高中英语【语法归纳】宾语从句

宾语从句

1、定义

如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个宾语，那么这个句子就是宾语从句。

2、与简单句的区分

例：*I love teaching.---简单句

*I love what he is doing.---宾语从句

★宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。

例：*We can learn what we did not know.

*I don't agree with what you said at the meeting.

3、语序

宾语从句的语序一般都为陈述句语序。

A.一般情况下，即使是有疑问词，从句仍然是陈述句式。

例：This book will show you what the best CEOs know.

这本书会告诉你最棒的总经理知道什么。

Can you figure out what the poet really means in this poem.

你能理解诗人在这首诗里真正想表达的是什么吗？

B.但个别宾语从句本应用陈述语序，可由于习惯而保持原疑问语序不变。例：I don't know what is the matter with him.

I have no idea what was the matter with him.

我不知到他到底怎么了。

关于matter的从句都是疑问语序基本上说I don't know what is wrong也是

对的，可一般来说都是分成两句讲。

I don't know.Is anything wrong？/what's wrong with you.

C.特殊类型的宾语从句：当主句中的谓语动词表示认为、建议、猜测时，如think,say,guess,suppose,suggest,say,believe,feel,consider等，这时宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why,就不能按照正常语序安排,经常会将这类词放在句首。

例：What course do you say I should take up this semester?

Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year? 4、连接词（引导词）

1）陈述句做宾语（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导。在口语或非正式体中常省略。

例：I don’t know（that）Tom was late again.

2）一般疑问句做宾语，用if／whether引导，if或whether在宾语从句中不作成分。但if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。

例：I want to know if(whether)he lives there.

He asked me whether(if)I could help him.

★if/whether的区别

A.从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether；

B.及物动词discuss后的宾从，只用whether；

C.if与whether都可以与or not连用，但后面紧跟着or not时只能用whether；

D.介词后的宾从只用whether;

E.后接动词不定式时用whether.

3）特殊疑问句做宾语，用特殊疑问词连接（宾语从句缺什么成分就选择相应的特殊疑问词）。

A.疑问代词（连接代词）：what/whatever,who/whoever,whom/whomever, whose,which/whichever（做主、宾、表、定）

B.疑问副词（连接副词）：when,where,how,why（作状语）

例：I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.

★It作形式宾语的问题

若主句的谓语动词是及物动词make,find,see,hear等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作为形式宾语。---常考点

常用it作形式宾语的句型有：

①make/think/consider/find/feel+it+n./adj.+that从句

②see to/rely on/depend on/count on+it+that从句

③在like,dislike,enjoy,love,hate,appreciate等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语it。

④某些作表语的形容词，如sure,happy,glad,certain等之后也可带宾语从句。

例：We find it necessary that we should practise spoken English every day.

I am sure that he will succeed.

I am glad that you can come and help me.

5、宾语从句中的虚拟语气

在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等动词后的宾从中，其谓语部分用(should)do.一坚持insist；二命令order,command；三建议advise,suggest,propose;

四要求demand,desire,request,require

例：The doctor advised the patient(should)be sent to a better hospital immediately.