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FIDIC银皮书(中英文对照)

FIDIC银皮书(中英文对照)

CONTENTS目录1General Provisions一般规定 (5)1.1Definitions定义 (5)1.2Interpretation解释 (10)1.3Communications通信交流 (11)1.4Law and Language法律和语言 (12)1.5Priority of Document文件优先次序 (12)1.6Contract Agreement合同协议书 (12)1.7Assignment权益转让 (13)1.8Care and Supply of Document文件的照管和提供 (13)1.9Confidentiality保密性 (14)1.10Employer’s Use of Contractor’s Doc uments雇主使用承包商文件 (14)1.11Contractor’s Use of Employer’s Documents承包商使用雇主文件 (15)1.12Confidential Details保密事项 (15)1.13Compliance with Laws遵守法律 (15)1.14Joint and Several Liability共同的和各自的责任 (16)2The Employer雇主 (16)2.1Right of Access to the Site现场进入权 (16)2.2Permits, Licences or Approves许可、执照或批准 (17)2.3Employer’s personnel雇主人员 (18)2.4Employer’s Financial Arrangements雇主的资金安排 (18)2.5Employer’s Claims雇主的索赔 (18)3The Employer’s Administration雇主的管理 (19)3.1The Employer’s Representative雇主代表 (19)3.2The Employer’s personnel其他雇主人员 (20)3.3Delegated Persons受托人员 (20)3.4Instructions指示 (21)3.5Determinations确定 (21)4The Contractor承包商 (21)4.1The Contractor’s General Obligations承包商的一般义务 (22)4.2Performance security履约担保 (22)4.3Contractor’s Representative承包商代表 (23)4.4Subcontractors分包商 (24)4.5Nominated Subcontractors指定的分包商 (25)4.6Co-operation合作 (25)4.7Setting out放线 (26)4.8Safety procedures安全程序 (26)4.9Quality Assurance质量保证 (27)4.10Site Data现场数据 (27)4.11Sufficiency of the Contract Price合同价格 (28)4.12Unforeseeable Difficulties不可预见的困难 (28)4.13Rights of way and Facilities道路通行权于设施 (28)4.14Avoidance of Interference避免干扰 (29)4.15Access Route进场通路 (29)4.16Transport of Goods货物运输 (30)4.17Contractor’s Equipment承包商设备 (30)4.18Protection of the Environment环境保护 (30)4.19Electricity, Water and Gas电、水和燃气 (31)4.20Employer’s Equipment and Free-Issue Material雇主设备和免费供应的材料 (31)4.21Progress Reports进度报告 (32)4.22Security of the Site现场保安 (33)4.23Contractor’s Operations on Site承包商的现场作业 (34)4.24Fossils化石 (34)5Design设计 (35)5.1General Design Obligations设计义务一般要求 (35)5.2Contractor’s Documents承包商文件 (36)5.3Contractor’s Undertaking承包商的承诺 (37)5.4Technical Standards and Regulations技术标准和法规 (37)5.5Training培训 (38)5.6As-Built Documents竣工文件 (38)5.7Operation and Maintenance Manuals操作和维修手册 (39)5.8Design Error设计错误 (39)6Staff and Labour员工 (39)6.1Engagement of Staff and Labour员工的雇用 (40)6.2Rates of Wages and Conditions of Labour工资标准和劳动条件 (40)6.3Persons in the Service of Employer为雇主服务的人员 (40)6.4Labour Laws劳动法 (40)6.5Working Hours工作时间 (41)6.6Facilities for Staff and Labour为员工提供设施 (41)6.7Health and Safety健康和安全 (41)6.8Contractor’s Superintendence承包商的监督 (42)6.9Contractor’s Personnel承包商人员 (42)6.10Records of contractor’s Personnel and Equipment承包商人员和设备的记录 (43)6.11Disorderly Conduct无序行为 (43)7Plant, Materials and Workmanship生产设备、材料和工艺 (43)7.1Manner of Execution实施方法 (43)7.2Samples样品 (44)7.3Inspection检验 (44)7.4Testing试验 (45)7.5Rejection拒收 (46)7.6Remedial Work修补工作 (46)7.7Ownership of Plant and Materials生产设备和材料的所有权 (47)7.8Royalties土地(矿区)使用费 (47)8Commencement,Delays and Suspension开工、延误和暂停 (48)8.1Commencement of Works工程的开工 (48)8.2Time for Completion竣工时间 (48)8.3Programme进度计划 (49)8.4Extension of Time for Completion竣工时间延长 (50)8.5Delays Caused by Authorities当局造成的延误 (50)8.6Rate of Progress工程进度 (51)8.7Delay Damages误期损害赔偿费 (51)8.8Suspension of Work暂时停工 (52)8.9Consequences of Suspension暂停的后果 (52)8.10Payment for Plant and Materials in Event of Suspension暂停时对生产设备和材料的付款 (53)8.11Prolonged Suspension托长的暂停 (53)8.12Resumption of Work复工 (53)9Tests on Completion竣工试验 (54)9.1Contractor’s Obligations承包商的义务 (54)9.2Delayed Tests延误的试验 (55)9.3Retesting重新试验 (55)9.4Failure to Pass Tests on Completion未能通过竣工试验 (56)10Employer’s Taking Over雇主的接收 (56)10.1Taking Over of the Works and Sections工程和分项工程的接收 (56)10.2Taking Over of Parts of the Works部分工程的接收 (57)10.3Interference with Tests on Completion对竣工试验的干扰 (57)11Defects Liability缺陷责任 (58)11.1Completion of Outstanding Work and Remedying Defects完成扫尾工作和修补缺陷 (58)11.2Cost of Remedying Defects修补缺陷的费用 (59)11.3Extension of Defects Notification Period缺陷通知期的延长 (59)11.4Failure to Remedy Defects未能修补的缺陷 (60)11.5Removal of Defective Work移出有缺陷的工程 (60)11.6Further Tests进一步试验 (61)11.7Right of Access进入权 (61)11.8Contractor to Search承包商调查 (61)11.9Performance Certificate履约证书 (62)11.10Unfulfilled Obligations未履行的义务 (62)11.11Clearance of Site现场清理 (62)12Tests after Completion竣工后试验 (63)12.1Procedure for Tests after Completion竣工后试验的程序 (63)12.2Delayed Tests延误的试验 (64)12.3Retesting重新试验 (64)12.4Failure to Pass Tests after Completion未能通过的竣工后试验 (65)13Variations and Adjustments变更和调整 (66)13.1Right to Vary变更权 (66)13.2Value Engineering价值工程 (66)13.3Variation Procedure变更程序 (66)13.4Payment in Applicable Currencies以适用货币支付 (67)13.5Provisional Sums暂列金额 (67)13.6Daywork计日工作 (68)13.7Adjustments for Changes in Legislation因法律改变的调整 (69)13.8Adjustments for Changes in Cost因成本改变的调整 (70)14Contract price and Payment合同价格和支付 (70)14.1The Contract Price合同价格 (70)14.2Advance payment预付款 (70)14.3Application for Interim Payments期中付款的申请 (72)14.4Schedule of Payments付款价格表 (73)14.5Plant and Materials intended for the Works拟用于工程的生产设备和材料 (73)14.6Interim Payments期中付款 (74)14.7Timing of Payments付款的时间安排 (74)14.8Delayed Payment延误的付款 (75)14.9Payment of Retention Money保留金支付 (75)14.10Statement at Completion施工报表 (76)14.11Application for Final Payment最终付款的申请 (76)14.12Discharge结清证明 (77)14.13Final Payment最终付款 (77)14.14Ce ssation of Employer’s Liability雇主责任的中止 (78)14.15Currencies of Payment支付的货币 (78)15Termination by Employer由雇主终止 (79)15.1Notice to Correct通知改正 (79)15.2Termination by Employer由雇主终止 (79)15.3Valuation at Date of Termination终止日期时的估价 (81)15.4Payment after Termination终止后的付款 (81)15.5Employer’s Entitlement to Termination雇主终止的权利 (82)16Suspension and termination by Contractor由承包商暂停和终止 (82)16.1Contractor’s Entitlement to Suspend Work承包商暂停工作的权利 (82)16.2Termination by Contractor由承包商终止 (83)16.3Cessation of Work and Removal of Contractor’s Equipment停止工作和承包商设备的撤离 (84)16.4Payment on Termination终止时的付款 (84)17Risk and Responsibility风险和职责 (85)17.1Indemnities保障 (85)17.2Contractor’s Care of the Works承包商对工程的照管 (86)17.3Employer’s Risks雇主的风险 (87)17.4Consequence of Employer’s Risks雇主风险的后果 (87)17.5Intellectual and Industrial Property Rights知识产权和工业产权 (88)17.6Limitation of Liability责任限度 (89)18Insurance保险 (89)18.1General Requirements for Insurances有关保险的一般要求 (89)18.2Insurance for Works and Contractor’s Equipment工程和承包商设备的保险 (91)18.3Insurance against Injury to Persons and Damage to Property人身伤害和财产损害险 (93)18.4Insurance for Contractor’s Personnel承包商人员的保险 (94)19Force Majeure不可抗力 (94)19.1Definition of Force Majeure不可抗力的定义 (95)19.2Notice of Force Majeure不可抗力的通知 (96)19.3Duty to Minimise Delay将延误减至最小的义务 (96)19.4Consequences of Force Majeure不可抗力的后果 (96)19.5Force Majeure Affecting Subcontractor不可抗力影响分包商 (97)19.6Optional Termination, Payment and Release自主选择终止、支付和解除 (97)19.7Release from Performance under the Law根据法律解除履约 (98)20Claims, Disputes and Arbitration索赔、争端和仲裁 (98)20.1Contractor’s Claims承包商的索赔 (99)20.2Appointment of the Dispute Adjudication Board争端裁决委员会的任命 (100)20.3Failure to Agreement Dispute Adjudication Board对争端裁决委员会未能取得一致时 (102)20.4Obtaining Dispute Adjudication Board’s Decision取得争端裁决委员会的决定 (102)20.5Amicable Settlement友好解决 (103)20.6Arbitration仲裁 (104)20.7Failure to Comply with Dispute Adjudication Board’s Decision未能遵守争端裁决委员会的决定 (105)20.8Expiry o f Dispute Adjudication Board’s Appointment争端裁决委员会任命期满 (105)1General Provisions一般规定1.1Definitions定义In the Conditions of Contract (“these Conditions”), which include Particular Conditions and these General Conditions, the following words and expressions shall have the meaning stated. Words indicating persons or parties include corporation and other legal entities, except where the context requires otherwise.在合同条件（“本条件”），包括专用条件和通用条件中，下列词语和措辞应具有以下所述的含义.除上下文另有要求外，文中人员或当事各方等词语包括公司和其他合法实体.1.1.1The Contract合同1.1.1.1“Contract” means the Contract Agreement, these Conditions, the Employer’s Requirement,the Tender, and further document (if any) which are listed in the Contract Agreement.“合同”系指合同协议书、本条件、雇主要求、投标书和合同协议书列出的其他文件（如果有）.1.1.1.2“Contract Agreement”means the contract agreement referred to in Sub-Clause 1.6[Contract Agreement], including any annexed memoranda.“合同协议书”系指第1.6款[合同协议书]中所述的合同协议书及所附各项备忘录.1.1.1.3“Employer’s requirements”means the document entitled employer’s requirements, asincluded in the Contract, and any additions and modifications to such document in accordance with the Contract. Such document specifies the purpose, scope, and/or design and/or other technical criteria, for the Works.“雇主要求”系指合同中包括的，题为雇主要求的文件，其中列明工程的目标、范围、和（或）设计和（或）其他技术标准，以及按合同对此项文件所作的任何补充和修改.1.1.1.4“Tender” means the Contractor’s signed offer for the Works and all other documents whichthe Contractor submitted therewith (other than these Conditions and Employer’s Requirements, if so submitted), as included in the Contract.“投标书”系指包含在合同中的由承包商提交的为完成工程签署的报价，以及随同提交的所有其他文件（本条件和雇主要求除外，如同时提交）.1.1.1.5“Performance Guarantees” and “Schedule of payments” mean the documents so named(if any), as included in the Contract.“履约保证”和“付款计划表”系指合同中包括的具有上述名称的文件（如果有）.1.1.2Parties and Persons各方和人员1.1.2.1“Party” means the Employer or the Contractor, as the context requires.“当事方（或一方）”根据上下文需要，或指雇主，或指承包商。

漠视不可能!Google创始人拉里佩奇密歇根大学毕业典礼经典演讲(中英文版)

漠视不可能!Google创始人拉里佩奇密歇根大学毕业典礼经典演讲(中英文版)

漠视不可能！Google创始人拉里·佩奇密歇根大学毕业典礼经典演讲（中英文收藏版）拉里·佩奇，全名劳伦斯·爱德华·佩奇(Lawrence Edward Page)，Google公司的创始人之一。

美国密歇根大学安娜堡分校的荣誉毕业生，拥有密歇根大学理工科学士学位和斯坦福大学计算机科学博士学位。

2011年4月4日正式出任谷歌CEO。

2016年，拉里·佩奇在《福布斯》杂志评出的“2016年全球最具影响力人物”排行榜中高居榜首。

Google是一个传奇，不仅仅是因为其经济实力，也因为它拥有令无数求职者垂涎万尺的企业文化：牛仔裤、T-shirt 衫的随意穿着，美餐、中餐、印度餐等一应俱全的大食堂，免费就医、洗衣、洗车的服务，甚至可以带上狗狗和滑板车一起上班……这些疯狂的想法之所以能成为现实，谷歌CEO拉里•佩奇(Larry Page)功不可没。

谷歌的故事，举世瞩目。

2009年5月，拉里•佩奇获邀在母校密歇根大学的毕业典礼上发表演讲。

在演讲中，拉里字真意深地讲述自己与密歇根大学的深厚渊源，因为自己全家皆毕业于此。

身为普通工人的祖父，将自己的一对儿女送进密歇根大学，从此这个家庭踏上了“美国梦”的成真之路。

他还透露，创立谷歌的最初灵感竟也来自一个夜半惊醒的梦！他用自己和家人的故事告诉毕业生们，“When a really great dream shows up, grab it!”，鼓励大家勇敢追梦，并深情地告诉大家要珍视家人... ...Google创始人拉里·佩奇在密歇根大学2009毕业典礼上的演讲视频【演讲全文中英文稿】Class of 2009! First I’d like you to stand up, and wave and cheer your supportive family and friends! I’m sure you can find them out there. Show your love!2009届的同学们，首先我希望大家都站起来，向支持你们的亲朋好友挥手致意!我相信你们都能在人群中找到他们，把你们的爱表现出来吧!A long time ago, in this cold September of 1962, there was a Steven’s co-op at this very university. That co-op had a kitchen with a ceiling that had been cleaned by student volunteers probably every decade or so. Picture a college girl named Gloria, climbing up high on a ladder, struggling to clean that filthy ceiling. Standing on the floor, a young boarder named Carl was adm iring the view. And that’s how they met. They were my parents, so I suppose you could say I’m a direct result of that kitchen chemistry experiment, right here at Michigan.很久以前，1962年的寒冷9月，这座校园里有一家史蒂文消费合作社。

rinex 3.03格式说明

rinex 3.03格式说明

RINEX Version 3.03 ii
5.7 Signal strength .................................................................................................................................. 22 Table 12: Standardized S/N Indicators ............................................................................................... 22 5.8 Date/time format in the PGM / RUN BY / DATE header record ..................................................... 22 5.9 Antenna phase center header record ................................................................................................. 23 5.10 Antenna orientation ......................................................................................................................... 23 5.11 Observation data records................................................................................................................. 23 Table 13: Example Observation Type Records .................................................................................. 23 Table 14: Example Observation Data Records ................................................................................... 23 5.12 Ionosphere delay as pseudo-observables ........................................................................................ 24 Table 15: Ionosphere Pseudo-Observable Coding .............................................................................. 24 Table 16: Ionosphere Pseudo-Observable Corrections to Observations ............................................. 24 5.13 Channel numbers as pseudo-observables ........................................................................................ 24 5.14 Corrections of differential code biases (DCBs) .............................................................................. 25 5.15 Corrections of antenna phase center variations (PCVs) .................................................................. 25 5.16 Navigation message files ................................................................................................................ 25 Table 17: Example of Navigation File Satellite System and Number Definition Record .................. 25 Table 18: Example of Navigation File Header IONOSPHERIC CORR Record ................................ 25 6. ADDITIONAL HINTS AND TIPS ........................................................................................................ 26 6.1 Versions ............................................................................................................................................ 26 6.2 Leading blanks in CHARACTER fields ........................................................................................... 26 6.3 Variable-length records ..................................................................................................................... 26 6.4 Blank fields ....................................................................................................................................... 26 6.5 Order of the header records, order of data records............................................................................ 26 6.6 Missing items, duration of the validity of values .............................................................................. 27 6.7 Unknown / Undefined observation types and header records ........................................................... 27 6.8 Event flag records ............................................................................................................................. 27 6.9 Receiver clock offset......................................................................................................................... 27 6.10 Two-digit years ............................................................................................................................... 27 6.11 Fit interval (GPS navigation message file) ..................................................................................... 28 6.12 Satellite health (GPS navigation message file) ............................................................................... 28 Table 19: Description of GPS Satellite Health Field .......................................................................... 28 6.13 Transmission time of message (GPS navigation message file)..........................................5

EN：1836-2005标准

EN：1836-2005标准
Équipement de protection individuelle de l'oeil - Lunettes solaires et filtres de protection contre les rayonnements solaires pour usage général et filtres pour observation directe du soleil Persönlicher Augenschutz - Sonnenbrillen und Sonnenschutzfilter für den allgemeinen Gebrauch und Filter für die direkte Beobachtung der Sonne
Licens givet til: Ronald A/S, Bomhusvej 20, DK-2100 København Ø
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.340.20
EN 1836
September 2005
Supersedes EN 1836:1997
Licens givet til: Ronald A/S, Bomhusvej 20, DK-2100 København Ø
Dansk stane 2005-09-28
COPYRIGHT © Danish Standards. NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE OR REPRODUCTION
Licens givet til: Ronald A/S, Bomhusvej 20, DK-2100 København Ø
DS/EN 1836
København DS projekt: M201011 ICS: 13.340.20

励志故事与感悟15篇

励志故事与感悟15篇

励志故事与感悟励志故事与感悟1感悟故事01高僧问：你觉得是一粒金子好，还是一堆烂泥好呢?求道者答，当然是金子啊!高僧笑曰：假如你是一颗种子呢?感悟：这个世界上并没有绝对的好与坏，适合你的，就是最好的。

养老的方式也是如此。

02道长有一个爱抱怨的弟子。

一天，道长将一把盐放入一杯水中让弟子喝。

弟子说：咸得发苦。

道长又把更多的盐撒进湖里，让弟子再尝湖水。

弟子喝后说：纯净甜美。

道长说：生命中的痛苦是盐，它的咸淡取决于盛它的容器。

感悟：老是抱怨世界的人啊，不是世界太糟糕，是你的心胸太狭小。

03一青年向道士求教：“师傅，有人说我是天才，也有人骂我是笨蛋，依你看呢?”“你是如何看待自己的?”道士反问，青年一脸茫然。

“譬如一斤米，在饼家眼里是烧饼，在酒商眼中是酒，在乞丐那里，就是救命的一顿饭。

不过，米还是那斤米。

”青年豁然开朗。

感悟：你看待自己的方式，决定了自己的价值。

每个人都是有价值的，不要总说自己“老不中用了”。

04一头驴子不慎掉进了枯井，众人设法救它，都没有成功，就决定埋了它。

驴子悲声鸣叫，可当泥土落下的.时候，它却出乎意料地安静了。

它努力抖落背上的泥土，把它们踩在脚下，让自己登高一点。

就这样，它随着泥土的抖落不断登高，最后竟在众人的惊奇声中走出了枯井。

感悟：关键时刻能救你的，只有你自己。

人到老年，最大依靠的也是你自己。

05爱神和恶鬼一起来到了人间。

春天里，他们同游花园。

爱神说：“啊!多么美丽的景致——百花烂漫!”恶鬼说：“美什么，那花朵下有刺呢!”夏天里，他们一起游山林。

爱神说：“瞧!多么美妙的风光——绿树浓荫!”恶鬼说：“妙什么，那树里有虫呢!”秋天里，他们一起游郊野。

爱神说：“看!多么欢乐的美景——黄金世界!”恶鬼说：“乐什么，那黄表示是枯萎呢!”冬天里，他们同游大漠。

爱神说：“哈!多么洁净的大地——白雪皑皑!”恶鬼说：“洁什么，那雪下全是沙呢!”于是，上帝让爱神留在天堂，将恶鬼打入了地狱。

感悟：内心有爱，得到的是欢乐;内心有恨，得到的只是痛苦。

USB OTG and EH 2-0规范

USB OTG and EH 2-0规范

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DISCLAIMER THIS SPECIFICATION IS PROVIDED TO YOU “AS IS” WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT, OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE AUTHORS OF THIS SPECIFICATION DISCLAIM ALL LIABILITY, INCLUDING LIABILITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PROPRIETARY RIGHTS, RELATING TO USE OR IMPLEMENTATION OF INFORMATION IN THIS SPECIFICATION. THE PROVISION OF THIS SPECIFICATION TO YOU DOES NOT PROVIDE YOU WITH ANY LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.
1.2
April 4, 2006
1.3
December 5, 2006
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
2.0
May 8, 2009
Universal Serial Bus Specification Supplement Copyright © 2008, LSI Corporation, Hewlet-Packard Company, Intel Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, NEC Corporation, ST-NXP Wireless Company. All rights reserved

CompactPCI+a+Specification标准

CompactPCI+a+Specification标准

P r o p e r t y o f M o t o r o l a F orI nternalUseO nl y-Ext ernalD is tr ibutionPr ohibi te d PICMG 2.0 R3.0 CompactPCI® Specification October 1, 1999P r o p e r t y o f M o t o r o l aF o r I n t e r n a l U s e O n l y - E x t e r n a l D i s t r i b u t i o n P r o h i b i t e dP r o p e r t y o f M o t o r o l aF orI nternalUseO nl y-Ext ernalD is tr ibutionPr ohibi te dRelease Note for PICMG 2.0 Revision 3.0 CompactPCI ® Specification October 1, 1999P r o p e r t y o f M o t o r o l aF orI nternalUseO nl y-Ext ernalD is tr ibutionPr ohibi te d Purpose This Release Note records some issues raised in the course of developing and balloting PICMG 2.0 Revision 3.0, the CompactPCI core specification. 1. System Management Bus pin assignments . This specification reserves pins on J1/P1 of all slots and J2/P2 of the System Slot for definition as I 2C System Management Busses by PICMG 2.9, CompactPCI System Management Specification. These signals have been tentatively assigned by the PICMG 2.9 as indicated in Section 3.2.7.7 and in Tables 13 through 16 with their notes. The IPMB_SDA pin is an I2C data bus connecting all slots in a backplane. The IPMB_SCL pin is the clock associated with that data line, and the IPMB_PWR pin is a power pin for the IPMB node. The data and clock pins providing System Slot access to platform devices from J2/P2 were designated ICMB_SDA and ICMB_SCL in the draft specification reviewed and adopted by the Executive Membership on October 1, 1999. These signal names are misleading, implying the use of an RS-485 UART bus as specified in the Intel IPMI documents. These signals are designated SMB_SDA and SMB_SCL in the released document. A second System Management power pin, designated ICMB_PWR in the executive draft, was also reserved on J2/P2 of the System Slot. As of the approval of PICMG 2.0 Revision 3.0, the PICMG 2.9 subcommittee is in doubt as to whether this pin will actually be used for power, and is considering assigning a different function to this reserved pin. The released specification accord designates this pin as SMB_RSV. 2. System Slot Hot Swap Signals . This specification designates Pin J1/P1 D15 as a short BD_SEL# (Board Select) signal in agreement with PICMG 2.1, CompactPCI Hot Swap Specification, but only on peripheral slots. The pin is shown as a ground on System Slots. Implementers of CompactPCI boards and systems should anticipate that this signal may also be designated as BD_SEL# on System Slots in PICMG 2.13, CompactPCI Redundant System Slot Specification. J1/P1 Pin B4 is designated as the HEALTHY# signal on System and Peripheral Slots in this specification. ###P r o p e r t y o f M o t o r o l a F orI nternalUseO nl y-Ext ernalD is tr ibutionPr ohibi te d PICMG 2.0 R3.0CompactPCI® SpecificationOctober 1, 1999P r o p e r t y o f M o t o r o l aF orI nternalUseO nl y-Ext ernalD is tr ibutionPr ohibi te d PICMG 2.0 R3.0 10/1/99ii ©Copyright 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 PCI Industrial Computers Manufacturers Group (PICMG).The attention of adopters is directed to the possibility that compliance with or adoption of PICMG ® specifications may require use of an invention covered by patent rights.PICMG ® shall not be responsible for identifying patents for which a license may be required by any PICMG ® specification, or for conducting legal inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. PICMG ® specifications are prospective and advisory only. Prospective users are responsible for protecting themselves against liability for infringement of patents.NOTICE:The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. The material in this document details a PICMG ® specification in accordance with the license and notices set forth on this page. This document does not represent a commitment to implement any portion of this specification in any company's products.WHILE THE INFORMATION IN THIS PUBLICATION IS BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE, PICMG ® MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY OF TITLE OR OWNERSHIP, IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE.In no event shall PICMG ® be liable for errors contained herein or for indirect, incidental,special, consequential, reliance or cover damages, including loss of profits, revenue, data or use, incurred by any user or any third pliance with this specification does not absolve manufacturers of CompactPCI equipment, from the requirements of safety and regulatory agencies (UL, CSA, FCC,IEC, etc.).PICMG ®, CompactPCI ®, and the PICMG ® and CompactPCI ® logos are registered trademarks of the PCI Industrial Computers Manufacturers Group.All other brand or product names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.P r o p e r t y o f M o t o r o l aF orI nternalUseO nl y-Ext ernalD is tr ibutionPr ohibi te d CompactPCI ® Core Specification PICMG 2.0 R3.0 10/1/99iii Contents1OVERVIEW.........................................................................................................................................91.1C OMPACT PCI O BJECTIVES ................................................................................................................91.2B ACKGROUND AND T ERMINOLOGY ....................................................................................................91.3D ESIRED A UDIENCE ...........................................................................................................................91.4C OMPACT PCI F EATURES .................................................................................................................101.5A PPLICABLE D OCUMENTS ................................................................................................................101.6A DMINISTRATION .............................................................................................................................111.7N AME A ND L OGO U SAGE .................................................................................................................112FEATURE SET..................................................................................................................................132.1F ORM F ACTOR .................................................................................................................................132.2C ONNECTOR .....................................................................................................................................152.3M ODULARITY ...................................................................................................................................162.4H OT S WAP C APABILITY ....................................................................................................................163ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................173.1B OARD D ESIGN R ULES .....................................................................................................................173.1.1Decoupling Requirements......................................................................................................173.1.2CompactPCI Signal Additions...............................................................................................183.1.3CompactPCI Stub Termination..............................................................................................183.1.4Peripheral Board Signal Stub Length ...................................................................................183.1.5Characteristic Impedance......................................................................................................193.1.6System Slot Board Signal Stub Length ..................................................................................193.1.7Peripheral Board PCI Clock Signal Length..........................................................................193.1.8Pull-Up Location...................................................................................................................193.1.9Board Connector Shield Requirements.................................................................................203.2B ACKPLANE D ESIGN R ULES .............................................................................................................213.2.1Characteristic Impedance......................................................................................................213.2.2Eight-Slot Backplane Termination........................................................................................213.2.3Signaling Environment..........................................................................................................223.2.4IDSEL Assignment.................................................................................................................223.2.5REQ#/GNT# Assignment.......................................................................................................233.2.6PCI Interrupt Binding............................................................................................................243.2.7CompactPCI Signal Additions...............................................................................................253.2.8Power Distribution................................................................................................................283.2.9Power Decoupling.................................................................................................................293.2.10Healthy (Healthy#)................................................................................................................303.333 MH Z PCI C LOCK D ISTRIBUTION .................................................................................................303.3.1Backplane Clock Routing Design Rules................................................................................313.3.2System Slot Board Clock Routing Design Rules....................................................................313.464-B IT D ESIGN R ULES ......................................................................................................................313.566 MH Z E LECTRICAL R EQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................333.5.166 MHz Board Design Rules.................................................................................................333.5.266 MHz System Board Design Rules.....................................................................................343.5.366MHz Backplane Design Rules...........................................................................................343.5.466MHz PCI Clock Distribution.............................................................................................343.5.566 MHz System Slot Board Clock Routing Design Rules (35)3.5.666 MHz Hot Swap (35)3.6S YSTEM AND B OARD G ROUNDING (36)3.6.1Board Front Panel Grounding Requirements (36)3.6.2Backplane Grounding Requirements (36)3.7C OMPACT PCI B UFFER M ODELS (36)P r o p e r t y o f M o t o r o l aF orI nternalUseO nl y-Ext ernalD is tr ibutionPr ohibi te d PICMG 2.0 R3.0 10/1/99iv 4MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS................................................................................................374.1B OARD R EQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................................................374.1.13U Boards..............................................................................................................................374.1.26U Boards..............................................................................................................................374.1.3Rear-panel I/O Boards..........................................................................................................374.1.4ESD Discharge Strip.............................................................................................................384.1.5ESD Clip................................................................................................................................384.1.6Cross Sectional View.............................................................................................................394.1.7Component Outline and Warpage.........................................................................................394.1.8Solder Side Cover..................................................................................................................394.1.9Front Panels..........................................................................................................................484.1.10System Slot Identification......................................................................................................494.2R EAR -P ANEL I/O B OARD R EQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................524.2.1Mechanicals...........................................................................................................................524.2.2Power.....................................................................................................................................524.2.3Rear Panel Keying.................................................................................................................534.3B ACKPLANE R EQUIREMENTS ...........................................................................................................534.3.1Connector Orientation...........................................................................................................534.3.2Slot Spacing...........................................................................................................................534.3.3Slot Designation....................................................................................................................544.3.4Bus Segments.........................................................................................................................544.3.5Backplane Dimensions..........................................................................................................545CONNECTOR IMPLEMENTATION.............................................................................................585.1O VERVIEW .......................................................................................................................................585.1.1Location.................................................................................................................................585.1.2Housing Types.......................................................................................................................595.1.3Connector Tail Lengths.........................................................................................................595.1.4Backplane / Board Population Options.................................................................................595.2J1 (32-B IT PCI S IGNALS ).................................................................................................................595.3J2 C ONNECTOR ................................................................................................................................605.3.1Peripheral Slot 64-Bit PCI....................................................................................................605.3.2Peripheral Slot Rear-Panel I/O.............................................................................................605.3.3System Slot 64-bit PCI...........................................................................................................605.3.4System Slot Rear-Panel I/O...................................................................................................605.4B USSED R ESERVED P INS ..................................................................................................................605.5N ON -B USSED R ESERVED P INS .........................................................................................................605.6P OWER P INS .....................................................................................................................................605.75V/3.3V PCI K EYING ......................................................................................................................615.8P IN A SSIGNMENTS PACTPCI BUFFER MODELS...............................................................................................69B.CONNECTOR IMPLEMENTATION.............................................................................................73B.1G ENERAL .........................................................................................................................................73B.2C ONNECTORS ...................................................................................................................................73B.3A LIGNMENT .....................................................................................................................................73B.3.1Front Plug-In Board Alignment............................................................................................73B.3.2Rear Panel I/O Board Alignment..........................................................................................74B.3.3Backward Compatibility for Rear Panel I/O Boards. (74)P r o p e r t y o f M o t o r o l aF orI nternalUseO nl y-Ext ernalD is tr ibutionPr ohibi te d CompactPCI ® Core Specification PICMG 2.0 R3.0 10/1/99v TablesT ABLE 1. C ODING K EY C OLOR A SSIGNMENTS ..............................................................................................15T ABLE 2. B OARD D ECOUPLING R EQUIREMENTS ...........................................................................................17T ABLE 3. S TUB T ERMINATION R ESISTOR ......................................................................................................18T ABLE 4. B OARD C HARACTERISTICS .............................................................................................................19T ABLE 5. P ULL -UP R ESISTOR V ALUES ...........................................................................................................20T ABLE 6. B ACKPLANE C HARACTERISTICS .....................................................................................................21T ABLE 7. S YSTEM TO L OGICAL S LOT S IGNAL A SSIGNMENTS ........................................................................23T ABLE 8. S YSTEM TO L OGICAL S LOT I NTERRUPT A SSIGNMENTS ..................................................................24T ABLE 9. P HYSICAL S LOT A DDRESSES ..........................................................................................................27T ABLE 10. P OWER S PECIFICATIONS ...............................................................................................................28T ABLE 11. B ACKPLANE D ECOUPLING R ECOMMENDATIONS ..........................................................................30T ABLE 12. C ODING K EY C OLOR A SSIGNMENTS AND P ART N UMBERS ...........................................................61T ABLE 13. C OMPACT PCI P ERIPHERAL S LOT 64-B IT C ONNECTOR P IN A SSIGNMENTS ...................................62T ABLE 14 C OMPACT PCI P ERIPHERAL S LOT R EAR -P ANEL I/O C ONNECTOR P IN A SSIGNMENTS ....................63T ABLE 15. C OMPACT PCI S YSTEM S LOT 64-BIT C ONNECTOR P IN A SSIGNMENT .............................................64T ABLE 16. C OMPACT PCI S YSTEM S LOT R EAR -P ANEL I/O C ONNECTOR P IN A SSIGNMENTS ..........................65T ABLE 17. R EVISION H ISTORY . (67)P r o p e r t y o f M o t o r o l a F o r I n t e r n a l U s e O n l y - E x t e r n a l D i s t r i b u t i o n P r o h i b i t e d PICMG 2.0 R3.0 10/1/99vi This page is left intentionally blank.P r o p e r t y o f M o t o r o l aF orI nternalUseO nl y-Ext ernalD is tr ibutionPr ohibi te d CompactPCI ® Core Specification PICMG 2.0 R3.0 10/1/99vii IllustrationsF IGURE 1. 3U 64-B IT C OMPACT PCI F ORM F ACTOR ......................................................................................13F IGURE 2. 3U C OMPACT PCI B ACKPLANE E XAMPLE .....................................................................................14F IGURE 3. PCI S IGNAL T ERMINATION ...........................................................................................................22F IGURE 4. L OCAL 64 B IT I NITIALIZATION ......................................................................................................33F IGURE 5. ESD C LIP L OCATION ....................................................................................................................39F IGURE 6. 3U B OARD ....................................................................................................................................40F IGURE 7. 6U B OARD ....................................................................................................................................41F IGURE 8. F RONT S IDE B OARD ESD D IMENSIONS .........................................................................................42F IGURE 9. 3U R EAR -P ANEL I/O B OARD D IMENSIONS ...................................................................................43F IGURE 10. 6U R EAR P ANEL I/O B OARD D IMENSIONS ..................................................................................44F IGURE 11. R EAR P ANEL I/O ESD D IMENSIONS ...........................................................................................45F IGURE 12. C ROSS S ECTIONAL B OARD , C ONNECTOR , B ACKPLANE AND F RONT P ANEL V IEW ......................46F IGURE 13. C OMPONENT O UTLINE ................................................................................................................47F IGURE 15. C OMPACT PCI C OMPATIBILITY G LYPHS ......................................................................................48F IGURE 16. C OMPACT PCI L OGO ...................................................................................................................48F IGURE 17. 3U EMC F RONT P ANEL ..............................................................................................................50F IGURE 18. 6U EMC F RONT P ANEL ..............................................................................................................51F IGURE 19. 3U B ACKPLANE E XAMPLE - F RONT V IEW ..................................................................................53F IGURE 20. 3U B ACKPLANE D IMENSIONS .....................................................................................................56F IGURE 21. 6U B ACKPLANE D IMENSIONS .....................................................................................................57F IGURE 22. 3U C ONNECTOR I MPLEMENTATION ............................................................................................58F IGURE 23. 6U C ONNECTOR I MPLEMENTATION ............................................................................................58F IGURE 24. 5V S TRONG PCI M ODEL ............................................................................................................69F IGURE 25. 5V W EAK PCI M ODEL ...............................................................................................................70F IGURE 26. 3.3V S TRONG PCI M ODEL .........................................................................................................70F IGURE 27. 3.3V W EAK PCI M ODEL (71)P r o p e r t y o f M o t o r o l aF orI nternalUseO nl y-Ext ernalD is tr ibutionPr ohibi te d PICMG 2.0 R3.0 10/1/99viii This page is left intentionally blank.P r o p e r t y o f M o t o r o l aF orI nternalUseO nl y-Ext ernalD is tr ibutionPr ohibi te d 1. Overview CompactPCI ® Core Specification PICMG 2.0 R3.0 10/1/99Page 9 of 741 Overview 1.1 CompactPCI Objectives CompactPCI is an adaptation of the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)Specification 2.1 or later for industrial and/or embedded applications requiring a more robust mechanical form factor than desktop PCI. CompactPCI uses industry standard mechanical components and high performance connector technologies to provide an optimized system intended for rugged applications. CompactPCI provides a system that is electrically compatible with the PCI Specification, allowing low cost PCI components to be utilized in a mechanical form factor suited for rugged pactPCI is an open specification supported by the PICMG (PCI Industrial Co m-puter Manufacturers Group), which is a consortium of companies involved in utiliz-ing PCI for embedded applications. PICMG controls this specification.1.2 Background and Terminology Eurocard - A series of mechanical board form factor sizes for rack-based systems as used in VME, Multibus II, and other applications defined by the Institute of Electri-cal and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC).ISA - Industry Standard Architecture. A specification by which Personal Com puters (PCs) add boards.PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect. A specification for defining a common in-terconnect between logic components. Typically used for interconnecting high-speed,PC-compatible chipset components. The PCI specification is issued through the PCI Special Interest Group (PCI SIG).This specification utilizes several key words, which are defined below:may : A key word indicating flexibility of choice with no implied preference.shall : A key word indicating a mandatory requirement. Designers shall im-plement such mandatory requirements to ensure interchangeability and to claim conformance with the specification.should: A key word indicating flexibility of choice with a strongly preferred implementation.1.3 Desired AudienceCompactPCI exists to provide a standard form factor for those applications requiring the high performance of PCI as well as the small size and ruggedness of a rack mount system. CompactPCI provides a mechanism for OEM and end users to di-rectly apply PCI components and technology to a new mechanical form factor while。

Google高官回击乔布斯对Android的批评

Google高官回击乔布斯对Android的批评
是 ： ‘ ｋ ｒ ｄｒ ｉ ｃｄ ｄｒ ｉ ｒ ｏｉｉ ｕ ｔ ／ ｄｒ ｄ． ｔ ｍ ｄｉ ａｎ ０ｄ： ａｎ ０ｄ： ｅｐ ｎｔ ｇ．／ ａｎ ０ｉ ｇｉ — ： ． ｋ ｎ ．ｒபைடு நூலகம்ｐｌｔｏ ｍ ／ ｅｒｅ１ ｇ／ ａ ｆ ｒ ｍａｎｆ ｓ．ｉｒ ｐｏ ｙ ； ａｋ ” ｏ ｉ ｔｇｔ ｅ ｓ ｎｃｍ ｅ ； ｅ’ 。
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限 ，有 些人 会 更愿 意选 择平 板 电脑 ，而不 是 去 更新 现 有 的 ｌ 电脑 。言 外之 意 是 ，购 要 １ ９ 据 国 外媒 体 报 道 ，Ｇ０ ｇｅ ｄ０ｄ平 台负 责 人 安迪 －鲁 ０ Ｉ Ａｎ ｒｊ 电脑 的用 户实 际上手 头 已经拥 有一 台电脑 。 宾 （ ｄ Ｒ ｂｎ 通 过 Ｔ ｔ ｒ 击 了 苹 果 ＣＥ 史 蒂 夫 ・乔 Ａｎ ｙ ｕ ｉ） ｗｉｅ 回 ｔ Ｏ 在 欧德 宁看 来 ，平 板 电脑 会 走上 网本 的发 展轨 迹 。“ 霸 布 斯 （ ｅ ｅ ｏ ｓ 对 Ａ ｄｏｄ 的 批 评 ，称 任 何 人 都 可 以 开 发 Ｓ ｖ Ｊ ｂ） ｔ ｎ ｒｉ 为平 板和 当年 的 上网本 带来 的影 响 一样 ，但是 三年 之后 ，Ｆ Ａｎ ｒ ｉ ｄ ｏｄ应用 。 上 网本都均 进入 了稳定 增长 ， 我们 认 为平 板 电脑 市场也是 ～ 乔 布 斯 在 苹 果 欧德 宁表 示 ：“ 我们 对平 板 电脑 的机 会持 更 长远 看法 ，新计 财 报 分 析 师 电 话 会 备市 场 的 出现 给 英特 尔 和行 业 内 其他 各 方带 来 了机 会 ，首 议 上表示 ，Ａｎ ｏｉ ｄｒ ｄ 会是 我们大 家可 以参与 这一 持续增 长 的市场 。 ” 是 “ 问题 软 件 ” ，因 欧 德 宁 同时 强 调 ，英 特 尔 已经 在努 力 进人 这 一 被苹 果 为 开 发 者 将 面 临 版 的市场 。“ 我们 和众 多合 作伙 伴 一起研 发 新 的平板 解决 方案 本 过 多 的 问题 。 他 们 在 设计 上 的 优 势非 常 明显 ，在 未 来 的数 月 和数 季 度 里 ， 还 认 为 ，Ｇｏ ｅ ｏｇｌ 会 看到 英特 尔的 解决 方案 ，包 括运 行在 Ｗｉｄ ｗｓ ｎ ｏ 、Ａｎ ｒ ｄｏ 高 管称 ｉ ｏＳ是 封 闭 Ｍｅ Ｇｏ平 台上 的方案和 不 同价位 的方案 。 ｅ ” 平 台是 一 个伪 命 题 ， 掩 盖 了用户最 关心 的 问题 ，即 Ａ ｄ ｏｄ存 在 多种版 本 。 ｎ ｒｉ

贸仲杯09反方第一名memo

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S IXTEENTH A NNUALW ILLEM C.V IS I NTERNATIONAL C OMMERCIAL A RBITRATION M OOT3 to 9 A PRIL 2009MEMORANDUM FOR RESPONDENTSTOCKHOLMS UNIVERSITETO N B EHALF O F: A GAINST: Universal Auto Manufacturers, S.A. Reliable Auto Imports47 Industrial Road 114 Outer Ring RoadOceanside, Equatoriana Fortune City, Mediterraneo RESPONDENT CLAIMANTS TEPHANIE C ABRAL ·J ESSICA E DVALL ·K SENIYA K ORYUKALOVA L AURE M EYER · S OFIA P ALMQVIST · J ONATHAN R OBILOTTOT ABLE OF C ONTENTSINDEX OF AUTHORITIES ...................................................................................................................... v INDEX OF CASES ....................................................................................................................................... x i INDEX OF ARBITRAL AWARDS ........................................................................................................ x vi INDEX OF LEGAL SOURCES ........................................................................................................... x viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................... x x STATEMENT OF FACTS .......................................................................................................................... 1 ARGUMENT .................................................................................................................................................. .3 I.RESPONDENT UNIVERSAL IS NOT BOUND BY THE ARBITRATION AGREEMENT BECAUSE IT HAS NOT CONSENTED TO BEING PARTY TO THESE PROCEEDINGS .............................................................................................................. 3 A.RESPONDENT U NIVERSAL H AS N EVER C ONSENTED TO B EING A P ARTY TO T HESE A RBITRAL P ROCEEDINGS AND ITS O FFER TO P ROVIDE A SSISTANCE TO CLAIMANT IS N OT S UFFICIENT G ROUNDS TO B IND RESPONDENTU NIVERSAL TO THE A RBITRATION A GREEMENT ......................................................... 3 1. RESPONDENT Universal Did Not Participate in the Negotiation of the Contract, Nor its Performance .............................................................................. 4 2.RESPONDENT Universal‟s Offer to Assist CLAIMANT is Not a Reasonable Basis to Force RESPONDENT Universal to Arbitrate a Dispute Arising Out of a Contract It Never Signed ........................................................... 5 3.RESPONDENT Universal Was Not a Third-Party Beneficiary of the Contract ...................................................................................................................... 6 B. RESPONDENT U NIVERSAL AND RESPONDENT UAM ARE T WO S EPARATE E NTITIES T HAT D O N OT C ONSTITUTE O NE E CONOMIC R EALITY ....................... 8 C.A PPLICATION OF THE T HEORIES OF “E QUITY AND G OOD A DMINISTRATION OF J USTICE ” IS U NJUSTIFIED IN T HIS C ASE AS T HERE HAS B EEN N O D ENIAL OF J USTICE OR O THER U NFAIR P REJUDICE TO CLAIMANT’S R IGHTS (9)II.THE INSOLVENCY LAW OF OCEANIA RENDERED VOID THE ARBITRATION CLAUSE AND CONSEQUENTLY THE ARBITRALTRIBUNAL DOES NOT HAVE JURISDICTION OVER THE PARTIES (9)A. T HE I NSOLVENCY L AW OF O CEANIA IS A PPLICABLE TO THE M ATTER B EFORETHE T RIBUNAL AND R ENDERS V OID THE F OUNDATION FOR T HESEP ROCEEDINGS (10)1. The Substantive Law Applicable to the Contract Should Also be Applicableto the Arbitration Agreement (10)2. Oceania Law is Applicable in This Dispute as the Law Most CloselyConnected to the Contract (12)3. The Tribunal Lacks Jurisdiction Over the Parties Because the OceaniaInsolvency Law Operates to Render Void the Arbitration Agreement (14)B. T HE E XPRESSED P UBLIC P OLICY C ONCERNS OF MEDITERRANEO ANDE QUATORIANA E NCOURAGE THE D ISMISSAL OF T HESE P ROCEEDINGS (15)III. RESPONDENT UNIVERSAL CANNOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR RESPONDENT UAM’S BRE ACH OF CONTRACT (17)A. RESPONDENT U NIVERSAL C ANNOT B E HELD L IABLE B ECAUSE N O A GENCYR ELATIONSHIP E XISTED B ETWEEN RESPONDENT U NIVERSAL ANDRESPONDENT UAM (17)1. RESPONDENT Universal Did Not Have Control Over RESPONDENTUAM Sufficient to Support a Finding of Liability Based on AgencyPrinciples (18)2. RESPONDENT Universal Did Not Consent to Be Represented byRESPONDENT UAM in its Dealings With CLAIMANT (19)3. RESPONDENT Universal Did Not Give the Appearance ThatRESPONDENT UAM Had Authority to Act on its Behalf (21)B. “P IERCING THE C ORPORATE V EIL” OF RESPONDENT U NIVERSAL ISU NWARRANTED IN L IGHT OF THE L ACK OF E VIDENCE OF I MPROPERC ONDUCT (22)IV. CLAIMANT WAS NOT ENTITLED TO DECLARE THE CONTRACT AVOIDED (25)A. CLAIMANT W AS N OT E NTITLED TO A VOID THE C ONTRACT B ECAUSE THEA LLEGEDB REACH W AS N OT F UNDAMENTAL AND CLAIMANT D ID N OTH AVE G OOD G ROUNDS TO C ONCLUDE THAT A F UNDAMENTAL B REACHW OULD O CCUR IN THE F UTURE (26)1. The Tera Cars Sales Contract Was an Installment Sales Contract (26)2. The First Installment Was Not Fundamentally Breached (27)i. The Breach Did Not Substantially Deprive CLAIMANT of ItsExpectation Under the Contract (27)ii. No Substantial Deprivation Was Foreseeable (30)3. CLAIMANT Did Not Have Good Grounds to Believe a FundamentalBreach Would Occur in the Future (31)B. CLAIMANT D ECLARED THE C ONTRACT A VOIDED B EFORE THE T IME F IXEDFOR P ERFORMANCE H AD E XPIRED (33)C. E VEN IF THE C ONTRACT W AS N OT AN I NSTALLMENT C ONTRACT,CLAIMANTW AS S TILL N OT E NTITLED TO D ECLARE THE C ONTRACT A VOIDED (34)V. REQUEST FOR RELIEF (35)I NDEX OF A UTHORITIESA ZEREDO DA S ILVEIRA, Anticipatory Breach under the United Nations Convention on Mercédeh Contracts for the International Sale of GoodsNordic Journal of Commercial Law, Issue 2005 #2Available at:/cisg/biblio/azeredo.html#ivCited as: A ZEREDO(Paras.60, 79)B ABIAK, Andrew Defining “Fundamental Breach” Under the United NationsConvention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. 6Temple International and Comparative Law Journal (1992) 113-143Available at: /cisg/biblio/babiak.htmlCited as: B ABIAK(Paras.72)B ENNETT,Trevor Article 71. In: Cesare Bianca and Michael Bonell, Eds. Commentaryon the International Sales Law, Giuffrè: Milan (1987) 513-524.Available at: /cisg/biblio/bennett-bb71.htmlCited as: B ENNETT (71) IN B IANCA/B ONELL(Para. 80)B ENNETT,Trevor Article 73. In: Cesare Bianca and Michael Bonell, Eds. Commentaryon the International Sales Law, Giuffrè: Milan (1987) 531-537.Available at: /cisg/biblio/bennett-bb73.html#iiCited as: B ENNETT (73) IN B IANCA/B ONELL(Paras.74, 75)B IANCA, Cesare Commentary on the International Sales Law: The 1980 Vienna Sales B ONELL, Michael Joachim Convention. Giuffre, Milan, 1987(Eds.) Cited as: B IANCA /B ONELL(Para. 63)B LACK Black‟s Law Dictionary, Special Deluxe 5th EditionWest Publishing, 1979Cited as: B LACK‟S L AW(Paras. 31)B LESSING,Marc Introduction to Arbitration: Swiss and International Perspectives. In:Swiss Commercial Law Series, Vol. 10; Munich, Helbing &Lichtenhahn, 1999.Cited as: B LESSING(Paras. 25, 26)B LESSING,Marc The Law Applicable to the Arbitration Clause. In: ICCA CongressSeries No. 9, Paris, 1999Cited as: B LESSING (1999)(Para. 47)B ORN, Gary B. International Commercial Arbitration: Commentary and Materials.Kluwer Law International, The Hague, 2nd Ed. 2001Cited as: B ORN(Paras. 22, 38, 50)B ORN, Gary B. International Commercial ArbitrationKluwer Law International, The Hague, 2008Cited as: B ORN (2008)(Paras.24, 37)C HENGWEI, Liu Suspension or Avoidance due to Anticipatory Breach: Perspectivesfrom Arts. 71/72 CISG, the UNIDROIT Principles, PECL and CaseLaw [2nd edition: Case annotated update (May 2005)]Available at:/cisg/biblio/liu9.html#ccvCited as: C HENGWEI (May 2005)(Para.80)C HENGWEI, Liu Additional Period (Nachfrist) for Late Performance: Perspectives fromthe CISG, UNIDROIT Principles, PECL and Case Law [2nd edition:Case annotated update (March 2005)]Available at: /cisg/biblio/liu4.html#vCited as: C HENGWEI (March 2005)(Para.77)C HENGWEI, Liu Remedies for Non-Performance: Perspectives from CISG,UNIDROIT Principles & PECL (September 2003).Available at:/cisg/biblio/chengwei.htmlCited as: C HENGWEI (2003)(Para.60)CISG A DVISORY C OUNCIL CISG-AC Opinion No. 5 The Buyer‟s Right to Avoid the Contract inCase of Non-Conforming Goods or Documents. Rapporteur:Professor Dr. Ingeborg Schwenzer, BaselAvailable at: /cisg/CISG-AC-op5.htmlCited as: CISG-AC O PINION N O. 5(Para. 67)C OHEN, Daniel L'engagement des Sociétés à l'arbitrageRevue de l'arbitrage, 2006, No. 1, pp. 35-64Cited as: C OHEN(Para. 50)C RAIG, W. Laurence International Chamber of Commerce Arbitration. OceanaP ARK,William Publications, Dobbs Ferry, NY, 3d Ed. 2000P AULSSON,Jan Cited as: C RAIG/P ARK/P AULSSON(Paras. 3, 15, 25)F ERRARI, Franco Fundamental Breach of Contract Under the UN Sales Convention –25 Years of Article 25 CISG.25 Journal of Law and Commerce (Spring 2006) 489-508Available at:/cisg/biblio/ferrari14.htmlCited as: F ERRARI(Para. 58)F OUCHARD,Phillippe Fouchard, Gaillard, Goldman on International Arbitration.G AILLARD,Emmanuel Emmanuel Gaillard and John Savage, Eds. Kluwer LawG OLDMAN,Howard International, The Hague, 1999.Cited as: F OUCHARD ET AL.(Para. 4)H ANOTIAU, Bernard Complex Arbitrations: Multiparty, Multicontract, Multi-issue andClass Actions. Kluwer Law International, The Hague, 2005Cited as: H ANOTIAU(Paras. 10, 12, 13, 50)H ANOTIAU, Bernard Non-Signatories in International Arbitration: Lesson from ThirtyYears of Case.In: International Arbitration 2006: Back to Basics?ICCA International Arbitration CongressGeneral editor Albert Jan van den BergKluwer Law International, The Hague, 2007Cited as: H ANOTIAU (2006)(Para. 5)H ONNOLD,John Symposium - Ten Years of the United Nations Sales ConventionThe Sales Convention: From Idea to Practice Reproduced withpermission from 17 Journal of Law and Commerce (1998) 181-186Cited as:H ONNOLD (1998)(Para. 63)J ARROSSON,Charles Convention d‟arbitrage et groupes de societesASA Special Series No. 8, December 1994.Arbitration Agreement - Its Multifold Critical Aspects (1994)2nd Ed.,pp. 209-228Cited as: J ARROSSON(Para. 14)K AZIMIERSKA, Anna The Remedy of Avoidance under the Vienna Convention on theInternational Sale of GoodsPace Review of the Convention on Contracts for the InternationalSale of Goods, Kluwer (1999-2000) 79-192Available at:/cisg/biblio/kazimierska.htmlCited as: K AZIMIERSKA(Para. 60)K RÖLL,Stefan M. Pervasive Problems in International Arbitration. Kluwer LawM ISTELIS,Loukas A. International, The Hague, 2006L EW, Julian D. M. Cited as:K RÖLL(Para. 33)L AMM, Carolyn Defining the Party: Who is a Proper Party in an InstitutionalA QUA, Jocelyn Arbitration before the AAA and Other International Institutions.34 Geo. Wash. Int‟l L. Rev. 711 (2003)Cited as: L AMM &A QUA(Para. 16)L ANDO,Olé The Law Applicable to the Merits of the Dispute. In: ArbitrationInternational (1986)Cited as: L ANDO(Paras. 25, 26)L AZIC,Vesna Insolvency Proceedings and Commercial Arbitration.Kluwer Law International, The Hague, 1998Cited as: L AZIC(Para. 33)L EVY,Laurent Note – Tribunal Federal, 16 October 2003S TUCKI, Blaise Revue de l‟arbitrage, 2004, No. 3 pp. 707-718Cited as: L EVY/S TUCKI(Para. 50)L EW,Julian D.M. The Law Applicable to the Form and Substance of theArbitration ClauseICCA Congress series no. 9 (Paris/1999), pp. 114 - 145Cited as: L EW(Para. 22)L EW,Julian D.M. Comparative International Commercial Arbitration.M ISTELIS, Loukas A. Kluwer Law International, The Hague, 2003K RÖLL, Stefan M. Cited as: L EW/M ISTELIS/K RÖLL.(Para. 25)L OOKOFSKY, Joseph The 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for theInternational Sale of GoodsPublished in International Encyclopaedia of Laws - Contracts, Suppl. 29December 2000 1-192Cited as: L OOKOFSKY(Paras. 58, 64)L ORENZ, Alexander Fundamental Breach under the CISG.Available at: /cisg/biblio/lorenz.htmlCited as: L ORENZ(Para. 62)M ANTILLA-S ERRANO, International Arbitration and Insolvency ProceedingsFernando Arbitration International, Vol. 11 No. 1 (1995)Nordic Journal of Commercial Law, Issue 2005 #2Cited as: M ANTILLA-S ERRANO(Para. 33)M USTILL,M. Commercial Arbitration.B OYD, S. Butterworths, London, 2nd ed. 1989Cited as: M USTILL/B OYD(Para. 23)P OUDRET,Jean-Francois Comparative Law of International ArbitrationB ESSON,Sebastien Sweet & Maxwell Ltd., London 2007Cited as: P OUDRET &B ESSON(Paras. 3, 4, 5, 15, 48)R EDFERN, Alan Law and Practice of International Commercial ArbitrationH UNTER,Martin Sweet & Maxwell, London, 4th Ed. 2004Cited as: R EDFERN &H UNTER(Paras. 1, 2, 3, 22, 24, 25, 30, 32)S CHLECHTRIEM, Peter Subsequent Performance and Delivery Deadlines - Avoidance ofCISG Sales Contracts Due to Non-conformity of the Goods18 Pace International Law Review, Issue No. 1 (Spring 2006) 83-98Available at:/cisg/biblio/schlechtriem8.htmlCited as: S CHLECHTRIEM (2006)(Para. 58)S CHLECHTRIEM, Peter Uniform Sales Law: The UN Convention on Contracts for theInternational Sale of Goods. Manz, Vienna, 1986Available at: /cisg/biblio/schlechtriem.htmlCited as: S CHLECHTRIEM (1986)(Paras. 79, 80)S CHLECHTRIEM, Peter Commentary on the UN Convention on the International Sale of S CHWENZER,Ingeborg Goods (CISG), Oxford 2005Cited as: S CHLECHTRIEM &S CHWENZER(Paras. 65, 66, 72)W ILL,Michael Article 47. In: Cesare Bianca and Michael Bonell, Eds. Commentaryon the International Sales Law, Giuffrè: Milan (1987) 342-346.Reproduced with permission of Dott. A Giuffrè Editore, S.p.A.Available at: /cisg/biblio/will-bb47.htmlCited as: W ILL IN B IANCA/B ONELL(Para. 76)Y OUSSEF,Karim Observations on Judgment by Egypt‟s Court of Cassation in CaseNo. 4729 in SIAR 2007: 3Cited as: Y OUSSEF(Para.15)Z ELLER,Bruno The Remedy of Fundamental Breach and the CISG: A PrincipleLacking Certainty? The Vindobona Journal of InternationalCommercial Law and Arbitration, 11 VJ 2 (2007)Cited as: Z ELLER(Para. 68)Z UBERBÜHLER,Tobias Non-Signatories and the Consensus to Arbitrate. ASA Bulletin, Vol26 No. 1 (2008)Cited as: Z UBERBÜHLER(Para. 47)I NDEX OF C ASESF RANCEBRI Production Bonaventure v. Pan African ExportAppellate Court Grenoble, 14 May 1993Available at: /cases/950222f1.htmlCited as: BRI Production Bonaventure v. Pan African Export(Para. 75)G ERMANYCase No. 11 Sch 06/01Hanseatisches Oberlandesgericht (Court of Appeal) Hamburg, 24 January 2003Cited as: Case No. 11 Sch 06/01(Para. 24)Case No. N/AHamburg Arbitration proceeding 29 December 1998Available at: /cases/981229g1.htmlCited as: The Cheese Case(Para. 77)Case No. 1 U 143/95 and 410 O 21/95Provincial Court of Appeal Hamburg, Germany, 4 July 1997Available at: /case.cfm?pid=1&do=case&id=438&step=Abstract (abstract)Cited as: German case no. 1 U 143/95 and 410 O 21/95(Para. 77)Case No. 6 U 87/96Appellate Court Düsseldorf 24 April 1997Available at: /cases/970424g1.htmlCited as: The Shoes Case (Germany, 1997)(Para. 77)Case No. 2 U 31/96Appellate Court Koblenz 31 January 1997Available at: /cases/970131g1.htmlCited as: Acrylic Blankets Case (1997)(Para. 64)Case No. VIII ZR 18/94Bundesgerichtshof, 15 February 1995Available at: http///cases/950215gl.htmlCited as: Key Press Case (Germany)(Para. 79)Case No. 99 O 123/92District Court Berlin 30 September 1992Available at: /cases/920930g1.htmlCited as: The Shoes Case (Germany, 1992)(Para. 79)S PAINCase No. 729/96-BAppellate Court Barcelona 3 November 1997Available at: /cases/971103s4.htmlCited as: Rolled Steel Case(Para. 75)S WITZERLANDCase No. OR.2001.00029Commercial Court Kantons Aargau, 5 November 2002Available at: /cases/021105s1.htmlCited as: Inflatable Triumphal Arch Case(Para. 64)Case No. HG 95 0347Commercial Court Zürich, 5 February 1997Available at: /cases/970205s1.htmlCited as: The Sunflower Oil Case(Para. 75)Case No. HG 920670Commercial Court Zürich, 26 April 1995Available at: /cases/950426s1.htmlCited as: Saltwater Isolation Tank Case(Para. 67)Case No. 6252Pretura di Locarno-Campagna, 27 April 1992Available at: (abstract)Cited as: Case No. 6252 (Switzerland)(Para. 65)19 July 1988, Westland Helicopters7 ASA Bull. 63 (1989)Tribunal Fédéral (1988)Cited as: Westland Helicopters (1988)(Para. 17)Case No. ATF 120 II 155Tribunal Fédéral (1994)Cited as: ATF 120 II 155 (Switzerland)(Para. 48)U NITED K INGDOMAdams v. Cape Industries plc.[1990] BCLC 479Cited as: Adams v. Cape (U.K.)(Para. 50)Halpern v. Halpern.Queen‟s Bench Division (2006)Cited as: Halpern (2006)(Para. 24)Peterson Farms Inc. v C&M Farming Ltd.[2004] 1 Lloyd‟s Rep 603Cited as: Peterson Farms (U.K.)(Para. 15)Polish Steamship Co. v. A.J. Williams Fuels Ltd.Queen‟s Bench Division, Commercial Court (1988)Cited as: Polish Steamship (U.K.)(Para. 47)Premium Nafta Products Lim. v. Fili Shipping Co., A.C. 2007House of Lords,Available at:/pa/ld200607/ldjudgmt/jd071017/ship-1.htm Cited as: Premium Nafta (U.K.)(Para. 32)U NITED S TATESCargill Intern. S.A. v. M/T Pavel DybenkoUnited States Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit991 F.2d 1012 (2nd Cir. 1993)Cited as: Cargill (U.S.)(Para. 10)Carte Blanche (Singapore) Pte., Ltd. v. Diners Club Int‟l.United States Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit2 F.3d 24 (2nd Cir. 1993)Cited as: Carte Blanche (U.S.)(Para. 50)Ervin v. NokiaAppellate Court of Illinois, 5th District349 Ill. App. 3d 508 (5th Dist. 2004)Cited as: Ervin v. Nokia (U.S.)(Para. 39)Giordano v. Atria Assisted LivingUnited States District Court, E.D. Virginia429 F. Supp. 2d 732 (E.D. Va., 2006)Cited as: Giordano (U.S.)(Para. 44)Gvozdenovic v. United Air Lines, Inc.United States Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit933 F.2d 1100 (2nd Cir. 1991)Cited as: Gvozdenovic (U.S.)(Para. 9)In re U.S. LinesUnited States Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit(2000)Available at: /circt/2ndinreuslines.html Cited as: In re U.S. Lines (U.S.)(Para. 34)Karavos Compania Naveria S.A. v. Atlantica Export Corp.United States Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit588 F.2d 1 ( 2nd Cir. 1978)Cited as: Karavos (U.S.)(Para. 44)Siegel v. Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.United States District Court, C.D. California581 F. Supp. 2d 1067 (C.D. Cal., 2008)Cited as: Siegel v. Warner Bros. (U.S.)(Para. 50)Sunkist Soft Drinks, Inc. v. Sunkist Growers, Inc. United States Court of Appeals, 11th Circuit10 F.3d 753 (11th Cir. 1993)Cited as: Sunkist (U.S.)(Para. 11)Thompson-CSF, S.A. v. American Arbitration Association United States Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit64 F. 3d 773 (2nd Cir. 1995)Cited as: Thompson-CSF (U.S.)(Paras. 5, 15)TNS Holdings, Inc. v. MKI Securities Corp.Court of Appeals of New York703 N.E.2d 749 (N.Y. 1998)Cited as: TNS Holdings (U.S.)(Para. 50)Transamerica Leasing, Inc. v. LaRepublica de Venezuela United States Court of Appeals, D.C. Circuit200 F.3d 843 (C.A.D.C. 2000)Cited as: Transamerica Leasing (U.S.)(Para. 47)I NDEX OF A RBITRAL A WARDSA RBITRATION I NSTITUTE OF THE S TOCKHOLM C HAMBER OF C OMMERCEAward No. 117/1999 (2001)In: Stockholm International Arbitration Review, 2002:1Cited as: SCC 117/1999 (2000)(Para. 24)C HINA I NTERNATIONAL E CONOMIC &T RADE A RBITRATION C OMMISSIONDiesel Generator Case (2006)Available at: /cases/060521c1.htmlCited as: Diesel Generator (China, 2006)(Para. 42)T HE I NTERNATIONAL C HAMBER OF C OMMERCEICC No. 9839 (1999)Cited as: ICC 9839 (1999)(Para.10)ICC No. 6769 (1991)Cited as: ICC 6769 (1991)(Para. 9)ICC No. 3879 (1986)Cited as: ICC 3879 (1986)(Para. 17)ICC No. 4237 (1984)Cited as: ICC 4237 (1984)(Para. 25)ICC No. 4131 (1984)Cited as: Dow Chemical (ICC)(Paras. 15, 16)ICC No. 4402 (1983)Cited as: ICC 4402 (1983)(Para. 14)S WITZERLANDAlpha S.A. v. Beta & Co., State Company of Ruritanian LawAd hoc award of 1991ASA Bulletin 2/1992Cited as:A LPHA (S WITZERLAND)(Para. 15)I NDEX OF L EGAL S OURCESConvention on Agency Convention on Agency in the International Sale ofGoods, 1983Paras. 39, 44, 47, 51CISG Convention on Contracts for the InternationalSale of Goods, Vienna 1980PassimHague Convention Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Contracts for theInternational Sales of Goods of 22 December 1986Para. 27International Chamber of Preambles to Incoterms 2000Commerce on Incoterms Cited as: Incoterms 2000 CommentariesAvailable at: /incoterms/id3040/index.htmlPara. 28New York Convention New York Convention on the Recognition andEnforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, New York, 1958SCC Rules Arbitration Rules of the Arbitration Institute of theStockholm Chamber of Commerce, Stockholm, 2007Paras. 1, 20, 38UNCITRAL Digest UNCITRAL Digest of Article 47 Case Law. In: The UNCITRALDigest of case law on the United Nations Convention on theInternational Sale of Goods.A/CN.9/SER.C/DIGEST/CISG/47 [8 June 2004].Available at: /cisg/text/digest-art-47.htmlCited as: The UNCITRAL Digest of Article 47 case lawPara. 77UNCITRAL Model Law UNCITRAL Model Law on International CommercialArbitration, 2006Cited as: DALPara. 21UNCITRAL Model Law UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency,on Cross-Border Insolvency 1997Cited as: UNCITRAL ML on Cross-Border InsolvencyAvailable at:/uncitral/en/uncitral_texts/insolvency/1997Model.htmlPara. 35U.N.S ECRETARIAT Commentary on the Draft Convention on Contracts for theInternational Sale of Goods (Article 23 of the 1978 Draft)Available at:/cisg/text/secomm/secomm-25.htmlCited as: S ECRETARIAT C OMMENTARY ON ART. 23 OF THE 1978D RAFT [DRAFT COUNTERPART OF ART. 25 CISG]Para. 68U.N.S ECRETARIAT Commentary on the Draft Convention on Contracts for theInternational Sale of Goods (Article 45 of the 1978 Draft)Available at:/cisg/text/secomm/secomm-45.htmlCited as: S ECRETARIAT C OMMENTARY ON ART. 45 OF THE 1978D RAFT [DRAFT COUNTERPART OF ART. 45 CISG]Para. 76U.N.S ECRETARIAT Commentary on the Draft Convention on Contracts for theInternational Sale of Goods (Article 64 of the 1978 Draft)Available at: /cisg/text/secomm/secomm-73.htmlCited as: S ECRETARIAT C OMMENTARY ON ART. 64 OF THE 1978D RAFT [DRAFT COUNTERPART OF ART. 73 CISG]Para. 60UNIDROIT Principles UNIDROIT Principles of International CommercialContracts, 2004Para. 44I NDEX OF A BBREVIATIONS$ United States DollarArb. ArbitrationArt. ArticleATF Arrêt du Tribunal Fédéral (Swiss Supreme Court)CIETAC China International Economic & Trade Arbitration Commission CISG United Nations Convention on the International Sale ofGoods,Vienna, 11 April 1980CISG-AC CISG Advisory CouncilCl. Brief CLAIMANT‟s Brief to the TribunalCl. Ex. CLAIMANT‟s ExhibitConv. on Agency Convention on Agency in the international Sales of Goods (Geneva,17 February 1983)ECU Engine Control Unite.g. exempli gratia (for example)et al. et alia (and the others)et seq et sequens (and the following)i.e. id est (that means)ICC International Chamber of Commerce and IndustryInc. IncorporatedLtd. LimitedML Model LawNo. Numberp. pagepara. paragraphpp. pagesProc. Ord. Procedural OrderSCC Stockholm Chamber of CommerceSCC Rules Arbitration rules of the SCCSch Internationales Schiedsgericht der Bundeskammer der gewerblichenWirtschaft - Wien (Vienna), AustriaStmt of Cl. Statement of ClaimU.K. United KingdomU.S. United StatesUAM Universal Auto Manufacturers Distributors Oceania, Ltd. UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International Trade Law UNIDROIT The UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts,2004v. versusS TATEMENT OF F ACTSCLAIMANT: Mr. Joseph Tisk, who does business under the trade name of Reliable Auto Imports (“CLAIMANT”), is a sole-trader car dealer whose principal office is located in Mediterraneo. CLAIMANT purchases consignments of new and used cars from a variety of countries and imports them for sale in Mediterraneo.RESPONDENT UAM: Universal Auto Manufacturers Distributors Oceania, Ltd. (“RESPONDENT UAM”) was formerly an authorized importer of automobiles manufac tured by Universal Auto Manufacturers. It is organized under the laws of Oceania.RESPONDENT Universal: Universal Auto Manufacturers, S.A. (“RESPONDENT Universal”) is a manufacturer of automotive products. It is organized under the laws of Equatoriana.JANUARY 2008∙18 - 23 January: CLAIMANT and RESPONDENT UAM entered into a contract for the purchase and sale of 100 newly-manufactured “Tera” cars (“the Contract”), which had recently received enthusiastic reviews in the trade press. The contract price was $7,600 per car. On 23 January, CLAIMANT made a $380,000 deposit on the Contract, representing 50% of the overall contract price. The Contract called for the cars to be shipped “as space is available.”FEBRUARY 2008∙18 - 21 February: CLAIMANT alleges that after receiving the 25 cars shipped in the first installment, he experienced problems with the engines of the cars. A mechanic hired by CLAIMANT was unable to identify the source of the cars‟ engine difficulties.∙22 February: CLAIMANT then contacted his contractual partner and spoke to Mr. High, Sales Manager at RESPONDENT UAM. CLAIMANT informed Mr. High of the difficulties with the25 Tera cars. Mr. High assured CLAIMANT that he would speak to his own service personnel,and possibly RESPONDENT Universal as well.∙27 February: Mr. High responded to CLAIMANT, and stated that while his own service personnel were unsure as to what the exact problem was, it was likely either an issue with the cars‟ engine control units (“ECUs”) or a fuel pressure is sue. CLAIMANT also spoke to Mr.Frank Jones, Chief Engineering Officer of RESPONDENT Universal, who reaffirmed the notion that the cars likely had a problem with their ECUs.∙28 February:Mr. Steiner, Regional Manager at RESPONDENT Universal, also contacted CLAIMANT and informed him that while RESPONDENT “UAM is, of course, responsible . .. for the condition of the Tera cars it . . . sold to [CLAIMANT],” nonetheless RESPONDENT Universal was willing to send its technical personnel to fix the unidentified problem with the Tera cars, in an effort to “stand behind its product.” CLAIMANT asked how long the repairs would take. In response, Mr. Steiner noted that he could not be certain but he was sure it would not be very long. In a later phone conversation, Mr. Steiner expressed to CLAIMANT his feeling that the cars would probably be fixed in one week, although he could not guarantee sucha result.∙29 February: On the heels of accepting another offer to purchase cars made by Patria Importers, a competitor of RESPONDENT UAM, CLAIMANT informed both RESPONDENT UAM and RESPONDENT Universal that he was terminating the (entire) Contract with RESPONDENT UAM. In a letter to RESPONDENT Universal, CLAIMANT stated there was “no reason” to send any personnel or equipmen t to Mediterraneo.APRIL 2008∙11 April: Ms. Judith Powers, Insolvency Representative for RESPONDENT UAM, which declared bankruptcy on 9 April, informed CLAIMANT that, under Oceania law, “the opening of insolvency proceedings [commenced in Oceania] automatically void[ed] any choice of forum clause, including any arbitration agreement” in all of RESPONDENT UAM‟s contracts.MAY 2008∙17 May: The 25 defective Tera cars were shipped from Mediterraneo to RESPONDENT Universal in Equatoriana.JUNE 2008∙19 June: RESPONDENT Universal contacted CLAIMANT and informed him that the problems with the 25 Tera cars were “quickly fixed.”AUGUST 2008∙15 August: In spite of the information provided to CLAIMANT by Ms. Judith Powers in April, CLAIMANT submitted a Request for Arbitration and Statement of Claim to the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (“SCC”).。

DIRART (Deformable Image Registration and Adaptive Radiotherapy) Software Suite

DIRART (Deformable Image Registration and Adaptive Radiotherapy) Software Suite

1
Table of Content DIRART (Deformable Image Registration and Adaptive Radiotherapy) Software Suite.............. 1 (Version 1.0a) ................................................................................................................................. 1 User Instruction Manual ................................................................................................................. 1 Version 0.1...................................................................................................................................... 1 Deshan Yang, PhD...................................................................................................................... 1 Issam El Naqa, PhD .................................................................................................

DNV-OS-C201

DNV-OS-C201

OFFSHORE STANDARDD ET N ORSKE VERITASDNV-OS-C201STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF OFFSHOREUNITS (WSD METHOD)APRIL 2005Since issued in print (April 2005), this booklet has been amended, latest in April 2006.See the reference to “Amendments and Corrections” on the next page.Comments may be sent by e-mail to rules@For subscription orders or information about subscription terms, please use distribution@Comprehensive information about DNV services, research and publications can be found at http :// , or can be obtained from DNV,Veritasveien 1, NO-1322 Høvik, Norway; Tel +47 67 57 99 00, Fax +47 67 57 99 11.© Det Norske Veritas. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, without the prior written consent of Det Norske puter Typesetting (FM+SGML) by Det Norske Veritas.Printed in Norway.If any person suffers loss or damage which is proved to have been caused by any negligent act or omission of Det Norske Veritas, then Det Norske Veritas shall pay compensation to such person for his proved direct loss or damage. However, the compensation shall not exceed an amount equal to ten times the fee charged for the service in question, provided that the maximum compen-sation shall never exceed USD 2 million.In this provision "Det Norske Veritas" shall mean the Foundation Det Norske Veritas as well as all its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees, agents and any other acting on behalf of Det Norske Veritas.FOREWORDDET NORSKE VERITAS (DNV) is an autonomous and independent foundation with the objectives of safeguarding life, prop-erty and the environment, at sea and onshore. DNV undertakes classification, certification, and other verification and consultancy services relating to quality of ships, offshore units and installations, and onshore industries worldwide, and carries out research in relation to these functions.DNV Offshore Codes consist of a three level hierarchy of documents:—Offshore Service Specifications. Provide principles and procedures of DNV classification, certification, verification and con-sultancy services.—Offshore Standards. Provide technical provisions and acceptance criteria for general use by the offshore industry as well asthe technical basis for DNV offshore services.—Recommended Practices. Provide proven technology and sound engineering practice as well as guidance for the higher levelOffshore Service Specifications and Offshore Standards.DNV Offshore Codes are offered within the following areas:A)Qualification, Quality and Safety Methodology B)Materials Technology C)Structures D)SystemsE)Special Facilities F)Pipelines and Risers G)Asset Operation H)Marine Operations J)Wind TurbinesAmendments and CorrectionsThis document is valid until superseded by a new revision. Minor amendments and corrections will be published in a separate document normally updated twice per year (April and October).For a complete listing of the changes, see the “Amendments and Corrections” document located at: /technologyservices/, “Offshore Rules & Standards”, “Viewing Area”.The electronic web-versions of the DNV Offshore Codes will be regularly updated to include these amendments and corrections.Amended April 2006,Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005 see note on front cover Changes – Page 3Changes April 2005—Sec.1. Unification of requirements, level of references, terms, definitions, lay-out, text, etc. with the LRFD stand-ards, i.e. general standard (DNV-OS-C101), the standards for various objects (DNV-OS-C102 to DNV-OS-C106), as well as the fabrication standard (DNV-OS-C401). —Sec.1 & Sec.2. Definition and application of design tem-perature and service temperature has been updated, and the terminology co-ordinated with the LRFD standards.—Sec.4. Overall conditions for fracture mechanics (FM) testing, and post weld heat treatment (PWHT) transferred here (from DNV-OS-C401). Requirements to FM adjusted to reflect results of more recent research work. —Sec.5. References to the more recent Recommended Prac-tices introduced e.g. DNV-RP-C201 (for Plates), updating references to CN 30.1.—Sec.3 D300. Specified tank pressures are harmonised with similar formulas in the LRFD standards, while simultane-ously attempted simplified and clarified.—Sec.11 to Sec.14. (Ref. to the various objects.) Formulas for sea pressure during transit are reorganised and clari-fied, improving readability.—Sec.12. Text covering redundancy and detailed design re-vised in line with DNV-OS-C104 (and the previous MOU-rules).—Sec.13. Text regarding the topics of tendon fracture me-chanics, composite tendons, and stability, as well as the CMC requirements are all updated, bringing the text in line with most recent revision of DNV-OS-C105.—Sec.14. Text updated in line with ongoing revision of DNV-OS-C106.D ET N ORSKE V ERITASOffshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005Amended April 2006, Page 4 – Changes see note on front coverD ET N ORSKE V ERITASAmended April 2006,Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005 see note on front cover Contents – Page 5CONTENTSSec. 1Introduction (9)A.General (9)A100Introduction (9)A200Objectives (9)A300Scope and application (9)A400Other than DNV codes (9)A500Classification (9)B.References (9)B100General (9)C.Definitions (10)C100Verbal forms (10)C200Terms (10)D.Abbreviations and Symbols (12)D100Abbreviations (12)D200Symbols (12)Sec. 2Design Principles (15)A.Introduction (15)A100General (15)A200Aim of the design (15)B.General Design Considerations (15)B100General (15)B200Overall design (15)B300Details design (15)C.Design Conditions (15)C100Basic conditions (15)D.Loading Conditions (16)D100General (16)D200Load (16)E.Design by the WSD Method (16)E100Permissible stress and usage factors (16)E200Basic usage factors (16)F.Design Assisted by Testing (16)F100General (16)F200Full-scale testing and observation of performance of existing structures (16)Sec. 3Loads and Load Effects (17)A.Introduction (17)A100General (17)B.Basis for Selection of Loads (17)B100General (17)C.Permanent Functional Loads (17)C100General (17)D.Variable Functional Loads (18)D100General (18)D200Variable functional loads on deck areas (18)D300Tank pressures (18)D400Lifeboat platforms (19)E.Environmental Loads (19)E100General (19)E200Environmental conditions for mobile units (19)E300Environmental conditionss for site specific units (19)E400Determination of hydrodynamic loads (19)E500Wave loads (19)E600Wave induced inertia forces (20)E700Current (20)E800Wind loads (20)E900Vortex induced oscillations (20)E1000Water level and tidal effects (20)E1100Marine growth (20)E1200Snow and ice accumulation............................................20E1300Direct ice load.. (20)E1400Earthquake (20)bination of Environmental Loads (21)F100General (21)G.Accidental Loads (21)G100General (21)H.Deformation Loads (21)H100General (21)H200Temperature loads (21)H300Settlements and subsidence of sea bed (21)I.Fatigue loads (22)I100General (22)J.Load Effect Analysis (22)J100General (22)J200Global motion analysis (22)J300Load effects in structures and soil or foundation (22)Sec. 4Structural Categorisation, Material Selection and Inspection Principles (23)A.General (23)A100 (23)B.Temperatures for Selection of Material (23)B100General (23)B200Floating units (23)B300Bottom fixed units (23)C.Structural Category (23)C100General (23)C200Selection of structural category (23)C300Inspection of welds (24)D.Structural Steel (24)D100General (24)D200Material designations (24)D300Selection of structural steel (25)D400Fracture mechanics (FM) testing (25)D500Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) (25)Sec. 5Structural Strength (26)A.General (26)A100General (26)A200Structural analysis (26)A300Ductility (26)A400Yield check (26)A500Buckling check (27)B.Flat Plated Structures and Stiffened Panels (27)B100Yield check (27)B200Buckling check (27)B300Capacity checks according to other codes (27)C.Shell Structures (27)C100General (27)D.Tubular Members, Tubular Joints and Conical Transitions.27 D100General (27)E.Non-Tubular Beams, Columns and Frames (28)E100General (28)Sec. 6Section Scantlings (29)A.General (29)A100Scope (29)B.Strength of Plating and Stiffeners (29)B100Scope (29)B200Minimum thickness (29)B300Bending of plating (29)D ET N ORSKE V ERITASOffshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005Amended April 2006, Page 6 – Contents see note on front coverB400Stiffeners (29)C.Bending and Shear in Girders (30)C100General (30)C200Minimum thickness (30)C300Bending and shear (30)C400Effective flange (30)C500Effective web (30)C600Strength requirements for simple girders (30)C700Complex girder systems (31)Sec. 7Fatigue (32)A.General (32)A100General (32)A200Design fatigue factors (32)A300Methods for fatigue analysis (32)A400Simplified fatigue analysis (33)A500Stochastic fatigue analysis (33)Sec. 8Accidental Conditions (34)A.General (34)A100General (34)B.Design Criteria (34)B100General (34)B200Collision (34)B300Dropped objects (34)B400Fires (34)B500Explosions (34)B600Unintended flooding (34)Sec. 9Weld Connections (36)A.General (36)A100Scope (36)B.Types of Welded Steel Joints (36)B100Butt joints (36)B200Tee or cross joints (36)B300Slot welds (37)B400Lap joint (37)C.Weld Size (37)C100General (37)C200Fillet welds (37)C300Partly penetration welds and fillet welds in crossconnections subject to high stresses (38)C400Connections of stiffeners to girders and bulkheads, etc..38 C500End connections of girders (39)C600Direct calculation of weld connections (39)Sec. 10Corrosion Control (40)A.General (40)A100Scope (40)B.Techniques for Corrosion Control Related to EnvironmentalZones (40)B100Atmospheric zone (40)B200Splash zone (40)B300Submerged zone (40)B400Internal zone (40)C.Cathodic Protection (41)C100General (41)C200Galvanic anode systems (41)C300Impressed current systems (42)D.Coating Systems (42)D100Specification of coating (42)Sec. 11Special Considerations for Column Stabilised Units (43)A.General (43)A100Assumptions and application (43)B.Structural Categorisation, Material Selection and InspectionPrinciples (43)B100General (43)B200Structural categorisation (43)B300Material selection (43)B400Inspection categories (44)C.Design and Loading Conditions (46)C100General (46)C200Permanent loads (46)C300Variable functional loads (46)C400Tank loads (46)C500Environmental loads, general (46)C600Sea pressures (47)C700Wind loads (47)C800Heavy components (47)C900Combination of loads (47)D.Structural Strength (47)D100General (47)D200Global capacity (47)D300Transit condition (47)D400Method of analysis (48)D500Air gap (48)E.Fatigue (48)E100General (48)E200Fatigue analysis (49)F.Accidental Conditions (49)F100General (49)F200Collision (49)F300Dropped objects (49)F400Fire (49)F500Explosion (49)F600Heeled condition (49)G.Redundancy (49)G100General (49)G200Brace arrangements (49)H.Structure in Way of a Fixed Mooring System (49)H100Structural strength (49)I.Structural Details (50)I100General (50)Sec. 12Special Considerations forSelf-Elevating Units (51)A.Introduction (51)A100Scope and application (51)B.Structural Categorisation, Material Selection and InspectionPrinciples (51)B100General (51)B200Structural categorisation (51)B300Material selection (51)B400Inspection categories (51)C.Design and Loading Conditions (51)C100General (51)C200Transit (52)C300Installation and retrieval (52)C400Operation and survival (52)D.Environmental Conditions (53)D100General (53)D200Wind (53)D300Waves (53)D400Current (53)D500Snow and ice (53)E.Method of Analysis (53)E100General (53)E200Global structural models (54)E300Local structural models (54)E400Fatigue analysis (55)F.Design Loads (55)F100General (55)F200Permanent loads (55)D ET N ORSKE V ERITASAmended April 2006,Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005 see note on front cover Contents – Page 7F300Variable functional loads (55)F400Tank loads (55)F500Environmental loads, general (55)F600Wind loads (55)F700Waves (56)F800Current (56)F900Wave and current (56)F1000Sea pressures during transit (57)F1100Heavy components during transit (57)F1200Combination of loads (57)G.Structural Strength (57)G100General (57)G200Global capacity (57)G300Footing strength (57)G400Leg strength (58)G500Jackhouse support strength (58)G600Hull strength (58)H.Fatigue Strength (58)H100General (58)H200Fatigue analysis (58)I.Accidental Conditions (58)I100General (58)I200Collisions (58)I300Dropped objects (58)I400Fires (58)I500Explosions (58)I600Unintended flooding (58)J.Miscellaneous requirements (59)J100General (59)J200Pre-load capasity (59)J300Overturning stability (59)J400Air gap (59)Sec. 13Special Considerations forTension Leg Platforms (TLP) (61)A.General (61)A100Scope and application (61)A200Description of tendon system (61)B.Structural Categorisation, Material Selection and InspectionPrinciples (62)B100General (62)B200Structural categorisation (62)B300Material selection (63)B400Design temperatures (63)B500Inspection categories (63)C.Design Principles (63)C100General (63)C200Design conditions (64)C300Fabrication (64)C400Hull and Deck Mating (64)C500Sea transportation (64)C600Installation (64)C700Decommissioning (64)C800Design principles, tendons (64)D.Design Loads (65)D100General (65)D200Load categories (65)E.Global Performance (65)E100General (65)E200Frequency domain analysis (66)E300High frequency analyses (66)E400Wave frequency analyses (66)E500Low frequency analyses (66)E600Time domain analyses (66)E700Model testing (67)E800Load effects in the tendons (67)F.Structural Strength (67)F100General (67)F200Hull (68)F300Structural analysis (68)F400Structural design.............................................................68F500Deck.. (68)F600Extreme tendon tensions (69)F700Structural design of tendons (69)F800Foundations (69)G.Fatigue (69)G100General (69)G200Hull and deck (69)G300Tendons (69)G400Foundation (70)H.Accidental Condition (70)H100Hull (70)H200Hull and deck (71)H300Tendons (71)H400Foundations (71)Sec. 14Special Considerations for Deep DraughtFloaters (DDF) (72)A.General (72)A100Introduction (72)A200Scope and application (72)B.Non-Operational Phases (72)B100General (72)B200Fabrication (72)B300Mating (72)B400Sea transportation (72)B500Installation (72)B600Decommissioning (73)C.Structural Categorisation, Selection of Material andExtent of Inspection (73)C100General (73)C200Material selection (73)C300Design temperatures (73)C400Inspection categories (73)C500Guidance to minimum requirements (73)D.Design Loads (74)D100Permanent loads (74)D200Variable functional loads (74)D300Environmental loads (74)D400Determination of loads (74)D500Hydrodynamic loads (74)E.Deformation Loads (74)E100General (74)F.Accidental Loads (75)F100General (75)G.Fatigue Loads (75)G100General (75)bination of Loads (75)H100General (75)I.Load Effect Analysis in Operational Phase (75)I100General (75)I200Global bending effects (75)J.Load Effect Analysis in Non-Operational Phases (75)J100General (75)J200Transportation (76)J300Launching (76)J400Upending (76)J500Deck mating (76)J600Riser installations (76)K.Structural Strength (76)K100Operation phase for hull (76)K200Non-operational phases for hull (76)K300Operation phase for deck or topside (77)K400Non-operational phases for deck or topside (77)L.Fatigue (77)L100General (77)L200Operation phase for hull (77)L300Non-operational phases for hull (77)D ET N ORSKE V ERITASOffshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005Amended April 2006, Page 8 – Contents see note on front coverL400Splash zone (77)L500Operation phase for deck or topside (78)L600Non-operational phases for deck or topside (78)M.Accidental Condition (78)M100General (78)M200Fire (78)M300Explosion (78)M400Collision (78)M500Dropped objects (78)M600Unintended flooding (78)M700Abnormal wave events (78)App. A Cross Sectional Types (80)A.Cross Sectional Types (80)A100General (80)A200Cross section requirements for plastic analysis (80)A300Cross section requirements whenelastic global analysis is used (80)App. B Methods and Models for Design of Column-Stabilised Units (82)A.Methods and Models (82)A100General (82)A200World wide operation (82)A300Benign waters or restricted areas (82)App. C Permanently Installed Units (83)A.Introduction (83)A100Application (83)B.Inspection and Maintenance (83)B100Facilities for inspection on location................................83C.Fatigue. (83)C100Design fatigue factors (83)C200Splash zone for floating units (83)App. D Certification of Tendon System (84)A.General (84)A100Introduction (84)B.Equipment categorization (84)B100General (84)C.Fabrication Record (84)C100General (84)D.Documentation Deliverables for Certification ofEquipment (85)D100General (85)E.Tendon Systems and Components (85)E100General (85)E200Tendon pipe (85)E300Bottom tendon interface (BTI) (86)E400Flex bearings (86)E500Foundations (86)E600Top tendon interface (TTI) (86)E700Intermediate tendon connectors (ITC) (86)E800Tendon tension monitoring system (TTMS) (86)E900Tendon porch (87)E1000Tendon corrosion protection system (87)E1100Load management program (LMP) (87)F.Categorisation of Tendon Components (87)F100General (87)G.Tendon Fabrication (88)G100General (88)D ET N ORSKE V ERITASAmended April 2006,Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005 see note on front cover Sec.1 – Page 9SECTION 1INTRODUCTIONA. GeneralA 100Introduction101 This offshore standard provides principles, technical re-quirements and guidance for the structural design of offshore structures, based on the Working Stress Design (WSD) meth-od.102 This standard has been written for general world-wide application. Statutory regulations may include requirements in excess of the provisions by this standard depending on size, type, location and intended service of the offshore unit or in-stallation.103 The standard is organised with general sections contain-ing common requirements and sections containing specific re-quirement for different type of offshore units. In case of deviating requirements between general sections and the ob-ject specific sections, requirements of the object specific sec-tions shall apply.A 200Objectives201 The objectives of this standard are to:—provide an internationally acceptable level of safety by de-fining minimum requirements for structures and structural components (in combination with referred standards, rec-ommended practices, guidelines, etc.)—serve as a contractual reference document between suppli-ers and purchasers—serve as a guideline for designers, suppliers, purchasers and regulators—specify procedures and requirements for offshore struc-tures subject to DNV certification and classification.A 300Scope and application301 This standard is applicable to the following types of off-shore structures:—column-stabilised units—self-elevating units—tension leg platforms—deep draught floaters.302 For utilisation of other materials, the general design principles given in this standard may be used together with rel-evant standards, codes or specifications covering the require-ments to materials design and fabrication.303 The standard is applicable to structural design of com-plete units including substructures, topside structures and ves-sel hulls.304 This standard gives requirements for the following: —design principles—structural categorisation—material selection and inspection principles—loads and load effect analyses—design of steel structures and connections—special considerations for different types of units. Requirements for foundation design are given in DNV-OS-C101.A 400Other than DNV codes401 Other recognised codes or standards may be applied pro-vided it is shown that the codes and standards, and their appli-cation, meet or exceed the level of safety of the actual DNV standard.402 In case of conflict between requirements of this standard and a reference document other than DNV documents, the re-quirements of this standard shall prevail.403 Where reference is made to codes other than DNV doc-uments, the latest revision of the documents shall be applied, unless otherwise specified.404 When code checks are performed according to other than DNV codes, the usage factors as given in the respective code shall be used.A 500Classification501 Classification principles, procedures and applicable class notations related to classification services of offshore units are specified in the DNV Offshore Service Specifications given in Table A1.502 Documentation requirements for classification are given by DNV-RP-A202.B. ReferencesB 100General101 The DNV documents in Table B1 are referred to in the present standards and contain acceptable methods for fulfilling the requirements in this standard.102 The latest valid revision of the DNV reference docu-ments in Table B2 applies. See also current DNV List of Pub-lications.103 The documents listed in Table B2 are referred in the present standard. The documents include acceptable methods for fulfilling the requirements in the present standard and may be used as a source of supplementary information. Only the referenced parts of the documents apply for fulfilment of the present standard.Table A1 DNV Offshore Service SpecificationsReference TitleDNV-OSS-101Rules for Classification of Offshore Drilling andSupport UnitsDNV-OSS-102Rules for Classification of Floating Productionand Storage UnitsDNV-OSS-103Rules for Classification of LNG/LPG FloatingProduction and Storage Units or Installations DNV-OSS-121Classification Based on Performance CriteriaDetermined by Risk Assessment MethodologyRules for Planning and Execution of MarineOperationsTable B1 DNV Reference DocumentsReference TitleDNV-OS-A101Safety Principles andArrangementDNV-OS-B101Metallic MaterialsDNV-OS-C101Design of Offshore Steel Struc-tures, General (LRFD method) DNV-OS-C301Stability and Watertight Integrity DNV-OS-C401Fabrication and Testing ofOffshore StructuresD ET N ORSKE V ERITASOffshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005Amended April 2006, Page 10 – Sec.1see note on front coverC. DefinitionsC 100Verbal forms101 Shall: Indicates a mandatory requirement to be followed for fulfilment or compliance with the present standard. Devia-tions are not permitted unless formally and rigorously justified, and accepted by all relevant contracting parties.102 Should: Indicates a recommendation that a certain course of action is preferred or particularly suitable. Alterna-tive courses of action are allowable under the standard where agreed between contracting parties but shall be justified and documented.103 May: Indicates a permission, or an option, which is per-mitted as part of conformance with the standard.C 200Terms201 Accidental condition: When the unit is subjected to ac-cidental loads such as collision, dropped objects, fire explo-sion, etc.202 Accidental loads: Loads which may occur as a result of accident or exceptional events, e.g. collisions, explosions, dropped objects.203 Atmospheric zone: The external surfaces of the unit above the splash zone.204 Cathodic protection: A technique to prevent corrosion of a steel surface by making the surface to be the cathode of an electrochemical cell.205 Characteristic load: The reference value of a load to be used in the determination of load effects. The characteristic load is normally based upon a defined fractile in the upper end of the distribution function for load.206 Characteristic strength: The reference value of structur-al strength to be used in the determination of the design strength. The characteristic strength is normally based upon a 5% fractile in the lower end of the distribution function for re-sistance.207 Characteristic value: The representative value associat-ed with a prescribed probability of not being unfavourably ex-ceeded during the applicable reference period.208 Classic spar: Shell type hull structure.209 Classification Note: The Classification Notes cover proven technology and solutions which is found to represent good practice by DNV, and which represent one alternative for satisfying the requirements given in the DNV Rules or other codes and standards cited by DNV. The Classification Notes will in the same manner be applicable for fulfilling the require-ments in the DNV Offshore Standards.210 Coating: Metallic, inorganic or organic material applied to steel surfaces for prevention of corrosion.211 Column-stabilised unit: A floating unit that can be relo-cated. A column-stabilised unit normally consists of a deck structure with a number of widely spaced, large diameter, sup-porting columns that are attached to submerged pontoons. 212 Corrosion allowance: Extra wall thickness added during design to compensate for any anticipated reduction in thick-ness during the operation.213 Damaged condition: The unit condition after accidental damage.214 Deep draught floater (DDF): A floating unit categorised with a relative large draught. The large draught is mainly intro-duced to obtain reduced wave excitation in heave and suffi-ciently high eigenperiod in heave such that resonant responses in heave can be omitted or minimised.215 Design brief: An agreed document presenting owner's technical basis, requirements and references for the unit design and fabrication.216 Design temperature: The design temperature for a unit is the reference temperature for assessing areas where the unit can be transported, installed and operated. The design temper-ature is to be lower or equal to the lowest mean daily tempera-ture in air for the relevant areas. For seasonal restricted operations the lowest mean daily temperature in air for the sea-son may be applied.217 Driving voltage: The difference between closed circuit anode potential and the protection potential.218 Dry transit: A transit where the unit is transported on a heavy lift unit from one geographical location to another. 219 Dynamic upending: A process where seawater is filled or flooded into the bottom section of a horizontally floating DDF hull and creating a trim condition and subsequent water filling of hull or moonpool and dynamic upending to bring the hull in vertical position.220 Environmental loads: Loads directly and indirectly due to environmental phenomena. Environmental loads are not a necessary consequence of the structures existence, use and treatments. All external loads which are responses to environ-mental phenomena are to be regarded as environmental loads, e.g. support reactions, mooring forces, and inertia forces. 221 Expected loads and response history: Expected load and response history for a specified time period, taking into ac-count the number of load cycles and the resulting load levels and response for each cycle.222 Expected value: The most probable value of a load dur-ing a specified time period.223 Fail to safe: A failure shall not lead to new failure, which may lead to total loss of the structure.DNV-OS-D101Marine Machinery Systems andEquipmentDNV-OS-E301Position MooringDNV-OS-F201Dynamic RisersDNV-RP-C103Column Stabilised UnitsDNV-RP-C201Buckling Strength of PlatedStructuresDNV-RP-C202Buckling Strength of Shells DNV-RP-C203Fatigue Strength Analysis ofOffshore Steel Structures Classification Note 30.1Buckling Strength Analysis ofBars and Frames, and SphericalShellsClassification Note 30.4 FoundationsClassification Note 30.5 Environmental Conditions andEnvironmental Loads Classification Note 31.5Strength Analysis of MainStructures of Self-elevating Units Table B2 Other referencesReference TitleAISC-ASD Manual of Steel Construction ASDAPI RP 2A – WSD with supplement 1Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms – Working Stress DesignAPI RP 2T Planning, Designing and Constructing TensionLeg PlatformsBS 7910Guide on methods for assessing the acceptability offlaws in fusion welded structuresNACE TPC Publication No. 3. The role of bacteria in corrosionof oil field equipmentSNAME 5-5A Site Specific Assessment of Mobile Jack-Up UnitsD ET N ORSKE V ERITAS。

3GPP TS 36.331 V13.2.0 (2016-06)

3GPP TS 36.331 V13.2.0 (2016-06)

3GPP TS 36.331 V13.2.0 (2016-06)Technical Specification3rd Generation Partnership Project;Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network;Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);Radio Resource Control (RRC);Protocol specification(Release 13)The present document has been developed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP TM) and may be further elaborated for the purposes of 3GPP. The present document has not been subject to any approval process by the 3GPP Organizational Partners and shall not be implemented.This Specification is provided for future development work within 3GPP only. The Organizational Partners accept no liability for any use of this Specification. Specifications and reports for implementation of the 3GPP TM system should be obtained via the 3GPP Organizational Partners' Publications Offices.KeywordsUMTS, radio3GPPPostal address3GPP support office address650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia AntipolisValbonne - FRANCETel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16InternetCopyright NotificationNo part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.© 2016, 3GPP Organizational Partners (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC).All rights reserved.UMTS™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its members3GPP™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational PartnersLTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners GSM® and the GSM logo are registered and owned by the GSM AssociationBluetooth® is a Trade Mark of the Bluetooth SIG registered for the benefit of its membersContentsForeword (18)1Scope (19)2References (19)3Definitions, symbols and abbreviations (22)3.1Definitions (22)3.2Abbreviations (24)4General (27)4.1Introduction (27)4.2Architecture (28)4.2.1UE states and state transitions including inter RAT (28)4.2.2Signalling radio bearers (29)4.3Services (30)4.3.1Services provided to upper layers (30)4.3.2Services expected from lower layers (30)4.4Functions (30)5Procedures (32)5.1General (32)5.1.1Introduction (32)5.1.2General requirements (32)5.2System information (33)5.2.1Introduction (33)5.2.1.1General (33)5.2.1.2Scheduling (34)5.2.1.2a Scheduling for NB-IoT (34)5.2.1.3System information validity and notification of changes (35)5.2.1.4Indication of ETWS notification (36)5.2.1.5Indication of CMAS notification (37)5.2.1.6Notification of EAB parameters change (37)5.2.1.7Access Barring parameters change in NB-IoT (37)5.2.2System information acquisition (38)5.2.2.1General (38)5.2.2.2Initiation (38)5.2.2.3System information required by the UE (38)5.2.2.4System information acquisition by the UE (39)5.2.2.5Essential system information missing (42)5.2.2.6Actions upon reception of the MasterInformationBlock message (42)5.2.2.7Actions upon reception of the SystemInformationBlockType1 message (42)5.2.2.8Actions upon reception of SystemInformation messages (44)5.2.2.9Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType2 (44)5.2.2.10Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType3 (45)5.2.2.11Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType4 (45)5.2.2.12Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType5 (45)5.2.2.13Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType6 (45)5.2.2.14Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType7 (45)5.2.2.15Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType8 (45)5.2.2.16Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType9 (46)5.2.2.17Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType10 (46)5.2.2.18Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType11 (46)5.2.2.19Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType12 (47)5.2.2.20Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType13 (48)5.2.2.21Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType14 (48)5.2.2.22Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType15 (48)5.2.2.23Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType16 (48)5.2.2.24Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType17 (48)5.2.2.25Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType18 (48)5.2.2.26Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType19 (49)5.2.3Acquisition of an SI message (49)5.2.3a Acquisition of an SI message by BL UE or UE in CE or a NB-IoT UE (50)5.3Connection control (50)5.3.1Introduction (50)5.3.1.1RRC connection control (50)5.3.1.2Security (52)5.3.1.2a RN security (53)5.3.1.3Connected mode mobility (53)5.3.1.4Connection control in NB-IoT (54)5.3.2Paging (55)5.3.2.1General (55)5.3.2.2Initiation (55)5.3.2.3Reception of the Paging message by the UE (55)5.3.3RRC connection establishment (56)5.3.3.1General (56)5.3.3.1a Conditions for establishing RRC Connection for sidelink communication/ discovery (58)5.3.3.2Initiation (59)5.3.3.3Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionRequest message (63)5.3.3.3a Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionResumeRequest message (64)5.3.3.4Reception of the RRCConnectionSetup by the UE (64)5.3.3.4a Reception of the RRCConnectionResume by the UE (66)5.3.3.5Cell re-selection while T300, T302, T303, T305, T306, or T308 is running (68)5.3.3.6T300 expiry (68)5.3.3.7T302, T303, T305, T306, or T308 expiry or stop (69)5.3.3.8Reception of the RRCConnectionReject by the UE (70)5.3.3.9Abortion of RRC connection establishment (71)5.3.3.10Handling of SSAC related parameters (71)5.3.3.11Access barring check (72)5.3.3.12EAB check (73)5.3.3.13Access barring check for ACDC (73)5.3.3.14Access Barring check for NB-IoT (74)5.3.4Initial security activation (75)5.3.4.1General (75)5.3.4.2Initiation (76)5.3.4.3Reception of the SecurityModeCommand by the UE (76)5.3.5RRC connection reconfiguration (77)5.3.5.1General (77)5.3.5.2Initiation (77)5.3.5.3Reception of an RRCConnectionReconfiguration not including the mobilityControlInfo by theUE (77)5.3.5.4Reception of an RRCConnectionReconfiguration including the mobilityControlInfo by the UE(handover) (79)5.3.5.5Reconfiguration failure (83)5.3.5.6T304 expiry (handover failure) (83)5.3.5.7Void (84)5.3.5.7a T307 expiry (SCG change failure) (84)5.3.5.8Radio Configuration involving full configuration option (84)5.3.6Counter check (86)5.3.6.1General (86)5.3.6.2Initiation (86)5.3.6.3Reception of the CounterCheck message by the UE (86)5.3.7RRC connection re-establishment (87)5.3.7.1General (87)5.3.7.2Initiation (87)5.3.7.3Actions following cell selection while T311 is running (88)5.3.7.4Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionReestablishmentRequest message (89)5.3.7.5Reception of the RRCConnectionReestablishment by the UE (89)5.3.7.6T311 expiry (91)5.3.7.7T301 expiry or selected cell no longer suitable (91)5.3.7.8Reception of RRCConnectionReestablishmentReject by the UE (91)5.3.8RRC connection release (92)5.3.8.1General (92)5.3.8.2Initiation (92)5.3.8.3Reception of the RRCConnectionRelease by the UE (92)5.3.8.4T320 expiry (93)5.3.9RRC connection release requested by upper layers (93)5.3.9.1General (93)5.3.9.2Initiation (93)5.3.10Radio resource configuration (93)5.3.10.0General (93)5.3.10.1SRB addition/ modification (94)5.3.10.2DRB release (95)5.3.10.3DRB addition/ modification (95)5.3.10.3a1DC specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (96)5.3.10.3a2LWA specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (98)5.3.10.3a3LWIP specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (98)5.3.10.3a SCell release (99)5.3.10.3b SCell addition/ modification (99)5.3.10.3c PSCell addition or modification (99)5.3.10.4MAC main reconfiguration (99)5.3.10.5Semi-persistent scheduling reconfiguration (100)5.3.10.6Physical channel reconfiguration (100)5.3.10.7Radio Link Failure Timers and Constants reconfiguration (101)5.3.10.8Time domain measurement resource restriction for serving cell (101)5.3.10.9Other configuration (102)5.3.10.10SCG reconfiguration (103)5.3.10.11SCG dedicated resource configuration (104)5.3.10.12Reconfiguration SCG or split DRB by drb-ToAddModList (105)5.3.10.13Neighbour cell information reconfiguration (105)5.3.10.14Void (105)5.3.10.15Sidelink dedicated configuration (105)5.3.10.16T370 expiry (106)5.3.11Radio link failure related actions (107)5.3.11.1Detection of physical layer problems in RRC_CONNECTED (107)5.3.11.2Recovery of physical layer problems (107)5.3.11.3Detection of radio link failure (107)5.3.12UE actions upon leaving RRC_CONNECTED (109)5.3.13UE actions upon PUCCH/ SRS release request (110)5.3.14Proximity indication (110)5.3.14.1General (110)5.3.14.2Initiation (111)5.3.14.3Actions related to transmission of ProximityIndication message (111)5.3.15Void (111)5.4Inter-RAT mobility (111)5.4.1Introduction (111)5.4.2Handover to E-UTRA (112)5.4.2.1General (112)5.4.2.2Initiation (112)5.4.2.3Reception of the RRCConnectionReconfiguration by the UE (112)5.4.2.4Reconfiguration failure (114)5.4.2.5T304 expiry (handover to E-UTRA failure) (114)5.4.3Mobility from E-UTRA (114)5.4.3.1General (114)5.4.3.2Initiation (115)5.4.3.3Reception of the MobilityFromEUTRACommand by the UE (115)5.4.3.4Successful completion of the mobility from E-UTRA (116)5.4.3.5Mobility from E-UTRA failure (117)5.4.4Handover from E-UTRA preparation request (CDMA2000) (117)5.4.4.1General (117)5.4.4.2Initiation (118)5.4.4.3Reception of the HandoverFromEUTRAPreparationRequest by the UE (118)5.4.5UL handover preparation transfer (CDMA2000) (118)5.4.5.1General (118)5.4.5.2Initiation (118)5.4.5.3Actions related to transmission of the ULHandoverPreparationTransfer message (119)5.4.5.4Failure to deliver the ULHandoverPreparationTransfer message (119)5.4.6Inter-RAT cell change order to E-UTRAN (119)5.4.6.1General (119)5.4.6.2Initiation (119)5.4.6.3UE fails to complete an inter-RAT cell change order (119)5.5Measurements (120)5.5.1Introduction (120)5.5.2Measurement configuration (121)5.5.2.1General (121)5.5.2.2Measurement identity removal (122)5.5.2.2a Measurement identity autonomous removal (122)5.5.2.3Measurement identity addition/ modification (123)5.5.2.4Measurement object removal (124)5.5.2.5Measurement object addition/ modification (124)5.5.2.6Reporting configuration removal (126)5.5.2.7Reporting configuration addition/ modification (127)5.5.2.8Quantity configuration (127)5.5.2.9Measurement gap configuration (127)5.5.2.10Discovery signals measurement timing configuration (128)5.5.2.11RSSI measurement timing configuration (128)5.5.3Performing measurements (128)5.5.3.1General (128)5.5.3.2Layer 3 filtering (131)5.5.4Measurement report triggering (131)5.5.4.1General (131)5.5.4.2Event A1 (Serving becomes better than threshold) (135)5.5.4.3Event A2 (Serving becomes worse than threshold) (136)5.5.4.4Event A3 (Neighbour becomes offset better than PCell/ PSCell) (136)5.5.4.5Event A4 (Neighbour becomes better than threshold) (137)5.5.4.6Event A5 (PCell/ PSCell becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbour becomes better thanthreshold2) (138)5.5.4.6a Event A6 (Neighbour becomes offset better than SCell) (139)5.5.4.7Event B1 (Inter RAT neighbour becomes better than threshold) (139)5.5.4.8Event B2 (PCell becomes worse than threshold1 and inter RAT neighbour becomes better thanthreshold2) (140)5.5.4.9Event C1 (CSI-RS resource becomes better than threshold) (141)5.5.4.10Event C2 (CSI-RS resource becomes offset better than reference CSI-RS resource) (141)5.5.4.11Event W1 (WLAN becomes better than a threshold) (142)5.5.4.12Event W2 (All WLAN inside WLAN mobility set becomes worse than threshold1 and a WLANoutside WLAN mobility set becomes better than threshold2) (142)5.5.4.13Event W3 (All WLAN inside WLAN mobility set becomes worse than a threshold) (143)5.5.5Measurement reporting (144)5.5.6Measurement related actions (148)5.5.6.1Actions upon handover and re-establishment (148)5.5.6.2Speed dependant scaling of measurement related parameters (149)5.5.7Inter-frequency RSTD measurement indication (149)5.5.7.1General (149)5.5.7.2Initiation (150)5.5.7.3Actions related to transmission of InterFreqRSTDMeasurementIndication message (150)5.6Other (150)5.6.0General (150)5.6.1DL information transfer (151)5.6.1.1General (151)5.6.1.2Initiation (151)5.6.1.3Reception of the DLInformationTransfer by the UE (151)5.6.2UL information transfer (151)5.6.2.1General (151)5.6.2.2Initiation (151)5.6.2.3Actions related to transmission of ULInformationTransfer message (152)5.6.2.4Failure to deliver ULInformationTransfer message (152)5.6.3UE capability transfer (152)5.6.3.1General (152)5.6.3.2Initiation (153)5.6.3.3Reception of the UECapabilityEnquiry by the UE (153)5.6.4CSFB to 1x Parameter transfer (157)5.6.4.1General (157)5.6.4.2Initiation (157)5.6.4.3Actions related to transmission of CSFBParametersRequestCDMA2000 message (157)5.6.4.4Reception of the CSFBParametersResponseCDMA2000 message (157)5.6.5UE Information (158)5.6.5.1General (158)5.6.5.2Initiation (158)5.6.5.3Reception of the UEInformationRequest message (158)5.6.6 Logged Measurement Configuration (159)5.6.6.1General (159)5.6.6.2Initiation (160)5.6.6.3Reception of the LoggedMeasurementConfiguration by the UE (160)5.6.6.4T330 expiry (160)5.6.7 Release of Logged Measurement Configuration (160)5.6.7.1General (160)5.6.7.2Initiation (160)5.6.8 Measurements logging (161)5.6.8.1General (161)5.6.8.2Initiation (161)5.6.9In-device coexistence indication (163)5.6.9.1General (163)5.6.9.2Initiation (164)5.6.9.3Actions related to transmission of InDeviceCoexIndication message (164)5.6.10UE Assistance Information (165)5.6.10.1General (165)5.6.10.2Initiation (166)5.6.10.3Actions related to transmission of UEAssistanceInformation message (166)5.6.11 Mobility history information (166)5.6.11.1General (166)5.6.11.2Initiation (166)5.6.12RAN-assisted WLAN interworking (167)5.6.12.1General (167)5.6.12.2Dedicated WLAN offload configuration (167)5.6.12.3WLAN offload RAN evaluation (167)5.6.12.4T350 expiry or stop (167)5.6.12.5Cell selection/ re-selection while T350 is running (168)5.6.13SCG failure information (168)5.6.13.1General (168)5.6.13.2Initiation (168)5.6.13.3Actions related to transmission of SCGFailureInformation message (168)5.6.14LTE-WLAN Aggregation (169)5.6.14.1Introduction (169)5.6.14.2Reception of LWA configuration (169)5.6.14.3Release of LWA configuration (170)5.6.15WLAN connection management (170)5.6.15.1Introduction (170)5.6.15.2WLAN connection status reporting (170)5.6.15.2.1General (170)5.6.15.2.2Initiation (171)5.6.15.2.3Actions related to transmission of WLANConnectionStatusReport message (171)5.6.15.3T351 Expiry (WLAN connection attempt timeout) (171)5.6.15.4WLAN status monitoring (171)5.6.16RAN controlled LTE-WLAN interworking (172)5.6.16.1General (172)5.6.16.2WLAN traffic steering command (172)5.6.17LTE-WLAN aggregation with IPsec tunnel (173)5.6.17.1General (173)5.7Generic error handling (174)5.7.1General (174)5.7.2ASN.1 violation or encoding error (174)5.7.3Field set to a not comprehended value (174)5.7.4Mandatory field missing (174)5.7.5Not comprehended field (176)5.8MBMS (176)5.8.1Introduction (176)5.8.1.1General (176)5.8.1.2Scheduling (176)5.8.1.3MCCH information validity and notification of changes (176)5.8.2MCCH information acquisition (178)5.8.2.1General (178)5.8.2.2Initiation (178)5.8.2.3MCCH information acquisition by the UE (178)5.8.2.4Actions upon reception of the MBSFNAreaConfiguration message (178)5.8.2.5Actions upon reception of the MBMSCountingRequest message (179)5.8.3MBMS PTM radio bearer configuration (179)5.8.3.1General (179)5.8.3.2Initiation (179)5.8.3.3MRB establishment (179)5.8.3.4MRB release (179)5.8.4MBMS Counting Procedure (179)5.8.4.1General (179)5.8.4.2Initiation (180)5.8.4.3Reception of the MBMSCountingRequest message by the UE (180)5.8.5MBMS interest indication (181)5.8.5.1General (181)5.8.5.2Initiation (181)5.8.5.3Determine MBMS frequencies of interest (182)5.8.5.4Actions related to transmission of MBMSInterestIndication message (183)5.8a SC-PTM (183)5.8a.1Introduction (183)5.8a.1.1General (183)5.8a.1.2SC-MCCH scheduling (183)5.8a.1.3SC-MCCH information validity and notification of changes (183)5.8a.1.4Procedures (184)5.8a.2SC-MCCH information acquisition (184)5.8a.2.1General (184)5.8a.2.2Initiation (184)5.8a.2.3SC-MCCH information acquisition by the UE (184)5.8a.2.4Actions upon reception of the SCPTMConfiguration message (185)5.8a.3SC-PTM radio bearer configuration (185)5.8a.3.1General (185)5.8a.3.2Initiation (185)5.8a.3.3SC-MRB establishment (185)5.8a.3.4SC-MRB release (185)5.9RN procedures (186)5.9.1RN reconfiguration (186)5.9.1.1General (186)5.9.1.2Initiation (186)5.9.1.3Reception of the RNReconfiguration by the RN (186)5.10Sidelink (186)5.10.1Introduction (186)5.10.1a Conditions for sidelink communication operation (187)5.10.2Sidelink UE information (188)5.10.2.1General (188)5.10.2.2Initiation (189)5.10.2.3Actions related to transmission of SidelinkUEInformation message (193)5.10.3Sidelink communication monitoring (195)5.10.6Sidelink discovery announcement (198)5.10.6a Sidelink discovery announcement pool selection (201)5.10.6b Sidelink discovery announcement reference carrier selection (201)5.10.7Sidelink synchronisation information transmission (202)5.10.7.1General (202)5.10.7.2Initiation (203)5.10.7.3Transmission of SLSS (204)5.10.7.4Transmission of MasterInformationBlock-SL message (205)5.10.7.5Void (206)5.10.8Sidelink synchronisation reference (206)5.10.8.1General (206)5.10.8.2Selection and reselection of synchronisation reference UE (SyncRef UE) (206)5.10.9Sidelink common control information (207)5.10.9.1General (207)5.10.9.2Actions related to reception of MasterInformationBlock-SL message (207)5.10.10Sidelink relay UE operation (207)5.10.10.1General (207)5.10.10.2AS-conditions for relay related sidelink communication transmission by sidelink relay UE (207)5.10.10.3AS-conditions for relay PS related sidelink discovery transmission by sidelink relay UE (208)5.10.10.4Sidelink relay UE threshold conditions (208)5.10.11Sidelink remote UE operation (208)5.10.11.1General (208)5.10.11.2AS-conditions for relay related sidelink communication transmission by sidelink remote UE (208)5.10.11.3AS-conditions for relay PS related sidelink discovery transmission by sidelink remote UE (209)5.10.11.4Selection and reselection of sidelink relay UE (209)5.10.11.5Sidelink remote UE threshold conditions (210)6Protocol data units, formats and parameters (tabular & ASN.1) (210)6.1General (210)6.2RRC messages (212)6.2.1General message structure (212)–EUTRA-RRC-Definitions (212)–BCCH-BCH-Message (212)–BCCH-DL-SCH-Message (212)–BCCH-DL-SCH-Message-BR (213)–MCCH-Message (213)–PCCH-Message (213)–DL-CCCH-Message (214)–DL-DCCH-Message (214)–UL-CCCH-Message (214)–UL-DCCH-Message (215)–SC-MCCH-Message (215)6.2.2Message definitions (216)–CounterCheck (216)–CounterCheckResponse (217)–CSFBParametersRequestCDMA2000 (217)–CSFBParametersResponseCDMA2000 (218)–DLInformationTransfer (218)–HandoverFromEUTRAPreparationRequest (CDMA2000) (219)–InDeviceCoexIndication (220)–InterFreqRSTDMeasurementIndication (222)–LoggedMeasurementConfiguration (223)–MasterInformationBlock (225)–MBMSCountingRequest (226)–MBMSCountingResponse (226)–MBMSInterestIndication (227)–MBSFNAreaConfiguration (228)–MeasurementReport (228)–MobilityFromEUTRACommand (229)–Paging (232)–ProximityIndication (233)–RNReconfiguration (234)–RNReconfigurationComplete (234)–RRCConnectionReconfiguration (235)–RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete (240)–RRCConnectionReestablishment (241)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentComplete (241)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentReject (242)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentRequest (243)–RRCConnectionReject (243)–RRCConnectionRelease (244)–RRCConnectionResume (248)–RRCConnectionResumeComplete (249)–RRCConnectionResumeRequest (250)–RRCConnectionRequest (250)–RRCConnectionSetup (251)–RRCConnectionSetupComplete (252)–SCGFailureInformation (253)–SCPTMConfiguration (254)–SecurityModeCommand (255)–SecurityModeComplete (255)–SecurityModeFailure (256)–SidelinkUEInformation (256)–SystemInformation (258)–SystemInformationBlockType1 (259)–UEAssistanceInformation (264)–UECapabilityEnquiry (265)–UECapabilityInformation (266)–UEInformationRequest (267)–UEInformationResponse (267)–ULHandoverPreparationTransfer (CDMA2000) (273)–ULInformationTransfer (274)–WLANConnectionStatusReport (274)6.3RRC information elements (275)6.3.1System information blocks (275)–SystemInformationBlockType2 (275)–SystemInformationBlockType3 (279)–SystemInformationBlockType4 (282)–SystemInformationBlockType5 (283)–SystemInformationBlockType6 (287)–SystemInformationBlockType7 (289)–SystemInformationBlockType8 (290)–SystemInformationBlockType9 (295)–SystemInformationBlockType10 (295)–SystemInformationBlockType11 (296)–SystemInformationBlockType12 (297)–SystemInformationBlockType13 (297)–SystemInformationBlockType14 (298)–SystemInformationBlockType15 (298)–SystemInformationBlockType16 (299)–SystemInformationBlockType17 (300)–SystemInformationBlockType18 (301)–SystemInformationBlockType19 (301)–SystemInformationBlockType20 (304)6.3.2Radio resource control information elements (304)–AntennaInfo (304)–AntennaInfoUL (306)–CQI-ReportConfig (307)–CQI-ReportPeriodicProcExtId (314)–CrossCarrierSchedulingConfig (314)–CSI-IM-Config (315)–CSI-IM-ConfigId (315)–CSI-RS-Config (317)–CSI-RS-ConfigEMIMO (318)–CSI-RS-ConfigNZP (319)–CSI-RS-ConfigNZPId (320)–CSI-RS-ConfigZP (321)–CSI-RS-ConfigZPId (321)–DMRS-Config (321)–DRB-Identity (322)–EPDCCH-Config (322)–EIMTA-MainConfig (324)–LogicalChannelConfig (325)–LWA-Configuration (326)–LWIP-Configuration (326)–RCLWI-Configuration (327)–MAC-MainConfig (327)–P-C-AndCBSR (332)–PDCCH-ConfigSCell (333)–PDCP-Config (334)–PDSCH-Config (337)–PDSCH-RE-MappingQCL-ConfigId (339)–PHICH-Config (339)–PhysicalConfigDedicated (339)–P-Max (344)–PRACH-Config (344)–PresenceAntennaPort1 (346)–PUCCH-Config (347)–PUSCH-Config (351)–RACH-ConfigCommon (355)–RACH-ConfigDedicated (357)–RadioResourceConfigCommon (358)–RadioResourceConfigDedicated (362)–RLC-Config (367)–RLF-TimersAndConstants (369)–RN-SubframeConfig (370)–SchedulingRequestConfig (371)–SoundingRS-UL-Config (372)–SPS-Config (375)–TDD-Config (376)–TimeAlignmentTimer (377)–TPC-PDCCH-Config (377)–TunnelConfigLWIP (378)–UplinkPowerControl (379)–WLAN-Id-List (382)–WLAN-MobilityConfig (382)6.3.3Security control information elements (382)–NextHopChainingCount (382)–SecurityAlgorithmConfig (383)–ShortMAC-I (383)6.3.4Mobility control information elements (383)–AdditionalSpectrumEmission (383)–ARFCN-ValueCDMA2000 (383)–ARFCN-ValueEUTRA (384)–ARFCN-ValueGERAN (384)–ARFCN-ValueUTRA (384)–BandclassCDMA2000 (384)–BandIndicatorGERAN (385)–CarrierFreqCDMA2000 (385)–CarrierFreqGERAN (385)–CellIndexList (387)–CellReselectionPriority (387)–CellSelectionInfoCE (387)–CellReselectionSubPriority (388)–CSFB-RegistrationParam1XRTT (388)–CellGlobalIdEUTRA (389)–CellGlobalIdUTRA (389)–CellGlobalIdGERAN (390)–CellGlobalIdCDMA2000 (390)–CellSelectionInfoNFreq (391)–CSG-Identity (391)–FreqBandIndicator (391)–MobilityControlInfo (391)–MobilityParametersCDMA2000 (1xRTT) (393)–MobilityStateParameters (394)–MultiBandInfoList (394)–NS-PmaxList (394)–PhysCellId (395)–PhysCellIdRange (395)–PhysCellIdRangeUTRA-FDDList (395)–PhysCellIdCDMA2000 (396)–PhysCellIdGERAN (396)–PhysCellIdUTRA-FDD (396)–PhysCellIdUTRA-TDD (396)–PLMN-Identity (397)–PLMN-IdentityList3 (397)–PreRegistrationInfoHRPD (397)–Q-QualMin (398)–Q-RxLevMin (398)–Q-OffsetRange (398)–Q-OffsetRangeInterRAT (399)–ReselectionThreshold (399)–ReselectionThresholdQ (399)–SCellIndex (399)–ServCellIndex (400)–SpeedStateScaleFactors (400)–SystemInfoListGERAN (400)–SystemTimeInfoCDMA2000 (401)–TrackingAreaCode (401)–T-Reselection (402)–T-ReselectionEUTRA-CE (402)6.3.5Measurement information elements (402)–AllowedMeasBandwidth (402)–CSI-RSRP-Range (402)–Hysteresis (402)–LocationInfo (403)–MBSFN-RSRQ-Range (403)–MeasConfig (404)–MeasDS-Config (405)–MeasGapConfig (406)–MeasId (407)–MeasIdToAddModList (407)–MeasObjectCDMA2000 (408)–MeasObjectEUTRA (408)–MeasObjectGERAN (412)–MeasObjectId (412)–MeasObjectToAddModList (412)–MeasObjectUTRA (413)–ReportConfigEUTRA (422)–ReportConfigId (425)–ReportConfigInterRAT (425)–ReportConfigToAddModList (428)–ReportInterval (429)–RSRP-Range (429)–RSRQ-Range (430)–RSRQ-Type (430)–RS-SINR-Range (430)–RSSI-Range-r13 (431)–TimeToTrigger (431)–UL-DelayConfig (431)–WLAN-CarrierInfo (431)–WLAN-RSSI-Range (432)–WLAN-Status (432)6.3.6Other information elements (433)–AbsoluteTimeInfo (433)–AreaConfiguration (433)–C-RNTI (433)–DedicatedInfoCDMA2000 (434)–DedicatedInfoNAS (434)–FilterCoefficient (434)–LoggingDuration (434)–LoggingInterval (435)–MeasSubframePattern (435)–MMEC (435)–NeighCellConfig (435)–OtherConfig (436)–RAND-CDMA2000 (1xRTT) (437)–RAT-Type (437)–ResumeIdentity (437)–RRC-TransactionIdentifier (438)–S-TMSI (438)–TraceReference (438)–UE-CapabilityRAT-ContainerList (438)–UE-EUTRA-Capability (439)–UE-RadioPagingInfo (469)–UE-TimersAndConstants (469)–VisitedCellInfoList (470)–WLAN-OffloadConfig (470)6.3.7MBMS information elements (472)–MBMS-NotificationConfig (472)–MBMS-ServiceList (473)–MBSFN-AreaId (473)–MBSFN-AreaInfoList (473)–MBSFN-SubframeConfig (474)–PMCH-InfoList (475)6.3.7a SC-PTM information elements (476)–SC-MTCH-InfoList (476)–SCPTM-NeighbourCellList (478)6.3.8Sidelink information elements (478)–SL-CommConfig (478)–SL-CommResourcePool (479)–SL-CP-Len (480)–SL-DiscConfig (481)–SL-DiscResourcePool (483)–SL-DiscTxPowerInfo (485)–SL-GapConfig (485)。

色号对照表 Equivalencias

色号对照表 Equivalencias

Model Color, Panzer Aces, Model Air, Game ColorEquivalencias Equivalent Values5T H r E v i s E d Ed i T i oninTrodUCCiÓnLas gamas de Model Color, Panzer Aces, Model Air y Game Color han sido desarrolladostomando en cuenta los colores empleados más frecuentemente por el modelista. Lastonalidades que corresponden a Federal Standard, RAL y RLM usados en las maquetas ymodelos más comunes han sido fielmente imitados en función de los originales oficiales opublicaciones especializadas.Además, para la comodidad de nuestros clientes hemos recopilado en este folleto un listadode equivalencias de referencias con otras marcas. Las equivalencias a otras marcas son enalgunos casos idénticos y en otros muy similares, sin embargo no podemos garantizar laequivalencia exacta al 100%.En esta recopilación de equivalencias faltan muchos colores y muchas gamas, y estamosconstantemente revisando y ampliando este listado para que sea lo más completo posible.En esta nueva version de Equivalencias, hemos tenido cuidado en revisar y corregir errores yomisiones. Algunos de nuestros otros impresos serán actualizados y corregidos de acuerdo,pero los folletos ahora en circulación puede que no estén del todo acordes a esta ediciónde Equivalencias.Todos nuestros colores están conformes a la normativa ASTMD-4236 (American Societyfor Testing and Materials) y a la normativa Europea 67/548/ CEE. Las Hojas de Seguridad sepueden suministrar si es necesario.inTrodUCTionOur color ranges in Model Color, Panzer Aces, Model Air and Game color have beenvery carefully chosen to provide the model painter with the references most frequentlyemployed. The tonalities which correspond to the Federal Standard, RAL, and RLMreferences most common for models and miniatures have been carefully matched to theoriginals or specialized publications.For the convenience of our customers, we have further collected in this leaflet some crossreferences with other model painting colours furnished us throughout these past yearsby experts in the field of model painting. We should add that these cross references aregiven to identical or very similar shades, but we cannot give a guarantee of 100% accuracy.This collection of equivalencies many colors and many color ranges are not yet included,and our intention is to revise and enlarge this list periodically to make it as complete aspossible.In this new revised edition of Equivalencies, we have taken care to doublecheck and correcterrors and omissions. Some of our other leaflets will be updated accordingly, but printedmatter now in circulation may not be completely in conformance with this current edition.All our colors conform to ASTM D-4236 standards and EEC regulation 67/548/CEE, and donot require health labelling. Safety Data sheets can be provided if required.Enero 2012Fotos de Model Color y Model Air cortesía de José BritoModel Color & Model Air Photographs by courtesy of José BritoFotos Game Color cortesía de Avatar of WarGame Color Photographs by courtesy of Avatar of WarEQUivALEnCiAs / EQUivALEnT vALUEsÍndiCE - indEXTabla de comparación general/General equivalent chart .........................................4/5Federal Standard (6)RLM (6)RAL (7)Citadel Foundation (7)Gunze (7)Humbrol (8)Revell (8)Tamiya (9)Testor (9)Model Air (10)Game Color (10)Federal Standard (11)RAL (11)Tabla de comparación general/General equivalent chart (12)Federal Standard (13)RLM (13)RAL (13)Gunze (14)Humbrol (14)Life Color (14)Revell (15)Tamiya (15)Testor (15)Tabla de comparación general/General equivalent chart (16)Tabla de comparación general/General equivalent chart (17)Citadel INK (17)Citadel (18)Citadel INK (19)3TABLA dE CoMPArACiÓn GEnErAL ModEL CoLor GEnErAL EQUivALEnT CHArT ModEL CoLor4M o d 5TABLA dE CoMPArACiÓn GEnErAL ModEL CoLorGEnErAL EQUivALEnT CHArT ModEL CoLorFEdErAL sTAndArd <=> ModEL CoLorFEdErAL sTAndArd > ModEL CoLorModEL CoLor > FEdErAL sTAndArdrLM <=> ModEL CoLorrLM > ModEL CoLorModEL CoLor > rLMM 7rAL <=> ModEL CoLorrAL > ModEL CoLorModEL CoLor > rALGUnZE <=> ModEL CoLorGUnZE > ModEL CoLorModEL CoLor > GUnZECiTAdEL FoUndATion <=> ModEL CoLorCiTAdEL FoUndATion > ModEL CoLorModEL CoLor > CiTAdEL FoUndATion8ModEL CoLor > HUMBroLrEvELL <=> ModEL CoLorrEvELL > ModEL CoLorHUMBroL <=> ModEL CoLorHUMBroL > ModEL CoLorM 9ModEL CoLor > rEvELLModEL CoLor > TAMiYATAMiYA <=> ModEL CoLorTAMiYA > ModEL CoLor10ModEL Air <=> ModEL CoLorModEL Air > ModEL CoLorModEL CoLor > ModEL AirGAME CoLor <=> ModEL CoLorGAME CoLor > ModEL CoLorModEL CoLor > GAME CoLorP 11PAnZEr ACEs > FEdErAL sTAndArdFEdErAL sTAndArd > PAnZEr ACEsPAnZEr ACEs <=> FEdErAL sTAndArdPAnZEr ACEs > rALrAL > PAnZEr ACEsPAnZEr ACEs <=> rALTABLA dE CoMPArACiÓn GEnErAL ModEL AirGEnErAL EQUivALEnT CHArT ModEL Air13rLM > ModEL AirrLM <=> ModEL AirModEL Air > rLMModEL Air > FEdErAL sTAndArdFEdErAL sTAndArd <=> ModEL AirFEdErAL sTAndArd > ModEL AirrAL <=> ModEL AirrAL > ModEL AirModEL Air > rALGUnZE <=> ModEL AirGUnZE > ModEL AirModEL Air > GUnZEHUMBroL <=> ModEL AirHUMBroL > ModEL AirModEL Air > HUMBroLLiFE CoLor <=> ModEL AirLiFE CoLor > ModEL AirModEL Air > LiFE CoLor15rEvELL <=> ModEL AirrEvELL > ModEL AirModEL Air > rEvELLTAMiYA <=> ModEL AirTAMiYA > ModEL AirModEL Air > TAMiYATEsTor <=> ModEL AirTEsTor > ModEL AirModEL Air > TEsTorTABLA dE CoMPArACiÓn GEnErAL sUrFACE PriMEr GEnErAL EQUivALEnT CHArT sUrFACE PriMErTABLA dE CoMPArACiÓn GEnErAL GAME CoLorGEnErAL EQUivALEnT CHArT GAME CoLorG A 17TABLA dE CoMPArACiÓn GEnErAL GAME CoLorGEnErAL EQUivALEnT CHArT GAME CoLorCiTAdEL ink<=> GAME CoLor inksCiTAdEL ink > GAME CoLor inkGAME CoLor ink > CiTAdEL inkCiTAdEL <=> GAME CoLorCiTAdEL > GAME CoLorGAME CoLor > CiTAdELG 19rEAPEr <=> GAME CoLorGAME CoLor > rEAPErrEAPEr > GAME CoLorPol. Ind. Sant Jordi, c/ Eusebio Millán, 1408800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona (España)Tel. +34 93 893 60 12 Fax +34 93 893 11 54E-mail: vallejo@ / export@ C C 073-R e v .05/2013。

Native Instruments MASCHINE MIKRO MK3用户手册说明书

Native Instruments MASCHINE MIKRO MK3用户手册说明书

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Native Instruments GmbH. The software described by this docu-ment is subject to a License Agreement and may not be copied to other media. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or otherwise transmitted or recorded, for any purpose, without prior written permission by Native Instruments GmbH, hereinafter referred to as Native Instruments.“Native Instruments”, “NI” and associated logos are (registered) trademarks of Native Instru-ments GmbH.ASIO, VST, HALion and Cubase are registered trademarks of Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH.All other product and company names are trademarks™ or registered® trademarks of their re-spective holders. Use of them does not imply any affiliation with or endorsement by them.Document authored by: David Gover and Nico Sidi.Software version: 2.8 (02/2019)Hardware version: MASCHINE MIKRO MK3Special thanks to the Beta Test Team, who were invaluable not just in tracking down bugs, but in making this a better product.NATIVE INSTRUMENTS GmbH Schlesische Str. 29-30D-10997 Berlin Germanywww.native-instruments.de NATIVE INSTRUMENTS North America, Inc. 6725 Sunset Boulevard5th FloorLos Angeles, CA 90028USANATIVE INSTRUMENTS K.K.YO Building 3FJingumae 6-7-15, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0001Japanwww.native-instruments.co.jp NATIVE INSTRUMENTS UK Limited 18 Phipp StreetLondon EC2A 4NUUKNATIVE INSTRUMENTS FRANCE SARL 113 Rue Saint-Maur75011 ParisFrance SHENZHEN NATIVE INSTRUMENTS COMPANY Limited 5F, Shenzhen Zimao Center111 Taizi Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, GuangdongChina© NATIVE INSTRUMENTS GmbH, 2019. All rights reserved.Table of Contents1Welcome to MASCHINE (23)1.1MASCHINE Documentation (24)1.2Document Conventions (25)1.3New Features in MASCHINE 2.8 (26)1.4New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.10 (28)1.5New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.8 (29)1.6New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.7 (29)1.7New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.4 (31)1.8New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.3 (33)2Quick Reference (35)2.1MASCHINE Project Overview (35)2.1.1Sound Content (35)2.1.2Arrangement (37)2.2MASCHINE Hardware Overview (40)2.2.1MASCHINE MIKRO Hardware Overview (40)2.2.1.1Browser Section (41)2.2.1.2Edit Section (42)2.2.1.3Performance Section (43)2.2.1.4Transport Section (45)2.2.1.5Pad Section (46)2.2.1.6Rear Panel (50)2.3MASCHINE Software Overview (51)2.3.1Header (52)2.3.2Browser (54)2.3.3Arranger (56)2.3.4Control Area (59)2.3.5Pattern Editor (60)3Basic Concepts (62)3.1Important Names and Concepts (62)3.2Adjusting the MASCHINE User Interface (65)3.2.1Adjusting the Size of the Interface (65)3.2.2Switching between Ideas View and Song View (66)3.2.3Showing/Hiding the Browser (67)3.2.4Showing/Hiding the Control Lane (67)3.3Common Operations (68)3.3.1Adjusting Volume, Swing, and Tempo (68)3.3.2Undo/Redo (71)3.3.3Focusing on a Group or a Sound (73)3.3.4Switching Between the Master, Group, and Sound Level (77)3.3.5Navigating Channel Properties, Plug-ins, and Parameter Pages in the Control Area.773.3.6Navigating the Software Using the Controller (82)3.3.7Using Two or More Hardware Controllers (82)3.3.8Loading a Recent Project from the Controller (84)3.4Native Kontrol Standard (85)3.5Stand-Alone and Plug-in Mode (86)3.5.1Differences between Stand-Alone and Plug-in Mode (86)3.5.2Switching Instances (88)3.6Preferences (88)3.6.1Preferences – General Page (89)3.6.2Preferences – Audio Page (93)3.6.3Preferences – MIDI Page (95)3.6.4Preferences – Default Page (97)3.6.5Preferences – Library Page (101)3.6.6Preferences – Plug-ins Page (109)3.6.7Preferences – Hardware Page (114)3.6.8Preferences – Colors Page (114)3.7Integrating MASCHINE into a MIDI Setup (117)3.7.1Connecting External MIDI Equipment (117)3.7.2Sync to External MIDI Clock (117)3.7.3Send MIDI Clock (118)3.7.4Using MIDI Mode (119)3.8Syncing MASCHINE using Ableton Link (120)3.8.1Connecting to a Network (121)3.8.2Joining and Leaving a Link Session (121)4Browser (123)4.1Browser Basics (123)4.1.1The MASCHINE Library (123)4.1.2Browsing the Library vs. Browsing Your Hard Disks (124)4.2Searching and Loading Files from the Library (125)4.2.1Overview of the Library Pane (125)4.2.2Selecting or Loading a Product and Selecting a Bank from the Browser (128)4.2.3Selecting a Product Category, a Product, a Bank, and a Sub-Bank (133)4.2.3.1Selecting a Product Category, a Product, a Bank, and a Sub-Bank on theController (137)4.2.4Selecting a File Type (137)4.2.5Choosing Between Factory and User Content (138)4.2.6Selecting Type and Character Tags (138)4.2.7Performing a Text Search (142)4.2.8Loading a File from the Result List (143)4.3Additional Browsing Tools (148)4.3.1Loading the Selected Files Automatically (148)4.3.2Auditioning Instrument Presets (149)4.3.3Auditioning Samples (150)4.3.4Loading Groups with Patterns (150)4.3.5Loading Groups with Routing (151)4.3.6Displaying File Information (151)4.4Using Favorites in the Browser (152)4.5Editing the Files’ Tags and Properties (155)4.5.1Attribute Editor Basics (155)4.5.2The Bank Page (157)4.5.3The Types and Characters Pages (157)4.5.4The Properties Page (160)4.6Loading and Importing Files from Your File System (161)4.6.1Overview of the FILES Pane (161)4.6.2Using Favorites (163)4.6.3Using the Location Bar (164)4.6.4Navigating to Recent Locations (165)4.6.5Using the Result List (166)4.6.6Importing Files to the MASCHINE Library (169)4.7Locating Missing Samples (171)4.8Using Quick Browse (173)5Managing Sounds, Groups, and Your Project (175)5.1Overview of the Sounds, Groups, and Master (175)5.1.1The Sound, Group, and Master Channels (176)5.1.2Similarities and Differences in Handling Sounds and Groups (177)5.1.3Selecting Multiple Sounds or Groups (178)5.2Managing Sounds (181)5.2.1Loading Sounds (183)5.2.2Pre-listening to Sounds (184)5.2.3Renaming Sound Slots (185)5.2.4Changing the Sound’s Color (186)5.2.5Saving Sounds (187)5.2.6Copying and Pasting Sounds (189)5.2.7Moving Sounds (192)5.2.8Resetting Sound Slots (193)5.3Managing Groups (194)5.3.1Creating Groups (196)5.3.2Loading Groups (197)5.3.3Renaming Groups (198)5.3.4Changing the Group’s Color (199)5.3.5Saving Groups (200)5.3.6Copying and Pasting Groups (202)5.3.7Reordering Groups (206)5.3.8Deleting Groups (207)5.4Exporting MASCHINE Objects and Audio (208)5.4.1Saving a Group with its Samples (208)5.4.2Saving a Project with its Samples (210)5.4.3Exporting Audio (212)5.5Importing Third-Party File Formats (218)5.5.1Loading REX Files into Sound Slots (218)5.5.2Importing MPC Programs to Groups (219)6Playing on the Controller (223)6.1Adjusting the Pads (223)6.1.1The Pad View in the Software (223)6.1.2Choosing a Pad Input Mode (225)6.1.3Adjusting the Base Key (226)6.2Adjusting the Key, Choke, and Link Parameters for Multiple Sounds (227)6.3Playing Tools (229)6.3.1Mute and Solo (229)6.3.2Choke All Notes (233)6.3.3Groove (233)6.3.4Level, Tempo, Tune, and Groove Shortcuts on Your Controller (235)6.3.5Tap Tempo (235)6.4Performance Features (236)6.4.1Overview of the Perform Features (236)6.4.2Selecting a Scale and Creating Chords (239)6.4.3Scale and Chord Parameters (240)6.4.4Creating Arpeggios and Repeated Notes (253)6.4.5Swing on Note Repeat / Arp Output (257)6.5Using Lock Snapshots (257)6.5.1Creating a Lock Snapshot (257)7Working with Plug-ins (259)7.1Plug-in Overview (259)7.1.1Plug-in Basics (259)7.1.2First Plug-in Slot of Sounds: Choosing the Sound’s Role (263)7.1.3Loading, Removing, and Replacing a Plug-in (264)7.1.4Adjusting the Plug-in Parameters (270)7.1.5Bypassing Plug-in Slots (270)7.1.6Using Side-Chain (272)7.1.7Moving Plug-ins (272)7.1.8Alternative: the Plug-in Strip (273)7.1.9Saving and Recalling Plug-in Presets (273)7.1.9.1Saving Plug-in Presets (274)7.1.9.2Recalling Plug-in Presets (275)7.1.9.3Removing a Default Plug-in Preset (276)7.2The Sampler Plug-in (277)7.2.1Page 1: Voice Settings / Engine (279)7.2.2Page 2: Pitch / Envelope (281)7.2.3Page 3: FX / Filter (283)7.2.4Page 4: Modulation (285)7.2.5Page 5: LFO (286)7.2.6Page 6: Velocity / Modwheel (288)7.3Using Native Instruments and External Plug-ins (289)7.3.1Opening/Closing Plug-in Windows (289)7.3.2Using the VST/AU Plug-in Parameters (292)7.3.3Setting Up Your Own Parameter Pages (293)7.3.4Using VST/AU Plug-in Presets (298)7.3.5Multiple-Output Plug-ins and Multitimbral Plug-ins (300)8Using the Audio Plug-in (302)8.1Loading a Loop into the Audio Plug-in (306)8.2Editing Audio in the Audio Plug-in (307)8.3Using Loop Mode (308)8.4Using Gate Mode (310)9Using the Drumsynths (312)9.1Drumsynths – General Handling (313)9.1.1Engines: Many Different Drums per Drumsynth (313)9.1.2Common Parameter Organization (313)9.1.3Shared Parameters (316)9.1.4Various Velocity Responses (316)9.1.5Pitch Range, Tuning, and MIDI Notes (316)9.2The Kicks (317)9.2.1Kick – Sub (319)9.2.2Kick – Tronic (321)9.2.3Kick – Dusty (324)9.2.4Kick – Grit (325)9.2.5Kick – Rasper (328)9.2.6Kick – Snappy (329)9.2.7Kick – Bold (331)9.2.8Kick – Maple (333)9.2.9Kick – Push (334)9.3The Snares (336)9.3.1Snare – Volt (338)9.3.2Snare – Bit (340)9.3.3Snare – Pow (342)9.3.4Snare – Sharp (343)9.3.5Snare – Airy (345)9.3.6Snare – Vintage (347)9.3.7Snare – Chrome (349)9.3.8Snare – Iron (351)9.3.9Snare – Clap (353)9.3.10Snare – Breaker (355)9.4The Hi-hats (357)9.4.1Hi-hat – Silver (358)9.4.2Hi-hat – Circuit (360)9.4.3Hi-hat – Memory (362)9.4.4Hi-hat – Hybrid (364)9.4.5Creating a Pattern with Closed and Open Hi-hats (366)9.5The Toms (367)9.5.1Tom – Tronic (369)9.5.2Tom – Fractal (371)9.5.3Tom – Floor (375)9.5.4Tom – High (377)9.6The Percussions (378)9.6.1Percussion – Fractal (380)9.6.2Percussion – Kettle (383)9.6.3Percussion – Shaker (385)9.7The Cymbals (389)9.7.1Cymbal – Crash (391)9.7.2Cymbal – Ride (393)10Using the Bass Synth (396)10.1Bass Synth – General Handling (397)10.1.1Parameter Organization (397)10.1.2Bass Synth Parameters (399)11Working with Patterns (401)11.1Pattern Basics (401)11.1.1Pattern Editor Overview (402)11.1.2Navigating the Event Area (404)11.1.3Following the Playback Position in the Pattern (406)11.1.4Jumping to Another Playback Position in the Pattern (407)11.1.5Group View and Keyboard View (408)11.1.6Adjusting the Arrange Grid and the Pattern Length (410)11.1.7Adjusting the Step Grid and the Nudge Grid (413)11.2Recording Patterns in Real Time (416)11.2.1Recording Your Patterns Live (417)11.2.2Using the Metronome (419)11.2.3Recording with Count-in (420)11.3Recording Patterns with the Step Sequencer (422)11.3.1Step Mode Basics (422)11.3.2Editing Events in Step Mode (424)11.4Editing Events (425)11.4.1Editing Events with the Mouse: an Overview (425)11.4.2Creating Events/Notes (428)11.4.3Selecting Events/Notes (429)11.4.4Editing Selected Events/Notes (431)11.4.5Deleting Events/Notes (434)11.4.6Cut, Copy, and Paste Events/Notes (436)11.4.7Quantizing Events/Notes (439)11.4.8Quantization While Playing (441)11.4.9Doubling a Pattern (442)11.4.10Adding Variation to Patterns (442)11.5Recording and Editing Modulation (443)11.5.1Which Parameters Are Modulatable? (444)11.5.2Recording Modulation (446)11.5.3Creating and Editing Modulation in the Control Lane (447)11.6Creating MIDI Tracks from Scratch in MASCHINE (452)11.7Managing Patterns (454)11.7.1The Pattern Manager and Pattern Mode (455)11.7.2Selecting Patterns and Pattern Banks (456)11.7.3Creating Patterns (459)11.7.4Deleting Patterns (460)11.7.5Creating and Deleting Pattern Banks (461)11.7.6Naming Patterns (463)11.7.7Changing the Pattern’s Color (465)11.7.8Duplicating, Copying, and Pasting Patterns (466)11.7.9Moving Patterns (469)11.8Importing/Exporting Audio and MIDI to/from Patterns (470)11.8.1Exporting Audio from Patterns (470)11.8.2Exporting MIDI from Patterns (472)11.8.3Importing MIDI to Patterns (474)12Audio Routing, Remote Control, and Macro Controls (483)12.1Audio Routing in MASCHINE (484)12.1.1Sending External Audio to Sounds (485)12.1.2Configuring the Main Output of Sounds and Groups (489)12.1.3Setting Up Auxiliary Outputs for Sounds and Groups (494)12.1.4Configuring the Master and Cue Outputs of MASCHINE (497)12.1.5Mono Audio Inputs (502)12.1.5.1Configuring External Inputs for Sounds in Mix View (503)12.2Using MIDI Control and Host Automation (506)12.2.1Triggering Sounds via MIDI Notes (507)12.2.2Triggering Scenes via MIDI (513)12.2.3Controlling Parameters via MIDI and Host Automation (514)12.2.4Selecting VST/AU Plug-in Presets via MIDI Program Change (522)12.2.5Sending MIDI from Sounds (523)12.3Creating Custom Sets of Parameters with the Macro Controls (527)12.3.1Macro Control Overview (527)12.3.2Assigning Macro Controls Using the Software (528)13Controlling Your Mix (535)13.1Mix View Basics (535)13.1.1Switching between Arrange View and Mix View (535)13.1.2Mix View Elements (536)13.2The Mixer (537)13.2.1Displaying Groups vs. Displaying Sounds (539)13.2.2Adjusting the Mixer Layout (541)13.2.3Selecting Channel Strips (542)13.2.4Managing Your Channels in the Mixer (543)13.2.5Adjusting Settings in the Channel Strips (545)13.2.6Using the Cue Bus (549)13.3The Plug-in Chain (551)13.4The Plug-in Strip (552)13.4.1The Plug-in Header (554)13.4.2Panels for Drumsynths and Internal Effects (556)13.4.3Panel for the Sampler (557)13.4.4Custom Panels for Native Instruments Plug-ins (560)13.4.5Undocking a Plug-in Panel (Native Instruments and External Plug-ins Only) (564)14Using Effects (567)14.1Applying Effects to a Sound, a Group or the Master (567)14.1.1Adding an Effect (567)14.1.2Other Operations on Effects (574)14.1.3Using the Side-Chain Input (575)14.2Applying Effects to External Audio (578)14.2.1Step 1: Configure MASCHINE Audio Inputs (578)14.2.2Step 2: Set up a Sound to Receive the External Input (579)14.2.3Step 3: Load an Effect to Process an Input (579)14.3Creating a Send Effect (580)14.3.1Step 1: Set Up a Sound or Group as Send Effect (581)14.3.2Step 2: Route Audio to the Send Effect (583)14.3.3 A Few Notes on Send Effects (583)14.4Creating Multi-Effects (584)15Effect Reference (587)15.1Dynamics (588)15.1.1Compressor (588)15.1.2Gate (591)15.1.3Transient Master (594)15.1.4Limiter (596)15.1.5Maximizer (600)15.2Filtering Effects (603)15.2.1EQ (603)15.2.2Filter (605)15.2.3Cabinet (609)15.3Modulation Effects (611)15.3.1Chorus (611)15.3.2Flanger (612)15.3.3FM (613)15.3.4Freq Shifter (615)15.3.5Phaser (616)15.4Spatial and Reverb Effects (617)15.4.1Ice (617)15.4.2Metaverb (619)15.4.3Reflex (620)15.4.4Reverb (Legacy) (621)15.4.5Reverb (623)15.4.5.1Reverb Room (623)15.4.5.2Reverb Hall (626)15.4.5.3Plate Reverb (629)15.5Delays (630)15.5.1Beat Delay (630)15.5.2Grain Delay (632)15.5.3Grain Stretch (634)15.5.4Resochord (636)15.6Distortion Effects (638)15.6.1Distortion (638)15.6.2Lofi (640)15.6.3Saturator (641)15.7Perform FX (645)15.7.1Filter (646)15.7.2Flanger (648)15.7.3Burst Echo (650)15.7.4Reso Echo (653)15.7.5Ring (656)15.7.6Stutter (658)15.7.7Tremolo (661)15.7.8Scratcher (664)16Working with the Arranger (667)16.1Arranger Basics (667)16.1.1Navigating Song View (670)16.1.2Following the Playback Position in Your Project (672)16.1.3Performing with Scenes and Sections using the Pads (673)16.2Using Ideas View (677)16.2.1Scene Overview (677)16.2.2Creating Scenes (679)16.2.3Assigning and Removing Patterns (679)16.2.4Selecting Scenes (682)16.2.5Deleting Scenes (684)16.2.6Creating and Deleting Scene Banks (685)16.2.7Clearing Scenes (685)16.2.8Duplicating Scenes (685)16.2.9Reordering Scenes (687)16.2.10Making Scenes Unique (688)16.2.11Appending Scenes to Arrangement (689)16.2.12Naming Scenes (689)16.2.13Changing the Color of a Scene (690)16.3Using Song View (692)16.3.1Section Management Overview (692)16.3.2Creating Sections (694)16.3.3Assigning a Scene to a Section (695)16.3.4Selecting Sections and Section Banks (696)16.3.5Reorganizing Sections (700)16.3.6Adjusting the Length of a Section (702)16.3.6.1Adjusting the Length of a Section Using the Software (703)16.3.6.2Adjusting the Length of a Section Using the Controller (705)16.3.7Clearing a Pattern in Song View (705)16.3.8Duplicating Sections (705)16.3.8.1Making Sections Unique (707)16.3.9Removing Sections (707)16.3.10Renaming Scenes (708)16.3.11Clearing Sections (710)16.3.12Creating and Deleting Section Banks (710)16.3.13Working with Patterns in Song view (710)16.3.13.1Creating a Pattern in Song View (711)16.3.13.2Selecting a Pattern in Song View (711)16.3.13.3Clearing a Pattern in Song View (711)16.3.13.4Renaming a Pattern in Song View (711)16.3.13.5Coloring a Pattern in Song View (712)16.3.13.6Removing a Pattern in Song View (712)16.3.13.7Duplicating a Pattern in Song View (712)16.3.14Enabling Auto Length (713)16.3.15Looping (714)16.3.15.1Setting the Loop Range in the Software (714)16.3.15.2Activating or Deactivating a Loop Using the Controller (715)16.4Playing with Sections (715)16.4.1Jumping to another Playback Position in Your Project (716)16.5Triggering Sections or Scenes via MIDI (717)16.6The Arrange Grid (719)16.7Quick Grid (720)17Sampling and Sample Mapping (722)17.1Opening the Sample Editor (722)17.2Recording Audio (724)17.2.1Opening the Record Page (724)17.2.2Selecting the Source and the Recording Mode (725)17.2.3Arming, Starting, and Stopping the Recording (729)17.2.5Checking Your Recordings (731)17.2.6Location and Name of Your Recorded Samples (734)17.3Editing a Sample (735)17.3.1Using the Edit Page (735)17.3.2Audio Editing Functions (739)17.4Slicing a Sample (743)17.4.1Opening the Slice Page (743)17.4.2Adjusting the Slicing Settings (744)17.4.3Manually Adjusting Your Slices (746)17.4.4Applying the Slicing (750)17.5Mapping Samples to Zones (754)17.5.1Opening the Zone Page (754)17.5.2Zone Page Overview (755)17.5.3Selecting and Managing Zones in the Zone List (756)17.5.4Selecting and Editing Zones in the Map View (761)17.5.5Editing Zones in the Sample View (765)17.5.6Adjusting the Zone Settings (767)17.5.7Adding Samples to the Sample Map (770)18Appendix: Tips for Playing Live (772)18.1Preparations (772)18.1.1Focus on the Hardware (772)18.1.2Customize the Pads of the Hardware (772)18.1.3Check Your CPU Power Before Playing (772)18.1.4Name and Color Your Groups, Patterns, Sounds and Scenes (773)18.1.5Consider Using a Limiter on Your Master (773)18.1.6Hook Up Your Other Gear and Sync It with MIDI Clock (773)18.1.7Improvise (773)18.2Basic Techniques (773)18.2.1Use Mute and Solo (773)18.2.2Create Variations of Your Drum Patterns in the Step Sequencer (774)18.2.3Use Note Repeat (774)18.2.4Set Up Your Own Multi-effect Groups and Automate Them (774)18.3Special Tricks (774)18.3.1Changing Pattern Length for Variation (774)18.3.2Using Loops to Cycle Through Samples (775)18.3.3Load Long Audio Files and Play with the Start Point (775)19Troubleshooting (776)19.1Knowledge Base (776)19.2Technical Support (776)19.3Registration Support (777)19.4User Forum (777)20Glossary (778)Index (786)1Welcome to MASCHINEThank you for buying MASCHINE!MASCHINE is a groove production studio that implements the familiar working style of classi-cal groove boxes along with the advantages of a computer based system. MASCHINE is ideal for making music live, as well as in the studio. It’s the hands-on aspect of a dedicated instru-ment, the MASCHINE hardware controller, united with the advanced editing features of the MASCHINE software.Creating beats is often not very intuitive with a computer, but using the MASCHINE hardware controller to do it makes it easy and fun. You can tap in freely with the pads or use Note Re-peat to jam along. Alternatively, build your beats using the step sequencer just as in classic drum machines.Patterns can be intuitively combined and rearranged on the fly to form larger ideas. You can try out several different versions of a song without ever having to stop the music.Since you can integrate it into any sequencer that supports VST, AU, or AAX plug-ins, you can reap the benefits in almost any software setup, or use it as a stand-alone application. You can sample your own material, slice loops and rearrange them easily.However, MASCHINE is a lot more than an ordinary groovebox or sampler: it comes with an inspiring 7-gigabyte library, and a sophisticated, yet easy to use tag-based Browser to give you instant access to the sounds you are looking for.What’s more, MASCHINE provides lots of options for manipulating your sounds via internal ef-fects and other sound-shaping possibilities. You can also control external MIDI hardware and 3rd-party software with the MASCHINE hardware controller, while customizing the functions of the pads, knobs and buttons according to your needs utilizing the included Controller Editor application. We hope you enjoy this fantastic instrument as much as we do. Now let’s get go-ing!—The MASCHINE team at Native Instruments.MASCHINE Documentation1.1MASCHINE DocumentationNative Instruments provide many information sources regarding MASCHINE. The main docu-ments should be read in the following sequence:1.MASCHINE MIKRO Quick Start Guide: This animated online guide provides a practical ap-proach to help you learn the basic of MASCHINE MIKRO. The guide is available from theNative Instruments website: https:///maschine-mikro-quick-start/2.MASCHINE Manual (this document): The MASCHINE Manual provides you with a compre-hensive description of all MASCHINE software and hardware features.Additional documentation sources provide you with details on more specific topics:►Online Support Videos: You can find a number of support videos on The Official Native In-struments Support Channel under the following URL: https:///NIsupport-EN. We recommend that you follow along with these instructions while the respective ap-plication is running on your computer.Other Online Resources:If you are experiencing problems related to your Native Instruments product that the supplied documentation does not cover, there are several ways of getting help:▪Knowledge Base▪User Forum▪Technical Support▪Registration SupportYou will find more information on these subjects in the chapter Troubleshooting.Document Conventions1.2Document ConventionsThis section introduces you to the signage and text highlighting used in this manual. This man-ual uses particular formatting to point out special facts and to warn you of potential issues.The icons introducing these notes let you see what kind of information is to be expected:This document uses particular formatting to point out special facts and to warn you of poten-tial issues. The icons introducing the following notes let you see what kind of information canbe expected:Furthermore, the following formatting is used:▪Text appearing in (drop-down) menus (such as Open…, Save as… etc.) in the software andpaths to locations on your hard disk or other storage devices is printed in italics.▪Text appearing elsewhere (labels of buttons, controls, text next to checkboxes etc.) in thesoftware is printed in blue. Whenever you see this formatting applied, you will find thesame text appearing somewhere on the screen.▪Text appearing on the displays of the controller is printed in light grey. Whenever you seethis formatting applied, you will find the same text on a controller display.▪Text appearing on labels of the hardware controller is printed in orange. Whenever you seethis formatting applied, you will find the same text on the controller.▪Important names and concepts are printed in bold.▪References to keys on your computer’s keyboard you’ll find put in square brackets (e.g.,“Press [Shift] + [Enter]”).►Single instructions are introduced by this play button type arrow.→Results of actions are introduced by this smaller arrow.Naming ConventionThroughout the documentation we will refer to MASCHINE controller (or just controller) as the hardware controller and MASCHINE software as the software installed on your computer.The term “effect” will sometimes be abbreviated as “FX” when referring to elements in the MA-SCHINE software and hardware. These terms have the same meaning.Button Combinations and Shortcuts on Your ControllerMost instructions will use the “+” sign to indicate buttons (or buttons and pads) that must be pressed simultaneously, starting with the button indicated first. E.g., an instruction such as:“Press SHIFT + PLAY”means:1.Press and hold SHIFT.2.While holding SHIFT, press PLAY and release it.3.Release SHIFT.1.3New Features in MASCHINE2.8The following new features have been added to MASCHINE: Integration▪Browse on , create your own collections of loops and one-shots and send them directly to the MASCHINE browser.Improvements to the Browser▪Samples are now cataloged in separate Loops and One-shots tabs in the Browser.▪Previews of loops selected in the Browser will be played in sync with the current project.When a loop is selected with Prehear turned on, it will begin playing immediately in-sync with the project if transport is running. If a loop preview starts part-way through the loop, the loop will play once more for its full length to ensure you get to hear the entire loop once in context with your project.▪Filters and product selections will be remembered when switching between content types and Factory/User Libraries in the Browser.▪Browser content synchronization between multiple running instances. When running multi-ple instances of MASCHINE, either as Standalone and/or as a plug-in, updates to the Li-brary will be synced across the instances. For example, if you delete a sample from your User Library in one instance, the sample will no longer be present in the other instances.Similarly, if you save a preset in one instance, that preset will then be available in the oth-er instances, too.▪Edits made to samples in the Factory Libraries will be saved to the Standard User Directo-ry.For more information on these new features, refer to the following chapter ↑4, Browser. Improvements to the MASCHINE MIKRO MK3 Controller▪You can now set sample Start and End points using the controller. For more information refer to ↑17.3.1, Using the Edit Page.Improved Support for A-Series Keyboards▪When Browsing with A-Series keyboards, you can now jump quickly to the results list by holding SHIFT and pushing right on the 4D Encoder.▪When Browsing with A-Series keyboards, you can fast scroll through the Browser results list by holding SHIFT and twisting the 4D Encoder.▪Mute and Solo Sounds and Groups from A-Series keyboards. Sounds are muted in TRACK mode while Groups are muted in IDEAS.。

历史纪实：艾滋病，生者哭泣，亡者哀嚎

历史纪实：艾滋病，生者哭泣，亡者哀嚎

历史纪实：艾滋病，生者哭泣，亡者哀嚎今年年初，新冠病毒席卷全球，时至今日，美国依然是疫情重灾区。

纵观历史，大规模病毒已经不是第一次在地球上肆虐，可每一次，我们似乎都措手不及。

回首凝望，让我们来分析一下艾滋病究竟是如何一步步成为让全人类头疼的疾病。

这篇文章将讲述1980年到1985年这段时间，艾滋病在美国传播的真实情况。

很多人在提到艾滋病的时候，都会将它和同性恋放到一起，这种根深蒂固的思想，至今仍没有随着时间的推移而消散。

但要知道同性恋群体实际上，是同艾滋病对抗的第一批人，他们用自己的生命和血肉、救赎与绝望来让世人知道艾滋病的存在。

希望，这篇文章，能够敲响警钟，不要再让悲剧重演，毕竟每一场偶然席卷全球的灾难背后，都有许多必然的原因。

01、恶魔挥手根据最早的记录显示，艾滋病的发源地并不是美国，而是非洲刚果的首都金沙萨市。

厄运降临在一个叫格蕾特·拉斯克的丹麦女医生身上，她来非洲医疗支援十二年之久，引入先进的医疗技术和理念。

尽管生活上困难重重，但格蕾特却享受着在非洲自由的时光。

直到1974年年初，格蕾特的身体突然被莫名的疲惫感缠绕着，然后是暴瘦，再紧接着是淋巴系统出现问题，身上所有的淋巴结都有肿大现象。

这样的情况持续了两年多的时间，格蕾特依然坚守在自己的职位上，仅靠药物来对抗这种陌生的疾病。

三年后，格蕾特的健康状况急转直下，药物失去了作用，她回到了家乡丹麦。

格蕾特笑着和朋友说：“我只是想死在家里。

”同年的12月12日，格蕾特在家中离世。

她是目前记录在册第一个死于艾滋病的西方人。

只是那时候，人们还不知道自己将要面对的是什么病毒。

据了解，格蕾特死后肺部有成千上万的肺囊虫，这是一种引起免疫系统虚弱的感染现象，现在我们知道，这是艾滋病毒感染后经常出现的一种情况。

可在当时，大多医生都认为肺囊虫是不会导致人死亡的。

如果说艾滋病毒的第一次亮相是悄无声息的，那它进入美国的那晚，则是狂欢而热烈的。

1976年7月4日是美国建国200周年的庆典，在纽约港举行了一场史无前例的盛会，港口聚集着全世界55个国家的人，大家在一起喝酒狂欢，庆祝美国的200岁生日。

getting started using zemax

getting started using zemax

Getting Started Using ZEMAX®Version 1.1.6Table of Contents1 2 ABOUT THIS GUIDE ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 INSTALLING ZEMAX ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3 INSTALLING THE KEY DRIVER ........................................................................................................................................ 4 INSTALLING ZEMAX ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 LICENSE CODES ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 NETWORK KEYS AND CLIENTS ...................................................................................................................................... 5 TROUBLESHOOTING ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 CUSTOMIZING YOUR ZEMAX INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................. 6THE ZEMAX USER INTERFACE ...................................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 THE LENS DATA EDITOR ............................................................................................................................................... 7 ANALYSIS W INDOWS ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 THE SYSTEM MENU .................................................................................................................................................... 10 THE NORMALIZED COORDINATE SYSTEM ..................................................................................................................... 12 DEFINING & POSITIONING SURFACES........................................................................................................................... 14 W ORKING IN THREE DIMENSIONS ................................................................................................................................ 16 MULTIPLE CONFIGURATIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 18 EXPORTING TO MECHANICAL CAD PACKAGES ............................................................................................................. 24 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................................. 254OPTIMIZATION ............................................................................................................................................................... 26 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 THE LENS SPECIFICATION ........................................................................................................................................... 26 ENTERING THE BASIC SYSTEM .................................................................................................................................... 26 SETTING VARIABLES ................................................................................................................................................... 31 DEFINING THE MERIT FUNCTION.................................................................................................................................. 32 OPTIMIZING THE LENS ................................................................................................................................................ 33 THE HAMMER OPTIMIZER ............................................................................................................................................ 36 ARE THERE ENOUGH FIELD POINTS?........................................................................................................................... 37 GLASS OPTIMIZATION ................................................................................................................................................. 39 TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL OPTIMIZATION......................................................................................................................... 41Page 1 of 725NON-SEQUENTIAL RAY TRACING (EE ONLY) ............................................................................................................ 43 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 A SIMPLE EXAMPLE .................................................................................................................................................... 43 OBJECT POSITIONING & DEFINITION ............................................................................................................................ 46 COMBINING SEQUENTIAL AND NON-SEQUENTIAL RAY-TRACING ................................................................................... 49 TRACING RAYS AND GETTING DATA ............................................................................................................................ 50 COMPLEX OBJECT CREATION ..................................................................................................................................... 54 OPTIMIZING NON-SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS ..................................................................................................................... 56 COLORIMETRY ........................................................................................................................................................... 596POLARIZATION, COATINGS & SCATTERING (EE ONLY) .......................................................................................... 61 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 POLARIZATION............................................................................................................................................................ 61 THIN-FILM COATINGS ................................................................................................................................................. 62 RAY SPLITTING........................................................................................................................................................... 66 RAY SCATTERING ....................................................................................................................................................... 66 IMPORTANCE SAMPLING ............................................................................................................................................. 68 BULK AND FLUORESCENT SCATTERING ....................................................................................................................... 697WHAT’S NEXT? .............................................................................................................................................................. 71 7.1 GETTING TECHNICAL SUPPORT ................................................................................................................................... 72ZEMAX is a registered trademark of Radiant ZEMAX, LLC.Page 2 of 721 About This GuideCongratulations on your purchase of ZEMAX! ZEMAX is the industry standard optical system design software, combining sequential lens design, analysis, optimization, tolerancing, physical optics, non-sequential optical system design, polarization, thin-film modeling and mechanical CAD Import/Export in a single, easy-to-use package. Although ZEMAX is easy to use, optical system design is a very broad area of engineering. This guide is intended to get you started using ZEMAX quickly. It is the first place to start if you are new to ZEMAX, or if you are returning to it after having not used ZEMAX for some time. You may learn something even if you have used ZEMAX for many years! We strongly recommend you take the time to work all the way through this booklet. It covers:• • • • • • • • • • • • Installing ZEMAX, and customizing its appearance and file locations to your preference. Entering a simple sequential design Understanding the normalized definitions ZEMAX uses. An overview of the multiple configurations capability. How to export components and rays to mechanical CAD packages. Optimizing a simple lens. Using some of the powerful tools ZEMAX makes available. Tilting and decentering optical components. Entering a simple non-sequential system, tracing rays, and using detectors. Colorimetry. Thin-Film Coatings. Surface, bulk and fluorescent scattering.As well as getting you started, this guide also points you to some of the other resources you can use to learn ZEMAX. In particular, the User's Manual is a detailed reference on all aspects of ZEMAX. It is supplied in PDF format and is found in ZEMAX by clicking on Help Manual. This guide refers to the various chapters and sections of the manual as it goes along, as well as to some of the many sample files distributed along with ZEMAX. Also, our web-based Knowledge Base at /kb is an indispensible resource for all ZEMAX users. It contains tutorials, worked examples and answers to many frequently-asked questions.Page 3 of 722 Installing ZEMAXTo use ZEMAX, there are two programs that must be installed on your computer. The latest versions of both can be downloaded from /updates. The two programs are:• The ZEMAX installer, which has a name like ZEMAX_YYYY_MM_DD.exe, where YYYY, MM and DD are the year, month and day of the release. Different releases of ZEMAX are identified by their release date instead of a version number. The same installer is used for both ZEMAX-SE and ZEMAX-EE, and it contains all program files, sample files and a detailed User's Manual in PDF format. The key driver installer. ZEMAX is not copy protected, and may be installed on as many machines as you wish. ZEMAX is supplied with a black USB device which allows ZEMAX to run on the machine it is plugged into, and determines whether the SE or EE feature sets are available. A multi-computer network key is also available.•You must install both programs under a user account with Administrator privileges. Only Standard User privileges are needed to use ZEMAX once installation is complete.Note: The key supplied with the ZEMAX software is worth the full purchase price of the software. If the key is lost or stolen, it will not be replaced without payment of the full purchase price. Insure the key as you would any other business or personal asset of comparable value.2.1 Installing The Key DriverThe key driver installation is straightforward. Double-click the key driver installer once you have downloaded it, and choose the ‘Complete’ installation of all program features. A dialog box will also ask for your permission to modify the firewall settings of your computer to allow remote users of your computer to run ZEMAX using Remote Desktop. If you want to authorize this, click "Yes", otherwise click "No". To change this setting, just re-run the key driver installer. Plug the key in once the key driver installation is complete, and Windows will detect the hardware key. The green LED at the end of the key will illuminate.2.2 Installing ZEMAXThe installation of ZEMAX itself is similarly straightforward. Double-click the ZEMAX installer once you have downloaded it, and step through the on-screen instructions. You may choose where on your hard drive ZEMAX is installed.2.3 License CodesWhen ZEMAX runs for the first time, it may prompt you to enter a license code. If it does, visit /updates and download the file lc.dat by right-mouse-clicking the link, choosing 'Save Target As:' and storing in your ZEMAX installation folder, overwriting the current version. If after that, you continue to see a dialog box like so:Page 4 of 72Take a screenshot of this dialog box (use Alt-Print_Screen) and paste it into an email to support@. We will promptly send you the license code or further instructions.Note: Please do not phone for a license code! License codes are complex multi-character strings and cannot be reliably given over the phone. Emailing the screenshot of the dialog box to us is the quickest, most error-free way of getting your license code.2.4 Network Keys And ClientsZEMAX can also be supplied with 5, 10, 25 and 50-user network keys. Installation is almost identical, except that the key driver and hardware key are installed on one computer (called the ‘keyserver’ machine) and ZEMAX is installed on as many other machines as you wish (the ‘client’ computers). When a client machine starts ZEMAX, it looks to the keyserver machine to see if a license is available, and if so, ZEMAX starts. Installation of the key driver on the keyserver machine is identical to the normal installation, except that you obviously MUST allow the firewall settings to be adjusted to allow network access to the key. Installation of ZEMAX on the client machines is also identical to the normal installation, except that you must tell ZEMAX where to look for the keyserver machine after installation. Navigate to whatever folder you installed ZEMAX in (by default this is /program files/ZEMAX) and locate a file called sntlconfig.xml.bak. Rename this file to sntlconfig.xml, and open it in Notepad. Edit the following line: <ContactServer> 10.0.0.1 </ContactServer> Replace the default entry 10.0.0.1 with the IP address of your keyserver machine and save the file.2.5 TroubleshootingZEMAX will run without problem in the vast majority of cases. If you do experience problems, then visit our Knowledge Base at /kb. Look at the Category ‘Installation and Troubleshooting’ for help. Make sure your key is plugged in!Page 5 of 722.6 Customizing Your ZEMAX InstallationWhen ZEMAX starts for the first time, it loads a number of default settings which you may prefer to customize to your preference. Start ZEMAX, and click on File Preferences. A multi-tab dialog box will open:This allows you to set all the ‘installation-specific’ settings.Note: Full details of all Preference settings are given in the User's Manual, chapter 4 “File Menu” or can be obtained by pressing the Help button in the dialog boxes.You should explore all these tabs, but the most important ones are: 2.6.1 The Address Tab This is shown above, and it allows you to enter information about your organization which is then printed on most graphics windows. 2.6.2 The Directories Tab This tab defines the folders that ZEMAX will use for the various file types it needs. They can be redirected wherever you wish by pressing the ? button for any path and navigating to the desired location. 2.6.3 The Editors Tab This tab allows you to adjust the appearance of the various Editors that ZEMAX uses. Adjusting the ‘Decimals’ setting affects how many decimal places ZEMAX displays in the Editor cells, but does not affect the accuracy of the data itself. All data is stored in ZEMAX as double-precision floating point numbers. Selecting "Compact" will vary the number of decimals displayed to minimize the space required to display numbers, so that trailing decimals are not displayed unless necessary. You can change the font, font size, and cell widths of all the editors.Page 6 of 723 The ZEMAX User InterfaceStart ZEMAX, and open the sample file “samples/sequential/objectives/Double Gauss 28 degrees field”. Even if you intend to use only the non-sequential mode of ZEMAX you should still follow this example, as the user interface is common to both sequential and non-sequential ray-tracing. The user interface consists of three main elements:1.The program ‘frame’ that consists of the menu strip and toolbar at the top, and a status bar at the bottom. An editor spreadsheet, in this case the Lens Data Editor. Almost all data is entered via editors, which allow the parameters that define the optical system to be easily seen, and linked together or optimized as required. Data that is rarely modified once set is entered elsewhere, as we will discuss later. For now, note that the Lens Data Editor shows a sequence of ‘Standard’ surfaces which have radius of curvature, thickness, glass type, Semi-diameter and conic constant. There are then a series of parameters, labeled 0 through 12, which are not used by this surface type, and finally a Thermal Coefficient of Expansion (TCE) column, and a coating column (for EE use only). Each surface in this lens has coating ‘AR’, which is a quarter-wave thick MgF2 coating. Analysis windows, which are the results of some calculation the program has performed. In this case, the 2-D Layout, RMS Wavefront error versus field plot, and Spot Diagram are shown.2.3.Before proceeding, click on Tools Miscellaneous Performance Test and click Run TestThis will give you a simple metric of how fast ZEMAX is on your computer. It also shows one of the best features of ZEMAX: its ability to use multiple CPUs in your computer, if available. Calculations are split up and spread over all available CPUs, and the results stitched back together again, without any user interaction.3.1 The Lens Data EditorIn sequential ray-tracing, light is traced from its source, called the ‘Object’ surface, to surface 1, then to surface 2, 3, etc. until it lands on the final ‘Image’ surface. For historical reasons this surface is always called the Image surface, even though the optical system may not form an image of the source. A laser beam expander or eyepiece for example may be afocal: this is covered later. Surfaces are inserted or deleted in the editor using the Insert or Delete keyboard keys, or via the ‘Edit’ menu which also allows individual cells or the entire spreadsheet to be copied to the clipboard. Column widths can be varied by placing the cursor in the top row, over the column separator. When the cursor turns to a ↔ symbol, click and hold the left mouse button to resize the column. Columns and rows can be hidden entirely (and unhidden) using the View menu.Page 7 of 72The ‘V’ next to some parameters means that this parameter is ‘variable’. ZEMAX is allowed to change the values in such cells in order to improve the performance. This will be discussed in more detail later.Surfaces also have a set of properties that are not directly visible in the editor. These are generally those properties that are set and then not changed. To see these properties, move the mouse over the Type cell of the chosen surface, and double click. Alternatively, click anywhere on the chosen row, and choose Edit Surface Type. A multi-tab dialog appears. From the Surface Type drop-down list you can select the type of the surface, which can be aspheric, diffraction grating, toroidal, etc.Note: See the User's Manual Chapter 11, “Surface Types” for full details of all the surface types that ZEMAX supportsSpend some time exploring each tab. The most commonly used tabs are the Type, Draw, Aperture and the Tilt/Decenter tabs. Press the Help button on each tab to read the on-line Help.Note: Chapter 5 of the User's Manual, “Editors menu”, gives full details of all the Editors and their properties.Page 8 of 723.2 Analysis WindowsAnalysis windows provide either graphical or text-based data computed from the lens as entered in the Editor. Analysis windows never change the lens data: they provide diagnostic information of the various aspects of the lens system’s performance. Analysis windows all operate with the same user interface:• • • Pressing the Update menu item, or double-clicking anywhere in the Analysis window with the left mouse button, will make the Analysis window recompute. Pressing the Text menu item will show the underlying data that is being presented graphically. The Window menu item gives you access to Copy, Export as Bitmap, Export as Text File, etc. options.A typical Analysis window is shown opposite. All Analysis windows share the same menu bar. You can zoom in on a section of interest by clicking the left mouse button, holding it down and dragging it over the region you wish to zoom in on.Note: Chapter 7 of the User's Manual, “Analysis Menu”, gives full details of all Analysis windows.Clicking the Settings menu item, or right-mouse-clicking anywhere in the Analysis window, will bring up the Settings dialog box:The layout of this box will depend on the Analysis feature used, of course. The Settings are used to control the calculation. Pressing OK will recompute the Analysis calculation. The Save, Load and Reset buttons allow default settings to be saved, recalled or reset to ‘factory’ defaults. If you save the settings of any window, those become the defaults for every file that does not have its own settings, so your preferences automatically flow through all your work. The Help button will bring up the on-line help for the window.Page 9 of 723.3 The System MenuIn addition to the surfaces of the optical system, we must also define the light that is incident on the optical system. This is done with the System menu:Or with these buttons on the button bar:3.3.1 The General Dialog Box The General dialog box contains settings that apply to the whole lens design. The most important tab is the Aperture tab, which defines how big the bundle of light coming into the lens on-axis is:In this case, we define the Entrance Pupil Diameter to be 33.33 ‘lens units’. Click on the ‘Units’ tab to see that millimeters are the defined lens units in this file. Other options arePage 10 of 72meters, centimeters, and inches. Once the lens units are defined, any length where the units are not explicitly given is in lens units. Entrance Pupil Diameter (EPD) defines the size of the on-axis bundle of light entering the lens system. In the double-Gauss sample file we are using, which is a traditional SLR-type camera lens, ZEMAX traces rays at this height through the lens and computes the size of the aperture stop surface (marked as STO in the Lens Data Editor), drawn in red opposite. The aperture stop surface is usually a ring diaphragm, so in reality the radial size of this surface defines the EPD, not the other way around. If you prefer this alternative definition, then choose the Aperture Type in the General dialog box to be ‘Float by Stop’, and then change the semi-diameter of the STO surface to say 8 mm. Double-click all the open Analysis windows to make them update to reflect this change, and notice the change in the lens apertures and performance. ZEMAX automatically computes the appropriate size of each surface so that all light passes through each surface. Another commonly used Aperture Type is ‘Object Space NA’ which is appropriate when the source is something like an optical fiber that radiates out in a defined numerical aperture. Use ‘Object Cone Angle’ if the source is defined by a source angle in degrees instead of NA. There are other definitions available for less common requirements, and several other tabs that define ‘system level’ settings for the file. Review these with the on-line Help, or see Chapter 6 of the User's Manual for full details. 3.3.2 The Field Dialog Box The term “Field” is short for field-of-view and it can be defined in three ways, one of which supports two options:• •The height of the object scene being imaged The height of the image being formed, which may be chosen to be either a real or paraxial image height The angle subtended by the object scene at the lens•Whichever you choose, it is defined by System Field, or by pressing the ‘Fie’ button:Page 11 of 723.3.3 The Wavelength Dialog Box The wavelengths dialog box, defined under System Wavelength or by pressing the ‘Wav’ button, is used to set wavelengths, weights, and the primary wavelength of the system.Wavelengths are always entered in microns. Wavelength weights can be used to define relative spectral intensity, or simply to define which wavelengths are most important in a design. The ‘primary’ wavelength is used as a default wavelength: for example, if asked to compute effective focal length, ZEMAX will compute it at the primary wavelength if no wavelength is specified.3.4 The Normalized Coordinate SystemBecause there are six ways to define system aperture, and four ways to define field of view, it is convenient to work in normalized coordinates. When performing the initial setup of your system you should choose the most appropriate aperture definition, and the most appropriate field definition, and enter the data for both of these. Subsequently, all calculations use normalized units, and you do not have to refer to the specific values entered or definitions used. 3.4.1 Normalized Field Coordinates Normalized field coordinates Hx and Hy are used throughout ZEMAX, its documentation, and in the wider optical design literature. The normalized field coordinate (0, 1), for example, is always at the top of the field of view in y, whether the field points are defined as angles or heights, and regardless of the magnitude of the field coordinates. Similarly the field coordinate (0,0) is always at the center of the field of view. For example, suppose 3 field points are defined in the (x, y) directions using object height in lens units of millimeters at (0, 0), (10, 0), and (0, 3). The field point with the maximum radial coordinate is the second field point, and the maximum radial field is therefore 10 mm. The normalized coordinate (Hx =0, Hy = 1) refers to the location on the object surface (as the field of view is defined in object height) of x= 0, y =10 mm. The normalized coordinate (Hx = 1, Hy = 0) refers to the object surface location (10, 0). You can then define any point within the field of view of the lens by its (Hx, Hy) coordinates, as long as Hx2 + Hy2 ≤ 1. This is referred to as radial field normalization, as the normalized field coordinates represent points on a unit circle. ZEMAX also supports rectangular field normalization, in which the normalized field coordinates represent points on a unit rectangle.Page 12 of 72Note: See the User's Manual, chapter 3 “Conventions and Definitions”, for full details of these conventions and all the basic definitions ZEMAX uses.3.4.2 Normalized Pupil Coordinates Similarly, normalized pupil coordinates are also used throughout ZEMAX, its documentation, and in the wider optical design literature. You define the system aperture using whatever definition is most useful, and thereafter we use the normalized pupil coordinates Px and Py to define any point within a unit circle. Therefore, the point (0,1) represents a point at the top of the bundle of rays entering the system, and (0, 0) is a point at the center of the ray bundle, no matter what the definition of system aperture is or what value it has. 3.4.3 Using the Normalized Coordinates Re-open the double Gauss 28 degree field sample file in order to undo any changes you may have made in the earlier sections. Open the Field dialog box and note that the field is defined as angle in degrees, and the maximum field point has a value of 14°. This is a half-angle, and so the full field of view is 28°.Note: ZEMAX is always clear on the definitions it uses, but these definitions are not universal in the optics industry. Always clarify with your customers what definitions they use for important system specifications to avoid costly errors!Then open the General dialog box, and under the aperture tab note that the system aperture is defined as Entrance Pupil Diameter, value 33.33. Go to the Units tab to see that the lens units are millimeters, so the EPD is 33.33 mm. Lastly, open the Wavelength dialog box and note that the design uses three wavelengths, at 0.4861, 0.5876 and 0.6563 microns respectively. The primary wavelength is set as wavelength number 2, which is 0.5876 microns. Now click on Analysis Calculations Ray Trace. This is the most fundamental calculation in ZEMAX: the tracing of a single ray. Right-mouse click on this window to bring up its Settings dialog box:Page 13 of 72。

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Dropbox、印象笔记哭了
苹果的iCloud功能更强大，价格却更便宜——200G的空间每月只需要3.99美元，相当于人民币24块钱。

要知道，印象笔记的高级账户一个月还要30元。

嗯，印象笔记，走好不送！
美图秀秀、Skitch哭了
除了增加一大批本地照片的编辑功能之外，用户还可以在Safari里对图片进行编辑，还可以对存储在iCloud的照片进行智能编辑，所进行的修改会跨平台同步。

这也是不给美图秀秀活路的征兆。

Cybia哭了
对于很多中国用户来说，他们越狱的第一理由其实很简单，就是安装个第三方的输入法而已。

这个动机为很多人反复折腾越狱提供了充分的理由。

好啦，现在苹果终于对第三方输入法打开了大门。

以后，不需要越狱，你就可以在iPhone上安装搜狗百度qq输入法了。

Cybia存在的理由，真的已经微不足道了。

Alfred、QuickSilver哭了
改进过后的Spotlight搜索工具，不再是个本地搜索工具了。

它还可以找新闻，找餐厅，找歌曲，电影，找所有你要找的东西。

嗯，这是把Alfred之类的搜索插件分分钟送上祭坛的节奏。

程序员哭了
苹果为已经有20年寿命的编程语言Objective-C找到了接班人。

他们推出了效率更高，功能更强大的编程语言Swift。

对于程序员来说，这是个好消息也是个坏消息。

好消息是，用这个软件开发项目会更加容易，坏消息是，许多打算一辈子靠着Objective-C吃饭的程序猿们要哭了。

当然，有痛苦的地方就有市场——估计不用几天就会有人东拼西凑一部《Swift从入门到精通》这样的教科书去卖钱吧？
微软哭了
这一次，OS X和iOS之间是真的彻底打通了，于是，用户可以在Mac和iPad上面打电话发短信分享文件共享数据。

可以预见的是，随着iOS 和 OS X 设备间结合越来越紧密，体验越来越流畅，以后有了iPhone 就想买Mac，有Mac 就想买iPhone，用户粘度越来越大。

微软一直梦想着要通
过Windows 8打通PC和移动电脑之间的沟壑。

这件到今天都没有成功的事情，被苹果做到了。

安卓哭了
本来谷歌是准备在今年发布安卓5.0版本的操作系统。

不过，面对这么出色的竞争对手，大概谷歌要
推迟5.0的发布以增加自身竞争实力吧。

但这很难，因为在安卓用户里，只有9%的使用的是最新的版本，而iOS的数据是89%。

可以想象的是，当安卓5.0上市之后，这一数字会降到更低。

毕竟，安卓的用户体验跟iOS相比，实在就是渣渣中的渣渣啊。

来源：Men帮 ID：newmenbang
人人都是产品经理（）中国最大最活跃的产品经理学习、交流、分享平台。

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