电力系统继电保护外文及翻译
电力系统继电保护(英文简介)
The number of faults The percentag e of fault
38
2196
45
0.83％
4.49%
1.58%
91.23%
1.86%
Chinese 220kV power transmission line fault statistics in 2008
Basic Principles and Elements of Relay Protection
use electricity
Electrical equivalent model
Power station Turbine Generator Substation boosting transformer
Substation step-down transformer
Load
Reservoir
Logic circuits
Operation circuit
Tripping signal
The block diagram of relay protection device
The requirement of relay protection
A QF1 B QF2 QF5 C QF6 k1 D
S k S k max U imin U i U k max I ij I ijmax f min f f max
Abnormal Operation Condition
Over voltage low voltage
Overload The common abnormal state
NARI RCS-900 line protection device
电力系统继电保护技术中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Relay protection development present situationAbstract: Reviewed our country electrical power system relay protection technological development process, has outlined the microcomputer relay protection technology achievement, propose the future relay protection technological development tendency will be: Computerizes, networked, protects, the control, the survey, the data communication integration and the artificial intellectualization.Key word: relay protection, present situation development, future development1 relay protection development present situation- 1 -The electrical power system rapid development to the relay protection propose unceasingly the new request, the electronic technology, computer technology and the communication rapid development unceasingly has poured into the new vigor for the relay protection technology development, therefore, the relay protection technology is advantageous, has completed the development 4 historical stage in more than 40 years time.After the founding of the nation, our country relay protection discipline, the relay protection design, the relay manufacture industry and the relay protection technical team grows out of nothing, has passed through the path in about 10 years which advanced countries half century passes through. The 50's, our country engineers and technicians creatively absorption, the digestion, have grasped the overseas advanced relay protection equipment performance and the movement technology , completed to have the deep relay protection theory attainments and the rich movement experience relay protection technical team, and grew the instruction function to the national relay protection technical team's establishment. The relay factory introduction has digested at that time the overseas advanced relay manufacture technology, has established our country relay manufacturing industry. Thus our country has completed the relay protection research, the design, the manufacture, the movement and the teaching complete system in the 60's. This is a time which the mechanical and electrical relay protection prospers, was our countries relay protection technology development has laid the solid foundation.From the end of the 50's, the transistor relay protection was starting to study. In the 60's to the 80's，it is the times which the transistor relay protection vigorous development and widely used. Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation research 500kV transistor direction high frequency protection the transistor high frequency block system which develops with the Nanjing electric power automation research institute is away from the protection, moves on the Gezhou Dam 500kV line , finished the 500kV line protection to depend upon completely from the overseas import time.- 2 -From the 70's, start based on the integration operational amplifier integrated circuit protection to study. Has formed the completely series to at the end of 80's integrated circuit protection, substitutes for the transistor protection gradually. The development, the production, the application the integrated circuit protects which to the beginning of the 90's still were in the dominant position, this was the integrated circuit protection time. The integrated electricity road work frequency conversion quantity direction develops which in this aspect Nanjing electric power automation research institute high frequency protected the vital role, the Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation development integrated circuit phase voltage compensated the type direction high frequency protection also moves in multi- strip 220kV and on the 500kV line.Our country namely started the computer relay protection research from the end of the 70's, the institutions of higher learning and the scientific research courtyard institute forerunner's function. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, southeast the university, the North China electric power institute, the Xian Jiao tong University, the Tianjin University, Shanghai Jiao tong University, the Chongqing University and the Nanjing electric power automation research institute one after another has all developed the different principle, the different pattern microcomputer protective device. In 1984 the original North China electric power institute developed the transmission line microcomputer protective device first through the evaluation and in the system the find application, had opened in our country relay protection history the new page, protect the promotion for the microcomputer to pave the way. In the host equipment protection aspect, the generator which southeast the university and Huazhong University of Science and Technology develop loses magnetism protection, the generator protection and the generator? Bank of transformers protection also one after another in 1989、1994 through appraisal and investment movement. The Nanjing electric power automation research institute develops microcomputer line protective device also in 1991 through appraisal. The Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation development- 3 -microcomputer phase voltage compensated the type direction high frequency protection, the Xian Jiao tong University and the Xuchang Relay Factory cooperation development positive sequence breakdown component direction high frequency protection also one after another in 1993, in 1996 through the appraisal. Here, the different principle, the different type microcomputer line and the host equipment protect unique, provided one batch of new generation of performance for the electrical power system fine, the function has been complete, the work reliable relay protection installment. Along with the microcomputer protective device research, in microcomputer aspect and so on protection software, algorithm has also yielded the very many theories result. May say started our country relay protection technology from the 90's to enter the time which the microcomputer protected.2 relay protections future developmentThe relay protection technology future the tendency will be to computerizes, networked, the intellectualization, will protect, the control, the survey and the data communication integration development.2.1 computerizesAlong with the computer hardware swift and violent development, the microcomputer protection hardware also unceasingly is developing. The original North China electric power institute develops the microcomputer line protection hardware has experienced 3 development phases: Is published from 8 lists CPU structure microcomputer protection, does not develop to 5 years time to the multi- CPU structure, latter developed to the main line does not leave the module the big modular structure, the performance enhances greatly, obtained the widespread application. Huazhong University of Science and Technology develops the microcomputer protection also is from 8 CPU, develops to take the labor controlling machine core partially as the foundation 32 microcomputers protection.The Nanjing electric power automation research institute from the very beginning has developed 16 CPU is the foundation microcomputer line protection,- 4 -obtained the big area promotion, at present also is studying 32 protections hardware system. Southeast the university develops the microcomputer host equipment protects the hardware also passed through improved and the enhancement many times. The Tianjin University from the very beginning is the development take more than 16 CPU as the foundation microcomputer line protection, in 1988 namely started to study take 32 digital signals processor (DSP) as the foundation protection, the control, the survey integration microcomputer installment, at present cooperated with the Zhuhai automatic equipment company develops one kind of function complete 32 big modules, a module was a minicomputer. Uses 32 microcomputers chips only to focus by no means on the precision, because of the precision the a/d switch resolution limit, is surpassed time 16 all is accepts with difficulty in the conversion rate and the cost aspect; 32 microcomputers chips have the very high integration rate more importantly, very high operating frequency and computation speed, very big addressing space, rich command system and many inputs outlet. The CPU register, the data bus, the address bus all are 32, has the memory management function, the memory protection function and the duty transformation function, and (cache) and the floating number part all integrates the high speed buffer in CPU.The electrical power system the request which protects to the microcomputer enhances unceasingly, besides protection basic function, but also should have the large capacity breakdown information and the data long-term storage space, the fast data processing function, the formidable traffic capacity, with other protections, the control device and dispatches the networking by to share the entire system data, the information and the network resources ability, the higher order language programming and so on. This requests the microcomputer protective device to have is equal to a pc machine function. In the computer protection development initial period, once conceived has made the relay protection installment with a minicomputer. At that time because the small machine volume big, the cost high, the reliability was bad, this tentative plan was not realistic. Now, with the microcomputer protective device size similar labor controlling machine function, the speed, the storage capacity greatly- 5 -has surpassed the same year small machine, therefore, made the relay protection with complete set labor controlling machine the opportunity already to be mature, this will be one of development directions which the microcomputer protected. The Tianjin University has developed the relay protection installment which Cheng Yong tong microcomputer protective device structure quite same not less than one kind of labor controlling machine performs to change artificially becomes. This kind of equipment merit includes: has the 486pc machine complete function, can satisfy each kind of function request which will protect to current and the future microcomputer. size and structure and present microcomputer protective device similar, the craft excellent, quakeproof, guards against has been hot, guards against electromagnetic interference ability, may move in the very severe working conditions, the cost may accept. Uses the STD main line or the pc main line, the hardware modulation, may select the different module willfully regarding the different protection, the disposition nimble, and is easy to expand.Relay protection installment, computerizes is the irreversible development tendency. How but to satisfies the electrical power system request well, how further enhances the relay protection the reliability, how obtains the bigger economic efficiency and the social efficiency, still must conduct specifically the thorough research.2.2 networkedThe computer network has become the information age as the information and the data communication tool the technical prop, caused the human production and the social life appearance has had the radical change. It profoundly is affecting each industry domain, also has provided the powerful means of communication for each industry domain. So far, besides the differential motion protection and the vertical association protection, all relay protections installment all only can respond the protection installment place electricity spirit. The relay protection function also only is restricted in the excision breakdown part, reduces the accident to affect the scope. This mainly is because lacks the powerful data communication method. Overseas- 6 -already had proposed the system protection concept, this in mainly referred to the safe automatic device at that time. Because the relay protection function not only is restricted in the excision breakdown part and the limit accident affects the scope (this is most important task), but also must guarantee the entire system the security stable movement. This requests each protection unit all to be able to share the entire system the movement and the breakdown information data, each protection unit and the superposition brake gear in analyze this information and in the data foundation the synchronized action, guarantees the system the security stable movement. Obviously, realizes this kind of system protection basic condition is joins the entire system each main equipment protective device with the computer network, that is realization microcomputer protective device networked. This under the current engineering factor is completely possible.Regarding the general non- system protection, the realization protective device computer networking also has the very big advantage. The relay protection equipment can obtain system failure information more, then to the breakdown nature, the breakdown position judgment and the breakdown distance examination is more accurate. Passed through the very long time to the auto-adapted protection principle research, also has yielded the certain result, but must realize truly protects to the system movement way and the malfunction auto-adapted, must obtain the more systems movement and the breakdown information, only then realization protection computer networked, can achieve this point.Regarding certain protective device realization computer networking also can enhance the protection the reliability. The Tianjin University in 1993 proposed in view of the future Three Gorges hydroelectric power station 500kv ultrahigh voltage multi-return routes generatrix one kind of distributional generatrix protection principle, developed successfully this kind of equipment initially. Its principle is disperses the traditional central generatrix protection certain (with to protect generatrix to return way to be same) the generatrix protection unit, the dispersible attire is located in on various return routes protection screen, each protection unit- 7 -joins with the computer network, each protection unit only inputs this return route the amperage, after transforms it the digital quantity, transmits through the computer network for other all return routes protection unit, each protection unit acts according to this return route the amperage and other all return routes amperage which obtains from the computer network, carries on the generatrix differential motion protection the computation, if the computed result proof is the generatrix interior breakdown then only jumps the book size return route circuit breaker, Breakdown generatrix isolation. When generatrix area breakdown, each protection unit all calculates for exterior breakdown does not act. This kind the distributional generatrix protection principle which realizes with the computer network has the high reliability compared to the traditional central generatrix protection principle. Because if a protection unit receives the disturbance or the miscalculation when moves by mistake, only can wrongly jump the book size return route, cannot create causes the generatrix entire the malignant accident which excises, this regarding looks like the Three Gorges power plant to have the ultrahigh voltage generatrix the system key position to be extremely important.By above may know, microcomputer protective device may enhance the protection performance and the reliability greatly, this is the microcomputer protection development inevitable trend.2.3 protections, control, survey, data communication integrationsIn realization relay protection computerizing with under the condition, the protective device is in fact a high performance, the multi-purpose computer, is in an entire electrical power system computer network intelligent terminal. It may gain the electrical power system movement and breakdown any information and the data from the net, also may protect the part which obtains it any information and the data transfer for the network control center or no matter what a terminal. Therefore, each microcomputer protective device not only may complete the relay protection function, moreover in does not have in the breakdown normal operation situation also to be- 8 -possible to complete the survey, the control, the data communication function that is realization protection, control, survey, data communication integration.At present, in order to survey, the protection and the control need, outdoor transformer substation all equipment, like the transformer, the line and so on the secondary voltage, the electric current all must use the control cable to direct to . Lays the massive control cable not only must massively invest, moreover makes the secondary circuit to be extremely complex. But if the above protection, the control, the survey, the data communication integration computer installation, will install in outdoor transformer substation by the protection device nearby, by the protection device voltage, the amperage is changed into after this installment internal circulation the digital quantity, will deliver through the computer network, then might avoid the massive control cable. If takes the network with the optical fiber the transmission medium, but also may avoid the electromagnetic interference. Now the optical current transformer (OTA) and the optical voltage transformer (OTV) in the research trial stage, future inevitably obtained the application in the electrical power system. In uses OTA and in the OTV situation, the protective device should place is apart from OTA and the OTV recent place, that is should place by the protection device nearby. OTA and the OTV light signal inputs after this integration installment in and transforms the electrical signal, on the one hand serves as the protection the computation judgment; On the other hand took the survey quantity, delivers through the network. May to deliver from through the network by the protection device operation control command this integrated installment, carries out the circuit breaker operation from this the integrated installment. In 1992 the Tianjin University proposed the protection, the control, the survey, the correspondence integration question, and has developed take the tms320c25 digital signal processor (DSP) as a foundation protection, the control, the survey, the data communication integration installment.2.4 intellectualizations- 9 -In recent years, the artificial intelligence technology like nerve network, the genetic algorithms, the evolution plan, the fuzzy logic and so on all obtained the application in electrical power system each domain, also started in the relay protection domain application research. The nerve network is one non-linear mapping method, very many lists the complex non-linear problem with difficulty which the equation or solves with difficulty, the application nerve network side principle may be easily solved. For example exhibits in the situation in the transmission line two sides systems electric potential angle to occur after the transition resistance short-circuits is a non-linear problem, very difficult correctly to make the breakdown position from the protection the distinction, thus creates moves by mistake or resists to move; If thinks after the network method, passes through the massive breakdowns sample training, so long as the sample centralism has fully considered each kind of situation, then in breaks down time any all may correctly distinguish. Other likes genetic algorithms, the evolution plan and so on also all has its unique solution complex question the ability. May cause the solution speed these artificial intelligence method suitable unions to be quicker? The Tianjin University carries on the nerve network type relay protection from 1996 the research, has yielded the preliminary result. May foresee, the artificial intelligence technology must be able to obtain the application in the relay protection domain, by solves the problem which solves with difficulty with the conventional method.3 conclusionsSince the founding of China's electric power system protection technology has undergone four times. With the rapid development of power systems and computer technology, communications technology, relay technology faces the further development of the trend. Domestic and international trends in the development of protection technologies: computerization, networking, protection, control, measurement, data communications integration and artificial intelligence, which made protection workers difficult task, but also opened up the activities of vast.- 10 -继电保护发展现状摘要：回顾我国电力系统继电保护技术的发展过程，概述了微机继电保护技术成果，提出了未来继电保护技术的发展趋势将是：计算机化，网络化，保护，控制，调查，数据通信一体化和人工智能化。
电力系统继电保护专业词汇
47
CT line-break
CT断线
48
PT line-break
PT断线
49
Secondary circuit
二次回路
50
AC circuit breaker
交流开关电路
51
AC directional over current relay 交流方向过流继电
器
52
Breaker point wrench
电力系统继电保护专业词汇
序号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
英文全称 Directional protection Distance protection Over current protection Pilot protection Differential protection Rotor earth-fault protection Stator earth-fault protection Over fluxing protection Back-up protection Sequential tripping Start up/Pick up Breaker Disconnecting switch Current transformer Potential transformer Dead zone/Blind spot Vibration/Oscillation Reliability Sensitivity Speed Selectivity Step-type distance relay Time delay Escapement/interlock/blocking
电力系统继电保护毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献
电力系统继电保护论文中英文资料Relay protection development present situation[Abstract ]reviewed our country electrical power system relay protection technological devil orpiment process，has outlined the microcomputer relay protection technology achievement, pro posed the future relay protection technological development tendency will be: Computerizes, n networked，protects, the control，the survey，the data communication integration and the artificial I intellectualization.[Key word ］relay protection present situation development，relay protections future development1 relay protection development present situationThe electrical power system rapid development to the relay protection proposed unceasingly t he new request，the electronic technology，computer technology and the communication rapid development unceasingly has poured into the new vigor for the relay protection technology de velopment，therefore，the relay protection technology is advantageous, has completed the deve lopment 4 historical stage in more than 40 years time。
电力系统继电保护中英文对照表
电力系统继电保护中英文对照表七戒旅长WW2OO5 七2007-10-26 11:14131Auxiliary relay/intermediate relay中间继电器132Common-mode voltage共模电压133Impedance mismatch阻抗失配134Intermittent fillet weld间断角缝焊接135Loss of synchronism protection 失步爱护136Closing coil合闸线圈137Electro polarized relay 极化继电器138Power direction relay功率方向继电器139Direct-to-ground capacity对地电容140Shunt running潜动141Trip/opening跳闸142Trip switch跳闸开关143Receiver machine收信机144High-frequency direction finder 高频测向器145Capacity charge电容充电146time over-current时限过电流148Surge guard冲击防护149Oscillatory surge振荡冲击150Fail safe interlock五防装置151Differential motion差动152Capacitive current电容电流154 Time delay延时156Normal inverse反时限157Definite time定时限158Multi-zone relay分段限时继电器159Fail-safe unit五防161Unbalance current 不平稳电流162Blocking autorecloser 闭锁重合闸163Primary protection 主爱护164Tap分接头165YC (telemetering) 遥测167Fault clearing time 故障切除时刻168Critical clearing time 极限切除时刻169Switch station开关站170Traveling wave行波171Protection feature爱护特性172Fault phase selector 故障选线元件173Fault type故障类型174Inrush励磁涌流175Ratio restrain比率制动176Laplace and Fourier transforms 拉氏和傅利叶变换177Short circuit calculations 短路运算178Load flow calculations潮流运算179Oscillatory reactivity perturbation 振荡反应性扰动180Quasi-steady state准稳态181Automatic quasi-synchronization 自动准同步182Protective relaying equipment 继电爱护装置183AC directional overcurrent relay 交流方向过流继电器184AC reclosing relay交流重合闸继电器185Annunciator relay信号继电器188Carrier or pilot-wire receiver relay 载波或导引线同意继电器189Current-limiting relay限流继电器190Definite time relay定时限继电器192Lockout relay闭锁继电器；保持继电器：岀口继电器193Micro-processor based protective relay 微机继电爱护194Voltage -controlled overcurrent relay 电压操纵过电流继电器196Fault diagnosis故障诊断197Back-up protection 后备爱护198Overhead line架空线199High voltage line 高压线路200Underground cable埋地电缆201Circuit breaker断路器202Bnishless excitation 无刷励磁203Interlock闭锁204Trigger触发器205Winding-to-winding insulation 绕组间的绝缘206Porcelain insulator 瓷绝缘子207Tie line联络线208Leased line租用线路209Private line专用线路211Remote Terminal Unit 远程终端设备212Economic dispatch system经济调度系统213State estimation状态估量214Trip by local protection爱护跳闸215Close by local protection爱护合闸216Operational (internal) oven-oltage操作(内部)过电压217Sampling and holding采样保持218Synchronized sampling采样同步219Manipulation操作220Measuring/Metering unit测量元件221Locus of measured impedance测量阻抗轨迹222Differential mode interference差模干扰223Output (executive) organ岀口(执行)元件224Overcurrent relay with underv r oltage supervision 低电压起动的过电流爱护225Low impedance busbar protection低阻抗母线爱护帖七戒旅长WW2OO5 A 2007-10-26 11:15228 Half-cycle integral algorithm半周积分算法230Coordination of relay settings爱护的整定配合231Reach (setting) of protection爱护范畴(定值)232Coordination time inten al爱护配合时刻时期233Percentage differential relay比率差动继电器234Electromagnetic relay电磁型继电器236Instantaneous unden r oltage protection with current supervision 电流闭锁的电压速断爱护237Operating equation (criterion)动作方程(判据)238Operating characteristic动作特性239Harmonic restraining谐波制动241Segregated current differential protection分相电流差动爱护242Branch coefficient分支系数Power line carrier channel (PLC)髙频通道245High speed signal acquisition system 高速数字信号采集系统246Busbar protection with fixed circuit connection 固建联结式母线爱护247Fault recorder故障录波器248Fault phase selection故障选相249Optoelectronic coupler光电耦合器件251Compensating voltage补偿电压252Polarized voltage极化电压253Memory circuit经历回路254Unblocking signal解除闭锁信号255Power system splitting and reclosing 解列重合闸Connection with 90 degree90度接线257Insulation supervision device 绝缘监视258Inrush exciting current of transformer 励磁涌流259Two star connection scheme两相星形接线方式260Zero mode component of traveling wave 零模行波261Inverse phase sequence protection逆相序爱护262Offset impedance relay 偏移特性阻抗继电器263Frequency response频率响应264Activate the breaker trip coil起动断路器跳闸266Pennissive under reaching transfer trip scheme 欠范畴承诺跳闸式267Slight (severe) gas protection轻(重)瓦斯爱护268Man—machine interface人机对话接口270Three phase one shot reclosure 三相一次重合闸271Out-of-stcp失步272Accelerating protection for switching onto fault 重合于故障线路加速爱护动作275Abrupt signal analysis 突变信号分析276Out flowing current外汲电流277False tripping误动279Turn to turn faults inter turn faults匝间短路280Relay based on incremental quantity 增量（突变疑）继电器281Vacuum circuit breaker真空开关282Power swing （out of step） blocking 振荡（失步）闭锁284Successive approximation type A/D 逐次逼进式A/D285Infeed current助增电流286Self reset自动复归287Adaptive segregated directional current differential protection 自适应分相方向纵差爱护288Adaptive relay protection自适应继电爱护289Pilot protection纵联爱护291Angle of maximum sensitivity最大灵敏角292Out of service退出运行294Waveform波形295Outlet岀口296Electromechanical机电的297Magnitude of current电流幅值299Traveling wave signal 行波信号300Measurement signal测量信号301Traveling wave relay 行波继电器302Transmission line malfunction 输电线路专门运行303Subsystem子系统304Positive sequence impedance 正序阻抗305Negative sequence impedance 负序阻抗306Zero sequence impedance零序阻抗307Digital signal processor 数字信号处理器308Frequency sensing频率测量309Cable relay电缆继电器Under power protection 低功率爱护311Under voltage protection 低电压爱护312Transient analysis暂态分析313Voltage sensor电压传感器314Zero-sequence protection零序爱护315Zero sequence current transducer 零序电流互感器316Shunt旁路，并联317Series串联，级数318Parallel并联319Saturation饱和320Free-standing独立的，无需支撑物的Troidal环形的，曲而，螺旋管形322Bushing套管323Magnetizing 磁化324Dropout current回动电流325Reactor grounded neutral system 中性点电抗接地系统326Grounding apparatus接地装置327Dual bus双总线328Thyristor晶闸管329Spark gap 火花隙330Damping circuit 阻尼电路331Discharge 放电332Platform 平台Grading等级334Line trap线路陷波器335Field test实地试验337Off-position“断开”位置，“开路”位置338Power-angle功角339Power-angle curve 功角特性曲线340Torque-angle转矩角341Symmetrical components 对称重量342Constant常量，恒泄343Coupler耦合器345Concussion 震动Filter滤波器349Analogue 模拟350Insulator绝缘子351Switch cabinet 开关柜352Rated burdenMoad 额宦负载353Primary-次侧的354Remote-control apparatus 远距离操纵设备355Capacitance 电容356Capacitor电容器357Reactance 电抗358Inductor电感359Internal resistance 内阻Blow-out coil消弧线圈361Bundle-conductor spacer 分裂导线362Bundle factor分裂系数363Electromotive force 电动势364Volt-amphere characteristic 伏安特性365Outgoing line 引出线366electrolyte电解质368Load characteristic负载特性369Self-induction自感370Mutual-induction互感371Induction coefficient感应系数372Inductance couping电感耦合373Time-invariant时不变的回复3帖4帖七戒旅长**2005五2007"0・26 11:16374Terminal voltage端电压375Non-linear characteristics非线性特性376External characteristics外特性378Harmonic current正弦电流379Pole-pairs极对数380Quadrature正交381Angular velocity 角频率382Magnetic induction磁感应强度385Armature电枢386Peak value（交变虽的）最大值387A mutually induced um.f 互感电动势388The applied voltage 外施电压389Zero-power-factor 零功率因数390The no-load power factor 空载功率因数391Sinusoidal variations正弦变疑392A lagging power factor 滞后的功率因数393Equivalent circuit等值电路394Capacitance effect 电容效应395Direct axis 直轴396Quadrature axis 交轴398 Concentrated coil 集中绕组399Magnetization curve 磁化曲线400Residual magnetism 剩磁401Rated armature current额定电枢电流402Series excited 串励403Self excited 自励404Shunt excited 并励405spottily excited 他励407Electromagnetic torque 电磁转矩408a retarding torque 制动转矩409Rectangular wave 矩形波410Synchronous speed 同步转速411Electromagnetic brake 电磁制动412synchronous reactance 同步电抗413synchronous condenser 同步调相机414Load shedding 甩负荷415Black-start黑启动417Distribution feeder 配电馈线418Commissioning投运419Reactive power compensation 无功补偿器420Continuous rating连续运行的额左值421Al (artificial intelligence) 人工智能422Network topology网络拓补424Configuration control组态操纵425Topological information拓补信息426Black-out area停电区自适应继电爱护429Adaptive features自适应特性430Phase comparison relays相位比较继电器431Directional contact方向触点432Protective gap 爱护间隙433Protective earthing爱护接地434Protective earthing; outer insulation 爱护绝缘435Protection switch爱护开关436Protective cap爱护帽437Protective panel 爱护屏柜439Protection device爱护设备爱护外壳441Catch net; protecting net 爱护网442Protection system 爱护系统443Protective link爱护线路444Protective ground 爱护性接地445Protective cover; Protective housing 爱护罩446Protection device: Protective gear 爱护装置447Protective transformer 爱护变压器448Alarm relay报警信号继电器449Alarm signal： alerting signal 报警信号450Admittance relays 导纳型继电爱护装置451Low-voltage protection低压爱护Under-voltage release 低电压跳闸453Under-voltage trip 低电压自动跳闸454Under-run低负荷运行455Under-power protection 低功率爱护456Under-power relay 低功率继电器457Under-frequency protection低频爱护458Low-frequency high-voltage test 低频髙压实验459Low-voltage relay低压继电器460Low-voltage release relay 低压开释继电器461Under-frequency protection 低周波爱护463Under-impedance relay 低阻抗继电器465Conductance relay电导继电器466电动机磁场故障继电器467Dynamoelectric relay电动式继电器468Electric reset relay 电复位继电器469Power-transformer relay 电力传输继电器471Power system oscillation 电力系统振荡472Electric interlock relay 连锁继电器473Current overload电流过载474Self-polarizing relay电流极化继电器475Current-balance relay 电流平稳式继电器476Circuit control relay电路操纵继电器479Capacitance relay 电容继电器480Capacity ground电容接地Voltage balance relay 电压平稳继电器482Circuit control relay电路操纵继电器483Voltage responsive relay 电压响应继电器484Voltage selection relay 电压选择继电器485Power failure电源故障486Power-transfer relay电源切换继电器487vacuum-tube relay电子管继电器488Ohm relay电阻继电器489Timing relay; timed relay 定时继电器490Time pulse relay定时脉冲继电器492Directional over-current relay 方向过流继电器493Directional over-current protection 方向过流爱护494Directional distance relay 方向距离继电器495Directional pilot relaying 方向纵联继电爱护497Cut-off relay断路继电器498Circuit breaker failure protection 断路器故障爱护装置500Open-phase relay断相继电器501Earth-leakage protection 对地漏电爱护502Multiple-reclosing breaker 多次重合闸断路器503Multi-ended circuit protection 多端线路爱护506Multiple earth多重接地507Two-position relay 二位宜继电器508Generator protection 发电机爱护509Generator cutout relay发电机断路继电器Generator protection for negative sequence current 发电机负序电流爱护511Transmitting relay发送继电器512Back-spin timer反转时刻继电器513Auxiliary relay辅助继电器514Negative phase relay负相位继电器515Negative-phase sequence impendence负相序继电器516Underload relay负载不足继电器517Back-up over-speed governor 附加超速爱护装置518Induction cup relay感应杯式继电器520Induction type relay感应式继电器521Induction disc relay感应圆盘式继电器522High sensitive relay 高灵敏度继电器回复4帖5 帖七戒旅长WW2OO5 四2007-10-26 11:16523High-speed impedance relay 髙速阻抗继电器524High-voltage relay 髙压继电器525Power relay 功率继电器527Transition impedance 过渡阻抗528Thermal protection过热爱护529Temperature limiting relay 过热继电器530Overload relay 过载继电器531Overload trip过载跳闸532Thermostat relay 恒温继电器533Closing relay 合闸继电器Transverse differential protection 横差爱护535Transfer of auxiliary supply 后备电源切换536Back-up system 后备继电爱护537Delay-action relay 缓动继电器538Slow-to release relay 缓放继电器539Converter relay换流器继电器540Electromechanical relay 机电继电器541Biased differential relaying 极化差动继电爱护系统542Discontinuous relay 鉴别继电器543Transistor relay 晶体管继电器544Crystal can relay 晶体密闭继电器545Static relay 静电继电器546Fast-operate slow-release relay 快动缓释继电器547Fast-release relay 快开释继电器549Excitation-loss relay 失磁继电器553Two-phase short circuit fault 两相短路故障554Two-phase grounding fault 两相接地短路故障556Sensitive polarized relay 灵敏极化继电器558Sensitive relay 灵敏继电器560Abnormal overload 专门过载561Abnormal overvoltage 事故过电压562Above earth potential 对地电势563Absolute potential绝对电势564AC circuit breaker交流断路器565AC component交流重量566AC distribution system 交流配电系统Air-blast circuit breaker空气火弧断路器568Air-blast switch空气吹弧开关569Air brake switch空气制动开关571Air breaker空气断路器572Air-space cable空气绝缘电缆573Alive带电的574All-relay interlocking 全部继电连锁575All-relay selector 全继电式选择器578Arc extinguishing coil灭弧线圈579Arc suppressing reactor 灭弧电抗器580Asymmetric load不对称负载Asymmetric short circuit 不对称短路582Asynchronous reactance 异步电抗583Asynchronous resistance 异步电阻584Biased differential relaying 极化差动继电爱护系统585Bi-directional relay双向继电器586Blinker继电器吊牌587Blocking relay连锁继电器589Blowout coil 灭弧线圈590Bus hub总线插座591Bus protective relay 母线爱护继电器592Bus section breaker 母线分段断路器593Bus terminal fault 母线终端故障594Bus separation 母线分离595Bus tie circuit breaker母线联络继电器596Bypass 旁路597Coil factor线圈系数598Compound relay 复合电路599Continuous load连续负载600Counting relay 计数继电器602Cut-off of supply 停止供电603Cut-out relay 短路继电器604Dash current冲击电流605Data medium数据载体606Data processing 数据处理607Data transmission 数据传输608Emergency service 事故运行609Emergency standby 事故备用611Extinction coil消弧线圈612Extinguishing voltage 消弧线圈613Extra high voltage 超高压614Fault line故障线615Fault location故障左位616Feedback 反馈617Feeder馈电线618Interlock连锁619Intermittent fault间歇故障620Interrupting time 断路时刻621Negative direction 反方向622No-load release 无跳闸623Off-peak非峰值的624Operating load运行负载625Orthogonal正交的626Rated primary voltage 一次额泄电压627Rated secondar}- volage 二次额定电压628Remote controlled 遥控的629Reserve bus备用母线630Rotor转子631Sectionalizer分段断路器632Self-energizing自激的633Sequential tripping 顺序跳闸637Surge voltage冲击电压638Sustained overload 连续过电压639Symmetrical 对称的640Fault component 故障重量641Wavelet transform 小波变换642Object-oriented 而向对象643Faults recorder故障录波644Setting calculation 整立运算645Topology analysis 拓扑分析646Expert system 专家系统647Security安全性651Load schedule according to frequency change 按周波减载653Semiconductor, semiconductor diode, transistor 半导体、半导体二级管、三极管654Semi-orthogonal wavelet半正交小波656Saturation, saturation detection, saturation curve饱和，饱和检测，饱和曲线657Relay location爱护安装处658Coordination of relay settings爱护的整定配合659Coordination time interval爱护配合时刻时期660Relay system configuration爱护配置661Redundancy of relaying system爱护配置的冗余度663Protection devices, protection equipment爱护装垃ora 93UEp9dlUI 9ojns 'auepadlU!9厶9ZJ：H 9701P00乙三900乙••讲埶砒T刊9WV>0UOIJBOIJIJUOpi UIJOJOAEM"9心!30[6\ UOIlBoEdojd 9ABMH9P9JJ0 Sp^OOJ£厶9网萊劇琳3dXi）〕n 阳ZL9XIJ1PIU UOIIBUIJOJSUP.I10厶9廉园卷封a uoipunjSuiiduiES g899再wsrw mouoduioouoijBiuixojddv999乐甜UUEIV£99 坠审回虫时訣甲修鲁朋幕蒸出蛊ooiAop uoijjojojd jojuojjno oununpj puu mojjno OUIJJEISt99 677Compensation voltage补偿电压678Compensation theorem compensation principle 补偿原理679Unavailability, failure rate不可用率，失效率680Immune to electromagnetic interference 不受电磁干扰681Abnormal operating condition不正常运行状态682Sampling interruption service program 采样中断服务程序683Synchronizing by reference parameter vector 参数矢量同步法684Operational(internal) over voltage 操作(内部)过电压685Manipulating organ操作单元686Measurement, measuring unit 测量，测疑单元687Measured impedance测量阻抗688Locus of measured impedance 测量阻抗轨迹689Differential relay差动继电器690Differential mode interference差模干扰691Distributed capacitance of long line 长线分布电容692Normally closed contacts 常闭节点693Normally open contacts 常开节点694Over reach blocking scheme 超范畴闭锁式696Extra-high-voltage transmission line 超高压传输697Sustained faults连续性故障698Output(executive) organ出口(执行)元件699Contact触点、接点700Capacitor of series compensation串补电容701Window function窗函数702Differential relay with fast saturated current transformer 带有速饱和变流器的差动继电器703Single-chip microcontroller单片机704Single-phase(three phase) transmission line 单相(三相)传输线705Unit protection单元式爱护707Low frequency component, subharmonic低频重量，低次谐波708Low impedance bus bar protection低阻抗母线爱护709Current traveling wave电流行波710Electrical apparatus, equipments电器设备711Electrical network・ power network电网712Voltage waveform distortion 电压波形崎变713Voltage traveling wave电压行波714Operating time动作时刻715Multiphase compensated impedance relay 多相补偿式阻抗继电器716Generator, generator-transformer set 发电机，发电机一变压器组717Protection of generator-transformer set 发电机一一变压器爱护718Field failure protection of generator发电机的失磁爱护720Metallic fault金属性故障721Transistor type relay晶体管型继电器723Differential protection with percentage restraining 具有比率制动的差动继电器724Pilot protection using distance relay距离纵联爱护726Stator ground protection based on zero sequence current 零序电流构成的定子接地爱护728Zero sequence ct零序电流互感器729Zero sequence current relay零序电流继电器730Mutual induction of zero sequence零序互感的阻碍731Bus bar protection母线爱护732Combined bus and transformer protection母线和变压器共用爱护733Energy directional relay能量方向继电器734Inverse power protection逆功率爱护735Inverse phase sequence protection逆相序爱护736Frequency window频窗737Frequency component频率重量738Slight gas protection, severe gas protection 轻瓦斯与重瓦斯爱护739Man-machine interface人机对话接口740Weak power end protection弱电源端爱护741Three terminal line protection三端输电线爱护742Digital protection数字式爱护743Digital signal processor(dsp)数字信号处理744Double bus bar protection双母线爱护745Ultra-high voltage transmission特高压输电746Trip relay跳闸继电器747Communication interface通讯接口748Communication channel通讯通道749Mutually coupled lines有互感线路750Relay based on transient component 暂态爱护751Relay based on incremental quantity 增屋继电器753Heavy load重负荷754Relay acceleration after auto-reclosing 重合闸后加速爱护755Relay acceleration before auto-reclosing 重合闸前加速爱护756Main protection主爱护757Automatic reclosure自动重合闸758Adaptive relay protection自适应继电爱护762Longitudinal differential relay纵联差动继电器763Impedance converter阻抗变换器764Impedance circle 阻抗圆765Angle of maximum sensitivity 最大灵敏角766Minimum load impedance 最小负荷阻抗767Blocking signal闭锁信号768Arcing fault电弧接地故障769Isolated neutral system 中性点绝缘系统770Arc suppression coil消弧线圈771Healthy phases非故障相772Remote terminal unit(RTU) 远方终端773Power line carrier(PLC)电力线载波774Parallel port并行出口775Serial port串行接口776Clock时钟777SCADA监控与数据采集778Scan扫描779Self-check自检780Alarm告警781Pulse脉冲782Ground-fault of ungrounded systems 小电流接地系统785Load patterns负荷形式788Voltage instability电压不稳789Fast response 快速响应790Dynamic attributes 动态特性791Telemeter data遥测数据792Abnormal state专门态793Reverse power flows 功率逆潮流796Phase comparison relays 相位比较继电器798Switching surge开关冲击799Cascading outages连锁故障800Adaptive relaying自适应继电爱护801Time interval时刻间隔802Voltage dip电压下降803。
电力系统专业继电保护词汇及英语词汇翻译
序号
英文全称
中文解释
1
Bus duct
母线槽; 母线管道
2
Bus hub
总线插座
3
Bus line
汇流线
4
Bus insulator
母线绝缘器
5
Bus request cycle
总线请求周期
6
Bus reactor
母线电抗器
7
Bus protection
母线保护
8
Bus rings
集电环
9
Bus rod
汇流母线
10
Bus section reactor
分段电抗器
11
Bus structure
母线支架; 总线结构
12
Bus tie switch
母线联络开关
13
Bus-bar chamber
母线箱
14
Bus-bar fault
母线故障
15
Bus-bar insulator
母线绝缘子
16
Busbar sectionalizing switch
母线分段开关
17
Current attenuation
电流衰减
18
Current actuated leakage protector
电流起动型漏电保护器
19
Current balance type current differential relay
高压电瓷绝缘子
35
Option board
任选板; 选配电路板; 选择板
36
Oscillator coil
振荡线圈
电力系统继电保护(英文简介)
In the future, with the continuous development of technology, relay protection will continue to develop in the direction of high-speed, highprecision, intelligence and networking. It will also be more widely used in power systems, energy transportation fields and other fields.
Development history and trends of relay protection
Development history
Development trends
Relay protection technology has developed rapidly with the development of power systems. In the early days, it was mainly based on mechanical and electrical principles, but now it has developed into an integrated technology system that combines computer, communication, control and other technologies.
02
Principle and Technology of Relay Protection
Relay protection principle
Protection of power system: The power system is a very complex system, including power generation, transmission and distribution. Due to the long distance and high voltage of the power system, it is necessary to use relay protection to protect the power system.
继电保护中英文对照
142 Communication channel 通讯通道
143 Communication interface 通讯接口
144 Compensation theorem(compensation principle) 补偿原理
145 Compensation voltage（compensating voltage) 补偿电压
43 Arc extinguishing coil 灭弧线圈
44 Arc suppressing coil 消弧线圈
45 Arc suppressing reactor 灭弧电抗器
46 Arcing fault 电弧接地故障
47 Armature 电枢
48 Asymmetric load 不对称负载
76 Breaker pount wrench 开关把手
77 Breaker trip coil 断路器跳闸线圈
78 Brushless excitation 无刷励磁
79 Buchholtz protecter 瓦斯保护
80 Bundle factor 分裂系数
81 Bundle-conductor spacer 分裂导线
54 Automatic reclosure 自动重合闸
55 auto-put-into device of reserve-source 备用电源自动投入装置
56 auto-recosing with self-synchronism 自同步重合闸
57 Auxiliary contacts 辅助触点
6 Abnormal overvoltage 事故过电压
电力系统继电保护
电力系统继电保护中文名称：电力系统继电保护英文名称：power system relay protection定义：在电力系统事故或异常运行情况下动作，保证电力系统和电气设备安全运行的自动装置。
应用学科：电力（一级学科）；电力系统（二级学科）电力系统继电保护的发展经历了机电型、整流型、晶体管型和集成电路型几个阶段后，现在发展到了微机保护阶段。
微机继电保护的发展史微机继电保护指的是以数字式计算机（包括微型机）为基础而构成的继电保护。
它起源于20世纪60年代中后期，是在英国、澳大利亚和美国。
电力系统继电保护的发展经历了机电型、整流型、晶体管型和集成电路型几个阶段后，现在发展到了微机保护阶段。
电力系统继电保护（relay protection of power system）最早的继电保护装置是熔断器。
以后出现了以断路器为核心的电磁式继电保护装置、电子式静态继电保护装置，最近发展迅速的以远动技术信息技术和计算机技术为基础的微机型继电保护装置；继电保护装置必须具备以下5项基本性能：①安全性：在不该动作时，不误动；②可靠性：在该动作时，不拒动；③速动性：能以最短时限将故障或异常从系统中切除或隔离；④选择性：在自身整定的范围内切除故障，保证最大限度地向无故障部分继续供电，不越级跳闸；⑤灵敏性：反映故障的能力，通常以灵敏系数表示；不拒动不误动是关键。
[1]继电保护的基本概念在电力系统运行中，外界因素（如雷击、鸟害呢）、内部因素（绝缘老化，损坏等）及操作等，都可能引起各种故障及不正常运行的状态出现，常见的故障有：单相接地；三相接地；两相接地；相间短路；短路等。
电力系统非正常运行状态有：过负荷，过电压，非全相运行，振荡，次同步谐振，同步发电机短时失磁异步运行等。
电力系统继电保护和安全自动装置是在电力系统发生故障和不正常运行情况时，用于快速切除故障，消除不正常状况的重要自动化技术和设备。
电力系统发生故障或危及其安全运行的事件时，他们能及时发出告警信号，或直接发出跳闸命令以终止事件。
电力系统继电保护外文及翻译演示教学
电力系统继电保护外文及翻译Power System ProtectionsThe steady-state operation of a power system is frequently disturbed by various faults on electrical equipment. To maintain the proper operation of the power system, an effective, efficient and reliable protection scheme is required. Power system components are designed to operate under normal operating conditions.However, due to any reason, say a fault, there is an abnormality, it is necessary that there should be a device which senses these abnormal conditions and if so, the element or component where such an abnormality has taken place is removed, i.e. deleted from the rest of the system as soon as possible. This is necessary because the power system component can never be designed to withstand the worst possible conditions due to the fact that this will make the whole system highly uneconomical. And therefore, if such an abnormality takes place in any element or component of the power system network, it is desirable that the affected element/component is removed from the rest of the system reliably and quickly in order to restore power in the remaining system under the normal condition as soon as possible.The protection scheme includes both the protective relays and switching circuits, i.e. circuit breakers. The protective relay which functions as a brain is a very important component. The protective relay is a sensing device, which senses the fault, determines its location and then sends command to the proper circuit breaker by closing its trip coil. The circuit breaker after getting command from the protective relay disconnects only the faulted element. this is why the protective relay must be reliable, maintainable and fast in operation.In early days, there used to be electromechanical relay of induction disk-type.However, very soon the disk was replaced by inverted cup, i.e.hollow cylinder and the new relay obtained was known as an induction cup or induction cylinder relay. This relay, which is still in use, possesses several important features such as higher speed; higher torque for a given power input an more uniform torque.However, with the advent of electronic tubes, electronic relays having distinct features were developed during 1940s. With the discovery of solid state components during 1950s, static relays with numerous advantages were developed. The use of digital computers for protective relaying purposes has been engaging the attention of research and practicing engineers since layer 1960s and 1980s. Now, the microprocessor/mini computer-based relaying scheme, because of its numerous advantages such as self –checking feature and flexibility, has been widely used in power system all over the world.The overall system protection is divided into following sections: (i)Generator protection,(ii)Transformer protection,(iii)Bus protection,(iv)Feederprotection,(v)Transmission line protection.Basic Requirements to Protective RelaysAny protection scheme, which i.e. required to safeguard the power system components against abnormal conditions such as faults, consists basically of two elements(i)Protective relay and (ii) Circuit breaker .The protective relay which is primarily the brain behind the whole scheme plays a very important role. Therefore proper care should be taken in selecting an appropriate protective relay which is reliable, efficient and fast in operation. The protective relay must satisfy the following requirements:⑴ since faults on a well designed and healthy system are normally rare, therelays are called upon to operate only occasionally. This means that therelaying scheme is normally idle and must operate whenever fault occurs. Inother words, it must be reliable.⑵ Since the reliability partly depends upon the maintenance, the relay mustbe easily maintainable.⑶ The palpation of the relay can be in two ways. One is the failure to operatein case a fault occurs an second is the relay operation when there is no fault.As a matter of fact, relay must operate if there is a fault and must notoperate if there is no fault.⑷Relaying scheme must be sensitive enough to distinguish between normaland the faulty system.Protective RelaysThe function of the protective relay is to sense the fault and energize the tripcoil of the circuit breaker. The following types of the protective relays are usedfor the apparatus such as synchronous machines, bus bar, transformer and theother apparatus and transmission line protection.(1) Over current relays,(2) Under voltage relays,(3) Under frequency relays,(4) Directional relays,(5) Thermal relays,(6) Phase sequence relays such as(i)negative sequence relays and, (ii)zerosequence relays,(7) Differential relays and percentage differential relays,(8) Distance relays such as (I)plane impedance relays,(ii)angle impedance relay,i.e. Ohm or reactance relays,(iii)angle admittance relays,i.e. Mho relaysand ,(iv)offset and restricted relays,(9)Pilot relays such as (i) wire pilot relays,(ii)carrier channel pilotrelays,(iii)microwave pilot relays. There are different types of the relayingscheme based on construction. They are:(i)electromechanicaltype,(ii)thermal relays,(iii) transduction relays,(iv)rectifier bridgerelay,(v)electronic relays,(vi)digital relaying schemes.电力系统继电保护电力系统的稳态运行经常会因各种电力设备配故障原因而被扰乱。
电力系统继电保护专业英语词汇
二次谐波制动 CT 断线 PT 断线 二次回路 交流开关电路 交流方向过流继电器 开关把手 断路器跳闸线圈 母线; 导电条 母线电流变压器 分段母线隔离开关 母线室; 汇流条隔离室 母线槽; 母线管道 总线插座 汇流线 母线绝缘器 总线请求周期 母线电抗器 母线保护 集电环 汇流母线 分段电抗器 母线支架; 总线结构 母线联络开关 母线箱 母线故障 母线绝缘子 母线分段开关 电流衰减 电流起动型漏电保护器 电流平衡式差动电流继电器;差 动平衡式电流继电器 换流器 电流补偿式接地远距继电器 电流消耗 线圈调节器 线圈 线圈电流 线圈端漏电抗 线圈电感 电流互感器相角 阻抗继电器 电力变阻器
Second harmonic escapement CT line-break PT line-break Secondary circuit AC circuit breaker AC directional over current relay Breaker point wrench Breaker trip coil Bus bar Bus bar current transformer Bus bar disconnecting switch Bus compartment Bus duct Bus hub Bus line Bus insulator Bus request cycle Bus reactor Bus protection Bus rings Bus rod Bus section reactor Bus structure Bus tie switch Bus-bar chamber Bus-bar fault Bus-bar insulator Bus-bar sectionalizing switch Current attenuation Current actuated leakage protector Current balance type current differential relay Current changer Current compensational ground distance relay Current consumption Coil adjuster Coil curl Coil current Coil end leakage reactance Coil inductance Current transformer phase angle Distance relay; impedance relay Power rheostat
继电保护外文翻译、中英对照
毕业设计(论文) 外文翻译外文题目： Protection Relay 中文题目：继电保护学院名称：电子与信息工程学院专业：电气工程及其自动化班级：电气082继电保护摘要：继电保护非常重要，因为大部分的用户，是从分布线和分配制度以来，比任何其他部分的系统更容易受到破坏。
回顾我国电力系统继保护技术发展的过程中，概述了微机继电保护技术的成就，提出了未来继电保护技术发展趋势将是：计算机化，电网络化，保护，控制，调查结果显示，数据通信一体化和人工智能化。
关键词：继电保护，继电保护现状发展，继电保护的未来发展一、继电保护原理及现状电力系统的迅速发展对继电保护不断提出新的要求，电子技术，计算机技术的快速发展不断为继电保护技术的发展注入新的活力，因此，继电保护技术是有利的，在40多年的时间里已完成发展了4个历史阶段。
建国后，我国继电保护学科、继电保护设计、继电器制造工业和继电保护技术队伍从无到有，在大约10年的时间里走过了先进国家半个世纪走过的道路。
50年代，我国工程技术人员创造性地吸收、消化、掌握了国外先进的继电保护设备性能和运行技术，建成了一支具有深厚继电保护理论造诣和丰富运行经验的继电保护技术队伍，对全国继电保护技术队伍的建立和成长起了指导作用。
阿城继电器厂引进消化了当时国外先进的继电器制造技术，建立了我国自己的继电器制造业。
因而在60年代中我国已建成了继电保护研究、设计、制造、运行和教学的完整体系。
这是机电式继电保护繁荣的时代，为我国继电保护技术的发展奠定了坚实基础。
自50年代末，晶体管继电保护已在开始研究。
60年代中到80年代中是晶体管继电保护蓬勃发展和广泛采用的时代。
其中天津大学与南京电力自动化设备厂合作研究的500kv晶体管方向高频保护和南京电力自动化研究院研制的晶体管高频闭锁距离保护，运行于葛洲坝50 0 kv线路上，结束了500kv线路保护完全依靠从国外进口的时代。
在此期间，从70年代中，基于集成运算放大器的集成电路保护已开始研究。
电力系统继电保护外文及翻译
Power System ProtectionsThe steady-state operation of a power system is frequently disturbed by various faults on electrical equipment. To maintain the proper operation of the power system, an effective, efficient and reliable protection scheme is required. Power system components are designed to operate under normal operating conditions.However, due to any reason, say a fault, there is an abnormality, it is necessary that there should be a device which senses these abnormal conditions and if so, the element or component where such an abnormality has taken place is removed, i.e. deleted from the rest of the system as soon as possible. This is necessary because the power system component can never be designed to withstand the worst possible conditions due to the fact that this will make the whole system highly uneconomical. And therefore, if such an abnormality takes place in any element or component of the power system network, it is desirable that the affected element/component is removed from the rest of the system reliably and quickly in order to restore power in the remaining system under the normal condition as soon as possible.The protection scheme includes both the protective relays and switching circuits, i.e. circuit breakers. The protective relay which functions as a brain is a very important component. The protective relay is a sensing device, which senses the fault, determines its location and then sends command to the proper circuit breaker by closing its trip coil. The circuit breaker after getting command from the protective relay disconnects only the faulted element. this is why the protective relay must be reliable, maintainable and fast in operation.In early days, there used to be electromechanical relay of induction disk-type.However, very soon the disk was replaced by inverted cup, i.e.hollow cylinder and the new relay obtained was known as an induction cup or induction cylinder relay. This relay, which is still in use, possesses several important features such as higher speed; higher torque for a given power input an more uniform torque.However, with the advent of electronic tubes, electronic relays having distinct features were developed during 1940s. With the discovery of solid state components during 1950s, static relays with numerous advantages were developed. The use of digital computers for protective relaying purposes has been engaging the attention of research and practicing engineers since layer 1960s and 1980s. Now, the microprocessor/mini computer-based relaying scheme, because of its numerous advantages such as self –checking feature and flexibility, has been widely used in power system all over the world.The overall system protection is divided into following sections: (i)Generator protection,(ii)Transformer protection,(iii)Bus protection,(iv)Feederprotection,(v)Transmission line protection.Basic Requirements to Protective RelaysAny protection scheme, which i.e. required to safeguard the power system components against abnormal conditions such as faults, consists basically of two elements(i)Protective relay and (ii) Circuit breaker .The protective relay which is primarily the brain behind the whole scheme plays a very important role. Therefore proper care should be taken in selecting an appropriate protective relay which is reliable, efficient and fast in operation. The protective relay must satisfy the following requirements:⑴ since faults on a well designed and healthy system are normally rare, therelays are called upon to operate only occasionally. This means that therelaying scheme is normally idle and must operate whenever fault occurs. Inother words, it must be reliable.⑵ Since the reliability partly depends upon the maintenance, the relay mustbe easily maintainable.⑶ The palpation of the relay can be in two ways. One is the failure to operatein case a fault occurs an second is the relay operation when there is no fault.As a matter of fact, relay must operate if there is a fault and must notoperate if there is no fault.⑷Relaying scheme must be sensitive enough to distinguish between normaland the faulty system.Protective RelaysThe function of the protective relay is to sense the fault and energize the tripcoil of the circuit breaker. The following types of the protective relays are usedfor the apparatus such as synchronous machines, bus bar, transformer and the other apparatus and transmission line protection.(1) Over current relays,(2) Under voltage relays,(3) Under frequency relays,(4) Directional relays,(5) Thermal relays,(6) Phase sequence relays such as(i)negative sequence relays and, (ii)zerosequence relays,(7) Differential relays and percentage differential relays,(8) Distance relays such as (I)plane impedance relays,(ii)angle impedance relay,i.e. Ohm or reactance relays,(iii)angle admittance relays,i.e. Mho relaysand ,(iv)offset and restricted relays,(9)Pilot relays such as (i) wire pilot relays,(ii)carrier channel pilotrelays,(iii)microwave pilot relays. There are different types of the relayingscheme based on construction. They are:(i)electromechanicaltype,(ii)thermal relays,(iii) transduction relays,(iv)rectifier bridgerelay,(v)electronic relays,(vi)digital relaying schemes.电力系统继电保护电力系统的稳态运行经常会因各种电力设备配故障原因而被扰乱。
电力专业英语3--继电保护1
• The object is to safeguard continuity of supply by removing each disturbance before it leads to widespread loss of synchronism, which would necessitate(成为必要,迫使) the shutting down of plant.
电力专业英语3 ——继电保护1
电气工程学院
Protective Relays: 继电保护
• Protective relays are the devices that provide protection against faults, such as short circuits, and abnormal system conditions, such as low frequency, to avoid serious damage to vital pieces of equipment such as lines, transformers, and generators.
• 继电保护装臵的作用是在故障情况下，例 如短路、异常系统状态（如低频），保护 线路、变压器和ve relay system detects the fault and sends trip signals to circuit breakers and other switchgear, while the switchgear clears the fault by interrupting it and isolating the faulty equipment.
• This is a collective term which covers all the equipment used for detecting, locating and initiating the removal of a fault from the power system. Relays are extensively used for major protective functions, but the term also covers direct-acting A.C. trips and fuses. • 保护装臵是一个集合术语，它包括了所有用来检 测、定位和触发切除电力系统故障的设备。继电 器作为主要的保护功能元件而广泛使用，但保护 装臵还包括直接动作的交流接触器和熔断器。
电力系统继电保护专业词汇中英文互译-secret
7
Statorearth-faultprotection
定子接地保护
8
Overfluxingprotection
过励磁保护
9
Back-upprotection
后备保护
11
Sequentialtripping
顺序跳闸
12
Startup/Pickup
起动
13
Breaker
断路器
14
Disconnectingswitch
105
Insulatorarcinghorn
绝缘子角形避雷器;绝缘子角形避雷器
106
Insulatorbracket
绝缘子托架;绝缘子托架
107
Impedancecompensator
阻抗补偿器
零序保护
43
Softstrap
软压板
44
Hardstrap
硬压板
45
Highresistance
高阻
46
Secondharmonicescapement
二次谐波制动
47
CTline-break
CT断线
48
PTline-break
PT断线
49
Secondarycircuit
二次回路
50
ACcircuitbreaker
保护设备;防护设备
99
Protectionreactor
保护电抗器
100
Protectionscreen
保护屏
101
Protectionswitch
保护开关
102
Insulatorcap
绝缘子帽;绝缘子帽
电力系统继电保护中英文对照表
1 Directional protection方向保护2 Distance protection距离保护3 Over current protection过流保护4 Pilot protection高频保护5 Differential protection差动保护6 Rotor earth-fault protection 转子接地保护7 Stator earth-fault protection 定子接地保护8 Over fluxing protection过励磁保护9 Back-up protection后备保护11 Sequential tripping顺序跳闸12 Start up/Pick up起动13 Breaker断路器14 Disconnecting switch隔离开关15 Current transformer电流互感器16 Potential transformer电压互感器17 Dead zone/Blind spot死区18 Vibration/Oscillation振荡19 Reliability可靠性20 Sensitivity灵敏性21 Speed速动性22 Selectivity选择性23 Step-type distance relay分段距离继电器24 Time delay延时25 Escapement/interlock/blocking 闭锁26 Incorrect tripping误动27 Phase to phase fault相间故障28 Earth fault接地故障29 Through- fault穿越故障30 Permanent fault永久性故障31 Temporary fault瞬时性故障32 Overload过负荷34 Contact multiplying relay触点多路式继电器35 Timer relay时间继电器40 Ground fault relay接地故障继电器41 Recloser重合闸42 Zero-sequence protection零序保护43 Soft strap软压板44 Hard strap硬压板45 High resistance高阻46 Second harmonic escapement 二次谐波制动47 CT line-breakCT断线48 PT line-breakPT断线49 Secondary circuit二次回路50 AC circuit breaker交流开关电路51 AC directional over current relay 交流方向过流继电器52 Breaker point wrench开关把手53 Breaker trip coil断路器跳闸线圈54 Bus bar母线; 导电条55 Bus bar current transformer母线电流变压器56Bus bar disconnecting switch分段母线隔离开关57Bus compartment母线室; 汇流条隔离室58Bus duct母线槽; 母线管道59Bus hub总线插座60Bus line汇流线61Bus insulator母线绝缘器62Bus request cycle总线请求周期63Bus reactor母线电抗器64Bus protection母线保护65Bus rings集电环66Bus rod汇流母线67Bus section reactor分段电抗器68Bus structure母线支架; 总线结构69Bus tie switch母线联络开关70Bus-bar chamber母线箱71Bus-bar fault母线故障72Bus-bar insulator母线绝缘子73Busbar sectionalizing switch 母线分段开关74Current attenuation电流衰减75Current actuated leakage protector电流起动型漏电保护器76Current balance type current differential relay电流平衡式差动电流继电器;差动平衡式电流继电器77Current changer换流器78Current compensational ground distance relay电流补偿式接地远距继电器79Current consumption电流消耗80Coil adjuster线圈调节器81Coil curl线圈82Coil current线圈电流83Coil end leakage reactance线圈端漏电抗84Coil inductance线圈电感85Current transformer phase angle电流互感器相角86Distance relay; impedance relay阻抗继电器87Power rheostat电力变阻器88Electrically operated valve电动阀门89Electrical governing system电力调速系统90Field application relay励磁继电器; 激励继电器91High tension electrical porcelain insulator 高压电瓷绝缘子92Option board任选板; 选配电路板; 选择板93Oscillator coil振荡线圈94Over-V oltage relay过压继电器95Power factor relay功率因素继电器96Protection against overpressure超压防护97Protection against unsymmetrical load 不对称负载保护装置98Protection device保护设备; 防护设备99Protection reactor保护电抗器100Protection screen保护屏101Protection switch保护开关102Insulator cap绝缘子帽; 绝缘子帽103Insulator chain绝缘子串; 绝缘子串104Insulator arc-over绝缘子闪络; 绝缘子闪络105Insulator arcing horn绝缘子角形避雷器; 绝缘子角形避雷器106Insulator bracket绝缘子托架; 绝缘子托架107Impedance compensator阻抗补偿器108 Resistance grounded neutral system 中心点电阻接地方式109 Reactance bond电抗耦合; 接合扼流圈110 Reactance of armature reaction电枢反应电抗111 Under-Voltage relay欠压继电器112 V oltage differential relay电压差动继电器114 Relay must-operate value继电器保证启动值115 Relay act trip继电器操作跳闸116 Relay overrun继电器超限运行117 Longitudinal differential protection纵联差动保护118 Phase-angle of voltage transformer电压互感器的相角差119 Zero-sequence current/residual current 零序电流120 Residual current relay零序电流继电器121 Bus bar protection/bus protection母线保护122 Breaker contact point断路器触点123 Cut-off push断路器按钮124 Gaseous shield瓦斯保护装置125 Neutral-point earthing中性点接地126 Internal fault内部故障127 Auxiliary contacts辅助触点128 Neutral auto-transformer中性点接地自耦变压器129 Fuse box/fusible cutout熔断器130 Pulse relay/surge relay冲击继电器旅长2005131 Auxiliary relay/intermediate relay中间继电器132 Common-mode voltage共模电压133 Impedance mismatch阻抗失配134 Intermittent fillet weld间断角缝焊接135 Loss of synchronism protection失步保护136 Closing coil合闸线圈137 Electro polarized relay极化继电器138 Power direction relay功率方向继电器139 Direct-to-ground capacity对地电容140 Shunt running潜动141 Trip/opening跳闸142 Trip switch跳闸开关143 Receiver machine收信机144 High-frequency direction finder 高频测向器145 Capacity charge电容充电146 time over-current时限过电流148 Surge guard冲击防护149 Oscillatory surge振荡冲击150 Fail safe interlock五防装置151 Differential motion差动152 Capacitive current电容电流154 Time delay延时156 Normal inverse反时限157 Definite time定时限158 Multi-zone relay分段限时继电器159 Fail-safe unit五防161 Unbalance current不平衡电流162 Blocking autorecloser 闭锁重合闸163 Primary protection主保护164 Tap分接头165 YC (telemetering)遥测167 Fault clearing time故障切除时间168 Critical clearing time 极限切除时间169 Switch station开关站170 Traveling wave行波171 Protection feature保护特性172 Fault phase selector故障选线元件173 Fault type故障类型174 Inrush励磁涌流175 Ratio restrain比率制动176 Laplace and Fourier transforms 拉氏和傅利叶变换177 Short circuit calculations短路计算178 Load flow calculations潮流计算179 Oscillatory reactivity perturbation 振荡反应性扰动180 Quasi-steady state准稳态181 Automatic quasi-synchronization 自动准同步182 Protective relaying equipment继电保护装置183 AC directional overcurrent relay 交流方向过流继电器184 AC reclosing relay交流重合闸继电器185 Annunciator relay信号继电器188 Carrier or pilot-wire receiver relay载波或导引线接受继电器189 Current-limiting relay限流继电器190 Definite time relay定时限继电器192 Lockout relay闭锁继电器；保持继电器；出口继电器193 Micro-processor based protective relay 微机继电保护194 V oltage -controlled overcurrent relay 电压控制过电流继电器196 Fault diagnosis故障诊断197 Back-up protection后备保护198 Overhead line架空线199 High voltage line高压线路200 Underground cable埋地电缆201 Circuit breaker断路器202 Brushless excitation无刷励磁203 Interlock闭锁204 Trigger触发器205 Winding-to-winding insulation绕组间的绝缘206 Porcelain insulator瓷绝缘子207 Tie line联络线208 Leased line租用线路209 Private line专用线路211 Remote Terminal Unit远程终端设备212 Economic dispatch system经济调度系统213 State estimation状态估计214 Trip by local protection保护跳闸215 Close by local protection保护合闸216 Operational (internal) overvoltage 操作（内部）过电压217 Sampling and holding采样保持218 Synchronized sampling采样同步219 Manipulation操作220 Measuring/Metering unit测量元件221 Locus of measured impedance测量阻抗轨迹222 Differential mode interference差模干扰223 Output (executive) organ出口（执行）元件224 Overcurrent relay with undervoltage supervision低电压起动的过电流保护225 Low impedance busbar protection低阻抗母线保护回复2帖旅长2005228 Half-cycle integral algorithm半周积分算法230 Coordination of relay settings保护的整定配合231 Reach (setting) of protection保护范围（定值）232 Coordination time interval保护配合时间阶段233 Percentage differential relay比率差动继电器234 Electromagnetic relay电磁型继电器236 Instantaneous undervoltage protection with current supervision 电流闭锁的电压速断保护237 Operating equation (criterion)动作方程（判据）238 Operating characteristic动作特性239Harmonic restraining谐波制动241Segregated current differential protection分相电流差动保护242Branch coefficient分支系数243Power line carrier channel (PLC)高频通道245High speed signal acquisition system高速数字信号采集系统246Busbar protection with fixed circuit connection 固定联结式母线保护247Fault recorder故障录波器248Fault phase selection故障选相249Optoelectronic coupler光电耦合器件251Compensating voltage补偿电压252Polarized voltage极化电压253Memory circuit记忆回路254Unblocking signal解除闭锁信号255Power system splitting and reclosing解列重合闸256Connection with 90 degree90度接线257Insulation supervision device绝缘监视258Inrush exciting current of transformer励磁涌流259Two star connection scheme两相星形接线方式260Zero mode component of traveling wave 零模行波261Inverse phase sequence protection逆相序保护262Offset impedance relay偏移特性阻抗继电器263Frequency response频率响应264Activate the breaker trip coil起动断路器跳闸266Permissive under reaching transfer trip scheme 欠范围允许跳闸式267Slight (severe) gas protection轻（重）瓦斯保护268Man－machine interface人机对话接口270Three phase one shot reclosure三相一次重合闸271Out-of-step失步272Accelerating protection for switching onto fault 重合于故障线路加速保护动作275Abrupt signal analysis突变信号分析276Out flowing current外汲电流277False tripping误动279Turn to turn fault，inter turn faults匝间短路280Relay based on incremental quantity增量（突变量）继电器281Vacuum circuit breaker真空开关282Power swing (out of step) blocking振荡（失步）闭锁284Successive approximation type A/D逐次逼进式A/D285Infeed current助增电流286Self reset自动复归287Adaptive segregated directional current differential protection 自适应分相方向纵差保护288Adaptive relay protection自适应继电保护289Pilot protection纵联保护291Angle of maximum sensitivity 最大灵敏角292Out of service退出运行294Waveform波形295Outlet出口296Electromechanical机电的297Magnitude of current电流幅值299Traveling wave signal行波信号300Measurement signal测量信号301Traveling wave relay行波继电器302Transmission line malfunction 输电线路异常运行303Subsystem子系统304Positive sequence impedance 正序阻抗305Negative sequence impedance 负序阻抗306Zero sequence impedance零序阻抗307Digital signal processor数字信号处理器308Frequency sensing频率测量309Cable relay电缆继电器310Under power protection低功率保护311Under voltage protection低电压保护312Transient analysis暂态分析313V oltage sensor电压传感器314Zero-sequence protection零序保护315Zero sequence current transducer 零序电流互感器316Shunt旁路，并联317Series串联，级数318Parallel并联319Saturation饱和320Free-standing独立的，无需支撑物的321Troidal环形的，曲面，螺旋管形322Bushing套管323Magnetizing磁化324Dropout current回动电流325Reactor grounded neutral system 中性点电抗接地系统326Grounding apparatus接地装置327Dual bus双总线328Thyristor晶闸管329Spark gap火花隙330Damping circuit阻尼电路331Discharge放电332Platform平台333Grading等级334Line trap线路陷波器335Field test实地试验337Off-position“断开”位置，“开路”位置338Power-angle功角339Power-angle curve功角特性曲线340Torque-angle转矩角341Symmetrical components 对称分量342Constant常量，恒定343Coupler耦合器345Concussion震动348Filter滤波器349Analogue模拟350Insulator绝缘子351Switch cabinet开关柜352Rated burden\load额定负载353Primary一次侧的354Remote-control apparatus 远距离控制设备355Capacitance电容356Capacitor电容器357Reactance电抗358Inductor电感359Internal resistance内阻360Blow-out coil消弧线圈361Bundle-conductor spacer 分裂导线362Bundle factor分裂系数363Electromotive force电动势364V olt-amphere characteristic伏安特性365Outgoing line引出线366electrolyte电解质368Load characteristic负载特性369Self-induction自感370Mutual-induction互感371Induction coefficient感应系数372Inductance couping电感耦合373Time-invariant时不变的回复3帖4旅长2005端电压375Non-linear characteristics 非线性特性376External characteristics 外特性378Harmonic current正弦电流379Pole-pairs极对数380Quadrature正交381Angular velocity角频率382Magnetic induction磁感应强度385Armature电枢386Peak value（交变量的）最大值387A mutually induced e.m.f互感电动势The applied voltage外施电压389Zero-power-factor零功率因数390The no-load power factor 空载功率因数391Sinusoidal variations正弦变量392A lagging power factor 滞后的功率因数393Equivalent circuit等值电路394Capacitance effect电容效应395Direct axis直轴396Quadrature axis交轴398Concentrated coil集中绕组399Magnetization curve磁化曲线Residual magnetism剩磁401Rated armature current 额定电枢电流402Series excited串励403Self excited自励404Shunt excited并励405spottily excited他励407 Electromagnetic torque 电磁转矩408a retarding torque制动转矩409Rectangular wave矩形波410Synchronous speed同步转速411 Electromagnetic brake 电磁制动synchronous reactance同步电抗413synchronous condenser同步调相机414Load shedding甩负荷415Black-start黑启动417Distribution feeder配电馈线418Commissioning投运419Reactive power compensation 无功补偿器420Continuous rating连续运行的额定值421AI (artificial intelligence)人工智能422Network topology网络拓补424Configuration control组态控制Topological information拓补信息426Black-out area停电区428Adaptive relaying自适应继电保护429Adaptive features自适应特性430Phase comparison relays相位比较继电器431Directional contact方向触点432Protective gap保护间隙433Protective earthing保护接地434Protective earthing; outer insulation 保护绝缘435Protection switch保护开关436Protective cap保护帽Protective panel保护屏柜439Protection device保护设备440Protective casing保护外壳441Catch net; protecting net保护网442Protection system保护系统443Protective link保护线路444Protective ground保护性接地445Protective cover; Protective housing 保护罩446Protection device; Protective gear 保护装置447Protective transformer保护变压器448Alarm relay报警信号继电器Alarm signal；alerting signal报警信号450Admittance relays导纳型继电保护装置451Low-voltage protection低压保护452Under-voltage release低电压跳闸453Under-voltage trip低电压自动跳闸454Under-run低负荷运行455Under-power protection低功率保护456Under-power relay低功率继电器457Under-frequency protection低频保护458Low-frequency high-voltage test 低频高压实验459Low-voltage relay低压继电器Low-voltage release relay 低压释放继电器461Under-frequency protection 低周波保护463Under-impedance relay低阻抗继电器465Conductance relay电导继电器466Motor-field failure relay电动机磁场故障继电器467Dynamoelectric relay电动式继电器468Electric reset relay电复位继电器469Power-transformer relay电力传输继电器471Power system oscillation 电力系统振荡472Electric interlock relay连锁继电器473Current overload电流过载Self-polarizing relay电流极化继电器475Current-balance relay 电流平衡式继电器476Circuit control relay电路控制继电器479Capacitance relay电容继电器480Capacity ground电容接地481V oltage balance relay电压平衡继电器482Circuit control relay电路控制继电器483V oltage responsive relay 电压响应继电器484V oltage selection relay 电压选择继电器485Power failure电源故障486Power-transfer relay电源切换继电器vacuum-tube relay电子管继电器488Ohm relay电阻继电器489Timing relay; timed relay定时继电器490Time pulse relay定时脉冲继电器492Directional over-current relay方向过流继电器493Directional over-current protection 方向过流保护494Directional distance relay方向距离继电器495Directional pilot relaying方向纵联继电保护497Cut-off relay断路继电器498Circuit breaker failure protection 断路器故障保护装置500Open-phase relay断相继电器Earth-leakage protection对地漏电保护502Multiple-reclosing breaker多次重合闸断路器503Multi-ended circuit protection多端线路保护506Multiple earth多重接地507Two-position relay二位置继电器508Generator protection发电机保护509Generator cutout relay发电机断路继电器510Generator protection for negative sequence current 发电机负序电流保护511Transmitting relay发送继电器512Back-spin timer反转时间继电器513Auxiliary relay辅助继电器Negative phase relay负相位继电器515Negative-phase sequence impendence 负相序继电器516Under-load relay负载不足继电器517Back-up over-speed governor附加超速保护装置518Induction cup relay感应杯式继电器520Induction type relay感应式继电器521Induction disc relay感应圆盘式继电器522High sensitive relay高灵敏度继电器回复4帖5旅长2005523High-speed impedance relay 高速阻抗继电器524High-voltage relay高压继电器525Power relay功率继电器527Transition impedance过渡阻抗528Thermal protection过热保护529Temperature limiting relay过热继电器530Overload relay过载继电器531Overload trip过载跳闸532Thermostat relay恒温继电器533Closing relay合闸继电器534Transverse differential protection 横差保护535Transfer of auxiliary supply后备电源切换536Back-up system后备继电保护Delay-action relay缓动继电器538Slow-to release relay缓放继电器539Converter relay换流器继电器540Electromechanical relay机电继电器541Biased differential relaying极化差动继电保护系统542Discontinuous relay鉴别继电器543Transistor relay晶体管继电器544Crystal can relay晶体密闭继电器545Static relay静电继电器546Fast-operate slow-release relay 快动缓释继电器547Fast-release relay快释放继电器Excitation-loss relay失磁继电器553Two-phase short circuit fault 两相短路故障554Two-phase grounding fault 两相接地短路故障556Sensitive polarized relay灵敏极化继电器558Sensitive relay灵敏继电器560Abnormal overload异常过载561Abnormal overvoltage事故过电压562Above earth potential对地电势563Absolute potential绝对电势564AC circuit breaker交流断路器565AC component交流分量AC distribution system 交流配电系统567Air-blast circuit breaker 空气灭弧断路器568Air-blast switch空气吹弧开关569Air brake switch空气制动开关571Air breaker空气断路器572Air-space cable空气绝缘电缆573Alive带电的574All-relay interlocking 全部继电连锁575All-relay selector全继电式选择器578Arc extinguishing coil 灭弧线圈579Arc suppressing reactor 灭弧电抗器Asymmetric load不对称负载581Asymmetric short circuit 不对称短路582Asynchronous reactance 异步电抗583Asynchronous resistance 异步电阻584Biased differential relaying 极化差动继电保护系统585Bi-directional relay双向继电器586Blinker继电器吊牌587Blocking relay连锁继电器589Blowout coil灭弧线圈590Bus hub总线插座591Bus protective relay母线保护继电器Bus section breaker 母线分段断路器593Bus terminal fault母线终端故障594Bus separation母线分离595Bus tie circuit breaker 母线联络继电器596Bypass旁路597Coil factor线圈系数598Compound relay复合电路599Continuous load持续负载600Counting relay计数继电器602Cut-off of supply停止供电603Cut-out relay短路继电器Dash current冲击电流605Data medium数据载体606Data processing数据处理607Data transmission数据传输608Emergency service事故运行609Emergency standby 事故备用611Extinction coil消弧线圈612Extinguishing voltage 消弧线圈613Extra high voltage超高压614Fault line故障线615Fault location故障定位Feedback反馈617Feeder馈电线618Interlock连锁619Intermittent fault间歇故障620Interrupting time断路时间621Negative direction反方向622No-load release无跳闸623Off-peak非峰值的624Operating load运行负载625Orthogonal正交的626Rated primary voltage 一次额定电压Rated secondary volage 二次额定电压628Remote controlled遥控的629Reserve bus备用母线630Rotor转子631Sectionalizer分段断路器632Self-energizing自激的633Sequential tripping顺序跳闸637Surge voltage冲击电压638Sustained overload持续过电压639Symmetrical对称的640Fault component故障分量Wavelet transform小波变换642Object-oriented面向对象643Faults recorder故障录波644Setting calculation整定计算645Topology analysis拓扑分析646Expert system专家系统647Security安全性651Load schedule according to frequency change 按周波减载653Semiconductor, semiconductor diode, transistor 半导体、半导体二级管、三极管654Semi-orthogonal wavelet半正交小波656Saturation, saturation detection, saturation curve 饱和，饱和检测，饱和曲线Relay location保护安装处658Coordination of relay settings保护的整定配合659Coordination time interval保护配合时间阶段660Relay system configuration保护配置661Redundancy of relaying system保护配置的冗余度663Protection devices, protection equipment保护装置664Starting current and returning current of protection device 保护装置的起动电流和返回电流665Alarm报警666Approximation component逼近分量668B sampling functionB样条函数670Transformation matrix变换矩阵。
电力系统继电保护专业英语词汇
159
Fail-safe unit
五防
161
Unbalance current
不平衡电流
162
Blocking autorecloser
闭锁重合闸
163
Primary protection
主保护
164
Tap
分接头
165
YC (telemetering)
遥测
167
Fault clearing time
继电器保证启动值
115
Relay act trip
继电器操作跳闸
116
Relay overrun
继电器超限运行
117
Longitudinal differential protection
纵联差动保护
118
Phase-angle of voltage transformer
电压互感器的相角差
119
Zero-sequence current/residual current
故障诊断
197
Back-up protection
后备保护
198
Overhead line
架空线
199
High voltage line
零序电流
120
Residual current relay
零序电流继电器
121
Bus bar protection/bus protection
母线保护
122
Breaker contact point
断路器触点
123
Cut-off push
断路器按钮
124
Gaseous shield
电力系统继电保护中英文对照表
电力系统继电保护中英文对照表七戒旅长2005七2007-10-26 11:14131 Auxiliary relay/intermediate relay中间继电器132 Common-mode voltage共模电压133 Impedance mismatch阻抗失配134 Intermittent fillet weld间断角缝焊接135 Loss of synchronism protection失步爱护136 Closing coil合闸线圈137 Electro polarized relay极化继电器138 Power direction relay功率方向继电器139 Direct-to-ground capacity对地电容140 Shunt running潜动141 Trip/opening跳闸142 Trip switch跳闸开关143 Receiver machine收信机144 High-frequency direction finder 高频测向器145 Capacity charge电容充电146 time over-current时限过电流148 Surge guard冲击防护149 Oscillatory surge振荡冲击150 Fail safe interlock五防装置151 Differential motion差动152 Capacitive current电容电流154 Time delay延时156 Normal inverse反时限157 Definite time定时限158 Multi-zone relay分段限时继电器159 Fail-safe unit五防161 Unbalance current不平稳电流162 Blocking autorecloser闭锁重合闸163 Primary protection主爱护164 Tap分接头165 YC (telemetering)遥测167 Fault clearing time故障切除时刻168 Critical clearing time极限切除时刻169 Switch station开关站170 Traveling wave行波171 Protection feature爱护特性172 Fault phase selector故障选线元件173 Fault type故障类型174 Inrush励磁涌流175 Ratio restrain比率制动176 Laplace and Fourier transforms 拉氏和傅利叶变换177 Short circuit calculations短路运算178 Load flow calculations潮流运算179 Oscillatory reactivity perturbation振荡反应性扰动180 Quasi-steady state准稳态181 Automatic quasi-synchronization自动准同步182 Protective relaying equipment继电爱护装置183 AC directional overcurrent relay交流方向过流继电器184 AC reclosing relay交流重合闸继电器185 Annunciator relay信号继电器188 Carrier or pilot-wire receiver relay载波或导引线同意继电器189 Current-limiting relay限流继电器190 Definite time relay定时限继电器192 Lockout relay闭锁继电器；保持继电器；出口继电器193 Micro-processor based protective relay 微机继电爱护194 V oltage -controlled overcurrent relay 电压操纵过电流继电器196 Fault diagnosis故障诊断197 Back-up protection后备爱护198 Overhead line架空线199 High voltage line高压线路200 Underground cable埋地电缆201 Circuit breaker断路器202 Brushless excitation无刷励磁203 Interlock闭锁204 Trigger触发器205 Winding-to-winding insulation 绕组间的绝缘206 Porcelain insulator瓷绝缘子207 Tie line联络线208 Leased line租用线路209 Private line专用线路211 Remote Terminal Unit远程终端设备212 Economic dispatch system经济调度系统213 State estimation状态估量214 Trip by local protection爱护跳闸215 Close by local protection爱护合闸216 Operational (internal) overvoltage操作（内部）过电压217 Sampling and holding采样保持218 Synchronized sampling采样同步219 Manipulation操作220 Measuring/Metering unit测量元件221 Locus of measured impedance测量阻抗轨迹222 Differential mode interference差模干扰223 Output (executive) organ出口（执行）元件224 Overcurrent relay with undervoltage supervision低电压起动的过电流爱护225 Low impedance busbar protection低阻抗母线爱护回复2帖帖七戒旅长2005六2007-10-26 11:15228 Half-cycle integral algorithm半周积分算法230 Coordination of relay settings爱护的整定配合231 Reach (setting) of protection爱护范畴（定值）232 Coordination time interval爱护配合时刻时期233 Percentage differential relay比率差动继电器234 Electromagnetic relay电磁型继电器236 Instantaneous undervoltage protection with current supervision 电流闭锁的电压速断爱护237 Operating equation (criterion)动作方程（判据）238 Operating characteristic动作特性239Harmonic restraining谐波制动241Segregated current differential protection分相电流差动爱护242Branch coefficient分支系数243Power line carrier channel (PLC)高频通道245High speed signal acquisition system高速数字信号采集系统246Busbar protection with fixed circuit connection 固定联结式母线爱护247Fault recorder故障录波器248Fault phase selection故障选相249Optoelectronic coupler光电耦合器件251Compensating voltage补偿电压252Polarized voltage极化电压253Memory circuit经历回路254Unblocking signal解除闭锁信号255Power system splitting and reclosing解列重合闸256Connection with 90 degree90度接线257Insulation supervision device绝缘监视258Inrush exciting current of transformer励磁涌流259Two star connection scheme两相星形接线方式260Zero mode component of traveling wave零模行波261Inverse phase sequence protection逆相序爱护262Offset impedance relay偏移特性阻抗继电器263Frequency response频率响应264Activate the breaker trip coil起动断路器跳闸266Permissive under reaching transfer trip scheme 欠范畴承诺跳闸式267Slight (severe) gas protection轻（重）瓦斯爱护268Man－machine interface人机对话接口270Three phase one shot reclosure三相一次重合闸271Out-of-step失步272Accelerating protection for switching onto fault 重合于故障线路加速爱护动作275Abrupt signal analysis突变信号分析276Out flowing current外汲电流277False tripping误动279Turn to turn fault，inter turn faults匝间短路280Relay based on incremental quantity增量（突变量）继电器281Vacuum circuit breaker真空开关282Power swing (out of step) blocking振荡（失步）闭锁284Successive approximation type A/D逐次逼进式A/D285Infeed current助增电流286Self reset自动复归287Adaptive segregated directional current differential protection 自适应分相方向纵差爱护288Adaptive relay protection自适应继电爱护289Pilot protection纵联爱护291Angle of maximum sensitivity最大灵敏角292Out of service退出运行294Waveform波形295Outlet出口296Electromechanical机电的297Magnitude of current电流幅值299Traveling wave signal行波信号300Measurement signal测量信号301Traveling wave relay行波继电器302Transmission line malfunction 输电线路专门运行303Subsystem子系统304Positive sequence impedance 正序阻抗305Negative sequence impedance 负序阻抗306Zero sequence impedance零序阻抗307Digital signal processor数字信号处理器308Frequency sensing频率测量309Cable relay电缆继电器310Under power protection低功率爱护311Under voltage protection低电压爱护312Transient analysis暂态分析313V oltage sensor电压传感器314Zero-sequence protection零序爱护315Zero sequence current transducer 零序电流互感器316Shunt旁路，并联317Series串联，级数318Parallel并联319Saturation饱和320Free-standing独立的，无需支撑物的321Troidal环形的，曲面，螺旋管形322Bushing套管323Magnetizing磁化324Dropout current回动电流325Reactor grounded neutral system 中性点电抗接地系统326Grounding apparatus接地装置327Dual bus双总线328Thyristor晶闸管329Spark gap火花隙330Damping circuit阻尼电路331Discharge放电332Platform平台333Grading等级334Line trap线路陷波器335Field test实地试验337Off-position“断开”位置，“开路”位置338Power-angle功角339Power-angle curve功角特性曲线340Torque-angle转矩角341Symmetrical components 对称重量342Constant常量，恒定343Coupler耦合器345Concussion震动348Filter滤波器349Analogue模拟350Insulator绝缘子351Switch cabinet开关柜352Rated burden\load额定负载353Primary一次侧的354Remote-control apparatus 远距离操纵设备355Capacitance电容356Capacitor电容器357Reactance电抗358Inductor电感359Internal resistance内阻360Blow-out coil消弧线圈361Bundle-conductor spacer 分裂导线362Bundle factor分裂系数363Electromotive force电动势364V olt-amphere characteristic 伏安特性365Outgoing line引出线366electrolyte电解质368Load characteristic负载特性369Self-induction自感370Mutual-induction互感371Induction coefficient感应系数372Inductance couping电感耦合373Time-invariant时不变的回复3帖4帖七戒旅长2005五2007-10-26 11:16374Terminal voltage端电压375Non-linear characteristics非线性特性376External characteristics外特性378Harmonic current正弦电流379Pole-pairs极对数380Quadrature正交381Angular velocity角频率382Magnetic induction磁感应强度385Armature电枢386Peak value（交变量的）最大值387A mutually induced e.m.f 互感电动势388The applied voltage外施电压389Zero-power-factor零功率因数390The no-load power factor 空载功率因数391Sinusoidal variations正弦变量392A lagging power factor 滞后的功率因数393Equivalent circuit等值电路394Capacitance effect电容效应395Direct axis直轴396Quadrature axis交轴398Concentrated coil集中绕组399Magnetization curve 磁化曲线400Residual magnetism 剩磁401Rated armature current 额定电枢电流402Series excited串励403Self excited自励404Shunt excited并励405spottily excited他励407 Electromagnetic torque 电磁转矩408a retarding torque制动转矩409Rectangular wave矩形波410Synchronous speed同步转速411 Electromagnetic brake 电磁制动412synchronous reactance 同步电抗413synchronous condenser 同步调相机414Load shedding甩负荷415Black-start黑启动417Distribution feeder配电馈线418 Commissioning投运419Reactive power compensation 无功补偿器420Continuous rating连续运行的额定值421AI (artificial intelligence)人工智能422Network topology网络拓补424Configuration control组态操纵425Topological information拓补信息426Black-out area停电区428Adaptive relaying自适应继电爱护429Adaptive features自适应特性430Phase comparison relays相位比较继电器431Directional contact方向触点432Protective gap爱护间隙433Protective earthing爱护接地434Protective earthing; outer insulation 爱护绝缘435Protection switch爱护开关436Protective cap爱护帽437Protective panel爱护屏柜439Protection device爱护设备440Protective casing爱护外壳441Catch net; protecting net爱护网442Protection system爱护系统443Protective link爱护线路444Protective ground爱护性接地445Protective cover; Protective housing 爱护罩446Protection device; Protective gear 爱护装置447Protective transformer爱护变压器448Alarm relay报警信号继电器449Alarm signal；alerting signal报警信号450Admittance relays导纳型继电爱护装置451Low-voltage protection低压爱护452Under-voltage release低电压跳闸453Under-voltage trip低电压自动跳闸454Under-run低负荷运行455Under-power protection低功率爱护456Under-power relay低功率继电器457Under-frequency protection低频爱护458Low-frequency high-voltage test 低频高压实验459Low-voltage relay低压继电器460Low-voltage release relay低压开释继电器461Under-frequency protection低周波爱护463Under-impedance relay低阻抗继电器465Conductance relay电导继电器466Motor-field failure relay电动机磁场故障继电器467Dynamoelectric relay电动式继电器468Electric reset relay电复位继电器469Power-transformer relay 电力传输继电器471Power system oscillation 电力系统振荡472Electric interlock relay 连锁继电器473Current overload电流过载474Self-polarizing relay电流极化继电器475Current-balance relay电流平稳式继电器476Circuit control relay电路操纵继电器479Capacitance relay电容继电器480Capacity ground电容接地481V oltage balance relay电压平稳继电器482Circuit control relay电路操纵继电器483V oltage responsive relay电压响应继电器484V oltage selection relay电压选择继电器485Power failure电源故障486Power-transfer relay电源切换继电器487vacuum-tube relay电子管继电器488Ohm relay电阻继电器489Timing relay; timed relay定时继电器490Time pulse relay定时脉冲继电器492Directional over-current relay方向过流继电器493Directional over-current protection 方向过流爱护494Directional distance relay方向距离继电器495Directional pilot relaying方向纵联继电爱护497Cut-off relay断路继电器498Circuit breaker failure protection 断路器故障爱护装置500Open-phase relay断相继电器501Earth-leakage protection对地漏电爱护502Multiple-reclosing breaker多次重合闸断路器503Multi-ended circuit protection多端线路爱护506Multiple earth多重接地507Two-position relay二位置继电器508Generator protection发电机爱护509Generator cutout relay发电机断路继电器510Generator protection for negative sequence current 发电机负序电流爱护511Transmitting relay发送继电器512Back-spin timer反转时刻继电器513Auxiliary relay辅助继电器514Negative phase relay负相位继电器515Negative-phase sequence impendence负相序继电器516Under-load relay负载不足继电器517Back-up over-speed governor附加超速爱护装置518Induction cup relay感应杯式继电器520Induction type relay感应式继电器521Induction disc relay感应圆盘式继电器522High sensitive relay高灵敏度继电器回复4帖5帖七戒旅长2005四2007-10-26 11:16523High-speed impedance relay高速阻抗继电器524High-voltage relay高压继电器525Power relay功率继电器527Transition impedance过渡阻抗528Thermal protection过热爱护529Temperature limiting relay过热继电器530Overload relay过载继电器531Overload trip过载跳闸532Thermostat relay恒温继电器533Closing relay合闸继电器534Transverse differential protection 横差爱护535Transfer of auxiliary supply后备电源切换536Back-up system后备继电爱护537Delay-action relay缓动继电器538Slow-to release relay缓放继电器539Converter relay换流器继电器540Electromechanical relay机电继电器541Biased differential relaying极化差动继电爱护系统542Discontinuous relay鉴别继电器543Transistor relay晶体管继电器544Crystal can relay晶体密闭继电器545Static relay静电继电器546Fast-operate slow-release relay 快动缓释继电器547Fast-release relay快开释继电器549Excitation-loss relay失磁继电器553Two-phase short circuit fault 两相短路故障554Two-phase grounding fault两相接地短路故障556Sensitive polarized relay灵敏极化继电器558Sensitive relay灵敏继电器560Abnormal overload专门过载561Abnormal overvoltage 事故过电压562Above earth potential 对地电势563Absolute potential绝对电势564AC circuit breaker交流断路器565AC component交流重量566AC distribution system 交流配电系统567Air-blast circuit breaker 空气灭弧断路器568Air-blast switch空气吹弧开关569Air brake switch空气制动开关571Air breaker空气断路器572Air-space cable空气绝缘电缆573Alive带电的574All-relay interlocking全部继电连锁575All-relay selector全继电式选择器578Arc extinguishing coil灭弧线圈579Arc suppressing reactor灭弧电抗器580Asymmetric load不对称负载581Asymmetric short circuit 不对称短路582Asynchronous reactance 异步电抗583Asynchronous resistance 异步电阻584Biased differential relaying 极化差动继电爱护系统585Bi-directional relay双向继电器586Blinker继电器吊牌587Blocking relay连锁继电器589Blowout coil灭弧线圈590Bus hub总线插座591Bus protective relay 母线爱护继电器592Bus section breaker 母线分段断路器593Bus terminal fault母线终端故障594Bus separation母线分离595Bus tie circuit breaker 母线联络继电器596Bypass旁路597Coil factor线圈系数598Compound relay复合电路599Continuous load连续负载600Counting relay计数继电器602Cut-off of supply 停止供电603Cut-out relay短路继电器604Dash current冲击电流605Data medium数据载体606Data processing数据处理607Data transmission 数据传输608Emergency service 事故运行609Emergency standby 事故备用611Extinction coil消弧线圈612Extinguishing voltage 消弧线圈613Extra high voltage超高压614Fault line故障线615Fault location故障定位616Feedback反馈617Feeder馈电线618Interlock连锁619Intermittent fault间歇故障620Interrupting time断路时刻621Negative direction反方向622No-load release无跳闸623Off-peak非峰值的624Operating load运行负载625Orthogonal正交的626Rated primary voltage 一次额定电压627Rated secondary volage 二次额定电压628Remote controlled遥控的629Reserve bus备用母线630Rotor转子631Sectionalizer分段断路器632Self-energizing自激的633Sequential tripping 顺序跳闸637Surge voltage冲击电压638Sustained overload 连续过电压639 Symmetrical对称的640Fault component 故障重量641Wavelet transform 小波变换642Object-oriented面向对象643Faults recorder故障录波644Setting calculation 整定运算645Topology analysis 拓扑分析646Expert system专家系统647Security安全性651Load schedule according to frequency change 按周波减载653Semiconductor, semiconductor diode, transistor 半导体、半导体二级管、三极管654Semi-orthogonal wavelet半正交小波656Saturation, saturation detection, saturation curve 饱和，饱和检测，饱和曲线657Relay location爱护安装处658Coordination of relay settings爱护的整定配合659Coordination time interval爱护配合时刻时期660Relay system configuration爱护配置661Redundancy of relaying system爱护配置的冗余度663Protection devices, protection equipment爱护装置664Starting current and returning current of protection device 爱护装置的起动电流和返回电流665Alarm报警666Approximation component靠近重量668B sampling functionB样条函数670Transformation matrix变换矩阵672Fault type故障类别673Pockels effect波克尔斯效应674Wave propagation velocity波速675Waveform identification波形识别法回复5帖6帖七戒旅长2005三2007-10-26 11:17676Wave impedance, surge impedance波阻抗677Compensation voltage补偿电压678Compensation theorem, compensation principle 补偿原理679Unavailability, failure rate不可用率，失效率680Immune to electromagnetic interference不受电磁干扰681Abnormal operating condition不正常运行状态682Sampling interruption service program采样中断服务程序683Synchronizing by reference parameter vector 参数矢量同步法684Operational(internal) over voltage操作（内部）过电压685Manipulating organ操作单元686Measurement，measuring unit测量，测量单元687Measured impedance测量阻抗688Locus of measured impedance测量阻抗轨迹689Differential relay差动继电器690Differential mode interference差模干扰691Distributed capacitance of long line 长线分布电容692Normally closed contacts常闭节点693Normally open contacts常开节点694Over reach blocking scheme超范畴闭锁式696Extra-high-voltage transmission line 超高压传输697Sustained faults连续性故障698Output(executive) organ出口（执行）元件699Contact触点、接点700Capacitor of series compensation串补电容701Window function窗函数702Differential relay with fast saturated current transformer 带有速饱和变流器的差动继电器703Single-chip microcontroller单片机704Single-phase(three phase) transmission line单相（三相）传输线705Unit protection单元式爱护707Low frequency component, subharmonic低频重量，低次谐波708Low impedance bus bar protection低阻抗母线爱护709Current traveling wave电流行波710Electrical apparatus, equipments电器设备711Electrical network, power network电网712V oltage waveform distortion电压波形崎变713V oltage traveling wave电压行波714Operating time动作时刻715Multiphase compensated impedance relay多相补偿式阻抗继电器716Generator, generator-transformer set发电机，发电机－变压器组717Protection of generator-transformer set发电机――变压器爱护718Field failure protection of generator发电机的失磁爱护720Metallic fault金属性故障721Transistor type relay晶体管型继电器723Differential protection with percentage restraining 具有比率制动的差动继电器724Pilot protection using distance relay距离纵联爱护726Stator ground protection based on zero sequence current 零序电流构成的定子接地爱护728Zero sequence ct零序电流互感器729Zero sequence current relay零序电流继电器730Mutual induction of zero sequence零序互感的阻碍731Bus bar protection母线爱护732Combined bus and transformer protection母线和变压器共用爱护733Energy directional relay能量方向继电器734Inverse power protection逆功率爱护735Inverse phase sequence protection逆相序爱护736Frequency window频窗737Frequency component频率重量738Slight gas protection, severe gas protection 轻瓦斯与重瓦斯爱护739Man-machine interface人机对话接口740Weak power end protection弱电源端爱护741Three terminal line protection三端输电线爱护742Digital protection数字式爱护743Digital signal processor(dsp)数字信号处理744Double bus bar protection双母线爱护745Ultra-high voltage transmission特高压输电746Trip relay跳闸继电器747Communication interface通讯接口748Communication channel通讯通道749Mutually coupled lines有互感线路750Relay based on transient component暂态爱护751Relay based on incremental quantity增量继电器753Heavy load重负荷754Relay acceleration after auto-reclosing 重合闸后加速爱护755Relay acceleration before auto-reclosing 重合闸前加速爱护756Main protection主爱护757Automatic reclosure自动重合闸758Adaptive relay protection自适应继电爱护762Longitudinal differential relay纵联差动继电器763Impedance converter阻抗变换器764Impedance circle阻抗圆765Angle of maximum sensitivity 最大灵敏角766Minimum load impedance最小负荷阻抗767Blocking signal闭锁信号768Arcing fault电弧接地故障769Isolated neutral system中性点绝缘系统770Arc suppression coil消弧线圈771Healthy phases非故障相772Remote terminal unit(RTU) 远方终端773Power line carrier(PLC)电力线载波774Parallel port并行出口775Serial port串行接口776Clock时钟777SCADA监控与数据采集778Scan扫描779Self-check自检780Alarm告警781Pulse脉冲782Ground-fault of ungrounded systems 小电流接地系统785Load patterns负荷形式788V oltage instability电压不稳789Fast response快速响应。
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Power System ProtectionsThe steady-state operation of a power system is frequently disturbed by various faults on electrical equipment. To maintain the proper operation of the power system, an effective, efficient and reliable protection scheme is required. Power system components are designed to operate under normal operating , due to any reason, say a fault, there is an abnormality, it is necessary that there should be a device which senses these abnormal conditions and if so, the element or component where such an abnormalityhas taken place is removed, . deleted from the rest of the system as soonas possible. This is necessary because the power system component can never be designed to withstand the worst possible conditions due to the fact that this will make the whole system highly uneconomical. And therefore, if such an abnormality takes place in any element or component of the power system network, it is desirable that the affected element/component is removedfrom the rest of the system reliably and quickly in order to restore powerin the remaining system under the normal condition as soon as possible.The protection scheme includes both the protective relays andswitching circuits, . circuit breakers. The protective relay whichfunctions as a brain is a very important component. The protective relay is a sensing device, which senses the fault, determines its location and then sends command to the proper circuit breaker by closing its trip coil. The circuit breaker after getting command from the protective relay disconnects only the faulted element. this is why the protective relay must be reliable, maintainable and fast in operation.In early days, there used to be electromechanical relay of induction , very soon the disk was replaced by inverted cup, cylinder and the newrelay obtained was known as an induction cup or induction cylinder relay. This relay, which is still in use, possesses several important featuressuch as higher speed; higher torque for a given power input an more uniform torque.However, with the advent of electronic tubes, electronic relays having distinct features were developed during 1940s. With the discovery of solidstate components during 1950s, static relays with numerous advantages were developed. The use of digital computers for protective relaying purposes has been engaging the attention of research and practicing engineers since layer 1960s and 1980s. Now, the microprocessor/mini computer-based relaying scheme, because of its numerous advantages such as self –checking feature and flexibility, has been widely used in power system all over the world.The overall system protection is divided into following sections:(i)Generator protection,(ii)Transformer protection,(iii)Busprotection,(iv)Feeder protection,(v)Transmission line protection.Basic Requirements to Protective RelaysAny protection scheme, which . required to safeguard the power system components against abnormal conditions such as faults, consists basically of two elements(i)Protective relay and (ii) Circuit breaker .The protective relay which is primarily the brain behind the whole scheme plays a very important role. Therefore proper care should be taken in selecting an appropriate protective relay which is reliable, efficient and fast in operation. The protective relay must satisfy the following requirements:⑴ since faults on a well designed and healthy system are normallyrare, the relays are called upon to operate only occasionally. Thismeans that the relaying scheme is normally idle and must operatewhenever fault occurs. In other words, it must be reliable.⑵ Since the reliability partly depends upon the maintenance, therelay must be easily maintainable.⑶ The palpation of the relay can be in two ways. One is the failureto operate in case a fault occurs an second is the relay operationwhen there is no fault. As a matter of fact, relay must operate ifthere is a fault and must not operate if there is no fault.⑷Relaying scheme must be sensitive enough to distinguish betweennormal and the faulty system.Protective RelaysThe function of the protective relay is to sense the fault and energize the trip coil of the circuit breaker. The following types of the protective relays are used for the apparatus such as synchronous machines, bus bar, transformer and the other apparatus and transmission line protection.(1) Over current relays,(2) Under voltage relays,(3) Under frequency relays,(4) Directional relays,(5) Thermal relays,(6) Phase sequence relays such as(i)negative sequence relays and,(ii)zero sequence relays,(7) Differential relays and percentage differential relays,(8) Distance relays such as (I)plane impedance relays,(ii)angleimpedance relay, . Ohm or reactance relays,(iii)angleadmittance relays,. Mho relays and ,(iv)offset and restrictedrelays,(9)Pilot relays such as (i) wire pilot relays,(ii)carrier channelpilot relays,(iii)microwave pilot relays. There are different types of the relaying scheme based on construction. Theyare:(i)electromechanical type,(ii)thermal relays,(iii) transduction relays,(iv)rectifier bridge relay,(v)electronic relays,(vi)digital relaying schemes.电力系统继电保护电力系统的稳态运行经常会因各种电力设备配故障原因而被扰乱。