完型高三 说明文类解题技巧复习

高考完型填空说明文类解题技巧一、考情分析: 说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释和说明的一种文体。

天文地理、人情世故、客观事物、主观意识等宇宙间的一切都可以通过说明文加以阐述。

说明文的主要目的是帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，故其语言通常较为浅显、通俗，比较易于读者理解。

说明文的内容也很客观、真实，它的用词总是贴近事物的本来面目，没有华丽的辞藻和夸张的写作手法，一般也不加以描述和议论。

说明文的内容比较直白，脉络清晰，没有很多的感情因素掺入，所以就不会有过多情感词汇，在理解上自然不会有走不出去的迷宫。

说明文的层次清晰，整体性强。

所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题较多。

只有把握这些关键，做完形填空题时才能得心应手，游刃有余。

二、要点突破: 重要语法知识掌握牢、理解长句和难句的句子结构. 对于语法结构的考查主要集中在定语从句（连接词、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别、定语从句与其它主从复合句的区别）、状语从句。

非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词）、时态和语态、特殊句型（省略句、倒装句等）以及一些词类之间的搭配知识（如名词需要形容词、名词、冠词、非谓语动词、词组及定语从句修饰，动词需要副词修饰等语法项目上。

此类题除了要求考生具备系统准确的语法知识之外，还要求考生注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，这样才能提高答题的准确率。

这样层次的考点主要涉及句子间的关系代词、连词等。

英语中常见的长难句有如下几个特点：句子信息量大，结构复杂，或附加成分多（几种从句同时出现），分隔现象普遍（主谓分隔、同位语分隔、定语分隔等），有时还会出现省略现象二、1夹杂有过去分词短语、现在分词短语、动名词或定义从句,虚拟语气、宾语从句或定语从句,定语从句、时间状语从句或条件从句,让步状语从句、现在分词短语或过去分词短语过去分词短语、宾语从句，并且主语、谓语出现分隔现象【例】(2010年高考全国卷)…The nurse had him take a36(seat) in the waiting area,37(telling) him it would be at least 40 minutes 38 someone would be able to see him…A. ifB. beforeC. sinceD. after【点金】B.这是一个复杂的句子，其中主句部分为“The nurse had him take a 36(seat) in the waiting area”,包含了一个have sb do sth结构。

动名词短语含有it+be+时间段+before的固定结构，before引导时间状语从句，故选B.三、解题技巧 1. 了解说明文的种类。

例如，2006年高考安徽卷完形填空中对网上购物的说明就采用了和传统购物方式相对比的写作特点。

了解了这种写作特点后，解题的针对性就更强了。

2. 弄清楚说明的顺序。

把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。

例如，2004年高考辽宁卷完形填空就按照认知顺序介绍了水资源的现状、水资源的控制与开发。

3. 精读短文，分析文意。

应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定势”，根据全文大意词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空.（1）从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在联系【考例】Some industry managers think so. many people find shopping at a real store a great enjoyment. (2006安徽) 51. A. Then B. Yet C. However D.Therefore 解析：上句说有些人认为电视购物能取代商店购物，空格处所说明有些人还是喜欢商店购物，此处为转折关系，故B为正确答案。

（2）从词汇意义及用法，惯用方式和搭配的角度去考虑，准确判断。

【考例】42is known to us all, there is not enough water in all places for everyone to use as much as he likes. (2004辽宁). A. That B. It C. What D. As 解析：as is known to us all为惯用搭配，意为“众所周知”。

因此答案为D。

（3）从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑，挖掘文章的隐含意义。

【考例】In hot, sunny climates, wide-edged hats provide 56from the sun. （2004上海春招）56. A. shade B. shadow C. security D. cover解析：由常识可知，在炎热的夏天，人们戴帽子的目的是遮住强烈的阳光，所以帽子可以给人们提供阴凉，因此选择A项。

而B项shadow指“阴影、影子”，用在此处不合适。

而C项中的However虽然是转折关系，但该词前后都需要加标点符号2009高考英语强化训练We know the kiss as a form of expressing affection. But long it becameit, it was customary in many countries to use it as a(n) 42 of respect. Some native Africans43 the ground over which a chief has walked. Kissing the hand and foot has beena mark of respect from the 44 times.The early Romans kissed the mouth or eyes 45 a form of dignified(高贵的) greeting. One Roman emperor allowed his important nobles to kiss his lips, butthe 46 important ones had to kiss his hands, and the 47 important ones were _48__allowed to kiss his feet!Most likely the kiss as a form of affection can be traced back to primitive（上古的，原始的）times when a mother 49 fondle(爱抚) her child, just as amother 50 today. It only remained for society to 51 this as a custom for expressing affection between arms.We have evidence that this was already the 52 by the time of the sixth century, but we can only suppose it was 53 long before that. The first 54 where the kiss became accepted in courtship(求婚) was in France. From France the kiss spread rapidly all over Europe. Russia, which loved to 55 the customs of France, soon adopted it. A kiss from the Tsar(沙皇) became 56 of the highest forms of recognition from the Crown.In time, the kiss became a part of courtship. 57 marriage customs developed, the kiss became a part of the 58 ceremony. Today we regard it as an expression of love and tenderness. 59 there are still many places in the world where the kiss is 60 of formal ceremonies and is intended to show respect.41. A. after B. before C. until D. since42. A. custom B. tradition C. expression D. affection43. A. watch B. touch C. kiss D. greet44. A. earliest B. latest C. longest D. eldest45. A. of B. as C. for D. in46. A. not B. little C. less D. least47. A. last B. less C. most D. least48. A. too B. also C. only D. ever49. A. would B. could C. should D. will50. A. would B. has C. doing D. does51. A. express B. allow C. kiss D. accept52. A. case B. event C. history D. evidence53. A. expressed B. practised C. kissed D. discovered54. A. city B. tribe（部落） C. society D. country55. A. allow B. copy C. spread D. use56. A. one B. it C. this D. that57. A. Since B. Once C. While D. As58. A. meeting B. greeting C. marrying D. wedding59. A. And B. Thus C. But D. When60. A. bit B. part C. some D. any2010安徽Most people give little thought to the pens they write with , especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very 41 things are handwritten .All too often, people buy a pen based only on 42 and wonder why they are not satisfied 43 they begin to use it .However, buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not 44 if you keep the following in mind.First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 45 to use .The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic 46 comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a 47 hand and thicker fingers, you may 48 a fatter pen .The length of a pen can 49 influence comfort. A pen that is too 50 can easily feel top-heavy and unstable.Then, the writing point of the pen should 51 the ink to flow evenly(均匀的) while the pen remains in touch with the paper. 52 will make it possible for you to create a 53 line of writing .The point should also be sensitive enough to 54 ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the 55 may leave drops of ink, 56 you pick the pen up and put it down again.57 , the pen should make a thick , dark line. Fine-line pens may 58 bad handwriting, but fine, delicate lines do not command 59 next to printed text ,as , 60 , a signature on a printed letter .A broader line, on the other hand ,gives an impression of confidence and authority.41.A.many B. few C. pleasant D. important42.A.looks B. reason C. value D. advantages43.A.once B. if C. because D. though44.A.convenient B. practical C. strange D. difficult45.A.heavy B. easy C. hard D. safe46.A.taking B. finding C. determining D. seeking47.A.stronger B. weaker C. smaller D. larger48.A.prefer B. recommend C. prepare D. demand49.A.hardly B. also C. never D. still50. A. thick B. light C. long D. soft51. A. change B. allow C. reduce D .press52. A. They B. One C. This D. Some53. A. from B. rough C. black D. smooth54. A. prevent B. free C. protect D. remove55. A. way B. sight C. flow D. stream56. A. so B. as C. and D. yet57. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally58. A. show up B. differ from C. break down D. compensate for59. A. attention B. support C. respect D. admission60. A. at most B. for example C. in brief D. on purpose2011全国卷There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the 41 home from work in the evenings. A man will be 42 the newspaper, and seconds later it 43 as if he is trying to 44 it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger 45 next to him.46 place where unplanned short sleep 47 is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring（打鼾）so 48 that the professor has to ask another student to 49 the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing（尴尬）situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the 50 of the head pushes the arm off the 51 , and the movement carries the 52 of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no 53 of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when 54 . Police reports are full of 55 that occur when people fall into sleep and go 56 the road. If the drivers are 57 , they arenot seriously hurt. One woman’s car, 58 , went into the river. She woke up in four feet of 59 and thought it was raining. When people are really 60 ，nothing will stop them from falling asleep — no matter where they are.41. A. way B. track C. path D. road42. A. buying B. folding C. delivering D. reading43. A. acts B. shows C. appears D. sounds44. A. open B. eat C. find D. finish45. A. lying B. waiting C. talking D. sitting46. A. Next B. Every C. Another D. One47. A. goes on B. ends up C. lasts D. returns48. A. bravely B. happily C. loudly D. car elessly49. A. leave B. shake C. keep D. watch50. A. size B. shape C. weight D. strength51. A. cushion B. desk C. shoulder D. book52. A. action B. position C. rest D. side53. A. memory B. reason C. question D. purpose54. A. thinking B. working C. walking D. driving55. A. changes B. events C. ideas D. accidents56. A. up B. off C. along D. down57. A. lucky B. awake C. calm D. strong58. A. in time B. at first C. as usual D. for example59. A. dust B. water C. grass D. bush60. A. tired B. drunk C. lonely D. lazy2012江苏advancements in technology.41. A. updated B. received C. shared D. collected42. A. though B. until C. once D. before43. A. respected B. shaped C. ignored D. preserved44. A. edge B. stage C. end D. balance45. A. sensitive B. intelligent C. considerate D. reachable46. A. even if B. only if C. as if D. if only47. A. media B. computes C. databases D. monitors48. A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent49. A. finding B. using C. protecting D. changing50. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow51. A. connected B. trained C. recommended D. interested52. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burden D. disappointment53. A. slightly B. hardly C. merely D. really54. A. out B. down C. up D. in55. A. aspects B. weaknesses C. advantages D. exceptions56. A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed D. deserted57. A. trapped B. excitcd C. confused D. amused58. A. turn B. submit C. object D. reply59. A. vary B. arise C. spread D. exist60. A. beyond B. within C. despite D. without【2012】全国卷Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all !It speaks 41 than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more 42 than we realize. In fact, non-verbal（非语言）communication takes up about 50% of what we really 43 。