of some set-backs. So they care a lot about me and I care a lot about them too.3. What is your favorite book or movie about war? How has it affected you and your attitude toward war?I like to read books about wars. My favorite one is The Rape of Nanking written by Iris Chang, in which the author describes the bloody Nanjing Massacre in 1937. The author herself witnessed the massacre and was overwhelmed by the brutality of Japanese army. She suffered mental depression after the war, and committed suicide later on. I was totally shocked by the brutal and inhuman behaviors of Japanese soldiers. Throughout history, we see many wars, which were mostly provoked by disputes about and rivalry for natural resources, such as land, oil, mineral and other resources. History is a mirror for all mankind and we should try our best to solve all kinds of disputes through peaceful means instead of resorting to bloody wars.4.What damage does war do to mankind?The words I would like to use to describe the damage that war brings to human beings are "destruction" and "nightmare". For example, in 2003 the United States, alongside the United Kingdom and smaller contingents from Australia and Poland invaded Iraq in the name of anti-terrorism. From then on, explosions and destruction can be seen everywhere and Iraqis live in a nightmare every day. They live in fear with the sounds of gunfire and bombs every day. A recent survey shows that 7 years after the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, nearly 9 out of 10 Iraqissay they live in fear that the violence ravaging their country will strike themselves and the people with whom they live.5.What problems may people have as they grow old?Old people are often called senior citizens. As they grow old, two problems may occur to them: sickness in body and weakness in mind. After many years of hard work, most of the old people suffer from various diseases after retirement. But if they keep exercising and stay in high spirits, the disease would seldom break them down. The most serious illness is the weakness in their mind. When they become old, many people think they have lost their dream and value and their existence has no use to their families or society. They sometimes live on their old memories and many of them suffer from mental health problems. So all senior citizens should hold a right attitude towards aging and try to extend their hobbies. By doing so, their physical and mental problems may go away.6.How should we treat old people?Obviously we should treat the elderly with respect. We shouldn't shy away from them because they need our help the most. Though their faces have wrinkles and their bodies become weak, they are people filled with knowledge and wisdom. We shouldn't regard them or their ideas as insignificant or outdated. New studies have shown that the elderly are actually the happiest people — even happier than those intheir 20s, 30s, or 40s. They are more optimistic and, in general, simply happier than the general population. So, when we are around these people in their 80s or 90s, we shouldn't look at them with sympathetic looks. We should be excited to have the chance to talk with them, to listen to them talking about their life experiences and to care about their needs and feelings.7. Why do you think some parents prefer home-schooling for their children?Home-schooling is a legal option in many places for parents to provide their children with a learning environment as an alternative to publicly-provided schools. Parents cite numerous reasons as motivations to home-school, including better academic test results, poor public school environment, improved character / morality development, and objections to what is taught locally in public school. It may be a factor in the choice of parenting style. It is also an alternative for families living in isolated rural locations or living temporarily abroad. Another reason for home-schooling is that some children just don't like going to schools or have learning difficulties like dyslexia(读写困难). Some children who are physically disabled also chose home-schooling as well.8. How does school education differ from home-schooling?I think the greatest difference is that school education is general education while home-schooling is a kind of individual learning. First, inpublic schools, all kids usually learn the same texts in the same classroom by the same teacher. The learning content may be easy to some students but difficult to others. Students have no choice to choose their own learning content. By contrast, home-schooling provides individual learning contents for children. Second, in most public schools, students are usually taught by a number of teachers while at home children are taught by their parents, that is, one or two teachers. Lastly, in the big classroom, it is almost impossible for teachers to pay equal attention to all the students. But at home, children receive individual attention from parents or teachers. So each method of teaching or learning has its own advantages and disadvantages.9. What is an opinion poll?An opinion poll is a survey of public opinion on a certain subject from a particular sample. It is usually designed to represent the opinions of a population by conducting a series of questionnaires and then calculating the results.The first known example of an opinion poll was a local straw poll conducted by The Harrisburg Pennsylvanian in 1824, showing Andrew Jackson leading John Quincy Adams by 335 votes to 169 in the contest for the United States Presidency. Such straw votes gradually became more popular. In 1916, the Literary Digest embarked on a national survey and correctly predicted Woodrow Wilson's election as president.Mailing out millions of postcards and simply counting the returns, the Digest correctly called the following four presidential elections.10. How are opinion polls conducted?Opinion polls are maintained through telecommunications or in person-to-person contact for many years. Though they are widely accepted in most areas, various methods and techniques are adopted to efficiently conduct them, like verbal, ballot, and processed types. Opinion polling developed into popular applications through popular thought, although response rates for some surveys declined. Some polling organizations, such as Angus Reid Strategies, YouGov and Zogby use Internet surveys, where a sample is drawn from a large panel of volunteers, and the results are weighed to reflect the demographics of the population of interest. This is in contrast to popular web polls that draw on whoever wishes to participate, rather than a scientific sample of the population, and are therefore not generally considered professional.11. Have you heard of Survivor and Big Brother ? If you have, what do you think of them?Yes, I have heard of the shows Survivor and Big Brother. Survivor is a reality television game show. In the show, contestants are isolated in the wilderness and compete for cash and other prizes. The show uses a system of progressive elimination, allowing the contestants to vote offother tribe members until only one final contestant remains and wins the title of "Sole Survivor". The format for Survivor was created in 1992 by British television producer Charlie Parsons. The show is credited for making reality television a popular television genre.The reality TV shows derived from participants' desire to get fortune and the audience's interest in spying on others' private life. Although the shows themselves may come and go as popularity wanes, reality TV shows will keep reinventing themselves and remain on the air as long as people are watching it and giving the networks the ratings they desire.12. Why are reality TV shows so popular?First, fame and fortune are very enticing. They can lure everyday people out of their dull lives with offers of money and adoration by television viewers. Reality TV shows have gone from an expose of interpersonal relationships to almost anything imaginable. Other reality TV shows include various themes, such as magic, business, relationships, jobs, skills, fitness, sports, cooking, home repair, car repair, etc.The second reason is that television viewers are simply nosey and prying. People like to know what is going on behind closed doors and if it involves some types of controversy that just makes it all the more intriguing.13. Do you sometimes eat out with friends or relatives? Who pays for the meal?Yes, I often eat out with friends or relatives. Sometimes I pay for the meal and sometimes my friends or relatives foot the bill. Or we just go Dutch. Who pays for the meal depends on situations. If one party is in some financial trouble, the other party would probably prefer to pay for the meal. Otherwise, it's better for us to go Dutch, especially when going out with friends.14.Suppose you and your friends are dining at an expensive restaurant. During the meal, one of your friends drops you a hint that you should pay for everything. How would you feel about it?Usually when it is not clear who would pay for the meal or no one proposes to offer us a treat, it is better to go Dutch. If one of my friends drops me a hint that I should pay for everything especially at an expensive restaurant, when I'm not intended to pay, I would probably feel angry about that. Because it makes me think that my friends would like to take advantage of me. Besides, if my friend really wants me to treat him or her, he / she had better make it clear in the first place before we go to dinner.15. Do you like to read crime stories? Why or why not?Yes, I do love reading crime stories, especially the high-tech crime stories, for example, stories about currency counterfeiting, money laundering, intellectual property crime, credit card fraud, computer virus attacks and cyber-terrorism. Crime stories are always glutted withrivalry between overworked cops and foxy criminals. Every aspect of crime writing is explored through clear and informative descriptions offering comprehensive coverage and theoretical sophistication, of which the plot is thrilling and attractive. Crime stories usually have a ground-breaking series, offering scholars, students and discerning readers a comprehensive set of guides to the world of crimes.16. What is considered a crime by law?Crime can be defined in two ways: on the one hand, it can be thought of as acts which break the law; on the other hand, crimes are acts which offend against a set of norms like a moral code. Different human societies may define acts of crime differently. Oxford English dictionary defines crime as an action which constitutes a serious offence against an individual or the state and is punishable by law. Wikipedia believes crime is the breach of rules or laws for which some governing authority (via mechanisms such as legal systems) can ultimately prescribe a conviction.17. Are you interested in the traditions of other peoples in the world? Describe some of them.Personally, I am interested in the wedding tradition in the West. "Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue" is a popular bridal attire rhyme in the West, which dates back to the Victorian times. Something old refers to wearing something thatrepresents a link with the bride's family and her old life. Usually, the bride wears a piece of family jewelry or maybe her mother's or grandmother's wedding dress. Wearing something new represents good fortune and success in the bride's new life. The bride's wedding dress is usually chosen, if purchased new, but it can be any other new item of the bride's wedding attire. Wearing something borrowed is meant to bring good luck to the marriage, while wearing something blue dates back to biblical times when the color blue was considered to represent purity and fidelity.18. Do you consider your birthday one of the most important days in your life? Why or why not?Many people would argue that one's birthday is one of the most important days in one's life, and I am no exception. First, birthday is an important day for me because in one year there is just one birthday celebration and it provides a lot of unforgettable memories. Second, my birthday is the anniversary of my birth, and thus it is a specialthanks-giving occasion for me to offer my filial respect to my parents, especially to my mother, without whom I would not have come to this wonderful world filled with endless opportunities and hopes. Third, my birthday witnesses my growth both physically and mentally. In addition, my birthday is considered an important occasion to receive congratulations and sometimes gifts from my close friends. All in all, asone's birthday is one of the most important days in one's life, one should celebrate it in a most meaningful and fruitful way.19.In what places has smoking already been banned? Are you in favor of this policy or not? Why?Smoking has already been banned in most public places, including hospitals, canteens, hotels, transportation vehicles, etc. As far as I am concerned, I am strongly supportive of this policy. The first reason is that the imposition of such a ban on smoking in public places can effectively reduce health risks on the part of both smokers and those around them since smoking is a chief cause for many respiratory diseases. Second, imposing a ban on smoking in public places can serve as an active deterrence to those non-smokers who are itchy to have a try of cigarettes. Anyhow, we need to take preventive measures to guard against those possible smokers-to-be and to let them know that smoking is something they are not supposed to take up.20.What do you suggest we should do to create a smoke-free working environment?In my view, there are a lot of measures we can take to create a smoke-free environment. First, the government should launch ananti-smoking campaign all over the country to help spread the idea that smoking is an "irresponsible" behavior. Second, as we know, giving up smoking is very difficult and once one becomes physically and mentallyaddicted to cigarettes, he will find it hard to quit. Therefore, to those people who are die-hard smokers, more smoking therapy or healing centers should be established to help them abstain from smoking by medical means. Last but not least, we should engage the whole society in helping those addictive smokers to quit smoking; and the society should be tolerant and patient to these smokers so as to help them eradicate their bad habits.21. How good is your memory? Are you good at remembering dates, telephone numbers, people's names, facts for exams, books or jokes you've read and films you've seen?Frankly speaking, my memory is good. I'm very good at remembering people's names and books I've read. When I was only a child, I was often praised by my neighbors for retelling stories from the TV shows, and I was pleased with myself about my good memory, too. When I was at primary school, my eldest sister would often ask me to tell her what I had learnt in class and what kind of people I had met in school. I loved my sister and was willing to share my experience with her. Looking back now, I realize that my story-retelling experiences and the communication with my sister played a significant role in my memory enhancement. Besides, I pay much attention to boosting my memory including reading books which give memory-improvement guidance and doing exercise which will help improve remembrance.22. What methods do you use to remind yourself of past events?In order to remind myself of the past event, I usually use three methods: keeping a diary, taking pictures and fixing a red-letter day. Keeping a diary is the most frequently used method. Just like a Chinese proverb that goes "The palest ink is better than the best memory", I often write down past events in my dairy. Taking pictures is another good choice. With the popularity of digital cameras and computers, it becomes convenient for people to take photos and make electronic photo albums which can bring them back to the past in an interesting way. Occasionally, a day is fixed as a red-letter day to remind me what happened in the past. For example, October 23rd is a red-letter day for me because I was born at that time. Anyway, cherishing the past helps us to live a happy life in the future.23. How do people's cultural backgrounds influence their way of thinking? Talking about the influence of cultural backgrounds on people's way of thinking, I come up with a question: why did the spirit of science originate in Greece instead of China? Perhaps referring to different cultural backgrounds can shed some light on this issue. We know that science, which is concerned with understanding nature and its laws, transcends political, social or religious boundaries. Actually, a scientist with scientific spirit is expected to have as little pressure from society and government as possible so that he / she can concentrate on his /her research wholeheartedly. It is believed that in ancient times, Chinese people were basically self-sufficient and self-contented, because they were deeply influenced by their agricultural culture. While in Greece, because of the influence of sailing and the contact with people from different cultures, what Greek people highly worshiped was freedom which was of crucial importance in doing scientific research. This may explain why the spirit of science originated in Greece rather than in China and may serve as an example to illustrate how people's cultural backgrounds influence their way of thinking.24. How can failure to recognize cultural differences hinder communication? Cultural differences actually reflect people's different attitudes towards life and the world. One who fails to recognize cultural differences is likely to be caught in trouble when he communicates with people from a different culture. For example, a clock in Japan is regarded as a precious gift; while in China it is very rare for one to send a clock as a gift to his / her friend because the Chinese equivalence of "sending a clock" sounds the same as something related to death. Suppose a Chinese receives a clock from a Japanese friend, he / she would naturally feel bad and misunderstand the Japanese, and the Japanese would think that the Chinese could not appreciate his / her kindness. As a result, the misunderstanding inevitably arises and communication is unexpectedly hindered.。
研究生英语阅读教程(提高级)课后习题翻译(带原文、最全版)
Lesson 11. Yesterday’s terrorism darkened, marked and forever altered the way Americans live their lives. 昨日发生的恐怖主义活动使美国人的生活暗淡无光，在他们的生活中留下了印迹，并永远地改变了他们的生活。
2. “We are going to have to learn what a lot of other countries have gone through: to manage fear at a cultural and national level,” said Charles Figley, a professor of trauma psychology at Florida State University. “We’re getting a lesson in the way fear works.”佛罗里达州立大学创伤心理学教授查尔斯?费格里说:“我们得学一学其它许多国家曾经经历过的东西，那就是从文化上和在全国范围内来应对恐惧。
”他还说:“我们正在体验恐惧是怎样起作用的。
”3. In a country long proud and even boastful of its openness—a country where an ordinary citizen can stroll through the U.S. Capitol unescorted—the terrorist attacks are likely to force Americans to a lot of that. Metal detectors now mark the front door of many government buildings, and security guards are a fixture in the lobby of most large office buildings.美国是一个一向以开放自豪甚至洋洋得意的国家，在这里，人们可以独自在美国国会大楼中闲庭信步，而现在，恐怖袭击很有可能迫使美国人处处小心，惶惶不可终日。
各种奖励荣誉英文的英文表达方式
国家奖学金------ N atio nal Scholarship国家励志奖学金Nati onal En courageme nt scholarship校一等奖：The First Prize Scholarship 校二等奖：The Sec ond Prize Scholarship 校三等奖：The Third Prize Scholarship 单项奖学金：In dividual Scholarship 三好学生标兵------------------- Pacemaker to Merit Stude nt三好学生 ----- Merit Stude nt学习优秀生------ M odel Stude nt of Academic Records突出才能奖------ M odel Stude nt of Outsta ndi ng Capacity先进个人 ----- Adva need In dividual/Outsta nding Stude nt优秀工作者------ E xcelle nt staff优秀学生干部 ----- Excelle nt Stude nt Cadre优秀共青团员 ----- Excelle nt League Member优秀毕业生------ O utsta ndi ng Graduates优秀志愿者------ O utsta nding Volu nteer先进班集体------ A dva need Class优秀团干 ----- Outsta ndi ng League Cadres学生协会优秀干部------ Outsta ndi ng cadres of Stude nt Associati on学生协会工作优秀个人Outsta ndi ng In dividual of Stude nt Association精神文明先进个人------ Spiritual Adva need In dividual社会工作先进个人------ Adva need In dividual of Social Work文体活动先进个人------ Adva need In dividual of Cultural and sports activities道德风尚奖---------- Ethic Award精神文明奖---------- High Morality Prize最佳组织奖---------- Prize for The Best Orga ni zati on突出贡献奖---------- Prize for The Outsta ndi ng Con tribution工作创新奖---------- Prize for The Creative Worki ng团队建设奖---------- Prize for The Team Con tribution二、各系比赛与奖项夕卜语系(Foreign Language Department : 话居比赛D rama competitio n英语演讲比赛 ----- En glish Speech Co ntest八系辩论赛---------- Eight Departme nts In vitatio nal Debate Competiti on黑板报设计大赛 ----- Blackboard Poster Desig n Con testPPT 设计大赛------ Courseware Desig n Competitio n文明宿舍 ---------- Outsta ndi ng DormitoryOK 杯篮球比赛 ------ OK Cup for Basketball Game我心飞扬歌唱比赛------ “ My Heart Flies ” Singing Competition中文系(Department of Chinese Language and Literature) 诗歌朗诵比赛Poetry Recitatio n Con test诗歌创作比赛 ----- Poetry Creation Co ntest摄影大赛 ---------- Photography Competiti on金话筒比赛---------- “Golden Microphone ” Competition兴我中华演讲比赛课件比赛---------- 报刊比赛---------- 足球比赛---------- 三笔比赛---------- 冬日环保针织比赛 --- Speech Competiti on on Revitalizi ng Chi na Courseware Desig n Con testPress Writi ng Con testFootball MatchEssay Con test--- Kni tti ng Con test on Win ter En vir onmen tal Protectio n数学系(Department of Mathematics ):登山比赛 ---------- Mou nta in-climbi ng Competiti on网络工程师----------- N etwork En gi neer Certificati on全国建模比赛 ----- Natio nal Mathematical Modeli ng Co ntest知识风采比赛 ----- Kno wledge Competiti onPPT 课件制作大赛------ Courseware Desig n Competition经济管理系(The Department of Economics & Management) 辩论赛Debate Competiti on创业大赛 ---------- Ven ture Con test政法系(Politics and Law Departmen)：党团知识竞赛 ---------- Kno wledge Con test on the Party and the League政法论坛 ---------- Political and Legal Forum金秋系列活动 ---------- Series of Activities in “ Golde n Seaso n模拟法庭 ---------- Moot Court演讲比赛 ---------- Speech Competitio n征文比赛 ---------- Essay Competiti on计算机科学系(Computer Science Department : 网页设计大赛Web Page Desig n Competition辩论赛 --------------- D ebate Competiti on软件设计大赛 ---------- Software Desig n Competitio n多媒体课件设计大赛-------- M ultimedia Courseware Desig n Competition网站设计竞赛 ---------- Web Desig n Competition电子科学系(Electronic Scienee Department : 演讲比赛Speech Con test电子设计大赛 ---------- Electro nic Desig n Co ntest服装系(Textile and Fashion Department : 服装创意设计大赛Garme nt Desig n Competiti on毕业设计大赛 ---------- Graduatio n Desig n Competiti on发表论文 ---------- Publicati ons专利证书 ---------- Pate nt服装设计大赛 ---------- Garme nt Desig n Con test泳衣大赛 ---------- Swimmi ng Suit Desig n Competiti on手提包设计大赛 ------ H an dbag Desig n Competiti on服装创意设计大赛Creative Garme nt Desig n Competitio n生命科学系(Departme nt of Life Scie nee):实验技能操作大赛------ Experime nt Skill a nd Operatio n Con test广东大学生生物化学实验技能大赛--------- The Biochemical Experime nts Co ntest forCollege Stude nt in Guan gdo ng 建筑与土木工程系(Department of Architecture & Civil Engineering ):建筑文化节---------- Architectural Culture Festival建筑设计竞赛 ---------- Architectural Desig n Competitio n钢笔画比赛---------- Ink Drawi ng Con test节徽设计大赛 ---------- Festival Logo Desig n Con test五佳”歌手活动 --------- “ Best Five ” Sin ger Activities友谊篮球赛---------- Frie ndship Cup Basketball Match工程测量比赛 ---------- Engin eeri ng Survey Competiti on班际足球赛---------- In ter-class Football Match省大学生科技竞赛-------- Science and Tech no logy Con test for Province College Stude nts十佳学生活动组织------ Top Ten Stude nt Activities Orga ni zati on十大学生修身楷模------ Ten Model Stude nts of Self-cultivati on学生科研创新奖 ---------- Stude nt Award for Research and Inno vati on棋王大赛 --------------- Chess Competiti on电子社飞思杯电脑建筑效果图设计大赛 ------------------------ E-Society Feisi Cup Architectural Ren deri ngs Computer Desig n Con test化学工程系(Departme nt of Chemical Engin eeri ng & Tech no logy):飞狐杯”八系辩论赛 ------- Flying Fox Cup 8 departments Invitational Debate Competiti on女子篮球赛---------- Wome n's Basketball Match广东省高校化学化工实验技能大赛------------ Chemistry and Chemical Experiment Skills Competiti on for Colleges in Guangdong 旅游管理系(Tourism and Management Department):导游技能大赛 ---------- Tourist Skills Con test导游路线设计大赛------ Tourist Route Desig n Competition党团知识竞赛 ---------- Kno wledge Con tests about the CPC and the CYLC礼仪风采大赛 ---------- Ma nner and Etiquette Con test体育系(Department of Sports):体育文化节---------- Physical Culture Festival音乐系(Music Department)相声小品大赛 ---------- Crosstalk and Sketch Co ntest班际篮球赛---------- In ter-class Basketball Match三、证书大学英语四级---------- CET4 (College En glish Test Band 4 Certificate)大学英语六级 ---------- CET6 (College En glish Test Ba nd 6 Certificate)英语专业四级 ---------- TEM4 (Test for En glish Major Grade 4 Certificate)英语专业八级 ---------- TEM8 (Test for En glish Major Grade 8 Certificate)普通话等级考试 ---------- National Mandarin Test (Level 1,2, 3; Grade A,B,C)日语能力考试 ---------- Japanese Language Proficiency Test (Level 1,2 , 3 , 4 )商务日语能力考试------ Busin ess Japa nese Proficie ncy Test商务英语证书 ---------- Busin ess En glish Certificate)雅思-------------- IELTS (Intern ati onal En glish Lan guage Testi ng System)托福-------------- TOEFL (Test of En glish as a Foreig n Lan guage)全国计算机一级证书 全国计算机二级证书 全国计算机三级证书 全国计算机四级证书 导游证 -------------- 导游资格证书 ------- BEC 初级 --------------- (BEC Prelim in ary Level ，缩略为 BEC Pre.)BEC 中级 --------------- (BEC Vantage Level ,缩略为 BEC Van.)BEC 高级 --------------- (BEC Higher Level ，缩略为 BEC Hi.)全国计算机等级考试------- Natio nal Computer Rank Exami nation (NCRE)Rank I: DOS 、WINDOWSRankU : VISUAL BASIC , VISUAL FOXPRO , QBASIC , FORTRAN , C, FOXBASERankM : PC tech no logy 、In formatio n man ageme n 、Internet tech no logy 、Data baseRankW: Ability to systems an alysis and systems projectFirst-level Certificate for National Computer Second-level Certificate for Nati onal Computer Third-levelCertificate for Nati onal Computer Fourth-levelCertificate for Nati onal Computer Guide ID Card(Guide Identity of Identification Card) -GuideCertificate秘书证 -------------- Secretary Card中级涉外秘书证 ----------- In termediate Foreig n Secretary Card会计证 -------------- Acco un ti ng Certificate会计从业资格证书: ----- Certificate of Accounting Professional初级职务(助理会计)证书 Sub-accou ntant Certificate Prelim in ary Level中级职称 --------------- In termediate Certificate管理会计师证书 : ---------- Certificate in Management Accounting注册会计师证书： ------------- (CPA Certificate)Certificate of Certified PublicAcco untant注册金融分析师 ----------- (CFA )Chartered Financial Analyst特许公认会计师 ----------- (ACCA )The Association of Chartered AccountantsCAD 工程师认证证书 ------ CAD Engineer Certification电工证 -------------- Electricia n certificate技工证书 -------------- T ech ni cia n Certificate教师资格证 ---------------- Teacher Certificati on心理辅导教师资格证书 ------- P sychological Cou nseli ng Teacher Certificate报关员资格证书 ----------- Clerk for the Customs Declaratio n报关员证书 ---------------- Customs Declarati on Certificate人力资源从业资格证书 ------- Q ualificati on of Huma n Resources Practitio ners 驾驶证 -------------- Driver ' s License国家司法考试证书 ------------ N ati onal Judicial Exam in ati on certificate ( lawyer's qualification certificate )律师资格证书 ---------- Attorney ' s certificate企业法律顾问执业资格证书En terprise Cou nsel Qualificati on Certificate 法律顾问 --------------- Legal Adviser律师助理证---------------- Assista nt Lawyer Certificate会计从业资格证 ----------- Certificate of Acco unting Professi onal初级会计职称 ---------- Junior Level Acco untant中级会计职称 ---------- Medium Level Accou nta nt高级职称 ------------注册会计师 ---------注册税务师 ---------经济师 --------------精算师 --------------审计师 --------------统计师 --------------物流师职业资格证书国际物流师 ---------Computer Tech no logy and — Advaneed Level Accountant — Certified Public Accou ntant (CPC ) —— Certified Tax Age nts(CTA ) Econo mist Actuary Auditor Actuary ----- C ertificate of International Logistics Specialist — Certified Intern ati onal Logistics Specialist (CILS)国际电子商务师职业资格认证 Certification of International E-Commerce Specialist 国际电子商务师 ----------- C ertified International E-Commerce Specialist (CIECS ) 市场营销师 ---------------- M arketi ng Man ager特许市场营销师 ----------- C ertified Market ing Ma nager (CMM)初级营销职业证书 ----------- In troductory Certificate in Marketi ng市场营销职业证书 ----------- Certificate in Market ing国际商务谈判师 ----------- C ertificated In ternatio nal Professio nal Negotiator ( CIPN) 投资咨询师 ---------------- I nv estme nt Coun selor人力资源管理 ---------- Human Resource Man ageme nt ( HRM )中国职业经理人资格认证 ------- Certificate of Ch in ese Professio nal Man ager 中国职业经理人 ----------- C hi nese Professio nal Man ager ( CPM )注册国际投资分析师------- C ertified In ternatio nal In vestme nt An alyst( CIIA ) 注册金融分析师 ----------- C hartered Finan cial A nalyst ( CFA )注册金融策划师 ----------- C ertified Financial Planner ( CFP )认证金融理财师 ----------- A ssociate Financial Pla nn er (AFP)金融风险管理师 ----------- F inancial Risk Manager ( FRM )证券从业资格证书 ----------- Certificate of Securities国际贸易单证员证书------- C ertificate of Intern ati onal Commercial Docume nts 报关员资格证书 ----------- C ertificate of Customs Specialist报检员资格证书 ----------- C ertificate of In spect ion公务员考试 ---------------- C ivil Servants Exam计算机技术与软件专业技术(水平)资格考试 - Software Expertise (level) Qualificati on Exam in ati on 网络工程师 Network Engin eer 软件设计师 ---------------- S oftware Architect数据库分析师 ---------- Database An alyst网络管理员 ---------------- W ebmaster信息系统项目管理师------- I n formatio n Systems Project Man ageme nt Divisio n 网络规划设计师 ----------- N etwork Pla nning Desig ner多媒体应用设计师 ----------- Multimedia desig ner电力工程证书 ---------- Certificate in Electrical Engin eeri ng国际电子商务师 ----------- C ertified In ternatio nal E-Commerce Specialist (CIECS )一、二级建造师 ----------- G rade1/2 Co nstructor造价工程师 ---------------- C ost Engineer第一名 -------------- 第二名 -------------- 注册房地产估价师 ------------ C ertified Real Estate Appraiser质量工程师 ---------------- Q uality Assura nee Engin eer城市规戈U 师 -------------- Urba n Pla nner公路造价师 ---------------- H ighway Cost Estimator工程造价师 ---------------- B udget ing Specialist化学检验员 ---------------- C hemistry Testi ng Laboratory Tech nician 化学技能证书 ------------ Chemical Skills Certificate药品检验员 ----------------- Drug In spector四、一一校运会The First PrizeThe Sec ond PrizeThe Third Prize--- Competiti on of Body-build ing Exercises----- Basketball Matches in Sports-meeting of HuizhouUn iversity校运会男子 100 米 ----- Men s 100-metre Race in the Sports-meeting of Huizhou Un iversity校运会女子 100 米 ----- Women s 100-metre Race in the Sports-meeting of Huizhou Un iversity校运会男子 200 米 ----- Men s 200-metre Race in the Sports-meeting of Huizhou Un iversity校运会女子 200 米 ----- Women s 200-metre Race in the Sports-meeting of Huizhou Un iversity校运会男子 1500 米 ------- M en s 1500metre Race in the Sports-meeting of Huizhou Un iversity校运会女子 800 米 ----- Women s 800-metre Race in the Sports-meeting of Huizhou Un iversity校运会男女跳高比赛------- M e n/Wome ns High Jump Matches 校运会男女三级跳比赛 ------- M e n/Wome ns Triple Jump Matches 校运会男子 110 米栏 ------ M en s 110metre Hurdle Race校运会男女铅球 ----------- M en/Wome n ' s Shot Put校运会男女标枪 ----------- M en/Wome ns javelin throw ing五、一一艺术节博客大赛 --------------- Blog Con test金话筒？ ”主持人大赛 -- G olde n Micropho ne Host Competition惠州学院十大歌手------ Top Ten Si ngers of Huizhou Un iversity仓U意T 台服装设计大赛 ---- C reative Fashion Design Competition惠州学院丰湖之星------ Fen ghu Stars of Huizhou Un iversity激浪黑板报大赛 ----------- W ave Blackboard Poster Competiti on徼浪个性我创”涂鸦比赛Wave Creative Graffiti Competition墨迹杯”书画大赛----- Chinese Ink Cup Calligraphy and Painting Competition军训优秀通讯员 ----------- E xcelle nt Corresp ondent in Military Trai ning军训先进个人 ---------- Adva need In dividual in Military Trai ning十佳社团 --------------- Top Ten Outsta ndi ng Associati ons体育道德风尚奖 ----------- PE Morality Award优秀指导教师奖 ----------- Excelle nt Guide Teacher Award突出贡献奖---------- Outsta ndi ng Con tribution Award工作创新奖---------- Inno vati on Award团队建设奖---------- Teamwork Award最佳台风奖---------- Best Stage Style Award最佳人气奖---------- Best Popularity Award优秀组织奖---------- Outsta ndi ng Orga ni zation Award最佳创意奖---------- Best Creativity Award优秀团体奖---------- Excelle nt Group Award优秀节目奖---------- Best Program Award十佳新秀奖---------- Top Ten Outsta ndi ng Risi ng Stars Award最具潜质奖---------- Most Pote ntiality Award最佳才艺奖---------- Outsta ndi ng Tale nt Award最佳气质奖---------- Outsta ndi ng Quality Award最佳口才奖---------- Best Eloque nee Award最佳演员奖---------- Best Actor Award最佳剧本奖---------- Best Script Award优秀会员 --------------- Excelle nt Member最佳辩手 --------------- Best Debater优秀辩手 --------------- Excelle nt Debater六、----- 协会法律促进协会 ----- Law Promoti on Associatio n模拟法庭竞赛Moot Court Competition英语口语协会 ----- Oral En glish In stitute交流会Excha nge Meeting ---- Make Our Voice Heard书法协会 ----- Calligraphy Associati on亲近中国文化，了解汉字” Get Close to the Chinese culture, Get to Learn Chin ese CharactersX —GAME 协会X-GAME AssociationX-GAME 创新表演大赛X-GAME Inn ovation con tests心理健康促进协会Association of Adva nceme nt of Men tal Health 心灵之交”Meeting Soul-mates峥嵘乒乓球协会Associati on of Zhengrong Table Tennis我最有才”峥嵘乒乓球比赛Zhe ngrong Cup Table Tennis Con test足球协会 ----- Football Association新生杯”足球争霸赛之各系荣耀大战Freshmen Cup Football Match of all Departme nts— Glory War 毽球协会Shuttlecock Association毽球新风采”毽球大比拼New Style Shuttlecock Competition篮球协会 ----- Basketball Associatio n三人篮球赛”--------- Three-player Basketball Match旅游爱好者协会Travel En thusiasts Associati on 创意风筝节Creative Kite Festival团委会—— 学生社团- 体育部一一 文艺部一一 学习部一一 女生部一一 心理发展部 外联部一一 宣传部一一 生活部一一 纪检部一一 秘书部—— 组织部一一 编辑咅E ---学生会主席 团委会书记 团支书一一 团支书一一 副书记一一 秘书长一一 学术部干事 宿舍长—— 优秀团员— 班长 ------- 演讲与口才协会 Speech and Eloque nee Associati on环境保护，重在行动”演讲比赛Take Action to Protect Environment SpeechCon test 奕林棋协 ----- Yi-lin Chi nese Chess Association奕林棋协棋王争霸赛 ” Yi-lin Chinese Chess Conpetition 企业与市场调研协会 Busin ess and Market ing Research Associatio n 职业经理人挑战赛 --------------------------- Professio nal man agers Challe nge Match 飞翔舞协 ----- Flyi ng Dance Associatio n假面舞会 ---------- Masque Ball新春柳话剧社 ----- Rebor n Drama Associati on我心飞扬”剧本创作大赛及公演 Flying Heart Script-writing Contest 摄影协会 ----- Photography Associati on生活”摄影展 ---- L ife Photo Exhibiti on七、其他学生会 -------------- Stude nt Union Youth League Committee -Students ' Association Sports Departme nt Arts Departme nt Lear ning Departme nt Girls Departme nt ——Psychological Developme nt Departme nt Public Relatio ns Departme nt Propaga nda Departme nt Life Departme nt Discipli ne In spect ion Departme nt Secretary Departme nt Orga ni zati on Departme ntEditorial Departme nt —— Preside nt of the Stude nt Un io n — Secretary of the Youth League Committee League Branch Secretary Secretary of the Youth League Branch Committee Vice Secretary Secretary-ge neral —— a member of the Academic Departme nt Head of the dormitory - Excellent League Member-Mon itor/ Class Preside nt 畐寸班长 ------------ Vice-m on itor文体委员 --------------- Recreati on & Sports Secretary学习委员 --------------- Study Secretary生活委员 --------------- Life Secretary宣传委员 --------------- Publicity Secretary军训 ------- 艺术团—— 义教 ------- 迎新晚会-招聘会一一 广播站一一 学生处—— 舍管 ------- 社会活动- 课外活动- 社会实践- 学术活动- 籍贯 ------- 婚姻状况- 家庭状况- 可到职时间教育程度-课程 -------职业目标-主修 -------工作目标—副修 -------希望职位—优良学风班团结合作—创新能力—沟通能力—兼职 ------- 生活委员 --------------- Orga ni zatio n Secretary 勤工俭学 --------------- Work-study Program 青年志愿者协会 ----------- Y outh Volun teers Associati on 政治辅导员 ---------------- P olitical Tutors 晚会主持人 ---------------- H ost on the en terta inment / eve ning party 礼仪队 -------------------- R eceptio n Team/ Protocol Team 三下乡 --------------- V olun teer Activities for the Country People 综合测评 --------------- Comprehe nsive Evaluatio n of Stude nts ' Performa nee预备党员 ------------------------- P robati onary Party Member 入党积极分子 --------------- Applica nt for Party Membership 综合素质优秀学生 ----------- Excelle nt Stude nt of Comprehe nsive Quality 优秀青年志愿者 ----------- O utsta ndi ng Young Volun teer校园十杰 --------------- Ten Prominent Youth on Campus / Top Ten YouthonCampus 品学兼优的学生 ----------- Stude nt of Good Character and Scholarship 模拟招聘会 --------------- Mock In terviews Military Trai ning -Art Troupe Volun tary Teach ing Welcome Party for the Freshme n -Job Fair-Broadcasting Station- Students Affairs Department housepare nt social/ public activities extracurricular activities social practice academic activities n ative place marital status family status -date of availability educati onal backgro und curriculum career objective major employme nt objective minor positi on wan ted -Class of Good Style Study Solidarity and Cooperati onCreative Ability Commu ni cati onal Ability Part-time Job促销员 ------- 派传单 ------- 市场调研—乒乓球协会- 社团艺术节- 招聘网站一- 党支部---------- 家教---------- 英语培训中心成绩优异一- 学业技能一- 思想品行一- 文体表现一- 社团艺术节- 实习---------- b -Sales Promoter-Deliver pamphletsMarketi ng Research-Table Tennis Association-Community Festival Recruitme nt Site-Party BranchTutorEn glish training centre Outsta nding Academic Results Academic SkillsIdeological MoralityArts and Sports Performa nee -Community FestivalIn ternship。
2022年全国中考英语真题(江苏河南广东四川等)汇编专题16 阅读理解 考点4 议论文(解析版)
专题16 阅读理解考点4 议论文（一）（2022·北京·中考真题）A Pathway (路径) to Meaning in LifeWhen it comes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. A life filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, what makes a meaningful life?Many researchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): having long-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s life fits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimes life enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We call this experiential appreciation (EA). EA is about the person feeling connected to events and being able to appreciate the value within the connection. It shows the discovery of and admiration for life’s beauty.We recently set out to better understand EA in studies. We were interested in whether EA was also tied to general judgment of meaning in life. If so, it could be a factor for meaningfulness.In the first study, we had people rate (评估) their support for different methods of reducing stress. We found that people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful.In the next study, we asked people to rate the degree to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I appreciate the beauty of life” and “I appreciate little things in life,” as well as other statements that related to the three factors and a general sense of meaning in life. Our results showed that the more people reported that they were “appreciating life” and its many experiences, the more they felt their life was valuable.In the following studies, we further looked at the connection between EA and meaningfulness. For example, we found that people who were asked to look back on the most meaningful event of the past week generally reported high EA in those moments.All the results proved our theory (假设) true. But putting it into practice can be difficult. Our fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We try to get the highest output both at work and in spare time. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. We should slow down and let life surprise us.1．You were most probably in the EA condition when _________.A．you made a travel plan for the coming holidayB．you hurried to serve the customers in the storeC．you practiced hard to become the best violinistD．you stopped to admire the roses by the roadside2．What can we learn from the studies mentioned in the passage?A．Thinking back to the past weakens our sense of meaning.B．Enjoying small things can influence our attitude toward life.C．Proper stress management is the key to living a satisfying life.D．Good judgment on beauty improves connections among people.3．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?A．It is easier for results-driven people to achieve success.B．We often turn a blind eye to the present moment.C．A fast-paced lifestyle helps us reach our goals.D．Future life will bring us many more surprises.4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?A．To explain how to discover beauty in life.B．To discuss what the true meaning of life is.C．To introduce a new factor for a meaningful life.D．To compare different factors for meaningfulness.【答案】1．D2．B3．B4．C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文，讨论是什么让生活变得有意义。
2023年12月大学英语六级考试真题
2023年12月大学英语六级考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12023 December College English Test Band 6 (CET-6) ExamIntroductionThe College English Test Band 6 (CET-6) is a standardized English proficiency test in China that assesses the English language proficiency of non-English major college students. The exam consists of listening, reading, writing, and translation sections, and it is widely recognized by universities and employers as a measure of English proficiency. In December 2023, thousands of students across China took the CET-6 exam in hopes of achieving a high score and improving their chances of academic and career success.Listening SectionThe listening section of the CET-6 exam tests students' ability to understand spoken English in various contexts, such as lectures, conversations, and news reports. Students are required to listen to recordings and answer multiple-choice questions based on the information they hear. In the December 2023 exam,students reported that the listening section was challenging, with questions covering a wide range of topics including education, technology, and environmental issues. Many students found the lecture on renewable energy particularly difficult, as it contained complex vocabulary and scientific concepts.Reading SectionThe reading section of the CET-6 exam assesses students' ability to comprehend and analyze written English texts. Students are required to read a series of passages on topics such as history, culture, and society, and answer multiple-choice questions and short-answer questions based on the information in the texts. In the December 2023 exam, students encountered passages on a variety of subjects, including literature, economics, and politics. Many students found the passage on gender equality particularly thought-provoking, as it challenged traditional notions of gender roles and stereotypes.Writing SectionThe writing section of the CET-6 exam tests students' ability to express their ideas clearly and coherently in written English. Students are required to write essays on topics such as social issues, current events, and personal experiences, and are assessed on their vocabulary, grammar, organization, and overallcoherence. In the December 2023 exam, students were asked to write an essay on the impact of social media on interpersonal relationships. Many students found this topic relevant and engaging, and wrote thoughtful essays analyzing the positive and negative effects of social media on communication and community building.Translation SectionThe translation section of the CET-6 exam evaluates students' ability to accurately translate English texts into Chinese and vice versa. Students are required to translate sentences and paragraphs on various topics, including literature, science, and business, while maintaining the original meaning and style of the text. In the December 2023 exam, students were tasked with translating a passage on the importance of cultural diversity in global business. Many students found this translation challenging, as it required them to convey nuanced ideas and cultural concepts in both languages.ConclusionOverall, the December 2023 College English Test Band 6 (CET-6) exam tested students' English language proficiency across listening, reading, writing, and translation sections. Students reported that the exam was challenging but fair, andmany felt that it accurately assessed their abilities and skills in English. As students await their results, they can take pride in their hard work and dedication to improving their English proficiency, and look forward to using their CET-6 scores to achieve their academic and career goals in the future.篇22023年12月大学英语六级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic ofJob Satisfaction. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.工作是人们生活中不可或缺的一部分，工作满意度对人们的幸福感和生活质量有着重要影响2.导致工作满意度低的原因有哪些？3.提高工作满意度的方法是什么？Job SatisfactionWork is an essential part of people's lives, and job satisfaction plays a crucial role in their happiness and quality oflife. However, many individuals struggle with low job satisfaction for various reasons.One of the primary reasons for low job satisfaction is a lack of recognition and appreciation from superiors. When employees feel undervalued and unappreciated, it can lead to a decrease in motivation and productivity. Additionally, poor work-life balance can also contribute to low job satisfaction. When individuals are overworked and do not have enough time to relax and recharge, they are more likely to feel dissatisfied with their jobs.Furthermore, a lack of opportunities for growth and development can lead to stagnation and dissatisfaction. Employees who feel like they are not learning or growing in their roles are more likely to seek opportunities elsewhere.To improve job satisfaction, companies can implement various strategies. For example, providing regular feedback and recognition can help employees feel valued and appreciated. Additionally, offering flexible working hours and promoting work-life balance can improve job satisfaction and morale. Moreover, providing opportunities for growth and development, such as training programs and career advancementopportunities, can help employees feel engaged and motivated in their roles.In conclusion, job satisfaction is essential for individual well-being and overall productivity. By addressing the root causes of low job satisfaction and implementing strategies to improve it, companies can create a positive work environment that benefits both employees and the organization as a whole.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)听力原文略Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section AReading ComprehensionIn a recent study conducted by the University of Michigan, researchers found that individuals who engage in regular physical exercise are more likely to experience higher job satisfaction than those who do not. The study, which surveyed over 1,000 employees from various industries, found a strong correlation between physical fitness and job satisfaction.According to the researchers, there are several reasons why exercise can improve job satisfaction. First, exercise has beenshown to reduce stress and anxiety, which are common contributors to job dissatisfaction. By engaging in physical activity, individuals can release tension and clear their minds, leading to increased focus and productivity in the workplace.Additionally, regular exercise has been linked to improved mood and overall well-being. When individuals feel good physically and mentally, they are more likely to enjoy their work and feel satisfied with their jobs. Moreover, exercise can boost self-confidence and self-esteem, which can translate into higher job satisfaction and job performance.Overall, the study's findings suggest that incorporating regular physical exercise into one's routine can have a positive impact on job satisfaction. Employers are encouraged to promote physical fitness and wellness programs in the workplace to help improve employee well-being and job satisfaction.Section BReading ComprehensionAccording to a recent survey conducted by the National Institute of Labor Studies, job satisfaction among young workers has been on the decline in recent years. The survey, whichincluded over 5,000 workers aged 18-30, found that only 35% of respondents reported feeling satisfied with their current jobs.One of the primary reasons for low job satisfaction among young workers is a lack of career advancement opportunities. Many respondents expressed frustration with the limited opportunities for growth and development in their roles, leading to feelings of stagnation and dissatisfaction. Additionally, low salaries and benefits were cited as significant contributors to job dissatisfaction among young workers.Furthermore, the survey found that workplace culture and dynamics played a significant role in job satisfaction. Many respondents reported feeling undervalued and unappreciated by their superiors, leading to a lack of motivation and engagement in their work. Additionally, long working hours and a lack of work-life balance were common complaints among young workers.To address the issue of low job satisfaction among young workers, the National Institute of Labor Studies recommends that employers provide more opportunities for career advancement and growth. Additionally, offering competitive salaries and benefits can help attract and retain young talent. Moreover, creating a positive work environment that valuesemployee well-being and promotes work-life balance can help improve job satisfaction among young workers.Part IV Translation (15 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 15 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer following the passage.健康是人们生活中最宝贵的财富之一。
高中英语学术研究单选题30题
高中英语学术研究单选题30题1.In an academic discussion, it is important to be clear and concise. We should avoid using words that are too _____.A.vagueB.preciseC.explicitD.definite答案：A。
本题考查词汇辨析。
选项A“vague”表示模糊的；选项B“precise”表示精确的；选项C“explicit”表示明确的；选项D“definite”表示确定的。
在学术讨论中，要避免使用模糊的词汇，所以选A。
2.When writing a research paper, we need to cite reliable sources to make our arguments more _____.A.credibleB.incredibleC.doubtfulD.suspicious答案：A。
本题考查词汇辨析。
选项A“credible”表示可信的；选项B“incredible”表示难以置信的；选项C“doubtful”表示怀疑的；选项D“suspicious”表示可疑的。
写研究论文时，引用可靠的来源能使我们的论点更可信，所以选A。
3.During an academic seminar, participants should express their views in a(n) _____ manner.A.ambiguousB.unambiguousC.confusedD.muddled答案：B。
本题考查词汇辨析。
选项A“ambiguous”表示模棱两可的；选项B“unambiguous”表示明确的；选项C“confused”表示困惑的；选项D“muddled”表示混乱的。
在学术研讨会上，参与者应该以明确的方式表达观点，所以选B。
4.In academic writing, it is essential to use language that is _____.A.colloquialB.technicalrmalD.slang答案：B。
211218188_Exploring_the_Impact_of_Serious_Reading_
Cultural and Religious Studies, April 2023, Vol. 11, No. 4, 195-198doi: 10.17265/2328-2177/2023.04.008 Exploring the Impact of Serious Reading of ClassicalMetatextuals on University Students ’ Learningof Traditional CultureZHANG Pei, LI JiaxianBeijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, ChinaAn important carrier of excellent Chinese traditional culture is the classic book, and university students carry theimportant responsibility of promoting Chinese excellent traditional culture and propagating cultural confidence. Theserious reading of classical texts is an important way for university students to learn traditional culture, which has theadvantages of professionalism and systematization. At the present stage, university students lack the awareness andaction to read the classics, and the time for serious reading is very limited. The genre, subject matter, and extent ofIP development are important factors that affect the in-depth reading of the classic metatext.Keywords: traditional culture, Chinese traditional culture, university students, reading abilityPrefaceThis paper adopts a questionnaire, data analysis, and control variables research method, after screening a total of 200 valid questionnaires, of which questions 11 and 12 are the data source and research basis for this paper. The 11th question asked “Have you ever learned about ‘sutras, histories and sons ’?” and the 12th question asked “Among the following books, which one do you like to read most in its original form?” The answers included the Analects of Confucius , Zhou Yi , The Records of the Grand Historian , Xu Xia Ke ’s Travels, Zhuang Zi , Shan Hai Jing , Chu Shu , and Wen Xin Diao Long , which are multiple choice questions. After the analysis of the two questions, two points were made. Firstly, at this stage, university students lack the awareness and action to read the classic metatext, and their reading behaviour is influenced by their personal reading efforts and the strength of the dissemination of the classic metatext. Secondly, the genre of the classics and the extent of IP development are positively and strongly correlated with students ’ interest and action in reading. Therefore, university students should study traditional culture independently and spontaneously, and increase the time spent on serious reading. * This paper is the periodic research result of the research project: Beijing University Student Innovation Training Program - A Study on the Practical Logic of Traditional Culture Acquisition for College Students (北京大学生创新训练项目-大学生传统文化习得中的实践逻辑研究, Serial Number S200210015037); Key Project of Teaching Reform and Innovation at the College Level of Beijing Institute of Printing and Technology - National First Class Major - Research on the Construction of Editing and Publishing Majors (北京印刷学院校级教改创新重点项目-国家级一流专业——编辑出版学专业建设研究, Serial Number22150223075). ZHANG Pei, Ph.D., post-doctoral of law, Associate Professor, master instructor, Department of editing and publishing, School of Publishing, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China.Li Jiaxian, undergraduate, Tao Fen Experimental Class, Grade 2021, School of Publishing, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China.DA VID PUBLISHINGDEXPLORING THE IMPACT OF SERIOUS READING OF CLASSICAL METATEXTUALS196Do You Automatically Know About “Scripture, History, and Songs”?Firstly, the scope of traditional culture is defined, and in this section the scope of traditional culture is narrowed down to the various types of books representing traditional culture, with a clear point of reference.The Sui Shu—Scriptures and Records is the first historical catalogue in China’s history to be named after the four sections of the scriptures, history, sons, and collections, and it is also the earliest extant tetrad catalogue. Scholars generally agree that the New Book of the Middle Classics was the beginning of the classification of the four divisions.The Siku classification is an important way of classifying ancient Chinese texts and is authoritative and universal.In question 11, on the question “Have you ever automatically learned about ‘sutras, histories, sons and collections’?”, the largest proportion of respondents (36.5%) said “No”, followed by “actively studied but not in depth” (30%), followed by “asked by teacher to study” and “actively studied and studied in depth” (26% and 7.5% respectively). The survey results show that all the subjects were asked to learn about the subject by their teachers but not in depth. The results of the survey show that the largest number of respondents did not know about the subject, the smallest number knew about it and did not learn about it, and the largest number did not know about it, the teacher asked them to learn about it, and they took the initiative to learn about it but did not learn about it.When the subjects were selected in the “Science” and “Engineering” samples, the results were different from the first two, with the highest percentage of subjects having no knowledge and the lowest number of subjects being asked by teachers to learn more.From these results it is clear that at this stage university students lack the awareness and action to read the classical metatext. Compared to the study of university courses and recreational extra-curricular learning, university students do not take enough initiative, and even among students majoring in real literature, the results of carrying out the study are not satisfactory and differ greatly from the ideal state. The reasons for this are twofold.The first is reading ability. The reading of classical texts is difficult and boring, and requires a high level of reading ability and knowledge accumulation, so the interest and enthusiasm in reading will quickly disappear if the reading ability does not meet the requirements. At the same time, university students who are accustomed to the one-answer exams of secondary education are not as comfortable with independent learning and exploration as they would be if they were able to read, but they are afraid to delve deeper and speak up because they do not have standard answers or guidance from their teachers. Similarly, in the process of reading, problems are encountered, problems are solved, knowledge is accumulated, and positive feedback is given to promote reading enthusiasm and reading ability, so that autonomy and reading ability become bigger and bigger like a snowball, with better and better results. Therefore, university students must take the initiative to enhance their self-learning ability and gradually improve their reading ability in the serious reading of classic metatextuals. No one is born with the ability to read everything, and knowledge and ability are gained in the process of learning.The second is the strength of dissemination. In a contemporary age of highly developed media technology, more and more people are looking to dissemination as an important measure of the quality of a publication’s content, however, the truth is that publications with a high level of dissemination do not necessarily have a high impact, and publications with a high impact have a high level of dissemination versus not necessarily a high impact. The classics are generally not as widely distributed as bestsellers or popular online videos because of theEXPLORING THE IMPACT OF SERIOUS READING OF CLASSICAL METATEXTUALS197reading skills they require, but the impact of serious reading on a person is profound and far greater than that of reading and watching other types of publications. Therefore, the question of how to increase the dissemination of classic metatextuals within an appropriate range and stimulate university students’ interest in reading them is an important one for the publishing industry and editors to consider in the future.Another conclusion that can be drawn from combining the results of the three different analyses is the importance and effectiveness of the teacher’s role in guiding university students in the seriousness of the classic metatext. The teacher’s guidance and requirements are important guides to enable university students to bre ak out of their information cocoons and join the seriousness reading stage. It can be concluded from random interviews that students in editing and publishing have carried out readings about the Historical Records under the guidance of their teachers in the Classics Reading course, and will form a reading report based on their reading experience, which will also be exchanged and presented in the class during the course, giving an important impetus to the effectiveness of the acquisition of the Historical Records. The teacher has an important role to play in the learning of students, and also has an important role to play in guiding and promoting the attitude of students in reading the classical canon. In the editing and publishing course, the teacher strongly recommends, encourages, and requires the students of the course to read the canon and to write reading reports. The students are guided by their teachers to engage in serious reading, mobilise their interest in reading, and gain a sense of satisfaction and feedback in the process of sharing, which in turn leads to further reading action and improved reading skills.Of the Following Books, Which Would You Most Like to Read in Their Original Form?The next question is the twelfth, “Which of the following books would you most like to read in their original form?” The purpose of this question was to specifically analyse the reading of the more widely recognized meta-texts in the different categories of scripture, history, and scripture, with the aim of identifying the key factors influencing university students’ interest in reading meta-texts.The top three were the Shanhaijing with 68%, the Shiji with 46%, and the Xu Xiake’s Travels with 41%. Because a large proportion of the subjects were from the editing and publishing program, and the fact that the teacher of the major course required the reading of The Chronicle of History influenced the findings, the top three were chosen to exclude The Chronicle of History from the analysis, and the top three after that were The Scriptures of the Mountain and the Sea, The Travels of Xu Xia Ke, and The Analects of Confucius. The reasons for the share of each book are analysed in the following:The high willingness to read the Shanhaijing reflects the influence of IP development and film and television productions. The Shanhaijing is a marvelous book among China’s classical masterpieces, containing a large amount of information on geography, local objects, ethnic folklore, and mythological stories in its 30,000 words, and the rich cultural resources it contains have great potential for exploitation. From The Legend of Nezha to the light of national comics, Big Fish Begonia has incorporated a large number of these mythological stories and elements, forming an important cultural feature of domestic animation. As a result, the dissemination and recognition of the original has been made more widespread through mass communication and IP development, and because of the penetration of various cultural creations and film productions in everyday life, the original Shan Hai Jing has become closer to people and more familiar. The higher degree of familiarity and dissemination in turn reduces the difficulty of reading to a certain extent, which, together with popular interest, makes university students highly willing to read the Shanhaijing metatext. However, after the extraction of elements and theEXPLORING THE IMPACT OF SERIOUS READING OF CLASSICAL METATEXTUALS198shaping of values, IP development and cultural creativity have presented products that have deviated from the content written in the Canon itself. Therefore, the adapted works should not be used as a way to study the classic Canon, but to truly read the Canon in depth and look at the adapted works objectively.The high willingness to read Xu Xiakai’s Travels reflects the influence of the style of the text and the low reading ability required. Xu Xiake’s Travels is a prose travelogue written by the Ming dynasty geographer Xu Xiake over a period of more than 30 years. The author takes the process of travelling as the backbone of the entire work, describing many natural images of aesthetic interest; crossed with the author’s emotional ups and downs and spiritual direction, achieving the effect of the subject’s spiritual experience against the aesthetics of objective scenery. The book is mainly about landscape scenery and contains a wealth of geographical knowledge and accounts of natural phenomena, making it extremely appealing to geography enthusiasts. At the same time, Xu Xiakai adopts a diary style of writing, which requires low reading skills and is more interesting to the reader, hence the high willingness of university students to read it.The higher willingness to read The Analects reflects the influence of exposure to learning and cultural stratigraphy piled up from childhood and the lower reading ability required for the discursive form. The Analects, an important Confucian classic, has permeated every aspect of students’ studies from childhood to adulthood, and university students are expected to have a high level of knowledge of the Analects and its content. At the same time, the format of the discourse style is reader-friendly and requires less reading skills. The two reasons combine to make university students more willing to read the Analects of Confucius.The high willingness to read the Histories reflects the role of teacher guidance on students’ reading of the metatext. Editorial and publishing students are influenced and motivated by their teachers to read the Shiji metatext and to write reading reports that incorporate their personal understandings, receiving timely feedback and good acquisition results.After the above analysis, two conclusions are drawn. The first is that university students are more enthusiastic and take action in learning traditional culture through extra-curricular entertaining means than through serious reading of the classical metatext and university courses. This is closely related to the degree of dissemination and the reading ability of university students. Secondly, we should return to reading the classical canon and encourage and guide university students to read in depth. We should take an objective view of film and television works and online videos.ReferencesFeng, P. (2023). Study on the strategy of mass culture work to help revitalize rural culture. Farmers’ Counselor, 10, 206-208. Jia, W. H. (2021). The four overseas scriptures of the Shanhaijing. Sichuan Library Journal, 43(4), 87-91.Luo, Y. M. (2004). Reading the classics and teaching English literature. Studies in Foreign Literature, 27(2), 141-146+176. Wang, L. (2021). The interplay of literature and geographical culture from The Travels of Xu Xiake. Journal of Modern and Ancient Literature, 2(7), 66-67.Wang, L. N., & Ding, W. (2019). The recreation of the image of the gods and monsters in the Shanhaijing in animation. Southeast Communication, 16(11), 54-56.Wang, Y. P. (2021). A new exploration of the four titles of the scriptures, history, sons and collections. Chinese Classics and Culture, 30(2), 130-136.Wei, B. B. (2023). An introduction to the role of mass culture in the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization.Farmers’ Counselor, 10, 203-205.。
专八改错1-5篇 (答案+解析+词汇)
Passage 1Arabic language is one of the world’s most widely usedlanguages. It is the officer language of many Arab nations in the (1)Middle East and northern Africa. There are two types of Arabic,spoken and written. Spoken Arabic comprises of dialects in (2)_______ different areas of the Arabic-speaking world. These dialects can berough divided into Gulf, Iraqi, Levantine, Maghrebi, North (3)_______ Egyptian, Saudi, South Egyptian and Sudanese, and Tunisian.These dialect areas can be subdivided father. Written Arabic (4)_______ serves as the standard written language of all Arabic nations. It is the descendant of the language of the Quran, the scared book of the (5)_______ Islamic religion. Arabs use a spoken form of written Arabic forradio and TV news broadcasts, and in plays and motion pictures.This form also serve as a common spoken language for Arabswho speaks different dialects. Arabic belongs to the Semitic (6)_______ language groups, and is thus related to Hebrew and Ethiopic. TheArabic alphabet has 28 symbols. The alphabet is written from rightto left or from the top of the page to the bottom. The alphabetappears in the ALPHABET article.No one knows when Arabic originally developed, and people (7)________ of the Arabian Peninsula were the first use it. During the A.D. (8)________ 600s, Islam spread throughout southwestern Asia and northernAfrica, and the Arabic language was introduced in these areas.Since the mid-1900s, many Arab countries have played (9)_________increasingly important role in world affairs. In a result, Arabic has (10)________ become a major language in international business and politics.解析1.office official 词汇错误。
2023年英语高校学位学生考试真题
2023年英语高校学位学生考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12023年英语高校学位学生考试真题Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Questions 1-5Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The Importance of ReadingReading is a fundamental skill that everyone should possess. Not only does reading allow us to access information and gain knowledge, but it also exercises our brains and improves our cognitive abilities. In today's fast-paced world, where technology dominates our lives, the art of reading is often overlooked. However, it is more important now than ever to cultivate a reading habit.Question 1: What is the main point of the passage?Question 2: Why is reading considered a fundamental skill?Question 3: How does reading exercise our brains?Question 4: Why is reading important in today's world?Question 5: How can individuals cultivate a reading habit?Passage 2Questions 6-10Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The Benefits of BilingualismBeing bilingual has numerous advantages. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals have better cognitive abilities, improved problem-solving skills, and a higher level of creativity. Furthermore, being able to speak multiple languages opens up a world of opportunities, both professionally and personally.Question 6: What are some benefits of being bilingual?Question 7: Why do bilingual individuals have better cognitive abilities?Question 8: How does being bilingual improveproblem-solving skills?Question 9: In what ways does speaking multiple languages benefit individuals?Question 10: How can individuals learn a new language effectively?WritingQuestion 11Write an essay discussing the impact of technology on education. Include examples to support your argument.Question 12Write an email to your professor requesting an extension on a deadline for an assignment. Be sure to explain the reasons for your request and suggest a new deadline.Listening ComprehensionQuestion 13Listen to the audio clip and answer the questions that follow.Question 14Listen to the dialogues and answer the questions that follow.SpeakingQuestion 15In this section, you will be given a topic to discuss. You will have one minute to prepare and two minutes to speak on the topic. Be sure to express your ideas clearly and provide examples to support your points.Overall, the 2023 English high school degree student exam covers a range of skills, including reading, writing, listening, and speaking. It is designed to assess students' proficiency in the English language and their ability to communicate effectively. Good luck to all the students taking the exam!篇22023 English High School Degree Student Exam Test PaperPart I : Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part, there are four passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following information:In Italy, three of every four university students now struggle with psychological problems, while half of them have considered suicide at least once, according to a study conducted by the Italian Society of Psychiatry (SIP). The SIP interviewed almost 12,000 Italian students from 90 different academic programs.“The (results) are alarming: the majority of Italian students struggle with psychological problems,” said Enrico Smeraldi, SIP’s president. “These alarming findings suggest that students require support that is universal, participatory, and easily accessible. Education has the potential to be a protective factor against mental health problems.”1. Which of the following options does the passage suggest as a protective factor against mental health problems?A. More university students struggling with psychological problems.B. Providing more easily accessible support for students.C. Conducting more studies about mental health in Italy.D. Promoting suicide to raise awareness of mental health.2. How many students were interviewed in the study conducted by SIP?A. About 12,000B. More than 90C. Almost 12,000D. Less than 12,0003. What does SIP stand for in the passage?A. Society of Italian PsychologyB. Society of International PsychiatryC. Society of Italian PsychiatryD. Society of International Psychology4. What percentage of Italian students struggle with psychological problems according to the study?A. One out of every twoB. One out of every fourC. One out of every threeD. Three out of every four5. What is the most likely reason the study was conducted?A. To find out which Italian students were suicidalB. To provide universal, participatory, and easily accessible supportC. To increase awareness of mental health in ItalyD. To raise awareness of mental health in ItalyPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following information:American high schools are starting to combat cell phone addiction with device-free zones in schools and rewards for staying off their phones. At Byron High School in Minnesota, for example, students who go a whole day without looking at their phones are entered into a drawing for a cash prize. At Greenville High School in South Carolina, students must put their phones in pouches when they enter their English classroom. 82% of parents of teenagers agree that their children are distracted by their devices at least a few times per week.6. Which of the following is NOT a method American high schools are using to combat cell phone addiction?A. Offering cash prizes for students who go a whole day without looking at their phones.B. Creating device-free zones in schoolsC. Putting students' phones in pouches during English classD. Encouraging students to use their phones during classes7. What is the most likely reason American high schools are taking measures against cell phone addiction?A. To make money by offering prizes to students who go a whole day without using their phonesB. To raise awareness of the dangers of cell phone addictionC. To help students focus on their studies without distractionsD. To create device-free zones for teachers and staff8. What percentage of parents of teenagers agree that their children are distracted by their devices?A. 82%B. 92%C. 72%D. 62%9. Where is Byron High School located?A. South CarolinaB. North DakotaC. MinnesotaD. Wisconsin10. What happens to students' phones in English class at Greenville High School?A. They are put in pouches.B. They are confiscated.C. They are turned off.D. They are used for educational purposes.Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following information:Students in Scotland are facing food insecurity due to high living costs, according to the National Union of Students Scotland (NUSS). The NUSS is calling on universities to support their students through measures like meal vouchers, food banks, and discounted groceries.NUSS are bringing these problems to light following a nationwide survey of 2,006 students, which revealed 57% said they had skipped meals because they could not afford to eat.NUSS have said universities need to acknowledge and act on these findings as a ‘matter of urgency’.11. According to the passage, what are students in Scotland facing due to high living costs?A. Food insecurityB. Academic challengesC. Mental health problemsD. Language barriers12. What is NUSS calling on universities in Scotland to support their students with?A. Meal vouchersB. Discounted groceriesC. Food banksD. All of the above13. How many students were surveyed in the nationwide survey conducted by NUSS?A. 6,006B. 2,006C. 1,006D. 4,00614. What percentage of surveyed students said they had skipped meals because they could not afford to eat?A. 47%B. 50%C. 57%D. 60%15. According to NUSS, what do universities need to do urgently in response to the survey?A. Acknowledge and act on the findingsB. Conduct more surveysC. Deny the existence of food insecurityD. Be indifferent to their students' strugglesPassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following information:In the UK, around 58% of students experienced cyberbullying in the past year, according to a recent survey bythe charity Ditch the Label. The charity surveyed 10,006 young people between the ages of 12 and 20, finding that boys are more likely to experience cyberbullying than girls. 29% of the respondents said they had been bullied because of their physical appearance.16. According to the passage, what percentage of students in the UK experienced cyberbullying in the past year?A. 58%B. 68%C. 78%D. 48%17. Which charity conducted the survey mentioned in the passage?A. Ditch the LabelB. Stand Up to BullyingC. Cyberbully AnonymousD. End Cyberbullying18. How many young people were surveyed by Ditch the Label in the UK?A. 1,000B. 5,000C. 10,000D. 15,00019. What do boys experience more than girls according to the survey?A. CyberbullyingB. Physical violenceC. Mental health problemsD. Academic challenges20. What percentage of respondents said they were bullied because of their physical appearance?A. 19%B. 29%C. 39%D. 49%Part II: Writing (60 points)Directions: For this part, you are supposed to write a composition in English in about 300 words based on the following instructions. Remember to write it clearly. Add a few more points of your own.Topic: Healthy Lifestyle Choices for University StudentsNowadays, many university students lead busy and stressful lives, which can lead to neglecting their health. And yet, developing healthy lifestyle choices are crucial for a successful and fulfilling college experience. Therefore, in a composition, write about the importance of healthy lifestyle choices for university students. You may include the benefits of regular exercise, maintaining a balanced diet, getting enough sleep, and managing stress effectively. Additionally, provide some tips and advice on how university students can incorporate healthy habits into their daily routines.Remember to:1. Begin with a clear statement of the topic.2. State your main points clearly and develop each point with appropriate examples and details.3. Use correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling.4. Remember to conclude your essay appropriately.5. Avoid plagiarizing or copying content from other sources.Part III: Listening Comprehension (30 points)Directions: In this part, you will hear five short passages on the tape. After you hear each passage, you will read three or four questions about it. Please select the best answer to each question and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 23 are based on the following information:21. Why did the speaker visit the museum?A. To buy a ticketB. To look at a paintingC. To find some informationD. To meet a friend22. What did the speaker not mention while talking to a friend?A. The color of the paintingB. The size of the paintingC. The price of the paintingD. The artist of the painting23. What did the friend say about the painting?A. It was very cheapB. It was very famousC. It was very smallD. It was very colorfulPassage TwoQuestions 24 to 26 are based on the following information:24. What does the speaker say about the weather?A. It is very goodB. It is very badC. It is very hotD. It is very cold25. What does the speaker suggest doing?A. Staying indoorsB. Going for a walkC. Going swimmingD. Going skiing26. What time does the speaker want to go?A. In the morningB. In the afternoonC. In the eveningD. At nightPassage ThreeQuestions 27 to 29 are based on the following information:27. What is the main topic of the conversation?A. A birthday celebrationB. A new jobC. A holiday planD. A concert28. When is the event taking place?A. On FridayB. On SaturdayC. On SundayD. On Monday29. How does the woman feel about the event?A. ExcitedB. UnhappyC. AnnoyedD. TiredPart IV: Translation (20 points)Directions: In this part, there is a sentence that you should translate into English on the Answer Sheet.示例：人生海海，技术人员必不可少。
英语三大作文翻译
大作文：1网上购物Media and shoppingThese two pictures show that shopping via（经过）media has both advantages（优点）and disadvantages（缺点）. On the one hand, it saves much time, money and effort to purchase goods through media since you don’t have to go to the shops in person. Besides, you can choose what you want from an enormous variety of goods on display. On the other hand, you may be cheated sometimes by the false information and suffer a considerable loss.As far as I am concerned, shopping via media brings great benefits to our life and our economy on the whole.At the same time,we need strengthened supervision over the information released via media. In this way, we can gain more benefits from shopping via media and reduce the possible harm to a minimum.媒体和购物这两个照片显示购物通过媒体既有优点也有缺点。
另一方面,它节省了大量的时间、金钱和精力购买商品通过媒体,自从你不必去商店的人。
Study_on_the_Culture_of_Japanese_“Ama_Divers”
US-China Foreign Language, August 2023, Vol. 21, No. 8, 321-325doi:10.17265/1539-8080/2023.08.006 Study on the Culture of Japanese “Ama Divers ”YUE MengyiUniversity of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaThe Japanese “Ama Divers ” are a group of women who have been fishing for seafood in the traditional way and haveexisted along the coastline for centuries. With their backs to the sky, they search for marine resources in an extremelyprimitive way, demonstrating the bravery and simplicity of the women. The article explores the origins, currentsituation, and culture of the “Ama Divers ”. After a long period of training and honing, the “Ama Divers ” dive deepinto the seabed without fear of hardship. This ancient professional culture is not only a part of Japanese history, butalso an exploration of the balance between human civilisation and the natural environment. By exploring the “AmaDivers ” and their culture, it is possible to gain a deeper understanding of the significance of the existence of thisculture.Keywords: Japan , “Ama Divers ” culture, sea civilisationIntroduction“Ama Divers ” were initially created to dive to the bottom of the sea to collect seafood. The term “Ama Divers ” refers to women who are engaged in seafood fishing. The customs, beliefs, activities, and festivals, derived from this occupation, have created a unique culture of the women of the sea, which is still passed down in Japan to this day. The traditional fishing methods of the women, who float between the waves with a leather ring on their backs and work in the waves all year round, have gradually declined, but they have contributed to the diversity and uniqueness of Japan ’s culture. Today in Japan, the number of women in the sea is decreasing. With the development and progress of the times, there are many challenges and threats to the profession. It is of great practical significance for the inheritance and development of the culture of “Ama Divers ” to be more respected and cherished.The “Ama Divers ”There is an account of “Ama Divers ” in the Wei Zhi Japanese Biography of 268 BC. At that time, there was no definite conclusion as to whether “Ama Divers ” referred to a male or a female (Kogure, 2009. p. 119). However, in the books Ancient Chronicles and Japanese Clerks , which were written in the eighth century, there are descriptions of female divers; it is clear that the term refers to female divers (Saito, 2016, p. 165). It is clear from these descriptions that they refer to female divers. On the other hand, we know that in the Edo period, there is an account of “Ama Divers ” being a woman. We know that in the Edo period, “Ama Divers ” existed as a profession. The history of the culture of “Ama Divers ” can be traced back to the discovery of tools and abalone shells in the Jomon period (14,000 BC-300 BC). In addition, there are literary works and other works of art that YUE Mengyi, Master ’s degree student in progress, College of Foreign Languages, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.D A VID PUBLISHINGDSTUDY ON THE CULTURE OF JAPANESE “AMA DIVERS”322have been handed down with the theme of the “Ama Divers” (Linda, 2022, p. 75). Why is the name “Ama Divers”used? In the old days, when Japanese couples set up boats to go out to sea, women were more buoyant because they had more fat and could stay in the sea longer, so women were often chosen to dive in the sea, while men stayed on the boat to observe and save the day. In the beginning, the “Ama Divers” in Japanese history dived completely naked because of the efficiency of diving operations. It is said that it was easier to dive in the nude in order to prevent the increase of resistance due to the increase of moisture in the clothing, and that it was easier to dive in the nude in order to make light and flexible movements. The reason why the nautical women gradually put on clothing after that is not only the insulation effect and prevention of abrasions, but also the increase in the number of tourists.In Japan, the study of “Ama Divers” began with folklore studies in the 1930s. Since then, there have been studies on “Ama Divers” in the fields of history, economic geography, and health care (Kogure, 2009, p. 119). According to research, it was in the Edo period that “Ama Divers” were given a social status, and since then they have continued as a traditional occupation. In Japan, there are three types of women, the first of which is called “Dajiren”, and they mainly work in the deep sea. They work at depths of 7 m to 16 m, and when they have difficulty breathing and can no longer work in the deep sea, they have a lifeline tied to their bodies, which is used to allow the people on board to assist them in getting to shore. The work of those who work on the boat is just as important as that of the “Ama Divers”, and those who work on the boat have to take into account the currents and other conditions, and therefore they have to put in the same amount of labour. The second type is called “Zhongjiren”, and they work on the bottom of the sea at a depth of about 4-6 m. The third type is called “Xiaojiren”, and they work at a depth of 2-4 m. The “Ama Divers” work with buckets tied around their waists to prevent them from being washed away during the dive (Nukata & Tsubaki, 1962, p. 184).Current Status of “Ama Divers” and Measures for Their Protection Since 1931, the 6th year of the Showa period, the number of “Ama Divers” in Japan has been declining gradually. Nowadays, there are less than 2,000 “Ama Divers” in Japan. After the Second World War, the number of “Ama Divers” has been decreasing. According to a survey conducted by the Japan Sea Museum, in 2010, there were 2,174 “Ama Divers” in Japan, while in 1931, there were 12,426 “Ama Divers”. In 1956, the number of “Ama Divers” in Japan was 17,611, according to the data released by Toho University, and the number of “Ama Divers”in 2010 was about one-eighth of the number in 1956, so the number of “Ama Divers”in Japan is decreasing. In Japan, the number of “Ama Divers” is declining.In Japan, some people are making efforts to preserve and hand down the cultural heritage, but they are still facing many difficulties. How to solve these difficulties? On the one hand, the development of the “Ama Divers”occupation can be promoted through technological innovation. Modern technology can make the profession safer, more efficient, and more convenient. For example, drones or other technologies can be used to conduct ecological surveys of the marine environment to protect the marine environment and improve the stability of the marine ecosystem. At the same time, the use of advanced diving equipment can also improve fishing efficiency and reduce risks, which can also make more young women willing to join the profession. On the other hand, relevant policies can also be formulated to support the inheritance and development of the occupation of “Ama Divers”. The government can encourage young women to take up the occupation of “Ama Divers” by providing subsidies and incentives. At the same time, it can strengthen the governance and protection of the marine environment, thereby enhancing the health of the marine ecosystem. The government can also formulate some insuranceSTUDY ON THE CULTURE OF JAPANESE “AMA DIVERS”323policies to safeguard their safety and welfare. Finally, society can also promote the culture of “Ama Divers”through cultural heritage and education. For example, publicity and education on the culture of “Ama Divers”can be strengthened in school education to encourage young people to understand and respect this traditional culture; social organisations and volunteers can initiate some activities to protect the marine environment and support the occupation of “Ama Divers”, to promote the inheritance and development of the culture.Reasons for the Decrease in the Number of “Ama Divers”With the evolution of history, there are fewer people who consider “Ama Divers” as a purely professional occupation, and instead, there are more tourism “Ama Divers” and model “Ama Divers”. In Japan, the culture of “Ama Divers” is an intangible cultural heritage, and it is an important reason for the promotion of the tourism industry, which led to the birth of the tourist “Ama Divers”. In addition, there are also model “Ama Divers” who do nude photo shoots. On the other hand, the evolution of the “Ama Divers” is also an indication of the demise of the traditional “Ama Divers”. This was not due to the will of the “Ama Divers”, but rather to changes in the social environment; in the 1960s, Japan’s economy grew rapidly, and the industrial structure shifted from the primary to the secondary and tertiary sectors, and the increase in national income led to a shift in income and consumption to domestic tourism, which was the fundamental reason for the change in the social environment (Kogure, 2009, p. 133). In the Izu area, for example, the opening of the express train in 1961 made it possible for people to travel to and from Tokyo in less than three hours. As a result, the area has changed a lot, and Tokyo-based resort hotels moved into the area. By 2000, 69% of the population “Ama Divers” were engaged in the tertiary sector, including lodging, while 3.9% were engaged in agriculture and 2.6% in fishing. In the 1940s, there were about 250 “Ama Divers” in the area, but in 2000, there were only five.In addition to the underlying cause of the social environment, there are four major reasons for the decline in the number of “Ama Divers”, the first being the ageing age structure, the second being the development and advancement of the times, the third being the development of modern fishing technology, and the fourth being the changes in the ecological environment. Firstly, the ageing population structure is the main reason for the disappearance of “Ama Divers”. The problem of population aging is more serious in Japan than in other developed countries. According to statistics released by the Japanese government, the number of people over the age of 65 has exceeded 28% in 2019, and it is expected to reach 38% by 2040. This also means that fewer and fewer women are willing to take up careers as “Ama Divers”, which are more physically active. Secondly, with the development of the times, the traditional methods have failed to keep up with the needs of the people. Nowadays, unlike in the past, women have more opportunities to choose their careers, and the occupation of seafaring women has gradually become a kind of history and culture, the lack of successors has made it impossible to pass on the profession, and as a result the number of “Ama Divers” has decreased. Nowadays, a large portion of Japan’s “Ama Divers” have been transformed into performance-oriented “Ama Divers” and are no longer purely professional.The advancement of modern fishing technology is also one of the main reasons for the disappearance of the “Ama Divers”. The fishing industry has undergone a series of major changes over the past few decades, and the use of advanced fishing techniques has become the norm. Traditional fishing techniques have not been able to compete with modern technology, which is more efficient, safer, and cheaper, and this has led to the disappearance of “Ama Divers” fishing. For the new generation of young Japanese, the traditional career of a Ama Diver is not an attractive option, as it requires a lot of time and effort, and is less rewarding. Lastly,STUDY ON THE CULTURE OF JAPANESE “AMA DIVERS”324ecological changes are also a major reason for this. The career of Ama Diver is greatly affected by natural factors; the harvests they make from the sea also affect the income of the “Ama Divers”. In the past few decades, with the development of industrialisation and urbanisation, marine pollution has become more and more serious, which threatens the marine biological system and diversity, and indirectly contributes to the decline in the quality of marine products. At the same time, environmental pollution has also affected the sustainability. This has challenged the traditional occupation of “Ama Divers”. The disappearance of fishing grounds, the deterioration of the natural environment, and the low price of seafood are some of the factors that have led to a crisis in the profession of seafarers. For example, abalone has the highest value among the fisheries of the “Ama Divers”. The overfishing of marine resources in the 1970s and the rise in sea temperatures have led to a decline in the quantity of fish products, especially abalone, which has greatly affected the career development of “Ama Divers”(Zhao, 2021, p. 161).Influence of the “Ama Divers” CultureTraditions have not been extinguished, but conceptually reorganised. First of all, in Japan, there are many cultural works related to the “Ama Divers”, such as novels, films, TV, among which the more famous ones are The “Ama Divers” and The Voice of the “Ama Divers”. The culture of the “Ama Divers” is also one of Japan’s most important cultural assets. The culture of “Ama Divers” is also a cultural card of Japan, which attracts many tourists to watch the performance of “Ama Divers”. The culture of the “Ama Divers” also represents the Japanese people’s reverence for nature and respect for life, and is an important part of Japanese culture. Secondly, the “Ama Divers” are very skilled in diving, they can stay in the water for a long time without using any breathing apparatus, and find all kinds of agricultural products in the ocean with their rich experience and sharp senses. Moreover, the culture of the “Ama Divers” has also had a profound influence on the gender concept and the status of women in Japanese society. In traditional Japanese society, women are often regarded as weak and subordinate, but in the culture of the “Ama Divers”, women are a very important role, and women and men enjoy the same treatment and power, and women have gained social status and respect through their own labour, which has an important significance for the improvement of women’s social status and self-worth. It is of great significance to improve women’s social status and self-worth. Last but not least, the culture of the “Ama Divers”had a profound impact on the food culture of Japan. With their labour and skills, the women caught various kinds of seafood, the most famous of which were seaweed and shellfish. Seaweed plays an important role in the Japanese diet and is an important ingredient in many traditional Japanese dishes, such as sushi and cold seaweed. All in all, the culture of “Ama Divers” is a unique and magical traditional cultural phenomenon. With their hard work and wisdom, they have created a way of life and a cultural form that is in harmony with nature, which is an important revelation and reference value for the modern society.ConclusionThe evolution of the “Ama Divers” from a profession to a culture has taken place over time. For the Japanese people, the culture of the “Ama Divers” has become a part of their traditional culture. Not only is it a traditional occupation, but it is also a unique culture that has been developed by the women over time. In Japanese society, the culture of “Ama Divers”is now a unique calling card, representing a testimony to the harmonious development of man and nature. What flows from the “Ama Divers” is mankind’s awe and reverence for nature. Through this culture, we can also better understand and respect nature.STUDY ON THE CULTURE OF JAPANESE “AMA DIVERS”325ReferencesChen, M. N. (2016). A comparative study on the protection of intangible cultural heritage in China and Japan: The examples of “Tiandiezi” in Xi’an City and “Hainv” in Mie Prefecture (Master’s thesis, Shaanxi Normal University).Kogure, S. Z. (2009). Ama’s representation: The interrelationship between orientalism and tourist Ama Divers in “National Geographic”. Japanese Studies, 39, 119-139.Li, S. A. (2003). A marine anthropological study on the use and conservation of rocky shore resources by Japanese and Korean “Ama Divers”: The choice between “modernisation” and “tradition”. National Museum of Ethnology Survey Report, 46, 225-246.Linda, D. (2022). Coexisting with nature. “Ama Divers” & artists. Then & now. Dive into Ijikacho and Jimbocho. Exhibition report.Bulletin, Joshibi University of Art and Desig n, 52, 74-83.Nukata, T., & Tsubaki, K. S. (1963). On the business conditions, distribution and labour of Ama divers. Physical Science, 11(14), 184-187.Saito, N. (2016). Ama divers seaweed (Gelidium amansii) labour and the destination of Ama’s income in the Meiji, Taisho, and Showa eras: A case study of the Izu Peninsula. Bulletin of the Institute of Human Sciences, 18, 165-192.Zhao, Y. M. (2021). An examination of the livelihoods, resource management and beliefs of Japanese “Ama Divers”. National Arts, 4, 159-168.。
关于某高校学生手机阅读目的的调查英语作文
关于某高校学生手机阅读目的的调查英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Mobile Reading Purposes: A Survey of University StudentsAs a student in the digital age, I can't imagine life without my smartphone. It's more than just a communication device - it's a portal to a vast world of information and entertainment that fits right in my pocket. One activity that has become increasingly popular among my peers is using our phones for readingtext-based content like ebooks, articles, and social media posts. Curious about the motivations behind this trend, I decided to survey fellow students at my university about their purposes for mobile reading.The SurveyTo gather data, I created an anonymous online questionnaire and distributed it across various student groups and forums. The survey asked participants to indicate their degree program, year of study, and rate the importance of different reasons for reading on their mobile devices using a5-point scale from "Not at all important" to "Extremelyimportant." I also included an open-ended question for any additional comments.After leaving the survey open for two weeks, I compiled 326 complete responses from students across all levels of study and academic disciplines. The respondents were 58% female and 42% male, with the largest group (37%) being in their third year of studies.Key FindingsThe results unveiled some interesting insights into the mobile reading habits and motivations of university students. Here are some of the key findings:Entertainment and LeisureThe top reason students gave for mobile reading was entertainment and leisure, with 79% rating it as extremely or very important. Many commented on using their phones to read during breaks, before bed, or while commuting as a way to unwind and pass the time in an enjoyable way.Convenience and PortabilityThe second highest rated purpose was convenience and portability, with 73% deeming it extremely or very important. Students appreciated having a lightweight device with them atall times to easily access reading materials on-the-go without carrying physical books or print-outs.Staying InformedStaying informed about current events, news, and trending topics through mobile reading was extremely or very important for 63% of respondents. The ability to quickly read bite-sized articles and updates on their phones allowed students to remain up-to-date efficiently.Academic PurposesWhile not the primary driver, 47% indicated that mobile reading for academic purposes like accessing course materials, ebooks, and scholarly articles was extremely or very important. This highlights the increasing digital integration of educational resources.Social ConnectionReading social media posts, messaging conversations, and other user-generated content to maintain social connections was rated as extremely or very important by 39% of those surveyed. Mobile devices facilitate this informal reading tied to relationships and socialization.Cost SavingsSurprisingly, only 27% considered cost savings compared to purchasing print materials as an extremely or very important factor. This suggests affordability may be less of a priority than other benefits like convenience.Additional CommentsThe open-ended comments provided further colour on students' mobile reading activities. Several mentioned the environmental benefits of reducing paper use. Others enjoyed the built-in dictionary, translation, and text-to-speech functions. However, some raised concerns about eye strain, distractions from notifications, and difficulties with long-form reading on smaller screens.ImplicationsThe findings from this survey emphasize the robust presence of mobile reading among university students driven primarily by factors like entertainment, convenience, and staying informed. While not the principal motivation, over 45% still placed notable importance on academic reading via mobile devices.For educational institutions, this data highlights the need to ensure digital learning materials are optimized for mobile formats and easily accessible to students. Instructors may wantto leverage tools like interactive ebooks, multimedia content, and mobile-friendly websites/apps to better align with student reading preferences.Publishers, authors, and content creators should take note of the popularity of leisure reading and consumption of bite-sized, easily digestible information on smartphones andmobile-optimize works accordingly. Providing enhanced digital reading experiences with multimedia integration could increase engagement.Overall, this survey captures a snapshot of how ubiquitous smartphones have made mobile reading for university students, with diverse purposes spanning education, entertainment, social connection, and information gathering. As mobile technologies continue advancing, the reading landscape will likely evolve further, presenting exciting opportunities and challenges for students, educators and content providers alike. One thing is clear - our phones have become indispensable portals to the written word.篇2Mobile Reading Trends: A Student SurveyAs a university student in the digital age, my phone has become an indispensable part of my daily life. From checking emails and social media to streaming videos and reading articles, my mobile device is a constant companion. However, one particular aspect of my smartphone usage has caught my attention – the widespread phenomenon of mobile reading among my peers.In recent years, the convenience of accessing vast amounts of information through our phones has led to a surge in mobile reading habits. Intrigued by this trend, I decided to conduct a survey among fellow students at our university to explore the various purposes behind their mobile reading activities.The Survey MethodologyTo gather a diverse range of perspectives, I distributed an online questionnaire to students across different academic disciplines and year levels. The survey comprised multiple-choice and open-ended questions, allowing participants to express their opinions and experiences candidly.The questions delved into the following areas:Preferred reading formats (e-books, articles, news, social media, etc.)Motivations and purposes for mobile readingPerceived advantages and challenges of mobile readingImpact on academic performance and leisure activitiesWith over 200 responses collected, the survey provided valuable insights into the mobile reading landscape among our student population.Academic PursuitsOne of the primary motivations for mobile reading, as revealed by the survey, was academic purposes. A significant portion of respondents (43%) reported using their phones to access course materials, research papers, and online journals. The convenience of having these resources readily available on their mobile devices was cited as a major advantage, enabling them to study or review content during commutes, breaks, or whenever they had spare time.Furthermore, some students mentioned using mobile reading apps or e-book platforms to purchase and access required textbooks or supplementary reading materials. This not only saved them money compared to purchasing physical copies but also offered the flexibility to carry their entire library with them wherever they went.Staying InformedAnother prominent reason for mobile reading was staying up-to-date with current events and news. Over half of the surveyed students (57%) indicated that they regularly used their phones to read news articles, blogs, and online publications. The ability to access real-time information on the go was highly valued, allowing them to stay informed about local, national, and global happenings.Additionally, some respondents mentioned using mobile reading to follow specific topics or industries related to their academic or professional interests. This helped them broaden their knowledge and stay abreast of the latest developments in their fields of study or potential career paths.Leisure and EntertainmentWhile academic and informational purposes were prominent, the survey also revealed a significant portion of students (37%) engaging in mobile reading for leisure and entertainment. Reading e-books, web novels, and other digital literature on their phones was a popular pastime, particularly during commutes or waiting periods.Some respondents expressed their appreciation for the vast selection of digital reading materials available, ranging from classic literature to contemporary fiction, making it easier to discover and access new titles. The ability to adjust font sizes, brightness levels, and reading modes also contributed to an enjoyable reading experience tailored to individual preferences.Social Media and Online ContentInterestingly, the survey highlighted the blurred lines between traditional reading and consuming online content. A substantial number of students (48%) reported engaging in mobile reading through social media platforms, forums, and online communities. This included reading articles, discussions, and user-generated content shared by friends, influencers, or interest groups.While some participants viewed this as a form of leisure or entertainment, others saw it as a way to stay informed about current trends, engage in discussions, and connect withlike-minded individuals. The interactive nature of social media reading allowed for real-time exchanges of ideas and perspectives, fostering a sense of community among students with shared interests.Challenges and ConcernsDespite the numerous benefits of mobile reading, the survey also shed light on some challenges and concerns expressed by students. Eye strain, distractions from notifications or other apps, and the potential for prolonged screen time were common issues raised by respondents.Additionally, some participants expressed concerns about the credibility and reliability of certain online sources, highlighting the need for critical evaluation skills when consuming digital content. The potential for developing unhealthy reading habits, such as constantly switching between multiple sources or engaging in excessive mobile reading, was also mentioned as a potential drawback.ConclusionThe survey on mobile reading purposes among university students has provided valuable insights into the diverse motivations and behaviors surrounding this modern-day phenomenon. From academic pursuits and staying informed to leisure activities and social connections, mobile reading has become an integral part of the student experience.As technology continues to evolve and shape our lives, it is essential to strike a balance between embracing the conveniences of mobile reading and being mindful of potentialdrawbacks. By fostering critical thinking skills and developing healthy reading habits, we can harness the power of mobile technology to enhance our learning, stay informed, and engage in meaningful literary experiences.This survey has opened my eyes to the multifaceted nature of mobile reading within our student community. It has inspired me to explore ways to optimize this experience, whether through recommendations for productivity apps, e-book platforms, or digital literacy initiatives. Ultimately, the goal is to empower students to leverage the benefits of mobile reading while mitigating potential challenges, ensuring a enriching and rewarding journey through the vast realms of knowledge and literature at our fingertips.篇3Mobile Reading Habits: A Campus SurveyAs students, we're practically inseparable from our phones these days. They're our vital connection to the world, serving as our alarm clocks, cameras, music players, and most importantly, gateways to a vast realm of information and entertainment. It's no surprise then that reading on our mobile devices has become a widespread habit among the student population. But whatexactly are we reading on our phones, and why? To gain insight into this phenomenon, I conducted a survey across our university campus, and the findings were quite intriguing.The Survey BreakdownI distributed the survey to 200 randomly selected students from various academic disciplines, ensuring a diverse sample. The questionnaire covered key aspects such as the amount of time spent reading on mobile devices, preferred content types, and the underlying motivations behind this reading behavior.The results revealed that an overwhelming 93% of respondents engage in some form of mobile reading regularly, with 68% doing so on a daily basis. This statistic alone highlights the prevalence of this activity among the student body.Content PreferencesWhen it came to the types of content consumed, the responses were varied, reflecting the diverse interests and needs of our campus community. Social media updates and news articles emerged as the most popular choices, with 79% and 72% of participants indicating regular consumption of these categories, respectively.This finding aligns with the general trend of staying informed and connected through mobile devices. In today's fast-paced world, students seek timely updates on current events, as well as insights into the lives of their peers and social circles.Interestingly, a significant portion of respondents (61%) also reported regularly reading educational materials, such ase-books, research papers, and online tutorials, on their mobile devices. This behavior suggests a growing acceptance and utilization of mobile technology as a learning tool, enabling students to access and consume educational content on-the-go.Motivations for Mobile ReadingBeyond the content preferences, the survey delved deeper into the underlying motivations that drive students to read on their mobile devices. The responses revealed a multifaceted array of reasons, with convenience being the most cited factor (85% of respondents).The ability to access information and reading materials anytime, anywhere, without the need for bulky physical books or devices, clearly resonates with the modern student lifestyle. Whether it's during commutes, breaks between classes, or leisuremoments, mobile reading offers unparalleled flexibility and accessibility.Another prominent motivation was the desire for entertainment and leisure (cited by 73% of respondents). From catching up on the latest social media trends to indulging in digital literature or engaging with multimedia content, mobile devices provide a versatile platform for recreation and relaxation amidst the demands of academic life.Interestingly, a notable portion of respondents (47%) cited the cost-effectiveness of mobile reading as a driving factor. With the abundance of free or low-cost digital content available, students can access a wealth of information and reading materials without incurring significant financial burdens.Implications and ObservationsThe survey results shed light on the multifaceted nature of mobile reading among our student community. It is evident that this behavior is deeply ingrained in our daily routines, serving diverse purposes ranging from staying informed and connected to pursuing educational goals and seeking entertainment.However, it is crucial to acknowledge the potential drawbacks and challenges associated with excessive mobiledevice usage. Issues such as digital eye strain, distractibility, and the potential for information overload are valid concerns that warrant consideration.Moving forward, it is essential for educational institutions and stakeholders to embrace and adapt to this evolving landscape of mobile reading. Integrating mobile-friendly learning resources, leveraging digital platforms for content delivery, and promoting responsible and mindful device usage could enhance the overall learning experience for students.Moreover, fostering critical thinking and media literacy skills is paramount to navigating the vast expanse of information available on mobile devices. Students must develop the ability to evaluate sources, discern credible content, and maintain a balanced perspective amidst the constant influx of digital information.ConclusionThe survey results have provided valuable insights into the mobile reading habits and motivations of our student community. It is clear that this phenomenon is deeply rooted in our modern lifestyles, offering convenience, entertainment, and educational opportunities at our fingertips.As we navigate this digital age, it is crucial for academic institutions and individuals alike to strike a balance between embracing the advantages of mobile technology and mitigating its potential drawbacks. By fostering responsible and mindful mobile device usage, coupled with robust critical thinking skills, we can harness the power of mobile reading to enhance our overall learning experiences and personal growth.。
我的职业选择英语作文(8篇)
我的职业选择英语作文（8篇）在工作和生活中，少不了要写各种各样的文档，不论是写制度、写总结、写方案、写方案、写教案还是写其它的材料，能写出一篇好的文档,体现了一个人的文笔，也体现着一个人的力量，下面是我整理的《我的职业选择英语作文（8篇）》，快快拿去用吧!我的职业选择英语作文篇1A recent survey shows that some people prefer the higher-paying job even though it requests a longer hours than those low-paying job, especially among the young. They cons*er that they should spare no effort to earn money and improve their life standard when they are still young.However, others hold diverse view that they would rather choose lower-paying jobs and earn less money than do longer hours jobs. What they cons*er is that they should acpany their family and friends as much as possible even though they are busy. Moreover, they think they need to enjoy their lives while they are making their living, in that life is limited and money is not everything.If I had a chance to choose my job, I would be inc*d to choose the latter one. In my opinion, many things are more important than money even though money can solve many problems, such as our family,affection and friendship. In addition, we also need to take our personal preference and conditions into cons*eration when choosing jobs. Only in this way can we real enjoy our jobs.最近一项调查显示，有人宠爱高薪水的工作，即使它工作的时间比那些低收入的'工作时间更长，特殊是在年轻人之间。
北京首都师大附中2024-2025学年上学期八年级期中考试英语试题
首都师大附中2024－2025 学年第 1 学期期中练习初二英语听力理解（共27 分）一、听对话或独白，根据对话或独白的内容，从下面各题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选择最佳选项。
每段对话或独白听两遍。
（共9 分，每小题1.5 分）请听一段对话，完成第 1 至第 2 小题。
1.What does Helen want to be?A. A player.B. A musician.C. A writer.2.What does Helen think of being a reporter?A. Happy.B. Exciting.C. Boring.请听一段对话，完成第3 至第4 小题。
3.What is the girl’s favorite sport?A. Volleyball.B. Football.C. Tennis.4.Which class will the girl have the match with this afternoon?A. Class 8.B. Class 7.C. Class 6.请听一段对话，完成第 5 至第 6 小题。
5.How long do Chinese people spend online every week?A. 8 hours.B. 20 hours.C. 28 hours.6.Why does the speaker give the talk?A.To talk about his ideas on the future use of the Internet.B.To show the result of a survey on the use of the Internet.C.To talk about the bad and good points of using the Internet in daily life.二、听短文回答。
高一英语国家安全观念单选题50题
高一英语国家安全观念单选题50题1. The concept of national security is crucial for a country to ____ its sovereignty and stability.A. maintainB. remainC. containD. obtain答案：A。
“maintain”有“维持，保持”的意思；“remain”侧重于“保持某种状态”；“contain”是“包含，容纳”；“obtain”是“获得”。
在这个句子中，“maintain sovereignty and stability”表示“维护主权和稳定”，A 选项符合句意。
2. In the face of various international challenges, we must ____ a strong sense of national security.A. developB. improveC. advanceD. promote答案：A。
“develop”有“发展，形成”的意思；“improve”指“改善，提高”；“advance”侧重于“前进，推进”；“promote”是“促进，推动”。
这里说的是“形成一种强烈的国家安全意识”，A 选项更恰当。
3. Which of the following is not an aspect of national security?A. Economic securityB. Cultural securityC. Personal privacy securityD. Military security答案：C。
国家安全包括经济安全、文化安全和军事安全等，个人隐私安全不属于国家安全的范畴，C 选项不符合。
4. The government has taken a series of measures to ____ national security.A. ensureB. assureC. insureD. secure答案：A。
高二英语全球安全意识广阔视野单选题40题
高二英语全球安全意识广阔视野单选题40题1. The ______ of global warming on food security is a major concern.A. impactB. effectC. influenceD. result答案：A。
本题考查名词辨析。
“impact”强调强烈的冲击和影响；“effect”侧重于结果、效果；“influence”多指潜移默化的影响；“result”是结果。
全球变暖对粮食安全的强烈影响，用“impact”更恰当。
2. We need to take ______ measures to protect the environment from further damage.A. effectiveB. efficientC. affectiveD. effectual答案：A。
“effective”表示能产生预期效果的；“efficient”侧重效率高；“affective”指情感方面的；“effectual”有效的，但不如“effective”常用。
保护环境采取能产生效果的措施，用“effective”。
3. The international community is making ______ efforts to address the issue of global terrorism.A. considerableB. considerateC. regardedD. regarding答案：A。
“considerable”大量的、相当多的；“considerate”体贴的；“regarded”被认为；“regarding”关于。
国际社会为解决全球恐怖主义问题付出大量努力，用“considerable”。
4. The ______ of natural disasters has increased in recent years due to climate change.A. frequencyB. frequentC. frequentlyD. infrequency答案：A。
2023年考研英语二真题及答案解析
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business, and though you’re making a nice __1__, you need to find a way to take it to the next level. What you need to do is __2__ growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus __3___ on finding ways to grow.Let’s look at a real-world __4___. Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the __5___ departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The __6__ was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And __7__ making improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade. Things changed, __8__, when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, __9__ a growth team and sparked the kind of __10__ perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the __11__ of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered. Armed with this __12__, the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently ___13____ the premium version to users of the free version. ____14_____, upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong leader. It needs someone who can ___15__ the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will __16__ the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the___17___ of these goals. The growth leader is also __18__ for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions. __19__ attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t __20___ the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.[A] purchase[B]profit[C]connection[D]bet2.[A] define[B]predict[C]prioritize[D]appreciate3.[A] exclusively[B]temporarily[C]potentially[D]initially4.[A] experiment[B]proposal[C]debate[D]example5.[A] identical[B]marginal[C]provisional[D]traditional6.[A] rumor[B]secret[C]myth[D]problem7. [A] despite[B] unlike [C] through [D] besides8. [A] moreover [B] however[C] therefore [D] again9. [A] inspected [B] created[C] expanded [D] reformed10. [A] cultural [B] objective [C] fresh [D] personal11. [A] end [B] burden [C] lack[D] decrease12. [A] policy [B] suggestion [C] purpose [D] insight13. [A] contributing [B] allocating [C] promoting[D] transforming14. [A] as a result[B] at any rate [C] by the way [D] in a sense15. [A] unite[B] finance [C] follow [D] choose16. [A] share [B] identify[C] divide [D] broaden17.[A] announcement [B] assessment [C] adjustment [D]accomplishment18. [A] famous [B] responsible[C] available [D] respective19. [A] before [B] once [C] while[D] unless20. [A] serve[B] limit [C] summarize [D] alterSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by Choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut — and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne, of the RHS, said: “We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife, mitigating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account called Shit Lawns, which claims to “cut through the greenwash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,260 and 11,272 signatures.However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”.It added: “We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters. However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass __________.[A] is harmful to the environment[B] is a hot topic in gardening circles[C] is overpraised in the annual show[D] is ruining the view of west London22. The petitions mentioned in para.3 reveal the campaigner's ________.[A] disappointment with the RHS[B] resistance to fake grass use[C] anger over the proposed tax[D] concern above real grass supply23. In para 4, supporters of fake grass point out that_________.[A] the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass[B] the disadvantages of growing real grass[C] the way to take care of artificial lawns[D] the challenges of insect habitat protection24. What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?[A] urge legislation to restrict its use[B] take measures to guarantee its quality[C] remind its users to obey existing rules[D] replace it with sustainable alternatives25. It can be learned from the text that fake grass ________ .[A] is being improved continuously[B] has been a market share decline[C] is becoming affordable[D] has been a controversial productText 2It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the Trump administration’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park? But the administration is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the Interior Department’s Outdoor Advisory Committee would have us believe. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and concessionaires in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S. residents view their national parks, and we found that Americans place a very high value on them — whether or not they actually visit them. The peer-reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact. Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep America’s past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites — including Ellis Island and Gettysburg — and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system — an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.26. What problem are U.S. national parks faced with?[A] decline of business profits[B] inadequate commercialization[C] lack of transportation services[D] poorly maintained infrastructure27. Increased privatization of the campground may_______?[A] spoil visitor experience[B] help preserve nature[C] bring operational pressure[D] boost visits to parks28. According to para.5, most respondents in the survey would ______?[A] go to the national parks on a regular basis[B] advocate a bigger budget for the national parks[C] pay extra for the national parks[D] support the national parks' recent reforms29. The national parks are valuable in that they________[A] lead the way in tourism[B] have historical significance[C] sponsor research on climate[D] provide an income for locals30. It can be concluded from the text that the national park system _______[A] is able to cope with shortages[B] is able to meet visitors' demand[C] is in need of a new pricing policy[D] is in need of a funding increaseText 3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 201, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 facts in a computer ("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain, for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember their information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember their information. But they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but "adapting to new communications technology," Sparrow says.In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as "cognitive offloading." "Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking -something that isnot available on the Internet." I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things," Sparrow says, adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.Still, other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-save older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs, observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm:'It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don't know.31.Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will ________[A] analyze information in detail[B] collect information efficiently[C] switch its focus of memory[D] extend its memory duration32.The process of "cognitive offloading"________[A] helps us identify false information[B] keeps our memory from failing[C] enables us to classify trivial facts[D] lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?[A] It may reform our way of learning[B] It may impact our society negatively[C] It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D] It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34. It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?[A] requires further academic research[B] is most studies in older adults[C] is reflected in our reading speed[D] depends on our web-surfing habits35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that ________[A] our reliance on the Internet will be costly[B] the Internet is weakening our memory[C] memory exercise is a must for our brain[D] our ability to focus decline with ageText 4Teenagers are paradoxical. That's a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers, often to the point of self-destruction. Accidental deaths go up dramatically in adolescence.A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policymakers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied “prosocial” and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late. Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call “reward sensitivity.”Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs. “Reward sensitivity” measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.36.According to Paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to ______[A] develop opposite personality traits[B] see the world in an unreasonable way[C] have fond memories of the past[D] show attention for their parents37.It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that Crone's study[A] explores teenagers' social resposibilities[B] examines teenagers' emotional problems[C] provides a new insight into adolescence[D] highlight negative adolescent behaviour38.What does Crone's study find about prosocial behavior?[A] It results from the wish to cooperate[B] It is cultivated through education[C] It is subject to family influence[D] It tends to peak in adolescence39.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers ______[A] overstress their influence on others[B] care a lot about social recognition[C] become anxious about their future[D] endeavor to live a joyful life40. What is the text mainly about?[A] why teenagers are self-contradictory[B] why teenagers are risk-sensitive[C] How teenagers develop prosociality[D] How teenagers become independentPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaringNew building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of government plans to reduce the UK’s carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs is already driving up bills.Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, a trade group for small and medium-sized builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, productsand systems to be installed. “All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to pay more,” he says.Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their home, will be directly affected.“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,” he says. “There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman, of MyJobQuote, a site which sources quotes, says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows, doors and rooflights must cover no more than 25% of the floor area to prevent heat loss, ” he says.As the rules came into effect last Wednesday, property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline. Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator, which prices projects.As the changes are aimed to make homes more energy efficient, they will eventually drive down heating bills. But in the short-term homeowners are likely to face higher costs for work. Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years, according to figures from the Construction Products Association. How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “While admirable in their intentions, they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership,” says Rolande. “An average extension will probably see around £3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs.”John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come down. But not in the immediate future. “As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements, and the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition,” he says. However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes, adds Andrew Mellor. “Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over time.”[A] The rise of home prices is a temporarymatter.41.Brian Berry [B] Builders possibly need to submit newestimates of their projects.42.Gareth Belsham [C] There will be specific limits on homeextensions to prevent heat loss43.Marcus Jefford [D] The new rules will take home price to aneven higher lever.44.John Kelly [E] Many people feel that home prices arealready beyond what they can afford45.Andrew Mellor [F] The new rules will affect people whosehome extensions include new windows ordoors.[G] The rule changes will benefit homeownerseventually.【参考答案】41.D42.F43.B44.A45.GSection III Translation46. Directions:Translate following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature. And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make them see things differently. Through carefully selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, funny, beautiful, moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. Poems really cometo life when they are recited. This can also help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.【参考译文】18世纪晚期，威廉·华兹华斯因其关于自然的诗歌而闻名。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Method
An anonymous questionnaire was mailed to all 896 NHS ophthalmology consultants currently practicing in the UK. Data on surgical experience, number of secondary IOLs performed, preferred choice of secondary IOL with no capsular support +/- associated open angle glaucoma (POAG) and closed angle glaucoma (CAG) / peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS), and personal experience of using the lenses were collected.
Results - choice of lens
Results - choice of lens
Results - experience with other lens types
19% familiarized themselves with Artisan iris clip lens, mainly by wet lab. 12% have used the Artisan lens in 18 months. 21% say it has changed their practice 23% have used an iris suture lens 92% personally undertake open loop ACIOL insertion. For scleral sutured PCIOL, Artisan iris clip lens and iris sutured PCIOL the results were 43%, 27% and 22% respectively 20 to 25% would prefer to refer to the appropriate subspecialty for insertion of a secondary IOL other than open loop ACIOL
Conclusion
NHS Ophthalmology consultants currently working in the UK are using secondary IOLs for management of aphakia as recommended. 3,4,5,6 Overall the open loop ACIOL was the most popular secondary IOL. However this changed with associated POAG and CAG/PAS suggesting there are limitations of the open loop ACIOL and advantages using an Artisan iris clip lens, iris sutured PCIOL and particularly the scleral sutured PCIOL. This result was supported by other studies.3-6, 8,10-13
Conclusion
Previous studies so far conclude that the outcomes of all the different secondary IOLs are comparable to each other but further research is required, and the choice of leபைடு நூலகம்s is based mainly on personal experience of using a lens.3,
Introduction
Secondary lens implant is now the standard for managing aphakia.3 However there is a wide variation in the choice of lenses for secondary lens implant.
References
1.DoH. Hospital Activity and Episode Statistics. /public/stats/htm
2.Jaycock P, Johnston RL, Taylor H, Adams M, Tole DM, Galloway P. The Cataract National Dataset electronic multicentre audit of 55567 operations: updating benchmark standards of care in the United Kingdom and internationally. Eye. 2007 Nov 23 3.Wagoner MD, Cox TA, Ariyasu RG, Jacobs DS, Karp CL American Academy of Ophthalmology. Intraocular lens implantation in the absence of capsular support: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2003 Apr; 110(40:840-59 4.Zheng G, Chen Y, Wang L, Chen G, Zhang X. The choice of methods of intraocular lens implantation in traumatic cataract in the absence of capsular and zonular support. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 1998 Sep; 34(5): 327-9 5.Dick HB, Augustin AJ. Lens implant selection with absence of capsular support. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2001 Feb; 12(1): 47-57 6.Hannush SB. Sutured posterior chamber intraocular lenses: indications and procedure. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2000 Aug; 11(4): 233-40 7.Rosa N, Lanza M, Borrelli M. Artisan phakic intraocular lens. Ophthalmology. 2007 Jun;114(6):1133-42 8.Guell JL, Manero F. Artiflex(foldable iris claw IOL) secondary implantation for correction of aphaia after penetrating ocular injury. J Refract Surg. 2004 May-Jun;20(3):282-3 9.Kwong YY, Yuen HK, Lam RF, Lee VY, Rao SK, Lam DS. Comparison of outcomes of primary scleral-fixated versus primary anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in complicated cataract surgeries. Ophthalmology. 2007 Jan;114(1):80-5 10.Bellamy JP, Queguiner F, Salame N, Montard M. Secondary intraocular lens implantation: methods and complications. J Fr Ophthalmol. 2000 Jan:23(1):73-80 11.Por YM, Lavin MJ. Techniques of intraocular lens suspension in the absence of capsular/zonular support. Surv Ophthamol. 2005 Sep-Oct;50(5):429-62 12.Krause L, Bechrakis NE, Heimann H, Salditt S, Foerster MH. Implantation of scleral fixated sutured posterior chamber lenses: a retrospective analysis of 119 cases. Int Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr 10. 13.Everklioglu C, Er H, Bekir NA, Borazan M, Zorlu F. Comparison of secondary implantation of flexible open loop anterior chamber and scleral fixated posterior chamber intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003 Feb; 29(2): 301-8 14.McCannel MA. A retrievable suture idea for anterior uveal problems. Ophthalmic surg. 1976 summer; 7(2): 98-103