Comprehensive Table of Contents of Vol. 16

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基于主成分分析法评价酱香型白酒的不同轮次基酒

现 Nhomakorabea食品科技
Modern Food Science and Technology
2021, Vol.37, No.7
基于主成分分析法评价酱香型白酒的不同轮次基酒
唐维川 1，孔祥凯 2，王婷 2，邱声强 2，赵金松 1,3，钱宇 1,4,5，云岭 2
（1.四川轻化工大学生物工程学院，四川自贡 643000）（2.四川省川酒集团酱酒有限公司，四川泸州 646500）
气相色谱（Gas Chromatography）、高效液相色谱仪（High Performance Liquid Chromatography）等仪器已广泛应用于白酒风味物质分析[2,10]。气相色谱质谱联用（Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer）不仅用于简单的检测风味物质成分，同时可有效应用于白酒品牌鉴定、白酒中塑化剂测定。随着越来越多的风味物质得到定性定量，主成分分析 (Principal Component Analysis) 、判别分析（ Distinguish Analysis）、偏最小二乘法判别分析（Partial Least Squares-Discriiminate Analysis）、聚类分析（Cluster Analysis ）、人工神经网络分析（Artificial Neural Networks）等方法也应用到了酒类风味物质的分析研究中[11]。
located below X axis and near Y axis, and the sixth and seventh rounds were concentrated near the positive axis of X axis. The comprehensive

Research_on_the_Construction_of_Intelligent_Innova

Research on the Construction of Intelligent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Teaching Platform in Universities Based on Neural Network TechnologyTao ZhangSchool of Foreign Languages, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450064ABSTRACTWith the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, neuralnetwork technology has become an important branch in the field ofAI. In higher education, neural network technology has also begun tobe applied in the construction of teaching platforms, providing newideas and methods for the development of intelligent innovation andentrepreneurship teaching platforms in universities. This paper aims toexplore the construction path of a university's intelligent innovation andentrepreneurship teaching platform based on neural network technology,providing references for the construction of intelligent innovation andentrepreneurship teaching platforms in universities.KEYWORDSNeural network technology; University; Intelligence; Innovation andentrepreneurship teaching platform; Construction pathDOI: 10.47297/taposatWSP2633-456913.202304011 IntroductionWith the continuous progress and widespread application of information technology, artificial intelligence has become an essential component of today’s society. Neural network technology, as an important branch of artificial intelligence, possesses powerful learning and prediction capabilities and has been widely applied in image recognition, natural language processing, speech recognition, and other fields. In higher education, neural network technology has also begun to be applied in the construction of teaching platforms, offering new ideas and methods for the development of intelligent innovation and entrepreneurship teaching platforms in universities.2 Research Background and Significance(1) The Role of Intelligent Teaching Platforms in Enhancing Innovation and Entrepreneurship EducationIntelligent teaching platforms play a crucial role in enhancing innovation and entrepreneurship education. They enable personalized learning and intelligent guidance, helping students better understand and master the study material, thereby improving learning outcomes and self-confidence. Additionally, these platforms also provide intelligent analysis and management tools for teachers, enabling them to gain insights into students’ learning progress and needs, leading to more preciseTheory and Practice of Science and Technologyteaching and personalized guidance, ultimately enhancing the overall teaching effectiveness and quality.(2) Analyzing the advantages of neural network technology application in the education sectorThe application of neural network technology in education offers various advantages. Firstly, it facilitates personalized learning, tailoring individualized learning plans for each student based on their learning characteristics and progress, thereby meeting their specific learning needs. Secondly, neural network technology enables intelligent guidance, analyzing students’ learning performance and difficulties, and providing them with corresponding learning advice and solutions. Thirdly, it facilitates intelligent assessment, conducting comprehensive and accurate evaluations of students’ learning performance and mastery, offering targeted feedback and improvement measures for both teachers and students. Furthermore, neural network technology can achieve intelligent recommendation, suggesting relevant learning resources and content based on students’ interests and abilities, thereby stimulating students’ learning motivation and engagement. Lastly, the intelligent analysis capabilities of neural network technology help teachers gain a better understanding of students’ learning situations and processes, providing scientific evidence for instructional design and management, and ultimately improving teaching effectiveness and quality.3 Application of Neural Network Technology in the Construction of Intelligent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Teaching Platforms in Universities(1) Personalized teachingUsing neural network technology, personalized learning models can be constructed based on students’ learning habits, abilities, interests, and other factors, providing tailored teaching services to students. For example, by analyzing students’ answer data, students can be categorized, and suitable learning resources can be recommended to them. For hands-on learners, more practical exercises and case analyses can be provided, while for theory-oriented learners, more theoretical knowledge can be offered. This approach better meets students' individual needs and enhances their learning motivation.(2) Intelligent assessmentThrough neural network technology, students' learning outcomes can be intelligently assessed, enabling a better understanding of their learning situation and timely adjustment of teaching strategies. For instance, during exams, neural networks can automatically grade students’ papers, providing quick and accurate scores and error analysis. This not only lightens the workload of teachers but also improves the accuracy and objectivity of assessments. Furthermore, through data analysis of students’ exam scores, trends in their academic performance can be predicted, leading to targeted learning recommendations.(3) Intelligent recommendationUsing neural network technology, students can receive recommendations for suitable courses, majors, and careers based on their learning progress and interests. For example, for students who enjoy programming, relevant learning resources and projects can be recommended to help themVol.4 No.1 2023 further develop their skills. Additionally, by analyzing students’ course selection data, the neural network can suggest courses that are beneficial for their career development.(4) Intelligent interactionLeveraging neural network technology enables intelligent interaction features. Students can interact with the system in real-time through voice, text, images, and other means, facilitating immediate communication and feedback, thus enhancing their learning experience and efficiency. Teachers can also provide real-time learning support and guidance through intelligent interaction. For instance, in programming education, the neural network can analyze students’ code in real-time, offering targeted suggestions and guidance to help students better understand and master the knowledge.4 Construction of Neural Network-based Intelligent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Teaching Platform in Universities(1) Establish data collection systemThe construction of a neural network-based intelligent innovation and entrepreneurship teaching platform in universities requires a substantial amount of data for training and optimization. Therefore, it is essential to establish a comprehensive data collection system. This system can utilize technological means to gather relevant student data, such as learning behavior, academic performance, and social interactions, while ensuring data accuracy and security.(2) Build model training platformThe development of an intelligent innovation and entrepreneurship teaching platform using neural network technology necessitates the construction of a model training platform. Cloud computing technology can be employed to establish a high-performance computing cluster, providing powerful computational support for model training. Additionally, a distributed training framework can be adopted to enable parallel processing of large-scale data. Students can access learning resources, participate in activities, and receive study reminders anytime, anywhere through mobile devices like smartphones and tablets. Moreover, mobile application platforms can facilitate interaction and communication between students and teachers or other students.(3) Formulate intelligent teaching strategiesThe formulation of intelligent teaching strategies is the foundation of constructing an intelligent innovation and entrepreneurship teaching platform in universities. By analyzing students’ learning situations and needs, personalized learning plans and resources that cater to individual students' characteristics can be devised to achieve personalized teaching. Additionally, intelligent assessment and recommendation functionalities can be utilized to provide intelligent teaching services.(4) Establish intelligent teaching environmentThe establishment of an intelligent teaching environment is crucial in the construction of an intelligent innovation and entrepreneurship teaching platform in universities. The creation of facilities such as intelligent classrooms and laboratories can facilitate the development of an intelligent teaching environment. Meanwhile, leveraging intelligent interaction capabilities enables real-timeTheory and Practice of Science and Technologycommunication and feedback between students and the system, enhancing their learning experience and efficiency.(5) Develop intelligent teaching resourcesThe development of intelligent teaching resources is the core of constructing an intelligent innovation and entrepreneurship teaching platform in universities. By developing intelligent textbooks, experimental materials, and other teaching resources, the creation of intelligent teaching resources can be achieved. Additionally, through intelligent recommendation features, students can access learning resources and services that align with their interests and needs.5 Empirical Study(1) Research methods and procedures1) Data CollectionCollect data from the experimental group and the control group. The experimental data comes from students enrolled in an innovation and entrepreneurship course at a certain university, including students’ personal information, learning data, grades, learning behaviors, and teachers’ assessments of students' learning.2) Data preprocessingConduct data cleaning, handle missing values, and perform feature extraction to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the data.3) Model trainingSelect suitable neural network models, such as convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, etc., to analyze and model the data, establishing models for personalized teaching, intelligent assessment, intelligent recommendation, and intelligent interaction.4) Model evaluationDivide the processed data into training, validation, and testing sets, and use methods like cross-validation to evaluate the performance and accuracy of the models. Model parameters are adjusted based on student and course characteristics to improve model performance.(2) Analyzing experimental data and resultsBy comparing the performance of different neural network models, the experimental data and results are analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness and contribution of neural network technology in the construction of the innovation and entrepreneurship teaching platform. The advantages of the intelligent teaching platform are found in the following aspects:1) Personalized teachingThe intelligent teaching platform can provide personalized learning content and teaching strategies based on each student's learning data and interests, thereby increasing students’ learning motivation.Vol.4 No.1 20232) Intelligent assessmentThe intelligent teaching platform can provide accurate assessments and feedback by analyzing students’ learning outcomes and practice data, helping students understand their learning progress and areas for improvement, and making timely adjustments and improvements.3) Intelligent recommendationThe intelligent teaching platform can provide intelligent recommendation services to students based on their learning situation and interests, recommending suitable learning resources and activities to expand students’ knowledge and perspectives, thereby enhancing their learning effectiveness and satisfaction.4) Intelligent interactionBy deploying the trained models to practical application scenarios such as the intelligent teaching platform, intelligent interaction is achieved. The system analyzes users’ questions and historical data, uses the trained models for prediction, and returns the most likely answers. Through continuous interaction and learning, the system can gradually improve the accuracy and efficiency of responses, enhancing users’ overall experience.6 ConclusionThrough measures such as establishing a data collection system and constructing model training platforms, the level of construction and the quality of services of the intelligent innovation and entrepreneurship teaching platform in universities can be effectively improved. Neural network technology also provides new ideas and methods for the construction of intelligent innovation and entrepreneurship teaching platforms in universities: by formulating personalized teaching strategies, building intelligent teaching environments, and developing intelligent teaching resources, the construction and application of intelligent innovation and entrepreneurship teaching platforms in universities can be achieved. In the future, with the continuous development and application of neural network technology, the construction of intelligent innovation and entrepreneurship teaching platforms in universities will become more refined and widespread, providing better intelligent teaching services for more students.About the AuthorTao Zhang (1989-), male, Han nationality, native place: Queshan County, Henan Province, professional title: lecturer, postgraduate degree, research direction: employment and entrepreneurship guidance.References[1] Yingshuai Dong. Jiaxuan Qu. Innovative strategies for talent cultivation in universities under the background ofartificial intelligence [J] Industrial Innovation Research, 2022, (18): 193-95.[2] Gengjun Han. Research on the Dual Transformation of the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Ecosystem inUniversities under the Empowerment of Artificial Intelligence [J] Technology and Innovation, 2022, (18): 136-38.[3] Jixin He. Huanjun Yao. Gengjun Han. Innovation in the management path of innovation and entrepreneurship servicesin universities in the context of intelligence: from empowerment to empowerment [J] Innovation, 2022, 16 (03): 95-107.[4] Weinan Zheng. Platform-based teaching system construction and teaching model reform for Innovation and EntrepreTheory and Practice of Science and Technologyneurship education [J]. Cultural and Educational Materials, 2021 (23) : 191-94.[5] Qiang Wang.Discussion on the construction of “Innovation and Entrepreneurship” platform based on Co-construction of school and enterprise [J]. Qinghai Transportation Science and Technology,2021,33(04):46-48.。

Comprehensive Table of Contents of Vol. 15

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常用溶剂的沸点、溶解性和毒性

jhhhhhhh常用溶剂的沸点、溶解性和毒性有机合成的16本教科书中国化学化工论坛Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part B, 4th ed. (Carey/Sundberg; Plenum, 2001) - readable summary, great leading refs.Advanced Organic Chemistry, 5th ed. (Smith/March; Wiley, 2001) - summary/encyclopedia of reactions, >2000 refs. Art in Organic Synthesis, 2nd ed. (Anand/Bitra/Randanathan; Wiley, 1988) - discussions of classic synthesesClassic in Total Synthesis (Nicolaou/Sorenson; VCH, 1996) - insightful, expert discussion of great total syntheses Compendium of Organic Synthetic Methods(var. Eds.; Wiley) - 10 vol. set with easy tabular indices. Comprehensive Organic Transformations(Larock) - index is an acquired skill, but leading refereces are very numerousConcepts of Organic Synthesis - Carbocyclic Chemistry (Mundy; Dekker, 1979) - dated, but a very nice overview Evolution of Synthetic Pathways - Parallax and Calibration(Ho; World Sci., 1996) - analysis of total syntheses; chapters are Chemoselectivity Problems, Stereochemical Problems, and Regiochemical Problems. Assumes much synthesis knowledge.The Logic of Chemical Synthesis (Corey/Cheng) - great discussion of strategy by one of the true mastersName Reactions and Reagents in Organic Synthesis (Mundy/Ellerd; Wiley, 1988) - nice discussions with examples The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis (var. Eds.; Wiley) - six vol. set; some very useful transformationsOrganic Synthesis - The Disconnection Approach(Warren; Wiley, 1982) - a little old, but excellent for learning retrosynthetic analysisProtective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd Ed. (Greene/Wuts; Wiley, 1999) - the best compilation around Strategies for Organic Drug Synthesis and Design (Lednicer; Wiley, 1998) - arranged by compound typeTactics of Organic Synthesis(Ho; Wiley, 1994) - excellent discussion of reaction types and their utility; upper level The Total Synthesis of Natural Products (J. ApSimon, Ed.) - 11vol. set; each vol. has 1-4 chapters on N.P. families [Tables of Contents]-。

Online recognition of chinese characters the state-of-the-art

Online Recognition of Chinese Characters:The State-of-the-ArtCheng-Lin Liu,Member,IEEE,Stefan Jaeger,and Masaki Nakagawa,Member,IEEE Computer Society Abstract—Online handwriting recognition is gaining renewed interest owing to the increase of pen computing applications and new pen input devices.The recognition of Chinese characters is different from western handwriting recognition and poses a specialchallenge.To provide an overview of the technical status and inspire future research,this paper reviews the advances in onlineChinese character recognition(OLCCR),with emphasis on the research works from pared to the research in the1980s,the research efforts in the1990s aimed to further relax the constraints of handwriting,namely,the adherence to standard stroke orders and stroke numbers and the restriction of recognition to isolated characters only.The target of recognition has shifted fromregular script to fluent script in order to better meet the requirements of practical applications.The research works are reviewed interms of pattern representation,character classification,learning/adaptation,and contextual processing.We compare importantresults and discuss possible directions of future research.Index Terms—Online Chinese character recognition,state-of-the-art,pattern representation,character classification,model learning, contextual processing,performance evaluation.æ1I NTRODUCTIONI N online character recognition,the trajectories of pen tip movements are recorded and analyzed to identify the linguistic information expressed.Owing to the availability of both temporal stroke information and spatial shape information,online character recognition is able to yield higher accuracy than offline recognition.Online recognition also provides good interaction and adaptation capability because the writer can respond to the recognition result to correct the error or change the writing style.In recent years,new types of pen input devices and interfaces have been developed to improve the precision of trajectory capturing and the comfort of writing.Devices are available for writing on ordinary paper and wireless transmission of handwriting,for example.Powerful soft-ware is available now for analyzing and retrieving hand-written documents.This development stimulates new applications of handwriting recognition and has resulted in a renewed interest in research[114].The applications of online recognition include text entry for form filling and message composition,personal digital assistants(PDA), computer-aided education[90],handwritten document retrieval[77],[107],etc.For handheld devices,pen input is competitive to speech input because it is insensitive to environmental noise,which is an important advantage for many applications.For desktop applications,online recog-nition is well-suited to text entry for large alphabets(like Oriental languages).A common feature of these applica-tions is that they require high recognition accuracy.The research of online character recognition started in the1960s and has been receiving intensive interest from the 1980s.The comprehensive survey of Tappert et al.reviewed the status of research and applications before1990[120]and early works of online Japanese character recognition have been reviewed in[85],[132].A recent comprehensive survey of handwriting recognition,by Plamondon and Srihari,mainly concerns western handwriting[102].Our paper contributes a survey to online Chinese character recognition(OLCCR)since this recognition problem is very different from western handwriting recognition and it posesa special challenge.1.1Related ProblemsPen computing applications closely related to handwriting recognition are mathematical formula recognition[5],[148] and diagram recognition[3],where both the character classes(mostly Latin characters)and the layout are recognized.Another application is signature verification that checks whether a handwritten signature is generated by a specific writer or not.It does not necessarily identify the symbolic classes of a signature’s constituent characters though.Signature verification has been reviewed in[61], [102]and recent works are reported in[44],[57].A form of handwritten document retrieval,the so-called ink matching, does not identify the character classes either[78].Hand-written sketch recognition is based mostly on noncharacter data and typically ignores linguistic information[82],[109]. We do not cover these problems further because they are not relevant to the methodology of OLCCR.1.2Characteristics of Chinese CharactersChinese characters are used in daily communications by over one quarter of world’s population,mainly in Asia. There are mainly three character sets:traditional Chinese characters,simplified Chinese characters,and Japanese. C.-L.Liu is with the Central Research Laboratory,Hitachi,Ltd.,1-280Higashi-koigakubo,Kokubunji-shi,Tokyo185-8601,Japan.E-mail:liucl@crl.hitachi.co.jp..S.Jaeger and M.Nakagawa are with the Department of Computer Science,Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology,2-24-16Naka-cho,Koganei-shi,Tokyo184-8588,Japan.E-mail:stefan@hands.ei.tuat.ac.jp,nakagawa@cc.tuat.ac.jp.Manuscript received27Sept.2002;revised19May2003;accepted11Aug.2003.Recommended for acceptance by K.Yamamoto.For information on obtaining reprints of this article,please send e-mail to:tpami@,and reference IEEECS Log Number117468.0162-8828/04/$20.00ß2004IEEE Published by the IEEE Computer SocietyKanji.Japanese Kanji characters have mostly identical shape to the corresponding traditional Chinese or simplified Chinese.For some Kanji characters,nevertheless,the shape is slightly different from both the traditional and simplified Chinese.Fig.1shows some examples of the three character sets.We can see that,among the14characters,four havedifferent shapes(the last character only varies slightly, while the fourth one is treated identically in three sets).In the mainland of China,two character sets,containing 3,755characters and6,763characters,respectively,were announced as the National Standard GB2312-80(the first set is a subset of the second one)[116].In Taiwan,5,401traditional characters are included in a standard set.In both traditional and simplified Chinese,about5,000characters are frequently used.In Japan,2,965Kanji characters are included in the JIS level-1standard and3,390Kanji characters are in the level-2standard(the two sets are disjoint).A Chinese character is an ideograph and is composed of mostly straight lines or“poly-line”strokes.Many characters contain relatively independent substructures,called radi-cals,and some common radicals are shared by different characters.This property can be utilized in recognition to largely reduce the size of reference model database and speed up recognition.Chinese handwritten scripts are classified into three typical styles:regular script,fluent script,and cursive script. The intermediate styles are called fluent-regular script and fluent-cursive script,respectively.Some examples of the three typical styles are shown in Fig.2.We can see that,in regular script,strokes are mostly straight-line segments.The fluent script has many curved strokes and,frequently, successive strokes are connected.In cursive script,some character shapes totally differ from the standard shape,so it is difficult to recognize them,even for humans.1.3The State-of-the-ArtSince the1990s,the research efforts of OLCCR have been aiming at the relaxation of constraints imposed on writers to ensure successful recognition,namely,the isolation of characters and the compliance with standard shapes.For Chinese characters,the main problem in online recognition is to overcome the stroke-order and stroke-number varia-bility.The target of OLCCR in the1990s has shifted from regular script to fluent script,which features greater variability of stroke-order and stroke-number and occurs frequently in practical writing.In the literature of character recognition,the regular style is also referred to as block style or hand-printed style,while the fluent style is often called“cursive”style.The current systems can recognize regular script with high accuracy,whereas the recognition of fluent style still remains unsolved and requires more intensive research efforts.The fluent script or fluent-regular script is the target of most recognition systems because people naturally write this way.The methods of OLCCR can be roughly divided into two categories:structural methods and statistical methods. Structuralmethodsarebasedonstrokeanalysis.Thecharacter models of structural methods can be further divided into stroke-order dependent models and stroke-order free ones. Statistical methods mainly utilize the holistic shape informa-tion,so it is easier to achieve stroke-order independence.From an application’s point of view,a recognition method can be writer-dependent or writer-independent.Writer-indepen-dent recognition is more challenging due to the diversity of writing styles.On the other hand,writer-dependent recogni-tion allows stable recognition of cursive script due to the relative stability of personal writing styles.1.4Contents of the PaperThis survey will emphasize the research efforts from the 1990s.On comparing the performance of state-of-the-art methods,discussing their insufficiencies,we will suggest future research directions.The rest of this paper is organized as follows:Section2gives the overview of a typical OLCCR system and Section3briefly reviews preprocessing. Sections4,5,and6address the main tasks of character recognition,namely,pattern representation,classification (including coarse classification and fine classification),and reference model learning/adaptation,respectively.Though in an OLCCR system,the schemes of classification and learning largely depend on that of representation,a scheme in a task can still connect with multiple schemes in another task. Hence,we address the three tasks in separate sections and try to thread the connected schemes in different tasks.Section7 addresses the contextual processing of character segmenta-tion and recognition.Section8compares the performance of representative methods and Section9discusses the future research directions.2O VERVIEW OF A T YPICAL OLCCR S YSTEMA practical OLCCR system is depicted diagrammatically in Fig.3.The input to the system is a sequence of handwritten character patterns.First,the handwriting sequence is segmented into character patterns according to the temporal and shape information.Often,the boundary between characters cannot be determined unambiguously before character recognition,so candidate character patterns are generated and recognized and the correct patterns are selected in contextual processing at the end of the process chain.The recognition of segmented(candidate)patterns involves the following steps:preprocessing,description,andFig. 1.Examples of traditional Chinese,simplified Chinese,andJapanese Kanji.Fig.2.Chinese writing styles:regular,fluent,and cursive.classification.Classification is often decomposed into coarse classification and fine classification.Pattern description is also referred to as feature extraction,which represents the input pattern either statistically by feature vectors or structurally by various levels of primitives.The model database(also called reference database or recognition dictionary)contains the reference models or classification parameters for coarse classification and fine classification.To speed up the recognition of the large category set,a fast coarse classification procedure is commonly used to first select a small subset of candidate classes to which the input pattern is expected to belong to.Then,the input pattern is classified into one of these candidate classes in the fine classification stage.This two-stage recognition strategy has been widely adopted by now,though tree classification and multistage classification can further speed up the recognition.In contextual processing,linguistic knowledge and geometric features are used to verify the segmentation and classification results.The performance of character recognition relies largely on the quality of the model database.This database is built from heuristic knowledge, manually selected character prototypes,or from multiple sample patterns.For writer-dependent recognition,the models or parameters can adapt to the writer’s style to improve the recognition performance.3P REPROCESSINGThe preprocessing of the trajectory of input pattern directly facilitates pattern description and affects the quality of description.The preprocessing tasks of online character patterns include noise elimination,data reduction,and shape normalization.The noise in character trajectories is due to erratic hand motions and the inaccuracy of digitization.The noise reduction techniques used in most systems are basically those explained in[120]:smoothing,filtering,wild point correction,stroke connection,etc.As the quality of input devices steadily advances,trajectory noise becomes less influential and simple smoothing operations will suffice.Data reduction can be accomplished by two approaches: equidistance sampling and line approximation(feature point detection).With equidistance sampling,the trajectory points are resampled such that the distance between adjacent points is approximately equal.The data amount of equidistance point representation is still appreciable.A higher data reduction rate can be achieved by detecting the corner points of trajectories.The corner points and the ends of a stroke trajectory are often called feature points.Corner detection from digitized curves has been widely addressed in the shape recognition literature.The basic idea is to estimate the curvature at each point on the curve and retain the points of high curvature[105].An alternative is polygonal approximation,which recursively finds the vertex of maximum point-to-chord distance[104].Corner detection and polygonal approximation are complementary and can be combined to achieve better performance[138]. Line approximation of strokes has been used in many online recognition systems(e.g.,[38],[55],[63],[145],[146]).Normalization of character trajectories to a standard size is adopted in almost every character recognition system. Conventionally,the coordinates of stroke points are shifted and scaled such that all points are enclosed in a standard box(this is called linear normalization).Alternatively,by moment normalization[4],the centroid of input pattern is shifted to the center of standard box and the second-order moments are scaled to a standard value.To alleviate the shape deformation of handwritten Chinese characters,nonlinear normalization was proposed in the 1980s and was proven efficient to improve the accuracy of offline character recognition.It was later successfully applied to online character recognition as well[28],[45],[88],[99], [100].Nonlinear normalization reassigns the coordinates of stroke points according to the line density distribution with the aim of equalizing the stroke spacing[62],[127],[141].For comparing the effects of normalization,Fig.4shows two character patterns and the results of linear,moment,and nonlinear normalization.It was shown that moment normal-ization can yield comparable recognition accuracy to non-linear normalization[70].For online patterns,the line density can be computed directly from the online trajectory[45],[88], instead of the2D image.4P ATTERN R EPRESENTATIONThe representation schemes of input pattern and model database are of particular importance since the classification method depends largely on them.We divide the schemes into three groups:statistical,structural,and hybrid statistical-structural.In statistical representation,the input pattern is described by a feature vector,while the model database(also called parameter database in this case)contains the classifica-tion parameters.The structural representation scheme hasFig.3.Diagram of a practical OLCCRsystem.Fig.4.Examples of linear normalization,moment normalization,andnonlinear normalization.long been dominating the OLCCR technology,whereas the statistical scheme and the hybrid scheme are receiving increasing attention in recent years.The statistical-structural scheme is only used for describing the reference models.It takes the same structure as the traditional structural representation,yet the structure elements(primitives)and/ or relationships are measured probabilistically.Hidden Markov Models(HMMs)can be regarded as instances of the statistical-structural representation.The structural representation schemes can be further partitioned into five levels:sampling points,feature points or line segments,stroke codes or HMMs,relational,and hierarchical.Fig.5shows the hierarchy of five levels.For describing the input pattern or the model database,the primitives of higher-level structure are composed of the lower-level primitives, e.g.,a stroke is recorded by the constituent line segments or sampling points,while the relational structure takes strokes as primitives.We treat HMMs on the same level as stroke code representation because HMMs are frequently used to model strokes or substrokes,while a sequence of HMMs represent a radical or a character.The feature point representation is equivalent to the line segment representation because every pair of succeeding feature points gives a line segment.In stroke code representa-tion,the types of strokes in input pattern or reference models are specified and the reference model is represented as a sequence of strokes.The relational structure represents a character model or a radical model wherein the relationship between strokes is specified.In the hierarchical representa-tion of model database(also called structured representa-tion),a number of radical models are shared to construct the character models of all categories.On the other hand,the hierarchical structure of input pattern is a relational structure with radicals as primitives.The structured representation of model database is very storage efficient,while the sampling points representation is data intensive.An OLCCR system can use different representation schemes for the input pattern and the model database, respectively.In the case of structural or statistical-structural representation,the model database is usually described at higher level than the input pattern.In recognition,for example,the input pattern is represented in point sequence or line segments,then strokes and relational structure are extracted by matching the point sequence or line segments with the higher-level primitives of reference models.In the following,we review the detailed schemes of structural representation,statistical-structural representa-tion,and statistical representation,respectively.4.1Structural RepresentationWe review the structural representation schemes in the order of the levels as shown in Fig.5.4.1.1Point and Line Segment RepresentationA representation with resampled points can cope well with curved strokes,though it results in large size of model database.If both the input pattern and the character prototype in the model database are represented as point sequences,they can be matched based on stroke correspon-dence in which the between-stroke distance is computed by aligning the points[132],[133],[134].The feature point or line segment representation is widely adopted nowadays.It is especially suited to regular-style characters,which are composed of mostly straight-line segments.Input patterns represented as feature point sequences can be matched with character models represented as feature point sequences[13],[55], [86],higher-level primitives(such as stroke codes)[20],or hierarchical structures[60].Analogously,input patterns represented as line segments can be matched with character models represented as line segments[18],[35],[124]or higher-level structures[16],[139].4.1.2Stroke Code RepresentationStroke code representation schemes have been adopted from the early stages of OLCCR research(e.g.,[145],[146]). The strokes in regular script can be categorized into classes according to the constituent line segment sequence and each class is assigned a code or index number[63],[65]. Each stroke code has a corresponding reference model/ prototype or a set of rules.A character model is then represented as a sequence of stroke codes or a relational structure with stroke codes as primitives[14],[65].When using stroke code-based models in recognition,the stroke codes of input pattern are determined in matching with character/stroke models.In[74],[106],the input pattern is initially represented as line segments and strokes are detected using finite state automaton.The stroke code representation of[47]is unique in that a connected stroke(a piece of trajectory containing one or multiple normal strokes)is represented as a single feature vector and stroke prototypes are designed by clustering sample patterns.However,because it does not rely on stroke decomposition,this scheme does not generalize to novel stroke shapes not contained in the learning samples.4.1.3Relational RepresentationFor stroke-order-free recognition,the primitives(strokes or line segments)of a character and the relationship between them are often represented by means of a relational structure, such as an Attributed Relational Graph(ARG).In an ARG,the nodes denote primitives and the arcs denote the relationships between nodes.If the attributes of nodes and/or arcs are represented with fuzzy sets,the graph is called fuzzy ARG (FARG)[6].Fig.6shows an example of ARG.Two problems arise in ARG matching of characters.First, the primitives and relation codes of the reference models must be carefully designed to tolerate the shape variation ofFig.5.Hierarchy of structural representation schemes.input ing fuzzy attributes or multiattribute relation codes can alleviate this problem[7],[10],[71]. Second,the description of input patterns in ARGs is not straightforward because it is often difficult to reliably extractthe primitives and their relationships prior to ARG matching. To solve this problem,the input pattern is represented in lower-level primitives(usually line segments),which are grouped into higher-level primitives by matching them with reference ARGs[149].Because a stroke may contain multiple line segments,using line segments instead of strokes as the primitives of ARGs can facilitate the extraction of primitives from input pattern[72],[73].4.1.4Structured RepresentationDue to the hierarchical nature of Chinese characters,a character pattern can be described in a tree structure,with the character itself at the top level and the radicals and strokes as low-level primitives.In a structured representation of reference models,the radical models or stroke models are shared by different characters such that a character model is constructed dynamically using the constituent radicals and strokes.This strategy can largely save the storage space of model database,considering the fact that hundreds of distinct radicals are shared by thousands of characters[87].The character models with shared radical models can be organized in a lookup table[8],[9],[38],[146],a tree structure[11],[75],[76],or a network[47].Fig.7shows an example of network representation of model database.Via stroke and radical extraction from the input pattern,the character model fitting the input pattern can be retrieved by traversing the tree or network.The structured representa-tion approach can vary in the representation scheme of radicals:line segments[75],[76],connected stroke codes [47],and hierarchies of substroke HMMs[91].4.2Statistical-Structural ModelsIn a statistical-structural representation scheme,a character model is described in a string,tree,or graph structure,with the primitives and/or relationships measured probabilisti-cally to better model the shape variations of input patterns. In principle,any structural model can be described probabilistically by replacing the attributes of primitives and/or relationships with probability density functions (PDFs).The mean and variance of stroke and relationship attributes in[76]are connected to PDF representations. Gaussian PDFs have been used for describing the distribu-tions of feature points[20]and stroke attributes[150].This direction has not been explored adequately yet.The Hidden Markov Model(HMM)is a directed graph with nodes and between-node transitions measured probabilistically.HMMs have been used in speech recognition since the1970s[103]and have been applied to western character recognition since the1980s.Only in recent years have HMMs been applied to Chinese characters.Generally,left-right HMMs are used to model the sequences of points or line segments for substrokes [91],[92],[121],strokes,radicals[48],or whole characters [117],[143].Since the character-based HMM is stroke-order dependent,multiple models are often generated for the characters with stroke-order variations or large shape variations[117],[143].Using stroke-based or substroke-based HMMs,the character models can be constructed hierarchically and the stroke-order variations can be represented in a variation network[93].A constrained ergodic HMM,named path controlled HMM(PCHMM),was proposed to overcome the stroke-order variation of online characters[150].The successor attribute matrix(SAM)of[58]is similar to ergodic HMMs since it estimates the transition probabilities between strokes.4.3Statistical RepresentationIn the statistical recognition approach,we are mainly concerned with the representation of input patterns (basically in feature vectors).The model database contains the classification parameters,which can be estimated by standard statistical techniques[22],[25].We will review the statistical classification techniques in Section5.The feature vector representation of character patterns enables stroke-order and stroke-number free recognition by, for example,mapping the pattern trajectory into a2D image and extracting so-called offline features[28].In this context, various feature extraction techniques in offline character recognition[32],[128]can be applied to online recognition as well.The so-called direction feature[144],which is widely used in offline character recognition[50],[51],is being used in online recognition[28],[45],[88].In offline recognition,the skeleton or contour pixels of the character image are classified into either four(horizontal,vertical,diagonal,and antidia-gonal)or eight directions and stored in respective directional planes.Each directional plane is compressed by grid partitioning or blurring(spatial filtering and sampling)[67]. In[41],we named the resulting features“histogram features,”which is motivated by the fact that they describe the number of occurrences for each direction.For online recognition, directional features can be extracted directly from the onlineFig.6.An example of ARG representation(left:character,right:ARG). The relation codes“X,”“T,”“L,”and“P”stand for intersection,end-to-line adjacency,end-to-end adjacency,and positional relation,respectively.work representation of characters with shared radical models.Every path corresponds to a character as shown in the rightmost column.trajectory[45].A“direction-change”feature characterizing the temporal information was proposed to enhance the recognition performance of direction feature[99],[100].5C HARACTER C LASSIFICATIONIn this section,we first review the coarse classification techniques.For fine classification,we categorize the techniques into three groups:structural matching,prob-abilistic matching,and statistical classification.5.1Coarse ClassificationCoarse classification can be accomplished by class set partitioning or dynamic candidate selection.In class set partitioning,the character classes are divided into disjoint or overlapping groups.The input pattern is first assigned to a group or multiple groups and then,in fine classification,the input pattern is compared in detail with the classes in the group(s).In dynamic candidate selection,a matching score (similarity)is computed between the input pattern and each class and a subset of classes with high scores is selected for detailed classification.The average number of candidates can be significantly reduced without loss of precision via selecting avariablenumberofcandidatesbyconfidenceevaluation[68].For coarse classification based on class set partitioning,the groups of classes are determined in the classifier design stage using clustering or prior knowledge.Class grouping can be based on overall character structure[66],basic stroke substructure[12],stroke sequence[14],and statistical or neural classification[79].Partitioning into overlapping groups can reduce the risk of excluding the true class of input pattern.Dynamic candidate selection avoids the training process of class set partitioning.The character classes are ordered according to a matching score based on simple structural features or statistical features.For instance,the number of strokes or line segments of the input pattern can be used to filter out the unlikely classes[7],[65],[132],[133].For efficient filtering,the bounds of stroke number depend on the character class and writing quality[29].As to other features,the matching score is computed by string match-ing[124],peripheral feature matching[19],voting of structural features[126],or feature vector matching[28], [81],[88],[94],[99],[139].The matching score of coarse classification can also be combined with that of fine classification to improve the final accuracy[119],[139].In coarse classification by feature vector matching,the distance measure,such as city block distance and Euclidean distance,can be computed very efficiently and the efficiency can be further improved by dimensionality reduction and combining class-specific features[81].In structural matching, candidate classes can also be selected via radical detection [16],[60],[76].A detected radical excludes all the classes not containing the radical from fine classification.The radical detection approach is tightly connected to structural match-ing and will be addressed later.5.2Structural MatchingIn fine classification by structural matching,the input pattern is matched with the structural model of each(candidate)class and the class with the minimum matching distance is taken as the recognition result.We divide the structural matching methods into four categories:DP(dynamic programming)matching,stroke correspondence,relational matching,and knowledge-based matching.DP matching works on ordered sequences and,hence,is stroke-order dependent.Stroke correspondence is different from relational matching in that it does not consider the interstroke relationship.Connected to these approaches,some general strategies are:hierarchical matching and deformation methods.Hierarchical matching can improve the speed of structur-al recognition.When stroke codes or radical models are shared by different characters,the classification can be performed by a decision tree[11]or a network[47].When the strokes or radicals of input pattern have been identified,the character recognition is reduced to traversing a path in the tree/network.However,the accuracy of classification is limited by the identification of strokes or radicals in the input pattern,which is not a trivial task.Therefore,instead of deterministic traversals,measuring the likelihood of paths and search with backtrack is helpful to improve the recognition performance.Deformation techniques are useful to improve the matching similarity by deforming the character prototype or the input pattern.Based on the stroke correspondence, the deformation vector field(DVF)between the input pattern and the prototype can be computed and the prototype is iteratively deformed by local affine transforma-tion(LAT)to fit the input pattern[131].A noniterative stroke-based affine transformation(SAT)decomposes the DVF of each stroke incorporating the relationship between successive strokes[134].In another work,a so-called parabola transformation was proposed to deform the character prototype based on attributed string matching of feature point sequences[13].5.2.1DP MatchingDP matching finds the ordered correspondence between the symbols(primitives)of two strings with the aim of minimizing the edit(Levinstein)distance.The DP matching of point sequences is also referred to as dynamic time warping(DTW).Attributed string matching refers to the matching of sequences of attributed primitives.In online character recognition,feature points or line segments are often taken as the primitives of sequence representation [55],[88],[124].The search space of DP matching is represented in a rectangular grid with two diagonal corners denoting empty matching(start)and complete matching(goal),respectively. In a path from start to goal,the transition between neighbor-ing grid points corresponds to symbol deletion,insertion,or substitution.A generalization of attributed string matching can merge multiple primitives in one string to match with one primitive in another string[123].By imposing constraints onto potential grid transitions,the search speed can be largely improved with little loss of accuracy(e.g.,[86],[88]).DP matching is a mature technique,but the performance of recognition depends strongly on the selection of primitives and the definition of the between-primitive distance measure.For dealing with stroke-order variations,a character class needs multiple prototypes.5.2.2Stroke CorrespondenceBased on the stroke correspondence between the input pattern and a character prototype,the character matching distance is computed as the sum of between-stroke。

Enter Coff-e-mail. The Coff-e-mail project sets out to bring internet notification and web-based monitoring of the coffee machine in the lounge of the Computer Science Department. Coff-e-mail is an embedded system which will be non-intrusively retro-fitted to work with the current coffee machine in the Computer Science Department lounge (it will be designed to interface with any coffee machine). It includes sensors to detect when coffee brewing starts and the amount of coffee left in the machine (coffee level), along with a camera to take pictures when people fill their coffee mugs with fresh coffee. Coff-e-mail delivers a full-blown web server which can be accessed off the local intranet, which displays coffee statistics (pots of coffee brewed per day, last brew time, cups of coffee per brew, etc.) and pictures of people filling their coffee mugs. Client software will be available to poll Coff-e-mail and notify the user that a fresh pot of coffee is brewing or that coffee is running out and a fresh pot should be brewed.

《沈阳化工大学学报》2020年总目次

沈阳化工大学学报JOURNAL OF SHENYANG UNIVERSITY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY第34卷第4期2020.12Vol. 34 No. 4Dec. 20202020年总目次-化学与化学工程-CUO-WO 3纳米立方块的合成及气体传感特性研究司建朋，王明月，孟高耐碱表面活性剂的开发及在工业清洗中的应用张冬喜，李新钰，石磊,王Co/g - C 3N 4- CHIT/GCE 修饰电极的制备及其对H 2PO 4-的测定陈异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯的合成及性能研究十六烷值改进剂的制备与性能研究离子液体分离乙酸甲酯-甲醇共沸物系的模拟研究离子液体-环己烷(乙醇)二元体系气液相平衡研究萃取精馏分离苯-甲醇共沸体系的模拟碳纳米管对 C u O - ZnO - Ga 2 O 3/HZSM - 5催化剂性能的影响低品位菱镁矿浮选剂实验研究均三乙苯的合成研究甲基丙烯酸混合醇酯-苯乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯三元聚合物的合成与降凝性能研究车用水蜡的研究新型银制品洗涤剂的研制间氨基乙酰苯胺的合成及分离研究岩,思,李文秀,王英文,丹,刘冬雨，赵嘉，李玉娇，江寒峰1 (1)张志刚，郭禹含，李晓茜，许光文2 (97)刘坤，于丹舟，杨旺，姚慧2 (107)-魏田，张芮，王瑞灵，陈永杰 2 (115)宋明龙，龙小柱 2 (120)李继鹏，张羽，张志刚，张弢3 (193)-李宏辉，李文秀，张志刚，张弢3(198)-尹海鹰，李文秀，张志刚，张弢3 (205)王开，于欣瑞，刘楠，张雅静3 (210)康坤红，龙小柱3 (216)-马婉莹，张风雨，丁茯，王东平 4 (289)-徐妍，龙小柱，靳璐璐，于海洋4 (295)-高鹏飞，龙小柱，靳璐璐，高碌4 (301)-卢羲亚，于媛，韩英男，龙小柱 4 (306)-王瑞灵，陈永杰，曹爽，张芮4 (310)高效液相色谱法同时测定邻位香兰素、香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素贾璇,王国胜4 (314)Pd/N 3 - SiO 2催化剂制备及其催化乙烘气相加氢性能研究王梦娇，王康军，李东楠4(319)2沈阳化工大学学报2020年-生物与环境工程-积雪草酸A环衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性研究.........................李孝孝，佟贺,熊果酸衍生物的合成及体外抗肿瘤活性研究.......................................徐川东,N-金刚烷基-N，-芳杂基二酰肼类化合物的合成..............刘丹，关月月，张淑曼,齐墩果酸A环衍生物的合成与体外抗肿瘤活性研究...............................王强,模板剂对MnO”催化剂微观形貌的调控及其催化氧化甲苯性能.......................................项文杰，刘威，赵恒,齐墩果酸衍生物的合成及其与MEK靶点分子对接研究.............................张蓬勃,齐墩果酸硫脲类衍生物的合成及以VEGFR-2为靶点的分子对接研究........................................................李杰,2-(漠甲基)-3-取代丙烯酸酯的合成及生物活性研究.............................廖桥,WBS-RBS和AHP的方法在化工园区安全容量评价的应用.........................孟宇强,-材料科学与工程-以三(二乙胺基)环硼氮烷为前驱体制备六方氮化硼李宗鹏,王长松,石墨烯/二氧化锰复合材料的制备及其电化学性能的研究李静梅,不同分散剂对天然橡胶性能的影响孟唯，刘浩,武文斌,张舒雅,肉豆蔻酸/棕榈醇共晶物作为相变材料的热性能研究李蛟龙,任子真,Ni2P/Cu3P复合纳米材料的制备、表征及电催化性能研究鲍彤,祁佳音,赵国庆,g-C3N4/CeVO4/Ag纳米复合材料的制备及光催化性能的研究钱坤，邱永堃,高雨,丁茯,孙亚光,两相闭式热虹吸管的强化传热新能源集成厨用加热系统结构形式对挡板岀口截面流体力学性能的影响多孔板旋流静态混合器强化传热性能分析基于声发射技术的减速顶故障诊断三聚磷酸钠对镁合金阳极氧化膜性能的影响•机械工程•蔡长庸,'战洪仁，史胜，张倩倩，惠尧,惠尧,陈彤，翟雪发，战洪仁,张海春，周圆圆，龚斌,吴剑华,龚斌，刘海良，王巍，周圆圆,金志浩，迟展，孟艳秋1(9)孟艳秋1(18)王然1(22)孟艳秋2(125)张学军3(222)宋艳玲3(230)宋艳玲4(324)杨桂秋4(330)宫博4(334)梁兵1(25)张辉1(31)王重2(130)李贵强3(236)郭卓4(338)徐振和4(345)王立鹏1(41)曾祥福1(47)张静2(135)张静2(142)于宝刚2(147)付广艳，姜天琪，钱神华2(153)第4期《沈阳化工大学学报》2020年总目次3稳流器结构对消防直流水枪水力学性能的影响风载荷作用下倾斜塔板压降的数值模拟...... Mg-xZn合金的制备及腐蚀性能研究..........带有内螺纹的重力热管仿真模拟研究........带有开槽中性捏合块和反向螺纹双螺杆挤岀机的三维流场分析.........................张静，陈生国，张平，张丽,张平，王豪,付广艳，钱神华，许文兰，战洪仁，张倩倩，史胜，王立鹏，郭树国，于淼，王丽艳，汤霖森,陈科昊,网格类型对管内旋流特性数值计算的影响•信息与计算机工程-BP神经网络算法在“摇头”避障小车中的应用.....................................任帅男,基于GPRS DTU远程通讯技术在油气集输管线上的应用..................赵思渊，何戡,基于通信节点的WSN自主聚类非均匀分簇路由协议......................刘一珏，王军,基于冗余节点间歇性的WSN路由协议的设计..................马德朋，王军，田鹍,基于Python爬虫的电影数据可视化分析.................................高巍，孙盼盼,基于STM32的CAN总线数据采集卡设计..........................................李蛟龙,基于物联网的雾化降尘效果优化研究...................................安然然，路晨贺,基于SPA-SVDD方法对间歇过程的故障检测...........................谢彦红，薛志强,基于Labview的三容水箱液位控制系统设计.............................李凌，曹纪中，基于数据分片的WSN安全数据融合方案优化..................王军，陈羽，田鹍,基于加权优化树的WSN分簇路由算法............................................刘一珏,筛分车间矿料仓除尘优化策略.................................安然然，路晨贺，高文文,多路光功率监测系统的设计......................................................高淑芝,餐饮业液化气罐物联网智能管理系统...................................汪滢，于洋,布袋除尘器耗损件生命周期监控策略...........................路晨贺，安然然，孙晓鑫,仿海底洋流实验中水流动状况智能监控系统..........王金亮，安然然，路晨贺，孙晓鑫,基于潜隐变量自相关性子空间划分的故障检测策略......................张成，郭青秀,无混载校车路线分析模型优化实现方法.................................高巍，陈泽颖,-数理科学•非定常对流占优扩散方程的龙格库塔伽辽金有限元方法.............................冯立伟,龚斌3(239)秦然3(245)姜天琪3(250)惠尧4(352)韩彦林4(358)王宗勇4(363)王庆辉1(51)宗学军1(56)田鹍1(60)徐万一1(67)李大舟1(73)任子真1(79)张蔓蔓1(85)李元2(158)王璐2(165)赵子君2(171)王军2(178)张蔓蔓2(187)徐林涛3(255)张延华3(261)张语仙3(268)张语仙3(275)李元4(369)李大舟4(377)席伟1(91)外磁场下的双层类石墨烯系统的元激发能谱赵宇星，成泰民3(282)4沈阳化工大学学报2020年Comprehensive Table of Contents2020・Chemistry and Chemical Engineering・Synthesis and Gas Sensing Properties of CuO-WO3Nanocubes SI Jian-peng,et al1(i) Development of High Alkali-Resistant Surfactant and ItsApplication in Industrial Cleaning ZHANG Dong-xi,et al2(97) Preparation of Co/g-C；N4-CHIT/GCE Modified Electrode andDetermination of Dihydrogen Phosphate CHEN Si,et al2(i07) Study on the Synthesis and Properties of the Phosphate Ester ofIso-Tridecanol Polyoxyethylene WEI Tian,et al2(115) Preparation and Properties of Cetane Number Improver SONG Ming-long,et al2(120) Simulation Study on Separation of Methyl Acetate-MethanolAzeotrope System by Ionic Liquid LI Wen-xiu,et al3(193) Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Ionic Liquids with Cyclohexane orEthanol Binary System LI Hong-hui,et al3(198) Simulation of Azeotrope Separation of Benzene-Methanol byExtractive Distillation YIN Hai-ying,et al3(205) Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on the Performance ofCuO-ZnO-Ga2O3/HZSM-5Catalysts WANG Ying-wen,et al3(210) Experimental Study on Flotation Agentfor the Low Grade Magnesite KANG Kun-hong,et al3(216) The Synthesis of1,3,5-Triethylbenzene MA Wan-ying,et al4(289) Study on Synthesis and Pour Point Depressing Performance of Methyl AcrylicAcid Mixed Alcohol Ester-Styrene-Vinyl Acetate Terpolymer XU Yan,et al4(295) Study on Vehicle Water Wax GAO Peng-fei,et al4(301) Development of New Detergent for Silver Products LU Xi-ya,et al4(306) Synthesis and Separation of m-Acetamidoaniline WANG Rui-ling,et al4(310) Simultaneous Determination of o-Vanillin,Methyl Vanillin,Ethyl Vanillin andVanillin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography JIA Xuan,et al4(314) Synthesis of Pd/N s-SiO?Catalyst and its Catalytic Performance forAcetylene Hydrogenation to Ethylene WANG Meng-jiao,et al4(319)・Biological and Environmental Engineering・Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of A-Ring Derivatives of Asiatic Acid LI Xiao-xiao,et al1(9) Synthesis and Antitumor Activity in Vitro of Ursolic Acid Derivatives XU Chuan-dong,et al1(18) Synthesis of N-adamantyl-N'-arylheterodihydrazides LIU Dan,et al1(22) Synthesis and Anti-Tumor Activity of Oleanolic AcidA Ring Derivatives in Vitro WANG Qiang,et al2(125) Tunable Synthesis of Morphologies of MnO^Catalyst by Template andIts Catalytic Oxidation Performance for Toluene XIANG Wen-jie,et al3(222)第4期《沈阳化工大学学报》2020年总目次5Synthesis of Oleanolic Acid Derivatives and MolecularDocking Studies with MEK.............................................................................................ZHANG Peng-bo,et al3(230) Synthesis of Oleanolic Acid Thiourea Derivatives and MolecularDocking Study with VEGFR-2Kinase.............................................................................................LI Jie,et al4(324) Synthesis and Biological Activities of2-(bromomethyl)-3-substituted Acrylate.......................................................................................................................LIAO Qiao,et al4(330) Application of WBS-RBS and AHP in Safety Capacity Analysis ofChemical Industrial Park.................................................................................................MENG Y u-qiang,et al4(334)・Material Science and Engineering・Synthesis of the Hexagonal Boron Nitride Using Tris(diethylamino)borazine as Precursor...................................................................................................................LI Zong-peng,et al1(25) Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Graphene/ManganeseDioxide Composites.......................................................................................................................LI Jing-mei,et al1(31) Effect of Different Dispersants on the Properties of Natural Rubber..............................................MENG Wei,et al2(130) Thermal Properties of Myristic Acid/1-hexadecanol EutecticMixture as Phase Change Material.........................................................................................LI Jiao-long,et al3(236) Hydrothermal Synthesis，Characterization and Electrocatalytic HydrogenEvolution of Nif/Cuf Nanomaterials.........................................................................................BAO Tong,et al4(338) Preparation of Photocatalytic Properties g-C3N4/CeVO q/Ag Nanocomposites........................QIAN Kun,et al4(345)・Mechanical Engineering・The Enhancement of Heat Transfer in Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon....................ZHAN Hong-ren,et al1(41) New Energy Integrated Kitchen Heating System...................................................................CAI Chang-yong,et al1(47) Effect of the Baffle Structure on Hydrodynamic Performanceat the Outlet Section ZHANG Hai-chun,et al2(135) Analysis on Enhanced Heat Transfer Performance of Cyclone StaticMixer with the Porous PlateFault Diagnosis of Retarder in Railway Stations Based on Acoustic Emission TechnologyInfluence of Sodium Tripolyphosphate on the Properties of Anodizing Films of Magnesium AlloyEffect of the Stabilizer Structure on the Hydraulic Characteristics in the Fire Water GunGONG Bin,et al2(142) JIN Zhi-hao，et al2(147) FU Guang-yan,et al2(153) ZHANG Jing，et al3(239)Numerical Simulation of Pressure Drop of ObliqueTray under Wind Load ZHANG Ping，et al3(245)Preparation and Corrosion Properties of Mg-xZn Alloys.......... Numerical Simulation of Gravity Heat Pipe with Internal Threads Three Dimensional Flow Field Analysis of Twin Screw Extruder with Slotted Neutral Kneading Block and Reverse Thread.................■-FU Guang-yan,et al3(250) ZHAN Hong-ren，et al4(352)GUO Shu-guo,et al4(358)6沈阳化工大学学报2020年Influence of Grid Type on Numerical Calculation of SwirlCharacteristics in Tubes......................................................................................................CHEN Ke-hao,et al4(363)・I information and Computer Engineering・Application of BP Neural Network Algorithm in“Shaking Head”Vehicle forObstacle Avoidance..................................................................................................................REN Shuai-nan,et al1(51) The Application of GPRS DTU Remote Communication Technology inOil and Gas Gathering Pipeline.............................................................................................ZHAO Si-yuan,et al1(56) WSN Autonomous Cluster Heterogeneous Clustering Routing ProtocolBased on Communication Nodes.................................................................................................LIU Yi-jue,et al1(60) Design of WSN Routing Protocol Based on Redundancy Node Intermittent.............................MA De-peng,et al1(67) Visual Analysis of Film Data Based on Python Crawler...................................................................GAO Wei,et al1(73) Design of CAN Bus Data Acquisition Card Based on STM32..................................................LI Jiao-long,et al1(79) Study on Optimization of Atomization and Dust Reduction EffectBased on Internet of Things..........................................................................................................AN Ran-ran,et al1(85) Fault Detection Based on SPA-SVDD in Batch Process......................................................XIE Yan-hong,et al2(158) Design of Three Tank Level Control System Based on Labview...........................................................LI Ling,et al2(165) Optimization of WSN Secure Data Aggregation SchemeBased on Data Slice...................................................................................................................WANG Jun,et al2(171) A WSN Cluster Routing Algorithm Based on theOptimized-Weighting Tree......................................................................................................LIU Yi-jue,et al2(178) Optimization Strategy for Dust Removal of Mine MaterialWarehouse in Sieve Workshop.................................................................................................AN Ran-ran,et al2(187) Design of Multi-Channel Optical Power Monitoring System..................................................GAO Shu-zhi,et al3(255) The Internet of Things Intelligent Management System ofCatering Industry Liquefied Gas Tank.....................................................................................WANG Ying,et al3(261) Life Cycle Monitoring Strategy for Bag Filter Wearer...............................................................LU Chen-he,et al3(268) Intelligent Monitoring Scheme for Water Flow inImitation Ocean Current Experiment................................................................................WANG Jin-liang,et al3(275) Fault Detection Strategy Based on Dividing Autocorrelation ofLatent Variables.......................................................................................................................ZHANG Cheng,et al4(369) Optimization Implementation Method of No-Mixed SchoolBus Route Analysis Model..............................................................................................................GAO Wei,et al4(377)・Science of Mathematics and Physics・Rung-Kutta Galerkin FEM Method for Unsteady ConvectionDominated Diffusion Equation.................................................................................................FENG Li-wei,et al1(91) Elementary Excitation Energy Spectra of Double-Layer Graphene-LikeSystem Under External Magnetic Field ZHAO Yu-xing,et al3(282)。

滇红玫瑰精油超临界CO2萃取工艺、挥发性成分及抗氧化活性研究

基金项目：云南中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目（编号：ＪＢ２０２２ＸＹ０３）；中国烟草总公司重大科技项目（编号：１１０２０２１０１０６８〔ＸＸ１３〕）作者简介：刘劲芸，女，云南中烟新材料科技有限公司助理研究员，硕士。

通信作者：吴恒（１９８７—），男，云南中烟新材料科技有限公司助理研究员，硕士。

Ｅｍａｉｌ：ｙｕｎｎａｎ２００２＠１６３．ｃｏｍ收稿日期：２０２２０９０９改回日期：２０２２１１３０犇犗犐：１０．１３６５２／犼．狊狆犼狓．１００３．５７８８．２０２２．８０７９２［文章编号］１００３５７８８（２０２３）０３０１７５０８滇红玫瑰精油超临界ＣＯ２萃取工艺、挥发性成分及抗氧化活性研究ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｓｕｐｅｒｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌＣＯ２ｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ，ｖｏｌａｔｉｌｅｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓａｎｄａｎｔｉｏｘｉｄａｎｔａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｏｆｒｏｓｅｏｉｌｆｒｏｍＤｉａｎｈｏｎｇｒｏｓｅ刘劲芸犔犐犝犑犻狀狔狌狀　常　健犆犎犃犖犌犑犻犪狀　蒋卓芳犑犐犃犖犌犣犺狌狅犳犪狀犵徐重军犡犝犆犺狅狀犵犼狌狀　陈　婉犆犎犈犖犌犠犪狀　吴　恒犠犝犎犲狀犵（云南中烟新材料科技有限公司，云南昆明　６５０１０６）（犢狌狀狀犪狀犜狅犫犪犮犮狅犐狀犱狌狊狋狉犻犪犾犎犻犜犲犮犺犕犪狋犲狉犻犪犾犆狅．，犔狋犱．，犓狌狀犿犻狀犵，犢狌狀狀犪狀６５０１０６，犆犺犻狀犪）摘要：目的：综合利用云产滇红玫瑰花资源，提高产品附加值。

方法：以玫瑰花精油得率为判别指标，通过单因素试验和响应面试验优化超临界ＣＯ２萃取玫瑰花精油的提取工艺；通过气相色谱—质谱技术分析不同精油的成分及相对含量，并评价不同玫瑰精油的抗氧化活性。

结果：超临界ＣＯ２萃取玫瑰花精油的最佳工艺参数为：玫瑰花粉末颗粒４０目，萃取压力２５．５ＭＰａ、萃取温度４５．５℃、萃取时间１２３ｍｉｎ，ＣＯ２流量２０Ｌ／ｈ，该工艺条件下玫瑰花精油得率为１．１８５％；不同产地滇红玫瑰精油中共鉴定出７４种挥发性成分，安宁产的滇红玫瑰花精油挥发性物质总量最高；不同产地滇红玫瑰花精油均具有较好的自由基清除能力，但不同产地的抗氧化能力存在明显差异。

Table of Contents Table of Contents i

3 Non-stationary Heat Equation Case 3.1 Statement of the Problem and Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Pre-indicator Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 1 Dimensional and Time-independent Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 1 Dimensional and Time-dependent Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 Proof of Runge’s Approximation Theorem Based on Hahn-Banach Theorem
RECONSTRUCTION OF INCLUSIONS FOR THE INVERSE BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM OF HEAT EQUATION USING PROBE METHOD
By Yuki Daido
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN SCIENCE AT HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY WEST 8, NORTH 10, KITA-KU, SAPPORO, 060-0810, JAPAN MARCH 2006
4 Numerical Realization 4.1 Realization in 1 Dimensional Time-independent Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Discrete Scheme for Indicator Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bibliography

ComprehensiveEnglish

Comprehensive English For English Majors(Workbook II)By Xi Xili Cheng FangxiaWang Qiaoning Y ue MingEnglish DepartmentXi’an University of TechnologyContentsUnit 1 (1)Unit 2 (6)Unit 3 (14)Unit 4 (20)Unit 5 (25)Unit 6 (32)Unit 7 (38)Unit 8 (43)Unit 9 (49)Unit 10 (56)Unit 1I. Language StructuresA. Match the events and circumstances in the two lists below. Join each pair using 1) when 2) while as in the example.Example: He was writing a composition. The telephone rang.He was writing a composition when the telephone rang.While he was writing a composition, the telephone rang.event circumstance1. A bomb exploded. a. I was arguing withSophia.2. Steve came and told her that b. The candidate was she’dwon the scholarship. making a speech.3. News came that she’d failed in her exams. c. He was walking in thestreet.4. John butted in and took sides with her. d. He was climbing up thehill.5. The rain poured down. e. Linda was singing merrily.6. A bicycle knocked him down. f. Mary was making herselfa cup of tea.1.2.3.4.5.6.B. Answer the following questions in complete sentences.1. How long had you been studying English before you became a collegestudent?12. Had you been speaking English before you joined this class?What language had you been using in English classes then?3. How long had you been reading aloud before you had your breakfast?4. What were you doing when the first bell rang this morning?5. What happened to the gas stove when Sarah was preparing dinner?6. What happened when is was raining cats and dogs?II. Guided WritingA. In the following paragraph linking words and phrases are missing.Football has a very long history in China. As long ago as the Song Dynasty, it was already a very popular game. Gao Qiu, the famous treacherous official, (1)_____we all know, rose to control the country by means of his skill in playing the football. (2)____only a mere eunuch of the humblest rank with no chances of contacting the emperor, he happened to bea superb player of football. One day, (3)____the emperor was playingfootball, a high fast spinning ball would have been shot beyond the huge compound had Gao Qiu not hooked it back again to land right under the emperor’s foot. This made him a great favorite of the emperor’s. (4)____, he came into control of the state through his catering in every way to the dissipated desires of the emperor. (5)____this is a painful page in the Chinese history, it shows that the Chinese people have long loved this sport.The football games held every year in our country still remain the focus of interest for millions of Chinese football fans.B. The following sentences go together to form an invitation. Put them in the right order. Add linking words where necessary.15 January, 20_Dear Matti,1. We hope you’re interested in coming.2. I’m sure we’ll have a good time.3. We’re having a Folk Dance Evening next Saturday, at 7 p.m., at the Recreation Hall.4. Y ou’re Finnish, maybe you can teach us some of your folk dances.5. We’ll be seeing you!26. Annette, Hans, Maria and Pedro are also coming.7. On the other hand, some of our minority nationality students will alsoshow us how they dance.Lingling———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————III. Listening ComprehensionBefore listening to the tape-recording, look at the two pictures below and go over the explanations beside them.True (T) or False (F)?For false statements, write the fact in parentheses.___ 1. The first modern Olympic Games were held in the second century A.D.( ) ___2. The Acropolis is the capital of Greece.( )___3. The Parthenon remains perfect in design and proportions.( )___4. The temple on top of the Acropolis was reduced to ruins by an explosion.( ) ___5. To Nick, the temple might have remained in fact if the soldiers had been careful with their am-munitions.3( ) ___6. Nick would be very happy if Socrates still lived today.( )___7. As there was not enough time. Nick would not be able to see the other well-known places in Athens.( )___8. Nick went to Greece with his aunt and uncle for a visit.( ) IV. TranslationA. Translate the following sentences into English.1. 他是经理的儿子，但光凭这一点，他是没有资格批语我们的工作的。

CTD中文版

European Union 欧盟Administrative Information and Prescribing Information 行政信息和法规信息Edition May 20082008年5月版Module 1 Table of Content 模块1 内容简介1.0 Cover Letter 封面信1.1 Comprehensive Table of Contents 内容简介1.2 Application Form 申请格式1.3 Product Information 产品信息1.3.1 SPC, Labelling and Package Leaflet SPC, SPC 标签和包装传单1.3.2 Mock-up 实验数据1.3.3 Specimen 样品1.3.4 Consultation with Target Patient Groups 咨询目标病人1.3.5 Product Information already approved in the Member States在欧盟成员国已批准的产品信息1.3.6 Braille 盲文1.4 Information about the Experts 专家信息1.4.1 Quality 质量1.4.2 Non-Clinical 非临床1.4.3 Clinical 临床1.5 Specific Requirements for Different Types of Applications对于不同申请的特殊要求1.5.1 Information for Bibliographical Applications 关于生物信息的申请1.5.2 Information for Generic, ‘Hybrid’ or Bio-similar Applications非专利药，混合物和生计学药品申请1.5.3 (Extended) Data/Market Exclusivity （扩展）数据市场排他性1.5.4 Exceptional Circumstances 异常情况1.5.5 Conditional Marketing Authorisation 市场经营许可1.6 Environmental Risk Assessment 环境风险评估1.6.1 Non-GMO 非转基因生物1.6.2 GMO 转基因生物NTA, Vol. 2B-CTD, Module 1 edition May 2008 31.7 Information relating to Orphan Market Exclusivity 关于特药市场排他性1.7.1 Similarity 相似性1.7.2 Market Exclusivity 市场的排他性1.8 Information relating to Pharmacovigilance 药物警戒性相关信息1.8.1 Pharmacovigilance System 药物警戒性系统1.8.2 Risk-management System 风险管理系统1.9 Information relating to Clinical Trials 临床相关细节问题1.10 Information relating to Paediatrics 儿科的相关信息Responses to Questions 相关问题的回答Additional Data 相关数据1.0 Cover Letter 封面信The cover letter to the application should be included here.申请用的封面信必须包含下列内容Where necessary, a “Notes to Reviewers” docu ment could be provided as an Appendix to the cover letter, providing further information in order to facilitate navigation (e.g. on hyper linking, volumes presentation etc ….).在必要的时候请在封面信的后面标明“检查者须知”，以便将来提供相关信息For paper submissions, only the relevant cover letter for the Member State concerned /EMEA should be provided.必须提供以前向相关成员国递交的书面申请，或者向欧洲人用和兽用药品委员提供递交过的申请。

Table of Contents..........................................................................

Naval Research LaboratoryWashington, DC 20375-5320NRL/MR/5540—00-8459Network Pump (NP) Security T argetAndrew P. MooreCenter for High Assurance Computer SystemsInformation Technology DivisionMay 29, 2000Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.Table of ContentsApproved for public release; distribution unlimited (i)Table of Contents (ii)Table of Figures (v)The Network Pump (NP) Security Target (1)Chapter 1Introduction (1)1.1Identification (1)1.2Overview (1)1.3Conformance Claim (2)Chapter 2Network Pump Description (3)2.1Pump Protocol (4)2.1.1Control Messages (4)2.1.2Data Messages (4)2.2Low Wrapper Functions (5)2.3High Wrapper Functions (5)2.4NP Functions (5)Chapter 3Security Environment (8)3.1Threats to be Addressed by NP Operations (8)3.1.1Threat to Confidentiality (9)3.1.2Threat to Integrity (9)3.1.3Threat to Availability (9)3.1.4Threat to Configuration (10)3.1.5Threat to Detection (10)3.2Threats to be Addressed by the Low and High LAN Environments (10)3.2.1Threat to Integrity (11)3.2.2Threat to Availability (11)Chapter 4Security Objectives (12)4.1NP Technical Security Objectives (12)4.2NP Non-Technical Security Objectives (13)4.3Security Objectives Rationale (13)Chapter 5Security Requirements (16)5.1Security Functional Requirements (SFR) (16)5.1.1Requirements for Security Audit (FAU) (17)5.1.2Requirements for Data Protection (FDP) (18)5.1.3Requirements for Identification and Authentication (FIA) (19)5.1.4Requirements for Security Management (FMT) (19)5.1.5Requirements for Protection of the TOE Security Functions (FPT) (20)5.1.6Requirements for Resource Utilization (FRU) (21)5.1.7Requirements for TOE Access (FTA) (21)5.1.8Requirements for Trusted Path/Channels (FTP) (21)5.1.9Minimum Strength of Function Levels (22)5.2Security Functional Requirements Rationale (22)5.2.1Satisfaction of Objective O1 (23)5.2.2Satisfaction of Objective O2 (23)5.2.3Satisfaction of Objective O3 (23)5.2.4Satisfaction of Objective O4 (24)5.2.5Satisfaction of Objective O6 (24)5.2.6Satisfaction of Objective O7 (24)5.2.7Satisfaction of Objective O8 (24)5.2.8Satisfaction of Objective O9 (24)5.2.9Satisfaction of Objective O10 (25)5.2.10Strength of Function Requirement Consistency (25)5.2.11Security Requirements Mutually Supportive (25)5.3NP Security Assurance Requirements (28)5.3.1Requirements for Configuration Management (ACM) (29)5.3.2Requirements for Delivery and Operation (ADO) (30)5.3.3Requirements for Development (ADV) (30)5.3.4Requirements for Guidance documents (AGD) (33)5.3.5Requirements for Life Cycle Support (ALC) (34)5.3.6Requirements for Tests (ATE) (35)5.3.7Requirements for Vulnerability Assessment (AVA) (36)Chapter 6Summary Specification (38)6.1Security Functions (SF) (38)6.1.1Functions for Confidentiality (38)6.1.2Functions for Integrity (39)6.1.3Functions for Identification and Authentication (39)6.1.4Functions for Availability (40)6.1.5Functions for Administrative Provision (40)6.1.6Functions for Administrative Control (41)6.1.7Functions for Security Audit (41)6.1.8Functions for Self-Test (42)6.1.9Functions for Secure Failure and Recovery (42)6.2Security Function Rationale (43)6.2.1Confidentiality Argument (44)6.2.2Integrity Argument (45)6.2.3Identification and Authentication Argument (45)6.2.4Connection Control Argument (46)6.2.5Availability Argument (46)6.2.6Administrative Provision Argument (46)6.2.7Administrative Control Argument (47)6.2.8Security Audit Argument (47)6.2.9Self-Test Argument (47)6.2.10Secure Failure and Recovery Argument (47)6.2.11Non-Bypassability Argument (48)6.2.12Domain Separation Argument (48)6.2.13Strength of Function Levels for Security Functions (48)Acknowledgement (50)References (51)Appendix A (52)Table of TablesTable 1: Secure Usage Assumptions (8)Table 2: Threats to be Addressed by NP Operations (9)Table 3: Threats to be Addressed by the Low and High LAN Environments (10)Table 4: NP Technical Security Objectives (12)Table 5: NP Non-Technical Security Objectives (13)Table 6: Security Threat/Objective Cross-Reference (14)Table 7: The NP’s Security Functional Requirement Classification (17)Table 8: Security Objective/Functional Requirement Cross-Reference (23)Table 9: Dependency Analysis (26)Table 10: SFR Mutual Support (27)Table 11: Assurance Requirement Components for EAL5 (29)Table 12: Security Functional Requirement/Security Function Cross-Reference (44)Table of FiguresFigure 1: The System Architecture with the NP (3)Figure 2: Structure of a Wrapper (3)Figure 3: States of a NP Connection (38)The Network Pump (NP) Security TargetChapter 1Introduction1.1IdentificationTarget of Evaluation: Network PumpProduct Type: Low to High Network Communication LinkDeveloper:Center for High Assurance Computer Systems, Code 5540Naval Research LaboratoryWashington, D.C.Sponsor:Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, PD-161San Diego, CAVersion: Hardware PumpKeywords:MLS guard, one-way link, Low to High flow, reliable communication, MLS in-formation sharing, covert channel analysis, information theory, high assurance1.2OverviewMany DoD computer systems are, for reasons of security, operated in System High enclaves. This organi-zation permits free flow of information and arbitrary system connectivity within an enclave operating at a single security level, but makes it risky to connect enclaves operating at different security levels.If the security levels of two enclaves are, respectively, Low and High, and High dominates Low in the lat-tice of security levels, then communication from Low to High can be safely permitted, but communication from High to Low must be restricted. If communication from High to Low is prohibited entirely, reliable transmission from Low to High becomes extremely difficult, and most conventional computer communica-tion protocols cannot function normally.This Security Target describes a Target of Evaluation called the Network Pump (NP) [1,3]. The NP pro-vides general purpose, reliable and secure communication between two System High enclaves operating at Low and High. While other such devices provide a single connection between a single device operating and at Low and another at High, the NP provides multiple, simultaneous connections between users of one LAN operating at Low and users of another LAN operating at High. To be most useful, the NP must pro-vide1.high assurance that significant information will not leak from the High network to theLow network, so that networks operating at substantially different security levels can besecurely connected,2.high assurance that a message accepted by the NP from Low will eventually be deliveredto the intended High recipient, even in the face of power failures or system crashes,3.high performance, so that information can normally be passed quickly and many connec-tions can be supported,4.flexible interfaces, so that it can support communication needs of many different applica-tions, and5.low initial and operating costs, so that expense will not be a barrier to deployment.The NP’s primary security objective is to preserve the confidentiality of High information. While this may not at first seem to be a problem with a Low to High communication link, consider the simple case of a Store and Forward Buffer (SAFB) used to transmit messages from Low to High. Reliability requires sending an acknowledgement to Low for each message received that guarantees that the SAFB will forward the message to High. When the SAFB is full, the timing of these acknowledgements is directly under the control of High and thus, if maliciously exploited, represents a covert timing channel. That is, a High side process controlled by a malicious user or code, e.g., a Trojan Horse program, can encode High information by varying the acknowledgement arrival times to Low, after Low has sent a message to High. A colluding Low side process that decodes this information breaches the confidentiality of the High information. Other work [8] demonstrates that such covert channels have significant capacities in real systems. The NP de-scribed in this Security Target permits connecting Low and High LANs while providing high assurance that confidentiality is preserved by severely constraining the capacity of channels from High to Low.1.3Conformance ClaimThe NP, as described in this document, contains only functional requirements that are based upon func-tional components in Part 2 of the Common Criteria. In addition this document mandates the EAL5 level of assurance, with no additional assurance requirements. The NP is, therefore, Part 2 and Part 3 confor-mant, as defined by the Common Criteria.Chapter 2Network Pump DescriptionThe general architecture in which the NP resides is shown in Figure 1. The NP supports communication connections from the Low LAN Interface to the High LAN Interface. These connections may support ran-dom traffic, e.g., e-mail, from the Low to High or more structured updates of High LAN databases, e.g., SQL updates that replicate Low LAN database updates to the High LAN. The NP supports a specialized protocol, called the Pump Protocol, across the LAN interfaces for ease of re-use and maintenance. The NP operates compatibly with protocols from the TCP/IP suite [4]. TCP/IP is usually described as supporting four layers (listed from lowest to highest): network access layer, internet layer, host-host transport layer, and application layer. The Pump Protocol is implemented at the application layer and uses the services provided by the transport layer.Figure 1: The System Architecture with the NPThe ability to support a variety of applications is provided by components called wrappers. These compo-nents run on the application systems in the Low and High enclaves that communicate with the NP over their respective LANs. Each application on the Low LAN that uses the NP communicates via an interface to a Low Wrapper, and, similarly, each application on the High LAN that receives information from the Pump communicates via an interface to a High Wrapper. The wrappers are responsible for supporting the Pump Protocol on one side and the particular application protocol on the other. Different wrappers will support different applications; installing or modifying a wrapper is a change to the software configuration on the application system, but not to the NP.As shown in Figure 2, each wrapper is further divided into an application-dependent part, which can be tailored to support the particular set of objects, or calls the application expects to see, and a Pump-dependent part, which is a library of routines that implement the Pump Protocol [5]. These functions can be called as required by the application-dependent routines.Figure 2: Structure of a WrapperThe Pump also provides the interface to an Administrator Terminal. The Pump receives initial con-figuration and other control information across this interface and provides error and performance r e-ports, if requested by the Administrator. The configuration information defines which users on theLow LAN are permitted to open connections (and thereby transmit messages) to which users on the High LAN.2.1Pump ProtocolThe Pump Protocol is a special-purpose protocol implemented at the application layer [4] that defines the communications at this level between the NP and the Low Wrapper and High Wrapper. The protocols used below the application layer (transport, internet, and network interface layers) must support communication across Ethernet LANs. The Pump Protocol is specified in terms of the messages it transmits. There are two classes of messages: Control Messages and Data Messages.2.1.1Control MessagesControl Messages support the creation and termination of connections. There are three types of control messages:1.Request Connection: This message specifies the desired source and destination of the connection asan IP address and port number and specifies whether a recoverable or non-recoverable connection is desired. It is sent from the Low Wrapper to a well-known port on the NP.2.Connection Valid/Invalid: This message is sent from the NP to a Low Wrapper in response to a Re-quest Connection Message. If the message indicates a connection is invalid, it implies that the re-quested connection is not consistent with the Configuration Table or that the host is unavailable. If the requested connection is valid, the Low Wrapper is expected to listen for a Connection Granted mes-sage.3.Connection Granted: This message is sent from the NP to a Low Wrapper following a ConnectionValid message and indicates that the Low Wrapper can begin sending messages across the connection.The same message is also sent to the High Wrapper at the IP address and port specified in the connec-tion request. It also provides communication parameters for the connection, including Connection ID, maximum message size, window size, and initial time out value. If the requested connection was re-coverable, and the previous connection between this pair of IP/port addresses was both recoverable and terminated abnormally within the past 24 hours, then the last message transmitted to High Wrapper across the previous connection is appended to this control message.4.Connection Exit: This is a message sent by the NP to the High Wrapper and Low Wrapper to indicatethat an existing connection is being terminated abnormally. It is to be sent when an Administrator re-quests that a connection be closed or when the NP detects an abnormal condition on a connection (e.g., High Wrapper ceases to accept messages, Low Wrapper ceases to send messages).2.1.2Data MessagesData Messages support the flow of messages and acknowledgments across an existing connection and can also indicate the normal termination of a connection.1.Data Message (Low to High): This protocol unit transmits a single, non-zero-length message fromLow Wrapper to High Wrapper over the connection specified by a connection ID. The sender of a Data Message also provides a Message ID, which can act as a sequence number. This Data Message is sent from the Low Wrapper to the NP and, subsequently, from the NP to the High Wrapper.2.Acknowledgment (High to Low): This protocol unit acknowledges receipt by the sender of a mes-sage, specified by a Message ID, over a connection, specified by a Connection ID. The NP will send a message of this type to the Low Wrapper after it successfully receives a Data Message from the Low Wrapper. The High Wrapper will send a message of this type to the NP whenever the High Wrapper successfully receives a Data Message from the NP.3.Close Connection Message: This protocol unit is sent from the Low Wrapper to the NP, and subse-quently from the NP to the High Wrapper to terminate a connection normally. It specifies a Connec-tion ID.2.2Low Wrapper FunctionsThe Low Wrapper shall include an application-dependent part and Pump-dependent part. The Pump-dependent part of the Low Wrapper shall provide the following functions to the application-dependent part by invoking appropriate Pump Protocol operations:1.Request Connection: The application specifies the desired destination and connection type.2.Send Data: The application requests data to be sent over an existing connection.3.Close Connection: The application signals that it has no more data to transmit.The application-dependent part of the Low Wrapper will map application communication requirements into these functions as needed. The Pump-dependent part of the Low Wrapper may return information to the application-dependent part in response to each of these operations (for example, the connection request may be accepted or refused, and an acknowledgment may be returned after data are sent). Whether this information is conveyed by the application-dependent part back to the Low Application will depend on the Low Application’s requirements.2.3High Wrapper FunctionsThe High Wrapper shall include a Pump-dependent part and an application-dependent part. The Pump-dependent part shall provide the following functions:1.Receive Connection: This function returns the information provided by the Connection Granted mes-sage to enable initialization of data structures for a new connection.2.Receive Message: This function returns the next message received from the NP for the connection thatcorresponds to this High Wrapper3.Send Acknowledgment: This function transmits an Acknowledgment to be transmitted over the speci-fied connection for a specified message.The application-dependent part of the High Wrapper will map application communication requirements into these functions as needed. The Pump-dependent part of the High Wrapper may return information to the application-dependent part in response to each of these operations (for example, the Pump may termi-nate a connection, causing an abnormal return from the requested operation). Whether this information is conveyed by the application-dependent part back to the High Application will depend on the High Appli-cation’s requirements.2.4NP FunctionsThe fundamental function of the NP is to provide reliable transmission of information from the Low LAN to the High LAN while ensuring that High information cannot leak to the Low LAN. Confiden-tiality properties of the NP depend solely on the NP itself and not on the Wrappers. Wrapper function, including both application-dependent and Pump-dependent parts, is not confidentiality critical and canbe altered or replaced without affecting system confidentiality. The confidentiality critical nature ofNP function stems from the ability of a High user/process to control the timing of application-layer ac-knowledgements, as in the case of the Store and Forward Buffer when the buffer is full.The NP ensures that communication over the LAN Interfaces conforms strictly to the Pump Protocol; any other application-level traffic is logged as erroneous and discarded. The NP controls the timing of the ac-knowledgments sent across the Low LAN interface, and thus the covert timing channel, according to an algorithm provided in reference [1]. This algorithm bounds the capacity of the covert channel analytically as follows:For each active connection, the NP maintains a separate variable that reflects the mov-ing average of the time it takes the High Wrapper to accept messages from the High LANInterface. The NP delays application-layer acknowledgments, which are sent in responseto messages received from the Low Wrapper over this connection, randomly according tothis moving average. At the application layer, messages received over this connectionshall be acknowledged in the same order they are received. The only information flowfrom the High Wrapper to the Low Wrapper over a connection occurs through changes inthe value of the moving average variable. This variable shall not be provided directly tothe Low Wrapper but the Low Wrapper may estimate its value by observing the random-ized delays between message transmission and receipt of acknowledgments.The NP supports the functions of the Pump Protocol and Administrator Terminal requests as follows:1.The NP responds to a Request Connection control message received from a Low Wrapper over thewell-known port designated for this purpose by checking the request against the Configuration Table and, if the request is invalid, sending a Connection Invalid message to the Low Wrapper. If the request is valid, a Connection Valid message is sent, and a Connection ID is allocated for this connection. The NP then constructs a Connection Granted message containing appropriate data for this connection. If the request is valid and recoverability is requested, the NP also check to see whether the previous con-nection between the requested sender and receiver was terminated abnormally. If so, it returns the last message successfully transmitted from Low to High on that connection to the Low Wrapper along with the Connection Valid message.2.The NP responds to a Data Message from the Low Wrapper by checking that the specified connectionis valid and that the message fits the connection’s parameters.If the connection is valid, and there is space available in the NP Buffer, it stores the message in the NP Buffer, generates an acknowledgment delay based on the current value of the moving average for this connection and a random factor in accordance with the NP algorithms [KML 96]. After this delay elapses, the NP transmits the appropriate acknowledgment to the Low Wrapper.If space is not available in the NP Buffer, the NP will generate a timeout event for itself. If space be-comes available in the NP Buffer prior to the occurrence of the timeout, the message will be handled as in the preceding paragraph, except that the random delay computed for the acknowledgment will be modified to take into account the time elapsed between the receipt of the message and its placement in the buffer. If the timeout occurs before space becomes available, the message is discarded without sending an acknowledgment, since the Low Wrapper, not having received an acknowledgment, will retransmit the message.3.The NP responds to a Close Message from the Low Wrapper by forwarding that message to the HighWrapper freeing the data structures allocated to this connection, and recording the connection as hav-ing terminated normally.4.The NP responds to an Acknowledgment received from the High Wrapper on a given connection byupdating the value of the moving average for this connection appropriately and releasing all storage as-sociated with this message. If this is a recoverable connection, the NP places the message correspond-ing to the acknowledgment in the “last successfully transmitted message” stable storage buffer for this connection prior to releasing the storage associated with this message.5.The NP terminates any protocol operation that takes longer than the configured Network InactivityTimeout Value to return a result. Following such a termination, the NP logs the fact of the termination and continues as if a Connection Exit request had been received from the Administrator Terminal to terminate this connection (see item 6 below).6.The NP responds to a Connection Exit request from the Administrator Terminal by releasing tempo-rary storage related to this connection, and, if it is a recoverable connection, marking the connection as abnormally terminated in a data structure that can be consulted the next time a connection between the same sender/receiver pair is requested.7.The NP responds to a Load Configuration request received from the Administrator Terminal by imme-diately replacing the existing Configuration Table with the new Table. The Configuration table speci-fies general parameters such as window sizes, buffer sizes, time out periods, maximum connections per host, maximum connections per Pump, the IP addresses and port numbers on the Low LAN from which the NP will accept connection requests and messages whether a particular IP address/port re-quires recoverable service, the IP addresses and port numbers on the High LAN to which the NP willdeliver messages, and which of the Low addresses is authorized to send to which of the High ad-dresses.8.The NP responds to a Retrieve Status request from the Administrator Terminal by returning the Con-figuration Table and the current contents of auditing and error-logging data structures. Status infor-mation includes error reports, such as the number of erroneous messages received and number of im-proper connections attempted since the last report, and performance data, such as the number of con-nections initiated, number of messages successfully transmitted per connection, average delay per mes-sage, and current moving average values.9.The NP responds to a Renew Status request by both returning the current status information and reset-ting all counters and status indicators to their initial states, except for the system clock. The NP re-leases any messages saved from abnormally terminated conditions that are older than 24 hours in re-sponse to this request.The NP maintains the following characteristics while implementing the functions of the Pump Protocol:Throughput: The NP supports a minimum average data throughput of 2 megabits per second, from Low Wrapper to High Wrapper. On average, the NP can receive data on a particular connection from the Low Wrapper at the same rate that the High Wrapper for that connection accepts data from the NP.Recoverability: The NP provides recoverable service. That is, once Low Wrapper receives an application layer acknowledgment from the NP for a given message, it can safely assume that the message will be de-livered to the High Wrapper by the NP, even if power failures or system crashes occur, either in the NP or the High Wrapper.Accuracy and Validity: The NP and Wrappers do not degrade the accuracy or validity of any applications to which they are connected. Each message delivered to a High Application by the High Wrapper over a given connection corresponds exactly to a message received from the Low Application by the Low Wrap-per.Message and Acknowledgment Ordering: For each message received successfully by the NP from a Low Wrapper over a connection, the NP sends an acknowledgment message back to the Low Wrapper over the same connection, and the acknowledgments are sent in the same order that the messages are received. The NP delivers messages to the High Application by the High Wrapper in the same order they are received from the Low Application by the Low Wrapper. (Note that these requirements apply at the application protocol layer and do not preclude the use of lower level protocols that may permit subdividing messages into packets, packet duplication, out-of-order delivery of packets, packet retransmission, etc., over both the High LAN and Low LAN interfaces).Non-Duplication of Messages: The NP successfully delivers each data message successfully received from the Low Wrapper to the High Wrapper exactly once, for recoverable connections, and at most once, for non-recoverable connections.Connection Independence: Abnormal behavior (such as message flooding or refusal to accept messages) on one connection will not affect the performance of other connections.Connection Fairness: Connections that are behaving normally receive service on a fair basis.Chapter 3Security EnvironmentTo provide a complete picture of the security problem, the Common Criteria requires enumeration of all threats to the NP environment, including those not completely addressed by the NP. Since the NP needs to be useful for many types of environments, we assume a broad range of threats to the NP envi-ronment, including threats to information confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This chapter re-fines these general threats into threats that the NP will address and those that the NP’s operating envi-ronment will address. Table 1 describes the assumptions on which these threats are based, in the con-text of Figure 1.A1.The NP interconnects with the Administrator Terminal, Low LAN, and High LAN as shown in Figure 1.A2.High dominates Low in the lattice of security levels.A3.Only personnel cleared for Low information can access data stored on the Low LAN includ-ing data transmitted on the Low LAN Interface.A4.Only personnel cleared for High information can access data stored on the High LAN includ-ing data transmitted on the High LAN Interface.A5.All data received by the NP over the Low LAN Interface are classified Low.A6.All data received by the NP over the High LAN Interface are classified High.Table 1: Secure Usage Assumptions3.1Threats to be Addressed by NP OperationsTable 2 describes the threats addressed by the NP using both technical and non-technical countermea-sures. Thus, the NP device implementation may not entirely address the threats listed here; countering them may depend on Physical, Personnel and/or Operational countermeasures in the environment. The next chapter will distinguish the security objectives that derive from these threats as to whether they are addressed by the NP implementation, i.e., by technical countermeasures, or by the NP’s environ-ment, i.e., by non-technical countermeasures.。

A Research on the Path of College Physical Educati

A Research on the Path of College Physical Education to Cultivate College Students’ Innovative AbilityYifan Sheng1, Qiyang He21 Tianmen Vocation Vollege2 Wuan Vocation College of Software and Engineering Abstract: With the deepening of quality education in China, the enthusiasm of physical education is also rising. It is extremely important to cultivate students’ physical core literacy and strengthen students’ physical exercise. Early education focuses on subject knowledge, but today’s actual teaching should focus on strengthening physical education reform, and cultivating students’ innovative ability and comprehensive quality has been urgent. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on the analysis of the main problems and corresponding solutions in the process of cultivating students’ innovative ability in physical education in colleges and universities at the present stage, focusing on strengthening students’ personal practical innovation ability and promoting the further improvement of the effectiveness of physical education classroom teaching in colleges and universities. Keywords : College Sports; Innovation Ability; Training MeasuresDOI: 10.47297/wspiedWSP2516-250007.20210504With the continuous development of quality education, China’ s national education system has gradually improved, and the level of education for all is gradually improving. However, there are still many problems in the process of quality education, which is a problem that teachers urgently need to solve at this stage. With the continuous popularization of examination-oriented education in China, the focus of education at this stage is mainly on students’ examinations, but it ignores the cultivation of students’ core literacy and the improvement of students’ physical quality, which also makes most of the students’ physical quality at this stage is relatively low. It has a serious impact on students’ health, but also makes students’ emergency ability and innovation ability gradually lower. Therefore, atAbout the author: Yifan Sheng(1990-09), Male, Anqing County, An Hui Province, Han nationality, Lecturer, Junior College, physical education.Qiyang He(1989-01), Male, Hefei County, An Hui Province, Han nationality, Assistant, Master, physical education.Journal of International Education and Development Vol.5 No.4 2021this stage, teachers should pay attention to the cultivation of students’ innovative ability in the teaching process, give full play to the practical role of physical education, strengthen the cultivation of students’ innovative ability, and promote the improvement of students’ overall level.1. The Problems Existing in College Physical Education at Present Stage(1) Irrational teaching methodsFor students, there is a strong curiosity for all things, but there are still some students will have some reverse phenomenon, full of aversion to learning, do not want to learn. However, in real life, a large part of students like sports activities, but because teachers cannot update their teaching methods in time in the teaching process, the adopted teaching methods are old and the content is boring, which makes many students lose interest in learning. At the same time, most parents believe that it is satisfying as long as children’s physical learning can take a relatively good score, and they believe that the proportion of physics in the exam is small, so the importance of sports activities is ignored, resulting in the failure to improve teaching efficiency and students’ inefficient learning.(2) Irrational curriculum designAt this stage, the main problem of most teachers in carrying out physical education teaching is that the design of physical education teaching content and the actual teaching situation of students are not very consistent. Teachers can not fully mobilize the enthusiasm of students to learn, so as to reduce the efficiency of students’ learning, resulting in that students do not have sufficient time for sports activities, so that can not learn efficiently. In terms of the teaching time, teachers’ allocation of time is not reasonable. They often speak too long and students’ actual operation time is too short. In addition, when teachers do physical education, the course time is short, and the students’ self-control ability is relatively low. Therefore, students do not have much time for sports activities when they study, resulting in the low quality of students’ physical education learning. Teachers only stay on the surface when they carry out supervision work for students, and do not greatly improve students’ learning enthusiasm.2. The Reform Strategy of Cultivating Students’ Innovation Ability in College Physical Education T eaching(1) Innovating teaching methods of college physical educationEven if the main task of colleges and universities is to cultivate technical personnel, colleges and universities should attach great importance to students’healthy body and physical literacy, so that students can make more contributions to society. Innovating physical education teaching in colleges and universities should focus on enhancing students’ physical quality, not only on students’ attendance rate and examination results. Colleges and universities should set up a teaching system centered on enhancing students’ physical quality. Teachers should also actively explore new educational methods in teaching, such as group cooperation, games and other methods to mobilize students’ interest in physical exercise, and train students to develop good habits of regular exercise through clocking of weekly running or competitions. Teachers should also set unified or personal standards for sports assessment according to the actual content of teaching and the specific situation of students, so as to ensure that all students can join in physical exercise to improve students’ sports literacy and physical quality.(2) Improving the teaching ability and professional quality of physical education teachersPE teachers play an important role in classroom teaching. Improving the teaching ability and professional quality of physical education teachers in colleges and universities is a necessary way to improve the efficiency of physical education teaching. First of all, in terms of the recruitment of teachers, colleges and universities should not only consider the qualifications of teachers, but also focus on the comprehensive ability of teachers and personal literacy, through a variety of inspection to choose physical education teachers. The school should also hold regular training work, lectures and seminars for teachers who have entered the job, arming the mind of physical education teachers with innovative ideas, so as to ensure that teachers update their teaching concepts in a timely manner. They also should adopt a audition and evaluation system for teachers to ensure that teachers not only adhere to professional ethics, but also actively explore new teaching methods, improve physical education teaching system, give full play to the different potential of different students, mobilize students’ interest in physical exercise, and devote themselves to the improvement of students’ physical literacy.(3) Teaching using information technologyFirstly, teachers can apply Internet technology to class teaching. At present, many schools have fully adopted Internet technology in teaching, but only a small number of schools use Internet technology in physical education teaching. Now most of the methods that are used by colleges and universities in physical education teaching are the traditional face-to-face teaching. Teachers themselves demonstrate actions to let students learn. But if applying Internet technology to physical education, teachers can quickly find the problems of students, and timely solve them, and can strengthen students’ physical exercise. Secondly, teachers should also adopt Internet technology when students study after class. Only relying on class time it is not enough for students to achieve due exercise. Therefore, teachers needA Research on the Path of College Physical Education to Cultivate College Students’ Innovative AbilityJournal of International Education and Development Vol.5 No.4 2021to let students do exercise actively after class. The use of Internet technology can enable students to get comprehensive guidance when learning after class, so that students’ actions are more standardized, thereby better solving students’ problems encountered in the classroom, and better cultivating students’ personal innovation ability.(4) Improving the sports facilities of universitiesThe lack of sports infrastructure in colleges and universities is also an important reason for the poor teaching efficiency. Therefore, colleges and universities should attach great importance to the situation of sports facilities in colleges and universities, timely supply the imperfect sports facilities, repair and maintain damaged sports facilities to ensure the regular updating of sports facilities in colleges and universities. Due to the limited funding of colleges and universities, it is impossible to achieve high-frequency updates of sports facilities. Therefore, teachers have the responsibility to supervise students to protect sports facilities. Teachers can focus on explaining the requirements for students to use infrastructure in teaching, and prohibit students from deliberately damaging facilities. At the same time, teachers cannot choose not to complete sports exercise in order to maintain sports facilities. The school can use the camera to monitor the teachers’ teaching situation and equipment maintenance work, so as to avoid the entanglement of teaching accident responsibility problems and soothe the teaching pressure of physical education teachers.(5) Teaching with gamesWith the continuous reform of education, teachers should reasonably use games in the teaching process to improve students’ interest in learning and strengthen the cultivation of students’ core literacy, so games should be widely used. In college physical education teaching, teachers can use games for teaching, and in the development of sports activities teachers can find the corresponding games to coordinate with teaching. The application of this method in physical education teaching in colleges and universities can not only promote students to understand relevant knowledge more profoundly, but also enable students to carry out sports activities more effectively and promote teachers to complete teaching objectives more efficiently. Therefore, if teachers want to ensure classroom efficiency, they should use games to improve students’ learning enthusiasm and strengthen the cultivation of students’ innovative ability. Teachers can also let students organize sports classroom activities in turn, so that students themselves choose appropriate physical exercise or sports games to carry out classroom teaching, thereby better developing students’ personal dominant position and personal innovation ability.3. ConclusionTo sum up, we can find that improving students’ innovation ability is extremely important for students. Only when students have a healthy body and high quality can they further improve their physical quality.References[1] Zou Hao, Yan Fei. “The Cultivation of College Physical “Core Literacy” under the Modern Education System” [ J ]. Journal of Heihe University , 2017,8 ( 5 ) : 60-61. [2] Discussion on the Reform of College Physical Education Curriculum under the Concept of “Core Literacy” of Education — Taking the Reform of Physical Health Curriculum in Chongqing University of Science and Technology as an Example. [ J ] Journal of Southwest Normal University : Natural Science Edition , 2016, 41 ( 10 ) : 173 – 76. [3] Ma Xiaozhi. “Reform of School Physical Education and Development of Students’ Core Literacy” [ J ]. Journal of Henan University of Technology : Social Sciences Edition , 2016,17 ( 2 ) : 261-64. [4] Zhang Yipeng. “A Research on the Teaching Reform of College Physical Education Curriculum under the Concept of Core Literacy” [ J ]. Contemporary Sports Sci-ence and Technology , 2018,8 ( 24 ) : 131,133.A Research on the Path of College Physical Education to Cultivate College Students’ Innovative Ability。

包容·内倾·自省——论徐则臣小说《耶路撒冷》之江南文化三性

南昌师范学院学报(综合)Journal of Nanchang Normal University! Comprehensive )2020年12月第41卷第6期Dec. 2020Vol. 41 No. 6包容•内倾・自省论徐则臣小说《耶路撒冷》之江南文化三性熊玫（南昌师范学院文学院，江西南昌330032）摘要：长篇小说《耶路撒冷》讲述了江南文化影响下的“花街”三代人的聚合离变的故事。

小说以秦淮河边花街作为地域形态的叙述主轴，又以整个中国社会在现代化历史情境中的变动为因辐射到更具有参照意义的远方世界,其广阔的时空把握能力显示了 70后作家对于中国文化形态之江南文化的眷恋和思考。

就小说的故事本身而言，江南文化三性突出地表现为:江南文化之包容性、江南文化之内倾性及江南文化之自省性。

关键词：《耶路撒冷》；江南文化;包容性；内倾性；自省性中图分类号：1207.425文献标识码：A文章编号：2095 -8102（2020）06 -0117 -05Inclusiveness , Introversion , Iniospection------On tha Three (341x 0—510- of Jiangnan Culture in Xu Zechen] Novd JerusalemXIUNG Mai(School of Chinese Language and Literature , Nanchang Normal University ,Nanchang 330032, China )Abstrad : The novel Jerusalem by the post-70s writer Xu Zechen is a representative work of his growth narrative. The worktelle the vicissitudes of the three generations in Flower Street under the iihluence of Jiangnan culture. The novel uses theFlower Street along the Qinhuai River as the main narrative geoeraphicai axis,and radiates to the dmtant world with moreeefeeeniiaesignificancedueioihechangesofihewhoeeChinesesocieiyin ihehisioeicaeconietiofmodeenieaiion.Hisabieiiyto grasp time and space in a broad perspective displays the post-70s writeiW attachment to and deep wlection about Jiang nan cueiuee.Asfaeasihesioeyiiseefisconceened , iheiheeechaeacieeisiicsofJiangnan cueiueeaeepeominenieymanifesied asiheinceusieeness , inieoeeesion and inieospeciion ofJiangnan cueiuee.Key Word&： Jeeusaeem ； Jiangnan cueiuee ； inceusieene s ； inieoeeesion ； inieospeciion—部文学作品对应的是一片土地及其在土地之中生成的文化性格。

安宁缓和医疗中的灵性照顾

以心理社会评估的晤谈过程也同时是一个支持和治疗的过程。

５　家庭会议可以作为心理社会评估的有效途径海淀医院安宁病房的家庭会议一般在患者入院一周内或病情出现转折时召开，邀请患者及参与照护决定的所有家属参加，参会人员主要有医生、护士、患者、家属以及病房里兼职的社工师。

会议议题主要围绕病情知晓、患者和家属对疾病的担心、患者的照护偏好、下一步医疗决策以及患者未完成的心愿等内容展开。

６　小结安宁缓和医疗从一整套全面的评估开始，强调患者的意愿，提供个体化、连续的整体照护。

心理压力损害患者感受快乐、意义和联结的能力，侵蚀生活质量，加重疼痛和其他症状，降低其做分离和告别的情感工作能力［５］。

因此，能有效和共情地识别和干预这些因素的能力是所有安宁缓和医疗从业人员必须具备的核心胜任力之一。

参考文献［１］　国家统计局．中华人民共和国２０１９年国民经济和社会发展统计公报［ＥＢ／ＯＬ］．［２０２００９１２］．ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｓｔａｔｓ．ｇｏｖ．ｃｎ／ｔｊｓｊ／ｚｘｆｂ／２０２００２／ｔ２０２００２２８＿１７２８９１３．ｈｔｍｌ．［２］　ＮＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＣＯＭＰＲＥＨＥＮＳＩＶＥＣＡＮＣＥＲＮＥＴＷＯＲＫ．ＮＣＣＮｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｇｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅｉｎｏｎｃｏｌｏｇｙｐａｌｌｉａｔｉｖｅｃａｒｅ（ｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ２．２０１７）［ＥＢ／ＯＬ］．（２０１７０３１５）．ｈｔｔｐｓ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｎｃｃｎ．ｏｒｇ／ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌｓ／ｐｈｙｓｉｃｉａｎｇｌｓ／ｐｄｆ／ｐａｌｌｉａｔｉｖｅ．ｐｄｆ．［３］　ＰＡＬＬＩＡＴＩＶＥＣＡＲＥＮＥＴＷＯＲＫＯＦＷＩＳＣＯＮＳＩＮ．Ｔｈｅｐｓｙｃｈｏｓｏｃｉａｌａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｉｎｐａｌｌｉａｔｉｖｅｃａｒｅ［ＥＢ／ＯＬ］．（２０２００９１５）．ｈｔｔｐｓ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｍｙｐｃｎｏｗ．ｏｒｇ／ｆａｓｔｆａｃｔ／ｔｈｅｐｓｙｃｈｏｓｏｃｉａｌａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｉｎｐａｌｌｉａｔｉｖｅｃａｒｅ／［４］　ＮＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＩＮＳＴＩＴＵＴＥＦＯＲＣＬＩＮＩＣＡＬＥＸＣＥＬＬＥＮＣＥ．Ｇｕｉｄａｎｃｅｏｎｃａｎｃｅｒｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓｉｍｐｒｏｖｉｎｇｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｉｖｅａｎｄｐａｌｌｉａｔｉｖｅｃａｒｅｆｏｒａｄｕｌｔｓｗｉｔｈｃａｎｃｅｒ［Ｒ］．Ｌｏｎｄｏｎ：ＮＩＣＥ，２００４．［５］　ＣＨＥＲＮＹＮ，ＦＡＬＬＯＮＭ，ＫＡＡＳＡＳ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｏｘｆｏｒｄｔｅｘｔｂｏｏｋｏｆｐａｌｌｉａｔｉｖｅｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ［Ｍ］．５ｔｈｅｄ．ＮｅｗＹｏｒｋ：Ｏｘｆｏｒｄｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｐｒｅｓｓ，２０１５：５７６０．（收稿日期：２０２０１２１２）专题·安宁缓和医疗专家简介：王玉梅，医学博士，副主任医师，副教授，中国医科大学附属盛京医院宁养病房主任；辽宁省安宁缓和医疗首席专家；中英联合·生命末期品质照护（ＱＥＬＣＡ）认证培训师；２００５年赴苏格兰１０余所专业机构研修学习安宁缓和医疗，２０１１年赴我国台湾地区研修学习安宁疗护；中国老年保健医学研究会缓和医学分会副主委，中国老年医学学会舒缓医疗分会常委，中国医促会姑息治疗与人文关怀分会常委，中国抗癌协会肿瘤心理专委会常委，辽宁省生命关怀协会副理事长兼秘书长，辽宁省心理咨询行业协会芳香疗法专委会副主委，辽宁省营养学会肿瘤营养专委会副主委；主持辽宁省科研课题３项，沈阳市科研课题１项，参编多部安宁缓和医疗教材和专业书籍。

基于PDCA循环的口腔综合治疗台预防性维护在质量管理中的运用

根据小组评分情况的累计百分比，绘制出柏拉图曲线（图 4）。
图2 口腔综合治疗台报修率突高诱因评分表并采取根因分析法，从人、机器、环境与备件、方法等 4 个特征要素绘制出要因分析图，见图 3。
图3 口腔综合治疗台报修率突高要因分析图经过小组集中讨论分析，对所有可能原因的打分情况
图4 口腔综合治疗台报修率突高要因分析柏拉图曲线根据上述柏拉图曲线分析，口腔综合治疗台报修率突高的前 8 项因素包括：① 预防性维护不到位；② 医护人员操作不熟练；③ 培训考核力度不够；④ 供水间停、沉水问题； ⑤ 配件老化、停机时间过久；⑥ 被动维修模式；⑦ 水质偏硬；⑧ 日常保养不够，累计百分比为 12%~80%，这部分因素应属于主要因素；零件破损和临床科室监管不足，累计百分比为 80%~90%，这部分因素应属于次要因素；其他 2 项累计百分比为 96%~100%，这部分因素应属于一般因素。参照柏拉图的“二八法则”[9]，即 80% 的问题是 20% 的原因导致的，为此，分析并着重解决前 8 项主要因素，就可以降低口腔综合治疗台报修率。结合日常临床科室报修情况，以制定更有针对性的预防性维护计划为切入点，同时展开临床科室系列培训计划，预期经过厂商专业的培训指导，临床科室对机器的应知应会有一定的帮助，从而提高口腔综合治疗台的开机时间。 [10] 1.3 具体实施（Do）预防性维护管理与 PDCA 循环是相辅相成的关系。但若不对其监督评估，那么巡检执行效果将停滞不前，针对性发现问题对预防性维护持续改进起到非常重要的
Application of Preventive Maintenance of Comprehensive Dental Treatment Tables Based on PDCA Cycle in Quality Management

综合评价量表在股前外侧皮瓣修复术后疗效评价中的应用

泛应用的皮瓣。皮瓣修复术后疗效评价是冃前临床
卜.较为关注的重点，主要集中于外观、质地、修复效
果等，但缺乏供区、主观满意度等方面的评价;随着
对供区损伤认知的不断提高，皮瓣供区的并发症成
为关注的重点，供区并发症可高达21

因此，如
何客观地评价皮瓣修复疗效，是临床医师面临的课
【A bstract】 Objective Tn explore the effect of self-m ade comprehensive rating scale in the effirary evaluation of anterolateral lliigh flap repair. Method From October 2018 to October 2020. 42 patients underwent anterolateral thigh flap repair in the Ruihua Hos
【关键词】股前外侧皮瓣;综合评价量表; 疗效评价;随访
Application of comprehensive rating scale in the evaluation of efficacy of anterolateral thigh flap repair XIAO Fei-peng, LIU Zhi-jin, LIU Sheng-zhe. JIANG Guo—dong, LYU Wen—tao. JU Ji-hui. (Department o f Hand Surgery, Ruihua Hospital Affiliated o f Soochow University, Suzhou 215104, China) Corresponding author: JU Ji-hui, Email: jjh2006@

外科学英语问答

外科学英语问答Title: Questions and Answers in Surgical English1. What is a surgical incision?A surgical incision is a deliberate cut made through the skin and sometimes deeper tissues during a surgical procedure. It provides access to the underlying structures that need to be manipulated or treated.2. What are the different types of surgical incisions?There are various types of surgical incisions, including: - Midline incision: A straight incision made along the midline of the body, commonly used in abdominal surgeries.- Transverse incision: An incision made horizontally across the body, often used in procedures such as cesarean sections.- Oblique incision: A diagonal incision made at an angle, used in surgeries where better access or cosmesis is desired.- Paramedian incision: An incision made parallel to the midline but not directly on it, providing good access while minimizing damage to muscles.- Pfannenstiel incision: A horizontal incision made just above the pubic hairline, commonly used in gynecological and pelvic surgeries.3. What is hemostasis in surgery?Hemostasis refers to the process of stopping bleeding, either by the body's natural mechanisms or through surgical techniques. It is crucial during surgery to maintain a clear surgical field and prevent excessive blood loss.4. How is hemostasis achieved during surgery?Hemostasis can be achieved through various methods, including:- Direct pressure: Applying pressure to the bleedingvessel to stop the flow of blood.- Ligature: Tying off the bleeding vessel with suture material to occlude it.- Electrocautery: Using electrical current to heat and coagulate blood vessels, effectively sealing them.- Hemostatic agents: Using topical agents such as gelatin sponges or thrombin to promote clotting and stop bleeding.- Vessel sealing devices: Using specialized instruments that simultaneously seal and cut blood vessels during surgery.5. What is anastomosis in surgery?Anastomosis is the surgical joining of two structures, such as blood vessels or bowel segments, to allow for theflow of fluid or passage of contents between them. It is commonly performed in procedures such as vascular surgery and gastrointestinal surgery.6. What are the principles of aseptic technique in surgery?Aseptic technique is essential in surgery to prevent contamination and reduce the risk of surgical site infections. Principles of aseptic technique include:- Hand hygiene: Thorough handwashing and the use of antiseptic solutions before and during procedures.- Sterile attire: Wearing sterile gowns, gloves, masks, and caps to minimize the introduction of microorganisms.- Sterile field: Maintaining a designated sterile area where surgical instruments and supplies are placed and ensuring that only sterile items come into contact with it.- Sterile technique: Handling sterile instruments and supplies using proper aseptic methods, such as avoiding reaching over the sterile field and using sterile drapes to create a barrier.7. What are the common complications of surgery?Common complications of surgery include:- Infection: Surgical site infections can occur due to the introduction of microorganisms during surgery.- Bleeding: Excessive bleeding during or after surgery can lead to complications such as hypovolemic shock.- Pain: Post-operative pain is common and can vary in intensity depending on the type of surgery and individual factors.- Wound dehiscence: The separation of surgical incisions before they have fully healed, which can increase the risk of infection.- Adverse reactions to anesthesia: Anesthesia can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and respiratory depression.- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Formation of blood clots in the deep veins, which can lead to pulmonary embolism if dislodged and travel to the lungs.8. How is post-operative care managed?Post-operative care involves monitoring the patient closely for any signs of complications, managing pain and discomfort, promoting wound healing, and facilitating the patient's recovery. This may include:- Monitoring vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature.- Administering pain medications as needed and providing adequate pain relief.- Changing dressings and monitoring wound sites for signs of infection or dehiscence.- Encouraging early mobilization and physical activity to prevent complications such as DVT and muscle atrophy.- Providing dietary support and ensuring adequate nutrition to support healing.- Educating the patient and their caregivers about signs and symptoms to watch for and when to seek medical attention.9. What is laparoscopic surgery?Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery, involves performing surgical procedures through small incisions using specialized instruments and a camera called a laparoscope. It offers benefits such as reducedpost-operative pain, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery times compared to traditional open surgery.10. What are the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic surgery?Advantages of laparoscopic surgery include:- Smaller incisions: Laparoscopic procedures require smaller incisions, resulting in less scarring and reduced risk of infection.- Faster recovery: Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery typically experience shorter hospital stays and faster return to normal activities.- Reduced pain: Minimally invasive techniques often result in less post-operative pain and discomfort.- Improved visualization: The laparoscope provides a magnified view of the surgical field, allowing for better precision and accuracy during surgery.Disadvantages of laparoscopic surgery include:- Learning curve: Laparoscopic procedures require specialized training and expertise, which may result in longer operating times during the initial learning phase.- Limited tactile feedback: Surgeons may have reduced tactile feedback compared to open surgery, which can make certain tasks more challenging.- Equipment costs: The specialized instruments and equipment used in laparoscopic surgery can be expensive, potentially increasing the overall cost of the procedure.- Not suitable for all patients: Not all patients are candidates for laparoscopic surgery, depending on factors such as the complexity of the procedure and the patient's medical history.These questions and answers provide a comprehensive overview of key concepts in surgical English, covering topics such as surgical incisions, hemostasis, aseptic technique, complications of surgery, post-operative care, and laparoscopic surgery. Understanding these concepts is essential for healthcare professionals involved in surgical practice.。

肿瘤姑息治疗研究进展

肿瘤姑息治疗研究进展彭昕，闻曲*，毛菲，包莹琦【摘要】文章基于2015版肿瘤姑息治疗指南，综述了肿瘤姑息治疗的进展，包括姑息治疗的概述，姑息治疗的首次评估、全面评估和姑息治疗的干预措施，以期促进我国护理姑息治疗的发展。

【关键词】肿瘤；姑息治疗；护理中图分类号：R473.73 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1671-315X （2015）07-0488-03Research progress on oncology palliative care /PENG Xin ，WEN Qu *，MAO Fei ，BAO Ying -qi //Journal of Nursing Administration ，-2015，15（7）：488•Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Center ，Union Hospital ，Tongji Medical College ，Huazhong University of Sci-ence and Technology ，Wuhan 430030，China【Abstract 】Based on the latest published 2015NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology Pallitive Care ，this paper introduced the research progress on palliative care ，which included overview ，the first and overall assessment of palliative care.Besides ，this paper introduced interventions of palliative care ，so as topromote the development of palliative care in China.【Key words 】oncology ；palliative care ；nursing工作单位：430023，武汉市，华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院肿瘤中心乳腺肿瘤放化疗科作者简介：彭昕（1976-），女，湖北武汉人，护士长，主管护师，硕士，主要从事护理管理工作。

美国国立临床诊疗指南数据库介绍

１美国国立临床诊疗指南数据库（ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＧｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅＣｌｅａｒｉｎｇｈｏｕｓｅ，ＮＧＣ）概况[1]ＮＧＣ是由美国卫生健康研究与质量机构（Ａ－ｇｅｎｃｙｆｏｒＨｅａｌｔｈｃａｒｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄＱｕａｌｉｔｙ，ＡＨＲＱ）、美国医学会（ＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎＭｅｄｉｃａｌＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ，ＡＭＡ）和美国卫生健康计划协会（ＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆＨｅａｌｔｈＰｌａｎｓ，ＡＡＨＰ）于１９９８年联合创立的一个提供临床实践指南和相关证据的免费数据库，目前收录有来自全世界３１０个机构发布的２４００余篇指南。

１．１ＮＧＣ的服务内容ＮＧＣ为用户提供涵盖各种医学与健康主题的循证临床实践指南，另外还提供指南的专家点评意见以及相关医学信息。

ＮＧＣ并不直接提供指南的原文，而是提供经过编辑人员对原指南进行分析、归纳后的指南摘要，以便于用户能够迅速、准确地了解指南内容。

ＮＧＣ也提供指南原文的链接以供用户查阅。

１．２数据的更新该数据库每周进行１次更新，主要内容为新增的指南和对现有指南的修订，另外还包括最新的健康资讯、医学进展。

更新的信息将会发布在首页的“本周更新（ＮｅｗＴｈｉｓＷｅｅｋ）”和“公告（Ａｎｎｏｕｎｃｅｍｅｎｔｓ）”上。

如果用户订阅了Ｅ－ｍａｉｌ服务，更新的内容还会以邮件的形式发送到指定的邮箱，每一条信息都附有最近更新的日期。

美国国立临床诊疗指南数据库介绍汪宏包旭（四川大学华西药学院药理教研室，四川成都６１００４１）【摘要】美国国立临床诊疗指南数据库是目前全球具有影响力的临床实践指南数据库之一。

本文通过对其数据库内容、服务方式以及功能特点等信息的介绍和分析，希望为国内广大医药专业人员了解和获取国际最新、最有效的临床实践指南提供参考。

【关键词】美国国立临床治疗指南数据库；临床实践指南；数据库ｄｏｉ：１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１６７２－５４３３．２０１３．０１．０１１An Introduction of the National Guideline Clearinghouse of the USAＷａｎｇＨｏｎｇ，ＢａｏＸｕ（ＰｈａｒｍａｃｏｌｏｇｙＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＷｅｓｔＣｈｉｎａＰｈａｒｍａｃｙＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＳｉｃｈｕａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，ＳｉｃｈｕａｎＣｈｅｎｇｄｕ６１００４１，Ｃｈｉｎａ）ABSTRACTＴｈｅＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＧｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅＣｌｅａｒｉｎｇｈｏｕｓｅ（ＮＧＣ）ｏｆｔｈｅＵＳＡｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｔｉａｌａｎｄｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅｄａｔａｂａｓｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｇｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅｓ（ＣＰＧｓ）ｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ．Ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓ，ｔｈｅｗａｙｏｆｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ，ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓａｎｄｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｉｓｄａｔａｂａｓｅ，ｔｈｉｓａｒｔｉｃｌｅｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｆｏｒｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｍｅｄｉｃａｌａｎｄｐｈａｒｍａｃｅｕｔｉｃａｌｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌｓｗｉｔｈｔｏｌｅａｒｎａｎｄａｃｑｕｉｒｅｔｈｅｌａｔｅｓｔａｎｄｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅＣＰＧｓ．KEY WORDSＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＧｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅＣｌｅａｒｉｎｇｈｏｕｓｅ；ＣｌｉｎｉｃａｌＰｒａｃｔｉｃｅＧｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅｓ；Ｄａｔａｂａｓｅ作者简介：汪宏，女，硕士，助教。

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