2010年12月英语六级全真预测试题及答案

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大学英语六级真题2010年12月_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

大学英语六级真题2010年12月(总分710, 做题时间120分钟)Part I Writing (30 minutes)1.Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My Views on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 目前高校排名相当盛行;2. 对于这种做法人们看法不一;3. 在我看来……My Views on University RankingSSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 142答案:My View on University RankingIn recent years, all kinds of University Ranking Lists can be found on some educational websites, or newspapers. The ranking standards also vary. These lists have great influence on students. They are even becoming the only scale to evaluate the colleges and universities.People hold different views toward this phenomenon. Some believe that these lists help the students a lot, especially for those who will choose their university. While some other protest vigorously. Intheir points, the list is really ridiculous and harmful. In my view, the university ranking may have its own reference values, but its disadvantages overweigh its values.For those university-students-to-be, they are supposed to choose the school according to his or her own situation, but not the so-called Ranking List. What’s more, how about the university students? How do they feel about themselves when they see the ranking? The list may become some intangible shackles for them if their own school ranks poorly.In a nutshell, there is no easy method to rank these universities, but the Ranking, only helps students ignore the essentials, namely, their ninety-nine percent perspiration.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Into the UnknownThe world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope?Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing” back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare.Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage.Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades.The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政) meltdown, public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. John Rothe r, the AARP’s head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers.Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to workfor longer and that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing employers’ choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take up paid work is running low, and the baby-boomers are going grey.In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force as have already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off). Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and it is making a useful difference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing western Europe for about 90%.On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping hands that will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labour forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twice their current size in western Europe’s most youthful countries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that peoplein most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible.To tackle the problem of ageing populations at its root, “old” countries would have to rejuvenate (使年轻) themselves by having more of their own children. A number of them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern urban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women findit hard to combine family and career. They **promise by having just one child.And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will not be the end of the world, at least not for quite a while yet, but the world will slowly become a different place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America and most of those in western European countries will be over 50—and older people turn out to vote in much greater number than younger ones. Academic studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policiesthat specifically benefit them, though if in future there are many more of them they might start doing so.Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majority of them were in touch at least once a week.Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groupsis bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of America’s CSIS, in a thoughtful book called The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security implications.For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more reluctant to commit the few they have to military service. In the decades to 2050, America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in the developed world’s defence effort. Because America’s population will still be growing when that of most other developed countries is shrinking, America will be the only developed country that still matters geopolitically (地缘政治上).Ask me in 2020There is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so the world will have to live with it. But some of the consequences can be alleviated. Many experts now believe that given the right policies, the effects, though grave, need not be catastrophic. Most countries have recognised the need to do something and are beginning to act.But even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work. What is happening now is historically unprecedented. Ronald Lee, director of the Centre on the Economics and Demography of Ageing at the University of California, Berkeley, puts it briefly and clearly: “We don’t really know what population ageing will be like, because nobody has done it yet. “注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2010年12月英语6级真题标准答案(含详细解析)

听力：Part ⅢListening ComprehensionSection A11. What can we infer from the conversation?【答案】A The man is the manager of the apartment building【解析】从对话中看出女士在找apartment building，不是男士。

因此选A。

12. What is the woman eager to know?【答案】B How the pictures will turn out.【解析】女士想知道的是if the shots I took are as good as I thought. 照片是不是和她想的异样好。

这里shots指照片。

turn out指照片拍出来的效果。

因此选B。

13. What does the man mean?【答案】C The suitcase can be fixed in time.【解析】男士说到find a handle后面提到 but that shouldn’t take too long说明不是没有handle可以匹配。

因此排除A,B。

14. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?【答案】B He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather. 【解析】男士说到truck需要operate for long periods of time in very cold temperatures，因此选择选项B。

very cold temperatures对应harsh weather.15. What do we learn about the woman?【答案】A She has made up her mind to resign.【解析】从文中女士强硬的口气I could no longer live with…可以看出她下定决心。

2010年12月大学英语六级全真预测试题三及答案解析

之月大学英语六级级2012年12月大学英语六全真预测试题三及答案解析主编：汤敏2010年12月大学英语六级全真预测试题三及答案解析一、阅读理解第1题：Racket,din clamor,noise.Whatever you want to call it,unwanted sound is America's most widespread nuisance.But noise is more than just a nuisance.It constitutes a real and present danger to people's health.Day and night,at home,at work,and at play,noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress.No one is immune to this stress.Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it,the ear,in fact,never closes and the body still responds—sometimes with extreme tension,as to a strange sound in the night.The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward symptom of the stress building up inside us.Indeed,because irritability is so apparent,legislators have made public annoyance the basis of many noise abatement(消除)programs.The more subtle and more serious health hazards associated with stress caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention.Nevertheless,when we are annoyed or made irritable by noise,we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other things may be happening to us,some of which may be damaging to our health.Of the many health hazards related to noise,hearing loss is the most clearly observable and measurable by health professionals.The other hazards are harder to pin down.For many of us, there may be a risk that exposure to the stress of noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection.The more susceptible among us may experience noise as a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases.Noise that causes annoyance and irritability in healthy persons may have serious consequences for those already ill in mind or body.Noise affects us throughout our lives.For example,there are indications of effects on the unborn child when mothers are exposed to industrial and environmental noise.During infancy and childhood,youngsters exposed to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary amounts of rest.why,then,is there not greater alarm about these dangers?Perhaps it is because the link between noise and many disabilities or diseases has not vet been conclusively demonstrated. Perhaps it is because we tend to dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world.It may also be because we still think of hearing loss as only an occupational hazard.1.The phrase"immune to"(Line3,Para.1)are used to mean________.[A]unaffected by[B]hurt by[C]unlikely to be seen by[D]unknown by2.The author's attitude toward noise would best be described as________.[A]unrealistic[B]traditional[C]concerned[D]hysterical3.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?[A]Noise is a major problem;most people recognize its importance.[B]Although noise can be annoying,it is not a major problem.[C]Noise is a major problem and has not yet been recognized as such.[D]Noise is a major problem about which nothing can be done.4.The author condemns noise essentially because it________.[A]is against the law[B]can make some people irritable[C]is a nuisance[D]is a danger to people's health5.The author would probably consider research about the effects noise has on people to be ________.[A]unimportant[B]impossible[C]a waste of money[D]essential1小题>、【正确答案】：A2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：C4小题>、【正确答案】：D5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：1.A语义题。

2010年12月大学英语六级全真预测试题一及答案解析

之2010年12月大学英语六级全真预测试题一及答案解析2010年12月大学英语六级全真预测试题一及答案解析一、选词填空题第1题：Education is a long process that not only provides us with basic skills such as literacy and numeracy, but is also essential in shaping our future lives. From the moment we enter 1 as small children, and as we progress through primary and secondary education, we are laying the foundation for the life ahead of us. We must2 ourselves to work hard so that we can pass exams and gain the qualifications we will need to3 a good job. We must also acquire 4 life skills so that we can fit in and work with those around us. And of course health education helps us to understand how we can stay 5 and healthy.For most people, this process ends when they are in their mid-to-late teens. For others, however, it is the beginning of a(n)6 of learning. After they finish school, many progress to 7 education where they will learn more useful skills such as computer literacy or basic business management. Others will enroll in a program of 8 education at a university where, with hard work, they will have the opportunity to graduate after three or four years with a well-earned degree. After that, they may work for a while before 9 to study for a higher degree—an M.A., for example, or a PhD. And if they live a long way from a college or university, they might follow a correspondence course using mail and the Internet. In fact, it is 10 due to the proliferation of computers that many people, who have not been near a school for many years, have started to study again and can proudly class themselves as mature students.[A] changing [I] discipline[B] secure [J] fit[C] longer [K] opting[D] kindergarten [L] school[E] higher [M] valuable[F] lifetime [N] heavily[G] deepen [O] further[H] largely【参考答案】：DIBMJFOEKH二、阅读理解第2题：The Food and Drug Administration said on Wednesday that it is trying to track down as many as 386 piglets that may have been genetically engineered and wrongfully sold into the U.S. food supply.The focus of the FDA investigation is on pigs raised by researchers at the University ofIllinois in Urbana Champaign. They engineered the animals with two genes: one is a cow gene that increases milk production in the sow; the other, a synthetic gene, makes the milk easier for piglets to digest. The goal was to raise bigger pigs faster.There has been no evidence that either genetically altered plants or animals actually trigger human illness, but critics warn that potential side effects remain unknown. University officials say their tests showed the piglets were not born with the altered genes, but FDA rules require even the offspring of genetically engineered animals to be destroyed so they won't get into the food supply.The FDA, in a quickly arranged news conference on Wednesday prompted by inquiries by USA TODAY, said the University of Illinois would face possible sanctions and fines for selling the piglets to a livestock broker, who in turn sold them to processing plants.Both the FDA and the university say the pigs that entered the market do not pose a risk to consumers. But the investigation follows action by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in December to fine a Texas company that contaminated 500,000 bushels of soybeans with corn that had been genetically altered to produce a vaccine for pigs.Critics see such cases as evidence of the need for more government oversight of a burgeoning(新兴的)area of scientific research. "This is a small incident, but it's incidents like this that could destroy consumer confidence and export confidence," says Stephanie Childs of the Grocery Manufacturers of America. "We already have Europe shaky on biotech. The countries to which we export are going to look at this."The University of Illinois says it tested the DNA of every piglet eight times to make sure that the animal hadn't inherited the genetic engineering of its mother. Those piglets that did were put back into the study. Those that didn't were sold to the pig broker. "Any pig that was tested negative for the genes since 1999 has been sent off to market," says Charles Zukoski, vice chancellor for research.But FDA deputy commissioner Lester Crawford says that under the terms of the university's agreement with the FDA, the researchers were forbidden to remove the piglets without FDA approval. "The University of Illinois failed to check with FDA to see whether or not the animals could be sold on the open market. And they were not to be used under any circumstance for food."The FDA is responsible for regulating and overseeing transgenic animals because such genetic manipulation is considered an unapproved animal drug.1. The 386 piglets wrongfully sold into food supply are from ________.[A] Europe [B] an American research organization[C] a meat processing plant [D] an animal farm2. The purpose of the transgenic engineering research is to ________.[A] get pigs of larger size in a shorter time[B] make sows produce more milk[C] make cows produce more milk[D] make pigs grow more lean meat3. The 4th paragraph shows that the University of Illinois ________.[A] was criticized by the FDA[B] is in great trouble[C] is required by the FDA to call back the sold piglets[D] may have to pay the penalty4. The FDA declares that the wrongfully sold piglets ________.[A] may have side effects on consumers [B] may be harmful to consumers[C] are safe to consumers [D] may cause human illness5. It can be inferred from this passage that ________.[A] all the offspring have their mothers' genetic engineering[B] part of the offspring have their mothers' genetic engineering[C] none of the offspring have their mothers' genetic engineering[D] half of the offspring have their mothers' genetic engineering1小题>、【正确答案】：B2小题>、【正确答案】：A3小题>、【正确答案】：D4小题>、【正确答案】：C5小题>、【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：1.B 推断题。

2010年12月英语六级真题及答案

2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案详解2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My Views on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 目前高校排名相当盛行;2. 对于这种做法人们看法不一;3. 在我看来……My Views on University RankingPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Into the UnknownThe world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope?Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing” back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noti ced that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare.Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage.Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rushto introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades.The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政) meltdown, public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. John Rother, the AARP’s head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers.Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing employers’ choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take up paid work is running low, and the baby-boomers are going grey.In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force as have already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off). Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and it is making a useful difference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing western Europe for about 90%.On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping hands that will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labour forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twice their current size in western Europe’s most youthful countries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible.To tackle the problem of ageing populations at its root, “old” countries would have to rejuvenate (使年轻) themselves by having more of their own children. A number of them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern urban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child.And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will notbe the end of the world, at least not for quite a while yet, but the world will slowly become a different place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America and most of those in western European countries will be over 50—and older people turn out to vote in much greater number than younger ones. Academic studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policies that specifically benefit them, though if in future there are many more of them they might start doing so.Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majority of them were in touch at least once a week.Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of America’s CSIS, in a thoughtful book called The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security implications.For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more reluctant to commit the few they have to military service. In the decades to 2050, America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in the developed world’s defence effort. Because America’s population will still be growing when that of most other developed countries is shrinking, America will be the only developed country that still matters geopolitically (地缘政治上).Ask me in 2020There is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so the world will have to live with it. But some of the consequences can be alleviated. Many experts now believe that given the right policies, the effects, though grave, need not be catastrophic. Most countries have recognised the need to do something and are beginning to act.But even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work. What is happening now is historically unprecedented. Ronald Lee, director of the Centre on the Economics and Demography of Ageing at the University of California, Berkeley, puts it briefly and clearly: “We don’t really know what population ageing will be like, because nobody has done it yet. “注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2010年12月大学英语六级考试模拟题四

2010年12月英语六级考试预测试题及答案四Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Salary or Interest. Y ou should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 如今的大学毕业生面临的职业选择：兴趣重要还是工资重要2. 你的观点3. 结论Salary or InterestPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-4, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.April Fools' Special: History's HoaxesHappy April Fools' Day. To mark the occasion, National Geographic News has compiled a list of some of the more memorable hoaxes in recent history. They are the lies, darned(可恨的) lies, and whoppers(弥天大谎)that have been perpetrated on the gullible(易受骗的)and unsuspecting to fulfill that age-old desire held by some to put the joke on others.Internet HoaxesThe Internet has given birth to a proliferation(增殖)of hoaxes. E-mail inboxes are bombarded on an almost daily basis with messages warning of terrible computer viruses that cause users to delete benign(良性)chunks of data from their hard drives, or of credit card scams that entice the naive to give all their personal information, including passwords and bank account details, to identity thieves. Other e-mails give rise to wry(歪曲的)chuckles, which is where this list begins.Ban Dihydrogen Monoxide(一氧化二氢)City officials in Aliso Viejo, California, were so concerned about the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide that they scheduled a vote last month on whether to ban foam(泡沫)cups from city-sponsored events after they learned the chemical was used in foam-cup production.Officials called off the vote after learning that dihydrogen monoxide is the scientific term for water."It's embarrassing," city manager David J. Norman told the Associated Press. "We had a paralegal(律师助手)who did bad research."Indeed, the paralegal had fallen victim to an official-looking Web site touting the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide. An e-mail originally authored in 1990 by Eric Lechner, then a graduate student at the University of California, Santa Cruz, claimed that dihydrogen monoxide "is used as an industrial solvent and coolant, and is used in the production of Styrofoam(聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料)."Other dangers pranksters(爱开玩笑的人)associated with the chemical included accelerated corrosion and rusting, severe burns, and death from inhalation.V ersions of the e-mail continue to circulate today, and several Web sites, including that of theCoalition to Ban DHMO, warn, tongue-in-cheek, of water's dangers.Alabama Changes V alue of PiThe April 1998 newsletter put out by New Mexicans for science and Reason contains an article titled "Alabama Legislature Lays Siege to Pi". It was penned by April Holiday of the Associmated Press (sic) and told the story of how the Alabama state legislature voted to change the value of the mathematical constant Pi from 3.14159 to the round number of 3.The ersatz(假的)news story was written by Los Alamos National Laboratory physicist Mark Boslough to parody(滑稽地模仿)legislative and school board attacks on the teaching of evolution in New Mexico.At Boslough's suggestion, Dave Thomas, the president of New Mexicans for science and Reason, posted the article in its entirety to the Internet newsgroup Talk. Origins on April 1. (The newsgroup hosts a lively debate on creation vs. evolution.) Later that evening Thomas posted a full confession to the hoax. He thought he had put all rumors to bed.But to Thomas's surprise, however, several newsgroup readers forwarded the article to friends and posted it on other newsgroups.When Thomas checked in on the story a few weeks later, he was surprised to learn that it had spread like wildfire. The telltale signs of the article's satirical intent, such as the April 1 date and misspelled "Associmated Press" dateline, had been replaced or deleted.Alabama legislators were bombarded with calls protesting the law. The legislators explained that the news was a hoax. There was not and never had been such a law.TV and Newspaper HoaxesBefore the advent of the Internet, and even today, traditional media outlets such as newspapers, radio, and television, have sometimes hoaxed their audiences. The deceptions run the gamut from purported natural disasters to wishful news.Swiss Spaghetti (意大利式细面条) HarvestAlex Boese, curator of the Museum of Hoaxes, a regularly updated Web site that also appeared in book form in November 2002, said one of his favorite hoaxes remains one perpetrated by the British Broadcasting Company.On April 1, 1957, the BBC aired a report on the television news show Panorama about the bumper spaghetti harvest in southern Switzerland.Viewers watched Swiss farmers pull pasta off spaghetti trees as the show's anchor, Richard Dimbleby, attributed the bountiful harvest to the mild winter and the disappearance of the spaghetti weevil.The broadcaster detailed the ins and outs of the life of the spaghetti farmer and anticipated questions about how spaghetti grows on trees. Thousands of people believed the report and called the BBC to inquire about growing their own spaghetti trees, to which the BBC replied, "Place a sprig of spaghetti in a tin of tomato sauce and hope for the best.""It was a great satirical effect about British society," Boese said. "British society really was like that at that time. The British have a tendency to be a bit insulated(绝缘的) and do not know that much about the rest of Europe."Taco Liberty BellOn April 1, 1996, readers in five major U.S. cities opened their newspapers to learn from a full page announcement that the Taco Bell Corporation had purchased the Liberty Bell from the U.S. government. The announcement reported that the company was relocating the historic bellfrom Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Irvine, California. The move, the corporation said in the advertisement, was part of an "effort to help the national debt".Hundreds of other newspapers and television shows ran stories related to the press release on the matter put out by Taco Bell's public relations firm, PainePR. Outraged citizens called the Liberty Bell National Historic Park in Philadelphia to express their disgust. A few hours later the public relations firm released another press announcement stating that the stunt was a hoax.White House press secretary Mike McCurry got into the act when he remarked that the government would also be "selling the Lincoln Memorial to Ford Motor Company and renaming it the Lincoln-Mercury Memorial".Crop CirclesStrange, circular formations began to appear in the fields of southern England in the mid-1970s, bringing busloads of curious onlookers, media representatives, and believers in the paranormal out to the countryside for a look.A sometimes vitriolic(讽刺的)debate on their origins has since ensued(跟着发生), and the curious formations have spread around the world, becoming more and more elaborate as the years go by.Some people consider the crop formations to be the greatest works of modern art to emerge from the 20th century, while others are convinced they are signs of extraterrestrial communications or landing sites of UFOs.The debate rages even today, although in 1991 Doug Bower and Dave Chorley, two elderly men from Wiltshire County, came forward and claimed responsibility for the crop circles that appeared there over the preceding 20 years. The pair made the circles by pushing down nearly ripe crops with a wooden plank suspended from a rope.Moon Landing—a Hoax?Ever since NASA sent astronauts to the moon between 1969 and 1972, skeptics have questioned whether the Apollo missions were real or simply a ploy to one-up(领先)the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The debate resurfaced and reached crescendo levels in February 2001, when For television aired a program called Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon?Guests on the show argued that NASA did not have the technology to land on the moon. Anxious to win the space race, NASA acted out the Apollo program in movie studios, they said. The conspiracy theorists pointed out that the pictures transmitted from the moon do not include stars and that the flag the Americans planted on the moon is waving, even though there is though to be no breeze on the moon.NASA quickly refuted these claims in a series of press releases, stating that any photographer would know it is difficult to capture something very bright and very dim on the same piece of film. Since the photographers wanted to capture the astronauts striding across the lunar surface in their sunlit space suits, the background stars were too faint to see.As for the flag, NASA said that the astronauts were turning it back and forth to get in firmly planted in the lunar soil, which made it wave.1. Some people have the age-old desire to put the joke on others.2. According to the passage, the only form of Internet hoaxes is e-mail hoax.3. Dihydrogen monoxide is a very dangerous chemical, which is often used as an industrial solvent.4. Dihydrogen monoxide can accelerate corrosion and rusting, and cause sever burns andeven death from inhalation.5. The reason why the ersatz news that Alabama changed the value of Pi spread wildly was that ________ forwarded the article to friends and posted it on other newsgroups.6. Traditional media outlets such as ________ may still hoax their audiences nowadays.7. According to Boese, many people believed the report of Swiss spaghetti harvest because the British did not know ________.8. According to a hoax announcement, the Taco Bell Corporation bough the Liberty Bell and moved it to Irvine to help ________.9. The crop circles were thought to be the greatest works of modern art, the signs of ________ or landing sites of UFOs.10. Some people thought that NASA acted out the Apollo program in movie studios partially because the pictures transmitted from the moon do not include ________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.11. [A] She's enjoying the music.[B] The music will keep her awake.[C] The music doesn't bother her.[D] She would prefer a different style of music.12. [A] She will take the subway.[B] She will hurry to the conference.[C] She will skip the conference and go sightseeing[D] She will take a bus.13. [A] She thinks big parties are too impersonal.[B] She would like to invite friends to a big party.[C] She feels she has to spend a lot of money in holding big parties.[D] She would like to be invited to small parties.14. [A] It is quite unexpected.[B] She has already got the news.[C] She has confidence in the man.[D] It is not exciting to learn about it.15. [A] He is not satisfied with the pay.[B] He is not able to enjoy paid holidays.[C] The job is not very challenging for him.[D] There is no hope of promotion.16. [A] He has to change the topic for his composition.[B] He has fallen behind others in English class.[C] He hasn't made up his mind as to what to write about.[D] The book he borrowed will be due tomorrow.17. [A] She is against the man's plan.[B] She thinks it needs a lot of money.[C] They need some time to think about it.[D] It's good for his career development.18. [A] She should present him a book on music.[B] The teacher has some interests other than reading.[C] It's a good idea because the teacher loves reading.[D] The teacher would like to have a book on language teaching.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] He is a professional electrician.[B] He possesses a basic knowledge of electricity.[C] He knows nothing about electricity.[D] Electricity is his major.20. [A] To wire her office. [B] To fix the transformer.[C] To wire her building. [D] To fix the wires.21. [A] The transformer. [B] The battery.[C] The fuses. [D] The wires.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. [A] At a public forum. [B] In an auditorium.[C] On TV. [D] In a classroom.23. [A] Exposing oneself to the target culture.[B] Attending regularly a good language program.[C] Coming up with a study plan.[D] Developing good note-taking skills.24. [A] A realistic goal for learners is to reach a certain level of language proficiency, not native fluency.[B] Students can achieve native-like pronunciation through focused study.[C] Learners should interact with native speakers to gain greater fluency.[D] Teachers need to help students foster a good self-esteem and confidence.25. [A] Remembering as many words as possible.[B] Learning only useful words.[C] Remembering a lot of words a day.[D] Learning to use a few words a day.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some question. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] Food is no longer a basic need for us, while it was for primitive people.[B] We eat a wide variety of food.[C] We no longer eat fruit that primitive people ever ate.[D] We eat more food than primitive people did.27. [A] It is needed to adjust the temperature of our bodies.[B] It is our second need.[C] We need clothing to cover our bodies.[D] Weather is changing all the time.28. [A] The climate. [B] One's social position.[C] The materials available. [D] Family size.29. [A] Human Basic Needs. [B] Material Comfort.[C] Food: Human Basic Need. [D] Basic Necessities of Life.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. [A] The meaning of facial expressions depends on situations.[B] Facial expressions can cause misunderstanding across culture.[C] People from one culture may lack facial expressions because they experience less emotion.[D] Facial expressions may disguise true feelings.31. [A] They smile to cover embarrassment[B] It is an unusual and even suspicious behavior.[C] They smile to show politeness.[D] It is an expression of pleasure.32. [A] We shouldn't judge people by reading their faces.[B] We shouldn't smile in the wrong place.[C] We shouldn't cover our true feelings.[D] We shouldn't express our emotions too openly.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] In 1938. [B] In 1946. [C] In 1955. [D] During World War II.34. [A] It reflects commercial interests.[B] It is a fashionable professional event.[C] It is an essential affair for international cinema.[D] It is more concerned with the art of film than with financial interests.35. [A] It is awarded to the best film of the festival.[B] It was introduced in 1959.[C] It was introduced by a commercial organization.[D] Only American directors have received this award.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Taking your dog on vacation may have been (36) ________ a decade ago, but today it's free.(37) ________ the pet-friendly hotel, where dogs are just part of the family, the LoewsMiami Beach has had more than 1,200 (38) ________ guests so far this year. Dogs, like kids, stay free there.A lot of people just want to travel with their animals, so the hotel (39) ________ guests to come with their pets. The hotel has a special (40) ________ for them from the time they enter the door till the time they leave.There are fresh grapes by the pool for the discerning dog and a cup of ice cubes for the hot dog. And don't forget the special doggie dinner menu. The hotel kitchen (41) ________ to canines as well as their masters. The most popular dog dish is a (42) ________ of beef, vegetables and rice. It's really great. (43) ________, the people food is even better.(44) ________________________. Some of them don't have children, and the dogs may fill that gap for them. (45) ________________________. But what pet wouldn't want to be welcomed back to a welcome meal that includes an all-beef hamburger bone?(46) ________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Wild ducks and other migratory(迁移的) birds could be important carriers of deadly bird flu, researchers say. Even so, the infectious-disease experts say there is no solid basis for killing wild birds to protect poultry and minimize the risk of human infection.The European team investigating the global spread of the H5N1 strain of avian influenza(禽流感)says certain duck species may be infecting wild bird populations. Geese and wading birds are also possible vectors(带菌者)of the virus, the team says.The team's study was led by Björn Olsen of Umea University in Sweden. Olsen runs Europe's largest wild-bird flu monitoring program.Studies have shown that influenza viruses in lake water, generally passed via bird feces(粪), can stay infectious for up to 30 days. The migration or feeding behavior of dabbling ducks could at least partially explain the spread of the H5N1 strain of bird flu, the researchers add.This group of duck species includes mallards, teal, pintails, and others that feed at or near the surface, where viruses in water are most likely to be picked up. Perhaps as a result, dabblers have the highest known rates of avian influenza infection, the study says. For instance, nearly 13 percent of mallards tested positive for bird flu. Other species tested include the American black duck (18.1 percent), blue-winged teal (11.5 percent), and northern pintail (11.2 percent).However, bird flu viruses appear to exist in ducks in a low-pathogenic form, meaning infection doesn't usually lead to severe illness and death."Dabbling ducks are for sure the prime hosts for low pathogenic viruses," said study co-author Ron Fouchier, a virologist at the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, Netherlands. "But the big question is, how much of our knowledge about these viruses can we translate to high-pathogenic viruses such as the H5N1 strain of bird flu?"In poultry avian viruses can mutate(变异)into more virulent influenza strains, including H5N1. If this mutated virus then finds its way back into wild populations, the birds could then spread the disease through migration.Some scientists have argued that wild birds infected with HN51 would be too ill to migrate. Swans, for instance, appear to be particularly vulnerable to the strain. "Swans apparently drop dead quite easily, but they are unlikely to be the vector because they are not going to fly very far if they are dead," Fouchier said.But the study team says that some birds that have been purposely infected for the sake of research show that wild birds can survive H5N1. "For some reason H5N1 has adapted so it no longer kills dabbling ducks," Fouchier said. This means the ducks may be able to spread the virus over a wide area.The study team says migratory geese may also be vectors, because they often graze in huge flocks, a practice that could encourage transmission.Migrating ducks, the researchers add, "could provide an intercontinental bridge" for bird flu to North America, which has not yet had any known cases of H5N1.47. According to the author, what may be the possible carriers of bird flu?48. The main sources of influenza viruses in lake water are ________, which may stay infectious for up to 30 days.49. By saying "bird flu viruses appear to exist in ducks in a low-pathogenic form" (Para. 6), the author suggests that infection ________.50. On what condition can the birds spread the influenza through migration?51. According to the study team, ________ is a practice that can encourage transmission of the bird flu.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Y ou should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.For about three centuries we have been doing science, trying science out, using science for the construction of what we call modern civilization. Every dispensable item of contemporary technology, from canal locks to dial telephones to penicillin, was pieced together from the analysis of data provided by one or another series of scientific experiments. Three hundred years seems a long time for testing a new approach to human inter-living, long enough to set back for critical appraisal of the scientific method, maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go on with it or not. There is an argument.V oices have been raised in protest since the beginning, rising in pitch and violence in the nineteenth century during the early stages of the industrial revolution, summoning urgent crowds into the streets on the issue of nuclear energy. "Give it back," say some of the voices, "It doesn't really work, we've tried it and it doesn't work. Go back three hundred years and start again on something else less chancy for the race of man."The principle discoveries in this century, taking all in all, are the glimpses of the depth of our ignorance of nature. Things that used to seem clear and rational, and matters of absolute certainty-Newtonian mechanics, for example-have slipped through our fingers; and we are left with a new set of gigantic puzzles, cosmic uncertainties, and ambiguities. Some of the laws of physics are amended every few years; some are canceled outright; some undergo revised versionsof legislative intent as if they were acts of Congress.Just thirty years ago we call it a biological revolution when the fantastic geometry of the DNA molecule was exposed to public view and the linear language of genetics was decoded. For a while, things seemed simple and clear: the cell was a neat little machine, a mechanical device ready for taking to pieces and reassembling, like a tiny watch. But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond today's imagining.It is not just that there is more to do, there is everything to do. What lies ahead, or what can lie ahead if the efforts in basic research are continued, is much more than the conquest of human disease or the improvement of agricultural technology or the cultivation of nutrients in the sea. As we learn more about fundamental processes of living things in general we will learn more about ourselves.52. What CANNOT be inferred from the first paragraph?[A] Scientific experiments in the past three hundred years have produced many valuable items.[B] For three hundred years there have been people holding a hostile attitude toward science.[C] Modern civilization depends on science so man supports scientific progress unanimously.[D] Some people think three hundred years is not long enough to set back for critical appraisal of scientific method.53. The principle discovery in this century shows ________.[A] man has overthrown Newton's laws of physics[B] man has solved a new set of gigantic puzzles[C] man has lost many scientific discoveries[D] man has given up some of the once accepted theories54. Now scientists have found in the past few years ________.[A] the exposure of DNA to the public is unnecessary[B] the tiny cell in DNA is a neat little machine[C] man knows nothing about DNA[D] man has much to learn about DNA55. The writer's main purpose in writing the passage is to say that ________.[A] science is just at its beginning[B] science has greatly improved man's life[C] science has made profound progress[D] science has done too little to human beings56. The writer's attitude towards science is ________.[A] critical [B] approving [C] neutral [D] regretfulPassage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Here amid the steel and concrete canyons, green grass grows. A hawthorn tree(山楂树) stands in new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind.But Chicago City Hall here seems an unlikely spot for a garden of any variety—especially 20,000 square feet of gardens—on its roof.As one of a handful of similar projects around the country, the garden is part of a $1.5 million demonstration projected by the city to reduce its "urban heat islands", said William Abolt, thecommissioner of the Department of Environment.Heat islands-dark surfaces in the city, like rooftops-soak up heat. The retention can bake a building, making it stubborn to cooling.The roof of City Hall, a 90-year-old gray stone landmark on LaSalle Street in the heart of downtown, has been known to reach temperature substantially hotter than the actual temperature on the street below.The garden will provide greenery and shade. "And that," said the city officials, "will save the city dollars on those blistering summer days." The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof whose life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.The sprawling open-air rooftop garden is being carefully built on a multi-tiered bed of special soil, polystyrene, egg-carton-shaped cones and "waterproof membrane" mall to keep the roof from leaking, or caving under the normal combined weight of soil, rain and plant life.The design calls for soil depths of 4 inches to 18 inches. When the last plants and seedlings are buried and the last bit of compost is laid, the garden will have circular brick stepping-stones winding up to hills."The primary focus of what we want to do was to establish this laboratory on the top of City Hall to get people involved and understanding their impact on the environment and how the little things can make an impact on the quality of life", Mr. Abolt said, adding that the plants also help to clear the air.Rooftop gardens, in places where concrete jungles have erased plants and trees, are not new, not even in Chicago. Arms of greenery dangling over terraces or sprouting from rooftops, common in Europe, are becoming more so in the United States as people become increasingly conscious about the environment.Richard M. Daley, who urged the environmental department to look into the project after noticing rooftop gardens in Hamburg, Germany a few years ago, has praised the garden as the first of its kind on a public building in the country.It will hold thousands of plants in more than 150 species-wild onion and butterfly weed, sky-blue aster and buffalo grass-to provide data on what species adapt best. Small plants requiring shallow soil depths were chiefly selected.57. The rooftop garden project ________.[A] is common and popular in the country[B] is a demonstration project and costs the city government 1.5 million dollars[C] will make the ordinary cooling down of the city in summer unnecessary[D] aims at getting people involved and understanding their impact on the environment58. What can we learn about the City Hall?[A] It was built ninety years ago and is the most outstanding feature in the center of the city.[B] It is originally proper to build a garden on the top of the City Hall.[C] The temperature on its top is a little bit lower than that on the street below.[D] It is the first building in America to have a garden on it.59. Which of the following statements is TRUE?[A] Every year, Chicago spends about $ 4,000 on cooling the city.[B] The design of the garden on the City Hall specially takes into consideration the weight the roof can stand.[C] The Mayor urged the environmental department to look into rooftop gardens in Hamburg。

2010年12月英语六级答案与解析

2010年12月大学英语六级真题答案（阅读部分）52--61 AADAD BBCDC2010年12月大学英语六级真题答案（完形填空部分）62 B set out set out plans表示制定计划63 C abandoning abandon 放弃，once unshakeable orthodoxy表示曾经不可动摇的做法，也就是现在要放弃了。

64 B with struggle with表示同…斗争，介词搭配，这里表示设法应对广告收入和报纸销售量下降的局面。

65 A intends intend to表示打算…,从后面的at the beginning of 2011，可知还没有这么做，只是计划或者打算这么做。

66 C exceeded 超过，是说当用户每月阅读文章超过一定量时就要收费。

67 C on 和side搭配，on the side of …表示拥护…；站在…一边。

68 B charge 本词在文章中多次出现，charge sb表示向某人收费。

69 B such as 表示举例，从后面举London's Evening Standard作为例子，可知应该选such as.70 B free 前面提到abandon readership revenue，即放弃读者收益，由此可知应该是make print editions free.71 D acknowledged 表示承认，这里表示Arthur Sulzberger承认这么做是一种赌博。

72 C bet 打赌，赌注，从前面的gamble可知应该选bet。

73 A circulation 发行量，从后面的数量可知应该选circulation。

74 A behind NYT排名第三，即排在the Wall Street Journal and USA Today后面。

75 C While while在这里表示对比，从上下文可知NYT与美国其他报纸不同。

【决战2010年12月六级】大学英语六级考试押题试卷(含答案)16

大学六级模拟16Part Ⅰ WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay, entitled Playing Truant. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 现有大学里逃课现象很严重2.你认为产生这种现象的原因是什么3. 怎么才能杜绝这一现象Playing Truant__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________这道题您没有回答答案:[范文]Playing TruantThe current decade has witnessed the prevalence of playing truant on campus. Specifically, it is not surprising to see some schoolboys playing computer games in internet-caféduring class time. Apart from that, it is not uncommon that schoolgirls go shopping regardless of their courses. Clearly, this issue is pressing for our serious consideration.The reasons for skipping class are various, such as the colorful activities of campus, forgetting the time, playing computer games, sleeping and so on. But the chief one, in my viewpoint, is that we think college life is to play and enjoy instead of learning. After three years of hard work in senior high school, many students assume that they can finally relax in college and do not need to study hard any more. Thus they don't take college courses seriously and play truant very frequently.It is no doubt that playing truant is bad for college students. There is an urgent need to stop this kind of phenomenon. On one hand, the school, both the administrators and teachers should prevent students from playing truant. On the other hand, more importantly, we college students should realize its bad effects and start from ourselves to stop playing truant on campus.[解析]本次写作试题要求对“大学逃课现象”展开分析讨论。

2010年12月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(含答案和听力原文)

2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My Views on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 目前高校排名相当盛行;2. 对于这种做法人们看法不一;3. 在我看来……My Views on University RankingPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Into the UnknownThe world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope?Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing” back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happen ing. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare.Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage.Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades.The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政) meltdown, public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. John Rother, the AARP‟s head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers.Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labor force, increasing employers‟ choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take u p paid work is running low, and thebaby-boomers are going grey.In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labor force as have already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off). Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and it is making a useful difference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing Western Europe for about 90%.On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping hands that will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labor forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twice their current size in western Europe‟s most youthful countries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible.To tackle the problem of ageing populations at its root, “old” countries would have to rejuvenate (使年轻) themselves by having more of their own children. A number of them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern urban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child.And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will not be the end of the world, at least not for quite a while yet, but the world will slowly become a different place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America and most of those in western European countries will be over 50—and older people turn out to vote in much greater number than younger ones. Academic studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policies that specifically benefit them, though if in future there are many more of them they might start doing so.Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majority of them were in touch at least once a week.Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of America‟s CSIS, in a thoughtful book called The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security implications.For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more reluctant to commit the few they have to military service. In the decades to 2050, America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in the developed world‟s defense effort. Because America‟s population will still be growing when that of most other developed countries is shrinking, America will be the only developed country that still matters geopolitically (地缘政治上).Ask me in 2020There is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so the world will have to live with it. But some of the consequences can be alleviated. Many experts now believe that given the right policies, the effects, though grave, need not be catastrophic. Most countries have recognized the need to do something and are beginning to act.But even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work. What is happening now is historically unprecedented. Ronald Lee, director of the Centre on the Economics and Demography of Ageing at the University of California, Berkeley, puts it briefly and clearly: “We don‟t really know what population ageing will be like, because nobody has done it yet. “注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

文都英语六级：2010年12月大学英语六级全真预测试题二答案解析

⽂都英语六级：2010年12⽉⼤学英语六级全真预测试题⼆答案解析Part I Writing 【话题分析】⼤学⽣消费是⽬前家长及教育界⽐较关注的问题，它所反应的不仅仅是花钱这⼀表⾯现象，⽽是隐藏在这⼀现象之后的⼤学⽣的价值观、⾦钱观等思想层⾯的问题。

【范⽂解析】 Nowadays the campus students seem to have no idea of how money comes from, and not to care about their expenditure. They buy whatever they like for themselves, also for their friends, paying no attention to how much these things cost。

Some people say that it is not a problem for college students to spend much. After all, the society is progressing and the life is being enriched. With the living standard being raised, it is reasonable to improve the expenditure of students. There is nothing to blame。

For me, it is not just a habit of spending more money; it is a reflection of students' outlook on money and value. The students get money from their parents so easily that they have no idea of earning money with their hard work and effort, thus developing an awareness that they want to get things but are unwilling to work hard for their goal. Definitely, that is harmful. The campus students can improve their lives, but with the money earned by themselves。

2010年12月英语六级模拟试题及答案1

2010年12月英语六级模拟试题及答案PartⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes) Main Energies for the BodyA balanced diet is one that provides an adequate intake of energy and nutrients for maintenance of the body and therefore good health. A diet can easily be adequate for normal bodily functioning, yet may not be a balanced diet.CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are a rapid source of energy, they are the body's fuel. The bulk of a balanced diet should be made from carbohydrates. If eaten in an excess of the dietary requirements carbohydrates are easily stored as fats in the cells, although carbohydrate is the first source of energy in the body. An average adult requires about 12,000kJ of energy a day, most of this is supplied by the respiration of carbohydrates in the cells.Carbohydrates are used principally as a respiratory substrates, i.e. to be oxidized to release energy for active transport, macromolecule synthesis, cell division and muscle contraction. Carbohydrates are digested in the duodenum and ileum and absorbed as glucose into cells. Sources of carbohydrates such as starch are rice, potatoes, wheat and other cereals. Sugars are also carbohydrates, sources of sugars are refined sugar - sucrose, which is a food sweetener and preservative and fruit sugars - fructose. If the diet lacks carbohydrate stores of fat are mobilized and used as an energy source.ProteinsProtein is not a direct source of energy in the body, it is used primarily for growth and repair of body tissues while remaining an energy source as a last resort. Proteins fulfill a wide variety of roles in the body. They are broken down in the stomach and intestines to amino acids which are then absorbed. The body can only form 8 amino acids to build proteins from, the diet must provide Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) which are synthesized into proteins which can be structural, i.e. collagen in bone, keratin in hair, myosin and actin in muscle; metabolic enzymes, hemoglobin, protective antibodies and communicative hormones.Sources of protein include meat, fish, eggs and pulses. The diet needs to provide 8 EAAs as the body is unable to synthesis proteins without these molecules. 2 other amino acids are synthesized from EAAs so if the diet lacks the original EAAs these other two will not be present either. Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine and methionine is converted to cysteine. Cells draw upon a pool of amino acids for protein synthesis which either come from dietary protein digested and absorbed in the gut and the breakdown of body protein such as muscle. However, unlike fats and carbohydrates there is no store of amino acids for cells to draw on, any amino acid in excess of immediate bodily requirements is broken down into urea and excreted. It is therefore important to maintain the dietary intake of protein everyday. If the body lacks protein, muscle wasting occurs as muscle is broken down.If protein is lacked in a diet a person develops kwashiorkor which is causedwhen high levels of carbohydrates are eaten to overcome the lack of protein in the diet. One symptom of kwashiorkor is the abnormal collection of fluid around the abdomen due to the lack of protein in the blood. The body cannot retain water by osmosis and fluid accumulates in tissues causing them to become waterlogged.Vitamin CategoriesVitamins cannot be synthesized by the body so must be supplied by diet. Vitamins have no common structure or function but are essential in small amounts for the body to be able to utilize other dietary components efficiently.Vitamins fall into two categories, fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and K which are ingested with fatty foods and water soluble vitamins such as the B group vitamins and vitamin C. Vitamins are known as micronutrients because only small quantities are required for a healthy diet, in fact fat soluble vitamins can be toxic in high concentrations, for example the body stores vitamin A, or retinol, in the liver as it is toxic if kept in high concentrations in the blood stream, a dose of more than 3300mg of vitamin A can be considered toxic. Water soluble vitamins such as vitamin C and B groups vitamins can be excreted in the urine if in excess in the diet.Vitamins AVitamin A is essential to the proper functioning of the retina in the eye and the epithelial tissues. A lack of vitamin A results in dry, rough skin, inflammation of the eyes, a drying or scarring of the cornea - xerophthalmia, which occurs when the secretion of lubricating tears is stopped, the eyelids become swollen and sticky with pus. Mucous surfaces of the eye may become eroded allowing infection to set in, leading to ulceration and destruction of the cornea. Night blindness - an inability to see in dim light can also occur. Rod cells in the retina of the eye detect light of low intensity, they convert vitamin A into a pigment, rhodopsin, which is bleached when light enters the eye. Rod cells resynthesis rhodopsin, but if there is a deficiency of the vitamin, rod cells can no longer function and the result is night blindness. Epithelial cells use retinol to make retinoic acid, an intracellular messenger used in cell differentiation and growth. Without retinoic acid epithelial cells are not maintained properly and the body becomes susceptible to infections, particularly measles and infections of the respiratory system and gut.Xenophthalmia is common among children who's diets consist of mainly cereals with little meat or fresh vegetables, this is common in Indonesia, Bangladesh, India and the Philippines.Vitamins DVitamin D, or calciferol, is another fat soluble steroid vitamin which functions to stimulate calcium uptake from the gut and its deposition in bone. vitamin D acts as a hormone when converted by enzymes in the gut and liver into an active form of "active vitamin D", which stimulates epithelial cells in the intestine to absorb calcium. vitamin D is therefore essential in growing children's diets to enable the growth of strong bones. Without adequateamounts of vitamin D children can develop rickets, which is the deformation of the legs caused when they lack calcium to strengthen the bones. In adults a lack of vitamin D in the diet can lead to osteomalacia, a progressive softening of the bones which can make them highly susceptible to fracture.Vitamin D is made by the body when exposed to sunlight and is stored in the muscles, however, if the skin is rarely exposed to the sunlight or is dark little vitamin D is produced. Foods such as eggs and oily fish are all rich in vitamin D.Vitamins KVitamin K, phylloquinone, is found in dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale. It is a fat soluble vitamin which is involved in the clotting process of blood. In the intestines bacteria synthesize a number of important clotting factors which need vitamin K. Without vitamin K cuts can fail to heal and internal bleeding can occur.Vitamins CVitamin C is a water soluble vitamin, known chemically as ascorbic acid. It is found in citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons, and also in potatoes and tomatoes. The main function of vitamin C is the formation of connective tissues such as collagen. It is also known to be an antioxidant which helps to remove toxins and aids the immune system. A lack of vitamin C leads to Scurvy, a condition experienced by sailors on long journeys when they did not have fruit in their diets. Scurvy causes painful, bleeding gums. As vitamin C is water soluble, it is not toxic in high doses as it can be excreted in the urine, very high doses can however cause diarrhea.Vitamins BB group vitamins have a wide range of roles acting as co-enzymes in metabolic pathways. They are found in most plant and animal tissues involved in metabolism, therefore foods such as liver, yeast and dairy products are all rich in B group vitamins. Deficiency of B group vitamins include dermatitis, fatigue and malformation of red blood cells.1. An adult needs about 12,000kJ of energy a day from ________.A. the cellB. the respiring process of carbohydratesC. fats in the cellD. a balanced diet2. Carbohydrates are ultimately absorbed into cells in the process of _______.A. digestionB. respirationC. oxidizationD. mobilization3. The Essential Amino Acids which build part of proteins can be obtained from______.A. stomachB. body tissuesC. the bodyD. the diet4. The ultimate cause of kwashiorkor is lack of ________.A. proteinB. carbohydratesC. vitaminsD. diet5. Vitamins are called “micronutrients” in that _________.A. excessive fat soluble vitamins can be excreted in the urineB. the body only requires small amount of vitaminsC. a dose of 3300mg of vitamins can be considered toxicD. the high concentrations of water soluble vitamins are toxic6. Night blindness is a disease normally caused by lack of __________.A. fat soluble vitaminsB. water soluble vitaminsC. vitamin AD. innate disability7. The main function of vitamin D is to prevent adults from ________.A. the growth of strong bonesB. fractureC. a progressive softening of the bonesD. calcium uptake from the gut8. Although the human body produces vitamin D normally, it fails to do so if there is not enough ______________.9. The reason why vitamin C is seen as an antioxidant is that it drives __________ out of the body.10. If you are in lack of B group vitamins, you should turn to _______________.Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section，there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.For most people, shopping is still a matter of wandering down the high street or loading a cart in a shopping mall. Soon, that will change. Electronic commerce is growing fast and will soon bring people more choices. There will, however, be a cost: protecting the consumer from fraud will be harder. Many governments therefore want to extend highstreet regulations to the electronic world. But politicians would be wiser to see cyberspace as a basis for a new era of corporate self-regulation.Consumers in rich countries have grown used to the idea that the government takes responsibility for everything from the stability of the banks to the safety of the drugs, or their rights to refund(退款) when goods are faulty. Butgovernments cannot enforce national laws on businesses whose only presence in their country is on the screen. Other countries have regulators, but the rules of consumer protection differ, as does enforcement. Even where a clear right to compensation exists, the online catalogue customer in Tokyo, say, can hardly go to New York to extract a refund for a dud purchase.One answer is for governments to cooperate more: to recognize each other’s rules. But that requires years of work and volumes of detailed rules. And plenty of countries have rules too fanciful for sober states to accept. There is, however, an altern ative. Let the electronic businesses do the “regulation” themselves. They do, after all, have a self-interest in doing so.In electronic commerce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset. Governments, too, may compete to be trusted. For instance, customers ordering medicines online may prefer to buy from the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration; or they may decide that the FDA’s rules are too strict, and buy from Switzerla nd instead.Consumers will need to use their judgment. But precisely because the technology is new, electronic shoppers are likely for a while to be a lot more cautious than consumers of the normal sort---and the new technology will also make it easier for them to complain noisily when a company lets them down. In this way, at least, the advent of cyberspace may argue for fewer consumer protection laws, not more.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2010年12月英语六级真题及详细答案解析【完整版】[1]

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2010年12月英语六级考试(CET6)预测试卷(1)-中大网校

2010年12月英语六级考试(CET6)预测试卷(1)总分：710分及格：426分考试时间：140分Part I Writing(1)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled A Harmonious Society in My Mind. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 建立和谐社会成为了一种潮流和趋势2. 我心中的和谐社会是….3. 为了建立和谐社会，我们应该如何去做？A Harmonious Society in My MindPart II  Reading Comprehension快速阅读  单选题(1)Entertainment in LondonBuying BooksLondoners are great readers. They buy vast numbers of newspapers and magazines and even of books especially paperbacks, which are still comparatively cheap in spite of ever-increasing rises in the costs of printing. They still continue to buy "proper" books, too, printed on good paper and bound between hard covers.There are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in book-selling. Perhaps the best known of these is Charing Cross Road in the very heart of London. Here bookshops of all sorts and sizes are to be found, from the celebrated one which boasts of being "the biggest bookshop in the world" to the tiny, dusty little places which seem to have been left over from Dickens' time. Many of them specialize in second-hand books, in art books, in foreign books, in books of philosophy, politics or any other of the various subjects about which books may be written. One shop in this area specializes solely in books about ballet!Although it may be the most convenient place for Londoners to buy books, Charing Cross Road is not the cheapest. For the really cheap second-hand volumes, the collector must venture off the busy and crowded roads, to Farringdon Road in the East Central district of London. Here there is nothing so grand as bookshops. Instead, the booksellers come along each morning and tip out their sacks of books on to barrows(推车) which line the gutters(贫民区). And the collectors, some professional and some amateur, who have been waiting for them, pounce towards the sellers. In places like this one can still, occasionally, pick up for a few pence an old volume that may be worth many pounds.Both Charing Cross Road and Farringdon Road are well-known places of the book buyer. Yet all over London there are bookshops, in places not so well known, where the books are equally varied and exciting. It is in the sympathetic atmosphere of such shops that the loyal book buyer feels most at home. In these shops, even the life-long book-browser is frequently rewarded by the accidental discovery of previously unknown delights. One could, in fact, easily spend a lifetime exploring London's bookshops. There are many less pleasant ways of spending time!Going to the TheatreLondon is very rich in theatres: there are over forty in the West End alone--more than enough to ensure that there will always be at least two or three shows running to suit every kind taste, whether serious or lighthearted.Some of them are specialist theatres. The Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, where the great opera singers of the world can be heard, is the home ofopera and the Royal Ballet. The London Coliseum now houses the English National Opera Company, which encourages English singers in particular and performs most operas in English at popular prices.Some theatres concentrate on the classics and serious drama, some on light comedy, some on musicals. Most theatres have a personality of their own, from(2)Chafing Cross Road is very famous because______.A. all kinds of bookstores are along the streetsB. it lies right in the center of LondonC. they have the cheapest books in LondonD. the biggest bookstore in the world is there(3)What can you learn about Farringdon Road?A. It's to the east of LondoB. It's a street of bookstoreC. It's a center for second-hand bookD. It's where worthless books are sol(4)What does the author mean by saying "some of them are specialist theatres"?A. Those theatres only have operas showB. The theatres are especially good for their ballet showC. These theatres offer really affordable ticketD. They each hold a special type of play or show(5)Because of the theatre performances, the area around Piccadilly and Leicester Square tube stations gets crowded______.A. before seven-thirtyB. between seven and eightC. at about eight o'clockD. from seven-fifteen to eight(6)What kind of change did World War I1 bring to the theatres?A. The putting forward of dinnerB. The costume of the performanceC. The time of the performanceD. The restaurants nearly offer different food(7)What, according to the author, caused the decline of theatre business?A. There are not professional theatres in large provincial townB. During World War Ⅱ, a lot of theatres were destroyeC. Some people begin to choose stay at home and watch TD. The performance of the plays is becoming worse and wors快速阅读填空题(1)According to the author, three music lovers of the royal family members are ________________________(2)The British love of music is not known to foreigners for__________________.(3)The courses offered by summer school in music where a friendly atmosphere reigns last ________________________Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)听力选择题(1)A. Go to the partieB. Go for a ridC. Study for her exaD. Change her clothe(2)A. The air pollution is caused by the development of industrB. The city was poor because there wasn't much industrC. The woman's exaggerating the seriousness of the pollutioD. He might move to another city very soo(3)A. He believes dancing is enjoyablB. He definitely does not like dancinC. He admires those who dancD. He won't dance until he has done his wor(4)A. He admires Jean's straightforwardnesB. He thinks Brown deserves the praisC. He will talk to Jean about what happeneD. He believes Jean was rude to Brow(5)A. The woman had been planning for the conferencB. The woman called the man but the line was busC. The woman didn't come back until midnighD. The woman had guests all evenin(6)A. He shows great enthusiasm for his studieB. He is a very versatile persoC. He has no talent for tenniD. He does not study hard enoug(7)A. He has managed to sell a number of carB. He is contented with his current positioC. He might get fireD. He has lost his jo(8)A. Jerry stayed in a room on the third floor for an houB. Jerry was absent when the discussion was being helC. Nobody but the woman noticed that Jerry was absenD. Jerry did not leave room 405 until an hour had passe(9)A. To provide language learning opportunitieB. To teach students how to be expert in computeC. To provide work opportunities for graduating students in the communitD. To help students pass math exa(10)A. English grammaB. English literaturC. Intercultural communicatioD. Mathematics clas(11)A. By May 29tB. By June 29tC. By July 29tD. By April 29t(12)A. Video and online gamB. Hazards of a high-tech societC. Relationships on campuD. Internet addictio(13)A. Because they lack self-discipline in their studieB. Because they spend too much time on the InterneC. Because they have not exerted their utmost effortD. Because they have developed poor relationships with teacher(14)A. The impulse to go online begins to affect other areas of lifB. One begins to feel anxious or depressed or lonely if onlinC. One isn't looking forward to being connected with other people onlinD. One is likely to be violent or crazy or aggressive if not onlin(15)A. To have some sort of balance in lifB. To keep off the Internet completelC. To develop some sort of healthy recreatioD. To have a face-to-face talk with a psychiatris(16)A. Diamond-producing rivers are located far away the mountain sidB. Diamonds can be formed without volcano heat and pressurC. V olcano explosions brought some diamonds up to the earth surfacD. Explosions of the volcano can damage diamonds as wel(17)A. In the volcanoeB. On the floor of the seC. Under the river beD. At the foot of the mountai(18)A. How Diamond is Formed and FounB. Diamond—A Precious StonC. Diamond HuntinD. Diamond—Producing Countrie(19)A. How people fall ilB. The influence of people's emotions on their healtC. A new method to cure breast canceD. Several ways to keep fi(20)A. Because he was of ill healtB. Because he was in a bad mooC. Because his wife abandoned hiD. Because his immune system was not strong enoug(21)A. Those who like talking about cheerful things live longeB. Those who avoid talking about cheerful things die sooneC. Those who like talking about their disease live longeD. Those who avoid talking about their illness live longe(22)A. Selling home furnishinB. Renting furnished apartmenC. Selling used furniturD. Renting home furnishin(23)A. Because the furniture they get in this way is better in qualitB. Because it saves them a lot of moneC. Because it saves them much trouble and moneD. Because they can get better quality furniture in this wa(24)A. The idea of renting furniture is not acceptablB. Renting furniture is not popular in the couple's home towC. Only those who don't have enough money want to rent furniturD. People usually grow to like the furniture they have rente(25)A. Rent or Buy?B. A New Way of Getting Home FurnishinC. Furnished ApartmenD. A New Ide听力填空题(1)People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a 36 from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the 37 or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by 38 and error. However, when all these 39 fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six 40 in analyzing a problem.First, the person must 41 that there is a problem. For example, Sam's bicycle is 42 , and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle. Next, the thinker must 43 the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, 44 _______________ He must take his problem more specific.45 _____________________________________. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. 46 _____________________________________________. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.(2)请在(37)处填上最佳答案.(3)请在(38)处填上最佳答案.(4)请在(39)处填上最佳答案.(5)请在(40)处填上最佳答案.(6)请在(41)处填上最佳答案.(7)请在(42)处填上最佳答案.(8)请在(43)处填上最佳答案.(9)请在(44)处填上最佳答案.(10)请在(45)处填上最佳答案.(11)请在(46)处填上最佳答案.Part III Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）仔细阅读   填空题(1)Addison Heard uses an image of his wife and infant son for the background on his laptop. An MBA student at the University of Virginia's Darden School of Business, Heard thinks about his family constantly. But because he's away at B-school, he has experienced much of his son's first year via phone calls and digital photos. Says Heard, "It has been particularly hard, not being there with them every day. "This was his family's choice. It didn't make financial sense for his wife, Eden, a corporate lawyer in Washington, to quit her job, sell their condo(公寓), and move to Charlotterville with her husband. So he went alone. In his first Year each spouse made the 200-mile round-trip commute on alternate weekends. Since their son was born last May, Addison has been doing most of the driving.As complicated as the Heard's situation seems, it isn't all that rare. In any year, hundreds of couples deal with how to handle the family logistics(后勤工作) of going to B-school. Some choose a long-distance relationship, commuting back and forth on weekends and breaks. Others see partners and children only on vacations and holidays. Still others pack up the family and bring them along.Being apart hasn't been easy, but the Heards have made it work. On weekends when the couple is in Virginia, they attend social events, so she can feel a partof the community. Heard also avoids Friday classes to gain more family time. "We've gotten into a routine that works," he says, "but I'm looking forward to being home, so the three of us can be a family. "Any long-distance commute puts pressure on a relationship, causing some couples to drift apart. Being thrown in a rigorous academic schedule for one spouse and a demanding career for the other, the stress intensifies, often distracting students from their studies.Some schools offer students in these situations a good deal of support. For faraway spouses, there are on-campus social events when they visit, online communities, even involvement in alumni networks in their home cities. But mainly B-schools try to make it easier for students to take their partners along for the ride. They help families find housing, preschools, or local employment.The decision to attend a distant B-school is fraught(伴随着的) with financial and logistical problems. Students also must decide if their families should stay or go. Either way, schools try to accommodate them. "We have more than ourselves to think about," an MBA student, Cory Hricik says. "It's a family-influenced choice. "(2)Before his son was born, in order to meet each other, Addison made the 200-mile round-trip commute_______________.(3)The way that Addison continues his study will make the other____________________.(4)Some B-schools will make it easier for students to ______________________.(5)According to Hrncirik's remarks, the pursuit of MBA degree is ______________________.仔细阅读  选择题(1)There he was America's first President with a MBA, the man who loves to boast about his business background, whose presidential campaign raised unprecedented sums from corporate wallets and whose cabinet is stuffed with chief executives. Faith in the integrity of American business leaders was being undermined(破坏), George Bush said fiercely, by executives "breaching trust and abusing power". It was time for "a new ethic of personal responsibility in the business community". He was going to "end the days of cooking the books, shading the truth and breaking our laws".Only months ago, the idea that George W Bush would publicly lambaste America's cooperate bosses was laughable. As a candidate, born on the wave of a decade-long economic boom and an unprecedented 18-year bull market, he cashed in on American's love affair with corporate success. But things are different now. The stock market bubble has burst and, despite signs of economic recovery. Wall Street seems to be sunk in gloom. A string of scandals at some of America's most high-flying firms--including Enron, Xerox. Tyco, Global Crossing and most recently, World Com¬¬has radically changed the public mood.As political pressure for reform increases, so too does the heat on Mr Bush. Is the businessman's president reallyprepared to take business on and push hard for reform? Despite the set jaw and aggrieved tone in New York. Probably not. Mr. Bush thinks the current crisis stems from a few bad-apple chief executives rather than the system as a whole. Hence he focus on tough penalties for corrupt businessmen and his plea for higher ethical standards. The president announced the creation of a financial-crimes SWAT team, at the Justice Department to root out corporate fraud, and wants to double the maximum prison sentence for financial fraud from five to ten years. But he offered few concrete suggestions for systemic reform: little mention of changes to strengthen shareholders' rights, not even an endorsement of the Senate corporate-reform bill.There are few signs yet that cleaning up corporate America is an issue that animates the voters. Polls show that Americans have little faith in their business leaders, but politicians do not seem to be suffering as a result. Mr. Bush's approval ratings have fallen from their sky-highs, but they are still very strong.The president, therefore, need do no more than talk tough. This alone will convince ordinary Americans that he is on top of the issue. As the economy rebounds and public outage subsides, the clamor for change will be quieter. Democratic attacks will fizzle, and far-reaching reform bills will be watered down before they become law. Politically, the gamble makes sense. Unfortunately for American capitalism, a great opportunity will be missed.(2)According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Bush had to offer concrete suggestions for reform as political pressure increaseB. At present, the maximum prison sentence for financial fraud is five yearC. It is laughable that M Bush publicly attacked America's corporate bossesD. Americans have little faith in their business as well as political leaders(3)Which of the following statements about Mr. Bush is mentioned in this passage?A. M Bush is the second President with an MBA in American historyB. M Bush contributes a lot to decade-long economic boomC. M Bush's approval ratings are still highD. M Bush didn't get support in his presidential campaign(4)The author's attitude towards the reform is______.A. indifferentB. optimisticC. skepticalD. favorable(5)The phrase "a great opportunity" mentioned in the last paragraph refers to an opportunity to______.A. carry out reformB. boom economyC. animate the votersD. attack chief executive(6)In recent decades, there is a phenomenon which makes us give some attention; the so-called Southeast Asian "tigers" have rivaled the western "lions" for stock cliches that make economic headlines. The myth of American economic hegemony(霸权) over Asia in the imposing and patriarchal figure of Uncle Sam has provided frequent political grist (有利) for Southeast Asian political leaders, particularly Malaysia's Prime Minister Mahathir. He has attempted to forge an international reputation as a snarling tiger, but lately sounds more like a barnyard dog groaning at shadows. Without demeaning in any way the remarkable achievements of the newly developing economies of Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia, these nations at times appear to be their own worst enemies. This is often exemplified by Dr. Mahathir, who rails at Western evil whenever an international or domestic crisis provides an opportunity.To be more specific, the recent devaluation of the Philippine and Thai currencies, and the subsequent pressure on the Malaysian currency has inspired Dr. Mahathir to launch an all-out attack on the West as the source of the problem. He even alleges that the United States has deli-berately destabilized Southeast Asian economies in revenge for these nations, supporting the brutal military rule in Mahathir, an action which the United States seems to want inspected rather than rewarded. But by resorting to such scapegoat (替罪羊), instead of accepting even a bit responsibility, the Prime Minister may undermine the future success of the region and Malaysia in particular.Upon further questioning, Dr. Mahathir narrowed his attack to one wealthy individual, the well-known philanthropist (慈善家), Mr. George Soros, whose opposition to Myanmar's admission to ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Mahathir found particularity, irritating. The logical mistakes that underlie such conspiracy theories do not help Malaysia address the serious issues of economic overheating that experts have been warning about for all these difficult periods, which include large deficits and low savings to debt ratios. In fact, the recent dramatic drop in Malaysia's stock market and currency has led Dr. Mahathir to reverse his initial approach to the crisis. He even announces measures that at least imply he is quite aware of excesses in his own administration's spending policies that have contributed to this crisis of confidence. In the end, this kind of reaction undermines the esteem that Dr. Mahathir's enlightened leadership has justly earned.It is implied in the first paragraph that Dr. Mahathir______.A. has correctly identified the financial problem in AsiaB. tries to manipulate anti-Western actions for political gainsC. detests the USA's controlling over the regional economiesD. believes in the effect of the ghostly influence from the west(7)The author of this essay seems to suggest that______.A. the devaluation of Malaysia's currency is due to the American plotB. the Asian Crisis is the result of ASEAN pandering to terrorist governmentsC. there is not a serious economic problems in Southeast Asia at allD. the economic problems in some Asian countries is partly the result of their overheating economy(8)The author suggests the Dr. Mahathir's comments on the currency problems______.A. prove that he has been a poor leader in generalB. are poor because they weaken his own credibilityC. are sharp in identifying the cause of the problemD. reveal his keen insight into the complex issue(9)Which of the following is the tone of this essay?A. Sarcastic and prejudiceB. Objective and detachedC. Piercing and indifferentD. Impassive and hostile(10)The relative pronoun "which" in the last paragraph (Line 5) refers to______.A. theoriesB. expertsC. periodsD. issuesPart V CLOZE(1)Though it is a mere one third of the population, the upper class makes up at least 25 percent of the nation’s wealth. This class has two parts: upper-upper and lower-upper. 62 , the upper-upper class is the “old rich” — families that have been wealthy for several generations — a nobility of 63 and wealth. A few are known across the nation, such as the Rockefellers, and the Vanderbilts. Most are not 64 to the general public. They have no 65 to the rest of the community, 66 their income from the investment of their inherited wealth. By 67 , the lower-upper class is the “new rich”. 68 they may be wealthier than some of the old rich, the new rich have been 69 to make their money like 70 else beneath their class. 71 their status is generally 72 than that of the old rich, who have not found it necessary to lift a finger to make their money, and who 73 to look down upon the new rich. However its wealth is 74 , the upper class is very rich. They have enough money and leisure time to __75 an interest in the arts and to 76 rare books and paintings. They generally live in exclusive areas, belong to exclusive social clubs, communicate with each other, and marry their own kind, all of which keeps them so 77 from the masses that they have been called the out-of- sight class. More than any other class, they tend to be 78 of being members of a class. They also 79 an enormous amount of power and influence here and abroad, as they _ 80 many top government positions. Their actions 81 the lives of millions.请在(62)处填上最佳答案.A. ConsequentlyB. AccordinglyC. RegularlyD. Basically(2)请在(63)处填上最佳答案.A. beginningB. birthC. infancyD. foundation(3)请在(64)处填上最佳答案.A. visibleB. noticeableC. obviousD. apparent(4)请在(65)处填上最佳答案.A. contactB. associationC. communicationD. relation(5)请在(66)处填上最佳答案.A. pullingB. abstractingC. drawingD. making(6)请在(67)处填上最佳答案.A. comparisonB. contrastC. contraryD. difference(7)请在(68)处填上最佳答案.A. AlthoughB. BecauseC. ThereforeD. However(8)请在(69)处填上最佳答案.A. greedyB. indifferentC. sympatheticD. depressed(9)请在(70)处填上最佳答案.A. nobodyB. everybodyC. somebodyD. anybody(10)请在(71)处填上最佳答案.A. ThenB. ButC. ThusD. Whereas(11)请在(72)处填上最佳答案.A. superiorB. inferiorC. higherD. lower(12)请在(73)处填上最佳答案.A. wantB. selectC. hateD. tend(13)请在(74)处填上最佳答案.A. retainedB. benefitedC. acquiredD. rewarded(14)请在(75)处填上最佳答案.A. reproduceC. cultivateD. rear(15)请在(76)处填上最佳答案.A. collectB. gatherC. assembleD. accumulate(16)请在(77)处填上最佳答案.A. distantB. farC. separateD. remote(17)请在(78)处填上最佳答案.A. doubtfulB. consciousC. sensitiveD. sensible(18)请在(79)处填上最佳答案.A. demandB. controlC. directD. command(19)请在(80)处填上最佳答案.A. seizeB. abuseC. holdD. sustain(20)请在(81)处填上最佳答案.A. attractB. affectC. effectPart VI Translation （5 minutes）(1)He did very well in his exams,_________________________(考虑到他学的很少).(2)Beijing has announced that________________________(在任何情况下，中国将不首先使用核武器).(3)A few people seek refuge from reading,________________________(但如果这样做，就失去了读书的全部意义)(4)The global economy boomed in the 1960s,_______________________(以年均5.5%的速度增长).(5)After his long talk with his father,____________________________(他的脸上很快就又露出自信的神情).答案和解析Part I Writing(1) :【话题分析】和谐社会是目前中国建设的目标之一，是比较热门的社会话题。

2010年12月英语六级真题答案及详解(完整版)

2010年12月英语六级试题答案(完整版)Part ⅠWritingMy View on University RankingIn recent years, all kinds of University Ranking Lists can be found on some educational websites, or newspapers. The ranking standards also vary. These lists have great influence on students. They are even becoming the only scale to evaluate the colleges and universities.People hold different views toward this phenomenon. Some believe that these lists help the students a lot, especially for those who will choose their university. While some other protest vigorously. In their points, the list is really ridiculous and harmful. In my view, the university ranking may have its own reference values, but its disadvantages overweigh its values.For those university-students-to-be, they are supposed to choose the school according to his or her own situation, but not the so-called Ranking List. What’s more, how about the university students? How do they feel about themselves when they see the ranking? The list may become some intangible shackles for them if their own school ranks poorly.In a nutshell, there is no easy method to rank these universities, but the Ranking, only helps students ignore the essentials, namely, their ninety-nine percent perspiration.此次六级作文的自由度很大，看似给出了提纲，实际上具体的观点全靠个人发挥。

2010年12月大学英语六级考试模拟题五

2010年12月英语六级考试预测试题及答案（五）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Precious Water. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 举例说明水对人类的重要性2. 举例说明我国所面临的水资源问题3. 为了生存和发展人们要……Precious WaterPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Pollution: A Life and Death IssueOne of the main themes of Planet under Pressure is the way many of the Earth's environmental crises reinforce one another. Pollution is an obvious example-we do not have the option of growing food, or finding enough water, on a squeaky-clean planet, but on one increasingly tarnished and trashed by the way we have used it so far.Cutting waste and clearing up pollution cost money. Yet time and again it is the quest for wealth that generates much of the mess is the first place. Living in a way that is less damaging to the Earth is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is pervasive and often life-threatening.Air: the World Health Organization (WHO) says three million people are killed worldwide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions, and 1.6 million indoors through using solid fuel. Most are in poor countries.Water: diseases carried in water are responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in developing countries, killing a child every eight seconds. Each year 2.1 million people die from diarrhoeal (痢疾的) diseases associated with poor water.Soil: contaminated land is a problem in industrialized countries, where former factories and power stations can leave waste like heavy metals in the soil. It can also occur in developing countries, sometimes used for dumping pesticides. Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and slurry from livestock. And when the contamination reaches rivers it damages life there, and can even create dead zones off the coast, as in the Gulf of Mexico.Chronic ProblemChemicals are a frequent pollutant. When we think of chemical contamination it is often images of events like Bhopal that come to mind. But the problem is widespread. One study says 7～20% of cancers are attributable to poor air and pollution in homes and workplaces. The WHO, concerned about chemicals that persist and build up in the body,especially in the young, says we may "be conducting a large-scale experiment with children's health".Some man-made chemicals, endocrine (内分泌) disruptors like phthalates (酞酸盐) and nonylphenol-a breakdown product of spermicides (杀精子剂), cosmetics and detergents-are blamed for causing changes in the genitals of some animals. Affected species include polar bears-so not even the Arctic is immune. And the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals, and to us.About 70,000 chemicals are on the market, with around 1,500 new ones appearing annually. At least 30,000 are thought never to have been comprehensively tested for their possible risks to people.At first glance, the plastic buckets stacked in the corner of the environmental NGO office look like any others. But the containers are an unlikely weapon in one poor community's fight against oil companies which they say are responsible for widespreadill-health caused by years of pollution. The vessels are used by a network of local volunteers, known as the Bucket Brigade, to gather air samples in neighborhoods bordering oil refineries, as part of a campaign to monitor and document air pollution which they believe is coming from the plants.In South Africa, as in many developing and newly industrialized countries, legislation on air pollution has failed to keep pace with mushrooming industries. So local residents, like many in poor communities around the globe, have faced the problem of investigating their claim that industries on their doorsteps are making them sick.Trade-offBut the snag is that modern society demands many of them, and some are essential for survival. So while we invoke the precautionary principle, which always recommends erring on the side of caution, we have to recognize there will be trade-offs to be made.The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous system, but can also be effective against malaria (疟疾). Where does the priority lie?The industrialized world has not yet cleaned up the mess it created, but it is reaping the benefits of the pollution it has caused. It can hardly tell the developing countries that they have no right to follow suit.Another complication in tackling pollution is that it does not respect political frontiers. There is a U.N. convention on trans-boundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise between neighbors, or between states which do not share a border. Perhaps the best example is climate change-the countries of the world share one atmosphere, and what one does can affect everyone.For One and All.One of the principles that are supposed to apply here is simple-the polluter pays. Sometimes it is obvious who is to blame and who must pay the price, but it is not always straightforward to work out just who is the polluter, or whether the rest of us would be happy to pay the price of stopping the pollution.One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away, designing products to be recycled or even just to last longer.Previous generations worked on the assumption that discarding our waste was a proper way to get rid of it, so we used to dump nuclear materials and other potential hazards at sea, confident they would be dispersed in the depths.We now think that is too risky because, as one author wrote, "there's no such place as 'away', and there's no such person as the 'other'."Irritating AirDespite recent improvements, however, the health problems are still there. A 2002 medical study, carried out by Durban's Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and a U.S. university, found that an abnormally high 52% of students and teachers at a primary school bordering the Engen plant suffered from asthma (哮喘). It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children.The petrol producers do not dispute the findings but argue that researchers were unable to establish a causal link between air pollution and the high prevalence of asthma among the school population.For the community, the next step is to take legal action. But, according to internationally recognized environmentalist Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by pollution coming from a particular plant.Mr. Peek, who grew up beneath Engen's stacks, says the activists are now considering taking action against the authorities. "We are now looking at suing the government on constitutional grounds, for failing to ensure our right to protection from a harmful environment as stipulated in the constitution," he said.Legislative ChangeA new batch (批) of environmental laws, the National Air Quality Management Act, has just been passed by the South African parliament to replace outdated 1965 legislation with tighter controls and tougher sanctions.Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to improve the situation. "I share the anger and frustration of this community. It is long overdue," he told the South African Broadcasting Corporation.The local authorities have also established a "Multi-Point Plan" for the area. They say it is a powerful model for tackling pollution and points to a 40% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions in recent years.1. According to World Health Organization, how many people are killed by outdoor air pollution?[A] 3 million[B] 2.1 million[C] 1.6 million[D] 3.2 million2. Land can be polluted by ________ from agriculture.[A] heavy metals[B] pesticides and nitrate-poor fertilizers[C] slurry from livestock[D] rubbish3. What kind of animal affected by man-made chemicals is not referred in the passage?[A] Polar bears.[B] Mammals.[C] People.[D] Birds.4. What do local residents claim for?[A] They are sick because of years of pollution.[B] They are sick because of industries on their doorsteps.[C] They are sick because of pesticides from agriculture.[D] They are sick because of air pollution.5. The pesticide DDT can be effective against ________.[A] malaria[B] wildlife[C] animals[D] human nervous system6. There is a U.N. convention that can cover ________.[A] problem between neighbors[B] problem between states which do not share a border[C] problems on air pollution[D] trans-boundary air pollution7. What is not said to be a way of cleaning up after ourselves?[A] Throw less away.[B] Design recycled products.[C] Don't use it again.[D] Last longer.8. It found that increases in air pollution tended to ________________________.9. According to Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by________________________.10. Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.11. [A] Mary is worthy of the prize.[B] Mary has granted the prize.[C] Mary fails in the speech contest.[D] The man doesn't think Mary deserves the prize.12. [A] Driving a car.[B] Taking a taxi.[C] Taking a train.[D] Going by subway.13. [A] He dislikes museums and galleries.[B] He does not care about the weather.[C] Going to the beach is the best choice.[D] He doesn't want to go to Washington.14. [A] She wants to live in the suburbs.[B] She is offended by her naughty children.[C] She disagrees with father.[D] She turns a deaf ear to her husband's words.15. [A] Call her after five.[B] Make calls from her phone.[C] Go to the meeting with her.[D] Fix his phone.16. [A] Husband and wife.[B] Teacher and student.[C] Policeman and driver.[D] Mother and son.17. [A] At the library.[B] At the airport.[C] At the post office.[D] At the teacher's office.18. [A] He is good at drawing pictures.[B] He likes pictures very much.[C] He likes visiting the art museum very much.[D] He thinks the art museum is a very quiet place.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] An alien spacecraft landing.[B] The impact of a meteorite.[C] A volcanic eruption.[D] The blizzard conditions is Alaska.20. [A] Seeing a falling round object.[B] Hearing a bird-like sound.[C] Observing a bright light.[D] Witnessing the impact.21. [A] The dinosaurs went extinct.[B] A number of meteorites crashed into Earth.[C] Some animal species evolved.[D] Some plants went extinct.22. [A] Discovering new life in space.[B] Studying meteorites.[C] Plotting the courses of asteroids.[D] Developing radar telescopes.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] It offers really good coffee.[B] It has live music every Saturday night.[C] It's near the theater.[D] You can see a movie there.24. [A] It's overpriced.[B] It makes people crazy.[C] It's different from other coffee houses' coffee.[D] All the coffee is from Brazil.25. [A] They are shopping.[B] They are jogging.[C] They are seeing a movie.[D] They are drinking coffee.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] They are leading in the game.[B] The score is really close.[C] The Dream Team is way behind.[D] They win the game.27. [A] It's made up of professional athletes.[B] It's made up of college players.[C] It's made up of both professional and college players.[D] It's made up of young athletes.28. [A] He was injured in a fight and had to leave the game.[B] He fought with another player.[C] He got in a fight with a fan and was thrown out of the game.[D] He led his team to success.29. [A] They drank a special beverage made from Japanese herbs.[B] They had uncooked fish the night before the game.[C] They had a massage from head to foot to relax their muscles.[D] Some players were injured before the game.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. [A] The weather will be clear and fine.[B] Rain will probably come.[C] There will be a fog.[D] Fine weather will continue.31. [A] The following day will be fine.[B] Fine weather will continue.[C] Rainy weather will probably come.[D] The rain will stop.32. [A] By studying the signs around them with eyes and brains.[B] By changing the weather.[C] By controlling the weather.[D] By listening to others' advice.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] To develop a savings plan.[B] To set up a bank account.[C] To set clear investing goals.[D] To work out the budget.34. [A] A wide selection of investments.[B] A limited range of stocks.[C] A group of low risk bonds and cash.[D] A variety of funds.35. [A] Because the market has both up and down years.[B] Because you can get bigger guaranteed returns.[C] Because 30% returns can be achieved with the right stocks.[D] Because you have to weather the storm.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.A few years ago it was (36) ________ to speak of a generation gap, a division between young people and their elders. Parents (37) ________ that children did not show them proper respect and (38) ________, while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all. What had gone wrong? Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared? (39) ________, the generation gap has been around for a long time. Many (40) ________ argue that it is built into the fabric of our society.One important cause of the generation gap is the (41) ________ that young people have to choose their own life styles. In more (42) ________ societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and (43) ________ of, and often to continue the family occupation. In oursociety, young people often travel great distances for their education, move out of the family home at an early age, marry or live with (44) ________________________.In our upwardly mobile society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to make more money, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, (45) ________________________. Often, they discover that they have very little in common with each other.Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a traditional culture, (46) ________________________. The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds, separated by different skills and abilities.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.The bacteria that cause a common food-borne illness show low drug resistance in Australia, unlike similar strains from the United States and Europe, a study has found. Scientists behind the finding say Australia's de facto ban on certain antibiotics in poultry (家禽) and other livestock helps explain why.In the study, researchers analyzed samples of Campylobacter jejuni (空肠弯曲杆菌) bacteria from 585 patients in five Australian states.Scientists found that only 2 percent of the samples were resistant to ciprofloxacin (环丙沙星), one of the group of antibiotics known as fluoroquinolonones. By contrast, 18 percent of Campylobacter (弧形杆菌) samples in U.S. patients are immune to fluoroquinolonones, which have been used in the U.S. to prevent or treat respiratory (呼吸的) disease in poultry for a decade.The study, led by Leanne Unicomb, a graduate student at Australian National University in Canberra, was published in the May issue of the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases."The findings add to the growing body of evidence suggestive of the problems of using fluoroquinolonones in food-producing animals," Unicomb wrote in an email.Campylobacter is the most common food-borne disease in the U.S. and many other industrialized countries.People can contract the pathogen (病原体) by consuming undercooked poultry or meat, raw milk, or contaminated (被污染的) water.Symptoms include fever, vomiting, and diarrhea (腹泻). In rare cases, the disease can trigger paralysis or death."In most industrial countries Campylobacter is more commonly reported than Salmonella (沙门氏菌), a better-known cause of food poisoning," Unicomb said."The number of cases of Campylobacter has been on the rise in Australia since the early 90's."In the U.S., about 1.4 million people contracted Campylobacter infections last year, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia.While the infection rate in the U.S. has dropped over the last decade, the bacteria have grown more drug-resistant.According to the CDC, surveys between 1986 and 1990 found no signs of resistance to the antibiotics in U.S. Campylobacter infections. But by 1997, strains resistant to the antibiotics accounted for 12 percent of human cases. In 2001 the figure climbed to 18 percent.Public health experts say many factors contribute to Campylobacter's drug resistance; the widespread use of fluoroquinolonones by U.S. poultry farmers over the past decade is one of them.Fluoroquinolones were first approved for use in humans by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1986. In 1995 the FDA granted poultry farmers permission to the use the drugs in livestock. Last year the FDA banned the antibiotic from food-producing animals, citing the concerns raised by public health experts over drug-resistant bacteria.Frederick Angulo, an epidemiologist with the CDC, monitors the drug resistance of food-borne pathogens in the U.S. food supply. "The people who are most likely to get infected with food-borne diseases include the most vulnerable people in thepopulation-infants and young children and also the elderly," he said. He says thatCampylobacter infections are entirely preventable, as is the bacteria's antibiotic resistance. "In many ways what's occurring with Campylobacter is an indicator for a broader issue, which is...antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the food supply," he said.47. Why do food-borne pathogens in Australia show low drug resistance?48. In many industrialized countries, the most common food-borne disease is________.49. The food-borne disease may cause fever, vomiting, diarrhea and even ________.50. The FDA banned the use of antibiotic from food-producing animals because public healthexperts were concerned about ________.51. What does Angulo say about the bacteria's antibiotic resistance?Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.At some time in your life, you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don't act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitude once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to be fat. The "in" look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their images as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like the U.S., thin is "in", fat is "out".It's not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have been obsessed with staying slim and "in shape". The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for Americans' fascination with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologicallydeveloped nations, the life style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people's bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising.52. From the passage we can infer taboo is ________.[A] a strong desire to do something strange or terrible[B] a crime committed on impulse[C] behavior considered unacceptable in society's eyes[D] an unfavorable impression left on other people53. Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude "being fat"________ in American society.[A] will always remain a taboo[B] is not considered as a taboo by most people[C] has long been a taboo[D] may no longer be a taboo someday54. The topic of fat is ________ many other taboo subjects.[A] the same as[B] different from[C] more popular than[D] less often talked about than55. What does "thin is 'in', and fat is 'out'" mean?[A] Thin is "inside", and fat is "outside".[B] Thin is "diligent", and fat is "lazy".[C] Thin is "youthful", and fat is "spiritless".[D] Thin is "fashionable", and fat is "unfashionable".56. Apart from this new understanding of the correlation between health and exercise, the main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is ________.[A] their changed life style[B] their eagerness to stay thin and youthful[C] their appreciation of the importance of exercise[D] the encouragement they have received from their companiesPassage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.We can begin our discussion of "population as global issue" with what most persons mean when they discuss "the population problem": too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute; it was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to "a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes".To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000 B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased from some 8million to 500 million in。

2010年12月英语六级考试模拟试题及答案(1)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)第1题：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Salary or Interest. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 如今的大学毕业生面临的职业选择：兴趣重要还是工资重要2. 你的观点3. 结论Salary or Interest【参考解析】：Salary or InterestUpon graduation, virtually all college students will confront the problem of choosing their careers. It is truly a tough choice. Students’ opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that priority should be given to their interest in the job, but others take the attitude that salary is the most critical factor influencing their career choices.As for myself, I prefer the latter view. A well-paid job exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to me. Although it might be impossible to measure the value of one’s job in terms of money, salary counts most when I choose myfuture career. In my view, our career choices largely depend on how and where we have been brought up. I come from a poor urban family and my parents are both laid-off workers. In order to finance my tuition, they have been working hard over the past four years. As the only son in my family, I have to shoulder the burden of supporting my family.In short, salary is the first consideration in my choice of career.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)资料：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.April Fools' Special: History's HoaxesHappy April Fools' Day. To mark the occasion, National Geographic News has compiled alist of some of the more memorable hoaxes in recent history. They are the lies, darned(可恨的) lies, and whoppers(弥天大谎)that have been perpetrated on the gullible(易受骗的)and unsuspecting to fulfill that age-old desire held by some to put the joke on others.Internet HoaxesThe Internet has given birth to a proliferation(增殖)of hoaxes. E-mail inboxes are bombarded on an almost daily basis with messages warning of terrible computer viruses that cause users to delete benign(良性)chunks of data from their hard drives, or of credit card scams that entice the naive to give all their personal information, including passwords and bank account details, to identity thieves. Other e-mails give rise to wry(歪曲的)chuckles, which is where this list begins.Ban Dihydrogen Monoxide(一氧化二氢)City officials in Aliso Viejo, California, were so concerned about the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide that they scheduled a vote last month on whether to ban foam(泡沫)cups from city-sponsored events after they learned the chemical was used in foam-cup production.Officials called off the vote after learning that dihydrogen monoxide is the scientific term for water."It's embarrassing," city manager David J. Norman told the Associated Press. "We had a paralegal(律师助手)who did bad research."Indeed, the paralegal had fallen victim to an official-looking Web site touting the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide. An e-mail originally authored in 1990 by Eric Lechner, then a graduate student at the University of California, Santa Cruz, claimed that dihydrogen monoxide "is used as an industrial solvent and coolant, and is used in the production of Styrofoam(聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料)."Other dangers pranksters(爱开玩笑的人)associated with the chemical included accelerated corrosion and rusting, severe burns, and death from inhalation.Versions of the e-mail continue to circulate today, and several Web sites, includingthat of the Coalition to Ban DHMO, warn, tongue-in-cheek, of water's dangers.Alabama Changes Value of PiThe April 1998 newsletter put out by New Mexicans for science and Reason contains an article titled "Alabama Legislature Lays Siege to Pi". It was penned by April Holiday of the Associmated Press (sic) and told the story of how the Alabama state legislature voted to change the value of the mathematical constant Pi from 3.14159 to the round number of 3.The ersatz(假的)news story was written by Los Alamos National Laboratory physicist Mark Boslough to parody(滑稽地模仿)legislative and school board attacks on the teaching of evolution in New Mexico.At Boslough's suggestion, Dave Thomas, the president of New Mexicans for science and Reason, posted the article in its entirety to the Internet newsgroup Talk. Origins on April 1. (The newsgroup hosts a lively debate on creation vs. evolution.) Later that evening Thomas posted a full confession to the hoax. He thought he had put all rumors to bed.But to Thomas's surprise, however, several newsgroup readers forwarded the article to friends and posted it on other newsgroups.When Thomas checked in on the story a few weeks later, he was surprised to learn that it had spread like wildfire. The telltale signs of the article's satirical intent, such as the April 1 date and misspelled "Associmated Press" dateline, had been replaced or deleted.Alabama legislators were bombarded with calls protesting the law. The legislators explained that the news was a hoax. There was not and never had been such a law.TV and Newspaper HoaxesBefore the advent of the Internet, and even today, traditional media outlets such as newspapers, radio, and television, have sometimes hoaxed their audiences. The deceptions run the gamut from purported natural disasters to wishful news.Swiss Spaghetti (意大利式细面条) HarvestAlex Boese, curator of the Museum of Hoaxes, a regularly updated Web site that also appeared in book form in November 2002, said one of his favorite hoaxes remains one perpetrated by the British Broadcasting Company.On April 1, 1957, the BBC aired a report on the television news show Panorama about the bumper spaghetti harvest in southern Switzerland.Viewers watched Swiss farmers pull pasta off spaghetti trees as the show's anchor, Richard Dimbleby, attributed the bountiful harvest to the mild winter and the disappearance of the spaghetti weevil.The broadcaster detailed the ins and outs of the life of the spaghetti farmer and anticipated questions about how spaghetti grows on trees. Thousands of people believed the report and called the BBC to inquire about growing their own spaghetti trees, to which the BBC replied, "Place a sprig of spaghetti in a tin of tomato sauce and hope for the best.""It was a great satirical effect about British society," Boese said. "British society really was like that at that time. The British have a tendency to be a bit insulated(绝缘的) and do not know that much about the rest of Europe."Taco Liberty BellOn April 1, 1996, readers in five major U.S. cities opened their newspapers to learn from a full page announcement that the Taco Bell Corporation had purchased the Liberty Bell from the U.S. government. The announcement reported that the company was relocating the historic bell from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Irvine, California. The move, the corporation said in the advertisement, was part of an "effort to help the national debt".Hundreds of other newspapers and television shows ran stories related to the press release on the matter put out by Taco Bell's public relations firm, PainePR. Outraged citizens called the Liberty Bell National Historic Park in Philadelphia to express their disgust. A few hours later the public relations firm released another press announcement stating that the stunt was a hoax.White House press secretary Mike McCurry got into the act when he remarked that the government would also be "selling the Lincoln Memorial to Ford Motor Company and renaming it the Lincoln-Mercury Memorial".Crop CirclesStrange, circular formations began to appear in the fields of southern England in the mid-1970s, bringing busloads of curious onlookers, media representatives, and believers in the paranormal out to the countryside for a look.A sometimes vitriolic(讽刺的)debate on their origins has since ensued(跟着发生), and the curious formations have spread around the world, becoming more and more elaborate as the years go by.Some people consider the crop formations to be the greatest works of modern art toemerge from the 20th century, while others are convinced they are signs of extraterrestrial communications or landing sites of UFOs.The debate rages even today, although in 1991 Doug Bower and Dave Chorley, two elderly men from Wiltshire County, came forward and claimed responsibility for the crop circles that appeared there over the preceding 20 years. The pair made the circles by pushing down nearly ripe crops with a wooden plank suspended from a rope.Moon Landing—a Hoax?Ever since NASA sent astronauts to the moon between 1969 and 1972, skeptics have questioned whether the Apollo missions were real or simply a ploy to one-up(领先)the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The debate resurfaced and reached crescendo levels in February 2001, when For television aired a program called Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon?Guests on the show argued that NASA did not have the technology to land on the moon. Anxious to win the space race, NASA acted out the Apollo program in movie studios, they said. The conspiracy theorists pointed out that the pictures transmitted from the moon do not include stars and that the flag the Americans planted on the moon is waving, even thoughthere is though to be no breeze on the moon.NASA quickly refuted these claims in a series of press releases, stating that any photographer would know it is difficult to capture something very bright and very dim on the same piece of film. Since the photographers wanted to capture the astronauts striding across the lunar surface in their sunlit space suits, the background stars were too faint to see.As for the flag, NASA said that the astronauts were turning it back and forth to get in firmly planted in the lunar soil, which made it wave.第1题：Some people have the age-old desire to put the joke on others.【参考解析】：Y 根据题干中的信息词age-old desire定位到原文第一段，可知美国围家地理新闻整理了近期历史上让人印象深刻的恶作剧，这些谎言欺骗的是那些易受骗的、轻易信任他人的人，用以满足有些人想要捉弄他人的想法，故该句表述正确。

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体系管理知识考试试卷
一、多项选择题(每题2分,共20分)
1、ABC 环境因素主要通过制定或修订目标、指标和环境管理方案以及通过控制措施（办法、规定等）进行管理。

A 重要
B 一般（B类）
C 一般（C类）
D 一般(E类)
2、在ISO14001体系中，紧急事故包括： ABCD
A 火灾与爆炸
B 台风
C 暴雨洪灾
D 危险品泄漏等
3、不合格品评审结果有哪几种？ABCD
（A、返工、B、返修或让步接收、C降级改作他用、D拒收或报废。

）
4、公司所使用的能源主要包括：ABCDEF
A 水
B 电
C 蒸汽
D 压缩空气
E 柴油
F 氮气、氧气、氩气、氢气、二氧化碳、乙炔等
5、统计分析工具主要包括： ABCD
A 排列图
B 对比图
C 饼状图
D 折线图
E 鱼骨图
6、针对质量环境管理体系涉及到的所有部门和要素的内部体系审核每年不少于 1 次。

A 1
B 2
C 3
7、“TQM的基础工作主要包括ABCDE 方面的内容？
A质量教育工作 B 程序文件质量责任制 C 标准化工作 D计量工作、E质量信息
8、环境监测和测量包括：ABCDEF
A. 法律法规遵循情况的评价
B.环境目标、指标和管理方案完成情况监测验
C.废水排放
D. 废气排放
E. 厂界噪声排放F能源消耗G固体废弃物统计
9、质量体系应包括哪些基本文件？（ABCDE）
A手册 B 程序文件 C 质量计划 D工作文件 E质量记录
10、本公司合格质量水准，AQL使用范围是 B ~ E 。

A 0.25%
B 0.40%
C 0.65%
D 1%
E 4.0%
二、填空题(每空1分,共20分)
1. 公司选择的ISO 9000认证标准是ISO 9002，该标准共有19 个要素。

2、举出六种证实符合质量体系要求的方法：1、供方的合格声明.；2. 文件证据；3顾客审核4.其他顾客认定的证据；5.第三方审核；6.认证证据。

3、本公司的危险化学品主要包括易燃易爆品、腐蚀毒害化学品、医药品
4、不合格品评审结果有哪几种？1、返工2、返修或让步接收；3、降级改作他用4、拒收或报废
5.生产管理中的“三最原则”是指效率最高化、成本最优化、资源利用最大化
6.生产理论中著名的理论是“短板理论”和“瓶颈理论”，生产管理就是不断地寻找“短板”
与“瓶颈”，注重最短和最窄小的那一个环节，去改善与改造。

7.为减少不合格造成风险的做法有机番管理、出荷保留/解除、退货/待纳。

8.品质文化严格遵循产品的质量方针和质量目标，贯彻“品质就是支点”的品质标语，以五条品质金律为目标凸显品质内涵与品质追求。

9、ISO9001与ISO9002的主要区别？1、（ISO9001有设计控制要素.；2 ISO9002没有
10、ISO的含义是什么：.（简称为：国际标准化组织）。

三、简答题（每题8分、共40分）
1、谁应当对生产的产品质量负责？产品的质量应符合哪些要求？
（生产者应当对其生产的产品质量负责。

产品质量应符合下列要求：1.不存在危及人身、财产的不合理的危险，有保障人体健康和人身、财产安全的国家标准、行业标准的，应当符合该标准；2.具备产品应当具备的使用性能，但是，对产品存在的实用性能的瑕疵作出说明的除外；3.符合在产品或者其包装上注明采用的产品标准，符合以产品说明、实物样品等方式表明的质量状况。

）
2、现场使用的质量体系文件有哪些？
答：质量手册、与本单位有关的程序文件、本模块执行的操作指导书及使用的报告、表格等。

3、合格品的标识与隔离方法有哪些?相应的方法有何区别?
1、在有可能接受或发生不合格品的职能模块或单位应根据不合格品的性质与形态明确其
适当的隔离方法及必要的标识方法。

2、采用的隔离方法：
a.区域隔离法：（划定区域，如：报废品区、待处理品区、待修复品区等）；
b.容器隔离法：（使用红色的容器表示隔离报废不合格品；使用黄色的容器表示隔离待确
认/待处理的不合格品）
3、可采用的标识方法：
a.直接标识：常运用于个别的、体积较大的不合格品；
b.票据标识：常运用于批量性、体积较小的不合格品；
4、不合格或可疑品标识的基本要求：根据可追溯要求、成本核算要求、便于调查分析的要求、便于调查分析要求等，标识不合格品的时间、责任人、不合格品性质/类别、原因、所在部位、构成材料及其它附加说明等。

4、管理评审的目的是什么？评审内容包括哪些？
确保质量体系持续的适应性和有效性，以满足ISO 9000标准的要求和企业规定的质量方针和目标。

输入：质量/环境管理体系总体运行报告；客户服务分析报告；研发分析报告；过程保证能力分析报告；材料供应分析报告。

输出：管理评审报告以及管理评审纠正预防措施报告。

５、QC小组改善的十大步骤。

1.选择课题
2.现状调查
3.设定目标
4.原因分析
5.确定要因
6.制订对策
7.实施对策
8.效果检查
9.巩固措施
10.总结和下一步的打算。