D.H Lawrence as a Modern Psychological Novelist
Lady_Chatterley's_lover_Review
Literature Review of Lady Chatterley’s Lover师大外语学院英语语言文学班宋美琼05090201015D.H. Lawrence was one of the most controversial English writers of the 20th century becauseof his being audacious in the erotic writing and original in describing sexual relationship. Many critics on D.H. Lawrence‘s Lady Chatterley’s Lover have focused their attention on the novel’s social critique, gender issues, and the main characters’mental and psychological development, pointing out this novel has criticized the western industrial society and explored the ideal relationship between sexes and the irrational aspects of human mind. D.H Lawrence’s abundant sex description between Chattley and Mellor has made a sharp contrast to the unbearable so-called husband and wife life without any sex enjoyments, which shows Chatterley’s insatiable lacks The loss or absence in Chattley could be boiled down to the discontented feeling to Cliff’s biased class notion and also, the regret to the attack of industrial civilization to the natural ancient England.About the relationship between Lawrence’s sex description or Chattley’s loss given by the society, different views and opinions, either sharp or strict, mild or direct, have been given to, not only Lawrence’s belief, but also to this nature-originated work, which were at first been regarded acrimonious or indissoluble, but gradually begin to catch the interests and focus of the modern critics. For all of these changes, this disputable work turned its face from a pornography coprology to a giant including naturalism and psychoanalysis that couldn’t be entombed fully and deeply. Lots of specific or complex causes about the cause of the unfaithful deeds of the educated young lady in the fogeyish old England should be discussed.1.Literature Review1.1The Review in Western CountriesWritten and then published in 1928, Lady Chatterley’s Lover is a novel “caused a scandal dueto its explicit sex scenes’, including previously banned four-letter words.”( Mc GRath：2008，3 ) The editor Michael Quales pointed in the preface that it is not as easy as others’ willing to publisha book loyal to Lawrence’s designed origin. And also, the printer Ms. Morrison strongly refused to print the manuscript for Lawrence after having finished the first two so-called pornographic chapters.At the beginning of its publication, this novel was not welcomed by other especially its direct pornographic description on sexual behavior without considering the thought that the “complicated and direct sex is what Lady Chattley wants” (Mc Grath: 2008:3) for they didn’t find “the implication in interpreting Chattley’s rapture with Cliff and the combination with Mellor”.(Stagow, 2007:20 ) French philosopher Michel Foucault(1978) gives a serious criticismon one of Lawrence’s point that writers should make describing sexual behavior with language a top priority, Foucault even thinks that Lawrence’s assertion would certainly make the future people in perplexity—They would definitely not understand why should a modern civilized people spends so much time and infinite energy in investigating so virtual condition.(Yuan, 2009:10)And also, even though the sharp or direct correction or critic are not given by this group to Lawrence’s sex description, they skirt the obscure and “pornographic”words and they just appropriate the style or word or even inspiration.“Having discussed the topic of human vs. nature as well as human humanbeings vs. humanbeings, this book shows the reader the strange relationship between man and women” (Kong, 2004: 5) And also, the critics including Kong consider that Lawrence owns the idea that the industrialization enticed people’s mind to materials and money rather than noble things so that the pollution of the environment and distort of human beings’nature as well as the sex instinct are trampled and despised seriously. (Kong, 2000: 5)The study of Symbolism is also used to analyze the book, they have given a specific cooperation and introduction to the Neumann and allegory specifically and fully to back Lawrence’s idea that the sex instinct and the sex intercourse are the nature of human beings and they should be liberated and then, enjoyed. (Lu, 2006: 113)According to the Freudian school of critics, “D. H. Lawrence concentrates on the sexual and neoucentric complexes dominated by the Freudian and other school of psychoanalysis.”“They differ widely in content and technique, but are essentially alike in their purpose: to explain human motivation from the viewpoint of an internal mind, rather than from the view point of ancestral observance. (Luo, 2006：247)Another group thinks that to Lawrence, sex is to him the counterweight of the male and female principle in the University: attract, repel, neutralize a new round of attraction and repelled, the forever difference and variable new thought or design. (He, 2005:2)By another group who support and understand Lawrence’s view and technique, for example Worthen, striking an uncharacteristically maudlin note “extraordinarily tender and non-exploitative”.(Worthen, 2000:29) And to support his idea and writer, Wotthen ascribe the betray of Chatterley and the combination of she and Mellor to the changing political fashion, and quotes Ursula K. Le Guin as a representative modern voice: “ He was a sexist and a racist, is there any argument?”(Allen, 2006: 34) The group including Worthen thinks that maybe because in writing of nature he looked outward rather than, as was his usual habit, inward. Even a simple, apparently careless thing or the most common sexual scene is described vivid and moving.The Ness statesmen note that D.H. Lawrence had intended us to understand that Connie and Mellor had enjoyed anal sex, even an ambiguous description was then thought daring. The Independent On Sunday describes it as “just another artistic cliché. Mark Ravenhill, writer of a new plays at the National Theatre promises “plenty of buggery” shows as amazing enjoyable. The Guardian’s women page helpfully explains: this is all about anal sex in which people can’t take full pleasure. This argument used shows how sexual or direct the novel’s description is and why Conne can’t get enjoyment from Cliff. And also they point out that its not Cliff’s impotent in body but his lack or loss in spirit that lead to the failure of their marriage life because Cliff’s disabled originated even before he took up the arms.1.2 The Review in ChinaIn China, such an ancient and traditional country, it is even much latter than the western countries to allow the public publication or translation of this novel. Among the old writers, Yu Dafu and Ling Yutang are the two earliest writer or translator to translate and introduce this book to China. Yu points out in his The Reading of Lawrence’s novel that: the characteristics of this book in England are that it is finished based on an estranged, dull, and conventional as well as traditional society whose people own the false fashion, which makes Lawrence in trouble in the composing and publication of this book. Yu sees that in the book, the working class is the sufferers of the invasion of the capitalism and the control of the bourgeoisie. In this book Yu also refers that Lawrence expresses his vivid observation of the happiness of the sex intercourse by showing the technique of making love. “He has mentioned every part of women’s body but doesn’t make us feel embarrassed or vulgar, unnatural.”For this reason, many people or even some writers or critics regard it pornographic, some compared it with the treasure of Chinese so-called sexual novel The Golden Lotus.When the angel turns to Ling Y utang, it is a little different, that is he regard the description of Lawrence’s sex intercourse scene or technique somehow subjective and free. He use the metaphor of dandy monk to describe Lawrence who remain the spirit of the happy sex in mind rather than focus on the body enjoyment simply from the physical combination of two sexes, so it is the reason why Connie couldn’t taste the happiness from her marriage with Cliff but could be crazy with a gate-keeper, who cares less fame and quail, and free of the restrict of industrial civilization.In recent years, many ways of critic are used frequently and fully to comment on the famous for the open-door policy. All among these comments, the liberation of the sex and seek to the sexual happiness is the aura of the novel which attracts more and more readers. And people regard Connie’s betrayed loyal and right because of the real and true enjoyment from another real man. (Zhang, 2006: 25)2.The limitation and my own commentSo much comment and critics makes this novel’s radiance even more shining and attractive for its sharp and fully comments. For many readers or critics, their focus on Connie’s betray and the baldness of sexual words description from Lawrence is always sex itself, little has been mentioned that the loss of Connie caused by both Cliff’s selfish capitalist’s exploitation and control. From the angel of the relationship Connie’s betray and the sexual words seen everywhere.BibliographyAllen, B. D.H Lawrence’s Decline, The New Criterion【J】, May 2006, P23-56Mc Grath.C(2008) Lady Chatterley’s Lover【J】, New York Times, Pg9,Wk3Worthen, J. D.H Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider【J】, New York: New York Journal, 2000, P29-31Sragow，M（2007）Manage? Trios: Two lovers, One Garden in “Lady Chatterley”【J】New York Times, Pg20Lawrence, Lady Chatterley’s Lover 【M】,Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House ,2007 张中载，《查泰来夫人的情人》吃官司【J】，北京：北京外国语大学学报，2006, P21-22。
D.H.Lawrence英文介绍
THE CREATIVE FEATURES AND THE SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF LAWRENCE'S WRITING:
The major characteristics of his novel is that he combined social criticism with psychological exploration in his novel writing.
(1) The theme: In his writings, Lawrence has expressed a strong reaction against the mechanical civilization. (2) Lawrence's influence on modern and contemporary English literature: He was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works.
characters
Mother: Gertrude Morel, a strong-willed, refined, middleclass girl Miriam: spiritual
Clara: physical
Oedipus complex Paul’s feeling toward his mother
Other women: physical
Lawrence’s feeling towards his mother
HIS LATER NOVELS
His later novels, which deal more extensively with themes of power, dominance, and leadership; the relationships that men form with one another, are also under exploration. These works include Aaron‘s Rod (1922), Kangaroo (1923), The Plumed Serpent (1926), and Lady Chatterley’s Lover (1928). In Lady Chatterley's Lover,
英美文学选读试题详解3
英美文学选读-阶段测评3成绩：87.5分一、Multiple Choice 共40 题题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分wrence’s novels( )are generally regarded as his masterpieces.A、The Rainbow，Women in LoveB、The Rainbow，Sons and LoversC、Sons and Lovers，Lady Chatterley’s LoverD、Women in Love，Lady Chatterley’s Lover（P370.para2）劳伦斯的成名作是《儿子和情人》，而其代表作是《虹》和《恋爱中的女人》标准答案：A考生答案：A本题得分：2.5 分题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分T.S.Eliot’s poem( )is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream - of -consciousness technique,also a prelude to The Waste Land.A、“Prufrock”B、“Gerontion”C、The Hollow MenD、Lyrical Ballads（P358.para3）“Gerontion”是一部用戏剧式独白写成的诗歌，是《荒原》的前奏曲，也采用了意识流派的文风。
标准答案：B考生答案：B本题得分：2.5 分题号: 3 本题分数:2.5 分wrence’s autobiographical novel is( ).A、The RainbowB、Women in LoveC、Sons and LoversD、Lady Chatterley’s Lover（P369.para1）劳伦斯的作品大多都是从心理上去探求让人的本能的，同时也反映人性中最内在的东西。
其作品《儿子和情人》真实地反映了自己在童年时期的家庭状况，被视为其半自传体小说。
D.H.Lawrence
Mother:a
Tension:affected
young Lawrence, and was reflected in novels.
4
British Literature
wrence
Wife:Frieda, 6 years older, lived mostly abroad, in Italy, Australia, New Zealand, California, Mexico, and thence back to Europe, moving from place to place. Death:tuberculosis,southern France,44.
British Literature
wrence
10
Writers against mechanical civilization, modernization：
Jonathan Swift
William Wordsworth Thomas Hardy
T. S. Eliot
With the working-class simplicity and directness, Lawrence can summon up all the physical attributes associated with the common daily objects.
British Literature
The White Peacock 图 (1911), 《白孔雀》 Sons and Lovers (1913), 《儿子与情人》 The Rainbow (1915), 《彩虹》 Women in Love (1920),《恋爱中的女人》 The Plumed Serpent (1926), 《羽蛇》 The Rocking-Horse Winner (1926)，《木马赢家》 Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928),《查泰莱夫人的情人》
DH劳伦斯与王小波的性爱书写比较
DH劳伦斯与王小波的性爱书写比较DH Lawrence and Wang Xiaobo are two writers from different countries and times, but they share a common theme in their work: the exploration of human sexuality. Lawrence is known for his controversial novel Lady Chatterley's Lover, while Wang gained fame for his novel Beijing Doll. Both authors depict sexual encounters in their work, but there are notable differences in their approaches. This paper will compare and contrast the sexual writing styles of DH Lawrence and Wang Xiaobo.I. Introduction- Brief overview of DH Lawrence and Wang Xiaobo- Importance of sexuality in their work- Thesis statementII. DH Lawrence's approach to sexuality- Use of explicit language and descriptions- Exploration of physical and emotional aspects of sex- Portrayal of women as sexual beings with agency- Controversy surrounding Lady Chatterley's LoverIII. Wang Xiaobo's approach to sexuality- Use of subtle and poetic language- Focus on emotional and psychological aspects of sex- Portrayal of women as victims of oppression- Political and social commentaryIV. Themes in DH Lawrence's sexual writing- Connection between sex and nature- Relationship between physical and emotional pleasure- Exploration of sexual taboos and social norms- Critique of patriarchal societyV. Themes in Wang Xiaobo's sexual writing- Connection between sex and power- Critique of political and cultural repression- Exploration of the human condition and existentialism- Reflection on the absurdity of lifeVI. Comparison of DH Lawrence and Wang Xiaobo's portrayal of love and intimacy- Use of symbolism and metaphor- Treatment of love as a transformative experience- Exploration of the complexity of human emotions- Representation of intimacy as a source of enlightenmentVII. Differences in character development and relationships- DH Lawrence's use of dynamic, flawed characters- Wang Xiaobo's portrayal of characters as passive victims- Comparison of heterosexual and homosexual relationships- Examination of cultural differences in sexual expressionVIII. Criticisms and controversies surrounding DH Lawrence and Wang Xiaobo's sexual writing- Reception of Lady Chatterley's Lover and censorship- Accusations of misogyny in DH Lawrence's work- Wang Xiaobo's critics citing anti-Communist sentiments- Criticism of both authors' use of sex for shock valueIX. Conclusion- Recap of similarities and differences in DH Lawrence and Wang Xiaobo's sexual writing- Reflection on the significance of their works- Final thoughts on the portrayal of sex and human relationships in literature1. IntroductionThe introduction provides a brief overview of DH Lawrence and Wang Xiaobo and their importance in exploring human sexuality in their works. The thesis statement clearly states that the paper will compare and contrast the sexual writing styles of both authors.2. DH Lawrence's approach to sexualityThis section explores DH Lawrence's approach to sexuality, which involves explicit language and descriptions, the emotional and physical aspects of sex, the portrayal of women as sexual beings with agency, and the controversy surrounding his most famous work, Lady Chatterley's Lover.3. Wang Xiaobo's approach to sexualityThis section discusses Wang Xiaobo's approach to sexuality, which differs from Lawrence's in that it consists of subtle and poetic language, a focus on psychological and emotional aspects of sex, the portrayal of women as victims of oppression, and political and social commentary.4. Themes in DH Lawrence's sexual writingThis section examines the themes present in DH Lawrence's sexual writing, including the connection between sex and nature, the relationship between physical and emotional pleasure, the exploration of sexual taboos and social norms, and the critique of patriarchal society.5. Themes in Wang Xiaobo's sexual writingThis section explores the themes present in Wang Xiaobo's sexual writing, which include the connection between sex and power, the critique of political and cultural repression, the exploration of the human condition and existentialism, and the reflection on the absurdity of life.6. Comparison of DH Lawrence and Wang Xiaobo's portrayal of love and intimacyThis section compares and contrasts how Lawrence and Wang portray love and intimacy in their works, through the use of symbolism and metaphor, treating love as a transformative experience, exploring the complexity of human emotions, and depicting intimacy as a source of enlightenment.7. Differences in character development and relationshipsThis section examines the differences in character development and relationships in the works of Lawrence and Wang, including Lawrence's use of dynamic, flawed characters, Wang's portrayal of characters as passive victims, and the comparison of heterosexual and homosexual relationships, as well as examining cultural differences in sexual expression.8. Criticisms and controversies surrounding DH Lawrence and Wang Xiaobo's sexual writingThis section discusses the criticisms and controversies surrounding the authors' sexual writing, including the censorship of Lady Chatterley's Lover, accusations of misogyny in Lawrence's work, accusations of anti-Communist sentiments in Wang's work, andcriticism of both authors' use of sex for shock value.9. ConclusionThe conclusion recaps the paper's main points, reflecting on the significance of the authors' works and offering final thoughts on the portrayal of sex and human relationships inliterature.IntroductionD.H. Lawrence and Wang Xiaobo are two authors from different cultural backgrounds, yet they share a common theme in their writing – sexuality. Both authors have explored human sexuality in their works and have been known for being controversial because of their explicit writing about sex. D.H. Lawrence was born in England and is known for his novel Lady Chatterley's Lover, which was banned because of its graphic sexual content. Wang Xiaobo was a Chinese author who was part of the 'New Wave' literary movement in the 1990s. His work has been praised and criticized for its frank portrayal of sexuality, which was considered subversive in a repressive political and social climate. This paper compares and contrasts the sexual writing style of D.H. Lawrence and Wang Xiaobo, exploring their distinct approaches to portray human sexuality and relationships.D.H. Lawrence's Approach to SexualityD.H. Lawrence's approach to sexuality was direct and explicit. His writing didn't shy from the use of graphic language, and his work addressed the physical and emotional aspects of sex. Lawrence saw sex as a natural part of life, and his writing explored the emotional and psychological implications of sex. Lawrence's work departsfrom the prevailing puritanical attitudes about sex during his time and portrays sexuality in a candid and honest way.Lawrence's work also portrayed women as sexual beings with agency. He celebrated women's sexuality and saw it as integral to the human experience. Lawrence's characterization of women was different from his contemporaries, who saw women primarily as objects of desire. In Lady Chatterley's Lover, he portrayed the female protagonist Constance Chatterley as a complex character who takes risks for love and sexual fulfillment, earning Lawrence criticism for glorifying adultery.Lawrence's explicit writing about sex made him a controversial figure in the early 20th century. His novel Lady Chatterley's Lover was banned in the UK for over 30 years because of its graphic sexual content. His other work, like Women in Love and Sons and Lovers, also addressed sex and relationships in frank ways, expanding the boundaries of what was acceptable to write about in literature.Wang Xiaobo's Approach to SexualityWang Xiaobo's writing about sexuality differed significantly from Lawrence's approach. Instead of graphic language and explicit descriptions, Wang used subtlety and poetic language to describe sex. Wang's approach was more psychological and focused on the emotional aspects of sex. He explored the emotional impact of sex rather than the physical sensations.Wang's work also portrayed women in a different light fromLawrence's. He saw women as victims of oppression and cultural repression, and their sexuality was often portrayed as a source of pain and trauma. In Wang's work, female characters were submissive and powerless, victims of a repressive society that forced them to conform to rigid gender roles.Wang's approach to sexuality was also political and social commentary. His work was critical of the Chinese Communist Party and its social policies, often using sex to highlight the absurdities and contradictions of the system. His writing explored universal themes such as existentialism, moral ambiguity, and the human condition.Themes in D.H. Lawrence's Sexual WritingD.H. Lawrence's sexual writing had several themes that could be seen in his work. One of these themes was the relationship between sex and nature. Lawrence saw sex as a natural and instinctive part of life and believed that by suppressing sexual expression, society was alienating itself from nature. In Lady Chatterley's Lover, Constance Chatterley's sexual awakening was connected to her love of nature, and sex became a path to communion with the natural world.Another theme in Lawrence's work was the connection between physical and emotional pleasure. Lawrence's writing connected physical pleasure with emotional and spiritual fulfillment. In Sons and Lovers, the protagonist's sexual awakening is pivotal in his emotional growth and self-discovery. Lawrence believed that sex could be a path to personal transformation.Sexual taboos and social norms were also a common theme in Lawrence's work. His writing represented a critique of conventional society's views on sex, and the societal norms that he believed hindered human intimacy. Lawrence's work challenged societal expectations about sex by claiming that sex was not only for procreation but also for fulfillment of emotional and spiritual needs.The last theme in Lawrence's work was the critique of patriarchal society's portrayal of women. Lawrence's work often challenged the traditional role of women in society and portrayed them as complex, sexual beings with agency. He believed that sexual relations should be a source of mutual enrichment between men and women and that patriarchy dehumanized women.Themes in Wang Xiaobo's Sexual WritingWang Xiaobo's sexual writing also had several themes that were different from Lawrence's work. One theme was the connection between sex and power. Wang's writing portrayed sex as a source of power, with sexual relations often used as a way to gain authority over others. In his work, sex could be used as a tool for manipulation and control.Wang's work also had a strong critique of political and cultural repression. He saw repression in all forms and sex as an area where the government control could be seen . Wang wrote that a society that did not allow sexual freedom was also repressive in other areas of life. He believed that sexual expression was a necessarypart of human freedom and that the restriction of it was an affront to human rights and dignity.A third theme in Wang's work was the exploration of the human condition and existentialism. His writing examined the psycho-emotional effects of human relationships and explored the existential questions of human existence. He showed that sex and relationships could be a source of fulfillment but could also lead to despair and loneliness.Another theme in Wang's work was the critique of the absurdity of life. His writing often exposed the emptiness of societal conventions and the impossibility of human relationships in a world of chaos and disorder. Wang used his writing to reflect on the absurdity of human life and the human condition.Comparison of D.H. Lawrence and Wang Xiaobo's Portrayal of Love and Intimacy.D.H. Lawrence and Wang Xiaobo portrayed love and intimacy in their work in different ways. Lawrence's portrayal of love and intimacy was often passionate and intense, using metaphors and symbols to connect sex with a transcendence of the mundane. Love and intimacy were spiritual, transforming experiences, connecting with nature and the universe.Wang's portrayal of love and intimacy was more psychological, focusing on the emotional and psychological struggles of his characters. Wang's characters were often passive, hesitant, and disconnected. He showed the complexities of human relationshipsand the impossibility of true intimacy, with relationships fraught with misunderstanding and miscommunication. Wang's characters struggled to find meaning and fulfillment in their relationships, and love became a source of ambiguity and existential despair.Differences in Character Development and RelationshipsD.H. Lawrence's work had dynamic and complex characters whose personal struggles shaped their relationships, with sex and intimacy being transformative experiences. In Sons and Lovers, the protagonist's relationship with his mother and lover is fraught with emotion, with sex as both a way to connect and a source of emotional turmoil. Lady Chatterley's Lover portrays Constance Chatterley as a woman seeking love and fulfillment, whose sexual liberation is integral to her emotional growth.Wang, on the other hand, portrayed characters that were passive and often helpless in grappling with their relationships. His female characters, in particular, were victims of a repressive society that forced them into limiting gender roles. They struggled to find their agency and identity, and their sexual experiences were traumatic. Cultural Differences in Sexual ExpressionBoth Lawrence and Wang explored their own cultural contexts in their work. Lawrence's work was shaped by the strict moral codes and puritanical attitudes towards sex in England in the early 20th century. His work was seen as a challenge to these norms, and Lady Chatterley's Lover was banned for over 30 years in the UK.Wang's work was a reflection of the repressive political and social climate in China in the 1990s. The country's strict censorship laws and authoritarian government clamped down on any form of free expression, including sexual expression. Wang's writing was a challenge to these repressive policies and represented his critique of the effects of authoritarian rule on the personal lives of individuals.Criticisms and Controversies Surrounding D.H. Lawrence and Wang Xiaobo's Sexual WritingBoth Lawrence and Wang faced criticisms for their portrayal of sexuality in their work. Lady Chatterley's Lover was banned for its explicit sexual content in the UK, and Lawrence faced accusations of glorifying adultery and objectifying women in his work. Lawrence was also accused of being a misogynist in some circles.Wang's work was also controversial because of its frank portrayal of sexuality. His work was seen as challenging the traditional mores of Chinese society and was criticized for being subversive. He faced accusations of anti-Communist sentiments and was arrested for his writing in 1999.Both authors also faced criticism for their use of sex for shock value. Critics saw Lawrence's work as sensationalized and pornographic, while Wang's work was seen as titillating and rooted in shock value. Some critics saw both authors as exploiting sex to gain notoriety and attention.ConclusionD.H. Lawrence and Wang Xiaobo were two authors who explored human sexuality in their writing. Lawrence's approach was explicit and focused on the physical and emotional aspects of sex, and portrayed women as sexual beings with agency. Wang's approach was less graphic and focused on the psychological and emotional aspects of sex, with his female characters often portrayed as victims of repression.Their works also had different themes, with Lawrence exploring the connection between sex and nature, physical and emotional pleasure, and the critique of patriarchal society. Wang's themes focused on the connection between sex and power, political and cultural repression, the human condition and existentialism, and the absurdity of life.The ways in which they portrayed love and intimacy also differed, with Lawrence using metaphors and symbols to connect sex with transcendent meanings and Wang portraying love as an existential struggle.Differences in character development and relationships were also present in their work, with Lawrence's characters often being dynamic and struggling in their relationships while Wang's characters were often passive victims of societal oppression. Finally, both authors were criticized for their portrayal of sexuality, with accusations of glorifying adultery, misogyny, and exploitation. However, both authors were seen as challenging societal normsand expanding the boundaries of what was considered acceptable in literature.。
儿子与情人 精神分析
The Analysis of Paul’ Oedipus Complex--A Psychoanalytical Study on D.H Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers Abstract: D.H. Lawrence is one of the greatest writers in English literature.Sons and Lovers is one of his masterpieces which are known as a novel with a large amount of sexual descriptions in it. Although this book is quite controversial, it is very popular all over the world. In the novel, the hero Paul has Oedipus complex towards his mother which means that he loves his mother like loving his lover. In this paper, the author is trying to use Freud’s psychoanalytical theory to analysis Paul’s Oedipus complex and illustrate several reasons that cause it. Some factors in his family directly cause his Oedipus complex, but capitalism is the fundamental reason for Paul’s tragedy life.Keywords: Oedipus complex, psychoanalytic theory, formations, reasons摘要：D.H.劳伦斯是英国文学史上最伟大的作家之一。
英语专业本科毕业论文参考题目
英语专业本科毕业论⽂参考题⽬美英⽂学研究⽅向选题1. A Brief Comment on Shakespeare’s’ The Merchant of Venice (浅谈莎⼠⽐亚的《威尼斯商⼈》)2. Hamlet: His Characters as a Humanist(哈姆雷特⼈物性格分析)3. Parallelism and Contrast of Shakespeare’s Dramatic Language(莎⼠⽐亚戏剧的排⽐与对照⽤语)4. The Social Significance of Dickens’s Oliver Twist(狄更斯《雾都孤⼉》的社会意义)5. On the Structure of Dickens’s Hard Times(谈狄更斯《艰难时世》的结构)6. Jane Austen’s Art of Irony and Its Rhetoric Effects(简·奥斯丁的反语及其修辞效果)7. Appreciation of Literary Language of Pride and Prejudice(《傲慢与偏见》⽂学语⾔欣赏)8. An Character Analysis of the Heroine of Emma(《爱玛》⼥主⼈公性格分析)9. The High Class as Seen in Thacheray’s Vanity Fair(从《名利场》看上流社会)10. From Pastoral Stories to Great Tragic Novels : An Analysis of Hardy’s Novels(哈代⼩说--------从⽥园故事到伟⼤的悲剧⼩说)11. Tess : A Rebellious Woman(叛逆者苔丝)12. Remarks on wrence’s Psychological Analyses(浅析劳伦斯的⼼理分析描写)13. Social Reality as Reflected in the Poetry of William Blake(布莱克诗中反映的社会现实)14. Edgar Allan Poe and the World Literature(爱伦· 坡与世界⽂学)15. An Analysis of the Heroine of The Scarlet Letter(浅谈《红字》的⼥主⼈公)16. Symbolism in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter(《红字》的象征⼿法)17. Mark Twain: A Humorist(马克·吐温-------⼀位幽默⼤师)18. The Tragic Color of Ernest Hemingway’s Novels(海明威⼩说的悲剧⾊彩)19. Social Significance as Reflected in The Great Gatsby(《了不起的盖茨⽐》所反映的社会意义)20. O. Henry’s Artistic Animation as Seen in His Short Stories(欧·亨利短篇⼩说的艺术⼿法)21. A Critical Study of William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily: Its Narrative Techniques and Structure(福克纳《献给艾⽶莉的⼀⽀玫瑰》的叙事技巧与结构)22. Some Features of Steinbeck’s Literary Style(斯坦贝柯⽂学风格的⼏个特点)23. Emily Dickinson and Her Unique Poetry(艾⽶莉·迪⾦森与她独特的诗歌)24. An Analysis of Several Robert Frost’s Famous Poems(浅谈佛洛斯特的⼏⾸著名诗歌)25. Symbolism in O’Neill’s Major Plays(奥尼尔主要剧作的象征主义艺术)26. The Modern American Society and The Death of the Salesman(《推销员之死》与现代美国社会)27. A Comparative Study of Empathy in English and Chinese Poetry(英汉诗歌⾥的移情⽐较研究)28. A Comparative Analysis of Sentence Structures in English and Chinese Poetry(英汉诗歌句⼦结构⽐较分析)英语语⾳研究⽅向选题1. Sexism as Reflected in the Chinese and English Languages(英语和汉语中的性别歧视)2. Lexical Items as Means of Cohesion in English Texts(英语语篇中的词汇衔接⼿段)3. Lexical Cohesion in English(英语词语的接应关系)4. On English Oration as a Variety of Language(论英语演说词 )5. The Polite Language in the English Language 英语中的礼貌⽤语）6. Reflection on the English Taboo Words(谈英语的禁忌语)7. Remarks on Modern American Slang(略论现代美国俚语)8. The Different Usage of American Folk Language and Modern American Language( 美国俗语与美国现代语⾔的区别)9. A Comparative Analysis of British and American English(英式英语与美式英语⽐较)10. An Account of Advertising Language (⼴告⽤语⼀瞥)11. Stylistic Comparison Between Broadcast News and Newspaper News(英语⼴播新闻与报纸新闻⽂体⽐较)12. News Headlines: Their Features and Style(英语新闻标题的特⾊与⽂体风格)13. Stylistic Features of News Reporting(英语新闻报道的⽂体风格)14. A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Body Languages(中英⼿势语⽐较)15. Influences of Chinese Dialectic Accents over English Pronunciation(汉语⽅⾔对英语发⾳的影响)16. A Contrastive Analysis of English and Chinese Intonation(英汉语调⽐较分析)17. 浅析英美语调的结构和功能18. 英美标调符号系统分析和对⽐19. 谈英语语调的特点及其⽤途20. 英语读⾳的弱式与速度和节奏的关系21. 母语/⽅⾔对英语语⾳学习的影响22. Note on Ambiguity of English Language(论英语中的歧义)23. A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Proverbs(英语谚语与汉语谚语⽐较)24. A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Idioms(英语习语与汉语习语⽐较)25. Cursory Examination on English Onomatopoeia(英语拟声词浅论)26. On Commonization of Proper Nouns in English(论英语专有名词普通化)27. Noun-Verb Conversion in Contemporary English(现代英语中名词转化成动词的现象)28. Syntactic Functions of Prepositional Phrases(前置词短语的句法功能)29. A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Prepositions(英汉介词⽐较)30. On the English Verbal Fillers(谈英语与填空词)31. On the English Negative Sentences(论英语否定句)32. On the English Verbless Sentences(谈英语⽆动词句)33. On Simplification of English Sentences(谈英语句⼦的简化)34. A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Existential Sentences(英汉存在句⽐较)35. Positions of Attributes and Adverbials in English and Chinese: A Comparative Study(英汉定语和状语的位置⽐较)36. Studies in English Sentences of Implied Condition(英语的含蓄条件句)37. Tentative Study of Syllepsis in English(英语拈连法浅析)38. The Way of Expressing Emphatic Ideas in English(英语中表达强调意义的语⾔⼿段)39. On the Revival of Dead Metaphor(死喻的复活)40. Tendency of Modern Linguistics(现代语⾔的发展趋势)翻译研究⽅向选题1. The Great Translator Yan Fu(伟⼤的翻译家严复)2. Gu Hongming: A Pioneer of Translating the Chinese Classics into English(汉英翻译的先驱-------辜鸿铭)3. On the Principles of Equivalence in Literary Translation(论⽂学翻译中的等值原则)4. A Brief Comment on E. A. Nida’s Concept of Translation(浅谈奈达的翻译观)5. Cultural Gaps and Untranslatability(⽂化差异与不可预性)6. Translating and the Background Information(翻译与背景知识)7. A Preliminary Study of Explanatory Translating(解释性翻译初探)8. Translating the English Articles into Chinese(英语冠词汉译)9. Translating the English Plural Nouns into Chinese(英语复数名词汉译)10. Translating the Lengthy English Sentences into Chinese(英语长句汉译)11. On Translating English Book Titles into Chinese(谈英语书名汉译)12. A Brief Comment on the Several Chinese Versions of Jane Eyre(简评《简·爱》的⼏种汉译本)13. Views on the Chinese Version of Emma(关于汉译本《爱玛》的⼏点看法)14. The Chinese Version of Jude the Obscure: An Outstanding Example of Artistic Recreation(艺术再创造的范例------《⽆名的裘德》汉译本)15. Translating the Style of Literary Works----A Preliminary Study of Wu Ningkun’s Version ofThe Great Gatsby(⽂学作品的风格翻译------巫宁坤译《了不起的盖茨⽐》初探)16. A Comparative Study of Two Chinese Versions of The Merchant of Venice( 《威尼斯商⼈》两种译本⽐较)17. A Reading of Fang Zhong’s Translation of The Canterbury Tales(读⽅重译《坎特伯雷故事集》)18. On the English Versions of Some of Du Fu’s Poems(评杜甫诗歌英译)19. Translating the Titles of Chinese Classic Poetry(中国古典诗歌标题英译)20. Common Errors in Translation: An Analysis(常见翻译错误分析)21. English Idioms and the Translation(英语习语的解释)22. How to Deal with Ellipsis in Translating(翻译中如何处理省略⽤法)23. The Importance of Comprehension in Translating(理解对于翻译的重要性)24. The Importance of Knowledge in Translating(知识对于翻译的重要性)英语教学研究⽅向选题1. The Application of Phonological/Syntactic/Semantic Theory to ELT in Chinese Middle Schools(⾳位词/句法学/语⾳学理论在中国中学教学中的应⽤)2. The Application of Traditional/Structural/Transformational Linguistics to ELT in Chinese Middle Schools(传统语⾔学/结构语⾔学/转换语⾔学在中国中学英语教学中的应⽤)3. The Application of Theory of Behaviorism/ Cognitive Psychology to ELT in Chinese Middle Schools(⾏为主义/认知⼼理学理论在中国中学教学法中的应⽤)4. The Application of the Theory of Pragmatics/Discourse Analysis(语⽤学/话语分析理论应⽤)5. Teaching Grammar within a Communicative Framework(⽤交际法教语法)6. A Study on the Direct-Spelling Method(直接拼写法研究)7. 男⼥英语学习差异的研究8. 英语教学测试与素质教育9. 现⾏⾼校英语测试中的问题分析10. 外语优化实践教学模式的实验研究11. ⼤、中、⼩学英语衔接教学实验研究12. 互动、知会、情感三维模式实验研究13. 英能“板块、分层、合作”教学模式研究14. “多维组合”英语教学法探索研究15. ⼩学“双语”同步教改实验16. 张思中外语教学法的试验与推⼴研究17. 从⼀份问卷调查展望新世纪⼤学（中学、⼩学、幼⼉园）英语教学18. 汉语语⾔环境对学⽣英语学习过程的影响19. ⼤学⽣（中学⽣、）英语学习动机调查报告。
英美文学选读试题详解
英美文学选读-阶段测评3成绩：87.5分一、Multiple Choice 共40 题题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分wrence’s novels( )are generally regarded as his masterpieces.A、The Rainbow，Women in LoveB、The Rainbow，Sons and LoversC、Sons and Lovers，Lady Chatterley’s LoverD、Women in Love，Lady Chatterley’s Lover（P370.para2）劳伦斯的成名作是《儿子和情人》，而其代表作是《虹》和《恋爱中的女人》标准答案：A考生答案：A本题得分：2.5 分题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分T.S.Eliot’s poem( )is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream - of -consciousness technique,also a prelude to The Waste Land.A、“Prufrock”B、“Gerontion”C、The Hollow MenD、Lyrical Ballads（P358.para3）“Gerontion”是一部用戏剧式独白写成的诗歌，是《荒原》的前奏曲，也采用了意识流派的文风。
标准答案：B考生答案：B本题得分：2.5 分题号: 3 本题分数:2.5 分wrence’s autobiographical novel is( ).A、The RainbowB、Women in LoveC、Sons and LoversD、Lady Chatterley’s Lover（P369.para1）劳伦斯的作品大多都是从心理上去探求让人的本能的，同时也反映人性中最内在的东西。
其作品《儿子和情人》真实地反映了自己在童年时期的家庭状况，被视为其半自传体小说。
外国文学欣赏_D.H.Lawrence
civilization on the sensual tenderness of human nature
Passionate Love for Nature
Strongly advocated a return to nature, to a
Frank discussion of sex
Style
Fusion of realism and modernism
Traditional --- form Innovative --- combining psychic
exploration with social criticism Rich symbolic images Combine dramatic scenes with an authorial commentary
2. “S” curve structure
Gradually revealing “the long and half-
secret process” of a son’s develoopment away from his parents. Paul swings his sympathy from his mother towards his father The main line of Paul’s emotional development.
A reformed, determined Paul
The ending ,with the city’s gold
phosphorescence, signifies Paul’s choice of life over the “darkness” of death.
英语专业论文-On Paul Morel’s Deformed Love in Sons and Lovers
On Paul Morel’s Deformed Love in Sons and LoversI. IntroductionA. The Introduction About the Author—wrenceD. H. Lawrence, was one of the most original and controversial English writers of the 20th century. He was considered one of the “makes” o f modern English fiction.Lawrence take human relationship, especially that of men and women, as his major theme. His novels are full of scenes of sensuous beauty, with a lot of naturalistic details. His works turned out to be a challenge to conventional morality. And some people rejected them, especially Lady Chatterley’s Lover(1928), as pornographic. But his books are filled with ideas and they penetrate into the shadows of the human psyche. In his works, Lawrence showed the instinctual force in human nature and offered a critique of modern industrial society.Lawrence’s life time was short, but he left a lot of controversial and characteristic literary works. There are many descriptions of undisguised sexual activities in his works which are based on English native country, but its main intention is to express a keen criticism of society. Both social criticism and characters’ psychological exploration are the basic characteristics of Lawrence’s works. His first novel was Sons and Lovers (1913). His other enduring works are the Rainbow (1915), Women in Love (1920), The Lost Girl (1920), and so on, and the book that brought him his ill-fame was, of course, Lady Chatterley’s Lover. Up to now, there are many scholars who study his works, especially his Sons and Lovers. Some scholars research the religion of the book, and some talk about its pregnant meaning, and some argue the structure and style, even some survey the feminism in the book. This paper intends to talk about the main character, Paul’s love between Mrs. Morel, Miriam, and Clara.B. The Introduction About sons and loversSons and Lovers was the first of Lawrence’s major works, and is still considered to be one of his best. The 1913 novel was partly autobiographical and was set in the coalmining village of Bentwood. The parents of the central character, Paul, are Mr. and Mrs. Morel who are a vigorous and heavy-drinking miner and a well-educated, pretty intellectual respectively. We learn of Paul’s successful brother and sister, William and Annie, b ut are soon drawn into Paul’s world.Heis still in his teens but works in a factory producing surgical appliances but becomes sick and spends his time with Miriam Leviers who he falls in love with. Their love is made difficult by Miriam’s intense and religious nature and the fondness Paul’s mother has for him that is protective to the point of dependence. As Paul reaches his early twenties he becomes passionate and makes love to Miriam but this ecstasy spells the end for their relationship. The latter stages of the novel concern Paul’s next passion—Mrs. Clara Dawes—and her vengeful husband.In the end, with Mrs. Morel’s slow death, we find that the closest and most meaningful bond is held between mother and son. The novel is notable for being the first English novel to be genuinely working-class in origin and focus. This book has been regarded by critics as a brilliant illustration of Freud’s theory of Oedipus complex.II .Deformed Love—The Love Between Paul and His MotherA. Oedipus Complex and the Effect ion of Oedipus Complex in Sons and Lovers Oedipus complex is a Freudian term originating from a Greek tragedy, in which King Oedipus unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. 1According to Freud’s psychosexual development theory, children are born with powerful sexual urges. From 3 to 5, they become especially aware of the differences between themselves and members of the opposite sex. In this period, a child becomes a rival for the affections of the parent of the opposite sex. The boy wants to win his mother for himself, so he tends to be hostile to his father. The girl does exactly the opposite. However, neither the parent nor their children are aware of this. It is an unconscious process.In Sons and Lovers, Paul is the main character of Oedipus Complex. Paul hates his father. When he was a child, he often prays the God make his father die. When he grows up, he even treats his father with fists. Paul loves his mother. When was a little boy, he was closer with the mother than other children in the family. When he became a young man, he falls in love with Miriam. But his hearts and spirit are controlled by his mother. One day, he dates with Miriam and he arrives home late. His mother is so angry. At that time, he thinks he betrayed his mother. He always tells his mother that he will not marry forever because he wants to be with his mother. When he mother die, he even cried and called his mother “love”. Paul’s words and his behavior show that how he loves his mother and who his mother is in his heart.B. Paul’s love to his mother and Mother’s love to sonsPaul, who is the third child of Mrs. Morel, is more delicate and quiet than any other children with his pale faces, and looks older than the other children at the same age. So his illness tends to further his mother’s love upon him still more. He is very conscious of what other people feel, particularly his mother. When she frets, he can understand her, and can’t keep himself calm at the same time; his attention seems always to be centralized to her.Paul’s passions upon his mother and the mother’s upon him are quietly mutual. When he is together with his mother, his love spews like a fountain, and his inspiration flashes like a flame. Both the flowers he plucks and the rewards he gets are to be devoted to his mother, only for herself. They tell each other their feelings from their innermost world, and share the happiness and grievance with each other. This kind of emotion which excesses the normal one between mother and son reaches a climax when Mr. Morel (Paul’s father) is in hospital as a work accident. For example, he even says to his mother with joy: “I’m the man in the house now.” 2“They learned how perfect peaceful the home could be. And they almost regretted—though none of them would have owned to such callousness—that their father was soon coming back. ” 3 So Paul feels disappointed and fear again after his father comes backfrom hospital.Paul is nearly 20 years old, but his affection is completely controlled by his mother. He is hostile to his father, and often prays “Lord, let my father die.” 4 When he grows older, he even treats his father with fists. However, his mother is the most important and the only lofty person in his mind. Facing the intense conflicts between mother and Miriam, Paul thinks his most passionate love belongs to his beloved mother. It seemed to Paul that his mother looked lovely, in her new black silk blouse with its bit of white trimming. There is a short conversation from him to his mother: “At any rate, mother, I’ll never marry.” 5, which can show that he is involved into an inextricable trouble due to his love towards his mother. Paul always worries about a lot when he gets along with the other women because of the effects from his mother. He is with Miriam so closely and so often that makes the relationships of him and his parents more complex and brings new problems and trouble to him. He can’t control himself and handle it successful ly as his Oedipus complex is serious. So he loses the ability to love other women. He was afraid of her. The fact that he might want her as a man wants a woman had in him been suppressed into a shame. When she shrank in her convulsed, coiled torture from the thought of such a thing, he had winced to do depths of his soul. And now this “purity” prevented even their first love kiss. It was as if she could scarcely stand the shock of physical love, even a passionate kiss, and then he was too shrinking and sensitive to give it.” 6The woman who will stay with him in his mind is only his mother instead of his later wife: “But I shan’t marry, mother. I shall live with you, and we’ll have a servant.” 7 In his eyes, his mother is his only beloved woman.Paul’s fr iend Miriam and Mrs. Morel have many similarities in their personalities. Just as Mrs. Morel, she is not only educated, but also full of confidence and independent spirits, and at times keeps Paul in a coordinative position. Since Paul considers her as the substitute of his mother, he can’t have a normal a manorial relation with Miriam. He hates her because she makes him contempt himself in some way. When he stays with Miriam, he misses his mother. His deepest love belongs to his mother. When he feels that he hurts her or hurts the love devoted to her, he can’t bear. His mother looks like a magnetic pole that prevents him getting away from her. Paul can’t help missing his mother for a long time after her death, because he loses the power which supports his life. He ever struggles in order to break away from his mother’s controlling, but he fails. The complex love from the son to his mother has existed to the end of the novel. At the beginning, Paul can take good care of his mother when she is ill down, but as time goes by, he and his sister can’t stand to see their beloved mother live in such pain so that they give her an extra dosage of morphine in their mother’ cup. Then Mrs. Morel dies.So he gets himself into trouble again, he seemingly realizes that he never lives by his own will and his own way, he never leads a real life for himself. He not only feels that he can’t live without her but also feels if she lives, he can’t live independently. But when he accelerates his mother’s death personally, he cries again and again: “My love my love—oh, my love!”8 According to Paul’s words,we know that how he love his mother and who is his mother in his heart.Mrs. Morel, mother of the sons, is the major character, who comes from a good burglar family, civilized and educated well. She also has refined manners comparing with the vulgar women in Bottoms. Her husband is from a lower class. He is a struggling coal miner and a heavy drinker. They have nothing in common. In fact, their marriage life is very frustrated which is full of conflicts. This is why the mother love her sons are deformed.As Mrs. Morel loses her husband’s love, she slowly inexorably transfers her emotions to her children. In her eyes, her sons are her lovers who take position of her husband. She wants to win her son’s love that she can’t get from her husband in order to make up her emotional gap. Her personal abnormal emotion is the direct factor for Paul’s Oedipus complex.When William falls in love with a beautiful girl, the girl often write love letters for him. And the handsome boy usually read these letters for his mother and other family members. At that time, his mother feels very sad and jealousy. And the mother also ridicules William and Lily’s love. There is an obvious thing reflects it. One day, William took a letter which from Lily with joy. He smelled the paper and also felt very excited. He also asked the other members to smell it .But his mother said “Ha, isn’t that a silly thing?”9 These words reflect the mother’s dissatisfaction. The mother always wants her sons lived with her forever. When William went to London for job, his mother felt very lonely. And often looked at the road William go home. At last, William passed out. The mother has the feeling that is pain and despair. After going through these, the mother give all his love to the second son—Paul. Only because she thinks she is the only son, just the son of the most dependent on her.In fact, she has been loved Paul most. William dies at all before this. She doesn’t want her sons date with other woman. When Mrs. Morel finds that Paul has been with Miriam very closely, she is afraid that Miriam will absorb him and take him away from her, so shouts at her son enviously: “I can’t bear it. I could put up with another woman—but not her. Sh e’d leave me no room, not a bit of room.” 10 Obviously, Mrs. Morel really wants to take up her son’s emotion only for herself. When Miriam often dates with Paul, Mrs. Morel can’t control her envious feeling again. At a time, she says to Paul angrily: “Is t here nobody else to talk to?—Yes, I know it well—I am old, and therefore I may stand aside; I have nothing more to do with you. You only want me to wait on you—the rest is for Miriam.”11In order to occupy Paul’s whole soul, the mother even vows to Paul:“I have never—you know, Paul—I have never had a husband—not really—”12From the analysis above, we can know it’s the mother’s abnormal maternity that caters to, even strengthens Paul’s Oedipus complex which comes into being naturally and normally when he wa s a baby according to Freud’s theory. In another word, mother’s abnormal maternity is the origin or the basic cause to Paul’s abnormal feeling.C. The Influence of This Deformed LoveAccording to Freud’s viewpoint, Paul’s Oedipus complex is very severe. Althoughhe grows up, he can’t transcend the love between the baby and mother; he can’t build up a right superego concept to control his instinctive impulsion which goes against morality and ethics; and can’t make his emotion develop healthily. This deformed love, not only happen at a party. Sons not only adhere to the mother, the mother is also deeply controlled sons life. As well as at both sides at a time when love is not recognized, everything is at a loss. William died, his mother desperate. Paul and Miriam move with a date. Mother felt her son betrayed her love. After dating with Miriam, Paul often feels he betrayed his mother. This abnormal love let the son‘s future love to be controlled. This control lasted until the mother die, Paul, have not been freed.III. Spiritual Love — The Love Between Paul and MiriamA. Paul’s Antinomy in Their LovePaul, who is the second sons of Gertrude, because of influencing by his mother’s deformed love, he can’t make himself gives the whole love to his friend, Miriam. When he stays with Miriam, he could feel the love pleasure, but he also feels the contradictory. Because he always thinks he has betrayed his mother after dating with the beautiful girl. On one hand, he thinks his mother is a tragic person, and he must trade her better to replace his father, take care of the mother. On the other hand, he thinks not only in spirit with her love, more hope that there is physical contact.Miriam on the subordination of the flesh so that Paul sees their relationship is spiritual, rather than the perfect combination of Body and Soul. “Even though she worship him at any other aspect, but actually ,she doesn’t need Paul as a Man.”13Just as Mrs. Morel said,“She will never make him become a man, never!”14 Although these words are Mrs. Morel wanted to destroy their relationship, Paul is indeed feels into the deep attachment to his mother and the requirement of together with Miriam both made him couldn’t be able to extricate him. But now, Paul’s Oedipus Complex is put to the second placeman the pursuit of mental and physical life of passion is the first. It is this strong passion in general prompted him to decide to leave Miriam, because he knew that keeping the relationship with this kind of angel couldn't make him happy.Paul to Miriam is a kind of psychological, platonic love, after eating the fruit of the Garden of Eden, he feel it is difficult to keep their love. At last, he had no choice but gave up.B. Miriam’s Contradiction in Their LoveMiriam Leavers, Paul’s teenage friend and sweetheart, is modeled after Lawrence’s own young love, Jessie Chambers. As Jessie is with Lawrence, Miriam is Paul’s devoted helpmate in his artistic and spiritual quests. Beautiful as she is she takes no pleasure in her physical attributes. Her whole life is geared toward heaven and a mystical sense of nature. Paul and Miriam’s first bond is their mutual love of nature, both of them enjoys idyllic country walks. Miriam is anthropomorphic, she has been brought up by a truly god fearing mother (the sort that thinks that we have only been put upon this Earth to suffer). She is cut off from ordinary life by her religious intensity which makes the world for her either a nunnery gardenor a paradise. It is in this atmosphere of subtle intimacy, the meeting in their common feeling for something in nature that makes their love start. However Paul comes to feel that Miriam wants to absorb nature while he just wants to live in absorb with it. He even feels that Miriam wants to absorb his life as well she was expecting some religious state in him and always ignores his passion. Miriam hates to be considered as weak sex or inferior to man, her pride and prejudice are beyond all the other woman characters in the novel. Miriam’s new woman style is also showed in her scorns for and “envy” of male sex. For example, she fight with her brothers whom she considers brutal louts, and she doesn’t hold her father in too high esteem because he does not carry any mystical ideals cherished in his heart, but only wants to have as easy a time as he can, and eats his meals when she is ready for them .Her dialogue with Paul about chance is convincing “I want to do something. I want a chance like anybody else .Why should I, because I’m a girl, be kept at home and not allowed to be anythin g? What chances HAVE I?” 15“Chance of what”\ “Of knowing anything, of learning of doing anything. It’s not fair, because I’m a woman.”\ “But it’s as well to be a woman as a man” he said, frowning. \ “Ha, Is it Men have everything? I should think women o ught to be as glad to be women as men are to be men,” he answered, “No”, she shook her head , “Not Everything the men have.” 16Miriam complains of the unfairness of gender .Her hope to be a princess, though sounds romantic, implies a wish to be respected .In the man dominated society; man is actually the king, while woman is not queen or princess but subjects ruled by them. Miriam’s bitterness lies in here.Miriam’s fierce wish to be a man must be rather strange to Victorian men. As Paul wonders, in his own home Annie was almost glad to be a girl. She had not so much responsibility things were lighter for her .She never wanted to be other than a girl, thus woman should have felt lucky. The unhappy relationship between Miriam and Paul is the logical result of conflict between feminism and Paternity of the time .Lawrence endows Miriam with the thought of being stronger than man which sounds an ambition of the time. For example, when Paul is ill, she felt he would be weak .Then she would be stronger than him then she could love him. If she could be mistress of him in his weakness ,take care of him ,if he could depend on her, if she could ,as it were, have him in her arms, how ,she would love him. This ambition from the other side exposes the timid ness in woman’s pursuit for a higher or an equal position, in other words they hesitate to assert their equal ability to man. Miriam who always expects “the world would have a different face for her and a deepened respect” 17swallows her ambition, and only dares to think about it when man is physically weak. Woman like Miriam dooms to be a loser because she lacks confidence in her spiritual power However, Lawrence hopes that woman could claim their desire normally and openly, or else she will not only disappointed herself but be even impossible to be accepted by man. The paragraphs that describe herself but be even impossible to be accepted by man .The paragraphs that describe the farewell meeting between Miriam and Paul is a sound example.“She felt that now he lay at h er mercy. If she could rise, take him, put her armsround him, and say, ‘You are mine’, then he would leave himself to her. But dare not, she could easily sacrifice herself. But dare she assert herself.”18 But now, she dares not put her arms round it take it up and say “It is mine, this body. Leave it to me”. 19 And she wanted to. It called to all her woman’s instinct. But she crouched, and dared not own him. She was afraid he would not let her. She was afraid it was too much. It laid there, his body abandoned. She knew she ought to take it up and claim it, and claim every right to it. But could she do it? Her impotence before him, before the strong demand of some unknown thing in him, was her extremity. She could not cope with it, with him, she knew not with what. But it strained her till she felt she would break. It was the end then between them. She could not take him and relieve him of the responsibility of himself. She could only sacrifice herself to him sacrifice herself every day gladly. And that he did not she wants. He wanted her to hold him and say with joy and authority.The two warring sides to Miriam — her love of Paul Morel and her resistance to her feelings including the sexual one towards him decide that her love for Paul must become an “anguished sweetness”. On the one hand, she is glad to be with Paul; on the other hand, she hides or oppresses her will to possess him bodily and spiritually because of a lack of confidence. In general , Miriam treats her own wishes with to much moral seriousness of the time, the wish that ever differs her from traditional woman is produced with Victorian marks from the verybeginning .She hopes to be stronger than Paul but is always ready to die for the souls of men. In Paul’s eyes, Miriam is negative in their re lationship. His free will is always disciplined by Miriam’s mystical ideas. He is naturally so young and their intimacy is so abstract. He is afraid of her because her piety and purity is like an invisible power which forces him to treat it a shame when he wants her as a man wants a woman. So when Miriam shrinks in her convulsed coils torture from the thought of such a thing he winces to the depths of his soul .Miriam is so cut off from her instinctive sexuality that she can scarcely stand the shock of physical love. It is precisely because of Miriam can’t overcome the psychological barriers, so, it makes she and Pail’s love get finally short-lived.IV. Sexual Love —The Love Between Paul and ClaraA. Clara’s Love to PaulClara Dawes is the sensuous older woman who comes to replace Miriam as the love interest in Paul’s life. It is with Clara that Paul learns the importance of sex as humanity deepest link with nature. Besides her physical attractiveness, she is figured as open and independent as a new woman. She leaves her husband for his brutality and unfaithfulness to marriage she earns her own living and dares to have an extramarital affair she is extraordinarily intelligent with a good critical mind Clara almost rebels all those values of her time and overthrows the traditional image of woman. Unlike Miriam Clara is bursting with a lusty passion. She is Paul’s match for fearlessness sensuality and intelligence. She relinquishes all herself to Paul when she falls in love. Comparing with Miriam’s unchangeable aloofness and sensitivity, Clara’s frankness is more real and welcomed. Some readers feel that Clara is the least successful of the major characters in Sons and Lovers. They believeshe comes across merely as a vehicle for Paul’s passion. We can not come t o terms with the opinion. Clara is not only a woman with normal desires but a woman serous in love. For example, she refuses Paul’s sexual wants the first day he visits her home. She is upset when Paul tells her not to ask about the future after they have been very intimate. Lawrence appreciates love out of instinct. Clara is exactly of the kind. Firstly she becomes Paul’s lover out of the mutual physical attraction between them; secondly, she soothes Paul like a child out of the instinct of maternity. However, Paul thinks that he loves Clara when he is with her, and is indifferent toward her when not with her. The sharp contrast between Paul and Clara’s love motivation predicts the fall of their relationship. It again suggests man’s moral standard is somewh at spoiled by their active position in the society, they make the days a misery to woman, but the evenings and the nights “were usually a bliss to them” both. Man always has the final say. Clara for instance is indeed passionately in love with Paul, but Paul is with her as far as passion goes. In the daytime, Paul forgot her a good deal. She was working in the same building, but he was not aware of it. He was busy and her existence was of not matter to him. But all the time Clara had a sense that he was upstairs a physical sense of his person in the same building. Every second she expected him to come through the door. It maddens her to hear Paul’s mechanical voice giving orders about the work. She wanted to break through the sham of it smash the trivial coating of business which covered him with hardness get at the man. We wonder is it woman who is too passionate or man who is too much mincing.In the love between Clara and Paul, Paul also feels very confusing. On one hand, He depend Clara’s beautiful boy, but on the other hand, he can’t give her the spiritual love, which has controlled by his mother. Because of his mother, he can’t build the normal love relationship with other women. So, Paul and Carla’s love is doomed to fail.B. Paul’s Antinomy and the Dependent Mentality to Clara’s Beautiful BodyAt the first time of Paul meeting Carla, Carla’s cynical and arrogant attitude of indifference to him left a deep impression on him. With the deepening of contacts, Paul found that she in fact had a very desire of the man’s love and appeasement. Because the marriage between Carla and her husband is a failure. Between them is still a physical love. When Paul asked her whether she and her husband married for love, she said, “ I think I love him—or more or less has s ome love. I didn’t think that at that time. He needs me so I married him. I knew nothing in those days.”20Carla’s whole life real a sleepy life. Her husband did not awaken her, she needs someone to awaken her, and so she needs Paul.When the first time to meet Karla, Paul felt “the vitality of men suddenly wake up”21. He thinks that she seems to have“a never-ending passion burning”. He couldn’t love an angel like Miriam from body, but he could love a woman like Clara who is an earthly woman and go wake-up the feelings of her slumber. Paul seems to have found his ideal love. They contact more and more closely, and he attempts to seek “a kind of passion fire in their sex”22. He not just wants to get him to meet the physical, but is more important to seek the true meaning of life. He haswon enough intellect and spirit from his mother and Miriam. Clara and her passion for Paul are new. Thus, he can’t help being attracted. The sexual love between Clara and Paul made them experience the pleasure, and their love has been sublimated. Clara started to realize that she is a real woman, but after the proud, satisfaction, enthusiasm, she began to ask for more. What she need is not only physical integration, but also must communication of spirit. However, they are difficult to communicate in the spiritual dimension. Paul thinks that Clara is only giving him short and fresh satisfaction in sex, but she can not stabilize his soul. So soon after the waning of his passion, making love become more and more mechanical, and no longer a kind of magical charm. “Paul started dies like her, and he told his mother,“She makes me feel special tired, Mum.” 23 Finally, they broke up. In the end, setting up the love on sex make Paul’s ideal in the pursuit of love on the road once again fa iled. V. Tragedies Caused By LoveIn this novel, there are several kinds of loves. And the love affects all of the persons. And at last, their love ended in failure. Mrs. Morel and her husband’s love fell, at the beginning of their love, they are very happy. But with her dream shattered, their love was disillusionment. Because the two persons’ contradiction, the tragedy extended to the next generation. The Mother’s failure marriage made her abnormal. She loves her sons, she gave all her love to the sons, but she also wanted to control them, especially control their love life. The eldest sons William loves a girl, she felt jealousy. At last, William dies. William’s death imputes to the mother’s deformed love. After William’s death, she gave all her love to Paul. Her love not only leaded the failure love between Paul and Miriam but also caused the failure love between Paul and Clara. After Mrs. Morel’s death, Paul couldn’t live a normal life. He also couldn’t get out of the shadow of the mother. This for a son undoubted is a tragedy.Paul and Miriam’s spiritual love also caused a tragedy end. Miriam pursuits the pure spiritual love. She loves the God and Paul. In her heart, she loves Paul like she loves God and all the things makes by the God. This is not real love between man and woman. Although Miriam makes a concession by dedicating her body, their love also had a failure end.Paul and Clara, at the very beginning of their love time, they appreciate with each other’s body. However, times past, Paul and Clara find that they can’t control their love and the spirits of each other. Because they are lake of spirit communication .Paul decided to break up their tired relationship.From these kinds of love, we know Paul is the most tragedy person in the novel. In the end, some people die, some people find the correct way of life, but Paul, he also can’t live a normal life. This is what we call tragedy which caused by love. VI. ConclusionAt the moment, it’s very clear for us to know there are three kinds of love in So ns and Lovers. The behind two types of love are caused by the first one. In other words, Paul’s failure love caused by his Oedipus Complex. From another aspect, tragedies are caused by disharmony—the two gender’s disharmony. Mrs. Morel and Mr. Morel’s marriage was disharmony. They are from different classes, though they love each other。
《查泰莱夫人的情人》中劳伦斯的人性观
《查泰莱夫人的情人》中劳伦斯的人性观Lawrence's View on Humanity in LadyC hatterley’s LoverAbstract: This thesis is about Lawrence’s view on humanity in his most controversial novel Lady Chatterley’s Lover. Once this novel was considered aspornography because Lawrence’s frank treatment of sex and the descriptionof the relationship between the sexes. The paper is to prove his view onhumanity in his novel from three aspects: an analysis of the setting of thenovel; an analysis of the characters; and an analysis of the male and femalerelationship. Through Lady Chatterley’s Lover,Lawrence criticized thesociety which was twisted by the industrial civilization and he recalled thehumanity in that society.Key words: Lady Chatterley’s Lover; industrial civilization; humanity; sex摘要：本论文通过劳伦斯最具争议的小说《查泰莱夫人的情人》来分析劳伦斯的人性观。
因劳伦斯开诚布公的谈论性爱以及对两性关系的描写，此小说曾被视为色情书刊。
英国文学知识
II. The English Renaissance
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5. Christopher Marlowe: “university wits”; The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus, Tamburlaine, The Jew of Malta; blank verse (rhymeless iambic pentameter) as the principle instrument of English drama 6. William Shakespeare: 37 plays, 154 sonnets, 2 narrative poems; four great tragedies; four important comedies (A Midsummer’s Dream, As You Like It, The Twelfth Night, Merchant of Venice); Two remarkable historical plays (Henry IV, Henry V) 7. Ben Johnson: Volpone or the Fox (satirical comedy 《狐狸》); literary king of his time; poet Laureate of James I; a forerunner of classicism
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•••Fra bibliotekI. Old and Medieval English Literature II. The English Renaissance III. The Seventeenth Century (Literature of the Revolution Period: age of Milton; Literature of the Restoration Period: age of Dryden) IV. The Eighteenth Century (Enlightenment; NeoClasscism; Novelists of realistic tradition and novelists of sentimental tradition; Preromanticism and sentimentalism; drama in the 18th century) V. English Romanticism VI. English Critical Realism VII. Modern English Literature
David-Herbert-Lawrence
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❖ The Origin of Oedipus Complex （恋母情结）
❖ In one of the ancient Greece and Rome mythologies there
was a prophecy that the new prince of Oedipus realm
D.H. Lawrence（劳伦斯）
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Life.
❖ As an innovator of psychological fiction and one of the most original and controversial writers of the early 20th century, D. H. Lawrence changed the traditional ways of thinking and feeling about human relationships and revealed the deepest instincts of human nature through his novels.
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❖ His mother , better educated than her husband, made every effort to raise the cultural level of her children to lift them out of working class. Disappointed in marriage by her husband’s coarse and drunken behaviors, she concentrated all her love on her two sons, and after the death of the elder son, on Lawrence himself who, in turn, acted as lover and protector. He had a deep feeling with his mother which was different from normal one. This kind of mother-son relationship as presented in his autobiographical novel（自传体小说）, sons and lovers, had a great influence on Lawrence’s life and frustrated his relationships with other women.
专业人才向管理的角色转变试题答案
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观看课程测试成绩：分。
恭喜您顺利通过考试！单选题1. 下列选项中，关于专业技术人员与管理人员的区别，表述错误的是：√A管理人员关注的是工作是否完成B专业技术人员思维模式较为单一C专业技术人员的观念是非黑即白D管理人员看重管理中的哲学和艺术正确答案：A2. 下列选项中，不属于专业人员转型为管理人员，需要克服的角色认知障碍的是：√A追求技术完美B不打无准备之仗C亲力亲为D强将手下必弱兵正确答案：D3. 在实际管理中，更需要理论倾向操纵技能的管理者层级是：√A高层管理B中层管理C前线管理D一线管理正确答案：A4. 在中层管理者的工作职责中，最重要的是：√A做B想C说D计划正确答案：B5. 下列选项中，不属于管理者作为“资源分配者”角色的主要活动是：√A调度B授权C询问D制定战略正确答案：D6. 下列选项中，不属于管理者职能的是：√A计划B执行C领导D控制正确答案：B7. 下列选项中，不属于管理者做计划时必须考虑的因素是：√A资源B目的C目标D资金正确答案：D8. 作为“领导者”的角色，首先需要展开的工作是：√A给员工培训B熟悉内部人员C激励下属D考虑企业目标正确答案：B9. 下列选项中，不属于管理者人际关系中角色典范的是：√A傀儡B领导者C传播者D联络者正确答案：C10. 管理者与专业技术人员最大的不同在于：√A做计划B做决策C做领导D管理正确答案：B判断题11. 管理者在工作上常常从深处、细微处着眼。
此种说法：√正确错误正确答案：错误12. 作为管理人才，通常会在准备尚未充足的情况下作出决定。
此种说法：√正确错误正确答案：正确13. 客户需求多元化，会使管理者发展成为专业人才。
此种说法：√正确错误正确答案：错误14. 组织职能即通过监督、指挥、培训和激励下属，带领其完成任务的过程。
此种说法：×正确错误正确答案：错误15. 对于管理者而言，是否扮演好管理者的角色，是由员工来定义。
D.H.Lawrence劳伦斯
Born in at a mining village in Nottinghamshire. His father was a coal miner with little education; but his mother , once a school teacher, was from a somewhat higher class, who came to think that she had married beneath her and desired to raise the cultural level of her sons so as to help them escape from the life of coal miners. The conflict between the earthly, coarse, energetic but often drunk father and the refined, strongwilled and up-climbing mothers vividly presented in his autobiographical novel, Sons and Lovers
produhciessmpoatrhaelyr,zGinegrtreuffdeects on hisMroerlealtionships with other women like MiriaMmiriam and Chliasrelo.vers
Clara
原名《保罗·莫瑞尔》，描写矿工 莫瑞尔一家在工业社会环境中的 不幸遭遇，集中地表现了青年时 期劳伦斯同父母及第一个情人杰 茜之间的感情经历，是一部带有 自传性的作品。不仅描写了个人 同家庭、社会、等级、宗教和道 德等方面的冲突，隐含着人与自 然，自然与文明的矛盾冲突。而 且还具有“成长小说”的特征， 保罗脱离“母体”
英国文学期末考试题四川大学锦江学院
英国文学期末考试题四川大学锦江学院I. Multiple Choice（50 points in all, 1for each）Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completesthe statement. Write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.The sentence "Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?"is the beginning line of one ofShakespeare’s .A. comediesB. tragediesC. sonnetsD. histories2.The major concern of fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of hischaracters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalistindustrialization on human nature.A. Charles Dickens’sB. D. H. Lawrence’ｓC. Thomas Hardy’sD. John Galsworthy’ｓ3.Daniel Defoe describes as a typical English middle-class man of the eighteenth century, thevery prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist.A. Tom JonesB. GulliverC. Moll FlandersD. Robinson Crusoe4."She lived unknown, and few could knowWhen Lucy ceased to be;But she is in her grave, and, oh,The difference to me?""She Dwelt The word "me" in the last line of the above stanza quoted from Wordsworth’s poem Among the Untrodden Ways" may possibly refer to .A. the poetB. the readerC. her one-sided loverD. everybody5. is a typical feature of Sw ift’s writings.A. Bitter satireB. Elegant styleC. Casual narrationD. Complicated sentence structure6.The statement "It reveals the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminalunderworld life" may well sum up the main theme of Dickens’s .A. David CopperfieldB. Bleak HouseC. Great ExpectationsD. Oliver Twist7."Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? ... Andif God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for meto leave you."The above quoted passage is most probable taken from .A. Pride and PrejudiceB. Jane EyreC. Wuthering HeightsD. Great Expectations8.The short story“Eveline”is one of the stories in James Joyce’s collection .A. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManB. UlyssesC. Finnegans WakeD. Dubliners9.In William Blake’s poetry, the father (and any other in whom he saw the image of the fathersuch as God, priest, and king) was usually a figure of .A. benevolenceB. admirationC. loveD. tyranny10.After reading the first chapter of Pride and Prejudice, we may come to know that Mrs. Bennet isa woman of .A. simple character and quick witB. simple character and poor understandingC. intricate character and quick witD. intricate character and poor understandingfor more, Oliver11.“For a week after the commission of the impious and profane offence of askingOliver Twist) What did remained a close prisoner in the dark and solitary room ...”(Dickens,Oliver ask for?A. More time to play.B. More food to eat.C. More book to read.D. More money to spend.is a (n) .12.Christopher Marlow’ｓ“The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”A. pastoral lyricB. elegyC. folk songD. epicthere is a apparent touch in his description of the simple and13.In Hardy’s Wessex novels,beautiful though primitive rural life.A. humorousB. romanticC. nostalgicD. sarcastic“Brobdingnag,”14.In which of the following works can you find the proper names “Lilliput,”“Houyhnhnm,” and “Yahoo”?Ulysses. B. Charles Dickens’sBleak House.A. James Joyce’sWomen in love.s Travels. D. D. H. Lawrence’sGulliver’C. Jonathan Swift’s"Ode to the West Wind" with all the15.We can perhaps describe the west wind in Shelley’s poemfollowing terms except .A. tamedB. swiftC. proudD. wild16.“When the evening is spread out against the sky Like a patient etherized upon a table.”(T.s.) What does the image in the quoted lines suggest?Eliot, “The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock”A. Violence.B. Horror.C. Inability.D. Indifference.17.Which of the following qualifies does NOT feature Jane Austen's style?A.Austen's main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships.B.Everything in Austen's novel results in an observation, of a quiet, uneventful and contentedlife of the English country.C.Austen is a great realist and her characters are from all walks of life.D.Austen's works show clearly her firm belief in the predominance of reason over passion.18.The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic pictureof the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks oflife is most likely .Piers Plowman B. Geoffrey Chaucer’ｓThe Canterbury TalesA. William Langland’sConfession Amantis D. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. John Gower’19." Damn the fool! There he is’, cried Heathcliff, sinking back into his seat. ’HusHush, hush, Catherine! I’ll stay. If he shot me so, I’d expire with a blessing in my lips.novel from which the passage is taken must be .Pride and PrejudiceA.Jane Austen’sThe Old Curiosity ShopB.Charles Dickens’sPamelaC.Samuel Richa rdson’sWuthering HeightsD.Emily Bronte’s20.James Joyce is the author of all the following novels except .A. DublinersB. Jude the ObscureC. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManD. Ulysses21.Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious aless sympathetic but more ironic and more .A. rationalB. humorousC. optimisticD. pessimistic22."He was afraid of her - the small, severe woman with graying hair suddenly bursting out in suchfrenzy. The postman came running back, afraid something had happened. They saw his trippedcap over the short curtains. Mrs. Morel rushes to the door." The above passage is taken from.Domebey and SonThe Professor B. Ch arles Dickens’ｓA. Charlotte Bronte’sThe Forsyte SagaC. D. H. Lawrence ’s Sons and Lovers D. John Galsworthy’s23.Tess of the D’Urbervilles, one of Thomas Hardy’s best known novels, portrays man as.A. being hereditarily either good or badB. being self-sufficientC. having no control over his own fateD. still retaining his own faith in a world of confusion24.Romance, which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of adventures or other heroicdeeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A. ChristianB. KnightlyC. GreekD. Primitive25."Bassanio: Antonio, I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, my wife, and all the world,Are not with me esteem’d above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all,Here to the devil, to deliver you.Portia: Your wife would give you little thanks for that,If she were by to hear you make the offer."The Merchant of Venice. The quoted The above is a quotation taken from Shakesp eare’s comedypart can be regarded as a good example to illustrate .A. dramatic ironyB. personificationC. simileD. symbolism26."If Winter comes, can spring be far behind?"is an epigrammatic line by .A. J. KeatsB. W. BlakeC. W. WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley27.The Victorian Age was largely and age of , eminently represented by Dickens andThackeray.A. poetryB. dramaC. proseD. novel28.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?A. To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.B. To put the stress on traditional values.C. To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and his environment.D. To advocate a conscious break with the past.29."And we will sit upon the rocks, /Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks, /By shallow rivers towhose falls/ Melodious birds sing madrigals." The above lines are probably taken from .Paradise LostA. John Milton’s"The Sun Rising"B. John Donne’s"Sonnet 18"C. Shakespeare’ｓ"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love"D. Marlowe’s30.The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the in theAmerican literary history.A. individual feelingsB. idea of survival of the fittestC. strong imaginationD. return to nature31.The essence of humanism is to .A. restore a medieval reverence for the churchB. avoid the circumstances of earthly lifeC. explore the next world in which men could live after deathD. emphasize human qualities32.The poetic view of can be best understood from his remark about poetry, that is, "allgood poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings."A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. John KeatsC. William WordsworthD. Percy Bysshe Shelly33.In his poem, "Ode to the West Wind," Shelley intends to present his wind as a centralaround which the poem weaves various cycles of death and rebirth.A. conceptB. symbolC. simileD. personificationhis deepest tone, speaking in 34.“Come to me－come to me entirely now,” said he ; and added, inhappiness－I will make yours.” The above my ear as his cheek was laid on mine, “Make mypassage presents a scene in .Jane EyreA. Emily Bronte’sWithering Height s B. Charlotte Bronte’sTess of the D′ Urbervilles The Forsyte Saga D. Thomas Hardy’sC. John Galswo rthy’s35.Which of the following best describes the nature of Thomas Hardy’s later works?A. Sentimentalism.B. Tragic sense.C. Surrealism.D. Comic sense.36.A possible theme of James Joyce’s short story"Araby" is .A. hopeB. disillusionmentC. puppy loveD. loss37.The Normans brought the Mediterranean civilization, include to England.A. Greek cultureB. Roman lawC. the Christian religionD. all of above38.The Enlighteners believed in EXCEPT .A.They believed in self-restraint, self-reliance and hard work.B.They believed in God and fate.C.They celebrated reason/rationality, equality and science.D.They advocated universal education, which could make people rational and perfect, theybelieved.39.In the poem “A violet by a mossy stone Half hidden from the eye!－Fair as a star, when onlyone Is shining in the sky.” What literary devices are used?A. simile and personificationB. simile and metaphorC. metaphor and symbolD. simile and pun40.In Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice, Antonio could not pay back the money he borrowed fromShylock, because .A．his money was all invested in the newly-emerging textile industryB．his enterprise went bankruptC．Bassanio was able to pay his own debtD．his ships had all been lost41. In the first part of Gulliver’s Travels, Gulliver told his experience in .A. BrobdingnagB. LilliputC. Flying IslandD. Houyhnhnm42. All of the following novels by Thomas Hardy reveal the conflict between the traditional and themodern EXCEPTA. The Mayor of CasterbridgeB. Tess of the D’UrbervillesC. Jude the ObscureD. Under the Greenwood Tree43. D. H. Lawrence’s novel is a rema rkable novel in which the individual consciousness i ssubtly revealed and strands of themes are intricately wound up.A. Sons and LoversB. The RainbowC. Woman in LoveD. Lady Chatterley’s Lover44. All of the following plays are among Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies EXCEPT。
全国自考(英美文学选读)模拟试卷17
全国自考（英美文学选读）模拟试卷17(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：40，分数：80.00)1.The belief of the eighteenth-century neoclassicists in England led them to seek the following EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）A.proportionB.graceC.harmonyD.spirit √解析：解析：新古典主义者们对文学作品的观点使该时期的作家在创作时寻求表达与措辞上的协调、统一、和谐与典雅。
2."Graveyard School" writers are the following sentimentalists of______.（分数：2.00）A.James Thomson and William Collins √B.William Collins and William BlakeC.Robert Burns and James ThomsonD.Thomas Jackson and James Thomson解析：解析：感伤派诗人，或曰“古墓派诗人”有詹姆新-汤姆森、威廉-考林斯和威廉-柯柏等。
3.The most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English is Samson Agonistes by______.（分数：2.00）A.John Milton √B.William BlakeC.Henry FieldingD.William Wordsworth解析：解析：弥尔顿的《力士参孙》是古希腊诗剧体在英语中的完美体现。
4.The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and ______.（分数：2.00）A.Elizabethan dramaB.poetryC.reformationD.assimilation √解析：解析：莎士比亚最重要的喜剧是《威尼斯商人》。
4. 2015 5 英国文学 B卷试卷
课程编号:99900145北京理工大学2014-2015 学年第二学期英国文学期末试题B卷班级学号姓名成绩I. Multiple Choice（50 points in all, 1for each）Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answer the question or completes the statement. Write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.The Renaissance refers to between 14 th ---mid--17 th century ,which was under the reign ofQueen and absolute monarchy in England reached its summit, and in which the real mainstream was drama.A. VictoriaB. ElizabethC. MaryD. James2."So much the worse for me, that I am strong. Do I want to live? What kind of living will it bewhen you -oh, God! Would you like to live with your soul in the grave?"In the above passage quoted from Emily Bronte’s "Wuthering Heights", the word "soul"apparently refers to________.A. HeathcliffB. CatherineC. Catherine’s ghostD. one’s sp iritual life3.The essence of Renaissance, the most significant intellectual movement, was ______.A. geographical explorationB. religious reformationC. publishing and translationD. humanism4.Shakespeare’s greatest tragedie s are the following works except _________ .A. HamletB. King LearC. Romeo and JulietD. Othello5.Daniel Defoe describes____ as a typical English middle-class man of the eighteenth century, thevery prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist.A. Tom JonesB. GulliverC. Moll FlandersD. Robinson Crusoe6.__________ is not written by John Milton.A. Samson AgonistesB. Paradise lostC. Paradise Regained D .Tamburlaine7.Although _______ was essentially a medieval writer, he bore marks of humanism andanticipated a new era of literature to come.A. William LanglandB. John GowerC. Geoffrey ChaucerD. Edmund Spenser8.The poetic view of ______ can be best understood from his remark about poetry, that is, "allgood poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings."A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. John KeatsC. William WordsworthD. Percy Bysshe Shelly9.The statement "It reveals the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminalunderworld life" may well sum up the main theme of Dickens’s____ .A. David CopperfieldB. Bleak HouseC. Great ExpectationsD. Oliver Twist10.In Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth Bennet finds out some weak points about herself in theprocess of judging others. Which of the following is NOT a weak point of hers?A. Blindness.B. Partiality.C. Snobbishness.D. Prejudice.11.In the conversation with his wife in Chapter One of Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Bennet uses a(n)______ tone with sarcastic humor.A. solemnB. harshC. arrogantD. teasing12.Prometheus Unbound is Shelley’s greatest achievement. Prometheus, according to the _____mythology, was chained by Zeus on Mo unt Caucasus and suffered the vulture’s feeding on his liver .A. GreekB. RomanC. the BibleD. German legend13.Charles Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of his novel ______.A. Great ExpectationsB. A Tale of Two CitiesC. Bleak HouseD. Oliver Twist14.The statement “A demanding mother turns away from her husband and gives all her affection toher sons” sums up the main plot of D. H. Lawrence’s____.A. Lady Chatterley’s LoverB. Women in loveC. Sons and LoversD. The Plumed Serpent15.Crusoe is the hero in The life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York,Mariner (also known as Robinson Crusoe)by_____ .A. Jonathan SwiftB. Daniel DefoeC. George EliotD. D. H. Lawrence16.Which of the following best describes the nature of Thomas Hardy’s later works?A. Sentimentalism.B. Tragic sense.C. Surrealism.D. Comic sense.17.Which of the following brings LITTLE impact on the development of 20th century literature?A. Friedrich Nietzche’s assertions: "God is dead"B. Arther Schopenharuer’s and Henry Bergson’s philosophical ideas of irrationality.C. Oscar Wilde’s idea of "Art for Art’s Sake".D. Freudian-Jungian psycho-analysis18.In which of the following works can you find the proper names “Lilliput,” “Brobdingnag,”“Houyhnhnm,” and “Yahoo”?A.James J oyce’s Ulsses.B. Charles Dickens’s Bleak House.C. Jonathan Swift’s Gu lliver’s Travels.D. D. H. Lawrence’s Women in love.19.Which of the following best describes the speaker of T. S. Eliot’s " The Love Song of J. AlfredPrufrock"?A. He is an man of a action.B. He is a man of apathy.C. He is a man of passion.D. He is a man of inactivity20.Which of the following qualifies does NOT feature Jane Austen's style?A. Austen's main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships.B. Everything in Austen's novel results in an observation, of a quiet, uneventful and contentedlife of the English country.C. Austen is a great realist and her characters are from all walks of life.D. Austen's works show clearly her firm belief in the predominance of reason over passion.21.Which of the following statements is NOT a typical feature of Charles Dickens?A. The settings of his stories have an extraordinary vividness.B. His novels achieve psychological depth.C. His humor and wit seem inexhaustible.D. His character portrayal is the most distinguishing feature.22.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?A. To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.B. To put the stress on traditional values.C. To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and his environment.D. To advocate a conscious break with the past.23.The English Renaissance period was an age of_____.A．poetry and drama B．drama and novelC．novel and poetry D．romance and poetry24.In Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice, Antonio could not pay back the money he borrowed fromShylock, because____.A．his money was all invested in the newly-emerging textile industryB．his enterprise went bankruptC．Bassanio was able to pay his own debtD．his ships had all been lost25.Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18?A. The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.C．The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D. The speaker meditates on man's salvation.26.In the first part of the novel Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Darcy has a(n)____ of the Bennet family.A. high opinionB. great admirationC. low opinionD. erroneous view27."He was silent with conceit of his son. Mrs. Morel sniffed, as if it were nothing." (Sons andLovers by D. H. Lawrence) From the above quotation, we can see that Mrs. Morel's attitude to her husband is ___.A．sincerely warm B．genuinely kindC．seemingly angry D．merely contemptuous28.A boy makes a quest of his idealized childish love through painful experience up to the point oflosing his innocence and coming to see the drabness and harshness of the adult world. The above sentence may well sum up the major theme of____.A．Eliot's poem The love song of J. Alfred PrufrockB．Bernard Shaw's play Mrs. Warren's ProfessionC．Joyce's story ArabyD．Lawrence's story The Horse Dealer's Daughter29.Shakespeare’s tragedies include all the following EXCEPT_____.A. Hamlet and King LearB. MacbethC. OthelloD. The Merchant of Venice30.Realism was a reaction against Romanticism and paved the way to ______.A. Modernism B．ScientismC. Post-Modernism D．Feminism31.“What is his name?” “Bingley.” “Is he married or single?” “Oh! Single, my dear, tobe sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”The above dialogue must be taken from______.A. Jane Austen’s Pride and PrejudiceB. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering HeightsC. John Galsworthy’s The Forsyte SagaD. George Eliot’s Middlemarch32.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” is an epigrammatic line by_____.A. J. KeatsB. W. BlakeC. W. WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley33.The poems such as“The Chimney Sweeper” are found in both Songs of Innocence and Songs ofExperience by______.A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. John KeatsD. Lord Gordon Byron34.The story starting with the marriage of Paul’s parents Walter Morel and Mrs. Morel must be____.A. Thomas Hardy’s Te ss of the D’UrbervillesB. D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and LoversC. George Eliot’s MiddlemarchD. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre35.In subject matter, William Wordsworth' s poems have two major concerns. One is about nature.The other is about ______A. French RevolutionB. literary theoryC. deathD. common life of ordinary people36.Through the character of Elizabeth, Jane Austen emphasizes the importance of _____forwomen,A. marriageB. physical attractivenessC. independence and self-confidenceD. submissive character37.The major theme of Jane Austen's novels is love and marriage. Which of the following is not acouple that appeared in Pride and Prejudice?A. Catherine and HeathcliffB. Lydia and WickhamC. Jane and BinleyD. Charlotte and Collins38.T.S. Eliot' s early poems are marked by ____ in comparison to his later ones.A. a philosophical and emotional calmB. a set of historical, cultural and religious themesC. a dreamy quality, expressing melancholy and serf- indulgent feelingsD. a mood of disillusionment and the sufferings of modem people39.Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from ________.A. the RenaissanceB. the Old TestamentC. Greek MythologyD. the New Testament40.“ To be, or not to be —that is the question ” is a line taken from______________.A. HamletB. OthelloC. King LearD. The Merchant of Venice41. The English Renaissance period was an age of _____.A．poetry and drama B．drama and novelC．novel and poetry D．romance and poetry42. In the first part of the novel Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Darcy has a(n) _____ of the Bennet family.A．high opinion B．great admiration C．low opinion D．erroneous view 43. In Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice, Antonio could not pay back the money he borrowed fromShylock, because ______.A．his money was all invested in the newly-emerging textile industryB．his enterprise went bankruptC．Bassanio was able to pay his own debtD．his ships had all been lost44. "He was silent with conceit of his son. Mrs. Morel sniffed, as if it were nothing." (Sons and Lovers by D. H. Lawrence) From the above quotation, we can see that Mrs. Morel's attitude to her husband is ().A．sincerely warm B．genuinely kindC．seemingly angry D．merely contemptuous45. The preface to the second edition of the _____ acts as a manifesto for the Romantic school in England.A. Poetical SketchesB.Lyrical BalladsC. The PreludeD. An Essay on Criticism46.“A violet by mossy stone / Half hidden from the eye!---Fair as a star, when only one / is shiningin the sky.” These lines are taken fromA. “The Solitary Reaper”B.“Ode on a Grecian Urn”C.“She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways”D.“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”47.“Come to me－come to me entirely now,” said he ; and added, in his deepest tone, speaking in my ear as his cheek was laid on mine, “Make my happiness－I will make yours.”The above passage presents a scene in_____ .A. Emily Br onte’s Withering HeightsB. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane EyreC. John Galsworthy’s The Forsyte SagaD.Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D′ Urbervilles48.“Drive my dead thought over the universe Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth.”(Percy Bysshe Shelley,“Ode to the West Wind”)What rhetorical device does the poet use in the quoted lines?A. Synecdoche.B.Metaphor.C.Simile.D. Onomatopoeia.49. Which of the following best describes the nature o f Thomas Hardy’s later works?A. Sentimentalism.B.Tragic sense.C. Surrealism.D. Comic sense.50.“When the evening is spread out against the sky Like a patient etherized upon a table.”(T. s.Eliot,“The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock”) What does the image in the quoted lines suggest?A. Violence.B. Horror.C. Inactivity.D. Indifference.II．Reading Comprehension （20 points in all, 10 for each）Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.51. "Then naked &white, all their bags left behindthey rise upon clouds, and sport in the wind.And the angle told Tom, if he'd be a good boy,He'd have God for his father, and never want joy.Questions:(1) Identify the poem and its poet;(2) What does the poem implies?52.“Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulles s and heartless? —You think wrong!… And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you…—it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal—as we are!”Questions:(1) Identify the author and the novel from which the quoted part is taken.(2) What does the quoted part imply about the speaker?III. Topic Discussion（30 points in all, 10 for each）Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.53. Please analyze the style of Charles Dickens:54. Briefly discuss William Shakespeare's artistic achievements in characterization, plotconstruction and language.55. How do you know about Renaissance? Give a summary about English literature in theperiod.。
[教师公开招聘考试密押题库与答案解析]教师公开招聘考试小学英语分类模拟英美文学、跨文化交际
![[教师公开招聘考试密押题库与答案解析]教师公开招聘考试小学英语分类模拟英美文学、跨文化交际](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/0e5a52669a6648d7c1c708a1284ac850ad0204dd.png)
B.David Copperfield
C.Oliver Twist
D.A Tale of Two Cities
答案:C
问题:18. The title of the novel Vanity Fair was taken from Bunyan's masterpiece ______.
问题:4. Robert Burns was a ______ poet.
A.English
B.Scottish
C.Welsh
D.Irish
答案:B[解析] 罗伯特·彭斯是一位苏格兰诗人。他有名的抒情诗有A Red，Red Rose《一朵红红的玫瑰》和Auld Lang Syne《往昔时光》。
问题:5. "If winter comes, Call spring be far behind?" is all epigrammatic line by.
答案:D[解析] 萧伯纳的名作《皮格马利翁》(又名《卖花女》)通过描写教授如何训练一名贫苦卖花女并最终成功被上流社会所认可的故事，抨击当时英国的腐朽保守的等级意识。后来它被改编成音乐剧《窈窕淑女》。
问题:8. Which of the following works is NOT written by D.H. Lawrence?
问题:7. The play Pygmalion later adapted to the musical comedy My Fair Lady was written by ______.
A.Charles Dickens
B.Jack London
C.Mark Twain
D.H.Lawrence_劳伦斯作家介绍
The major concern of wrence's fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.
1. Social criticism: dehumanization （丧失人性） 2. Psychological exploration 1) Human sexuality （性欲） 2) Oedipus Complex (恋母情节)
Lawrence Major Works Sons and Lovers
But as soon as the boy falls in love with Miriam, a farmer’s daughter, conflicting emerge. Mrs. Morel is jealous and afraid that the soulful girl will “suck” her son up, with nothing left for her.
a) satirical and comic poems; b) poems about human relationships and emotions;
c) poems about nature.
Lawrence’s Play
Lawrence was an important playwright who wrote three plays known as “the Lawrence trilogy (三部剧)”.
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D.H Lawrence as a Modern Psychological NovelistGao TianSeptember,2006D.H Lawrence as a Modern Psychological NovelistAbstractModernist fiction put emphasis on the description of the character’s psychological activities, and so sometimes has been called modern psychological fiction. One of its pioneers is D.H. Lawrence, who produced the first, and some critics still believe the finest, modern psychological novels. This paper focuses on the irrational psychological description in Lawrence’s writings, three types and the great change it brings. Through the analysis presented in this paper, the readers will know D.H. Lawrence’s ideas about human nature, his exploration and ideal.1.IntroductionThis paper is intended to analyze irrational psychological description in Lawrence’s writings, three types and the great change it brings. Through the analysis presented in this paper, readers would have a further understanding of Lawrence as a modern psychological novelist.Social and Historical Background of English Modernist LiteratureThe modernist movement in English literature around the turn of the 20th century reflected social changes and conflicts during that time and created an incredible change in the way writers viewed their art.The early 20th century witnessed British Empire’s transition from free competition to monopoly capitalism. In that ear of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement, people in western society began to question the basis of their hitherto convictions. The writer, then, was in an ideal position to witness the farcical polarities of that time: the prosperity of science and the decay of morality; the abundant of material life and void of spiritual life. The disillusionment of the new century led a group of them to seek for new ways and means of revealing the truth of life.In the meantime, the contradictions between the imperialist countries grew into such great tension that it soon led to the outbreak of World War I(1914-1918). This “Great War”shattered people’s fundamental cornerstone of edifice on which their convictions was built, profoundly altering people’s conception of rationality, religion, country and morality etc., causing a paschal crisis. Affected by new perception held of the world and our place in it, this new group of writers tried to communicate their fears and opinions through unique new writing style. Their concerns changed from outer to the inner world of human beings, through characters’subtle mind and consciousness reflection reality as well as revealing the crisis and conflicts in western capitalist societies. This characteristic later became one of the basic characteristics of modernist literature.Influence of Modern PsychologyTalking about modernist literature, we also have to refer to modern psychology, which had a great impact on it. The idea of unconsciousness, new subtleties of psychological approach, or new delicacies of presentation or description not only opened a new country for the novelist, but also provide theoretical support for modernist literature. And one of the great modern thinkers, who have had a deep influence on the modern novel and on all form of literature and art, is Sigmund Freud, the creator of psychoanalysis. Freud was the first person to scientifically explore the human unconscious mind and recognized the influence of unconscious drives in shaping behavior. His idea profoundly altered man’s view of himself. His work revolutionized modern psychiatry and strongly influenced 20th century western theories of literature.Introduction to D.H. LawrenceD.H. Lawrence, the emergence of whom marked a height of English modernist literature, is well-known for his novels written under the influence of Freud’s theory of psychological analysis. Although Lawrence disagreed with Freud on his theories, Freud unintentionally influenced him in his writing. And hai work was always studied from Freud’s psychoanalysis.David Herbert Lawrence(1885-1930), English novelist, dramatist, poet and psychologist, was born in the Midland-mining village of Eastwood, Nottingham Shire. His father, a semi-literate miner, was essentially working-class in habits and outlook; his mother, who had been a schoolteacher, was better educated than her husband and self-consciously genteel. After the death of an elder brother Lawrence became the center of his mother’s emotional life and played in his own relation to her a loving and protective role. He loved his mother but despised his father in the early part of his life. But many years later, he came to feel that he had misjudged his father, whose coarseness represented after all a genuine vitality and some wholeness of personality. It was from his father’s sensuousness and the “intimate community” of the miners that he began to notice the dark force of the inner self, the uncanny power of people’s irrational psychological activities.As one of the pioneers of modern psychological fictions, Lawrence explored human nature through frank discussion of sex, psychology and religion. He has a gift of seeing the changeless nature of human beings beyond the changing circumstances of day-to-day life. Having a strong interest in psychological revelation, he puts emphasis on the description of characters’irrational psychological activities to reveal human nature.“Mother-fixation”of early life as well as his personality made irrational psychological activities a subject of Lawrence literary creation; the fusion of these two made him a unique modern psychological novelist. Lawrence is regarded as one of he most original and inspired English writers of the 20th century. His impact on the way we think about love, sex, and culture decay has been profound.2.Three Types of Irrational Psychological Activities in Lawrence’s WritingsThere are three types of irrational psychological activities: powerful emotion, subconsciousness and soul possessive love.Powerful EmotionLawrence is the sort of writer who commands violent reactions, either of admiration or of dislike. Either way it is difficult to remain untouched by the force of his fiction and not to feel the passion and commitment with which he approached his work. And it is this very passion together with significant imagery that enables Lawrence to look into the heart and minds of his characters, revealing powerful emotions and feelings that are not simply expressed in action. And he is especially adept at describing such emotions and feelings at a turning point when love and hate co-existing with a primal intensity that allows one emotion to reach its highest point and then suddenly change to another. At this turning point, both emotions give out their greatest energy. This is an alternation of love and hate, a transition of agony and ecstasy. Like two polarities of lightening, once confronting, they would produce shocking energy, which would destroy everything until at last only ashes left. What Lawrence did comprehend is the polarity inherent in love between human beings, especially between men and women. Lovers can also be betrayer. The lien between love and hate is thin indeed and the ubiquitous loneliness of our post-modern culture thins the line further. Nevertheless, it is still necessary to demarcate th line, transcribe its limits. Our only defense against fate is passion, unruly and free, but committed to humanity.To cite just one example, in Rainbow, the chapter describing Anna and Will’s life after marriage is a typical example:So it went on continually, the recurrence of love and conflict between them. One day it seemed as if everything was shattered, all life spoiled, ruined, desolate and laid waste. The next day it was all marvelous again, just marvelous. One day she thought she would go mad from his very presence; the sound of his drinking was detestable to her. The next day she loved and rejoiced in the way eh crossed the floor; he was sun, moon and stars in one.1They live in such recurrence of love and hate. The deepest love may become hate; the extreme end of hate is love. The passion is endless, going through the relationship between men and women.SubconsciousnessA more subtle and complex part of irrational psychological world is subconsciousness. Psychoanalysts believe that although subconscious usually could not be award, it is not totally untraceable. Every moment, it may break the cover of conscious and reflect in our daily life activities. It’s just that people ignore them. As a novelist, Lawrence has a penetration view of human’s psychological activities. There are many examples in his novels. First we will see Son and Lovers. In the 1D.H. Lawrence, The Rainbow (England: Harmondsworth, William Heinemann Ltd. 1980)167sixth chapter author uses quite a lot of words describing an outing of Paul with his mother. Before setting off, both of them felt rather excited, especially the mother. She wore the pair of clean boots she kept carefully and got a new cotton blouse on, as if a young girl going to her first date. When she “appeared in the inner doorway rather shyly”, Paul exclaimed “Awfully! You ARE a fine little woman to go jaunting out with!”2And when they were in the wood, “among the oaks the bluebells stood in pools of azure, under the new green hazels, upon a pale fawn floor of oak-leaves”3, Paul picks her some: forget-me-nots”. And, again, “his ear hurt with love, seeing her hand, used with work, holding the little bunch of flowers he gave her. She was perfectly happy.”4Here author again and again describes the beautiful scenes and the mother and son traveling intimately in them. This plot seems to be irrelevant with other plots, but is actually closely related to characters’ psychological flow. If we only look at this paragraph, we may assume that this is a couple of lovers playing in the shrub. Author deliberately gives us such an impression in order to indicate the unspoken feeling of love between son and mother in their subconscious.Possessive LoveWe also find that in Lawrence’s novel, when male and female have established a fixed relationship, they would immediately begin a contest and confrontation in psychology. Why? What’s the essential reason? Let’s come to the third type of irrational psychological activities; soul possessive love.Lawrence created many “Great Mother” in his works, such as Mrs. Morel, Miriam, Anna, etc. They are strong, arbitrary, and have a strong desire of possession. In the relationship between male and female, they crazily want to conquer, control and possess man. In Rainbow, the scene that Anna and will carried sheaves in the moonlight is breath taking, “there was only the moving to and from in the moonlight, engrossed, the swinging in the silence, that was marked only by the splash of sheaves, and silence and a splash of sheaves.5Such an easy work has become the two parsons’paschal contest. “And always, she was gone before he came. As he came, she drew away, as he drew away, she came.”6There is always a distance between them, which represent psychological victory of female privilege.Lawrence difference in that he takes sided, angrily, among his characters, and hectors his readers, in a way that no other major novelist does. What is notable about Lawrence is his quickness, the impatience, and spurtiness of his way of writing. His description of irrational psychological activities ahs brought great changes to the manner of writing of English novel.3.Conclusion2 D.H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, ed. Julian Moynahan (London: The Viking Critical Library, 1979)1223Ibid.,1244Ibid.,1245D.H. Lawrence, The Rainbow (England: Harmondsworth, William Heinemann Ltd. 1980)1236Ibid.Lawrence adheres to a kind of primitivism which enables him to explore unknown, unconscious modes of being, and he dispenses with character as it is generally conceived, creating in the process what T.S Eliot has described as the “profoundest research into human nature.: The innovative use of psychological theme in his writing brings great changes to English novels: the creation of alter ego, innovation of characterization: the disintegration of traditional plots he is regarded as one of the most original and inspired writers of the 20th century.However, from a practical respect, Lawrence’s ideal of rescuing human beings through irrational psychological activities if bond to fail. The real liberation of human depends on the further development of industrial civilization, not rejecting it.However, Lawrence believes individual would rescue himself through own effort. His work ha s affected many people profoundly. This so as true today as it was when he was writing.BibliographyAbrams, M.H. ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 2 V ols. New York: W. W.Norton, 1979.Draper, James P. ed. World Literature Criticism: 1500 to the Present. London: Detroit, Gale Research Inc., 1992.D.H. Lawrence, The Rainbow (England: Harmondsworth, William Heinemann Ltd. 1980.D.H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, ed. Julian Moynahan (London: The Viking Critical Library, 1979.侯维瑞，《现代英国小说史》。