2019年西南大学英语语言学初试真题回忆

西南大学19春[0126语言学概论)在线作业

单项选择题1、下列关于语言和说话，表述正确的是（）A. 语言就是我们每天说的话B. 语言就是我们说的每一个句子C. 语言是用有限的材料和有限的规则组成的系统D. 语言等同于说话单项选择题2、语言符号的第一性的形式是（)A. 人类发出的声音B. 自然界的各种声音C. 文字符号D. 触觉符号单项选择题3、英语的“good”（好，原级）→“better”（好，比较级）运用的语法手段是（）A. 附加B. 内部屈折C. 异根D. 零形式单项选择题4、一般说来，新词、古词、方言词、行业词和外来词等 ( )A. 属于一般词汇B. 属于基本词汇C. 有的属于基本词汇，有的属于一般词汇D. 有时属于基本词汇，有时属于一般词汇单项选择题5、语言符号在使用中只能一个跟着一个依次出现，这是语言符号的（)A. 任意性B. 系统性C. 线条性D. 社会性单项选择题6、语法意义的类称为（）A. 词法手段B. 句法手段C. 语法手段D. 语法范畴单项选择题7、下面属于边音的是（）A. [ l ]B. [ r ]C. [ j ]D. [ w ]单项选择题8、现代汉语属于A. 历时语言学B. 应用语言学C. 普通语言学D. 共时语言学单项选择题9、区分词类的最重要的依据是（）A. 意义B. 词形变化C. 句法功能D. 语言的类型特点单项选择题10、词是语言中（）A. 最小的单位B. 音义结合的最小单位C. 能够独立运用的最小单位D. 用于交际的基本表述单位单项选择题11、从造字方法看，兼用表意表音两种方法的文字叫（）A. 表意字B. 假借字C. 指事字D. 意音文字单项选择题12、关于语言系统，表述正确的是( )A. 语言系统分为音系和语法两个层面B. 音节是语音子系统的最小单位C. 语音层的最小单位可以多于符号层的最小单位D. 符号层的单位可以只有意义没有语音单项选择题13、临界期现象说明，人类后天的语言学习具有（）A. 数量限定B. 时限限定C. 速度限定D. 地域限定单项选择题14、下列属于征候的是（）A. 交通红绿灯B. 性别标志C. 烽火表示敌情D. 乌云密布预示着下雨单项选择题15、具有[+同胞][+男性][+年幼]义素的词是（）A. 叔父B. 哥哥C. 姐姐D. 弟弟单项选择题16、中古英语的wifeman(妇女）由wife（女人）和man（人）构成，是个复合词。

2019年西南大学考博英语真题(回忆版)

2019年西南大学考博英语真题回忆Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers – using nonscientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the object that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been nonverbal thinking, by the large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.The creative shaping process of a technologist’s mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should be valves be replaced? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail hard thinking, nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historical American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isomeric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.26. In the text, the author is primarily concerned with ()A) identifying the kinds of thinking that are used by technologistB) stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering design.C) proposing a new role for nonscientific thinking in engineering design.D) contrasting the goals of engineers with those of technologists.27.It can be inferred that the author thinks engineering curricula are ()A) strengthened when they include courses in design.B) weakened by the substitution of physical science courses for courses designed to developmathematical skills.C)strong because nonverbal thinking is still emphasize by most of the courses.D)strong despite the errors that graduates of such curricula have made in the development of automatic control system.28.which of the following statements best illustrates the main point of the first two paragraphs of the text?()A) When a machine like a rotary engine malfunctions, it is the technologist who is best equipped to repair it.B) Each component of an automobile – for example, the engine or the fuel tank – has a shape that has been scientifically de termined to be best suited to that component’s function.C) A telephone is a complex instrument designed by technologists using only nonverbal thought.D) The distinctive features of a suspension bridge reflect its designer’s conceptualization as well as the physical requirements of its site.29.Which of the following statements would best serve as an introduction to the text?()A) The assumption that the knowledge incorporated in technological developments must be derived from science ignore the many nonscientific decisions made by technologists.B) Analytical thought is no longer a vital component in the success of technological development.C) As knowledge of technology has increased, the tendency has been to lose sight of the important role played by scientific thought in making decisions about form, arrangement, and texture.D)A movement in engineering colleges toward a technician’s degree reflects a demand for graduates who have the nonverbal reasoning ability that was once common among engineers.30.The author calls the predicament faced by the Historic American Engineering Record paradoxical (line 6, paragraph 3) most probably because ()A) the publication needed drawings that its own staff could makeB) architectural schools offered but did not require engineering design courses for their studentC) college students were qualified to make the drawings while practicing engineers were not.D) engineering students were not trained to make the type of drawings needed to record thedevelopment of their own disciplineThe remarkable progress of science and technology in the 20st century has brought enormous benefits to humankind. Long and healthy lives, economic prosperity and a pleasant and convenient living environment have resulted from technological progress based on advances in scientific knowledge. This progress will continue or may even accelerate in the future, because both the number of scientists and their activities are expanding throughout the world. We may expect, therefore, that science and technology will continue to contribute to the development of human society.At the same time, rapid scientific advances may raise some difficult problems. First of all, the disparity in scientific knowledge between those in scientific and technical professions and those in other areas will continuously expand. This may create a communications gap between the two groups that could affect obtaining public consent on important issues, such as the use of genetically engineered plants or human embryonic stem cells. Secondly, the 21st century will be characterized by a knowledge-based society and a knowledge of science will be required for many professions. Those who lack scientific knowledge will have fewer opportunities for good jobs. Thirdly, the enormous increase in scientific information will become a burden for children who must study science. Already young people seem to be losing interest in science, and this trend may increase in the future. Over the past several years, enrollment in high-school physics courses in Japan has been decreasing, which suggests that many young people are losing interest in physics or avoiding subjects that require diligent study. Finally, scientific research in the next century will require increasing levels of public investment because sophisticated research is usually expensive. If the public loses interest in, science or does not understand the importance of research, it will become difficult for scientists to obtain sufficient financial support.Because of these considerations, I think that we need to carefully review present science education at different levels and to improve it in order to meet the expected rapid progress of science in the 21st century. At the level of primary education, the’ most important task is to stimul ate children’s interest in nature. Naive surprise at the wonders of nature will hopefully lead to a later interest in science. During their secondary education, students must learn logic and the principles of natural phenomena. They will gradually separate into groups of those who like and those who dislike science. It will be difficult to provide the latter students with the scientific basics that would be useful throughout their lives. This is also the case in university education.It is becoming a goal of general university education to give students who are not majoring in natural science and engineering some level of scientific literacy. In the future, all citizens, especially those expected to lead diverse areas of society should have a sound basis for understanding the progress of science. Because the pace of progress will accelerate further, continuing science education for the public is also of great importance.1.The first paragraph aims at _____A.Overstating the importance of science and technology.B.Highlighting the crucial role scientists play in the development of science and technology.C.Introducing the problems brought about by rapid scientific advances whiles stating theenormous benefits brought about by the progress of science and technology.D.Predicting the trend of the development of science and technology.2.According to the text, that young people seem to be losing interest in science_____.A.Causes the lack of scientists throughout the world in future.B.Is mainly due to the explosion of scientific information.C.Hinders the development of human society.D.Increases the communications gap between young people and scientists.3.The second paragraph is to denote_____A.The gap between scientific and technical professional and non-professionals.B.The difficulties faced by young people in finding jobs.C.The difficulties problems raised by rapid scientific advances.D.Scientific research in the 21th century.4.To which of the following statements is the author most unlikely to agree?A.It is a sheer waste of time and money to force those who dislike science to learn science.B.Stimulating children’s interest in nature is the top priority for primary and secondaryschool authorities.C.Secondary school students should learn logic and the principles of natural phenomena.D. A knowledge of science will be required for many professional in the 21st century5.The best title for this text might be_____A.Science education for the publicB.Science and technology in the 21st centuryC.Scientific advance and ensuing problemsD.The goal of primary, second and higher education还有一篇阅读是讲迈克杰克逊的歌曲，专辑。

西南大学英语试题及答案

西南大学英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following words is spelled incorrectly?A. AccommodateB. AcknowledgeC. AcquaintanceD. Acquited2. The sentence "He is a man of few words but many actions." means that he is:A. TalkativeB. ReservedC. ImpulsiveD. Inactive3. In the context of a business meeting, "to table a motion" means:A. To put the motion on the tableB. To postpone the motionC. To introduce a motion for discussionD. To end the discussion of the motion4. The phrase "break the ice" is commonly used to describe:A. Starting a conversationB. Ending a relationshipC. Cooling down a heated argumentD. Freezing a liquid5. Which of the following is the correct usage of the word "literally"?A. He was literally blown away by the news.B. The book is literally full of errors.C. The movie was literally a roller coaster ride.D. She literally jumped for joy.6. The word "meticulous" is best described as:A. CarelessB. DetailedC. ConfusedD. Impatient7. In the sentence "She is the apple of his eye," the phrase "apple of his eye" means:A. Something he dislikesB. Something he cherishesC. Something he eatsD. Something he sees clearly8. The phrase "bite the bullet" is used to describe:A. Facing a difficult situation bravelyB. Eating a bulletC. Avoiding a difficult situationD. Chewing gum9. The word "quixotic" is often used to describe a person who is:A. PragmaticB. DelusionalC. RealisticD. Skeptical10. The idiom "to turn a blind eye" means:A. To ignore something intentionallyB. To see something without glassesC. To close one eye in a winkD. To look at something without seeing it二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The opposite of "transparent" is _________.2. "To go the extra mile" means to do _________.3. The word "paradox" is used to describe a situation that is _________.4. "To hit the nail on the head" means to _________.5. The phrase "a picture is worth a thousand words" implies that _________.6. "To be in the dark" means to be _________.7. "To take something with a grain of salt" means to_________.8. The idiom "to let the cat out of the bag" means to_________.9. "To be on the same page" means that everyone _________.10. "To be in a pickle" means to be in a _________.三、阅读理解（每题4分，共40分）Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:[Insert a short passage here. The passage should be relevant to the context of an English language exam and should containenough information to ask several comprehension questions.]1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. According to the passage, why is it important to _________?3. What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem discussed?4. How does the author support their argument?5. What is an example given in the passage to illustrate the point made?四、写作题（共20分）Write an essay on the following topic:"The Impact of Technology on Modern Communication"Your essay should be at least 300 words and should include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Be sure to use appropriate examples to support your points.答案：一、选择题1. D2. B3. C4. A5. A6. B7. B8. A9. B10. A二、填空题1. opaque2. more than what is expected3. contradictory4. be exactly right5. a visual representation can convey more information than words6. uninformed or unaware7. be skeptical or not completely believe something8. reveal a secret9. agrees or understands something10. difficult situation三、阅读理解1. [Answer based on the passage's main idea]2. [Answer based on the passage's content]3. [Answer based on the passage's content]4. [Answer based on the passage's content]5. [Answer based on the passage's content]四、写作题[Essays will vary; no specific answer provided.]。

语言学考研真题及答案

语言学考研真题及答案一、语音学部分以下是2019年语言学考研真题及答案的整理：题目一：下列哪个选项中的音素是塞音？A. [h]B. [p]C. [r]D. [m]答案：B. [p]题目二：下列哪个选项中的音素是元音？A. [s]B. [l]C. [i]D. [t]答案：C. [i]题目三：下列哪个选项中的音素是鼻音？A. [k]B. [n]C. [g]D. [w]答案：B. [n]二、语法学部分以下是2020年语言学考研真题及答案的整理：题目一：下列短语中，哪个可以作为主语？A. "在公园里跑步"B. "喜欢读书的人"C. "听音乐"D. "为他做饭"答案：B. "喜欢读书的人"题目二：下列短语中，哪个可以作为宾语？A. "开心地唱歌"B. "漂亮的花园"C. "给他礼物"D. "在海边散步"答案：C. "给他礼物"题目三：下列短语中，哪个可以作为定语？A. "跳舞的小孩"B. "在教室里学习"C. "大声地喊"D. "看电影"答案：A. "跳舞的小孩"三、语义学部分以下是2018年语言学考研真题及答案的整理：题目一：下列哪个词汇与“快乐”具有相似的意义？A. "悲伤"B. "生气"C. "开心"D. "愤怒"答案：C. "开心"题目二：下列哪个词汇与“大”具有相反的意义？A. "小"B. "长"C. "高"D. "短"答案：A. "小"题目三：下列哪个词汇与“美丽”具有近义词的关系？A. "丑陋"B. "普通"C. "漂亮"D. "丰富"答案：C. "漂亮"综上所述，以上是语言学考研真题及答案的简要整理。

2019考研西南大学英语语言学回忆最全版

2019考研西南大学英语语言学回忆最全版第一题名词解释bound morphemenegative transferdeixisarbitarinessconversionimage schemaovergeneralizationillocutionary actUniversal Grammardialects第二题术语对比signified VS signifiertheme VS rhemesentence-meaning VS utterance-meaning competence VS performance cohesion VS coherence第三题构词法GNPdiagnoseTEFLbusfrenemywindow-shopanarchyinputpubdilemma第四题歧义句1.We notice her back2.Ask me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man3.Ship sails tomorrow4.She can\\\\\\\'t bear children5.The seniors were asked to stop demonstrating on campus第五题给三个句子，是词汇学上的，分别解释safe在不同语境含义。

并分析dictionary meaning 和encyclopedia meaning区别The child is safeThe beach is safeThe shovel is safe第六题About one fifth of nouns in English can be converted into a verb. Then why we need word class of verb第七题linguistics is a scientific study. Do you agree with the idea? Why and why not?第八题1.chomsky在语言学上的贡献2.Exemplify the concept of topic and comment3.the difference between classical theory and prototype theory（是课后题）4.What are the second language teaching methods?。

西南大学2019年秋[0126]《语言学概论》作业参考答案

西南大学网络与继续教育学院
课程名称：《语言学概论》课程代码：0126 学年学季：20192
单项选择题
1、关于语言系统，表述正确的是( )
音节是语音子系统的最小单位
符号层的单位可以只有意义没有语音
语言系统分为音系和语法两个层面/【对】
语音层的最小单位可以多于符号层的最小单位
2、下列加点的词是同音词的一组是（）
他们很熟、饭熟了
浪花、菊花
秋高气爽、毫厘不爽/【对】
短兵相接、纸上谈兵
3、中古英语的wifeman(妇女）由wife（女人）和man（人）构成，是个复合词。

后来这个词中的wife由于发音上的原因演变成wo，现代英语中的woman（妇女）成为了一个词了。

这是（）
语音的变化引起了句法的变化
句法的变化引起了词的结构的变化
语音的变化引起了词的结构的变化/【对】
词法的变化引起了词的结构的变化
4、语言符号的第一性的形式是
人类发出的声音 /【对】
自然界的各种声音
文字符号
触觉符号
5、下列词语中都属于仿译词的一组是（）
玻璃、墨水、鸵鸟政策
蜜月、超市、泥足巨人/【对】
沙发、黑板、钢琴
菠萝、面包、足球
6、下列属于征候的是（)
交通红绿灯
乌云密布预示着下雨/【对】
烽火表示敌情
性别标志。

2019西南大学英语语言学(二外日语)真题回忆

[2019初试真题回忆]2019西南大学英语语言学（二外日语）真题回忆先说日语吧小黄书真的很重要！（很奇怪参考书给新日但是全考标日）刚开始三篇阅读（40分）：第一篇是一封信，七个选择吧好像，讲一个人跟朋友约好去旅游但是路上出了车祸吧啦吧啦的，不难；第二篇是一个人去上班的过程，怎么坐车怎么转车，判断正误；第三篇是由狼来了的故事引入，但是我忘记主题了，4个选择日译汉（20分）第一篇是讲练习和发明创造，题目应该是天才では；第二篇是讲在车站跟工作人员问好，与此对比的是其他乘客不讲文明的行为。

总体感觉这两篇翻译都还好，只是个别句子有点绕，应该能拿到大部分的分数汉译日（20分）几乎都是新标日初级下的吧：1、唐突地问您一下，您是从事什么工作的？我是教汉语的教师。

2、(我)想去东京塔，怎么走好啊？3、(我)学了3个月电脑，但还不太会用。

4、田中先生后天搬家吧。

是的，大家来帮忙吧。

5、这个符号是“禁止吸烟”的意思6、我可以把窗户打开吗？好的，可以。

7、我明天休息，想带孩子去动物园8、店员建议小野，睡觉前不要喂食差两个作文：暑假，20分350字，简体经验：日语可以不看参考书，但是新标日一定要看，1819年汉译日全考的标日；翻译要常练，因为作文阅读不太难拉不开分，全靠翻译刷人。

今年的日译汉我有几个有印象，都没背下来，考场上全凭感觉写，很担心。

作文大家也不要愁，多背几篇范文，个人觉得日语作文比综英作文好些多了。

我把本科日语教材上的课文背了下来，本来是关于旅行的，然后我就改成了暑假去旅行了哈哈哈哈哈综英：名词解释（10个15分）China DreamThe moon and six penceAIIBCultural confidenceJohn steinbeckSaussuremetaphonymyromanticismhyperphonymy差一个三篇阅读15个选择30分，专八水平吧，很难，都没怎么看懂一篇cloze，15个空15分，专四水平英译汉20分，讲的是古希腊人对语言起源的探索，埃及一个什么大帝（大帝的名字不认识）将两个新生儿单独养起来，等到他们说话时第一个词是什么语（单词不认识）中的bread一词；第二段讲柏拉图怎样怎样，还有两个哲学派别的分歧，那两个哲学派别名字我忘记了，总之也是不认识。

西南大学2019年秋[0126]《语言学概论》作业资料答案

西南大学网络与继续教育学院
课程名称：《语言学概论》课程代码：0126 学年学季：20192
单项选择题
1、关于语言系统，表述正确的是( )
音节是语音子系统的最小单位
符号层的单位可以只有意义没有语音
语言系统分为音系和语法两个层面【√】
语音层的最小单位可以多于符号层的最小单位
2、下列加点的词是同音词的一组是（）
他们很熟、饭熟了
浪花、菊花
秋高气爽、毫厘不爽【√】
短兵相接、纸上谈兵
3、中古英语的wifeman(妇女）由wife（女人）和man（人）构成，是个复合词。

后来这个词中的wife由于发音上的原因演变成wo，现代英语中的woman（妇女）成为了一个词了。

这是（）
语音的变化引起了句法的变化
句法的变化引起了词的结构的变化
语音的变化引起了词的结构的变化【√】
词法的变化引起了词的结构的变化
4、语言符号的第一性的形式是
人类发出的声音【√】
自然界的各种声音
文字符号
触觉符号
5、下列词语中都属于仿译词的一组是（）
玻璃、墨水、鸵鸟政策
蜜月、超市、泥足巨人【√】
沙发、黑板、钢琴
菠萝、面包、足球
6、下列属于征候的是（)
交通红绿灯
乌云密布预示着下雨【√】
烽火表示敌情
性别标志。

19秋西南大学[0126]《语言学概论》作业复习资料答案

西南大学网络与继续教育学院
课程名称：《语言学概论》课程代码：0126 学年学季：20192
单项选择题
1、关于语言系统，表述正确的是( )
音节是语音子系统的最小单位
符号层的单位可以只有意义没有语音
语言系统分为音系和语法两个层面/【正确】
语音层的最小单位可以多于符号层的最小单位
2、下列加点的词是同音词的一组是（）
他们很熟、饭熟了
浪花、菊花
秋高气爽、毫厘不爽/【正确】
短兵相接、纸上谈兵
3、中古英语的wifeman(妇女）由wife（女人）和man（人）构成，是个复合词。

后来这个词中的wife由于发音上的原因演变成wo，现代英语中的woman（妇女）成为了一个词了。

这是（）
语音的变化引起了句法的变化
句法的变化引起了词的结构的变化
语音的变化引起了词的结构的变化/【正确】
词法的变化引起了词的结构的变化
4、语言符号的第一性的形式是
人类发出的声音 /【正确】
自然界的各种声音
文字符号
触觉符号
5、下列词语中都属于仿译词的一组是（）
玻璃、墨水、鸵鸟政策
蜜月、超市、泥足巨人/【正确】
沙发、黑板、钢琴
菠萝、面包、足球
6、下列属于征候的是（)
交通红绿灯
乌云密布预示着下雨/【正确】
烽火表示敌情
性别标志。

2019年西南大学考博英语真题(回忆版)

2019年西南大学考博英语真题回忆Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers – using nonscientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the object that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been nonverbal thinking, by the large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.The creative shaping process of a technologist’s mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should be valves be replaced? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail hard thinking, nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historical American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isomeric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.26. In the text, the author is primarily concerned with ()A) identifying the kinds of thinking that are used by technologistB) stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering design.C) proposing a new role for nonscientific thinking in engineering design.D) contrasting the goals of engineers with those of technologists.27.It can be inferred that the author thinks engineering curricula are ()A) strengthened when they include courses in design.B) weakened by the substitution of physical science courses for courses designed to developmathematical skills.C)strong because nonverbal thinking is still emphasize by most of the courses.D)strong despite the errors that graduates of such curricula have made in the development of automatic control system.28.which of the following statements best illustrates the main point of the first two paragraphs of the text?()A) When a machine like a rotary engine malfunctions, it is the technologist who is best equipped to repair it.B) Each component of an automobile – for example, the engine or the fuel tank – has a shape that has been scientifically de termined to be best suited to that component’s function.C) A telephone is a complex instrument designed by technologists using only nonverbal thought.D) The distinctive features of a suspension bridge reflect its designer’s conceptualization as well as the physical requirements of its site.29.Which of the following statements would best serve as an introduction to the text?()A) The assumption that the knowledge incorporated in technological developments must be derived from science ignore the many nonscientific decisions made by technologists.B) Analytical thought is no longer a vital component in the success of technological development.C) As knowledge of technology has increased, the tendency has been to lose sight of the important role played by scientific thought in making decisions about form, arrangement, and texture.D)A movement in engineering colleges toward a technician’s degree reflects a demand for graduates who have the nonverbal reasoning ability that was once common among engineers.30.The author calls the predicament faced by the Historic American Engineering Record paradoxical (line 6, paragraph 3) most probably because ()A) the publication needed drawings that its own staff could makeB) architectural schools offered but did not require engineering design courses for their studentC) college students were qualified to make the drawings while practicing engineers were not.D) engineering students were not trained to make the type of drawings needed to record thedevelopment of their own disciplineThe remarkable progress of science and technology in the 20st century has brought enormous benefits to humankind. Long and healthy lives, economic prosperity and a pleasant and convenient living environment have resulted from technological progress based on advances in scientific knowledge. This progress will continue or may even accelerate in the future, because both the number of scientists and their activities are expanding throughout the world. We may expect, therefore, that science and technology will continue to contribute to the development of human society.At the same time, rapid scientific advances may raise some difficult problems. First of all, the disparity in scientific knowledge between those in scientific and technical professions and those in other areas will continuously expand. This may create a communications gap between the two groups that could affect obtaining public consent on important issues, such as the use of genetically engineered plants or human embryonic stem cells. Secondly, the 21st century will be characterized by a knowledge-based society and a knowledge of science will be required for many professions. Those who lack scientific knowledge will have fewer opportunities for good jobs. Thirdly, the enormous increase in scientific information will become a burden for children who must study science. Already young people seem to be losing interest in science, and this trend may increase in the future. Over the past several years, enrollment in high-school physics courses in Japan has been decreasing, which suggests that many young people are losing interest in physics or avoiding subjects that require diligent study. Finally, scientific research in the next century will require increasing levels of public investment because sophisticated research is usually expensive. If the public loses interest in, science or does not understand the importance of research, it will become difficult for scientists to obtain sufficient financial support.Because of these considerations, I think that we need to carefully review present science education at different levels and to improve it in order to meet the expected rapid progress of science in the 21st century. At the level of primary education, the’ most important task is to stimul ate children’s interest in nature. Naive surprise at the wonders of nature will hopefully lead to a later interest in science. During their secondary education, students must learn logic and the principles of natural phenomena. They will gradually separate into groups of those who like and those who dislike science. It will be difficult to provide the latter students with the scientific basics that would be useful throughout their lives. This is also the case in university education.It is becoming a goal of general university education to give students who are not majoring in natural science and engineering some level of scientific literacy. In the future, all citizens, especially those expected to lead diverse areas of society should have a sound basis for understanding the progress of science. Because the pace of progress will accelerate further, continuing science education for the public is also of great importance.1.The first paragraph aims at _____A.Overstating the importance of science and technology.B.Highlighting the crucial role scientists play in the development of science and technology.C.Introducing the problems brought about by rapid scientific advances whiles stating theenormous benefits brought about by the progress of science and technology.D.Predicting the trend of the development of science and technology.2.According to the text, that young people seem to be losing interest in science_____.A.Causes the lack of scientists throughout the world in future.B.Is mainly due to the explosion of scientific information.C.Hinders the development of human society.D.Increases the communications gap between young people and scientists.3.The second paragraph is to denote_____A.The gap between scientific and technical professional and non-professionals.B.The difficulties faced by young people in finding jobs.C.The difficulties problems raised by rapid scientific advances.D.Scientific research in the 21th century.4.To which of the following statements is the author most unlikely to agree?A.It is a sheer waste of time and money to force those who dislike science to learn science.B.Stimulating children’s interest in nature is the top priority for primary and secondaryschool authorities.C.Secondary school students should learn logic and the principles of natural phenomena.D. A knowledge of science will be required for many professional in the 21st century5.The best title for this text might be_____A.Science education for the publicB.Science and technology in the 21st centuryC.Scientific advance and ensuing problemsD.The goal of primary, second and higher education还有一篇阅读是讲迈克杰克逊的歌曲，专辑。

[2019初试真题回忆]

[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年复旦大学英语语言学理论真题回忆（814）[size=14.6667px]（可能会有错有漏，或者题目顺序不对）1. 名词解释(10*2) use at least one example.affixdisplacementconnotationbackformationaphasiaparolephonotacticarticulatory phonetics#geometric（记不清）2.写phoneme(5*1)就是会给你几个feature value限定，写对应的辅音或者元音。

比较基础，考的比如元音的高低松紧前后，辅音也是类似stop alveolar palatal 3. A.the relation between the following pairs（5*1）1.antonym (odd/even)2.synonym (buy/purchase)3.antonym (above/below)4.homonym (sign5.hyponym (tiger/animal)B.word formation process(5*1)1.derivation2.clipping3.blending4.back formation5.acronym4. 一道语音分析题，给一组单词，分析过去式-ed什么情况下发/t/ /d/ /id/，限制的规则和其中的feature value(1*15)5. short answers(10*10)1. Explain the differences between voiced and voiceless according to the articulation.2. 问两个单词其中/p/有何不同，why they are allophones, not phonemes? 一个是送气[p]一个是不送气[p]3. Explain morphophoneme and the relationship between a morphophoneme and a phoneme.4. How do you think of the purpose of the study of language and mind?5. Cooperative Principle - Do you think B complies to conversation principle? What does B violate?6. Someone said that English has only two tense as past and present, how do you think of it?7. Explain 7 types of meaning by Geoffrey Leech with examples.8. Explain speech act theory.9. 给出someone’s compliment about the new tie of his friend. Analyze with face(面子原则).10. What is the difference between simile and metaphor？。

西大学术英语试题及答案

西大学术英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. The term "academic" is most closely associated with which of the following fields?A. SportsB. MusicC. LiteratureD. Science2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of academic writing?A. Formal languageB. ObjectivityC. Personal opinionsD. Logical structure3. In academic research, the importance of referencing is to:A. Show off one's knowledgeB. Acknowledge the work of othersC. Avoid plagiarismD. All of the above4. The primary purpose of a literature review in academic writing is to:A. Summarize the author's own researchB. Provide background informationC. Criticize other scholars' workD. Introduce the methodology5. What is the correct order of sections in a typical academic paper?A. Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion, ConclusionB. Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, AbstractC. Title, Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion, ReferencesD. Title, Introduction, Results, Methodology, Discussion, Conclusion6. Which of the following is not a common citation style?A. APAB. MLAC. ChicagoD. HTML7. The term "peer review" refers to the process where:A. Authors review their own workB. Other scholars in the same field evaluate the workC. The general public reviews the workD. The editor of a journal reviews the work8. Which of the following is an example of quantitative research?A. SurveysB. Case studiesC. InterviewsD. Observations9. The purpose of a hypothesis in research is to:A. Make predictionsB. Prove the researcher's beliefsC. Provide a conclusionD. Summarize the research10. In academic writing, the use of the first person is generally:A. Encouraged to add a personal touchB. Discouraged to maintain objectivityC. Required for all research papersD. Optional based on the field of study答案：1-5 DCBCC6-10 DBABA二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The _______ section of an academic paper usually provides an overview of the research and its significance.2. When citing a source, it is important to include the_______, author(s), title, and publication year.3. The _______ is a document that lists all the sources cited in an academic paper.4. In academic writing, the use of _______ words and phrases helps to convey a sense of certainty.5. A _______ is a type of research that seeks to understand phenomena in depth, often through detailed case studies.6. The _______ is the part of an academic paper where the researcher presents the results of their study.7. The _______ section of a paper discusses the findings andrelates them to existing literature and theories.8. A _______ is a statement that proposes a possible relationship between variables.9. The _______ is the final part of an academic paper where the main points are summarized and future research directions are suggested.10. In a literature review, the researcher _______ previous research to establish a context for their own study.答案：1. Abstract2. citation3. References4. modal5. qualitative6. Results7. Discussion8. hypothesis9. Conclusion10. reviews三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. What are the key elements of a research proposal?2. Describe the process of conducting a literature review.3. Explain the difference between primary and secondary sources.4. What is the role of an abstract in academic writing?答案：1. Key elements of a research proposal include the research question, background information, literature review,methodology, expected results, and significance of the study.2. Conducting a literature review involves searching for and evaluating existing research on a topic, summarizing key findings, and synthesizing this information to identify gaps and establish a context for new research.3. Primary sources are original materials or evidence fromthe time period involved, created by a witness or participant. Secondary sources are based on primary sources and include analyses, interpretations, or summaries of the evidence.4. The role of an abstract in academic writing is to providea brief summary of the research paper, highlighting the main points, methods, results, and conclusions, allowing readersto quickly assess the relevance of the paper.四、论述题（每题15分，共。

[2019初试真题回忆]

[2019初试真题回忆]2019年广州大学英语语言文学专业真题回忆往年英语语言文学的帖子不多，当时复习也挺茫然的，因此考完了趁还记得题型就先来写一篇回忆贴，以下如果有记错或记漏的欢迎同届考生指正。

英语语言文学的专业课考试在第二天进行：综合英语、翻译与写作。

一、综合英语1. 单项选择题。

主要是词汇辨析，词组搭配，有少量语法题，共30分，难度中下，跟专四的词汇辨析题有点像。

2. 完型填空。

这道题我在专四还是六级的完型真题里好像见过，但记得不是很清楚，是关于全球变暖对农业的影响。

粮食的供应、各国屯粮什么的。

不难，六级到专四的难度。

3. 阅读。

有三篇，每篇5个选择题，共15题。

全部在六级和专四的练习里做过，所以说啊，多做专四的题。

我买的全部是星火专八的资料，差不多都做完了，特别难，它会影响你的判断。

导致我在选择答案的时候不按常理出牌，总觉得不可能是那么简单的答案，其实答案原文里都完全找得到。

下面附上三篇阅读的原文和选项。

第一篇：Flats were almost unknown in Britain until the 1850s when they were developed, along with other industrial dwellings, for the laboring classes.These vast blocks were plainly a convenient means of easing social conscience by housing large numbers of the ever-present poor on compact city sites. During the 1880s, however, the idea of living in comfortable residential chambers caught on with the affluent upper and upper-middle classes, and controversy as to the advantages and disadvantages of flat life was a topic of conversation around many a respectable dinner-table. In Paris and other major European cities, the custom whereby the better-off lived in apartments, or fiats, was well established. Up to the late nineteenth century in England only bachelor barristers had established the tradition of living in rooms near the Law Court: any self-respecting head of household would insist upon a West End town house as his London home, the best that his means could provide.The popularity of flats for the better-off seems to have developed for a number of reasons. One is the introduction of the railways, which had enabled a wide range of people to enjoy a holiday staying in a suite at one of the luxury hotels which had begun to spring up during the previous decade. Hence, there is no doubt that many of the early luxury fiats were similar to hotel suites, even being provided with communal dining-rooms and central boilers for hot water and heating. Rents tended to be high to cover overheads, but savings were made possible by these communal amenities and by tenants being able to reduce thenumber of family servants.One of the earliest substantial London developments of flats for the well-to-do was begun soon after Victoria Railway Station was opened in 1860, as the train service provided an efficient link with both the City and the South of England. Victoria Street, adjacent to both the Station and Westminster, had already been formed, and under the direction of the architect, Henry Ashton, was being lined, with blocks of residential chambers in the Parisian manner. These fiats were commodious indeed, offering between eight and fifteen rooms apiece, including appropriate domestic offices. The idea was an emphatic departure from the tradition of the London house and achieved immediate Success.Perhaps the most notable block in the vicinity was Queen Anne\'s Mansions, partly designed by E.R. Robson in 1884 and recently demolished. For many years, this was London\'s loftiest building and had strong claims to be the ugliest. The block modeled on the American skyscraper, and was nearly 200 feet high. The cliff-like walls of dingy brick completely overshadowed the modest thoroughfare nearby. Although bleak outside, the mansion fiats were palatial within, with sumptuously furnished communal entertaining and dining rooms, and lifts to the uppermost floors. The success of these tall blocks of flats could not have been achieved, of course, without the invention of the lift, or \'ascending carriage\' as it was called when firstused in the Strand Law Courts in the 1870s.1、Flats first appeared in Britain in the middle of the 19th century whenA. they were principally built for those families with several servants.B. people were not conscious of the crowded housing of the less well-to-do.C. there was increasing concern over accommodation for the poor.D. people became conscious of the social needs of the rural population.2、English upper-middle-class families preferred toA. live mainly outside London, where it was healthier and cheaper.B. live in the West End.C. live near their working place.D. live in London, but mainly not in the West End.3、One effect of the railways\' coming to central London was to stimulate the building ofA. large and well-appointed hotels.B. blocks of self-contained fiats.C. rows of elegant town houses.D. fiats similar to hotel suites.4、The immediate success of the flats in Victoria Street could be attributed toA. the unusual number of rooms each fiat contained.B. their revolutionary style of architecture.C. the ease with which they could be used as offices.D. their French style of architecture.5、Which of the following is true about the interior and exterior of Queen Anne\'s Mansions?A. They were elegantly decorated both inside and outside.B. They were grim from the outside and had a modest decor inside.C. They were flashy from the street but nondescript inside.D. They were plain outside but with lavish interior.第二篇：As a firefighter, I have seen many people die in hotel fires. Most could have saved themselves if they had been prepared. Contrary to what you have seen in the movies, fire is not likely to chase you down and burn you to death. It’s the by-products of fire-smoke and panic- that are almost always the causes of death.For example, a man wakes up at 2:30 am due to the smell of smoke. He pulls on his pants and runs into the hallway-to be greeted by heavy smoke. He has no idea where the exit is, so he runs first to the right. No exit. Where is it? Panic sets in. He’s coughing and gagging now; his eyes hurt. He can t see his way back to his room. His chest hurt; he needs oxygen desperately. He rims in the other direction, completely disoriented. At 2:50 am we find him dead of smoke inhalation.Smoke, because it is warmer than air, will start accumulating at the ceiling and works its way down. The fresh air you should breathe is near the floor. What’s more, smoke is extremely irritating to the eyes. Your eyes will take only so much irritation, then they will close and you won t be able to open them.Your other enemy, panic, can make you do things that could kill you. The man in the foregoing example would not have died if he had known what to do. Had he found out beforehand where the exit was four doors down on the left-he could have gotten down on his hands and knees close to the floor, where the air is fresher. Then, even if he couldn\'t keep his eyes open, he could have felt the wall as he crawled, counting doors.1. The major point discussed in the passage is ( )A. a firefighter\'s jobВ. How to cope with fireC. the danger of fireD. the real cause of death in fire.2. Which of the following persons would most likely die in hotel fires?( )A. Those who get down on their hands and knees close to the door.B. Those who leave the hotel at the first sign of smoke.C. Those who look before they leap out of a low window.D. Those who don t know where the exits are.3. The man who died of smoke inhalation is an example given by the author to show( )A. the disastrous consequence of panic and smokeB. the importance of precaution against fireC. the disastrous consequence of a big hotel fireD. the importance of being well-prepared in your room4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?( )A. Fire is unlikely to turn you to death directly.B. Smoke and panic are almost always the causes of death.C. You should keep calm in the hotel fire.D. Movies show the right rules for surviving hotel fires.5. The word \"disoriented”(Para.2) means ( )A. losing all sense of directionB. losing all strength against fireС. unable to see the wayD. mortally afraid第三篇:War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality (守卫地盘的天性) are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate (天生的) survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existences of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function. It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical (道德上的) patterns within which human violence has been directed.The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a statecontrolled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combating to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.31. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that __（B）__.A) it threatens the existing social systemsB) it is influenced by societyC) it has roots in religious conflictsD) it is directed against institutions of law32. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is __（A）__.A) to control violence within a societyB) to protect the world from chaosC) to free society from the idea of revengeD) to give the government absolute power33. What does the author mean by saying “... in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused”(Lines 4-5, Para. 2)? （D）A) Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B) Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.C) Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D) Punishment is not carried out directly by the individuals involved.34. The word “allegiance”(Line 4, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to __（A）__.A) loyaltyB) objectiveC) survivalD) motive35. What can we learn from the last paragraph? __（D）__A) Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.B) In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.C) In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.D) Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.4.改错。

2019年西南大学文学、二外德语初试真题回忆

[2019初试真题回忆]2019年西南大学文学、二外德语初试真题回忆考完了研，不管怎么样，我想把真题回忆下来给后面的学弟学妹做参考，只有经历过才知道这一路有多难。

244德语阅读题第一篇讲师生关系第二篇全球变暖各五个判断题德译中，一篇关于教育部的报告，很多数据中译德，新闻题材，新四大火炉，第二段主要讲武汉的环境变化，原因。

作文，介绍中国的一个特点632基英名词解释15分John steinbeck，romanticism，chinese dream，cultural confidence，hyponymy，metayphony(不确定)，femininism，saussure，AIIB,The moon and the six pennies.阅读理解30分完型填空15分翻译40分，中翻英是关于传统文化的继承和创新啥的，英翻中是关于希腊人对语言来源的贡献作文William James的essay“habit”共50分848英美文学选择15分，考了以前的真题，还有一些没见过的，而且不是像以前学姐说的环球时代那本书上的，因为那本书的选择题我过了两遍很清楚，比如说选段开头是啥不过是常见的第二个题paraphrase！！！二十分书上的选段有坎特博雷故事集，of studies，莎士比亚的sonnet 29，爱伦坡的致海伦，狄金森的诗啥的（没见过这首），其他作家还有惠特曼的诗……选四个第三个题plot summary二十分莎士比亚的罗密欧与朱丽叶Tom Jones,the old man and the sea，Jane Eyre，带七个尖角的房子，sons and lovers（不记得的了虽然刚考完）也选四个第四题名词解释！！！二十分the university wits，romanticism，transcendentalism，carpe diem，modernism，blank verse……啥啥的选四个第五题二十五分选段是失乐园和《宠儿》，问的问题是关于选段的第六题comments五选二50分1.humanism reprezented as the english renaissance writers2.satirical wirting in the age of enlighenment3.啥Charles dickens and his fellow writers4.美国自然主义还是啥的5.二十世纪的美国wirting吧（因为我看到比较有把握的题就写了，也没仔细看其他的）犯了很多低级错误，好丢人，现在就盼老师多给我分了于2018年12月23日。