章振邦《新编英语语法》Lecture 8&9课件

8.2 Pronoun concord in gender
Gender is a grammatical category. Unlike some European language such as German, French and Russian that have a complicated gender system, the English language is not marked with any gender distinctions except for some pronouns. These gender distinctions are largely restricted to the third person singular of personal, possessive, and reflexive pronouns and corresponding determiners. English nouns have four genders: the masculine, feminine, neuter, and common gender.
6. The committee will insist on (its, their) rights. rights. 7. The committee wishes to reconsider (its, their) decision. decision. out. 8. If anybody calls, tell (him, them) I’m out. 9. Everyone thinks (he is, they are) the center of the universe. universe. 10. 10. We have received your estimate for the alterations you propose but have decided that (it, they) would high. be too high.
Ex. 8B Choose between HE (HIM,HIS,HIMSELF), SHE (HER, HERSELF, HERS) and IT(ITS, ITSELF) to fill in the blanks and supply two alternatives wherever possible: she / it 1. After ________ weighed anchor, the ship slipped out of the harbour. It 2. A tall figure was moving stealthily about the room. _____ was the burglar. 3. Getting out of the car, he said to the man in overalls: “Fill it/her _____ up, please.” her 4. Francine was so kind to me that I shall never forget ______. he/one 5. One must not lose _________ temper when _______ is his/one’s his/one’s being criticized for _________ conduct.
he (or she) 16. Mrs. Lewis passes everyone in her class whether ______ has good grades or not. 17. My baby has got __________ first tooth. his (or her) 18. At first the earth was large and shone in the heavens filling it / she a great part of them, but every moment ______ grew smaller and more distant. he (or she) 19. If a student needs advice about careers, _________ should consult the career officers. he (or she) 20. When a person casts a ballot, __________ has to consider he (or she) very carefully who ___________ should vote for.
Lecture 8&9
Pronouns
Pronouns are closed-class words with nominal function. English has a developed pronoun system, comprising personal pronouns(人称代词 possessive 人称代词), 人称代词 pronouns(物主代词 reflexive pronouns(反身代词 物主代词), 反身代词), 物主代词 反身代词 reciprocal pronouns( 相 互 代 词 ), demonstrative pronouns(指示代词 interrogative pronouns(疑问代 指示代词), 指示代词 疑问代 词 ), relative pronouns( 关 系 代 词 ), and indefinite pronouns(不定代词 The present lecture will deal 不定代词). 不定代词 with the concord of pronouns (and corresponding determiners) with their antecedents in number, gender and person.
Ex. 8A Select an appropriate item from the two given in brackets (both may be acceptable): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. tonight. The cast is giving (its, their) best performance tonight. rack; Somebody left (his, their) raincoat on this rack; (he, they) it. will have to come to get it. Most mystery stories don’t end the way you expect (it, to. them) to. Hawaii is also known for the many beautiful islands (it have). has, they have). Because the United States uses more oil than (it, they) can produce, (it has to, they have to) import great countries. quantities from other countries.
11. 11. Something strange happened, didn’t (it, they)? 12. luggage. 1源自文库. Every passenger has to carry (his, their) own luggage. 13. 13. Everything is ready, (isn’t it, aren’t they)? 14. 14. Wells is one of the editors who always (takes, take) community. a leading role in (his, their) community. 15. 15. One the Boy Scout hike everybody was told by the water. scoutmaster to bring (his, their) own drinking water.
6. Once upon a time there was a wolf in sheep’s clothing, hiding ______ among a flock of sheep. himself she 7. The moon glittered as _____ rolled through the deep vault of a cloudless sky. it / she 8. France has made it plain that ______ will reject the project. he (or 9. A politician may try to be completely honest, but _____ she) he (or she) always finds __________ has to compromise. it / she 10. As soon as the plane had hopped off, _____ picked up speed.
it / her 11. The workers put shoulders to the boat and had _____ launched. his (or her) 12. The average homeowner has to spend ________ free his (or her) moments struggling to keep ________ private castle from his (or her) decaying until it is offensive to ________ neighbours. it / him (or her) 13. When bathing a baby, always hold __________ securely. 14. That fox had got away four time this year, but we’ll get it / him it / he _______ before _______ is much older. It 15. Mexico is a country in North America. __ has an area of 760,373 square miles with a population of 81,140.920. (1990)
16. 16. Neither of the women (has, have) brought (her, their) certificate. certificate. 17. Neither the members of the cabinet nor the President 17. plans. will reveal (his, their) plans. 18. 18. Either John or James, who are twins, (has, have) left sweater. (his, their) sweater. 19. 19. No manager should do for his staff what (he, they) themselves). could do for (himself, themselves). 20. 20. Dictatorship is the one of many evils which (tends, tend) to perpetuate (itself, themselves). themselves).