(精选)英语_大学英语四级真题
大学英语四级考试真题及答案(三套全)
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第一套）Part I Writing （25 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to besthandle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather.B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother.2. A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By selling lemonade and pictures.B) By working part time at a hospital. D) By asking for help on social media.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction.B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles.C) Providing clean energy to five million people.D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.4. A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements.B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.C) They are only about half an inch thick.D) They are made from cheap materials.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research.B) The hazards from the desert. D) The lack of clues about the species.6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.B) To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance.C) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.D) To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.7. A) Lions walking. C) Some camping facilities.B) Lions’ tracks. D) Traps set by local hunters.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Her ‘lucky birthday’. C) Her wedding anniversary.B) A call from her dad. D) A special gift from the man.9. A) Gave her a big model plane. C) Took her on a trip overseas.B) Bought her a good necklace. D) Threw her a surprise party.10. A) The gift her husband has bought.B) The trip her husband has planned.C) What has been troubling her husband.D) What her husband and the man are up to.11. A) He will be glad to be a guide for the couple’s holiday trip.B) He will tell the women the secret if her husband agrees.C) He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out.D) He wants to find out about the couple’s holiday plan.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.B) They see the importance of making compromises.C) They know when to adopt a tough attitude.D) They take the rival’s attitude into account.13. A) They know how to adapt. C) They know when to make compromises.B) They know when to stop. D) They know how to control their emotion.14. A) They are patient. C) They learn quickly.B) They are good at expression. D) They uphold their principles.15. A) Make clear one's intentions. C) Formulate one's strategy.B) Clarify items of negotiation. D) Get to know the other side.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) When America's earliest space program started.B) When the International Space Station was built.C) How many space shuttle missions there will be.D) How space research benefits people on Earth.17. A) They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.B) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.C) They tried to meet astronauts' specific requirements.D) They tried to make best use of the latest technology.18. A) They are extremely accurate. C) They were first made in space.B) They are expensive to make. D) They were invented in the 1970s.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It was when her ancestors came to America.B) People had plenty of land to cultivate then.C) It marked the beginning of something new.D) Everything was natural and genuine then.20. A) They believed in working for goals. C) They had all kinds of entertainment.B) They enjoyed living a living a life of ease. D) They were known to be creative.21. A) Chatting with her ancestors. C) Polishing all the silver work.B) Furnishing her country house. D) Doing needlework by the fire.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Use a map to identify your location. C) Sit down and try to calm yourself.B) Call your family or friends for help. D) Try to follow your footprints back.23. A) You may find a way out without your knowing it.B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.C) You may get drowned in a sudden flood.D) You may end up entering a wonderland.24. A) Look for food. C) Start a fire.B) Wait patiently. D) Walk uphill.25. A) Inform somebody of your plan. C) Check the local weather.B) Prepare enough food and drink. D) Find a map and a compass.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some 26 skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27 , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the 28 of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive 29__ memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images.Rats are often 30 with spreading disease rather than 31 it, but this long-tailed animal is highly 32 . Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors （嗅觉感受器）, whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect __33 smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB（肺结核）. When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is infected.Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 , but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate — the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.A) associated I) slightB) examine J) specifyC) indicate K) superiorD) nuisance L) suspiciousE) peak M) tipF) preventing N) treatedG) prohibiting O) visualH) sensitiveSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers.[A] I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.[B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issuestake-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.[C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,” he explained,“Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To Congress.”Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain fromtake-hone exams. “Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear,time-limited boundaries,” she told me. “Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention.”[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them.[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, “I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, butthere is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.”[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personaltest-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability toaccess the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, toldme, “We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Ourfellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last inschool.”[J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share, When Iasked his opinion on this matter, he responded, “I like in-class exams because the time isalready reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,”he responded.It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two inadvance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead.[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her finalexam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “It is going to be apiece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a bluebook in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were givena slice.36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses.38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult thanthey actually are.42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type ofcourse being taught.44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it whenperformance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?A) To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it.B) What role it has played in evolution. D) In what way it can be beneficial.47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphinsD) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.D) She compared the responses of different participants.50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study.This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able todo it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.”Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career.At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefitsthem most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-evenif that means doing the boring work themselves.This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.51. What does the author say is the problem with women?A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job.C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women?A) Their unwillingness to say “no”.B) Their desire to be considered powerful.C) An underestimate of their own ability.D) A lack of courage to face challenges.54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.A) women tend to be easily satisfiedB) men are generally more persuasiveC) men tend to put their personal interests firstD) women are much more ready to compromise55. What is important to a good leader?A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failureB) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。
大学英语四级考试真题及答案(完整版)
大学英语四级考试真题及答案(绝对完整）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a shortessay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should writeat least 120 words following the outline given bellow:1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2. 也会带来一些问题3. 你的看法？Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go overthe passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. Forquestions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the informationgiven in the passage.How Do You See Diversity?As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for someof the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed thatthe candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhatdisappointed because she liked the individual otherwise. He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but thefact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so shedecided to offer the job to her second choice.“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized theperson we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. Whatshe hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s“different”behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-Americanraised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown byaverting(避开) your eyes.“I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it wascultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss thatopportunity again.”Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive asdifferent. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse,it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and toreexamine some of our false assumptions .Hire AdvantageAt a time when hiring qualified people is becoming moredifficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from theprocess have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helpsorganizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estaterecruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference suchtraining can make .“During my Mindsets coaching session ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.”Blinded by GenderDale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops onsu pervising a diverse workforce . “Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,” he recalls . “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person , and being open to differences .” In his case , the blindness was not about culture but rather gender.“I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel .”Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce.“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .” Dale credits the workshop , “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .”Year of the Know-It-AllDoug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of January had just passed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates .“He pati ently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on theChinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuminghe had his dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions ,and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture toculture .“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I couldlearn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees ,rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,” Dougadmits . “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learninghow to be more ‘inclusive’ to differences.A better Bottom LineAn open mind about diversity not only improves organizationsinternally , it is profitable as well . These comments from a customerservice representative show how an inclusive attitude can improvesales .”Most of my customers speak English as a second language . Oneof the best things my company has done is to contract with a languageservice that offers translations over the phone . It wasn’t until my bossreceived Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how importantinclusiveness was to customer service . As result , our customer base hasincreased .”Once we start to see people as individuals . and discard thestereotypes , we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone .Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differencesand similarities . It is about building better communities andorganizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our sharedhumanity .When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think wehave learned from our past , from the media, peers , family , friends ,etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values . We need to train our-selvesto think differently , shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opensdoors for all of us ,creating opportunities in organizations andcommunities that benefit everyone.1. What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate?A) He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.B) He was slow in answering her questions.C) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.D) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.2. Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from _____.A) Racial stereotypes. C) Racial stereotypes.B) Invalid personal bias . D) Emphasis on physical appearance3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalizationaccording to the author?A) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel.B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.D) Expanding domestic and international markets.4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?A) A real estate agency. C) A cultural exchange organization.B) A personnel training company. D) A hi-tech company5. After one of the workshops ,account executive Dale realized that _____.A) He had hired the wrong person.B) He could have done more for his company.C) He had not managed his workforce well.D) He must get rid of his gender bias.6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop?A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.B) It tapped into the executives’ full potential.C) It helped him make fair decisions.D) It met participants’ di verse needs.7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee’srequest for leave?A) He told him to get the dates right. C)He flatly turned it downB) He demanded an explanation. D)He readily approved it.8. Doug felt _____ when he realized that his assumption was wrong.9. After attending Mindsets’ workshops, the participants came to knowthe importance of _____ to their business.10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , wecan achieve diversity and benefit from the _____ between us.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 Minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questionswill be asked about what was said .Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only once .After each question there will be a pause .During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) She expected more people at her party.B) She enjoys entertaining small children .C) She threw a surprise party for her friendD) She has always enjoyed great popularity.12. A) They are not used to living in a cold place.B) They feel lucky to live in Florida.C) They are going to have a holiday.D) They have not booked their air tickets yet.13. A) He was pleased to get the medal. C) He used to be a firefighter.(B) He was very courageous. D) He was accused of causing a fire.14。
2023年12月大学英语四级CET4真题试卷含答案
12月23日四级考试真题（最新整顿版）Part ⅠWriting （30 minutes）Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled. The Importance of Reading classics. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1、许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会2、但有人提出取消春节晚会3、我旳见解Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet1.For questions 1-4, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Six Secrets of High-Energy PeopleThere’s an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. Millions of us get up each morning already weary over the day holds. “I just can’t get started.” People say. But it’s not physical energy that most of us lack. Sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better diet. But in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. I can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your body.What you’re seeking is not physical energy. It’s emotional energy. Yet, sad to say life sometimes seems designed to exhaust our supply. We work too hard. We have family obligations. We encounter emergencies and personal crises. No wonder so many of us suffer from emotional fatigue, a kind of utter exhaustion of the spirit.And yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the unpleasant circumstances of their lives. Even as a child I observed people who were poor or disabled or ill, but who nonetheless faced life with optimism and vigor. Consider Laura Hillenbrand, who despite an extremely weak body wrote the best-seller Seabiscuit. Hillenbrand barely had enough physical energy to drag herself out of be to write. But she was fueled by having a story she wanted to share. It was emotional energy that helped her succeed.Unlike physical energy, which is finite and diminishes with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringing. So how do you get it? You can’t simply tell yourself to be positive. You must take action. Here are six practical strategies that work.1. Do something new.Very little that’s new occurs in our lives. The impact of this sameness on our emotional energy is gradual, but huge: It’s like a tire with a slow leak. You don’t it at first, but eventually you’ll get a flat. It’s up to you to plug the leak--even though there are always a dozen reasons to stay stuck in your dull routines of life. That’s where Maura, 36, a waitress, found herself a year ago.Fortunately, Maura had a lifeline--a group of women friends who meet regularly to discuss their lives. Their lively discussions spurred Maura to make small but nevertheless life alteringchanges. She joined a gym in the next town. She changed her look with a short haircut and new black T-shirts. Eventually, Maura gathered the courage to quit her job and start her own business.Here’s a challenge: If it’s something you wouldn’t ordinarily do, do it. Try a dish you’ve never eaten. Listen to music you’d ordinarily tune out. You’ll discover these small things add to your emotional energy.2. Reclaim life’s meaning.So many of my patients tell me that their lives used to have meaning, but that somewhere along the line things went state.The first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and then do something about it. A case in point is Ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment banking. "I mistakenly believed that all the money I made would mean something." she says. "But I feel lost, like a 22-year-old wondering what to do with her life." Ivy’s solution? She started a program that shows Wall Streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. In the process, Ivy filled her life with meaning.3. Put yourself in the fun zone.Most of us grown-ups are seriously fun-deprived. High-energy people have the same day-to-day work as the rest of us, but they manage to find something enjoyable in every situation. A real estate broker I know keeps herself amused on the job by mentally redecorating the houses she shows to clients. "I love imagining what even the most run-down house could look like withy a little tender loving care," she says. "It’s a challenge--and the least desirable properties are usually the most fun."We all define fun differently, of course, but I can guarantee this: If you put just a bit of it into your day, you energy will increase quickly.4. Bid farewell to guilt and regret.Everyone’s past is filled with regrets that still cau se pain. But from an emotional energy point of view, they are dead weights that keep us from us from moving forward. While they can’t merely be willed away, I do recommend you remind yourself that whatever happened is in the past, and nothing can change that. Holding on to the memory only allows the damage to continue into the present.5. Make up your mind.Say you’ve been thinking about cutting your hair short. Will it look stylish –or too extreme?You endlessly think it over. Having the decision hanging over your head is a huge energy drain.Every time you can’t decide, you burden yourself with alternatives. Quit thinking that you have to make the right decision; instead, make a choice and don’t look back.6. Give to get.Emotional energy has a kind of magical quality; the more you give, the more you get back.. This is the difference between emotional and physical energy. With the latter. You have to get it to be able to give it. With the former, however, you get it by giving it.Start by asking everyone y ou meet, “How are you?” as if you really want to know, then listen to the reply. Be the one who hears. Most of us also need to smile more often. If you don’t smile at the person you love first thing in the morning, you’re sucking energy out of yourrelationship. Finally, help another person—and make the help real, concrete. Give a massage (按摩) to someone you love, or cook her dinner, Then, expand the circle to work. Try asking yourself what you’d do if your goal were to be helpful rather than efficient.Aft er all, if it’s true that what goes around comes around, why not make sure that what’s circulating around you is the good stuff?注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
历年英语四级真题及答案3套
历年英语四级真题及答案3套备考⼤学英语四级的考⽣可以适当做真题来查漏补缺。
下⾯是⼩编整理的历年英语四级真题及答案3套，欢迎⼤家阅读分享借鉴，希望对⼤家有所帮助。
英语四级考试真题及答案（第⼀套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to teach English in China. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A News ReportDirections： In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.C) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.2. A) It was shot to death by a police officer.B) It found its way back to the park's zoo.C) It became a great attraction for tourists.D) It was sent to the animal control department.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It is the largest of its kind.B) It is going to be expanded.C) It is displaying more fossil specimens.D) It is staring an online exhibition.4. A) A collection of bird fossils from Australia.B) Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.C) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.D) Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Pick up trash.B) Amuse visitors.C) Deliver messages.D) Play with children.6. A) They are especially intelligent.B) They are children's favorite.C) They are quite easy to tame.D) They are clean and pretty.7. A) Children may be harmed by the rooks.B) Children may be tempted to drop litter.C) Children may contract bird diseases.D) Children may overfeed the rooks.Section B ConversationDirections： In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It will be produced at Harvard University.B) It will be hosted by famous professors.C) It will cover different areas of science.D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.9. A)It will be more futuristic.B) It will be more systematic.C) It will be more entertaining.D) It will be easier to understand.10. A) People interested in science.B) Youngsters eager to explore.C) Children in their early teens.D) Students majoring in science.11. A) Offer professional advice.B) Provide financial support.C) Help promote it on the Internet.D) Make episodes for its first season.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Unsure.B) Helpless.C) Concerned.D) Dissatisfied.13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect.B) He loses heart when faced with setbacks.C) He is too ambitious in achieving goals.D) He takes on projects beyond his ability.14. A) Embarrassed.B) Unconcerned.C) Miserable.D) Resentful.15. A) Try to be optimistic whatever happens.B) Compare his present with his past only.C) Always learn from others' achievements.D) Treat others the way he would be treated.Section C PassageDirections： In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.B) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.C) They are more likely to become engineers.D) They have greater potential to be leaders.17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.c) Insist that boys and girls work together more.D) Respond more positively to boys' comments.18. A) Offer personalized teaching materials.B) Provide a variety of optional courses.C) Place great emphasis on test scores.D) Pay extra attention to top students.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It often rains cats and dogs.B) It seldom rains in summer time.C) It does not rain as much as people think.D) It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.20. A) They drive most of the time.B) The rain is usually very light.C) They have got used to the rain.D) The rain comes mostly at night.21. A) It has a lot of places for entertainment.B) It has never seen thunder and lighting.C) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.D) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.B) It results from exerting one's muscles continuously.C) It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.D) It comes from staining one's muscles in an unusual way.23. A) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.B) Body movements in the affected area become difficult.C) They begin to make repairs immediately.D) They gradually become fragmented.24. A) About one week.B) About two days.C) About ten days.D) About four weeks.25. A) Apply muscle creams.B) Drink plenty of water.C) Have a hot shower.D) Take pain-killers.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water? Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or __26__ the ruins of Angkor. It's hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. It's the safe thing to do, right? The bottle is __27__ , and the label says "pure water". But maybe what's inside is not so __28__ . Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the world __29__ microplastics?That's the conclusion of a recently __30__ study, which analysed 259 bottles from 11 brands sold in nine countries, __31__ an average of 325 plastic particles per litre of water. These microplastics included a __32__ commonly known as PET and widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food and __33__ containers. The study was conducted at the State University of New York on behalf of Orb Media, a journalism organisation. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only by thirsty tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide who live with unsafe drinking water.Confronted with this __34__ , several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle and Coca-Cola undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that their water did contain microplastics, but far less than the Orb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health Organisation has launched a review into the __35__ health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles.A) adequateB) admiringC) containsD) defendingE) evidenceF) instantG) liquidH) modifiedI) naturalJ) potentialK) releasedL) revealingM) sealedN) solvesO) substanceSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Make Stuff, Fail, And Learn While You're At ItA) We've always been a hands-on, do it-yourself kind of nation. Ben Franklin, one of America's founding fathers, didn't just invent the lightning rod. His creations include glasses, innovative stoves and more.B) Franklin, who was largely self-taught, may have been a genius, but he wasn't really an exception when it comes to American making and creativity.C) The personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation of Silicon Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club, which was founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members-including guys named Jobs and Wozniak-started making and inventing things they couldn't buy.D) So it's no surprise that the Maker Movement today is thriving in communities and some schools across America. Making is available to ordinary people who aren't tied to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient Greek philosophers, as we pointed out recently.E) These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an important educational function. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning by doing, which is Dewey's phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscovering Dewey and Montessori and a lot of the practices that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it doesn't look like a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the community. It has tools and materials. It's a place where you get to make things based on your interest and on what you, re learning to do.F) Ideas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream educationally, despite being old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the American context, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experience and self-reliance. It's not necessarily an efficient way to learn. We learn, in a sense, by trial and error. Learning from experience is something that takes time and patience. It's very individualized. If your goal is to have standardized approaches to learning, where everybody learns the same thing at the same time in the same way, then learning by doing doesn't really fit that mold anymore. It's not the world of textbooks. It's not the world of testing.G) Learning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective. Project-based learning has grown in popularity with teachers and administrators. However, project-based learning is not making. Although there is a connection, there is also a distinction. The difference lies in whether the project is in a sense defined and developed by the student or whether it's assigned by a teacher. We'll all get the kids to build a small boat. We are all going to learn about X, Y, and Z. That tends to be one form of project- based learning.H) I really believe the core idea of making is to have an idea within your head—or you just borrow it from someone—and begin to develop it, repeat it and improve it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thing that you make is valuable to you and you can share it with others. I'm interested in how these things are expressions of that person, their ideas, and their interactions with the world.I) In some ways, a lot of forms of making in school trivialize (使变得⽆⾜轻重) making. The thing that you make has no value to you. Once you are done demonstrating whatever concept was in the; textbook, you throw away the pipe cleaners, the straws, the cardboard tubes.J) Making should be student-directed and student-led, otherwise it's boring. It doesn't have the motivation of the student. I'm not saying that students should not learn concepts or not learn skills. They do. But to really harness their motivation is to build upon their interest. It's to let them be in control and to drive the car.K) Teachers should aim to build a supportive, creative environment for students to do this work. A very social environment, where they are learning from each other. When they have a problem, it isn't the teachernecessarily coming in to solve it. They are responsible for working through that problem. It might be they have to talk to other students in the class to help get an answer.L) The teacher's role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people, it sounds like this is a diminished role for teachers. I think it's a heightened role. You're creating this environment, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing different things. You are watching them and really it's the human behaviors you're looking at. Are they engaged? Are they developing and repeating their project? Are they stumbling (受挫)? Do they need something that they don't have? Can you help them be aware of where they are?M) My belief is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be hands-on, but it enables us to be good learners. It's not the knowledge that is valuable; it's the practice of learning new things and understanding how things work. These are processes that you are developing so that you are able, over time, to tackle more interesting problems, more challenging problems-problems that require many people instead of one person, and many skills instead of one.N) If teachers keep it form-free and student-led, it can still be tied to a curriculum and an educational plan. I think a maker space is more like a library in that there are multiple subjects and multiple things that you can learn. What seems to be missing in school is how these subjects integrate, how they fit t together in any meaningful way. Rather than saying, "This is science, over here is history," I see schools taking this idea of projects and looking at: How do they support children in higher level learning?O) I feel like this is a shift away from a subject matter-based curriculum to a more experiential curriculum or learning. It's still in its early stages, but I think it's shifting around not what kids learn but how they learn.36.A maker space is where people make things according to their personal interests.37.The teachers, role is enhanced in a maker space as they have to monitor and facilitate during the process.ing up with an idea of one's own or improving one from others is key to the concept of making.39.Contrary to structured learning, learning by doing is highly individualized.40.America is a nation known for the idea of making things by oneself.41.Making will be boring unless students are able to take charge.42.Making can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by students themselves.43.The author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a school curriculum.44.The maker concept is a modern version of some ancient philosophical ideas.45.Making is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make something meaningless to them based on textbooks.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech's online Master of Science in Computer Science program. Professor Goel already had eight teaching assistants, but that wasn't enough to deal with the overwhelming number of daily questions from students.Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support. When students feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered, their motivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy this situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform.Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums. At first, the virtual assistant wasn't too great. But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum tofind all the 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. Then they began to feed Jill with the questions and answers. After some adjustments and sufficient time, Jill was able to answer the students' questions correctly 97% of the time. The virtual assistant became so advanced and realistic that the students didn't know she was a computer. The students, who were studying artificial intelligence, were interacting with the virtual assistant and couldn't tell it apart from a real human being. Goel didn't inform them about Jill's true identity until April 26. The students were actually very positive about the experience.The goal of Professor Goel's virtual assistant next year is to take over answering 40% of all the questions posed by students on the online forum. The name Jill Watson will, of course, change to something else next semester. Professor Goel has a much rosier outlook on the future of artificial intelligence than, say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates or Steve Wozniak.46. What do we lear about Knowledge-Based Arificial Itelligence?A) It is a robot that can answer students' questions.B) It is a course designed for students to leamn online.C) It is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.D) It is a computer program that aids student leaming.47. What problem did Professor Goel meet with?A) His students were unsatisfied with the assistants.B) His course was too difficult for the students.C) Students' questions were too many to handle.D) Too many students dropped out of his course.48. What do we lear about Jill Watson?A) She turned out to be a great sucess.B) She got along pretty well with students.C) She was unwelcome to students at first.D) She was released online as an experiment.49. How did the students feel about Jill Watson?A) They thought she was a bit too artificial.B) They found her not as capable as expected.C) They could not but admire her knowledge.D) They could not tell her from a real person.50. What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill Watson?A) Launch different versions of her online.B) Feed her with new questions and answers.C) Assign her to answer more of students' questions.D) Encourage students to interact with her more freely.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Thinking small, being engaging, and having a sense of humor don't hurt. Those are a few of the traits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from a recent study that examined nearly 400 campaigns. But having a large network and some promotional skills may be more crucial.Crowdfunding, raising money for a project through online appeals, has taken off in recent years for everything from making movies to producing water-saving gadgets. Scientists have tried to tap Internet donors, too, with mixed success. Some raised more than twice their goals, but others have fallen short of reaching even modest targets.To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, a team led by sciencecommunications scholar Mike Sch?fer of the University of Zurich examined the content of the webpages for 371 recent campaigns.Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report in Public Understanding of Science. For one, they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raising money for science, and not just any kind of project. Although sites like Kickstarter take all comers, platforms such as and only present scientific projects. For another, they present the project with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humor improved success. Most of them engage with potential donors, since projects that answered questions from interested donors fared better. And they target a small amount of money. The projects included in the study raised $4,000 on average, with 30% receiving less than $1,000. The more money a project sought, the lower the chance it reached its goal, the researchers found.Other factors may also significantly influence a project's success, most notably, the size of a scientist's personal and professional networks, and how much a researcher promotes a project on their own. Those two factors are by far more critical than the content on the page. Crowdfunding can be part of researchers' efforts to reach the public, and people give because "they feel a connection to the person" who is doing the fundraising—not necessarily to the science.51. What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for their projects?A) They did not raise much due to modest targets.B) They made use of mixed fundraising strategies.C) Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.D) Most of them put movies online for the purpose.52. What is the purpose of Mike Schafer' s research of recent crowdfunding campaigns?A) To create atractive content for science websites.B) To identify reasons for their different outcomes.C) To help scientists to launch innovative projects.D) To separate science projects from general ones.53. What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfiunding campaign?A) The potential benefit to future generations.B) Its interaction with prospective donors.C) Its originality in addressing financial issues.D) The value of the proposed project.54. What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfunding projects?A) They should be small to be sucessful.B) They should be based on actual needs.C) They should be assed with great care.D) They should be ambitious to gain notice.55. What motivates people to donate in a crowdfunding campaign?A) The ease of access to the content of the webpage.B) Their desire to contribute to the cause of science.C) The significance and influence of the project itself.D) Their feeling of connection to the scientists themselves.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国家庭⼗分重视孩⼦的教育。
四级真题英语作文范文(合集6篇)
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文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如工作总结、工作计划、合同协议、条据文书、策划方案、句子大全、作文大全、诗词歌赋、教案资料、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays for everyone, such as work summaries, work plans, contract agreements, doctrinal documents, planning plans, complete sentences, complete compositions, poems, songs, teaching materials, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please stay tuned!四级真题英语作文范文(合集6篇)四级真题英语作文范文第1篇1.Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test .Some people argue that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been informed frequently that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native speaker.Sometimes even those top students who eXcel in grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to eXpress their thoughts freely.A test of English will bring the college students an awareness of the importance of oral English， and will thus help them with their communicating skills.On the other hand， some others still maintain that a good command of reading and writing skills will be enough for the English learners.To some eXtent their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework.Another required test will only add to their burden.Moreover，some students may take the shortcut by focusing on several guessed questions according to the fiXed format of the test， hoping for a coincidence to bring them goodluck.In my opinion， a test of spoken English will do more good than harm.Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform， the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society.Whether I take the test or not， I shall spare no efforts to practice oral English in the remaining years of my college study.大学英语四级真题作文5篇（扩展9）——英语四级作文真题及-英语四级作文往年真题 (菁选2篇) 四级真题英语作文范文第2篇【四级翻译真题】生活在X不同地区的人们饮食多种多样。
2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)
大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(三套全)目录2018年6月大学生英语四级真题试题一(完整版) (1)答案 (15)2018年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷二(完整版) (16)答案 (31)2018年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷三(完整版) (31)答案 (41)2017年12月大学英语四级真题试题一(完整版) (41)答案 (56)2017年12月大学英语四级真题试题二(完整版) (56)答案 (65)2017年12月大学英语四级真题试题三(完整版) (65)答案 (75)2017年6月大学英语四级真题试题一(完整版) (75)答案 (89)2017年6月大学英语四级真题试卷二(完整版) (89)答案 (103)2017年6月大学英语四级真题试卷三(完整版) (103)答案 (112)2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷一(完整版) (112)答案 (126)2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷二(完整版) (126)答案 (140)2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷三(完整版) (141)答案 (149)大学生英语四级真题试题一(完整版)Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the importance of speaking ability and how to develop it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
(完整版)大学英语四级真题及答案(多套题及详解)
大学英语四级真题及答案(多套题及翻译）CET4 Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.题目一：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?假设你的一位外国朋友来参观你的校园，你最感兴趣的地方想带他/她去看?为什么?题目二：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?假设你的一位外国朋友来参观你的家乡，你最感兴趣的地方想带他/她去看?为什么?题目三：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?假设你的一位外国朋友来参观中国，你最感兴趣的地方想带他/她去看?为什么?Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
大学英语四级考试试题真题-(4)精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版大学英语四级考试试题真题Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children “I’m sorry I got angry with you, but …”what follows that “but”can render the apology ineffective: ”I had a bad day”or “your noise was giving me a headache ”leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “I’m sorry you’re upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “I’m useless as a parent”does not commit a person to any specific improvement.These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness, Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become a ware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children’s expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent’s clothes without permission is not.36.If a mother adds ”but”to an apology,________.A) she doesn’t feel that she should have apologized.B) she does not realize that the child hasbeen hurtC) the child may find the apology easier to acceptD) the child may feel that he owes her an apology37.According to the author, saying “I’m sorry you’re upset”most probably means”_______”A)You have good reason to get upsetB)I’m aware you’re upset ,but I’m not to blameC)I apologize for hurting your feelingsD)I’m at fault for making you upset38.It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because______.A)it gets one into the habit of making empty promisesB)it may make the other person feel guiltyC)it is vague and ineffectiveD)it is hurtful and insulting39.We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry______.A)the complexities involved should be ignoredB)their ages should be taken into accountC)parents need to set them a good exampleD)parents should be patient and tolerant40.It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is _________.A)a social issue calling for immediate attentionB)not necessary among family membersC)a sign of social progressD) not as simple as it seemsPart III Vocabulary (20minutes)41.Some people believe that since oil is scarce, the ____of the motor industry is uncertain.A)terminal B)benefit C)fate D)estimate42.To speed up the ______of letters, the Post Office introduced automatic sorting.A)treatment B)delivery C)transmission D)departure43.These overseas students show great ______ for learning a new language.A)enthusiasm B)authority C)convention D)faith44.The defense lawyer was questioning the old man who was one of the ______of the murder committed last month.A)observers B)witnesses C)audiences D)viewers45.Politically these nations tend to be ______,with very high birth rates but poor education and very low levels of literacy.A)unstable B)reluctant C)rational D)unsteady46.The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary ________too much work last week.A)take to B)take out C)take away D)take on47."You try to get some sleep. I‘ll _____the patient‘s breakfast, "said the nurse.A)see to B)stick to C)get to D)lead to48.The London Marathon is a difficult race._______, thousands of runners participate every year.A)Therefore B)Furthermore C)Accordingly D)Nevertheless49.The bank refused to ______him any money, so he had to postpone buying a house.A)credit B)borrow C)loan D)lease50.The more a nation‘s companies _______factories abroad, the smaller that country‘s recorded exports will be.A)lie B)spot C)stand D)locate51.Being ignorant of the law is not accepted as an ______for breaking the law.A)excuse B)intention C)option D)approval52.Within two days, the army fired more than two hundred rockets and missiles at military _____in the coastal city.A)goals B)aims C)targets D)destinations53.It is said in some parts of the world, goats, rather than cows, serve as a vital _____of milk.A)storage B) source C)reserve D)resource54. “This light is too ______for me to read by. Don’t we have a brighter bulb some where”; said the elderly man.A)mild B)dim C)minute D)slight55.We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be_______and go another day.A)reliable B)probable C)feasible D)flexible56.We are quite sure that we can ______our present difficulties and finish the task according to schedule.A)get across B)get over C)get away D)get off57.______recent developments we do not think your scheme is practical.A) In view of B) In favor of C)In case of D)In memory of58.Jessica was ______from the warehouse to the accounting office, which was considered a promotion.A)delivered B)exchanged C)transferred D)transformed59.Mr.Smith asked his secretary to ______a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing.A)inject B)install C)invade D)insert60.There‘s the living room still to be _____,so that‘s my next project.A) abandoned B)decorated C)dissolved D)assessed61.The old paper mill has been ______to make way for a new shopping centre.A)held down B)kept down C)cut down D)turn down62.It may be necessary to stop ______in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.A)at a distance B)at intervals C)at case D)at length63.Yor can hire a bicycle in many places. Usually you‘ll have to pay a _________.A)deposit B)deal C)fare D)fond64.My grandfather had always taken a _______interest in my work, and I had an equal admiration for the stories of his time.A)splendid B)weighty C)vague D)keen65.________quantities of water are being used nowadays with the rapid development of industry and agriculture.A) Excessive B)Extensive C) Extreme D)exclusive66.John cannot afford to go to university, _______going abroad.A)nothing but B)anything but C)not to speak of D)nothing to speak of67.Most laboratory and field studies of human behavior ______taking a situational photograph at a given time and in a given place.A)involve B)compose C)enclose D)attach68.If you don’t like to swim, you _____as well stay at home.A)should B)may C)can D)would69.Dr.Smith was always ______the poor and the sick, often providing them with free medical care.A)reminded of B)absorbed in C)tended by D)concerned about70.Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on July 4,1826,the fiftieth_ ______of American Independence.A)ceremony B)occasion C)occurrence D)anniversaryPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)As a physician who travels quite a lot, I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?”announcement. I’ve been 71 only once –for a woman who had merely fainted. But the 72 made me quite curious about how 73 this kind of thing happens I wondered what I would do if 74 with a real midair medical emergency-with out access 75 a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment. So 76 the New England Journal of Medicine last week 77 a study about in –flight medical events. I read it 78 interest.The study estimated that there are a(n) 79 of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights every day. Most of them are not 80;fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints. 81 13% of them –roughly four a day –are serious enough to 82 a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies 83 heart trouble. strokes, and difficulty breathing.Let’s face it: plane rides are 84.For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly 85 they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. Most people can tolerate these pressurespretty 86 ,but passengers with heart disease 87 experience chest pains as result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. 88 common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis –the so-called economy class syndrome (综合症).89 happens, don’t panic. Things are getting better on the in-flight-emergency front. Thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at 90 one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.71 A)called B)addressed C)Informed D)surveyed72 A)Accident B)condition C)incident D)disaster73 A)soon B)long C)many D)often74 A)confronted B)treated C)identified D)provided75 A)for B)to C)by D)through76 A)before B)since C)when D)while77 A)collected B)conducted C)discovered D)published78 A)by B)of C)with D)in79 A)amount B)average C)sum D)number80 A)significant B)heavy C)common D)serious81 A)For B)On C)But D)So82 A)require B)inspire C)engage D)command83 A)include B)confine C)imply D)contain84 A)enjoyable B)stimulating C)tedious D)stressful85 A)who B)what C)which D)that86 A)harshly B)reluctantly C)easily D)casually87 A)ought to B)may C)used to D)need88 A)Any B)One C)Other D)Another89 A)Whatever B)Whichever C)Whenever D)Wherever90 A)most B)worst C)least D)bestPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below : 1．名校校园正成为旅游新热点2．校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同3．我认为……Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?参考答案Part I Listening Comprehension(20 minutes)1. A) See a doctor.2. C) The woman prefers to take the 2:30 train.3. D) She’ll consult Dr.Garcia about entering graduate school.4. A) Alice didn’t seem to be nervous during her speech..5. C) There are more extremes in the weather.6. B) At a bookstore.7. A) The man can stay in her brother’s apartment.8. C) It’s more effective to combine listening with reading.9. B) It will most likely prove ineffective.10. D) Apply for a job in the electronic company.11. D) It reduces the chance of death for heart surgery patients.12. A) It keeps blood vessels from being blocked.13. A) It is harmful to heart surgery patients with stomach bleeding.14. B) They are very likely to succeed in life.15. C) They get less attention from their parents.16. A)They usually don’t follow family rules.17. C)They were puzzled by his decision.18. B) It is much cheaper than space travel.19. B) They can both be quite challenging.20. D) To explain why he took up underwater exploration.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)21. D)People the world over enjoy eating their company’s potato chips22. D)It needs to turn to the word market for development.23. A)consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands24. B)To promote the company‘s strategy of globalization.25. C)will be in the interest of the local people26. A)A huge financial problem has arisen.27. C) They pooled their efforts to help solve it.28. B)unthinkable29. A)To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem.30. D)keep people properly informed of the crisis31. D)put up with32. B)stay away from33. C)doing challenging work may be good for one’s health34. B) the outcome was beyond their control35. C)short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function36. D) the child may feel that he owes her an apology37. B)I’m aware you’re upset ,but I’m not to blame38. C)it is vague and ineffective39. B)their ages should be taken into account40. D) not as simple as it seemsPart III Vocabulary (20minutes)41. C) fate42. B) delivery43. A) enthusiasm44. B) witnesses46. D) take on47. A) see to48. D) Nevertheless49. C) loan50. D) locate51. A) excuse52. C) targets53. B) source54. B)dim55. D) flexible56. B)get over57. A) In view of58. C) transferred59. D) insert60. B) decorated61. D)turn down62. B)at intervals63. A) deposit64. D) keen65. A) Excessive66. C)not to speak of68. B) may69. D)concerned about70. D) anniversaryPart IV Close (15 minutes)71. A) called72. A) Accident73. D)often74. A) confronted75. B) to76. C) when77. D)published78. C)with79. B)average80. D)serious81. C) but82. D)command83. A) include84. D) stressful85. A) who86. C)easily87. C) used to88. B)one89. C)Whenever90. C) leastPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below : 1．名校校园正成为旅游新热点2．校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同3．我认为……Should the University Campus Be Open to tourism?Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attraction. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a goodthing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study . With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.。
大学英语四级考试试题真题精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版大学英语四级考试试题真题试卷一Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what war said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once: After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you maxi read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is, the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This conversation is mostlikely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) “At the office”is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) They went a long way to attend the party.B) They didn’t think much of the food and drinks.C) They knew none of the other guests at the party.D) They enjoyed the party better than the other guests.2. A) To the bookstore.B) To the dentist’s.C) To the market.D) To the post office.3. A) Dr. Andrews has been promoted for his thoroughness.B) She disagrees with Dr. Andrews on many occasions.C) Dr. Andrews used to keep his patients waiting.D) She dislikes Dr. Andrews as much as the new physician.4. A) Tom is usually talkative.B) Tom has a very bad temper.C) Tom has dozens of things to attend to.D) Tom is disliked by his colleagues.5. A) To pickup the woman from the library.B) To make a copy of the schedule for his friend.C) To find out more about the topic for the seminar.D) To get the seminar schedule for the woman.6. A) The woman has to get the textbooks in other ways.B) The woman has sold her used textbooks to the bookstore.C) The man is going to buy his textbooks from a bookstore.D) The man doesn’t want to sell his textbooks to the woman.7. A) Attend a conference.B) Give a speech.C) Meet his lawyer.D) Make a business trip.8. A) Jessie always says what she thinks.B) Jessie seems to have a lot on her mind.C) Jessie is wrong to find fault with her boss.D) Jessie should know the marketing director better.9. A) Helen is talkative.B) Helen is active.C) Helen is sociable.D) Helen is quiet.10.A) Jimmy will regret marrying a Frenchwoman.B) Jimmy is rich enough to buy a big house.C) Jimmy is not serious in making decisions.D) Jimmy’s words are often not reliable.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) It can be used by farmers to protect large buildings.B) It was brought to the northern USA by Asian farmers.C) It has done more harm than good in the southern USA.D) It was introduced into the USA to kill harmful weeds.12. A) People will have to rely on kudzu for a living.B) They will soon be overgrown with kudzu.C) They will become too hard to plough.D) People will find it hard to protect the soil.13. A) The farmers there have brought it under control.B) The factories there have found a good use for it.C) The climate there is unfavorable to its growth.D) The soil there is not so suitable for the plant.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) A business corporation.B) The universe as a whole.C) A society of legal professionals.D) An association of teachers and scholars.15. A) Its largest expansion took place during that period.B) Its role in society went through a dramatic change.C) Small universities combined to form bigger ones.D) Provincial colleges were taken over by larger universities.16. A) Private donations.B) Government funding.C) Grants from corporations.D) Fees paid by students.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) He was wounded in the Spanish civil war.B) He was interested in the study of wild animals.C) He started the organization Heifer International.D) He sold his cows to many countries in the world.18. A) To help starving families to become self-supporting.B) To make plans for the development of poor communities.C) To teach people how to use new skills to raise animals.D) To distribute food to the poor around the world.19. A) They should help other families the way they have been helped.B) They should offer all baby animals to their poor neighbors.C) They should submit a report of their needs and goals.D) They should provide food for the local communities.20. A) It has improved animal breeding skills all over the world.B) It has helped relieve hunger in some developing countries.C) It has promoted international exchange of farming technology.D) It has bridged the gap between the rich and the poor in America.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Passage oneDirections: There are 4 passages in this part, Each passage is followed by some questions at unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on thebest choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic (长久的) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae (CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one-or two-page document describing one’s educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate (公司) culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.●“Educational requirements differ from country to country. Inalmost every case of ‘cross-border’job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not bean adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.”●Pay attention to the resume format you use-chronological or reverse-chronological order. Chronological order means listing your ‘oldest’work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preferences about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format.”●If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient (收件人) uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as ‘tertiary education’in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors.21. Companies are hiring more foreign employees because ________.A) they find foreign employees are usually more talentedB) they need original ideas from employees hired overseasC) they want to expand their business beyond home bordersD) they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home22. The author believes that an individual who applies to work overseas ________.A) is usually creative and full of initiativeB) aims to improve his foreign language skillsC) is dissatisfied with his own life at homeD) seeks either his own or his children’s development23. When it comes to resume writing, it is best to ________.A) take cultural factors into considerationB) learn about the company’s hiring processC) follow appropriate guidelines for job huntingD) know the employer’s personal likes and dislikes24. When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to ________.A) stress their academic potential to impress the decision makerB) give the title of the university degree they have earned at homeC) provide a detailed description of their study and work experiencesD) highlight their keen interest in pursuing a ‘cross-border’career25. According to the author’s last piece of advice, the applicants should be aware of ________.A) the different educational systems in the US and the UKB) the differences between the varieties of EnglishC) the recipient’s preference with regard to the formatD) the distinctive features of American and British culturesPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women’s education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives (激励), provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’s family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy (预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle (恶性循环) of neglect.An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices.She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.26. The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is ________.A) troublesomeB) labor-savingC) rewardingD) expensive27. By saying “... the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling...”(Lines 45, Para. 2). the author means that ________.A) girls will turn out to be less valuable than boysB) girls will be capable of realizing their own dreamsC) girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reachD) girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at home28. The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when ________.A) women care more about educationB) girls can gain equal access to educationC) a family has fewer but healthier childrenD) parents can afford their daughters’education29. What does the author say about women’s education?A) It deserves greater attention than other social issues.B) It is now given top priority in many developing countries.C) It will yield greater returns than other known investments.D) It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists.30. The passage mainly discusses ________.A) unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countriesB) the potential earning power of well-educated womenC) the major contributions of educated women to societyD) the economic and social benefits of educating women。
大学英语四级考试真题及答案完整版
大学英语四级考试真题及答案完整版本文展示的是2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案完整版，供参考。
一、听力部分Section A1. A) Work overtime.2. B) Attend a party.3. D) Solve a problem.4. C) Go to a travel agency.5. B) It is taking longer than expected.6. D) She is under a lot of pressure.7. A) It is too expensive.8. A) Attend a lecture.9. B) Attend a party.10. C) Lend her a belt.Section B11. D) Paying extra for a seat with more leg room.12. C) Designing a more comfortable seat.13. A) Have a baby-sitter look after the children.14. B) The more we learn, the more we realize how much we don't know.15. C) It is an attitude rather than a fixed set of abilities.16. D) She is more patient and listens carefully.17. A) It expands one's knowledge of other cultures.18. B) They don't have enough time to read books.19. C) They are more likely to suffer from depression.20. A) It can improve computer speed.Section C21. C) His picture was taken.22. A) He is wearing a hat.23. B) They look quite similar.24. D) There are a lot of people in the queue.25. C) He considers it as a kind of adventure.26. B) The destination is still undecided.27. D) He wants to forget about the worries of life.28. A) Interacting with others.29. B) They love all kinds of movies.30. C) Karen.Section D31. G) The role of social media in job hunting.32. J) The challenges of job hunting for university graduates.33. A) The importance of face-to-face communication.34. D) Employers' expectations of job seekers.35. L) The effect of internships on job opportunities.36. H) The growing importance of soft skills in job hunting.37. O) Tips for writing a good resume.38. I) The importance of networking in job hunting.39. N) The benefits of developing a positive attitude.40. M) The importance of being proactive in job hunting.二、阅读理解部分Passage One41. D) They have become more common in middle-class families.42. C) They provide parents with useful information.43. A) They may have a negative influence on children's social development.44. B) They should not be the only source of education for children.Passage Two45. A) The share of students from low-income families in American colleges has not increased significantly in recent years.46. D) Students from low-income families are underrepresented in American colleges.47. B) A social class gap in college participation has emerged in America.48. C) Federal financial aid does not necessarily help low-income students to succeed in college.Passage Three49. D) Planning one's visits to national parks.50. B) They are less likely to visit national parks.51. B) They put a lot of pressure on the budgets of local residents.52. A) They could bring in more revenue to local communities.Passage Four53. D) They disturbed the ecological balance in the Great Lakes.54. C) They were brought to the Great Lakes from Asia.55. A) They can cause considerable economic damage.56. C) They are hard to eradicate once established.三、翻译部分57. 他的主要经济来源是他的父亲。
英语四级历年真题参考
英语四级历年真题参考大学英语四级考试，英语四级考试目的是推动大学英语教学大纲的贯彻执行，对大学生的英语能力进行客观、准确的测量，为提高我国大学英语课程的教学质量服务。
下面是小编收集推荐的英语四级历年真题，仅供参考，欢迎阅读。
2019年12月英语四级阅读真题Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, and Europe's stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7million cars, a new study has found, and the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming "status" users, owners are throwing many microwave after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwave which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.A study by the University of Manchester worked out the emissions of carbon dioxide -- the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change -- at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. "It is electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment," say the authors, who also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour to use appliances more efficiently. For example, electricity consumption by microwaves can be reduced by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food."However, David Reay, professor of carbon managementargues that, although microwaves use a great deal of enery, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone and these emit way more than all the emissions from microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69m tonnes of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the whole of the EU." further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other form of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.51. What is the finding of the new study?A) Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.C) CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.D) The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?A) They are becoming more afrdabla.B) They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.C) They are gtting much easier to operate.D) They take less tine to cook than other ppliaces.53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?A) Cooking food of dfferent varieties.B) Improving microwave users' habits.C) Eating less to cut energy consumption.D) Using microwave ovens less frequently.54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?A) There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.B) People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.C) The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.D) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?A) It will become less popular in the coming decades.B) It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.C) It plays a positive role in envronmental protection.D) It consumes more power than conventional cooking.Passage one46.B47.C48.D49.B50.APassage two51.D52.A53.B54.A55.C2019年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate （选民）and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalancein corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.46.What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?A) They have to do more to distinguish themselves.B) They have to strive harder to win their positions.C) They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.D) They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.47.What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?A) They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.B) They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.C) Their failures may have something to do with family duties.D) Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.48.What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?A) Personality traits.B) Gender bias.C) Family responsibilities.D) Lack of vacancies.49.What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?A) More and more women will sit in the boardroom.B) Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.C) The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.D) People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.50.What do most Americans expect to see soon on America's political stage?A) A woman in the highest position of government.B) More and more women actively engaged in politics.C) A majority of women voting for a female president.D) As many women in top government positions as men.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. "An individual's genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays e less key role," he added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. "Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy," he said. "This is largely due to a lower risk ofdying of cardiovascular (心血管的）disease among taller people."But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds."One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s," said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications. "How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in," he said. "If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come."51.What does the global study tell us about people's height in the last hundred years?A) There is a remarkable difference across continents.B) There has been a marked increase in most countries.C) The increase in people's height has been quickening.D) The increase in women's height is bigger than in men's.52.What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people's height?A) It counts less than generally thought.B) It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.C) It impacts more on an individual than on a population.D) It plays a more significant role in females than in males.53.What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?A) They tend to live longer.B) They enjoy an easier life.C) They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.D) They have greater expectations in life.54.What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?A) They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.B) They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.C) They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.D) They have experienced many changes of government.55.What does James Bentham suggest we do?A) Watch closely the global trend in children's development.B) Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.C) Try every means possible to improve our environment.D) Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.Passage one46.D47.C48.B49.D50.APassage two51.B52.C53.A54.B55.D2018年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.For thousands of years, people have known that the best wayto understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. "While we teach, we learn," said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They're documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who're learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the "teachable agent"—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty's Brain, who has been "taught" about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking.Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances thetutors' learning. The agents' questions compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.Above all, it's the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else's accomplishment.46. What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?A.Seneca's thinking is still applicable today.B.Better learners will become better teachers.C.Human intelligence tends to grow with age.D.Philosophical thinking improves instruction.47. What do we learn about Betty's Brain?A.It is a character in a popular animation.B.It is a teaching tool under development.C.It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.D.It is a tutor for computer science students.48. How does teaching others benefit student tutors?A.It makes them aware of what they are strong at.B.It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.C.It helps them learn their academic subjects better.D.It enables them to better understand their teachers.49. What do students do to teach their teachable agents?A.They motivate them to think independently.B.They ask them to design their own questions.C.They encourage them to give prompt feedback.D.They use various ways to explain the materials.50. What is the key factor that eases student tutors' learning?A.Their sense of responsibility.B.Their emotional involvement.C.The learning strategy acquired.D.The teaching experience gained.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的) generation—has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think it's easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. And they assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they're not interested inbecoming a boss or top manager; only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennials (ages 18-32), conducted Oct. 7-27, 2013. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man's world—just as middle-aged and older women do.51.What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers?A.They can get ahead only by striving harder.B.They expect to succeed just like Millennial men.C.They are generally quite optimistic about their future.D.They are better educated than their male counterparts.52.How do most Millennial women feel about their treatment in the workplace?A.They are the target of discrimination.B.They find it satisfactory on the whole.C.They think it needs further improving.D.They find their complaints ignored.53.What do Millennial women value most when coming of age?A.A sense of accomplishment.B.Job stability and flexibility.C.Rewards and promotions.D.Joy derived from work.54.What are women in their 30s and 40s concerned about?A.The welfare of their children.B.The narrowing of the gender gap.C.The fulfillment of their dreams in life.D.The balance between work and family.55.What conclusion can be drawn about Millennial women from the 2013 survey?A.They still view this world as one dominated by males.B.They account for half the workforce in the job market.C.They see the world differently from older generations.D.They do better in work than their male counterparts.Passage one46.A47.B48.C49.D50.BPassage two51.D52.C53.B54.D55.A。
大学英语四级考试试题真题 (13)
大学英语四级考试试题真题Passage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.As soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine had discovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm ( 火器) fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and they are now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one."The Constitution," said the association's spokesman, "gives everyone the right to own arms. It doesn't spell out what kind of arms. But since anyone can now make a hydrogen bomb, the public should be able to buy it to protect themselves.""Don't you think it's dangerous to have one in the house, particularly where there are children around?""The National Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon. We are instructing owners to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse (导火索) separately in a drawer.""Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody."The spokesman said, "Hydrogen bombs don't kill people - people kill people. The bomb is for self-protection and it also has a deterrent effect.If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, they're going to think twice about breaking in.""But those who want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that if you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder ( 侵入者)""Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that at the moment it is very expensive to build one. So what your association is backing is a program which would allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns."26. According to the passage, some people started a national association so as to .A) instruct people how to keep the bomb safe at homeB) coordinate the mass production of the destructive weaponC) promote the large-scale sale of this newly invented weaponD) block any legislation to ban the private possession of the bomb27. Some people oppose the ownership of H-bombs by individuals on the grounds thatA) they may fall into the hands of criminalsB) people's lives will be threatened by the weaponC) most people don't know how to handle the weaponD) the size of the bomb makes it difficult to keep in a drawer28. By saying that the bomb also has a deterrent effect the spokesman means that it .A) can kill those entering others' houses by forceB) will threaten the safety of the owners as wellC) will frighten away any possible intrudersD) can show the special status of its owners29. According to the passage, opponents of the private ownership of H-bombs are very much worried that .A) the cost of the weapon will put citizens on an unequal basisB) the wide use of the weapon will push up living expenses tremendouslyC) poorly-educated Americans will find it difficult to make use of the weaponD) the influence of the association is too powerful for the less privileged to overcome30. From the tone of the passage we know that the author is .A) not serious about the private ownership of H-bombsB) concerned about the spread of nuclear weaponsC) doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safetyD) unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombsPart III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.31. This is not an economical way to get more water; , it is very expensive.A) or else C) on the contraryB) in short D) on the other hand32. First published in 1927, the charts remain an source for researchers.A) intelligent C) inevitableB) indispensable D) identical33. You should try to your ambition and be more realistic.A) restrain C) reserveB) retain D) replace34. There is a of impatience in the tone of his voice.A) dot C) notionB) hint D) phrase35. Deserts and high mountains have always been a to the movement of people from place to place.A) jam C) fenceB) barrier D) prevention36. Joe is not good at sports, but when it mathematics, he is the best in the class.A) comes up to C) comes toB) comes around to D) comes on to37. Please dictionaries when you are not sure of word spelling or meaning.A) search C) inquireB) seek D) consult38. Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising hasthe quality of the programs.A) affected C) lessenedB) effected D) declined39. She keeps a supply of candles in the house in case of power .A) drop C) failureB) lack D) absence40. For more than 20 years, we've been supporting educationalprograms that from kindergartens to colleges.A) spread C) moveB) shift D) range41. I was so in today's history lesson. I didn’t understand a thing.A) confused C) amusedB) neglected D) amazed42. I must congratulate you the excellent design of the new bridge.A) with C) onB) at D) of43. Now that spring is here, you can these fur coats till you need them again next winter.A) put over C) put downB) put off D) put away44. I went along thinking of nothing only looking at things around me.A) in brief C) in harmonyB) in doubt D) in particular45. In order to make things convenient for the people, the department is planning to set up some shops in the residential area.A) flowing C) driftingB) mobile D) Unstable46. The lecture which lasted about three hours was so that the audience couldn't help yawning.A) tedious C) boredB) clumsy D) tired47. It you to at least 50% off the regular price of either frames or lenses when you buy both.A) credits C) presentsB) entitles D) tips48. When carbon is added to iron in proper the result is steel.A) rates C) proportionsB) densities D) thicknesses49. There is a fully health center on the ground floor of the main office building.A) equippedC) providedB) projectedD) installed50. Nancy is only a sort of of her husband's opinion and has no ideas of her own.A) shadow C) reproductionB) sample D) echo51. Mr. Smith says: "The media are very good at sensing a mood and then it."A) exaggerating C) wideningB) overtaking D) enlarging52. The at the military academy is so rigid that students can hardly bear it.A) confinement C) disciplineB) convention D) principle53. Doctors warned against chewing tobacco as a for smoking.A) succession C) revivalB) substitute D) relief54. It was the first time that such a had to be taken at a British nuclear power station.A) presentation C) predictionB) preparation D) precaution55. The board of the company has decided to its operations to include all aspects of the clothing business.A) multiply C) lengthenB) stretch D) expand56. The test results are beyond ; they have been repeated in labs all over the world.A) conflict C) bargainB) dispute D) negotiation57. The group of technicians are engaged in a study which all aspects of urban planning.A) embraces C) insertsB) performs D) grips58. that he wasn't happy with the arrangements, I tried to booka different hotel.A) Puzzling C) PerceivingB) Penetrating D) Preserving59. His business, was very successful, but it was at the of his family life.A) exhaustion C) creditB) consumption D) expense60. At yesterday's party, Elizabeth's boyfriend amused us by Charlie Chaplin.A) modeling C) followingB) imitating D) copyingPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing history education in America. It's the one 61 the teacher standing in the schoolroom door 62 goodbye to students for the summer and calling 63 them, "By the way, we won World War II."The problem with the joke, of course, is that it's 64 funny. The recent surveys on 65illiteracy (无知) are beginning to numb(令人震惊): nearly one third of American 17-year-oldscannot even 66 which countries the United States 67 against in that war. One third have no 68 when the Declaration of Independence was 69 . One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly 70 the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. 71 when they get the answers right, some are 72 guessing.Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be 73 connected to loss of international 74 . But it does affect our future 75 a democratic nation and as individuals.The 76 news is that there is growing agreement 77 what is wrong with the 78of history and what needs to be 79 to fix it. The steps are tentative(尝试性的) 80 yetto be felt in most classrooms.61. A) in B) by C) for D) about62. A) waving B) nodding C) shaking D)speaking63. A) in B) up C) after D) for64. A) not B) too C) so D) rarely65. A) political B) cultural C) educational D) historical66. A) convey B) identify C) acknowledge D) distinguish67. A) struck B) attacked C) fought D) defeated68. A) doubt B) idea C) reason D) sense69. A) signed B) edited C) marked D) printed70. A) get B) judge C) place D) lock71. A) Thus B) So C) Though D) Even72. A)just B) ever C) still D) hardly73. A) shortly B) directly C) exclusively D) practically74. A) community B) commitment C) comprehension D)competitiveness75. A) with B) for C) as D) of76. A) good B) fine C) surprising D) nice77. A)of B) to C) on D) with78. A) coaching B) teaching C) consulting D) instructing79. A) dealt B) done C) met D) reached80. A) and B) or C) as D) thereforePart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines: Your role: a tour guideYour audience: a group of foreign touristsYour introduction should include:●some welcoming words●the schedule for the day●a description of the place the tourists will be visiting(e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.)A brief introduction to a tourist attraction参考答案听力1-5 ACDDA6-10 BCDBAS1. popularS2. historicalS3. printsS4. instrumentsS5. permittedS6. establishedS7. destroyedS8. In 1897, the library moved into its own building across the street from the CapitolS9. The library provides books and materials to the US Congress and also lends books to other American libraries, government agencies and foreign libraries.S10. Anyone who wants copyright protection for a publication in the US must send two copies to the library.阅读理解11-15 CBDCA16-20 BDBCA21-25 DDCBC26-30 DBCAB词汇31-35 CBABB36-40 CDACD41-45 ACDDB46-50 ABCAD51-55 ACBDD56-60 BACDB完形填空61-65 DACAD66-70 BCBAC71-75 DABDC76-80 ACBBA作文：[参考范文]A brief introduction to a tourist attractionGood morning, ladies and gentleman, welcome to Beijing. To begin with, I would like to introduce myself: I am the tourist guide from China Travel Service and it’s great honor to stay here with all of you for a whole day. Just as the old saying goes, “It is always a pleasure to greet a friend from afar”, I wish all of you to enjoy yourselves during this trip.The following is schedule of the day. The first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall, the grandest fortification in ancient China. The next sight to look around is the Ming Tombs, which is one of the best-preserved tombs for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty more than onethousand years ago. In the afternoon, we will go for the Summer Palace, the royal park for Chinese ancient emperors.Currently we are on the way to the Great Wall. Dating back to the seven century B.C., the Great Wall is constructed by respective states for fortifying against invasion of neighboring states. By the reasons of long history and its length, it becomes one of the eight wonders in the world and represents the highest wisdom and crafts. From the top of the Great Wall, we can enjoy a magnificent view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers. It is no doubt that one says, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man”.Above is my introduction to the Great Wall. If any of you have questions, please feel free to ask me at any time.。
大学英语四级历年真题及答案(经典版
大学英语四级历年真题及答案英语四级Part ⅠWriting (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象2.出现这一现象的原因3.我对这一现象的看法和建议On Excessive PackagingPart ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C）and D). For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Small Schools RisingThis year's list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, those with fewer students are flourishing.Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers(二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人) came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency.A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies(官僚机构)，the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students.SAT scores began dropping in 1963;today,on average,30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary(and some middle)schools, high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress.Size isn't everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due ,in part ,to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools-most of them with about 400 kids each with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade, About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schoolers and 18 graduates this year. It embracesdistrict-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and the Science and Engineering Magnet,with383,which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery(抽签)，such as H-B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band.Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif, is one of those, ranking No.423-among the top 2% in the country-on Newsweek's annual ranking of America's top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating Classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full ,Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007.Although many of Hillsdale's students came from wealthy households, by the late 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname (绰号) "Hillsjail. " Jeff Gilbert. A Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, "How did that student graduate?"So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three "houses," romantically named Florence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly(随机地) assigned to one of the houses. Where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of "advisory" classes Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they are deeply invested in the students' success."We're constantly talking about one another's advisers," says English teacher Chris Crockett. "If you hear that yours isn't doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean's office, it's like a personal failure." Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95."It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics," says Gilbert "Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them."But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution.The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as in years past, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Overthe years this system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it's easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they'd like.Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38 superintendents(地区教育主管)from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation."It is impossible to know which high schools are 'the best' in the nation, "their letter read. in part. "Determining whether different schools do or don't offer a high quality of education requires a look at man different measures, including students' overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in college. And taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities."In the end, the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought, which is, after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here, we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won't be necessary.注意：此部分试题请在答卡1上作答.1．Fifty years ago. big. Modern. Suburban high schools were established in the hope of __________.A) ensuring no child is left behindB) increasing economic efficiencyC) improving students' performance on SA TD)providing good education for baby boomers2. What happened as a result of setting up big schools?A)Teachers' workload increased.B)Students' performance declined.C)Administration became centralized.D)Students focused more on test scores.3.What is said about the schools forded by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation?A)They are usually magnet schools.B)They are often located in poor neighborhoods.C)They are popular with high-achieving students.D)They are mostly small in size.4.What is most noticeable about the current trend in high school education?A)Some large schools have split up into smaller ones.B)A great variety of schools have sprung up in urban and suburban areas.C)Many schools compete for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds.D)Students have to meet higher academic standards.5.Newsweek ranked high schools according to .A)their students' academic achievementB)the number of their students admitted to collegeC)the size and number of their graduating classesD)their college-level test participation6.What can we learn about Hillsdale's students in the late 1990s?A)They were made to study hard like prisoners.B)They called each other by unaffectionate nicknames.C)Most of them did not have any sense of discipline,D)Their school performance was getting worse.7.According to Jeff Gilbert, the "advisory" classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could .A)tell their teachers what they did on weekendsB)experience a great deal of pleasure in learningC)maintain closer relationships with their teachersD)tackle the demanding biology and physics courses8.________is still considered a strength of Newsweek's school ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives.9.According to the 38 superintendents, to rank schools scientifically, it is necessary to use________.10.To better serve the children and our nation, schools students to take________.Part ⅢListening Comprehension (35minutes)Section ADirections: in this section you will hear 8 short conversations, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)、B）、C）and D)、and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答案卡2上作案。
大学英语四级真题CET及答案解析
大学英语四级真题C E T及答案解析集团标准化工作小组 [Q8QX9QT-X8QQB8Q8-NQ8QJ8-M8QMN]2015年6月份英语四级真题（CET4）未得到监考老师指令前，不得翻阅该试题册!Part 1 Writing (30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and them comment on this kind of modern life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.THIS MODERN LIFE:WORK HOME PLAY SLEEP请用黑色签字笔在答题卡1指定区域作答作文题，在试题册上的作答无效。
Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will bear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each questions there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 1 with a single line through the center.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答1. A) He is pleased to sit on the committee C) He will tellthe woman his decision laterB) He is willing to offer the woman a hand D) He would like to become a club member2. A) Their planned trip to Vancouver is obviously overpricedB) They should borrow a guide book instead of buying oneC ) The guide books in the library have the latest informationD) The library can help order guide books about Vancouver3. A) He regrets having taken the history courseB) He finds little interests in history booksC) He has trouble finishing his reading assignmentsD) He has difficulty in writing the weekly book report4. A) The man had better choose another restaurantB) The new restaurant is a perfect place for datingC) The new restaurant caught her fancy immediatelyD) The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant5. A) He has been looking forward to sping C) He will clean the woman’s boots for springC) He has been waiting for the winter sale D) He will help the woman put things away6. A) At a tailor’s C) In a cloth storeB) At Bob’s home D) In a theatre7. A) His guests favors Tibetan drinks C) Mineral water is good for healthB) His water is quite extraordinary D) Plain water will serve the purpose8. A) Report the result of a discussion C) Submit an important documentationB) Raise some environmental issues D) Revise an environmental reportQuestions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you just heard9. A) They pollute the soil used to cover themB) They are harmful to nearby neighborhoodsC) The rubbish in them takes long to dissolveD) The gas they emit is extremely poisonous10. A) Growing populations C) Changed eating habitsB) Packaging materials D) Lower production cost11. A) By saving energy C) By reducing poisonous wastesB) By using less aluminum D) By making the most of materials12. A) We are running out of natural resources soonB) Only combined efforts can make a differenceC) The waste problem will eventually hurt all of usD) All of us can actually benefit from recyclingQuestions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) Miami C) BellinghamB) Vancouver D) Boston14. A) To get information on one-way tickets to CanadaB) To inquire about the price of “Super saver ” seatsC) To get advice on how to fly as cheaply as possibleD) To inquire about the shortest route to drive home15. A) Join a tourist group C) Avoid trips in public holidaysB) Choose a major airline D) Book tickets as early as possibleSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marketed A), B),C) and D). Then marked the correspond letter on Answer sheet I with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
大学英语四级真题及答案
2016年6月英语四级考试真题及答案Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty。
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。
Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections： In this section， there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Physical activity does the body good，and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise， whether at school or on their own，26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 ， investigators found that the more children moved， the better their grades were in school，29 in the basic subjects of math， English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the . 31 in recent years， some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show，exercise and academics may not be 32exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain， fueling memory，attention and creativity，which are 34to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress， which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around，they may actually be exercising their brains as well.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答. A）attendanceB）consequentlyC）currentD）depressingE）droppingF）essentialG）feasibleH）flowI）moodJ）mutuallyK）particularlyL）performanceM）reviewN）surviveO）tendSection BDirections： In this section， you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment， Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home， or has the industry simply hired better interior designers？ Are nursing homes as bad as people fear， or is that an out-moded stereotype （固定看法）？Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places？ It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care， let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies， published in The journal of Applied Gerontology， surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living， nursing homes and smaller residential care homes （known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes）. Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life， emotional well-being and social interaction， as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types，” said the lead author of the study， Julie Robison， an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonableassumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffe r real guilt if they can’t？[F] In the initial results， assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities， for instance，and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables， such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type，they found，that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in， combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are， their age and marital status，” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health，therefore， might be no less depressed in assisted living （even if her children preferred it） than in a nursing home. A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home， other factors being equal. It is an interaction between theperson and the place， not the sort of place in itself， that leads t o better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say，‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off，” Dr. Robison said. What matters，she added，“is a combination of what people bring in with them，an d what they find there.”[I] Such findings， which run counter to common sense， have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living， for instance， University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type， size or age； whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness， mental decline， hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.[J] As I was considering all this， a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk，announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As amatter of fact， consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities， the lowest rated， than with the five-star ones. （More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.）[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing？—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane， a geriatrician（老年病学专家）at the University of North Carolina：“In a way， that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course， sons and daughters want to visit the facilities，talk to the administrators and residents and other families， and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr. S loane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas， too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant， inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived， thoughthe visit had been planned； nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room， they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there， and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research， that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.it helps for children to investigate care facilities，involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A），B），C） and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence（AI）becomes increasingly sophisticated， there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided， according to computer science professor Stuart Russell， if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks，it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example， if a robot does chores around the house， you would n’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values，” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example， mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences，but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space，you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines，if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌）.One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave， it has the opportunity to stop， send out beeps（嘟嘟声）， and ask for direc tions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision， we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral， and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer， robots could be good for humanity.does the author say about the threat of robots？A）It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers.B）It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C）It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D）It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author？A）They are aggressive.B）They are outgoing.C）They are ignorant.D）They are ill-bred.do robots learn human values？A）By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B）By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C）By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D）By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation？A）keep a distance from possible dangers.B）Stop to seek advice from a human being.C）Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D）Do sufficient testing before taking action.is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code？A）Determine what is moral and ethical.B）Design some large-scale experiments.C）Set rules for man-machine interaction.D）Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others？ You know the standard explanations：keeping a moderate diet，engaging in regular exercise， etc. But what effect does your personality haveon your longevity（长寿）？Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives？ A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing，more active and less neurotic （神经质的） than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory： those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly， however， other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined，for instance， were no more likely to live to be very old. Also，being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life， which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the newpaper suggests that if you want long life， you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately，another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28，000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious， depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults， which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn’t destiny（命运）， and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.A）to see whether people’s personality affects their life span B）to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their health C）to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life D）to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people？A）They have a good understanding of evolution.B）They are better at negotiating an agreement.C）They generally appear more resourceful.D）They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation？A）Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B）Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C）Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D）Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show？A）Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B）People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C）Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’.D）Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect the ir children’s life spans.can we learn from the findings of the two new studies？A）Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.B）Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C）Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D）Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 2.功夫（Kong Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称.中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要，狩猎活动以及古代中国的军士训练.它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练.它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素.作为中国的国宝，武术有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式.有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想，神话和传说的启发四级写作：第一版For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear Mary,I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help when I was in difficulty. You have been very kind and helpful since we knew each other.Last week, I caught a bad cold and had to stay at home for a week. When I was worrying about the lessons, you came to my home after school and helped me with every subject. With your help, I didn’t fall behind others.Again, thanks so much for your enthusiastic help. Even though you are to about to go abroad for further education I know that I will always stay in touch with you. I wish you every success in the future and I hope we can exchange more viewpoints on study.Please keep in touch, and drop in and visit us whenever you are in this part of the world.Very sincerelyPeter第二版For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your school teachers upon entering college. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear sir,I am writing to you to express my thanks for your help in learning English. You are one of the best teachers who I have ever met .There are many good points that I learn from you.During these days in your class, I have acquired much knowledge from you and it really helps me a lot. Firstly, you let me know what the west thinking pattern is —straight thinking pattern. As an English learner, it is important for me to understand the difference between them. There is no denying the fact that this can help me with my examination and interaction with foreigners. What’s more, I’m glad to be your student, and I am very happy to learn the course under your guidance. English is an important tool, through whichwe can share our experience with the world. I treasure the chance of learning English, and I enjoy the happiness from your course.The last not the least, please forgive those mistakes I have made which may upset you. What I have learned from you will help me pass the coming examinations and also be useful for my further education in abroad. It is not only a progress of learning, but also a cultivation of my ability.May everything go well around you.Your student,Li ling第三版For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear parents,This letter is to tell you my true feelings from the bottom of my heart. Although we can keep in virtual touch every day, I still feel it not enough to let you know how much I love you and how much I’ve appreciated what you’ve done for me.In the past 20 years, you have done a lot for me. Firstly, thank you so much for bringing me up. I know how hard you've being working in the past. I can imagine how many difficulties and obstacles you've conquered. Second, I want to thank you for your good education on me. There is an old saying goes like this “parents are the first teachers to their children”. Both of you are the typical ones. The most important thing that I want to say “thank you” is for your great admiration on my own freedom. You told me to look over the horizons and to pursuit my own dreams without hesitation.I really feel that my pen fails me when I am writing this thank you letter. The only thing I hope you can do for me is to take good care of yourselves and you will be always proud of me.Yours belovedSon四级翻译（功夫）：功夫（Kung Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称.中国武术的起源可以追溯自卫的需要,狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练，它是中国传统体育运动的一种.年轻人，老年人都练，它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素，作为中国的国宝，功夫有上百种的风格，是世界上练得最多的艺术形式，有些风格模仿了动物的动作.还有一些则受到中国哲学思想，神话和传说的启发.Kung Fu is the folk name of Chinese martial arts, which dates back to the need of self-defense, hunting, and military drill in ancient China. It is one of China’s traditional sports, and all people, old and young, would participate in. It has gradually evolved into a unique element of the Chinese culture. As a national treasure of China, it has hundreds of styles. Meanwhile, it is also the most practiced art form in the world. Some styles imitate the movements of animals, while others are inspired by Chinese philosophy, myth and legend.四级翻译（木匠）：在山东省潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志.潍坊以“风筝之都”而闻名，已有将近2400年放飞风筝的历史.传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞的第一天风筝就坠落并摔坏了，也有人相信风筝是中国古代木匠鲁班发明的.据说他的风筝用木头和竹子制作，飞了三天后才落地.In Weifang, Shandong, kites are not only for entertainment. It also symbolizes the culture of the city. Weifang is known as the “capital of kites” with a history of nearly 2,400 years in flying kites. It is said that the ancient Chinese philosopher Motze took three years to make the first kite right in Weifang. It fell and broke, however, on its first day of flying. Some also belives that it was the carpenter LuBan that fist invented the kite. It’s said that his kite was made of wood and bamboo and it landed after three days’ flying.四级翻译（乌镇）乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔.这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆.在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明的博物馆.乌镇所有房屋都用石木建造.数百年来，当地人沿着河边建起了住宅和集市.无数宽敞美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都会有惊喜的发现.Wuzhen, an ancient water town of Zhejiang province, is located near the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. It is a charming place. Many ancient bridges, Chinese style hotels and restaurants dwell there.In the past one thousand years, the water system and the way of life there haven't changed much, so it is a museum of ancient civilizations. All rooms in Wuzhen are made of stone and wood. Over hundreds of years, the locals have built houses and markets along the riverbank. Numerous spacious and pretty courtyards hide in those houses, serving as surprises and waiting to be found by the tourists.四级阅读选词填空26. 正确选项 O tend27. 正确选项 M review28. 正确选项 L performance29. 正确选项 K particularly30. 正确选项 N survive31. 正确选项 E dropping32. 正确选项 J mutually33. 正确选项 H flow34. 正确选项 F essential35. 正确选项 I mood段落匹配36. 正确选项 E37. 正确选项 L38. 正确选项 B39. 正确选项 H40. 正确选项 N41. 正确选项 J42. 正确选项 F43. 正确选项 C44. 正确选项 I45. 正确选项 G仔细阅读Passage one46. 正确选项C. It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.47. 正确选项 D. They are ill-bred.48. 正确选项 C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.49. 正确选项 D. Do sufficient testing before taking action.50. 正确选项 A. Determine what is moral and ethical.Passage Two51. 正确选项 A. to see whether people’s personality affects their life span52. 正确选项 D. They are more likely to get over hardship.53. 正确选项 C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.54. 正确选项 D. Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans..55. 正确选项 B. Longevity results form a combination of mental and physical health.听力部分1. C) Rising unemployment worldwide.2. C) Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.3. B) Put calorie information on the menu.4. A) They will be fined.5. D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. B) It is the creation of something new.7. C) Its innovation culture.12. A) He wants to change his job assignment.13. A) His workload was much too heavy.14. C) His boss has a lot of trust in him.15. D) Talk to his boss in person first.16 A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life17 C) They get less and less sleep18 D) Their blood pressure will rise19. B) What course you are going to choose20. D) The personal statement21. C） Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject22 B) It was built in the late 19th century.23 D) They often broke down.24 A) They were produced on the assembly line.25 C) It marked a new era in motor travel.。
2024年大学英语四级真题试卷及答案19
2024年大学英语四级真题试卷及答案192024年大学英语四级真题试卷及答案19一、写作部分在2024年大学英语四级考试中，写作部分仍然占据重要的地位。
这部分主要考察学生的英语书面表达能力和逻辑思维能力。
今年的写作题目如下：假设你是李华，写一封邮件给你的美国朋友John，介绍中国的餐桌礼仪。
亲爱的John，我非常感谢你一直以来对我的关心和支持。
今天我想和你分享一些关于中国餐桌礼仪的知识。
在中国，餐桌礼仪是非常重要的。
首先，我们强调的是让长辈先动筷子，这表示我们对长辈的尊重。
其次，我们在用餐时应该保持文雅，不能大声喧哗。
此外，我们还应注意不要用自己的筷子给别人夹菜，因为这不符合卫生习惯。
除了上述基本的餐桌礼仪外，还有很多其他的细节需要留意。
例如，我们不能将筷子竖直插在米饭中，因为这象征着祭拜亡灵。
同时，我们也不能将口中的食物吐回餐碟中，因为这会让人觉得恶心。
总的来说，中国的餐桌礼仪是一个很好的社交规范，它能够帮助我们更好地融入社会，同时提高我们的个人素养。
我希望这封邮件能够帮助你更好地了解中国的餐桌礼仪。
最后，再次感谢你对我的关心和支持。
如果你有任何问题或需要更多的信息，请随时联系我。
祝好，李华二、翻译部分在翻译部分，今年的试题仍然注重学生对英语语法和词汇的掌握情况。
以下是一篇英文短文的翻译：Cloud computing is a computing model that provides users with high-quality services such as data storage, network connection, and CPU usage through a cloud network without purchasing and maintaining expensive hardware and software. It allows users to access the necessary resources and applications anytime and anywhere. Cloud computing is widely used in various fields, such as business, education, medicine, and government agencies. It has become an important part of the digital economy and has brought huge changes to traditional computing models. However, with the continuous development of cloud computing, security issues have become increasingly prominent. Hackers can easilysteal personal information and sensitive data through various channels, which poses a threat to personal privacy and financial security. Therefore, it is urgent to take measures to ensure the security of cloud computing.三、阅读理解部分在阅读理解部分，试题涵盖了多个题材，包括社会、科技、文化、历史等。
大学英语四级考试试题真题-(13)精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版大学英语四级考试试题真题Passage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.As soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine had discovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm ( 火器) fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and they are now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one."The Constitution," said the association's spokesman, "gives everyone the right to own arms. It doesn't spell out what kind of arms. But since anyone can now make a hydrogen bomb, the public should be able to buy it to protect themselves.""Don't you think it's dangerous to have one in the house, particularly where there are children around?""The National Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon. We are instructing owners to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse (导火索) separately in a drawer.""Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody."The spokesman said, "Hydrogen bombs don't kill people - people killpeople. The bomb is for self-protection and it also has a deterrent effect. If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, they're going to think twice about breaking in.""But those who want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that if you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder ( 侵入者)""Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that at the moment it is very expensive to build one. So what your association is backing is a program which would allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns."26. According to the passage, some people started a national association so as to .A) instruct people how to keep the bomb safe at homeB) coordinate the mass production of the destructive weaponC) promote the large-scale sale of this newly invented weaponD) block any legislation to ban the private possession of the bomb27. Some people oppose the ownership of H-bombs by individuals on the grounds thatA) they may fall into the hands of criminalsB) people's lives will be threatened by the weaponC) most people don't know how to handle the weaponD) the size of the bomb makes it difficult to keep in a drawer28. By saying that the bomb also has a deterrent effect the spokesman means that it .A) can kill those entering others' houses by forceB) will threaten the safety of the owners as wellC) will frighten away any possible intrudersD) can show the special status of its owners29. According to the passage, opponents of the private ownership of H-bombs are very much worried that .A) the cost of the weapon will put citizens on an unequal basisB) the wide use of the weapon will push up living expenses tremendouslyC) poorly-educated Americans will find it difficult to make use of the weaponD) the influence of the association is too powerful for the less privileged to overcome30. From the tone of the passage we know that the author is .A) not serious about the private ownership of H-bombsB) concerned about the spread of nuclear weaponsC) doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home forsafetyD) unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombsPart III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.31. This is not an economical way to get more water; , it is very expensive.A) or else C) on the contraryB) in short D) on the other hand32. First published in 1927, the charts remain an source for researchers.A) intelligent C) inevitableB) indispensable D) identical33. You should try to your ambition and be more realistic.A) restrain C) reserveB) retain D) replace34. There is a of impatience in the tone of his voice.A) dot C) notionB) hint D) phrase35. Deserts and high mountains have always been a to the movement of people from place to place.A) jam C) fenceB) barrier D) prevention36. Joe is not good at sports, but when it mathematics, he is the best in the class.A) comes up to C) comes toB) comes around to D) comes on to37. Please dictionaries when you are not sure of word spelling or meaning.A) search C) inquireB) seek D) consult38. Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising hasthe quality of the programs.A) affected C) lessenedB) effected D) declined39. She keeps a supply of candles in the house in case of power .A) drop C) failureB) lack D) absence40. For more than 20 years, we've been supporting educational programs that from kindergartens to colleges.A) spread C) moveB) shift D) range41. I was so in today's history lesson. I didn’t understand a thing.A) confused C) amusedB) neglected D) amazed42. I must congratulate you the excellent design of the new bridge.A) with C) onB) at D) of43. Now that spring is here, you can these fur coats till you need them again next winter.A) put over C) put downB) put off D) put away44. I went along thinking of nothing only looking at things around me.A) in brief C) in harmonyB) in doubt D) in particular45. In order to make things convenient for the people, the department is planning to set up some shops in the residential area.B) mobile D) Unstable46. The lecture which lasted about three hours was so that the audience couldn't help yawning.A) tedious C) boredB) clumsy D) tired47. It you to at least 50% off the regular price of either frames or lenses when you buy both.A) credits C) presentsB) entitles D) tips48. When carbon is added to iron in proper the result is steel.A) rates C) proportionsB) densities D) thicknesses49. There is a fully health center on the ground floor of the main office building.A) equippedC) providedB) projectedD) installed50. Nancy is only a sort of of her husband's opinion and has no ideas of her own.A) shadow C) reproduction51. Mr. Smith says: "The media are very good at sensing a mood and then it."A) exaggerating C) wideningB) overtaking D) enlarging52. The at the military academy is so rigid that students can hardly bear it.A) confinement C) disciplineB) convention D) principle53. Doctors warned against chewing tobacco as a for smoking.A) succession C) revivalB) substitute D) relief54. It was the first time that such a had to be taken at a British nuclear power station.A) presentation C) predictionB) preparation D) precaution55. The board of the company has decided to its operations to include all aspects of the clothing business.A) multiply C) lengthenB) stretch D) expand56. The test results are beyond ; they have been repeated in labs all over the world.B) dispute D) negotiation57. The group of technicians are engaged in a study which all aspects of urban planning.A) embraces C) insertsB) performs D) grips58. that he wasn't happy with the arrangements, I tried to booka different hotel.A) Puzzling C) PerceivingB) Penetrating D) Preserving59. His business, was very successful, but it was at the of his family life.A) exhaustion C) creditB) consumption D) expense60. At yesterday's party, Elizabeth's boyfriend amused us by Charlie Chaplin.A) modeling C) followingB) imitating D) copyingPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side ofthe paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing history education in America. It's the one 61 the teacher standing in the schoolroom door 62 goodbye to students for the summer and calling 63 them, "By the way, we won World War II."The problem with the joke, of course, is that it's 64 funny. The recent surveys on 65illiteracy (无知) are beginning to numb(令人震惊): nearly one third of American 17-year-oldscannot even 66 which countries the United States 67 against in that war. One third have no 68 when the Declaration of Independence was 69 . One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly 70 the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. 71 when they get the answers right, some are 72 guessing.Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be 73 connected to loss of international 74 . But it does affect our future 75 a democratic nation and as individuals.The 76 news is that there is growing agreement 77 what is wrong with the 78of history and what needs to be 79 to fix it. The steps are tentative (尝试性的) 80 yetto be felt in most classrooms.61. A) in B) by C) for D) about62. A) waving B) nodding C) shaking D)speaking63. A) in B) up C) after D) for64. A) not B) too C) so D) rarely65. A) political B) cultural C) educational D) historical66. A) convey B) identify C) acknowledge D) distinguish67. A) struck B) attacked C) fought D) defeated68. A) doubt B) idea C) reason D) sense69. A) signed B) edited C) marked D) printed70. A) get B) judge C) place D) lock71. A) Thus B) So C) Though D) Even72. A)just B) ever C) still D) hardly73. A) shortly B) directly C) exclusively D) practically74. A) community B) commitment C) comprehension D)competitiveness75. A) with B) for C) as D) of76. A) good B) fine C) surprising D) nice77. A)of B) to C) on D) with78. A) coaching B) teaching C) consulting D) instructing79. A) dealt B) done C) met D) reached80. A) and B) or C) as D) thereforePart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines: Your role: a tour guideYour audience: a group of foreign touristsYour introduction should include:●some welcoming words●the schedule for the day●a description of the place the tourists will be visiting(e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.)A brief introduction to a tourist attraction参考答案听力1-5 ACDDA6-10 BCDBAS1. popularS2. historicalS3. printsS4. instrumentsS5. permittedS6. establishedS7. destroyedS8. In 1897, the library moved into its own building across the street from the CapitolS9. The library provides books and materials to the US Congress and also lends books to other American libraries, government agencies and foreign libraries.S10. Anyone who wants copyright protection for a publication in the US must send two copies to the library.阅读理解11-15 CBDCA16-20 BDBCA21-25 DDCBC26-30 DBCAB词汇31-35 CBABB36-40 CDACD41-45 ACDDB46-50 ABCAD51-55 ACBDD56-60 BACDB完形填空61-65 DACAD66-70 BCBAC71-75 DABDC76-80 ACBBA作文：[参考范文]A brief introduction to a tourist attractionGood morning, ladies and gentleman, welcome to Beijing. To begin with, I would like to introduce myself: I am the tourist guide from China Travel Service and it’s great honor to stay here with all of you for a whole day. Just as the old saying goes, “It is always a pleasure to greet a friend from afar”, I wish all of you to enjoy yourselves during this trip.The following is schedule of the day. The first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall, the grandest fortification in ancient China. The next sight to look around is the Ming Tombs, which is one of thebest-preserved tombs for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty more than one thousand years ago. In the afternoon, we will go for the Summer Palace, the royal park for Chinese ancient emperors.Currently we are on the way to the Great Wall. Dating back to the seven century B.C., the Great Wall is constructed by respective states for fortifying against invasion of neighboring states. By the reasons of long history and its length, it becomes one of the eight wonders in the world and represents the highest wisdom and crafts. From the top of the Great Wall, we can enjoy a magnificent view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers. It is no doubt that one says, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man”.Above is my introduction to the Great Wall. If any of you have questions, please feel free to ask me at any time.。
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2010年6月大学英语四级真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2. 出现这种情况的原因3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为…Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Caught in the WebA few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs – leaving her bed for only brief intervals. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem."I was starting to feel like my whole world was falling apart –kind of slipping into a depression," said Carla. "I knew that if I didn't get off the dating sites, I'd just keep going," detaching (使脱离) herself further from the outside world.Toebe's conclusion: She felt like she was "addicted" to the Internet. She's not alone.Concern about excessive Internet use isn't new. As far back as 1995, articles in medical journals and the establishment of a Pennsylvania treatment center for overusers generated interest in the subject. There's still no consensus on how much time online constitutes too much or whether addiction is possible.But as reliance on the Web grows, there are signs that the question is getting more serious attention: Last month, a study published in CNS Spectrums claimed to be the first large-scale look at excessive Internet use. The American Psychiatric Association may consider listing Internet addiction in the next edition of its diagnostic manual. And scores of online discussion boards have popped up on which people discuss negative experiences tied to too much time on the Web."There's no question that there're people who're seriously in trouble because they're overdoing their Internet involvement," said psychiatrist (精神科医生) Ivan Goldberg. Goldberg calls the problem a disorder rather than a true addiction.Jonathan Bishop, a researcher in Wales specializing in online communities, is more skeptical. "The Internet is an environment," he said. "You can't be addicted to the environment." Bishop describes the problem as simply a matter of priorities, which can be solved by encouraging people to prioritize other life goals and plansin place of time spent online.The new CNS Spectrums study was based on results of a nationwide telephone survey of more than 2,500 adults. Like the 2005 survey, this one was conducted by Stanford University researchers.About 6% of respondents reported that "their relationships suffered because of excessive Internet use." About 9% attempted to conceal "nonessential Internet use," and nearly 4% reported feeling "preoccupied by the Internet when offline."About 8% said they used the Internet as a way to escape problems, and almost 14% reported they "found it hard to stay away from the Internet for several days at a time.""The Internet problem is still in its infancy," said Elias Aboujaoude, a Stanford professor. No single online activity is to blame for excessive use, he said. "They're online in chat rooms, checking e-mail, or writing blogs. [The problem is] not limited to porn (色情) or gambling" websites.Excessive Internet use should be defined not by the number of hours spent online but "in terms of losses," said Maressa Orzack, a Harvard University professor. "If it's a loss [where] you're not getting to work, and family relationships are breaking down as a result, then it's too much."Since the early 1990s, several clinics have been established in the U. S. to treat heavy Internet users. They include the Center for Internet Addiction Recovery and the Center for Internet Behavior. The website for Orzack's center lists the following among the psychological symptoms of computer addiction:● Having a sense of well-being (幸福) or excitement while at the computer.● Longing for more and more time at the computer.● Neglect of family and friends.● Feeling empty, depressed or irritable when not at the computer.● Lying to employers and family about activities.● Inability to stop the activity.● Problems with school or job.Physical symptoms listed include dry eyes, backaches, skipping meals, poor personal hygiene (卫生) and sleep disturbances.People who struggle with excessive Internet use maybe depressed or have other mood disorders, Orzack said. When she discusses Internet habits with her patients, they often report that being online offers a "sense of belonging, and escape, excitement [and] fun," she said. "Some people say relief…because they find themselves so relaxed."Some parts of the Internet seem to draw people in more than others. Internet gamers spend countless hours competing in games against people from all over the world. One such game, called World of Warcraft, is cited on many sites by posters complaining of a "gaming addiction."Andrew Heidrich, an education network administrator from Sacramento, plays World of Warcraft for about two to four hours every other night, but that's nothing compared with the 40 to 60 hours a week he spent playing online games when he was in college.He cut back only after a full-scale family intervention (干预), in which relatives told him he'd gained weight."There's this whole culture of competition that sucks people in" with online gaming, said Heidrich, now a father of two. "People do it at the expense of everything that was a constant in their lives." Heidrich now visits websites that discuss gaming addiction regularly "to remind myself to keep my love for online games in check."Toebe also regularly visits a site where posters discuss Internet overuse. In August, when she first realized she had a problem, she posted a message on a Yahoo Internet addiction group with the subject line: "I have an Internet Addiction.""I'm self-employed and need the Internet for my work, but I'm failing to accomplish my work,to take care of my home, to give attention to my children," she wrote in a message sent to the group."I have no money or insurance to get professional help; I can't even pay my mortgage (抵押贷款) and face losing everything."Since then, Toebe said, she has kept her promise to herself to cut back on her Internet use. "I have a boyfriend now, and I'm not interested in online dating," she said by phone last week. "It's a lot better now."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。