简明英语语法 第二单元 句子成分

第二单元句子成分（Members of Sentences)

英语句子由词或词组构成。每一个词或词组在句中具有各自的功能。我们把词或词组在句中的功能称为“句子成分”。共有六种成分：

（1）主语（2）谓语（3）宾语（4）表语（5）定语（6）状语

其含义简述如下：

1、主语（Subject）:

主语是句子中需要加以说明和描述的对象，如：

●The plane has just taken off. 飞机刚起飞。

主语

●Pride goes before a fall. 骄必败。

主语

●May I ask you a question? 我可以问个问题吗？

主语

主语一般有名词或代词来充当。

2、谓语（Predicate）:

谓语表示主语的动作，如：

●I played basketball yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我打了篮球。

谓语

●Everyone enjoy s the challenge of quizzes. 人人都喜欢猜谜语。

谓语

谓语一般由动词来充当。

3、宾语（object）:

宾语是表示动作的对象或承受者，如：

●Peter bought a new dictionary. 彼德买了一本新词典。

宾语

●I shall answer your question after class. 我课后再回答你的问题。

宾语

宾语通常由名词或代词来充当。

4、表语（Complement）

表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，如：

●He is a poet. 他是一位诗人。

表语

●The soup is delicious. 这汤味道真好。

表语

●My luggage is in the car. 我的行李在车里。

表语

表语一般有名词或形容词来充当。

5、定语(attributive)

定语用来修饰名词或代词，如：

●The family are fond of classical music. 这家人喜欢古典音乐。

定语

● A happy person makes a better parent. 性格开朗的人更能成为一名好的家长。

定语

定语主要由形容词来充当。

6、状语(adverbial)

状语用来说明事件发生的地点、时间、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、程度、比较和方式等。例如：

（1）动词：

●He speaks French fluently. 她法语说得很流利。

状语

●The match was put off because of rain. 比赛因天雨而推迟。

状语

（2）形容词：I’m very happy to see you all. 我很高兴见到大家。

状语

(3 ) 副词：The traffic is moving pretty slowly 交通很堵。

状语

（4）整个句子：Luckily, he wasn’t injured. 幸运得很，她没有受伤。

状语

状语主要由副词或短语来充当。

练习

2.1 指出下列句子中的划线部分做什么句子成分：

1.Experience is the best teacher.

2.I encourage you all work hard, help each other and build a better future.

3.Finally, I’d like to summarize the main points.

4.Was the bridge built last year?

5.Did you buy a gift for your father on Father’s Day ?

6. A company isn’t just a name and a building.

7.Probably, we’ll drop in on professor Jackson.

8.He called a moment ago.

9.The economy has made a dramatic turn around in Asia.

练习答案

2.1 指出下列句子中的划线部分做什么句子成分：

1. Experience is the best teacher. 主语

2.I encourage you all work hard, help each other and build a better future. 谓语

3.Finally, I’d like to summarize the main points. 定语

4.Was the bridge built last year? 谓语

5.Did you buy a gift for your father on Father’s Day ? 宾语

6. A company isn’t just a name and a building. 表语

7.Probably, we’ll drop in on professor Jackson. 状语（修饰整句）

8.He called a moment ago. 状语（表示时间）

9.The economy has made a dramatic turn around in Asia. 状语（表示地点）

教学建议：

Steps:

1.T tells Ss: “英语句子由词或词组构成。每一个词或词组在句中具有各自的功能。我们把词

或词组在句中的功能称为“句子成分”。共有六种成分：（1）主语（2）谓语

(3) 宾语（4）表语（5）定语（6）状语(1min)

2.Ask Ss to read information part of the handout to find the functions . (15 min)

3.T and Ss go through the information again, to make sure that Ss understand the functions of

members of sentences. (8 min)

4.Ask Ss to finish exercise 2.1. (5 min)

5.Ask Ss to check their answers in pairs. T goes round to monitor and gets feedback (3min)

6.T gives the answers orally for Ss to check and give explanation if necessary. (5min)

7.Ask Ss if they have any problems in understanding “ members of sentences”. (?min)

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