资产负债及损益表
资产负债表和损益表模板
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编制单位： 资 流动资产： 货币资金 短期投资 应收票据 应收帐款 减：坏帐准备 应收帐款净额 预付帐款 应收出口退税 应收补贴款 其他应收款 存货 其中：库存商品 待转其他业务支出 待摊费用 待处理流动资产净损失 其他流动资产 流动资产合计 长期投资： 长期投资 固定资产： 固定资产原价 减：累计折旧 固定资产净值 固定资产清理 在建工程 待处理固定资产净损失 固 定 资 产 合 计 无形资产及递延资产： 无形资产 递延资产 无形及递延资产合计 其他长期资产： 其他长期资产 递延税项： 递延税款借项 资 产 合 计 33 34 元； 元。 32 29 30 31 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 其中：改转租企业占用资金21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 产 行 次 年 初 数
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年 期 末 数
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单位：元 行 次 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 元 年 初 数 期 末 数
负 债 及 所 有 者 权 益 流动负债： 短期借款 应付票据 应付帐款 预收帐款 其他应付款 应付工资 应付福利费 未交税金 未付利润 其他未交款 预提费用 一年内到期的长期负债 其他流动负债 流 动 负 债 合 计 长期负债： 长期借款 应付债券 长期应付款 其他长期负债 其中：住房周转金 专项应付款 长 期 负 债 合 计 递延税项： 递延税款贷项 负 债 合 计 所有者权益： 实收资本 其中：国家资本 法人资本 集体资本 个人资本 外商资本 资本公积 盈余公积 其中：公益金 未分配利润 所 有 者 权 益 合 计 负债及所有者权益总计
资产负债表观与损益表观
知识点2：资产负债表观与损益表观l损益表观：也称为收入-费用观，缘于20世纪30年代，那时的“会计政策主要是关于收益的定义、确认和计量。
收益是将来确认的收入与其相关的成本（包括诸如折旧等费用的主观分配）进行配比而得出的，损益表和资产负债表主要受控于收入确认和成本配比的会计规则”在此观点下，会计确认和计量的重心放在损益表上，资产负债表就成为损益表的附表。
收益计算公式：损益=收入-费用l资产负债表观：也称为资产-负债观或资本维持观，在此观点下，其会计确认和计量的重心放在资产负债表上，收入和费用被认为仅是资产和负债变化的结果，即收入是资产的增加或负债的减少，费用是资产的减少或负债的增加。
并要求收益的定性与定量都要服从资产负债表中对资产、负债的要求，于是，损益表被指是资产负债表的附表。
收益计算公式：利润=期末净资产-期初净资产二者区别l资产负债观l企业净资产的保持和增值是衡量企业的主要指标l能有效度量企业财富的增加l重在规范资产和负债的定义、确认和计量l资产负债表观不仅要考虑交易因素，还考虑非交易因素l强调在对会计要素进行计量时，除了可以采用历史成本外，还可选择公允价值、现值等现行价值作为其计量属性l损益表l收益指标是衡量企业的主要指标l对企业经营业绩和有效性的度量l重在收入和费用的直接确认与计量l只考虑交易因素特征，不存在未实现损益的确认问题。
l强调历史成本属性，强调要根据过去交易或事项的结果来计量，注重符合交易因素的特征。
从损益表观转向资产负债观的影响：1、有利于企业的可持续发展：资产和负债是真实的客观存在的，以净资产的增加来确认利润而不是由利润来确定净资产可以最大限度地减少人为操纵利润等行为的发生。
净资产的增加才是企业价值真正地增加，利润反映的只是企业某一期间的经营成果，是企业净资产变动的组成部分。
2、有利于资本市场的完善，便于企业改善资本结构：传统的收入费用观下存在着诸多预提、待摊、递延等项目，加上没有对这些主观性强的项目制定较规范的限制性条件，从而成为企业操纵利润的主要手段，产生了虚假的收益和资产。
资产负债表 损益表
资产负债表损益表
资产负债表（Balance Sheet）和损益表（Income Statement）是会计报表中最基本的两种表格形式之一。
资产负债表是一种快照，显示了一家公司在特定日期的财务状况。
它包括了公司的资产、负债和所有者权益。
资产是公司拥有的资源，包括现金、存货、应收账款和固定资产等。
负债是公司应付的债务，包括应付账款、贷款和债券等。
所有者权益是指公司对所有者的权益，包括股本和保留盈余等。
资产负债表可作为分析和评估公司财务状况的重要工具。
损益表是一种报告，显示了一家公司在特定时期内的经营业绩。
它显示了公司的收入、费用和利润情况。
收入包括销售收入、利息收入和其他收入等。
费用包括经营费用、利息费用和税务费用等。
利润是指公司在特定时期内的净收入，即扣除所有费用后的余额。
损益表可以帮助分析公司的盈利能力和业务经营情况。
资产负债表和损益表是公司财务状况和经营情况的重要指标，常用于投资者、债权人和管理层等各方对公司进行评估和决策。
损益表和资产负债表分析
1.主营业务收入利润表反映的主营业务收入在一般情况下会≦企业所得税纳税申报表中的销售收入。
其小于部分企业应作纳税调整处理。
利润表中反映的主营业务收入尚不包括视同销售货物的收入，因此企业视同销售货物在会计上无需通过销售账户处理，这部分收入亦属于企业所得税的纳税调整项目。
对该项目应分析销售成本率或毛利率。
结合成本一起分析。
案例：（1）低价开票，少计收入；（2）挂靠企业开发，不申报纳税；（3）收取价外费用，不申报纳税。
案例：中国税务报2006.12.11“销售滞后”应被认为偷税行为所谓销售滞后，是指按税法规定应当在当期确认并进行纳税申报的应税销售收入，拖延至后期确认并进行纳税申报的行为。
三类滞后现象：一是直销收入滞后：指销售方直接向购货方销售商品或劳务（指按税法规定应当确认收入）后，若购货方不急于取得发票，销售方当期不确认收入，也不进行纳税申报，从而形成销售滞后；二是代销收入滞后：供货方将货物发往异地代理商，代理商销售货物并将货款汇给供货方后，不提供或延缓提供“代销售清单”（或代理商提供“代销售清单”后，供货方不及时确认收入），从而形成销售滞后。
三是经销收入滞后：供货方将货物发往经销商后，经销商从供货方取得货物时暂不索取销售发票，并将发票直接开往购货方，这样经销商不仅达到了不缴或少缴流通环节税款之目的，也同样造成了供货方销售滞后。
例：某企业于5月以托收承付方式销售商品一批，产品成本为60000元，增值税专用发票上注明价款100000元，税金17000元。
该商品已发出，并办妥托收手续。
此时得知购买方资金周转困难。
经与购买方交涉，确认此项收入目前收回的可能性不大，暂不确认收入。
借：发出商品 60000 借：应收账款 17000贷：库存商品 60000 贷：应交税金-增（销）17000税法：若当年仍未确认收入，作纳税调增40000，以后年度确认收入时，作纳税调减。
2.主营业务成本企业在正常核算情况下，利润表中反映的主营业务收入与主营业务成本存在着一定的配比性。
资产负债表损益表模板
32
流动负债合计
100
0
0
34
长期负债：
38
0
0 长期借款
101
应付债券
102
39
长期应付款
103
40
专项应付款
106
41
0
0 其他长期负债
108
42
长期负债合计
110
0
0
43
0
0 递延税项：
44
递延税款贷项
111
45
负债合计
114
0
0
46
50
0
0 所有者权益（或股东权益）：
实收资本（或股本）：
115
递延税项： 递延税款借项
资产总计
行 次
年初数 期末数
负债及所有者权益
流动负债：
1
短期借款
2
应付票据
3
应付帐款
4
预收帐款
5
应付工资
6
应付福利费
7
应付股利
8
应交税金
9
其他应交款
10
其他应付款
11
预提费用31
0
0 其他流动负债
所属期： 行次 年初数 期末数
68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 80 81 82 83 86 90
资产负债表
单位名称： 资产
流动资产： 货币资金 短期投资 应收票据 应收股利 应收利息 应收帐款 其他应收款 预付帐款 应收补贴款 存货 待摊费用 一年内到期的长期债券
投资 其他流动资产
流动资产合计 长期投资：
长期期权投资 长期债权投资 长期投资合计 固定资产： 固定资产原价 减：累计折旧 固定资产净值 减：固定资产减值准备 固定资产净额 工程物资 在建工程 固定资产清理 固定资产合计 无形资产及其它资产： 无形资产 长期待摊费用 其它长期资产 无形资产及递延资产合计
完整资产负债表和损益表
完整资产负债表和损益表负债表：1 资产assets11~ 12 流动资产current assets111 现金及约当现金cash and cash equivalents1111 库存现金cash on hand1112 零用金/周转金petty cash/revolving funds1113 银行存款cash in banks1116 在途现金cash in transit1117 约当现金cash equivalents1118 其它现金及约当现金other cash and cash equivalents112 短期投资short-term investment1121 短期投资-股票short-term investments - stock1122 短期投资-短期票券short-term investments - short-term notes and bills1123 短期投资-政府债券short-term investments - government bonds1124 短期投资-受益凭证short-term investments - beneficiary certificates1125 短期投资-公司债short-term investments - corporate bonds1128 短期投资-其它short-term investments - other1129 备抵短期投资跌价损失allowance for reduction of short-term investment to market113 应收票据notes receivable1131 应收票据notes receivable1132 应收票据贴现discounted notes receivable1137 应收票据-关系人notes receivable - related parties1138 其它应收票据other notes receivable1139 备抵呆帐－应收票据allowance for uncollectible accounts- notes receivable114 应收账款accounts receivable1141 应收账款accounts receivable1142 应收分期账款installment accounts receivable1147 应收账款-关系人accounts receivable - related parties 1149 备抵呆帐－应收账款allowance for uncollectible accounts - accounts receivable118 其它应收款other receivables1181 应收出售远汇款forward exchange contract receivable1182 应收远汇款-外币forward exchange contract receivable - foreign currencies1183 买卖远汇折价discount on forward exchange contract1184 应收收益earned revenue receivable1185 应收退税款income tax refund receivable1187 其它应收款- 关系人other receivables - related parties 1188 其它应收款- 其它other receivables - other1189 备抵呆帐- 其它应收款allowance for uncollectible accounts - other receivables121~122 存货inventories1211 商品存货merchandise inventory1212 寄销商品consigned goods1213 在途商品goods in transit1219 备抵存货跌价损失allowance for reduction of inventory to market1221 制成品finished goods1222 寄销制成品consigned finished goods1223 副产品by-products1224 在制品work in process1225 委外加工work in process - outsourced1226 原料raw materials1227 物料supplies1228 在途原物料materials and supplies in transit1229 备抵存货跌价损失allowance for reduction of inventory to market125 预付费用prepaid expenses1251 预付薪资prepaid payroll1252 预付租金prepaid rents1253 预付保险费prepaid insurance1254 用品盘存office supplies1255 预付所得税prepaid income tax1258 其它预付费用other prepaid expenses126 预付款项prepayments1261 预付货款prepayment for purchases1268 其它预付款项other prepayments128~129 其它流动资产other current assets1281 进项税额VAT paid ( or input tax)1282 留抵税额excess VAT paid (or overpaid VAT)1283 暂付款temporary payments1284 代付款payment on behalf of others1285 员工借支advances to employees1286 存出保证金refundable deposits1287 受限制存款certificate of deposit-restricted1291 递延所得税资产deferred income tax assets1292 递延兑换损失deferred foreign exchange losses 1293 业主(股东)往来owners(stockholders) current account 1294 同业往来current account with others1298 其它流动资产-其它other current assets - other13 基金及长期投资funds and long-term investments131 基金funds1311 偿债基金redemption fund (or sinking fund)1312 改良及扩充基金fund for improvement and expansion1313 意外损失准备基金contingency fund1314 退休基金pension fund1318 其它基金other funds132 长期投资long-term investments1321 长期股权投资long-term equity investments1322 长期债券投资long-term bond investments1323 长期不动产投资long-term real estate investments1324 人寿保险现金解约价值cash surrender value of life insurance1328 其它长期投资other long-term investments1329 备抵长期投资跌价损失allowance for excess of cost over market value of long-term investments14~ 15 固定资产property , plant, and equipment141 土地land1411 土地land1418 土地-重估增值land - revaluation increments142 土地改良物land improvements1421 土地改良物land improvements1428 土地改良物-重估增值land improvements - revaluation increments1429 累积折旧-土地改良物accumulated depreciation - land improvements143 房屋及建物buildings1431 房屋及建物buildings1438 房屋及建物-重估增值buildings -revaluation increments 1439 累积折旧-房屋及建物accumulated depreciation - buildings 144~146 机(器)具及设备machinery and equipment1441 机(器)具machinery1448 机(器)具-重估增值machinery - revaluation increments 1449 累积折旧-机(器)具accumulated depreciation - machinery 151 租赁资产leased assets1511 租赁资产leased assets1519 累积折旧-租赁资产accumulated depreciation - leased assets152 租赁权益改良leasehold improvements1521 租赁权益改良leasehold improvements1529 累积折旧- 租赁权益改良accumulated depreciation - leasehold improvements156 未完工程及预付购置设备款construction in progress and prepayments for equipment1561 未完工程construction in progress1562 预付购置设备款prepayment for equipment158 杂项固定资产miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment 1581 杂项固定资产miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment 1588 杂项固定资产-重估增值miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment - revaluation increments1589 累积折旧- 杂项固定资产accumulated depreciation - miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment16 递耗资产depletable assets161 递耗资产depletable assets1611 天然资源natural resources1618 天然资源-重估增值natural resources -revaluation increments1619 累积折耗-天然资源accumulated depletion - natural resources17 无形资产intangible assets171 商标权trademarks1711 商标权trademarks172 专利权patents1721 专利权patents173 特许权franchise1731 特许权franchise174 著作权copyright1741 著作权copyright175 计算机软件computer software1751 计算机软件computer software cost176 商誉goodwill1761 商誉goodwill177 开办费organization costs1771 开办费organization costs178 其它无形资产other intangibles1781 递延退休金成本deferred pension costs1782 租赁权益改良leasehold improvements1788 其它无形资产-其它other intangible assets - other 18 其它资产other assets181 递延资产deferred assets1811 债券发行成本deferred bond issuance costs 1812 长期预付租金long-term prepaid rent1813 长期预付保险费long-term prepaid insurance 1814 递延所得税资产deferred income tax assets 1815 预付退休金prepaid pension cost1818 其它递延资产other deferred assets182 闲置资产idle assets1821 闲置资产idle assets184 长期应收票据及款项与催收账款long-term notes , accounts and overdue receivables1841 长期应收票据long-term notes receivable1842 长期应收账款long-term accounts receivable1843 催收账款overdue receivables1847 长期应收票据及款项与催收账款-关系人long-term notes, accounts and overdue receivables- related parties1848 其它长期应收款项other long-term receivables1849 备抵呆帐-长期应收票据及款项与催收账款allowance for uncollectible accounts - long-term notes, accounts and overdue receivables185 出租资产assets leased to others1851 出租资产assets leased to others1858 出租资产-重估增值assets leased to others - incremental value from revaluation1859 累积折旧-出租资产accumulated depreciation - assets leased to others186 存出保证金refundable deposit1861 存出保证金refundable deposits188 杂项资产miscellaneous assets1881 受限制存款certificate of deposit - restricted1888 杂项资产-其它miscellaneous assets - other2 负债liabilities21~ 22 流动负债current liabilities211 短期借款short-term borrowings(debt)2111 银行透支bank overdraft2112 银行借款bank loan2114 短期借款-业主short-term borrowings - owners2115 短期借款-员工short-term borrowings - employees2117 短期借款-关系人short-term borrowings- related parties 2118 短期借款-其它short-term borrowings - other212 应付短期票券short-term notes and bills payable2121 应付商业本票commercial paper payable2122 银行承兑汇票bank acceptance2128 其它应付短期票券other short-term notes and bills payable 2129 应付短期票券折价discount on short-term notes and bills payable213 应付票据notes payable2131 应付票据notes payable2137 应付票据-关系人notes payable - related parties2138 其它应付票据other notes payable214 应付账款accounts payable2141 应付账款accounts payable2147 应付账款-关系人accounts payable - related parties216 应付所得税income taxes payable2161 应付所得税income tax payable217 应付费用accrued expenses2171 应付薪工accrued payroll2172 应付租金accrued rent payable2173 应付利息accrued interest payable2174 应付营业税accrued VAT payable2175 应付税捐-其它accrued taxes payable- other2178 其它应付费用other accrued expenses payable218~219 其它应付款other payables2181 应付购入远汇款forward exchange contract payable2182 应付远汇款-外币forward exchange contract payable - foreign currencies2183 买卖远汇溢价premium on forward exchange contract2184 应付土地房屋款payables on land and building purchased 2185 应付设备款Payables on equipment2187 其它应付款-关系人other payables - related parties2191 应付股利dividend payable2192 应付红利bonus payable2193 应付董监事酬劳compensation payable to directors and supervisors2198 其它应付款-其它other payables - other226 预收款项advance receipts2261 预收货款sales revenue received in advance2262 预收收入revenue received in advance2268 其它预收款other advance receipts227 一年或一营业周期内到期长期负债long-term liabilities -current portion2271 一年或一营业周期内到期公司债corporate bonds payable - current portion2272 一年或一营业周期内到期长期借款long-term loans payable - current portion2273 一年或一营业周期内到期长期应付票据及款项long-term notes and accounts payable due within one year or one operating cycle2277 一年或一营业周期内到期长期应付票据及款项-关系人long-term notes and accounts payables to related parties - current portion2278 其它一年或一营业周期内到期长期负债other long-term liabilities - current portion228~229 其它流动负债other current liabilities2281 销项税额VAT received(or output tax)2283 暂收款temporary receipts2284 代收款receipts under custody2285 估计售后服务/保固负债estimated warranty liabilities2291 递延所得税负债deferred income tax liabilities2292 递延兑换利益deferred foreign exchange gain2293 业主(股东)往来owners current account2294 同业往来current account with others2298 其它流动负债-其它other current liabilities - others23 长期负债long-term liabilities231 应付公司债corporate bonds payable2311 应付公司债corporate bonds payable2319 应付公司债溢(折)价premium(discount) on corporate bonds payable232 长期借款long-term loans payable2321 长期银行借款long-term loans payable - bank2324 长期借款-业主long-term loans payable - owners2325 长期借款-员工long-term loans payable - employees2327 长期借款-关系人long-term loans payable - related parties 2328 长期借款-其它long-term loans payable - other233 长期应付票据及款项long-term notes and accounts payable 2331 长期应付票据long-term notes payable2332 长期应付账款long-term accounts pay-able2333 长期应付租赁负债long-term capital lease liabilities2337 长期应付票据及款项-关系人Long-term notes and accounts payable - related parties2338 其它长期应付款项other long-term payables234 估计应付土地增值税accrued liabilities for land value increment tax2341 估计应付土地增值税estimated accrued land value incremental tax pay-able235 应计退休金负债accrued pension liabilities2351 应计退休金负债accrued pension liabilities238 其它长期负债other long-term liabilities2388 其它长期负债-其它other long-term liabilities - other28 其它负债other liabilities281 递延负债deferred liabilities2811 递延收入deferred revenue2814 递延所得税负债deferred income tax liabilities2818 其它递延负债other deferred liabilities286 存入保证金deposits received2861 存入保证金guarantee deposit received288 杂项负债miscellaneous liabilities2888 杂项负债-其它miscellaneous liabilities损益表：项目ITEMS产品销售收入Sales其中：出口产品销售收入Including：Export sales减：销售折扣与折让Less：Sales discounts and allowances产品销售净额Net sales减：产品销售税金Less：Sales tax产品销售成本Cost of sales其中：出口产品销售成本Including：Cost of export sales产品销售毛利Gross profit减：销售费用Less：Selling expense管理费用General and administrative expense财务费用Financial expense其中：利息支出(减利息收入) Including：Interest expense ( less interest income )汇兑损失(减汇兑收益) Exchange loss ( less exchange gain )产品销售利润Income from main operation加：其他业务利润Add：Income from other operations营业利润Operating income加：投资收益Add：Investment income营业外收入Non-operating income减：营业外支出Less：Non-operating expense加：以前年度损益调整Add：Adjustment to prior year\'s income and expense利润总额Income before tax减：所得税Less：Income tax净利润NET INCOME 资金量资产负债表Balance Sheet资产ASSETS流动资产：Current asset货币资金Cash（currency fund）Bank短期投资Short-term investment应收票据Notes receivable应收股利Dividends receivable应收利息Interests receivable应收账款Accounts receivable其他应收款Other receivable预付账款Advances to suppliers应收补贴款Subsidies receivable存货Inventories待摊费用Prepaid expenses一年内到期的长期债券投资Long-term investments maturing withinone year其他流动资产Other current assets流动资产合计Total current assets长期投资：LONG TERM INVESTMENTS长期股权投资Long-term equity investment长期债权投资Long-term debt investment长期投资合计Total long term investment固定资产：FIXED ASSETS：固定资产原值Fixed assets-cost减：累计折旧Less：Accumulated depreciation固定资产净值Fixed assets-net value减：固定资产减值准备Less: Impairment of fixed assets固定资产净额Fixed assets-book value工程物资Materials for projects在建工程Construction in progress固定资产清理Disposal of fixed assets固定资产合计Total Fixed Assets无形资产及其它资产INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND OTHER ASSETS:无形资产Intangible assets长期待摊费用Long-term deferred expenses其他长期资产Other long-term assets无形资产及其他资产合计Total intangible assets and other assets 递延税项Deferred tax递延税款借项Deferred tax debit资产总计TOTAL ASSETS负债及所有者权益（或股东权益）LIABILITIES AND OWNER`S EQUITY流动负债：CURRENT LIABILITIES短期借款Short-term loans应付票据Notes payable应付账款Accounts payable预收账款Advances from customers应付工资Accrued payroll应付福利费Accrued Employee’s welfare e xpenses应付股利Dividends payable未交税金Taxes payable其他应交款Other taxes and expenses payable其他应付款Other payables预提费用Accrued expenses预提负债Provisions一年内到期的长期负债Long-term liabilities due within one year其他流动负债Other current liabilities流动负债合计Total current liabilities长期负债：LONG-TERM LIABILITIES：长期借款Long-term loans应付债券Bonds payable长期应付款Long-term accounts payable专项应付款Specific accounts payable其他长期负债Other long-term liabilities长期负债合计Total long-term liabilities递延税项：Deferred tax递延税款贷项Deferred tax credit负债合计Total other liabilities所有者权益：（或股东权益）OWNER`S EQUITY实收资本（或股本）Paid-in capital减：已归还投资Less：Investments returned实收资本（或股本）净额Paid-in capital-net资本公积Capital surplus盈余公积Surplus from profits其中：法定公益金Including：statutory public welfare fund未分配利润Undistributed profit所有者权益（或股东权益）合计Total owner`s equity负债及所有者权益（或股东权益）合计TOTAL LIABILITIES ANDOWNER`S EQUITY损益表Profit and Loss Statement项目ITEMS一、营业收入Income from main operation减：营业成本Less：Cost of main operation营业税金及附加Tax and additional expense二、经营利润Income from main operation加：其他业务利润Add：Income from other operation 减：营业费用Less：Operating expense管理费用General and administrative expense财务费用Financial expense三、营业利润Operating Income加：投资收益Add：Investment income补贴收入Income from subsidies营业外收入Non-operating income减：营业外支出Less：Non-operating expense四、利润总额Income before tax减：所得税Less：Income tax五、净利润NET INCOME会计科目中英文对照表一、资产类Assets流动资产Current assets货币资金Cash and cash equivalents1001现金Cash1002 银行存款Cash in bank1009 其他货币资金Other cash and cash equivalents100901 外埠存款Other city Cash in bank100902 银行本票Cashier's cheque100903 银行汇票Bank draft100904 信用卡Credit card100905 信用证保证金L/C Guarantee deposits100906 存出投资款Refundable deposits1101 短期投资Short-term investments110101 股票Short-term investments - stock110102 债券Short-term investments - corporate bonds110103 基金Short-term investments - corporate funds110110 其他Short-term investments - other1102 短期投资跌价准备Short-term investments falling price reserves应收款Account receivable1111 应收票据Note receivable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance1121 应收股利Dividend receivable1122 应收利息Interest receivable1131 应收账款Account receivable1133 其他应收款Other notes receivable1141 坏账准备Bad debt reserves1151 预付账款Advance money1161 应收补贴款Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable库存资产Inventories1201 物资采购Supplies purchasing1211 原材料Raw materials1221 包装物Wrappage1231 低值易耗品Low-value consumption goods1232 材料成本差异Materials cost variance1241 自制半成品Semi-Finished goods1243 库存商品Finished goods1244 商品进销差价Differences between purchasing and selling price1251 委托加工物资Work in process - outsourced1261 委托代销商品Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis1271 受托代销商品Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis1281 存货跌价准备Inventory falling price reserves1291 分期收款发出商品Collect money and send out the goods by stages1301 待摊费用Deferred and prepaid expenses长期投资Long-term investment1401 长期股权投资Long-term investment on stocks140101 股票投资Investment on stocks140102 其他股权投资Other investment on stocks1402 长期债权投资Long-term investment on bonds140201 债券投资Investment on bonds140202 其他债权投资Other investment on bonds1421 长期投资减值准备Long-term investments depreciation reserves股权投资减值准备Stock rights investment depreciation reserves 债权投资减值准备Bcreditor's rights investment depreciation reserves1431 委托贷款Entrust loans143101 本金Principal143102 利息Interest143103 减值准备Depreciation reserves1501 固定资产Fixed assets房屋Building建筑物Structure机器设备Machinery equipment运输设备Transportation facilities工具器具Instruments and implement1502 累计折旧Accumulated depreciation1505 固定资产减值准备Fixed assets depreciation reserves房屋、建筑物减值准备Building/structure depreciation reserves机器设备减值准备Machinery equipment depreciation reserves 1601 工程物资Project goods and material160101 专用材料Special-purpose material160102 专用设备Special-purpose equipment160103 预付大型设备款Prepayments for equipment160104 为生产准备的工具及器具Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate1603 在建工程Construction-in-process安装工程Erection works在安装设备Erecting equipment-in-process技术改造工程Technical innovation project大修理工程General overhaul project1605 在建工程减值准备Construction-in-process depreciation reserves1701 固定资产清理Liquidation of fixed assets1801 无形资产Intangible assets专利权Patents非专利技术Non-Patents商标权Trademarks, Trade names著作权Copyrights土地使用权Tenure商誉Goodwill1805 无形资产减值准备Intangible Assets depreciation reserves 专利权减值准备Patent rights depreciation reserves商标权减值准备trademark rights depreciation reserves1815 未确认融资费用Unacknowledged financial charges待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income1901 长期待摊费用Long-term deferred and prepaid expenses 1911 待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income191101待处理流动资产损溢Wait deal intangible assets loss or income191102待处理固定资产损溢Wait deal fixed assets loss or income 二、负债类Liability短期负债Current liability2101 短期借款Short-term borrowing2111 应付票据Notes payable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance2121 应付账款Account payable2131 预收账款Deposit received2141 代销商品款Proxy sale goods revenue2151 应付工资Accrued wages2153 应付福利费Accrued welfarism2161 应付股利Dividends payable2171 应交税金Tax payable217101 应交增值税value added tax payable21710101 进项税额Withholdings on VAT21710102 已交税金Paying tax21710103 转出未交增值税Unpaid VAT changeover21710104 减免税款Tax deduction21710105 销项税额Substituted money on VAT21710106 出口退税Tax reimbursement for export21710107 进项税额转出Changeover withnoldings on VAT 21710108 出口抵减内销产品应纳税额Export deduct domestic sales goods tax21710109 转出多交增值税Overpaid VAT changeover21710110 未交增值税Unpaid VAT217102 应交营业税Business tax payable217103 应交消费税Consumption tax payable217104 应交资源税Resources tax payable217105 应交所得税Income tax payable217106 应交土地增值税Increment tax on land value payable 217107 应交城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities payable217108 应交房产税Housing property tax payable217109 应交土地使用税Tenure tax payable217110 应交车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) payable217111 应交个人所得税Personal income tax payable2176 其他应交款Other fund in conformity with paying2181 其他应付款Other payables2191 预提费用Drawing expense in advance其他负债Other liabilities2201 待转资产价值Pending changerover assets value2211 预计负债Anticipation liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities2301 长期借款Long-term loans一年内到期的长期借款Long-term loans due within one year一年后到期的长期借款Long-term loans due over one year2311 应付债券Bonds payable231101 债券面值Face value, Par value231102 债券溢价Premium on bonds231103 债券折价Discount on bonds231104 应计利息Accrued interest2321 长期应付款Long-term account payable应付融资租赁款Accrued financial lease outlay一年内到期的长期应付Long-term account payable due within one year一年后到期的长期应付Long-term account payable over one year 2331 专项应付款Special payable一年内到期的专项应付Long-term special payable due within one year一年后到期的专项应付Long-term special payable over one year 2341 递延税款Deferral taxes三、所有者权益类OWNERS' EQUITY资本Capital3101 实收资本(或股本) Paid-up capital(or stock)实收资本Paicl-up capital实收股本Paid-up stock3103 已归还投资Investment Returned公积3111 资本公积Capital reserve311101 资本(或股本)溢价Cpital(or Stock) premium311102 接受捐赠非现金资产准备Receive non-cash donate reserve311103 股权投资准备Stock right investment reserves311105 拨款转入Allocate sums changeover in311106 外币资本折算差额Foreign currency capital311107 其他资本公积Other capital reserve3121 盈余公积Surplus reserves312101 法定盈余公积Legal surplus312102 任意盈余公积Free surplus reserves312103 法定公益金Legal public welfare fund312104 储备基金Reserve fund312105 企业发展基金Enterprise expension fund312106 利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment 利润Profits3131 本年利润Current year profits3141 利润分配Profit distribution314101 其他转入Other chengeover in314102 提取法定盈余公积Withdrawal legal surplus314103 提取法定公益金Withdrawal legal public welfare funds 314104 提取储备基金Withdrawal reserve fund314105 提取企业发展基金Withdrawal reserve for business expansion314106 提取职工奖励及福利基金Withdrawal staff and workers' bonus and welfare fund314107 利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment 314108 应付优先股股利Preferred Stock dividends payable 314109 提取任意盈余公积Withdrawal other common accumulation fund314110 应付普通股股利Common Stock dividends payable 314111 转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利Common Stock dividends change to assets(or stock)314115 未分配利润Undistributed profit四、成本类Cost4101 生产成本Cost of manufacture410101 基本生产成本Base cost of manufacture410102 辅助生产成本Auxiliary cost of manufacture4105 制造费用Manufacturing overhead材料费Materials管理人员工资Executive Salaries奖金Wages退职金Retirement allowance补贴Bonus外保劳务费Outsourcing fee福利费Employee benefits/welfare会议费Coferemce加班餐费Special duties市内交通费Business traveling通讯费Correspondence电话费Correspondence水电取暖费Water and Steam税费Taxes and dues租赁费Rent管理费Maintenance车辆维护费Vehicles maintenance油料费Vehicles maintenance培训费Education and training接待费Entertainment图书、印刷费Books and printing运费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium支付手续费Commission杂费Sundry charges折旧费Depreciation expense机物料消耗Article of consumption劳动保护费Labor protection fees季节性停工损失Loss on seasonality cessation4107 劳务成本Service costs五、损益类Profit and loss收入Income业务收入OPERATING INCOME5101 主营业务收入Prime operating revenue产品销售收入Sales revenue服务收入Service revenue5102 其他业务收入Other operating revenue材料销售Sales materials代购代售包装物出租Wrappage lease出让资产使用权收入Remise right of assets revenue返还所得税Reimbursement of income tax其他收入Other revenue5201 投资收益Investment income短期投资收益Current investment income长期投资收益Long-term investment income计提的委托贷款减值准备Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves 5203 补贴收入Subsidize revenue国家扶持补贴收入Subsidize revenue from country其他补贴收入Other subsidize revenue5301 营业外收入NON-OPERATING INCOME非货币性交易收益Non-cash deal income现金溢余Cash overage处置固定资产净收益Net income on disposal of fixed assets 出售无形资产收益Income on sales of intangible assets固定资产盘盈Fixed assets inventory profit罚款净收入Net amercement income支出Outlay业务支出Revenue charges5401 主营业务成本Operating costs产品销售成本Cost of goods sold服务成本Cost of service5402 主营业务税金及附加Tax and associate charge营业税Sales tax消费税Consumption tax城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities资源税Resources tax土地增值税Increment tax on land value5405 其他业务支出Other business expense销售其他材料成本Other cost of material sale其他劳务成本Other cost of service其他业务税金及附加费Other tax and associate charge费用Expenses5501 营业费用Operating expenses代销手续费Consignment commission charge运杂费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium展览费Exhibition fees广告费Advertising fees5502 管理费用Adminisstrative expenses职工工资Staff Salaries修理费Repair charge低值易耗摊销Article of consumption办公费Office allowance差旅费Travelling expense工会经费Labour union expenditure研究与开发费Research and development expense 福利费Employee benefits/welfare职工教育经费Personnel education待业保险费Unemployment insurance劳动保险费Labour insurance医疗保险费Medical insurance会议费Coferemce聘请中介机构费Intermediary organs咨询费Consult fees诉讼费Legal cost业务招待费Business entertainment技术转让费Technology transfer fees矿产资源补偿费Mineral resources compensation fees排污费Pollution discharge fees房产税Housing property tax车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) 土地使用税Tenure tax印花税Stamp tax5503 财务费用Finance charge利息支出Interest exchange汇兑损失Foreign exchange loss各项手续费Charge for trouble各项专门借款费用Special-borrowing cost5601 营业外支出Nonbusiness expenditure捐赠支出Donation outlay减值准备金Depreciation reserves非常损失Extraordinary loss处理固定资产净损失Net loss on disposal of fixed assets出售无形资产损失Loss on sales of intangible assets固定资产盘亏Fixed assets inventory loss债务重组损失Loss on arrangement罚款支出Amercement outlay5701 所得税Income tax以前年度损益调整Prior year income adjustmentChart of AccountsChinese B.E.现金Cash on Hand银行存款Cash in Bank其他货币资金Other Monetary Funds短期投资Short-Term Investments短期投资跌价准备Reserve against Price Decline of Short-Term Investments应收票据Notes Receivable应收股利Dividends Receivable应收利息Interests Receivable应收帐款Accounts Receivable坏帐准备Provision for Bad Debts预付帐款Prepayments应收补贴款Grant-in-Aid Receivable其他应收款Other Receivables在途物资Materials in Transit原材料Materials and Supplies包装物Containers低值易耗品Low-Priced and Perishable Articles库存商品Goods in Stock委托加工物资Customers' Materials to Be Processed委托代销商品Consignment-out受托代销商品Consignment-in存货跌价准备Reserve for Inventory Price Decline分期收款发出商品Merchandise Shipped on Installment sales待摊费用Prepaid Expense长期股权投资Long-Term Investments in Stock Ownership 长期债权投资Long-Term Investments in Claimable Assets 长期投资减值准备Reserve for Depreciation of Long-Term Investments固定资产Fixed Assets累计折旧Accumulated Depreciation工程物资Engineering Material在建工程Construction in Progress固定资产清理Disposal of Fixed Assets无形资产Intangible Assets开办费Organization Expense长期待摊费用Long-Term Prepaid Expense待处理财产损益Property Losses and Gains in Suspense短期借款Short-Term Loans应付票据Notes Payable应付帐款Accounts Payable预收帐款Advance Received代销商品款Consignment-in应付工资Accrued Payroll应付福利费Welfare Expense Payable 应付股利Dividends Payable应交税金Taxes Payable其他应交款Other Payables其他应付款Other Accrued Payable预提费用Withdrawal in Advance长期借款Long-Term Loans应付债券Depentures Payable长期应付款Long-Term Payables递延税款Deferred Tax住房周转金Housing Revolving Fund 股本Capital Stock资本公积Capital Surplus盈余公积Surplus本年利润Current Year Net Income利润分配Profit Distribution生产成本Costs of Production制造费用Manufacturing Expenses主营业务收入Income from Main Operation主营业务成本Costs of Main Operation其他业务收入Income from Other Operations其他业务支出Other Business Expenditure营业外收入Non-Operating Income营业外支出Non-Operating Expenses投资收益Investment Income补贴收入Subsidies营业费用Operating Expenses管理费用General and Administrative Expense财务费用Financial Expenses主营业务税金及附加Main Operation Tax and Additional Expenses折扣与折让Discounts and Allowances所得税Income Tax存货跌价损失Loss on Decline in Price of Inventories以前年度损益调整Adjustment to Prior Year's Income and Expense税务专用词汇State Administration for Taxation 国家税务总局Local Taxation bureau 地方税务局Business Tax 营业税Individual Income Tax 个人所得税Income Tax for Enterprises企业所得税Income Tax for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises外商投资企业和外国企业所得税tax returns filing 纳税申报taxes payable 应交税金the assessable period for tax payment 纳税期限the timing of tax liability arising 纳税义务发生时间consolidate reporting 合并申报the local competent tax authority 当地主管税务机关the outbound business activity 外出经营活动Tax Inspection Report 纳税检查报告tax avoidance 逃税tax evasion 避税tax base 税基refund after collection 先征后退withhold and remit tax 代扣代缴collect and remit tax 代收代缴income from authors remuneration 稿酬所得income from remuneration for personal service 劳务报酬所得。
论述资产负债表、损益表、现金流量表的关系
论述资产负债表、损益表、现金流量表的关系1.资产负债表资产负债表（the Balance Sheet)亦称财务状况表，表示企业在一定日期（通常为各会计期末）的财务状况（即资产、负债和业主权益的状况）的主要会计报表，资产负债表利用会计平衡原则，将合乎会计原则的资产、负债、股东权益”交易科目分为“资产”和“负债及股东权益”两大区块，在经过分录、转帐、分类帐、试算、调整等等会计程序后，以特定日期的静态企业情况为基准，浓缩成一张报表。
其报表功用除了企业内部除错、经营方向、防止弊端外，也可让所有阅读者于最短时间了解企业经营状况。
2.损益表损益表(Income Statement) 是反映企业在一定时期内(月份、年度) 经营成果(利润或亏损) 的报表。
利用损益表，可以评价一个企业的经营成果和投资效率，分析企业的盈利能力及未来一定时期的盈利趋势。
损益表属动态报表。
损益表（或利润表、损益平衡表）是用以反映公司在一定期间利润实现(或发生亏损)的财务报表。
损益表可以为报表的阅读者提供作出合理的经济决策所需要的有关资料, 可用来分析利润增减变化的原因, 公司的经营成本, 作出投资价值评价等。
损益表的项目，按利润构成和分配分为两个部分。
其利润构成部分先列示销售收入，然后减去销售成本得出销售利润；再减去各种费用后得出营业利润(或亏损)；再加减营业外收入和支出后，即为利润(亏损)总额。
利润分配部分先将利润总额减去应交所得税后得出税后利润；其下即为按分配方案提取的公积金和应付利润；如有余额，即为未分配利润。
损益表中的利润分配部分如单独划出列示，则为“利润分配表”。
3.现金流量表现金流量表（statement of cash flows）是财务报表的三个基本报告之一，也叫账务状况变动表，所表达的是在一固定期间(通常是每月或每季)内，一家机构的现金(包含现金等价物) 的增减变动情形。
现金流量表是反映一家公司在一定时期现金流进和现金流出动态状况的报表。
资产负债表与损益表的勾稽关系
资产负债表与损益表的勾稽关系资产负债表与损益表的勾稽关系：一、资产负债表中的未分配利润期末数减期初数等于损益表中的本年累计数!（有一个前提——未进行以前年度损益调整。
）二、前期报表与本期报表的关系，即本期报表中有关项目的期初数等于上期报表的期末数，本期报表中有关项目的累计数是上期报表的累计数加本期发生数；三、1、产品销售利润=产品销售收入一产品销售成本一产品销售费用一产品销售税金及附加2、利润总额=营业利润+投资收益十营业外收入一营业外支出3、净利润=利润总额一所得税四、1、“主营业务收入”项目（或“产品销售收入”、“商品销售收入”），审查月份报表时，该项目的数字可与“产品销售收入”科目的当月贷方发生额减去当月借方发生额中的销售退回和销售折让后的净额相核对（或减去“销售折扣与折让”科目的借方发生额）。
在审查年度报表时，该项目可与“产品销售收入”科目的全年贷方发生额扣除销售折扣和折让后的净额相核对。
通过核对，可检验二者是否一致。
2、“营业成本”项目（或“产品销售成本”，“商品销售成本”以下均相同），可与“产品销售成本”科目的借方发生额相核对。
审查月份报表时与当月借方发生额相核对，审查年度报表时与全年借方发生额相核对。
3、“营业费用”项目，营业费用由销售费用、仓储费用、进货费用（扣除结存商品应分摊部分）、管理费用和财务费用几项组成，可与有关项目的当月借方发生额、全年借方发生额相核对，工业制造业的“产品销售费用”项目，应与“产品销售费用”科目的借方发生额相核对。
4、“营业税金”项目，应与“营业税金科目的借方发生额分析核对看是否相符。
工业制造业的”产品销售税金及附加项目，应与“产品销售税金及附加”科目的借方发生额分析核对，看是否相符。
5、“其他业务利润”项目，可与“其他业务支出的有效数额相核对，或与”营业收入“、”营业支出“、”营业成本有关明细科目的发生额以及“销售费用”、“管理费用”、“财务费用”、进货费用“、”营业税金“等科目的发生额进行分析核对，看是否相符。
资产负债表和损益表模板
资产负债表和损益表模板以下是一份常见的资产负债表和损益表模板：资产负债表模板：
资产
-----------------
流动资产
- 现金和现金等价物
- 应收账款
- 存货
- 其他流动资产
非流动资产
- 长期投资
- 不动产、厂房和设备
- 无形资产
- 其他非流动资产
总资产
负债和所有者权益
----------------------------
流动负债
- 短期借款
- 应付账款
- 应付工资和薪水
- 其他流动负债
长期负债
- 长期借款
- 应付债券
- 其他长期负债
所有者权益
- 股本
- 盈余公积金
- 未分配利润
总负债和所有者权益损益表模板：
收入
---------------
销售收入
服务收入
其他收入
总收入
成本和费用
----------------------
销售成本
经营费用
利息费用
税务费用
其他费用
总成本和费用
利润
----------------
净利润
这只是一个简单的模板，可以根据企业的需求来进行调整和扩展。
每个企业的资产负债表和损益表可能会有所不同，具体的科目和金额需要根据企业的实际情况填写。
编制资产负债表和损益表如何编制
编制资产负债表和损益表如何编制一，资产负债表：根据总账余额直接填列：应收股利，短期借款，应付票据。
根据总账余额计算填列“货币资金”项目=现金+银行存款+其他货币资金“其他应收款”项目=其他应收款—计提坏账准备“存货”项目=在途物资+库存商品+生产成本—存货跌价准备“固定资产”项目=固定资产—累计折旧—固定资产减值准备“无形资产”项目=无形资产—累计摊销—无形资产减值准备根据明细账余额分析填列应收账款=借方合计—坏账准备预收账款=贷方合计应付账款=贷方合计预付账款=借方合计待摊费用=待摊费用借方+预提费用借方+一年内到期的长期待摊费用预提费用=预提费用贷方+待摊费用贷方。
二，利润表：第一步：从营业收入出发，减去营业成本、营业税金及附加、销售费用、管理费用、财务费用、资产减值损失、加上公允价值变动损益和投资收益，计算得出营业利润。
第二步：以营业利润为基础，加上营业外收入，减去营业外支出，即可计算得出利润总额。
第四步：以利润总额为基础，减去所得税费用，计算得出净利润。
如果利润表的格式要求反映利润分配情况，还要增加两个步骤：其一，以净利润加上前期未分配利润等，计算得出可供分配的利润；其二，从可供分配的利润中减去提取的法定盈余公积金、法定公益金并向投资者分配利润后，得出未分配利润。
如果利润表不反映利润分配情况，可在利润表之外单独编制利润分配表予以揭示。
现行会计制度就是按照后一种方式来列示利润分配情况的。
简单点说吧：第一步，以主营业务收入为基础，减去主营业务成本和主营业务税金及附加，计算主营业务利润；第二步，以主营业务利润为基础，加上其他业务利润，减去营业费用、管理费用、财务费用，计算出营业利润；第三步，以营业利润为基础，加上投资净收益、补贴收入、营业外收入，减去营业外支出，计算出利润总额；第四步，以利润总额为基础，减去所得税，计算净利润(或净亏损)。
一、编制资产负债表的方法：资产负债表的平衡公式：资产=负债+所有者权益资产负债表是根据总账账户期末余额分析填列的。
完整资产负债表和损益表
完整资产负债表和损益表负债表：1 资产assets11~ 12 流动资产current assets111 现金及约当现金cash and cash equivalents1111 库存现金cash on hand1112 零用金/周转金petty cash/revolving funds1113 银行存款cash in banks1116 在途现金cash in transit1117 约当现金cash equivalents1118 其它现金及约当现金other cash and cash equivalents112 短期投资short-term investment1121 短期投资-股票short-term investments - stock1122 短期投资-短期票券short-term investments - short-term notes and bills1123 短期投资-政府债券short-term investments - government bonds1124 短期投资-受益凭证short-term investments - beneficiary certificates1125 短期投资-公司债short-term investments - corporate bonds 1128 短期投资-其它short-term investments - other1129 备抵短期投资跌价损失allowance for reduction of short-term investment to market113 应收票据notes receivable1131 应收票据notes receivable1132 应收票据贴现discounted notes receivable1137 应收票据-关系人notes receivable - related parties1138 其它应收票据other notes receivable1139 备抵呆帐－应收票据allowance for uncollectible accounts- notes receivable114 应收账款accounts receivable1141 应收账款accounts receivable1142 应收分期账款installment accounts receivable1147 应收账款-关系人accounts receivable - related parties 1149 备抵呆帐－应收账款allowance for uncollectible accounts - accounts receivable118 其它应收款other receivables1181 应收出售远汇款forward exchange contract receivable1182 应收远汇款-外币forward exchange contract receivable - foreign currencies1183 买卖远汇折价discount on forward exchange contract1184 应收收益earned revenue receivable1185 应收退税款income tax refund receivable1187 其它应收款- 关系人other receivables - related parties 1188 其它应收款- 其它other receivables - other1189 备抵呆帐- 其它应收款allowance for uncollectible accounts - other receivables121~122 存货inventories1211 商品存货merchandise inventory1212 寄销商品consigned goods1213 在途商品goods in transit1219 备抵存货跌价损失allowance for reduction of inventory to market1221 制成品finished goods1222 寄销制成品consigned finished goods1223 副产品by-products1224 在制品work in process1225 委外加工work in process - outsourced1226 原料raw materials1227 物料supplies1228 在途原物料materials and supplies in transit1229 备抵存货跌价损失allowance for reduction of inventory to market125 预付费用prepaid expenses1251 预付薪资prepaid payroll1252 预付租金prepaid rents1253 预付保险费prepaid insurance1254 用品盘存office supplies1255 预付所得税prepaid income tax1258 其它预付费用other prepaid expenses126 预付款项prepayments1261 预付货款prepayment for purchases1268 其它预付款项other prepayments128~129 其它流动资产other current assets1281 进项税额VAT paid ( or input tax)1282 留抵税额excess VAT paid (or overpaid VAT)1283 暂付款temporary payments1284 代付款payment on behalf of others1285 员工借支advances to employees1286 存出保证金refundable deposits1287 受限制存款certificate of deposit-restricted1291 递延所得税资产deferred income tax assets1292 递延兑换损失deferred foreign exchange losses 1293 业主(股东)往来owners(stockholders) current account 1294 同业往来current account with others1298 其它流动资产-其它other current assets - other13 基金及长期投资funds and long-term investments131 基金funds1311 偿债基金redemption fund (or sinking fund)1312 改良及扩充基金fund for improvement and expansion1313 意外损失准备基金contingency fund1314 退休基金pension fund1318 其它基金other funds132 长期投资long-term investments1321 长期股权投资long-term equity investments1322 长期债券投资long-term bond investments1323 长期不动产投资long-term real estate investments1324 人寿保险现金解约价值cash surrender value of life insurance1328 其它长期投资other long-term investments1329 备抵长期投资跌价损失allowance for excess of cost over market value of long-term investments14~ 15 固定资产property , plant, and equipment141 土地land1411 土地land1418 土地-重估增值land - revaluation increments142 土地改良物land improvements1421 土地改良物land improvements1428 土地改良物-重估增值land improvements - revaluationincrements1429 累积折旧-土地改良物accumulated depreciation - land improvements143 房屋及建物buildings1431 房屋及建物buildings1438 房屋及建物-重估增值buildings -revaluation increments 1439 累积折旧-房屋及建物accumulated depreciation - buildings 144~146 机(器)具及设备machinery and equipment1441 机(器)具machinery1448 机(器)具-重估增值machinery - revaluation increments 1449 累积折旧-机(器)具accumulated depreciation - machinery 151 租赁资产leased assets1511 租赁资产leased assets1519 累积折旧-租赁资产accumulated depreciation - leased assets152 租赁权益改良leasehold improvements1521 租赁权益改良leasehold improvements1529 累积折旧- 租赁权益改良accumulated depreciation - leasehold improvements156 未完工程及预付购置设备款construction in progress and prepayments for equipment1561 未完工程construction in progress1562 预付购置设备款prepayment for equipment158 杂项固定资产miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment 1581 杂项固定资产miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment 1588 杂项固定资产-重估增值miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment - revaluation increments1589 累积折旧- 杂项固定资产accumulated depreciation - miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment16 递耗资产depletable assets161 递耗资产depletable assets1611 天然资源natural resources1618 天然资源-重估增值natural resources -revaluation increments1619 累积折耗-天然资源accumulated depletion - natural resources17 无形资产intangible assets171 商标权trademarks1711 商标权trademarks172 专利权patents1721 专利权patents173 特许权franchise1731 特许权franchise174 著作权copyright1741 著作权copyright175 计算机软件computer software1751 计算机软件computer software cost176 商誉goodwill1761 商誉goodwill177 开办费organization costs1771 开办费organization costs178 其它无形资产other intangibles1781 递延退休金成本deferred pension costs1782 租赁权益改良leasehold improvements1788 其它无形资产-其它other intangible assets - other18 其它资产other assets181 递延资产deferred assets1811 债券发行成本deferred bond issuance costs1812 长期预付租金long-term prepaid rent1813 长期预付保险费long-term prepaid insurance1814 递延所得税资产deferred income tax assets1815 预付退休金prepaid pension cost1818 其它递延资产other deferred assets182 闲置资产idle assets1821 闲置资产idle assets184 长期应收票据及款项与催收账款long-term notes , accountsand overdue receivables1841 长期应收票据long-term notes receivable1842 长期应收账款long-term accounts receivable1843 催收账款overdue receivables1847 长期应收票据及款项与催收账款-关系人long-term notes, accounts and overdue receivables- related parties1848 其它长期应收款项other long-term receivables1849 备抵呆帐-长期应收票据及款项与催收账款allowance for uncollectible accounts - long-term notes, accounts and overdue receivables185 出租资产assets leased to others1851 出租资产assets leased to others1858 出租资产-重估增值assets leased to others - incremental value from revaluation1859 累积折旧-出租资产accumulated depreciation - assets leased to others186 存出保证金refundable deposit1861 存出保证金refundable deposits188 杂项资产miscellaneous assets1881 受限制存款certificate of deposit - restricted1888 杂项资产-其它miscellaneous assets - other2 负债liabilities21~ 22 流动负债current liabilities211 短期借款short-term borrowings(debt)2111 银行透支bank overdraft2112 银行借款bank loan2114 短期借款-业主short-term borrowings - owners2115 短期借款-员工short-term borrowings - employees2117 短期借款-关系人short-term borrowings- related parties 2118 短期借款-其它short-term borrowings - other212 应付短期票券short-term notes and bills payable2121 应付商业本票commercial paper payable2122 银行承兑汇票bank acceptance2128 其它应付短期票券other short-term notes and bills payable 2129 应付短期票券折价discount on short-term notes and bills payable213 应付票据notes payable2131 应付票据notes payable2137 应付票据-关系人notes payable - related parties2138 其它应付票据other notes payable214 应付账款accounts payable2141 应付账款accounts payable2147 应付账款-关系人accounts payable - related parties216 应付所得税income taxes payable2161 应付所得税income tax payable217 应付费用accrued expenses2171 应付薪工accrued payroll2172 应付租金accrued rent payable2173 应付利息accrued interest payable2174 应付营业税accrued VAT payable2175 应付税捐-其它accrued taxes payable- other2178 其它应付费用other accrued expenses payable218~219 其它应付款other payables2181 应付购入远汇款forward exchange contract payable2182 应付远汇款-外币forward exchange contract payable - foreign currencies2183 买卖远汇溢价premium on forward exchange contract2184 应付土地房屋款payables on land and building purchased 2185 应付设备款Payables on equipment2187 其它应付款-关系人other payables - related parties2191 应付股利dividend payable2192 应付红利bonus payable2193 应付董监事酬劳compensation payable to directors and supervisors2198 其它应付款-其它other payables - other226 预收款项advance receipts2261 预收货款sales revenue received in advance2262 预收收入revenue received in advance2268 其它预收款other advance receipts227 一年或一营业周期内到期长期负债long-term liabilities -current portion2271 一年或一营业周期内到期公司债corporate bonds payable - current portion2272 一年或一营业周期内到期长期借款long-term loans payable - current portion2273 一年或一营业周期内到期长期应付票据及款项long-term notes and accounts payable due within one year or one operating cycle2277 一年或一营业周期内到期长期应付票据及款项-关系人long-term notes and accounts payables to related parties - current portion2278 其它一年或一营业周期内到期长期负债other long-term liabilities - current portion228~229 其它流动负债other current liabilities2281 销项税额VAT received(or output tax)2283 暂收款temporary receipts2284 代收款receipts under custody2285 估计售后服务/保固负债estimated warranty liabilities2291 递延所得税负债deferred income tax liabilities2292 递延兑换利益deferred foreign exchange gain2293 业主(股东)往来owners current account2294 同业往来current account with others2298 其它流动负债-其它other current liabilities - others23 长期负债long-term liabilities231 应付公司债corporate bonds payable2311 应付公司债corporate bonds payable2319 应付公司债溢(折)价premium(discount) on corporate bonds payable232 长期借款long-term loans payable2321 长期银行借款long-term loans payable - bank2324 长期借款-业主long-term loans payable - owners2325 长期借款-员工long-term loans payable - employees2327 长期借款-关系人long-term loans payable - related parties 2328 长期借款-其它long-term loans payable - other233 长期应付票据及款项long-term notes and accounts payable 2331 长期应付票据long-term notes payable2332 长期应付账款long-term accounts pay-able2333 长期应付租赁负债long-term capital lease liabilities2337 长期应付票据及款项-关系人Long-term notes and accountspayable - related parties2338 其它长期应付款项other long-term payables234 估计应付土地增值税accrued liabilities for land value increment tax2341 估计应付土地增值税estimated accrued land value incremental tax pay-able235 应计退休金负债accrued pension liabilities2351 应计退休金负债accrued pension liabilities238 其它长期负债other long-term liabilities2388 其它长期负债-其它other long-term liabilities - other28 其它负债other liabilities281 递延负债deferred liabilities2811 递延收入deferred revenue2814 递延所得税负债deferred income tax liabilities2818 其它递延负债other deferred liabilities286 存入保证金deposits received2861 存入保证金guarantee deposit received288 杂项负债miscellaneous liabilities2888 杂项负债-其它miscellaneous liabilities损益表：项目ITEMS产品销售收入Sales其中：出口产品销售收入Including：Export sales减：销售折扣与折让Less：Sales discounts and allowances产品销售净额Net sales减：产品销售税金Less：Sales tax产品销售成本Cost of sales其中：出口产品销售成本Including：Cost of export sales产品销售毛利Gross profit减：销售费用Less：Selling expense管理费用General and administrative expense财务费用Financial expense其中：利息支出(减利息收入) Including：Interest expense ( less interest income )汇兑损失(减汇兑收益) Exchange loss ( less exchange gain )产品销售利润Income from main operation加：其他业务利润Add：Income from other operations营业利润Operating income加：投资收益Add：Investment income营业外收入Non-operating income减：营业外支出Less：Non-operating expense加：以前年度损益调整Add：Adjustment to prior year\'s income and expense利润总额Income before tax减：所得税Less：Income tax净利润NET INCOME 资金量资产负债表Balance Sheet资产ASSETS流动资产：Current asset货币资金Cash（currency fund）Bank短期投资Short-term investment应收票据Notes receivable应收股利Dividends receivable应收利息Interests receivable应收账款Accounts receivable其他应收款Other receivable预付账款Advances to suppliers应收补贴款Subsidies receivable存货Inventories待摊费用Prepaid expenses一年内到期的长期债券投资Long-term investments maturing within one year其他流动资产Other current assets流动资产合计T otal current assets长期投资：LONG TERM INVESTMENTS长期股权投资Long-term equity investment长期债权投资Long-term debt investment长期投资合计T otal long term investment固定资产：FIXED ASSETS：固定资产原值Fixed assets-cost减：累计折旧Less：Accumulated depreciation固定资产净值Fixed assets-net value减：固定资产减值准备Less: Impairment of fixed assets固定资产净额Fixed assets-book value工程物资Materials for projects在建工程Construction in progress固定资产清理Disposal of fixed assets固定资产合计T otal Fixed Assets无形资产及其它资产INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND OTHER ASSETS:无形资产Intangible assets长期待摊费用Long-term deferred expenses其他长期资产Other long-term assets无形资产及其他资产合计T otal intangible assets and other assets递延税项Deferred tax递延税款借项Deferred tax debit资产总计TOTAL ASSETS负债及所有者权益（或股东权益）LIABILITIES AND OWNER`S EQUITY流动负债：CURRENT LIABILITIES短期借款Short-term loans应付票据Notes payable应付账款Accounts payable预收账款Advances from customers应付工资Accrued payroll应付福利费Accrued Employee’s welfare e xpenses应付股利Dividends payable未交税金Taxes payable其他应交款Other taxes and expenses payable其他应付款Other payables预提费用Accrued expenses预提负债Provisions一年内到期的长期负债Long-term liabilities due within one year其他流动负债Other current liabilities流动负债合计T otal current liabilities长期负债：LONG-TERM LIABILITIES：长期借款Long-term loans应付债券Bonds payable长期应付款Long-term accounts payable专项应付款Specific accounts payable其他长期负债Other long-term liabilities长期负债合计T otal long-term liabilities递延税项：Deferred tax递延税款贷项Deferred tax credit负债合计Total other liabilities所有者权益：（或股东权益）OWNER`S EQUITY实收资本（或股本）Paid-in capital减：已归还投资Less：Investments returned实收资本（或股本）净额Paid-in capital-net资本公积Capital surplus盈余公积Surplus from profits其中：法定公益金Including：statutory public welfare fund未分配利润Undistributed profit所有者权益（或股东权益）合计Total owner`s equity负债及所有者权益（或股东权益）合计TOTAL LIABILITIES AND OWNER`S EQUITY损益表Profit and Loss Statement项目ITEMS一、营业收入Income from main operation减：营业成本Less：Cost of main operation营业税金及附加Tax and additional expense二、经营利润Income from main operation加：其他业务利润Add：Income from other operation 减：营业费用Less：Operating expense管理费用General and administrative expense财务费用Financial expense三、营业利润Operating Income加：投资收益Add：Investment income补贴收入Income from subsidies营业外收入Non-operating income减：营业外支出Less：Non-operating expense四、利润总额Income before tax减：所得税Less：Income tax五、净利润NET INCOME会计科目中英文对照表一、资产类Assets流动资产Current assets货币资金Cash and cash equivalents1001现金Cash1002 银行存款Cash in bank1009 其他货币资金Other cash and cash equivalents100901 外埠存款Other city Cash in bank100902 银行本票Cashier's cheque100903 银行汇票Bank draft100904 信用卡Credit card100905 信用证保证金L/C Guarantee deposits100906 存出投资款Refundable deposits1101 短期投资Short-term investments110101 股票Short-term investments - stock110102 债券Short-term investments - corporate bonds110103 基金Short-term investments - corporate funds110110 其他Short-term investments - other1102 短期投资跌价准备Short-term investments falling price reserves应收款Account receivable1111 应收票据Note receivable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance1121 应收股利Dividend receivable1122 应收利息Interest receivable1131 应收账款Account receivable1133 其他应收款Other notes receivable1141 坏账准备Bad debt reserves1151 预付账款Advance money1161 应收补贴款Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable库存资产Inventories1201 物资采购Supplies purchasing1211 原材料Raw materials1221 包装物Wrappage1231 低值易耗品Low-value consumption goods1232 材料成本差异Materials cost variance1241 自制半成品Semi-Finished goods1243 库存商品Finished goods1244 商品进销差价Differences between purchasing and selling price1251 委托加工物资Work in process - outsourced1261 委托代销商品Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis1271 受托代销商品Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis1281 存货跌价准备Inventory falling price reserves1291 分期收款发出商品Collect money and send out the goods by stages1301 待摊费用Deferred and prepaid expenses长期投资Long-term investment1401 长期股权投资Long-term investment on stocks140101 股票投资Investment on stocks140102 其他股权投资Other investment on stocks1402 长期债权投资Long-term investment on bonds140201 债券投资Investment on bonds140202 其他债权投资Other investment on bonds1421 长期投资减值准备Long-term investments depreciation reserves股权投资减值准备Stock rights investment depreciation reserves 债权投资减值准备Bcreditor's rights investment depreciation reserves1431 委托贷款Entrust loans143101 本金Principal143102 利息Interest143103 减值准备Depreciation reserves1501 固定资产Fixed assets房屋Building建筑物Structure机器设备Machinery equipment运输设备Transportation facilities工具器具Instruments and implement1502 累计折旧Accumulated depreciation1505 固定资产减值准备Fixed assets depreciation reserves房屋、建筑物减值准备Building/structure depreciation reserves机器设备减值准备Machinery equipment depreciation reserves 1601 工程物资Project goods and material160101 专用材料Special-purpose material160102 专用设备Special-purpose equipment160103 预付大型设备款Prepayments for equipment160104 为生产准备的工具及器具Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate1603 在建工程Construction-in-process安装工程Erection works在安装设备Erecting equipment-in-process技术改造工程T echnical innovation project大修理工程General overhaul project1605 在建工程减值准备Construction-in-process depreciation reserves1701 固定资产清理Liquidation of fixed assets1801 无形资产Intangible assets专利权Patents非专利技术Non-Patents商标权Trademarks, Trade names著作权Copyrights土地使用权T enure商誉Goodwill1805 无形资产减值准备Intangible Assets depreciation reserves 专利权减值准备Patent rights depreciation reserves商标权减值准备trademark rights depreciation reserves1815 未确认融资费用Unacknowledged financial charges待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income1901 长期待摊费用Long-term deferred and prepaid expenses 1911 待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income191101待处理流动资产损溢Wait deal intangible assets loss or income191102待处理固定资产损溢Wait deal fixed assets loss or income 二、负债类Liability短期负债Current liability2101 短期借款Short-term borrowing2111 应付票据Notes payable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance2121 应付账款Account payable2131 预收账款Deposit received2141 代销商品款Proxy sale goods revenue2151 应付工资Accrued wages2153 应付福利费Accrued welfarism2161 应付股利Dividends payable2171 应交税金Tax payable217101 应交增值税value added tax payable21710101 进项税额Withholdings on VAT21710102 已交税金Paying tax21710103 转出未交增值税Unpaid VAT changeover21710104 减免税款Tax deduction21710105 销项税额Substituted money on VAT21710106 出口退税Tax reimbursement for export21710107 进项税额转出Changeover withnoldings on VAT 21710108 出口抵减内销产品应纳税额Export deduct domestic sales goods tax21710109 转出多交增值税Overpaid VAT changeover21710110 未交增值税Unpaid VAT217102 应交营业税Business tax payable217103 应交消费税Consumption tax payable217104 应交资源税Resources tax payable217105 应交所得税Income tax payable217106 应交土地增值税Increment tax on land value payable 217107 应交城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities payable217108 应交房产税Housing property tax payable217109 应交土地使用税T enure tax payable217110 应交车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) payable217111 应交个人所得税Personal income tax payable2176 其他应交款Other fund in conformity with paying2181 其他应付款Other payables2191 预提费用Drawing expense in advance其他负债Other liabilities2201 待转资产价值Pending changerover assets value2211 预计负债Anticipation liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities2301 长期借款Long-term loans一年内到期的长期借款Long-term loans due within one year一年后到期的长期借款Long-term loans due over one year2311 应付债券Bonds payable231101 债券面值Face value, Par value231102 债券溢价Premium on bonds231103 债券折价Discount on bonds231104 应计利息Accrued interest2321 长期应付款Long-term account payable应付融资租赁款Accrued financial lease outlay一年内到期的长期应付Long-term account payable due within one year一年后到期的长期应付Long-term account payable over one year 2331 专项应付款Special payable一年内到期的专项应付Long-term special payable due within one year一年后到期的专项应付Long-term special payable over one year 2341 递延税款Deferral taxes三、所有者权益类OWNERS' EQUITY资本Capital3101 实收资本(或股本) Paid-up capital(or stock)实收资本Paicl-up capital实收股本Paid-up stock3103 已归还投资Investment Returned公积3111 资本公积Capital reserve311101 资本(或股本)溢价Cpital(or Stock) premium311102 接受捐赠非现金资产准备Receive non-cash donatereserve311103 股权投资准备Stock right investment reserves311105 拨款转入Allocate sums changeover in311106 外币资本折算差额Foreign currency capital311107 其他资本公积Other capital reserve3121 盈余公积Surplus reserves312101 法定盈余公积Legal surplus312102 任意盈余公积Free surplus reserves312103 法定公益金Legal public welfare fund312104 储备基金Reserve fund312105 企业发展基金Enterprise expension fund312106 利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment 利润Profits3131 本年利润Current year profits3141 利润分配Profit distribution314101 其他转入Other chengeover in314102 提取法定盈余公积Withdrawal legal surplus314103 提取法定公益金Withdrawal legal public welfare funds 314104 提取储备基金Withdrawal reserve fund314105 提取企业发展基金Withdrawal reserve for business expansion314106 提取职工奖励及福利基金Withdrawal staff and workers'bonus and welfare fund314107 利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment 314108 应付优先股股利Preferred Stock dividends payable 314109 提取任意盈余公积Withdrawal other common accumulation fund314110 应付普通股股利Common Stock dividends payable 314111 转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利Common Stock dividends change to assets(or stock)314115 未分配利润Undistributed profit四、成本类Cost4101 生产成本Cost of manufacture410101 基本生产成本Base cost of manufacture410102 辅助生产成本Auxiliary cost of manufacture4105 制造费用Manufacturing overhead材料费Materials管理人员工资Executive Salaries奖金Wages退职金Retirement allowance补贴Bonus外保劳务费Outsourcing fee福利费Employee benefits/welfare会议费Coferemce加班餐费Special duties市内交通费Business traveling通讯费Correspondence电话费Correspondence水电取暖费Water and Steam税费Taxes and dues租赁费Rent管理费Maintenance车辆维护费Vehicles maintenance油料费Vehicles maintenance培训费Education and training接待费Entertainment图书、印刷费Books and printing运费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium支付手续费Commission杂费Sundry charges折旧费Depreciation expense机物料消耗Article of consumption劳动保护费Labor protection fees季节性停工损失Loss on seasonality cessation 4107 劳务成本Service costs五、损益类Profit and loss收入Income业务收入OPERATING INCOME5101 主营业务收入Prime operating revenue产品销售收入Sales revenue服务收入Service revenue5102 其他业务收入Other operating revenue材料销售Sales materials代购代售包装物出租Wrappage lease出让资产使用权收入Remise right of assets revenue返还所得税Reimbursement of income tax其他收入Other revenue5201 投资收益Investment income短期投资收益Current investment income长期投资收益Long-term investment income计提的委托贷款减值准备Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves 5203 补贴收入Subsidize revenue国家扶持补贴收入Subsidize revenue from country其他补贴收入Other subsidize revenue5301 营业外收入NON-OPERATING INCOME非货币性交易收益Non-cash deal income现金溢余Cash overage处置固定资产净收益Net income on disposal of fixed assets 出售无形资产收益Income on sales of intangible assets固定资产盘盈Fixed assets inventory profit罚款净收入Net amercement income支出Outlay业务支出Revenue charges5401 主营业务成本Operating costs产品销售成本Cost of goods sold服务成本Cost of service5402 主营业务税金及附加Tax and associate charge营业税Sales tax消费税Consumption tax城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities资源税Resources tax土地增值税Increment tax on land value5405 其他业务支出Other business expense销售其他材料成本Other cost of material sale其他劳务成本Other cost of service其他业务税金及附加费Other tax and associate charge费用Expenses5501 营业费用Operating expenses代销手续费Consignment commission charge运杂费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium展览费Exhibition fees广告费Advertising fees5502 管理费用Adminisstrative expenses职工工资Staff Salaries修理费Repair charge低值易耗摊销Article of consumption办公费Office allowance差旅费Travelling expense工会经费Labour union expenditure研究与开发费Research and development expense 福利费Employee benefits/welfare职工教育经费Personnel education待业保险费Unemployment insurance劳动保险费Labour insurance医疗保险费Medical insurance会议费Coferemce聘请中介机构费Intermediary organs咨询费Consult fees诉讼费Legal cost业务招待费Business entertainment技术转让费T echnology transfer fees矿产资源补偿费Mineral resources compensation fees排污费Pollution discharge fees房产税Housing property tax车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) 土地使用税T enure tax印花税Stamp tax5503 财务费用Finance charge利息支出Interest exchange汇兑损失Foreign exchange loss各项手续费Charge for trouble各项专门借款费用Special-borrowing cost5601 营业外支出Nonbusiness expenditure捐赠支出Donation outlay减值准备金Depreciation reserves非常损失Extraordinary loss处理固定资产净损失Net loss on disposal of fixed assets出售无形资产损失Loss on sales of intangible assets固定资产盘亏Fixed assets inventory loss债务重组损失Loss on arrangement罚款支出Amercement outlay5701 所得税Income tax以前年度损益调整Prior year income adjustmentChart of AccountsChinese B.E.现金Cash on Hand银行存款Cash in Bank其他货币资金Other Monetary Funds短期投资Short-Term Investments短期投资跌价准备Reserve against Price Decline of Short-Term Investments应收票据Notes Receivable应收股利Dividends Receivable应收利息Interests Receivable应收帐款Accounts Receivable坏帐准备Provision for Bad Debts预付帐款Prepayments应收补贴款Grant-in-Aid Receivable其他应收款Other Receivables在途物资Materials in Transit原材料Materials and Supplies包装物Containers低值易耗品Low-Priced and Perishable Articles库存商品Goods in Stock委托加工物资Customers' Materials to Be Processed委托代销商品Consignment-out受托代销商品Consignment-in存货跌价准备Reserve for Inventory Price Decline分期收款发出商品Merchandise Shipped on Installment sales待摊费用Prepaid Expense长期股权投资Long-T erm Investments in Stock Ownership 长期债权投资Long-T erm Investments in Claimable Assets 长期投资减值准备Reserve for Depreciation of Long-T erm Investments固定资产Fixed Assets累计折旧Accumulated Depreciation工程物资Engineering Material在建工程Construction in Progress固定资产清理Disposal of Fixed Assets无形资产Intangible Assets开办费Organization Expense长期待摊费用Long-T erm Prepaid Expense待处理财产损益Property Losses and Gains in Suspense 短期借款Short-Term Loans应付票据Notes Payable应付帐款Accounts Payable预收帐款Advance Received代销商品款Consignment-in应付工资Accrued Payroll应付福利费Welfare Expense Payable 应付股利Dividends Payable应交税金Taxes Payable其他应交款Other Payables其他应付款Other Accrued Payable预提费用Withdrawal in Advance长期借款Long-Term Loans应付债券Depentures Payable长期应付款Long-Term Payables递延税款Deferred Tax住房周转金Housing Revolving Fund 股本Capital Stock资本公积Capital Surplus盈余公积Surplus本年利润Current Y ear Net Income利润分配Profit Distribution生产成本Costs of Production制造费用Manufacturing Expenses主营业务收入Income from Main Operation主营业务成本Costs of Main Operation其他业务收入Income from Other Operations其他业务支出Other Business Expenditure营业外收入Non-Operating Income营业外支出Non-Operating Expenses投资收益Investment Income补贴收入Subsidies营业费用Operating Expenses管理费用General and Administrative Expense财务费用Financial Expenses主营业务税金及附加Main Operation Tax and Additional Expenses折扣与折让Discounts and Allowances所得税Income Tax存货跌价损失Loss on Decline in Price of Inventories以前年度损益调整Adjustment to Prior Year's Income and Expense税务专用词汇State Administration for Taxation 国家税务总局Local Taxation bureau 地方税务局Business Tax 营业税Individual Income Tax 个人所得税Income Tax for Enterprises企业所得税Income Tax for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises外商投资企业和外国企业所得税tax returns filing 纳税申报taxes payable 应交税金the assessable period for tax payment 纳税期限the timing of tax liability arising 纳税义务发生时间consolidate reporting 合并申报the local competent tax authority 当地主管税务机关the outbound business activity 外出经营活动Tax Inspection Report 纳税检查报告tax avoidance 逃税tax evasion 避税tax base 税基refund after collection 先征后退withhold and remit tax 代扣代缴collect and remit tax 代收代缴income from authors remuneration 稿酬所得income from remuneration for personal service 劳务报酬所得income from lease of property 财产租赁所得。
资产负债表损益表
41
无形资产及其他资产 合计
43
递延税项：
递延税款借项
45
资产总计
50
制表人：请填写制表人姓 名
应付职工薪酬 应付福利费 应付股利 应交税金 其他应交款 其他应付款 预提费用 预计负债 一年内到期的长期负 债 其他流动负债 流动负债合计
长期负债： 长期借款 应付债券 长期应付款 专项应付款 其他长期负债 长期负债合计
15
长期投资：
长期股权投资
17
长期债权投资
19
委托贷款
21
长期投资合计
23
固定资产：
固定资产原价
24
减：累计折旧
25
固定资产净值
26
减：固定资产减值准备 27
固定资产净额
28
工程物资
29
在建工程
30
固定资产清理
31
固定资产合计
32
无形资产及其他资产：
无形资产
35
未确认融资费用
37
长期待摊费用
39
其他长期资产
三、营业利润（亏损以“－”号填列） 加：投资收益（损失以“－”号填列） 补贴收入 营业外收入 减：营业外支出
四、利润总额（亏损总额以“－”号填列） 减：所得税
五、净利润（净亏损以“－”号填列）
行次
补充资料： 项目 1.出售、处理部门或被投资单位所得收益 2.自然灾害发生的损失 3.会计政策变更增加（或减少）净利润 4.会计估计变更增加（或减少）净利润 5.债务重组损失 6.其他 制表人：请填写制表人姓名
资产负债表
单位名称：
2020/7/29
资
产
行次 年初数 期末数 负债和所有者权益
损益表、资产负债表
26
所有者权益合计
27
无形资产
27
负债及所有者权益总计
28
递延资产
28
29
无形及递延资产合计
29
30
其他长期资产:
30
31
其他长期资产
31
32
资产总计
32
损益表税务所（税源管理科）
纳税人税务登记证号码⑰⑱⑲⑳⑰⑱⑲⑳⑰⑱⑲⑳⑰⑱⑲⑳⑰⑱⑲⑳税收管理员：
纳税人名称：
报表所属时间：年月单位：元（角分）
资产负债表税务所（税源管理科）
纳税人税务登记证号码⑰⑱⑲⑳⑰⑱⑲⑳⑰⑱⑲⑳⑰⑱⑲⑳⑰⑱⑲⑳收管理员：
纳税人名称：
报表所属时间：年月单位：元（角分）
行次
项目
年初数
期末数
行次
项目
年初数
期末数
流动资产
流动负债
1
货币资金
1
短期借款
2
短期投资
2
应付票据
3
应收票据
3
应付帐款
4
应收帐款
4
预收帐款
5
减：坏账准备
5
其他应收款
项目
行次
本月数
本年累计数
一、主营业务收入
1
减：主营业务成本
2
营业费用
3
主营业务税金及附加
4
二、主营业务利润
5
加：其他业务利润
6
减：管理费用
7
财务费用
8
三、营业利润
9
加：投资收益
10
补贴收入
11
营业外收入
12
减：营业外支出
13
加：以前年度损益调整
认识资产负债表与损益表
优化资产配置
通过分析资产负债表中的资产结 构，发现闲置或低效资产，调整 资产配置，提高资产使用效率。
控制成本费用
通过损益表分析成本费用的构成 及变动趋势，找出可控成本，制 定成本控制措施，提高盈利能力。
调整经营策略
结合行业和市场环境，分析资产负债 表和损益表的变动趋势，调整经营策 略，适应市场变化。例如，可以增加 研发投入以增强创新能力，或者优化 销售策略以提高市场份额。
结构与内容
内容
损益表的主要内容包括以下几个方面
营业收入
企业在销售商品、提供劳务等日常活动中所产 生的收入。
营业成本
与营业收入直接相关的成本，如原材料、人工等。
结构与内容
营业费用
企业在运营过程中发生的各项 费用，如销售费用、管理费用
等。
营业利润
营业收入减去营业成本和营业 费用后的利润。
利润总额
营业利润加上营业外收入，减 去营业外支出后的利润。
现金流量表还揭示了企业投资活动和筹资活 动的现金流量情况。投资活动现金流量与企 业购置和处置固定资产、无形资产等长期资 产以及进行对外投资有关；筹资活动现金流 量则与企业筹集资金及偿还债务等活动有关 。这些信息有助于评估企业的投资战略、融
资策略以及整体财务状况的稳健性。
05 运用资产负债表与损益表 进行决策
净利润
利润总额减去所得税费用后的 净利润。
编制方法与原则
编制方法
损益表的编制方法主要包括直接法和间接法两种。直接 法是按照收入与费用的直接对应关系进行编制，而间接 法则是通过调整净利润来计算得出。
编制原则
在编制损益表时，需要遵循以下原则
真实性原则
确保报表中反映的数据真实可靠，无虚假记载或误导性 陈述。
企业清算资产负债表、损益表
合计 69 资产总计 70
会清01表附表 单位：元 期末帐面金额
实物资产： 房屋 41 设备 பைடு நூலகம் 42 车辆 43 …… 有转让价值的无形资产： 土地使用权 61 专利权 62
企业清算资产负债表损益表资产负债表和损益表资产负债表损益表资产负债表损益表下载清算资产负债表清算资产负债表格式清算期间资产负债表负债表和损益表下载清算损益表清算损益表表格下载
清算财产表 编制单位： 财产项目 行次 期初帐面金额 预计变现金额 本期变现金额 用作担保的财产： 货币资金： 银行存款 1 有价证券： 国库券 2 企业债券 3 股票 4 实物资产： 房屋 5 设备 6 车辆 7 …… 合计 16 普通财产： 货币资金： 现金： 17 银行存款 18 有价证券： 国库券 19 企业债券 20 股票 21 各项债权： 应收票据 22 应收款 23
认识资产负债表与损益表
營業活動之損益
營業收入：銷貨收入及勞務收入，係來自公司銷售商品或提供 服務之所得。
營業成本：銷貨成本及勞務成本，係指出售商品或提供勞務之 成本 。 營業毛利：營業收入與營業成本之差額，衡量公司獲利能 力的重要指標之一。 中鋼2007年的營業收入淨額為2,079.19億元，營業成本為 1,527.05億元 ，營業毛利＝？（Ans: 552.14億元）
負債
依負債的流動性排列，依據債務本身之到期期間，分為流動負 債與長期負債 。 流動負債：1年內或1個營業週期內（以較長者為準）即需 以流動資產償還的負債。 – 與營運活動相關：如應付帳款、應付薪資、預收款項等 – 與對外融資活動有關：如應付票據、應付公司債、1年 內到期之長期借款等。 長期負債：1年內不需償還之長期債務，或雖在1年內到 期，但不需以流動資產償還的負債，如長期借款、應付公 司債、應付退休金、遞延所得稅負債、長期產品保證負債 等。
(A) = (L) + (E)
資產負債表
表達公司從企業成立至報表日所累積的資產、負債及股東權益。
存量的觀念，反映出企業投資活動（報表左邊）及融資活動（報 表右邊）的結果。
財務報表名稱
企業名稱 報表日期
左邊顯示資產的組成項目
右邊顯示資產的融資來源
資產
依資產的流動性排列，排列方式通常為流動資產、長期投資及 基金、固定資產、無形資產、其他資產等。 流動資產：可在1年或1個營業週期內變現或耗用掉的資 產，一般包括現金及約當現金、短期投資、應收帳款、存 貨、預付費用等。 長期投資及基金：超過1年或1個營業週期之投資活動，通 常是基於某些特定目的而打算長期持有之投資標的。 固定資產：供「營業上」使用之長期性實體資產，除土地 之外，一般都有可使用的經濟年限，須逐年提列折舊 。 無形資產：不具形體、未來具有經濟效益的資產，如專利 權、商標權、商譽 。
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74,798.58
125,642.29
697.34
697.34 75,495.92 125,642.29
5,139.75 5,000.00 -194.01 -512.11 9,433.63
5,870.25 16,945.75 196.91 559.36 23,572.27
22.98
9,456.61
123.61
少数股东权益
所有者权益合计
资产总计
84,952.53
149,338.17
负债和所有者权益总计
位：千元
１４年余额 １５年余额
5,883.74
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้15,267.94
67,539.53
74,414.39 1,538.28
858.17 826.24
2,025.98 -4,480.13
-309.10
36,875.83
2015年12月31日
１４年余额 １５年余额
单位：千元
负债和所有者权益 流动负债： 短期借款 交易性金融负债 应付票据 应付账款 预收款项 应付职工薪酬 应交税费 应付利息 应付股利 其他应付款 递延收益 其他流动负债 流动负债合计 非流动负债： 长期借款 应付债券 长期应付款 专项应付款 预计负债 递延所得税负债 其他非流动负债 非流动负债合计 负债合计 所有者权益或股东权益 实收资本（或股本） 资本公积 243.22 外币报表折 866.14 未分配利润 归属于母公司利润
23,695.88
84,952.53
149,338.17
资产负债表
编制单位：
资 流动资产： 货币资金 交易性金融资产 应收票据 应收账款 预付款项 应收利息 应收股利 其他应收款 存货 一年内到期的非流动资产 其他流动资产 流动资产合计 非流动资产： 可供出售金融资产 持有至到期投资 长期应收款 长期股权投资 投资性房地产 固定资产原值 减：累计折旧 固定资产净值 在建工程 工程物资 固定资产清理 固定资产合计 油气资产 无形资产 长摊待摊费用 递延所得税资产 其他非流动资产 非流动资产合计 1,877.18 4,221.30 7,446.79 59.22 156.82 1,661.14 1,882.74 1,661.14 1,882.74 233.39 152.97 83,075.35 141,891.38 6,913.31 62,273.63 7,148.49 103,651.72 11,939.18 252.19 14,779.69 6,765.04 1,544.07 9,546.44 产