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2012年上海市金山区高三一模语文试卷(附答案)

2012年上海市金山区高三一模语文试卷(附答案)

2012年金山区高三高考语文模拟试卷(一模)(2012年1月)(时间150分钟,分值150分)第一部分阅读(80分)一、阅读下文,完成1-7题(19分)①乔布斯在他的巅峰时刻....离去,让人叹惋生命之无常。

56岁在今天这个普遍寿命延长的年代,实在不能算是高寿,但这个人的生命却改变了我们周边许多人的兴趣和感受,他的执着和创造力更改变了人们对世界的许多看法和想象。

②人是需要有些运气的。

虽然乔布斯英年早逝,但他毕竟等到了自己的时刻,他和苹果已经达到了追求的最高点,到处都是的Ipad和Iphone无不证明着这个人的成功。

正如北大教授张颐武所说:“如果乔布斯在他被合作伙伴赶出去,面临困境的时候故去,那也就是让人惋惜的走错了路的创业者的失败故事的又一章而已。

他会被评说成为自己的顽固和执拗葬送的牺牲品;被看成是一个走偏了路,浪费了自己的聪明才智的坏孩子。

他的竞争对手们也仍然会一家独大,把他的创造力理解为一种非主流的、小众的偏执。

然而今天的乔布斯却是在无限的荣耀之中故去,他的顽固和执拗统统成了这种荣耀的不可或缺的点缀。

”③人们总是“后知后觉”的。

你承诺但做不出来的,人们不会相信;你真的成功了,人们会说你从来就是天才。

阿里巴巴的创始人马云,在他成功之前,所承受的“骗子”的骂名和非议,堪称业界所有人加起来的总和。

如果不是因为成功,无论他怎样的努力和诚意,都改变不了人们顽固的成见。

走向成功的路上不会有鲜花掌声,有的只是怀疑,你的信念因为打击而承受磨砺。

在八十年代中后期直到九十年代的那些岁月里,许多评论者都会说乔布斯无论如何是打不过微软系统的,但今天,过去的一切被视为缺陷的都会被看成伟大的一部分。

他的箴言被传颂,他的行动被模仿。

人们都在说,乔布斯的出生注定改变世界。

然而当年大家不会这样,虽然今天都会说早就明白。

创业路上,没有一个成功者能够外在于这样的人群与环境。

④乔布斯的去世当然让人遗憾和痛心,但他毕竟主宰了今天我们时代的一个重要方面,他可以说终于等到了他的时代的来临。

阅读专项强化练习2012北京一模D篇

阅读专项强化练习2012北京一模D篇

东城DWhen we found Tony, he was a sorry sight. His clothes were dirty. There was blood all over his arm. Before we reached him we saw him fall. He lay a moment. Then he pulled himself to his feet, walked a few yards with difficulty through the woods and fell again. When we lifted him off the ground, he tried to break away and run, like a wild animal.After we got him out, we went back to find the gun that he had thrown down. His footprints showed that for two days he had circled in the forest, within 200 yards of the road. His senses were so weak by fear that he did not hear the cars going by or see the lights at night. He was very tired. We found him just in time. This man, like others before him, was full of fear when he knew he was lost. Whatever sense of direction that a man may have, it’s still largely a question of watching out. An experienced woodsman always keeps an eye on the things around him. He notes the shape of a mountain, the direction that water flows through the mountain, and everything along with him when he travels—how a tree leans across it and how a rock stands. He sees the way and the general flows of water. With these in mind, he may be turned around many times, but his way is seldom lost.There are exceptions, of course, and once in a while a man does get into some strange difficulty that puts him into the “lost” column. A rainstorm may catch him without a compass to show him the direction. Darkness may find him in a very hard situation, where travel is dangerous without a light. When this happens, the normal first reaction is the fear of difficulty as a result of this poor woodsman ship. He may also worry about the trouble that he will cause his friends when he doesn’t show up. If he is short of experience, he may keep on the move in an effort to find the camp against all bad happenings. And the result is that he might walk in circles or in the wrong direction and in the end beat himself out physically and mentally—he will be found mad and crazy.57. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Tony went to look for a wild animal.B. Tony found his gun in the circle he walked.C. A man will be full of fear when he gets lost.D. A man won’t get lost if he has a sense of direction.58. The word “woodsmanship” refers to ______.A. ways of protecting the forestB. the art of travelling in the forestsC. the experience of finding a lost manD. skills of helping people in the woods59. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Don’t Be MadB. Fears in the ForestC. Easy to Get LostD. What to Do in the Forest西城DTime is not a fixed object. The idea of time in any given culture is largely a product created by beliefs, traditions, and values. In some cases, time is thought of as formless and is based on what is going on at the moment, rather than as a planned object. Others regard time as a machine; a real thing which is fixed, which can be divided into schedules(日程安排)and can be wasted.Similarly, cultures are also likely to think of the passing of time in different ways as well. A society can be moved towards a specific(特定化的) understanding of history. Many cultures, such as British, Native American, Greek, French, Japanese, and some other Asian cultures, take the past, cultural history, andcultures see the present moment as the most important. Tradition holds little importance, and planning for the future is not the most important thing, but rather the present time is more valued, and these kinds of lifestyles are relaxed. Other societies can be future-oriented(关注未来的), and place an additional focus on planning and forward movement, and the present activities are treated as a bridge to this future goal. This is the common agreement in the United States. How a person thins of time can be understood in the way they work together with others. Someone with a focus on the future will hold schedules and times to be very important, as they are necessary for moving on to the next step. However, someone who lives more in the present may consider a certain meeting time as not fixed. In Italy and in many Arab countries, it is normal for people to be 30 minutes late for a meeting. It is different in the United Sates or Britain, for example, where lateness is accepted only up to 5 or 10 minutes. The concept of time, and its flexibility(灵活多变), meaning, and even the nature of its existence(存在) is something which is deeply laid in the base of any culture. It is very important when entering into an agreement with someone, whether socially, or in a business setting, to realize that they may have a different idea about the importance of deadlines and schedules. No one can be right or wrong in their own way. But still people can be accidentally insulted(冒犯) as a result of misunderstanding. 56. From the first paragraph, we can know that . . 57. The past might be thought of as the most important because . 58. Which example best describes a present-oriented culture? 59. What is the best title for the passage? 海淀DThe “halo effect” is a classic finding in social psychology. It is the idea that general evaluations(评价) about a person.(e.g. she is likeable) influence judgments about their specific traits(品质) (e.g. she is intelligent). Hollywood stars give the perfect example. Because they are often attractive and likeable, we naturally consider they are also intelligent, friendly and so on. That is, sometimes, not true. In the 1970s, well-known social psychologist Richard Nesbett set out to prove the fact that we actually pay little attention to our thought processes in general, expecially to the halo effect.A. people think of time as a sign of cultureB. people have different opinions about timeC. time is about what’s going on at the momentD. time is either a planned object or machine A. it helps us to make present decisions B. it helps us to plan for the future C. traditions bring us much pride D. old countries have a long history A. Making a plan for tomorrow’s work. B. Plan a tour to the Forbidden City. C. Eating dumplings during Spring Festival. D. Never paying attentions to the weather report. A. The Tradition of Time B The Importance of Time C. The Concept of Time D The Management of TimeNisbett wanted to examine the way students made judgments about teachers. They had been divided into to two groups to watch two different videos of the same teacher, who happened to have a strong Indian accent. One group watched the teacher answer a series of questions in an extremely warm and friendly manner. The second group saw exactly the same person answer exactly the same questions in a cold and distant manner. In one the teacher appeared to like teaching and students, and in the other he come across as someone powerful who didn’t like teaching at all. After each group of students watched the videos they were asked to evaluate the teacher on physical appearance, mannerisms and even his accent (mannerisms were kept the same across both videos). The same as the halo effect infers, students who saw the “warm” one evaluated his more attractive, his mannerisms more likeable and even his accent as more pleasing. This was unsurprising as it backed up the ideas on the halo effect. At the same time, for those who had seen the other video, the result was just the wrong way around. The surprise is that students had no clue why they gave one teacher higher evaluations. Most said that how much they liked the teacher had not influenced their evaluation of his individual traits at all. The halo effect is fascinating and now well-known in the business world. For example, books that have “Harvard Classics” written on the front can ask twice the price of the exact same book without it. The same is true in the fashion industry. So the next time you consider buying a pair of designer jeans or decide whether you like someone, ask yourself whether the halo effect is operating. Are you really evaluating the traits of the person? This simple check could save you wasting your money or refusing a loyal friend. Or perhaps, even if you do check, you’ll still never know. 56. Why does the author mention Hollywood stars in the first paragraph? 57. Which one do you think is NOT an example f the halo effect? 58. What can we learn from the passage? 59. The passage is mainly about .A. To help us to evaluate others.B. To explain what the halo effect it.C. To show us the background of the story.D. To tell us Hollywood stars are not truly friendly. A. You make friends with the people who have good judgments. B. You prefer to buy the products advertised by a movie star. C. You pay more for a simple T-shirt with a famous designer’s name on it. D. You believe your teacher are intelligent because they appear likeable. A. People can do nothing to avoid the halo effect. B. People use the halo effect widely in the business world. C. People often wonder how the halo effect works before shopping. D. People sometimes don’t realize the halo effect when they make judgment. A. the cause of the halo effect. B. the development of the halo effect C. the evaluation of the halo effect D. the influence of the halo effect.石景山DSunday is more like Monday than it used to be. Places of business that used to keep daytime “business hours” are now open late into the night. And on the Internet, the hour of the day and the day of the week have become irrelevant. A half century ago in the United states, most people experienced strong and precise dividing lines between days of rest and days of work, school time and summer time. Today the dividing lines are still there, but they seem not clear.The law in almost all states used to require stores to close on Sunday; in most, it no longer does. It used to keep the schools open in all seasons except summer, in most, it still does. And whether the work week should strengthen its legal(法律的)limits, or whether it should become more changeable, is often debated (争论). How should we, as a society, organize our time? Should we go even further in relaxing the dividing lines of time until we live in a world in which every minute is much like every other?These are not easy questions even to ask. Part of the difficulty is that we seldom recognize the “law of time” even when we meet it face to face. We know as children that we have to go to school a certain number of hours, a certain number of days, a certain number of years – but unless we meet the truant officer(学监), we may well think that we should go to school because of social custom and parents’ requirement rather than to the law. As adults we know “extra pay for overtime working” very well, but less familiar with the fact that what constitutes(构成)“overtime” is a matter of legal thing. When we turn the clock forward to start daylight – saving time, have we ever thought to ourselves: “Here is the law in action”? As we shall see, there is a lot of law that has great influence on how organize and use time: compulsory education law, overtime law, and daylight-saving law – as well as law about Sunday closing, holidays, being late to work, time zones, and so on. Once we begin to look for it, we will have no trouble finding a law of time to examine and assess.56. What does the underlined word “irrelevant” probably mean?A. Impossible.B. Unacceptable.C. Unimportant.D. Disagreeable.57. The writer raises the questions in Paragraph 2 to introduce the fact that people _____.A. are unknowing of the law of timeB. fail to make full use of their timeC. welcome changeable working hoursD. enjoy working overtime for more pay58. We can learn from the passage that most children g o to school because they_____.A. have to follow the lawB. need to find social customsC. need to learn more knowledgeD. have to follow their parents’ requirement59. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Our life is governed by the law of time.B. How to use time is not worth debating.C. New ways of using time change our society.D. Our time table is decided by social customs.朝阳DNot long ago, I opened an interesting e-mail from Jennifer in Canada. We became friends. One day, she invited me and 11 other women to a “Movie Night” to be held every six weeks at her house. We’d talk, eat and watch feel-good movies. I e-mailed her back immediately: I was in. Research shows that gatherings such as Jennifer’s make sense. In a US study, researchers measured (测量) the happiness of 4739 people over 20 years. The study found that a person’s happiness depends on the happiness of people he connects with. Surprisingly, it also found that happiness spreads not only between direct friends, but also among friends of your friends’ friends! And those good feelings seem to have the greatest influence among friends of the same sex (性别).“People with more good friends are less likely to develop depression (情绪低落) and worry,” says Dr. Toupey Luft. “Though you can’t choose your family or workmates, you do have control over friendships.” With a little effort, you can add more positive (正面的) relationships to your social circle. Here’s how: “Nobody is all positive or all negative,” says Luft. “But there are people you may feel more positive. Use that as your way to check people and keep records.” When spending time with others, pay attention to your feeling. Are you feeling tired and unhappy?To help you keep records, Luft suggests taking a moment when you get home to write down what your feeling is when around them.While it’s great to gather with positive friends, it’s also good to stay with others in the same life situations. “But if you’re all just complaining (抱怨) and nothing is changing, it’s not healthy,” says Luft. Are your friends negative, or are you doing most of the complaining? Considering the answers to these questions can help you decide if you want to stand in front of them. Or you could let the relationship disappear slowly.Sometimes your hobbies can lead to true friendships. Check out newspapers and websites to find a group or class for something you enjoy. These friends can always be there for you and can care each other through difficulties, illness and death.Not into groups? Look for individual (个人的) communication instead. Luft says, “Set small goals, such as having coffee with one new person, and develop friendship according to a plan. If someone suggests going for lunch sometime, set a date.”“If you’re feeling disappointed (失望) with a friend, try talking about what you both need,” says Luft. For example, tell her what you want during hard times in your lives. While your friend may need to be left alone, you may want caring phone calls. With some friends you laugh and have fun together at the movies—and that can be enough. With others, you pay attention to your deep connection.56. What does your happiness depend on, according to the passage?A. How many friends you have.B. How people you connect with feel.C. What situation you are in now.D. What kind of friends you have.57. What does the first suggestion want us to do?A. To measure our happiness.B. To check people around.C. To join a group for hobbies.D. To leave negative friends.58. Which of the following is True?A. All the suggestions tell us to add positive relationship to our social circle.B. It’s necessary to complain about something but not right to do so for long.C. Joining a group can bring better friendship than making individual friends.D. We often have many friends during good times but few during hard times.59. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means that ______.A. when your friend leaves you, you need comfortB. when your friend is sad, you should call her upC. people may behave differently during hard timesD. friends’ needs may be quite different sometimes 丰台DThe webs that spiders build to catch insects seem weak. However, the strength of spider thread is greater than steel. Webs can even stand up to very strong storms.Now a team, headed by Markus Buehler, a scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has worked out why the spider web is so strong. It is not just the strength of the thread, but the clever design of the web. The key to a web’s success is its ability to keep its shape and strength even after some of the threads break, says Buehler. The scientists found the thread itself has the ability to become softer or firmer. So it can hold different types of heavy things and bear a localized damage (损坏). This localized damage can simply be repaired, rather than replaced, or even left alone if the web continues to work as before. Buehler’s research is mostly theoretical (理论上的), based on computer modeling of material properties (特性) and how they respond to stresses. But in order to test the findings, he and his team literally went into the field. They tested actual spider webs by poking and pulling at them. In all cases, damage was limited to the immediate area they disturbed.In tests, scientists also used three other strong materials made into the same webs. The spider thread was six times stronger than any other material. More surprisingly, when the scientists took away up to 10 percent of the threads from different places, the web didn’t become a ny weaker. Actually, it became up to 10 percent stronger.The spider web’s clever design gives scientists many new ideas. The findings might be used not just for physical objects such as safer buildings, but also in the design of networked systems. For example, a computer experiencing a virus attack could be designed to shut down at once, before its problems get worse. “It’s a really good chance,” said Buehler. “It may give us some new ideas for engineering.”56. Where does the strength of the web threads come from?A. Their high stickiness.B. Their high firmness.C. Their clever design.D. Their ability to change in quality.57. Which word is closest in meaning to the word “disturb” in the 3rd paragraph?A. Upsetting.B. Changing.C. Moving.D. Hitting.58. How many different experiments did Buehler’s team do to test their findings?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.59. What can be the best title for the passage? A. Spider Webs Are Stronger than Steel B. Spider Webs Hold Valuable SecretsC. How Spider Webs Get Their StrengthD. What Strong Spider Webs Mean to Us 门头沟D“Most experience of absent-mindedness, forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just went into a room, are caused by a simple lack(缺乏) of attention,” says Schacter, a scientist from New York University. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded(编码) it deeply.”Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impression(印象) on recalling(回想起) it later. Failure to encode properly can create troublesome situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved(参加)in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your cupboard. “Your memory itself isn’t failing you,’ says Schacter, “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”Lack of interest is another reason which can lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite (例举) sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, another scientist from New York University, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that. “ Visual cues(视觉提示)can help prevent absent-minderness,’ says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clearand available(有用的).” If you want to remember to take a medicine with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table——don’t leave it in the medicine box and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.Another common experience of absent-mindedness is: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. “The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.” 57. The writer of the passage thinks that encoding properly is very important because . 58. One possible reason why women have a little better memories than men is that . 59. The passage is mainly about . A. it helps us to get back to where we were B. it slows down the process of losing our memory C. it helps us understand our memory system better D. it makes us able to recall something from our memory A. they rely more on the environment B. They have a wider range of interests C. They have an unusual power of focusing their attention D. they are more interested in what is happening around them A. the memory system of persons密云D Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people - half of them pet owners –while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best . Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel morereleased (放松)around pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge 评判. A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and were put on a diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 fat people without pets were put on a diet program. On average people lost about 11 pounds ,or 5% of their body weight . Their dogs did even better ,losing an average of 12 pounds ,more than15%of their body weight . Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but ,say researchers ,got more exercise overall –mostly with theirdogs –and found it worth doing. 57.What does the passage mainly discuss? A .How pets help people calm downB .What pets bring to their ownersC .People’s opinions of keeping petsD .Pet’s value in medical research 58. Which of the following is True according to the passage? A. An animal can provide more comfort than a husband/wife.B. Karen Allen of the US had a blood pressure test in all pet owners in 2002.C. Those tested with their animal friends had no change in blood pressure.D. People with pets did it best probably because pets made them feel more released.59.The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that A .people with dogs did more exercise. B .dogs lost the same weight as people did. C .dogs liked exercise much more than people did. D .people without dogs found the program unhelpful.大兴DThe ocean can be a great place to swim and play, it may also be useful inanother way. Some scientists think that waves could help make electricity.B. a way of encoding and recallingC. the causes of absent-mindednessD.the impression of the environment on memory“Have you ever been on a surfboard or boat and felt yourself being lifted up by a wave?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group in Scotland. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves.” Scientists are working on using that energy to make electricity. The United States and a few other countries have started doing research on wave energy, and it is already being used in Scotland. Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean. “The winds start out by making little ripples (波纹) in the water, but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves,” Taylor said. “Waves are one of nature’s ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.”When waves come towards the coast, people can set up dams(大坝) to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine(涡轮). The turbine can then power an electrical generator(发电机). We will never run out of wave power. Besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as oil and coal do.Oceans cover three quarters of the earth’s surface. That would make wave power seem perfect for creating energy around the world. But there are some disadvantages that need us to pay more attention to. Jamie Taylor said that wave power still cost too much money. He said that its influence on animals in the sea is still unknown. Besides, wave power would get in the way of fishing and boat traffic. With more research, “Many of these problems might be solved,” Taylor said. “Finding more energy sources(资源) is very important, for traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may run out some day.” In the future, when you turn on a light button, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!56. We can learn from the passage that__________________.A. almost every country is making use of the wave power at presentB. it is necessary for us to develop wave power instead of oil and coalC. wave power will be sure to make some bad influence on sea animalsD. scientists are making efforts to find new ways of fishing and boat traffic57. What does the fourth paragraph tell us?A. Why scientists are doing the research on wave power.B. What experience that scientists have achieved so far.C. How the wave energy forms and grows bigger.D. Which countries are trying out wave power.58. What’s the writer’s attitude towards wave power?A. The writer believes that wave power will be used widely by man.B. The writer doubts if wave energy can be changed into electricity.C. The writer is sure the experiments will come to the end some day.D. The writer thinks that wave power isn’t worth researching at all.59. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Sea Animals and Wave Power.B. How Do We Get Wave Energy?C. The Advantages of Wave Power.D. Can Waves Make Electricity?燕山DWould you eat a ready meal from the fridge rather than cook by yourself? Have you been doing Internet shopping rather than going to the stores? What can't you be bothered to do?A study into how lazy British people are has found more than half of the adults are so lazy that they'd catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs. Just over 2000 people were quizzed by independent researchers at Nuffield Health, Britain's largest health center. The results were extremely surprising. About one in six people questioned said if their remote control was broken, they would continue watching the same channel rather than get up. More than one third of those questioned said they would not run to catch a bus. Worryingly, of the 654 respondents with children, 64% said they were often too tired to play with them.This led the report to conclude that it's no wonder that one in six children in the UK are classified as obese (very fat) before they start school. Dr Sarah Dauncey, medical director of Nuffield Health, said, “People need to get fitter, not just for their own sake, but for the sake of their families, friends and evidently their pets, too.” “If we don't start to take control of this problem, a whole generation will become too unfit to perform even the most fundamental tasks.”And Scotland's largest city, Glasgow, was shamed as the most idle city in the UK, with 75% questioned admitting they do not get enough exercise, followed closely by Birmingham and Southampton, both with 67%.The results bring serious challenges for the National Health Service, where obesity-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on a steady increase for the past 40 years and are costing billions of pounds every year.56. How many people questioned don't play with their children?A. About 330. B.About 420. C.About 654. D.About 1280.57. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. All the adults in the UK are very lazy.B. Half of the children are very fat before they go to school.C. Pets will be in trouble if their owners don’t keep healthy.D. All people in Glasgow feel ashamed because they don't get enough exercise.58. From the last paragraph, we can infer __________ if they keep lazy.A. people may have heart diseaseB. people can work at home all the timeC. people like shopping onlineD. people don’t like climbing the stairs59. What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The health service in the UK.B. A study of British people's lifestyles.C.A study of British people's laziness.D.The obesity problem in the UK.。

海淀2012年高考一模语文试卷 现代文阅读部分分析

海淀2012年高考一模语文试卷  现代文阅读部分分析

海淀2012年高考一模语文试卷现代文阅读部分分析海淀2012年高考一模语文试卷现代文阅读部分分析四、本大题共2小题,共8分。

阅读下面文章,完成14—15题。

人与自然的交流是一个永恒的话题。

人从自然中索取物质,维持生命,同时又从它身上感悟美感,培养审美能力。

大自然靠什么给人以美感呢?它蕴含有许多美的要素,如:对称、和谐、奇巧、虚实、变化、新鲜等等。

这些要素我们在人类的精神产品中,如小说、戏剧、绘画、音乐中都可以找到,而在大自然中早就存在,并且更为丰富。

这些东西再简化一点就是三样:形状、颜色、声音。

形、色、声这三样基本东西经对称、和谐、奇巧等等的变化组合,就出现无穷无尽的美。

美的要素在自然中最多,远远多于人为的创造,所以艺术强调师法自然,国画大师刘海粟就曾十上黄山“搜尽奇峰打草稿”。

客观的景物和人怎样沟通、交流、融合而共同创造一件艺术品呢?是通过人与自然的交流,通过艺术家的观察,再创造。

刘勰说,“目既往还,心亦吐纳”,是通过眼睛观察,内心思考,经过一番酝酿吐纳之后才加工出来的。

这些要素作用于人,激活人的美感有三个步骤。

一是以美形引人,二是以美情感人,三是以美理服人,由形及情及理。

我们看到鲜艳的花朵,奇伟的山峰、行云流水,这些美好之物就会被吸引。

不论是人还是山水,只要美,人就喜欢。

有学者研究动物也有趋美厌丑的本能。

不过与动物不同,人能将这种美感上升到感情,并形成一种定式,于是相应于景色的明暗便有心情的好坏,物象之异可转化为精神之别。

小石潭的凄清,荷塘月色的宁静,范仲淹所谓物悲物喜。

这就是意境。

人们还只满足于自然中的形向主观的情的转化,又进而求理。

因为哲理本身的逻辑美,在自然中也能找到相似的形象。

它们灵犀一点可相通。

如山之沉毅,海之激荡,云之多变等,人们从美的形、色、声中不但可以悟到美好的情感,达到美好的意境,还能悟出一种哲理的美,逻辑的美。

周敦颐见莲花就悟出“出淤泥而不染”的做人之理;朱熹:“半亩方塘一鉴开,天光云影共徘徊,问渠哪得清如许,为有源头活水来”,这是讲做学问的理。

2012哈三中四校联考一模语文试卷及答案

2012哈三中四校联考一模语文试卷及答案

东北四校2012届第一次高考模拟考试语文试题第I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1—3题。

“守德”如何不再难?最近,社会道德领域的一些现象给人“冰火两重天”之感。

吉林长春一家小馄饨馆的店主,收下乞讨老人捡的游戏币和圆铁片,照样送上热腾腾的馄饨,河南郑州卖馒头的老太7年“无人售馍”,顾客自觉“天下无贼”,使人感到暖流涌动。

而一些老人倒地之后无人救助的场景、佛山“小悦悦”事件的伤痛,又让人颇觉寒意袭来。

其实,在“冰火两重天”的表象背后,是更令人纠结的“道德两难”问题。

当道德面临现实风险,我们能否为道德埋单?如果见义勇为可能付出被诬陷的司法代价,老人倒下了扶还是不扶?如果救助伤者可能因救助不当被告上法庭,孩子被撞救还是不救?当经济快速攀升,社会急剧变迁,各种出人意料的道德事件像集束炸弹轰击传统道德理念,我们又该如何坚守道德底线,重构道德世界?这确实是横亘在我们面前的严峻挑战,只有找准这一现实问题的“题眼”,才能找到破解的钥匙。

一方面,馄饨店主、售馍老太同样面临道德风险,却用信任、爱心等朴素的情怀避免了“两难”处境,带来了良性的道德循环,这说明人们并不乏道德良知与勇气,个体的善行也能激发出令人敬佩的道德能量。

另一方面,一系列负面道德事件也在警醒我们,如果好人屡屡受到诬陷讹诈,如果法律在关键时刻不能站在善良这一边,如果社会心理一再被暗示行善的恶果,那么人们即使在情感上渴望扶危济困,在生活中也很可能选择独善其身。

“道德两难”由此向社会现实提出了迫切的课题:营造道德践行的社会环境,解除道德行为的后顾之忧。

让道德不再为难,降低行善所要付出的代价和成本,是破解“道德两难”的现实路径,也是描绘社会道德图景的基础工程。

正反的事例告诉我们,道德不仅是个人的良知与修养,更是社会共同的责任与担当。

这就需要执法者守护道德底线,别让常理推定淹没道德情理;需要媒体坚守社会道义,不再为吸引眼球去夸大渲染;需要公众守望社会公德,不再只是针对他人而抛开自己去做道德评判。

2012年上海中考英语一模试题汇编之阅读理解

2012年上海中考英语一模试题汇编之阅读理解

2012年上海中考英语一模试题汇编之阅读理解【静安区】When we are talking about afternoon tea, what would you think of? A cup of tea, a piece of cake and a good mood, what a good enjoyment! But do you know how comes the afternoon tea?We should thank for a lady, who had created the custom of afternoon tea in 1840. She was Anna. At that time, people of upper class usually had supper at around 8 o’clock in the evening. But Anna began to feel hungry at round 4 in the afternoon. This had left her a good long time of 4 hours. Therefore, she told the servant to bring a tray of bread, butter and cakes to her room during the afternoon. It became a habit of hers. Soon, she invited her friends to join her.After Anna started enjoying the afternoon tea, women of the rich did the same in their homes and it later became a fashionable social event, giving a chance for people to meet new friends and get news or new stories.The traditional afternoon tea usually contains a teapot of tea, several teacups and cakes. English tea is mainly India, which was originally transported by the East India Company.Today, afternoon tea has been simplified(精简的) because of the change of lifestyle. People use tea bags instead of tea leaves. Cakes are no longer as various as those long time ago. They usually are some pieces of biscuits or cakes.But if you want to experience a real English afternoon tea, I would advise you to go to Devonshire, where produces good cream and famous cream tea.74. A lady called Anna created the custom of afternoon tea_________.A) one evening B)After supper C) in the morning D) in 184075. _______ usually felt hungry at round 4 in the afternoon.A) Anna herself B)Anna’s friends C)Anna’s servant D)people of upper class76. During the late afternoon Anna’s servant doesn’t bring her _________.A) a tray of tea B) some bread C) some tea bags D) butter and cakes77). The afternoon tea gives a chance for people to meet friends and ________.A) sell teacups B) live together C) bring food in D) get news or stories78). English tea is mainly transported from __________.A) America B)Canada C) India D) France79. which of the following statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A) The change of lifestyle today has made afternoon tea simplified.B) People like to use tea leaves instead of tea bags nowadays.C) The afternoon tea offers more various cakes long time ago(than today).D) The writer thinks Devonshire is a good place to experience a real English afternoon tea.【闵行区】Jack Johnson is one of the most popular singer-song writers in the world.Jack was born on May 18,1975 in Hawaii, America. Being the son of a famous surfer(冲浪者), Jack naturally has an interest in surfing. Most of his life lessons were learned in the water. At the age of 17, Jack entered the finals(决赛) of the Pineline Masters--the world’s most famous surfing competition. Everyone thought Jack would become a professional surfer like his father. Unluckily, one month later, he had a deadly accident while surfing and was seriously hurt.Life is like a revolving door. When it closes, it also opens. Jack started to practice playing the guitar and write songs when he was staying in hospital. At first, his father thought Jack only did them for fun, but soon he was surprised at the great progress his son had made.When staying in the universi ty, Jack didn’t stop practicing his guitar skills. He played the guitar for school parties. He wrote songs and sang for his teachers and friends. They liked his songs. His first music album(唱片集) Brushfire Fairytales came out in 2001. It was a great success. His second album, On and On, was much like his first. They were filled with sweet, easy-going songs that everybody liked listening to. Later Jack had lots of concerts in and out of America. He became popular all over the world.Jack had five albums by 2010 and more than 15 million CDs of them were sold. His music doesn’t fall into any of the popular music styles like pop, R&B or hip-hop. It is more like folk music, played with a guitar and beautiful voice. When listening to his songs, you feel like lying on the beach enjoying the warm sunshineJack is a talent, though he himself says he is only a surfer who loves music. In his songs we can find his secret of success: Whatever happens in our lives, we have to accept it and do the best we can.74. Jack was born in a _____________family.A) popular singer’s B) famous surfer’s C) great writer’s D)successful reporter’s75. At the age of 17, Jack __________.A) had his first music album B) took part in a surfing competitionC) had his first concert D) became a popular professional surfer76. Jack started to write songs ___________.A) while he was staying in hospital B) when he had concerts out of AmericaD) after his second album came out D) when he studied in the university77. The underlined word ―them‖ in paragraph three refers to(指的是)__________.A) opening revolving doors B) passing the days in hospitalC) playing the guitar and writing songs D) surfing lessons78. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A) Jack had an interest in surfing and once did well in it like his father.B) A deadly accident stopped Jack from being a professional surfer.C) Jack had six albums by 2010 and became popular in America.D) There were sweet, easy-going songs in Jack’s second album.79. The best title for the passage is ___________.A) A famous Writer B) Surfing in the Sea C) A Guitar Player D) Surfing in the Music【普陀区】My name is Linda Green. I'm a member of a large company which has many sections. There are two men in important positions in my office — Mr. Thompson and Mr. White. Everyone enjoys working with Mr. Thompson, but no one likes Mr. White.Mr. Thompson is always kind and patient. When he wants something done, he'll ask. "Would you mind getting this information for me, please?'" Mr. White is just the_opposite. He usually shouts across the room, "Get me the papers, and hurry up."But Mr. White surprised us this morning. At first we thought he must be sick. He was kind and polite. "Miss Erickson," he asked, "if it isn't too much trouble for you, could you please make these telephone calls for me?" June Erickson was too surprised to say a word. Right after that, Mr. White said, "Miss Reed, would you be so kind as to open the window? It's quite warm in here." Then he turned to me, "I'd appreciate very much if you'd mail these letters for me."We couldn't imagine why he was behaving so strangely. Should We give him some medicine? Or should we send him to the hospital?The situation was soon cleared up. "Ladies," Mr. Thompson said, "I've been told that the president(总裁) of our company will be here soon. He's very interested in the welfare (福利) of his employees(雇员) and will have some questions to ask you about that."74.The writer works in a ________ .A) bank B) company C) factory D) shopping centre75.From the passage we learn that Mr. Thompson ________.A) is good at making money B) likes shouting across the office.C) is always late for work D) gets along well with others76.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 tells us that Mr. White is ________.A) rude B)Jazy C) careless D) sad77.This morning Mr. White asked June Erickson to________ .A) get some information B) mail some lettersC) make some phone calls D) open the window78.Mr. White surprised the other people in his office this morning because________.A) he looked very sick B) he shouted at othersC) he did a lot of work himself D) he became polite and kind79.According to the passage, which of the following is Not True?A) Mr. White and Mr. Thompson both work in the writer's office.B) Everyone in the office believes that Mr. White has changed.C) The president of the company will come to see them soon.D) The president will do a survey about the employees' welfare.【浦东新区】It's the end of class. When the bell rings, students of Luohu Foreign Languages School in Shenzhen quickly take out their cell phones. They want to log on to their micro blogs to check the interesting things that have happened in the last hour.Since last year, thetrend (潮流) of micro blogging has swept the country. Recent surveys shows that most students in middle schools have a micro blog and some even update their blogs over five times per day."We learn many fresh and interesting things on micro blogs and they have become popular topics in class," said Andy Liang, 14. "If you do not know about them, you are out of the loop."It is also a great place for students to let out stress. "My parents always ask me to study hard, and encourage me before exams, but it really adds pressure," said Simon Zhang, 15. "When I share these feelings on my micro blog, I get many replies from friends in the same situation, which makes me feel better."But parents are worried that micro blogging could be a waste of time. Some misleading messages may even cause danger to kids, they said.Mr. Shen, a professor at the China Education Association, suggests parents not worry too much as long as kids are not crazy about micro blogging. Maybe it can become a window for parents to understand their children."If parents can read their children's micro blogs, they'll know their thoughts, thus leading to better communication and solutions to problems," he said. He also gives some tips for kids.-Don't micro blog for more than one hour a day.-Never micro blog in class.-Try to talk face to face with people from time to time.-Be critical(批判性的). Don't trust all the messages on a micro blog.74. Students log on to their micro blogs to .A) check the things B) write articles C) listen to music D) call their parents75. The underlined part "out of the loop" in the passage probably means " ".A) not popular B) not excited C) unhealthy D) unlucky76. Andy Liang thinks students are out of the loop if they don't know .A) the latest fills B) the famous pop song singersC) the popular topics in class D) many flesh things on TV77. Micro blog made Simon when he shared his feelings and got replies on his micro biog.A) feel sad B) let out stress C) add pressure D) make friends78. We can know from Mr. Shen that micro blogging can .A) make kids crazy while logging on to it B) bring a lot of misleading messagesC) become a window to understand young kids D) lead to worse communication79. Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?A) It's good for kids to micro blog for more than one hour a day.B) Kids should trust all the messages on a micro blog because they are useful.C) The trend of micro blogging has swept the country since five years ago.D) Kids should try to talk face to face with people, not just micro blogging.【杨浦区】The Library CartMartin Murrilo's green and yellow library cart is well-known in the narrow streets of Bolivar, in Colombia (波利瓦尔省,哥伦比亚).Every day he pushes a heavy cart of books around the city. He invites people to borrow books for free. There are about 160 books in the cart, but he has got over 1000 books. Most of his books are donated by people who support his work.Two years ago, he used to earn a living by selling water in the street. As he was waiting for the customers, he sat there and read. One day a reporter saw him and offered him some books from his office. That is how the library cart started. People from all walks of life are welcome to pick up a book from his cart and read. He doesn't keep arecord of who borrows which book. He trusts (信任) people to return the books after reading them. Every Friday he introduces his cart at a culture event where he talks to the children about the importance of reading and of the books he likes most. He often reads passages of his favorite books there. He hopes more young people can find the magic of reading.With the cart, he wants to encourage the people to form good reading habits. People in Europe read an average of 4 books a month but in Colombia people read an average of 1.5 books a year. To the people in Colombia, books are expensive and few can afford to buy them. Besides, people do everything on computers nowadays and many have forgotten the joy of reading. ,Martin only went to the fifth grade because his family had no money: He often had only one meal a day. He remembered once saying to his mom, "I'm too hungry to study." "Whatever you learn, it is like saving for the future," said his mother.Martin is proud of his work. He thinks that the library cart can prepare children for a better future with knowledge and technology.74. Martin didn't have much education because______ .A) he didn't like to learn B) his family was too poorC) he was too hungry to learn D) he got tired of learning75. How many books on average do people in Europe read a year?A) 48 B)4 C) 1.5 D) 16076 If people want to read Martin's books, they______ .A) need to write down their names B) must keep a record of the booksC) just come and read them D) have to attend a culture event77. Where can this library cart probably be seen in Columbia?A) On the computer. B) In the school library.C) Inside the office building. D) In the city streets.78 Who are likely to be the audience (听众)at the culture event?A)Newspaper reporters. B)Business people C)School children. D)Bookstore owners79 Martin hopes that the library cart can__________ .A) offer books at lower prices B) make him better knownC) enable people to buy more books D) spread the joy of readinghs【闸北区】The greatest wonder of the natural worldWhen I arrived, it was early morning and it was raining. I got out of the car, went through a gate and walked along a path. In the east, the sky was becoming light, but beside the path, it was still very dark. I knew it was there, but there was nothing to see.After about a kilometer, a strange appeared in front of me. ―Am I going the right way?‖ I asked. He knew where I was going. ―Yes,‖ he replied. ―you’ll get there in five minutes.‖ Finally, I came to some rocks, and stopped.I looked carefully over them, but it was still too dark to see anything.Suddenly, the clouds cleared and the rain stopped. The sun rose behind me and beyond the rocks. I saw that the ground fell away and down to a river, far below me. I was on the edge of the Grand Canyon(大峡谷), one of the wonders of the natural world.I looked down to the Colorado River about 2 kilometers below me. If you put three tallest buildings in the world at the bottom of the canyon, they still won’t reach the top. Then I looked across to the other side of the canyon. How far is it? It’s 20 kilometers, maybe more. Finally, I looked to my left and to my right, and on both sides of the can yon disappeared into the distance…over 400 kilometers long. The Grand Canyon is not just big. It’s huge!That morning on the edge of the canyon. I asked myself a question. It’s not ― How deep is it?‖ or ― How wide is it?‖ or ―How long is it?‖ but ― Is the Grand Canyon the greatest wonder anywhere in the natural world?‖ I know the answer. But what do you think?74. The passage may come from _____.A) a guidebook B) a grammar book C) a dictionary D) a diary75. There was nothing to see because _____.A) there was nothing B) it was too dark C) it was raining D) it was in the morning76. The winter was facing to the _____ on the edge of the Grand Canyon.A) south B) north C) east D) west77. The writer asked himself a question about the Grand Canyon, ―_____’A) How deep is it? B) How wide is it? C) How long is it? D) Is it the greatest wonder?78. According to the passage, which sentence is not right?A) The Grand Canyon is taller than three tallest buildings in the worldB) The Grand Canyon is much longer than 400 kilometersC) The Colorado River was about 2 kilometers below the writer.D) The writer thinks the Colorado River is the greatest wonder of natural world79. The writer’s purpose in writing this passa ge is _____.A) to give facts about the Grand Canyo B) to tell how he feels about the Grand CanyonC) to describe the Grand Canyon D) to tell people to visit the Grand Canyon【长宁区】A businessman, who was very fond of music, was asked by a poor widow to give her some help. Her husband, who was a musician, had died, and left her very poor indeed.The businessman saw that the widow and her daughter, who was with her, were in great distress. He looked with pity into their pale faces, and was sure that their sad story was true.'How much do you want, my good woman?' said the businessman.'Five dollars will save us,' said the poor widow, with some hesitation, after she thought for a few seconds.The businessman sat down at his desk, took a piece of paper, wrote a few lines on it, and gave it to the widow with the words, 'Take it to the bank you see on the other side of the street.'The widow thanked the man, and then quickly walked to the bank with her daughter, without stopping to read the note. The banker at once counted out fifty dollars instead of five, and passed them to the widow.She was amazed when she saw so much money. 'Sir, there is a mistake here,' she said. 'You have given me fifty dollars, and I asked for only five.'The banker looked at the note once more, and said, 'The check calls for fifty dollars.'The banker then asked her to wait a few minutes, while he went to see the businessman who gave her the note.'Yes,' said the businessman, when he had heard the banker's story, 'I did make a mistake. I wrote fifty instead of five hundred. Give the poor widow five hundred dollars, for such honesty is poorly rewarded(奖赏) with even that sum.'74. From the story, we can guess that a widow is a woman who ______.A. has lost her husbandB. loves her husband very muchC. is very poorD. has a daughter but no sons75. ______ most probably has nothing to do with (和……无关) the word distress in the second paragraph.A poor family B. A pale face C. A sad story D. A music lover76. The businessman probably wrote the fifty-dollar check ______.A. in the widow's homeB. in his own officeC. in the banker's officeD. on the other side of the street77. On her way to the bank, the widow ______.A. thought she would get five dollarsB. stopped to read the noteC. knew she would get fifty dollarsD. felt very amazed78. The businessman's last sentence at the end of the story means ______.A. the banker should give the widow some money to reward her for her honestyB. he felt better if he gave the widow fifty dollars instead of five hundredC. the widow was poor, so she should get a sum of five hundred dollarsD. the widow was honest, so she should get more money as a reward79. From the story we know that the businessman was ______.A. rich and generousB. poor and honestC. warm-hearted but carelessD. polite but helpless【奉贤区】Sore throat, running nose, and dizzy (眩晕的) head. Oh, you’ve got the flu! Late autumn and early winter is flu season. The flu is annoying. It takes weeks to get over. It prevents us from concentrating (集中注意) in class and having fun on the playground. So can we do anything to prevent it?Can exercise help our body fight off a cold or flu? This is a good question, but not easy to answer. There isn’t any research addressing this question. There was one small study among college students. But it did not show any difference in the body’s response (反应) to flu vaccine (流感疫苗) between students who exercised and those who did not. Exercise at the start of a cold or flu is unlikely to change the course of the illness.On the other hand, a person who exercises often will be in better physical condition. They will be more energetic. They may sleep more soundly and therefore be better rested, and may feel happier and less stressed by a cold or flu. So regular exercise is likely to help a person fight off colds and the flu.Because the flu and colds are caused by viruses, frequent hand-washing, keeping your hands away from your face, and avoiding contact with infected (被感染的) people will all help to prevent infection. Smoking makes a person more easily infected by viruses, so avoiding smoke is another way to be protected.74. _______________is flu season.A) Early spring and late autumn B) Late autumn and early winterC) Early autumn and late winter D) Late winter and early spring75. If you have got the flu, you won’t _______________ .A) have a sore throat B) have a running noseC) have a dizzy head D) have fun on the playground76. Exercise at the start of a cold or flu _______________ change the course of the illness.A) can B) can’t C) must D) mustn’t77. A person who exercises often will _______________ .A) sleep less soundly B) be less energetic C) feel more stressed D) be better rested78. In order to prevent ourselves from getting the flu, it is not good to____________ .A) wash hands frequently B) keep hands away from your faceC) avoid contact with infected people D) smoke from time to time79.The flu ____________.A) takes a few hours to get over B) can be easily fought offC) has nothing to do with exercise D) is caused by virusesrmal style【虹口区】Santi’s big brother Len had told him never to push all the remote control (遥控器)buttons at the same time. He said that something terrible would happen if he did. Santi didn’t really control in his hand. For a while, he changed from channel to channel, looking for something interesting to watch. Bored, Santi decided to see what Len could have meant.With a quick glance over his shoulder to make sure Len hadn’t come back, he pushed all the buttons at once. Santi saw a bright flash, and he dropped the remote control. ―I’ve broken it,‖ he thought. ―Now I’m in trouble!‖ As he looked around for the remote control, he realized he was in more trouble than he’d thought. He was suddenly only the size of a mouse!―Oh, no!‖ Santi shouted. He had to find his parents quickly. Carefully, he climbed down the side of the huge sofa and hurried across the floor. In the kitchen, Santi could see that the sliding door had been left open. ―If the door is open, then the cat might be in here,‖ tiny Santi said.Just then, Santi and the cat saw each other. Santi ran for the door, the cat closing in quickly behind him. Just as the cat reached out to attach Santi, it slipped (打滑)on some water and slid across the kitchen floor. Out of breath, Santi hid behind a flowerpot in the corridor. He could see his mum far away in the garden. ―How will I ever get there?‖ he wondered. As he looked out from behind the flowerpot, there was t he huge cat looking right at him! Santi rushed for the garden and then.., he woke up. ―It was only a dream!‖ he said with a relieved smile. ―Thank goodness!‖74. Len told Santi something terrible would happen if he ___.A. pushed the buttons at the same timeB. tried to pretend to be a mouseC. changed from channel to channelD. stayed alone in the living room75. After Santi became smaller, the first thing he did was to ___.A. run away from the catB. to find his parentsC. hide himselfD. ask Len for help76. Santi thought the cat might be in the kitchen because ___.A. he heard a moving soundB. the cat liked the kitchenC. the sliding door was openD. he saw the cat came into it77. When the st ory took place, Santi’s mum was in the ___.A. corridorB. kitchenC. bedroomD. garden78. The word ―relieved‖ can be used to describe Santi’s feeling ___.A. when he was playing with the remote controlB. when his big brother warned him somethingC. when he was no longer worried about the catD. when he saw his mum far away from him79. The story probably tries to tell that ___.A. what happens if your break a ruleB. it’s dangerous to stay alone at homeC. people don’t w ant to get smallerD. sometimes pets are not friendly【嘉定区】Elena jogged with her dad in some empty lots(空地)at the edge of town. These out-of-the-way lots were good places to jog. But the lots were full of rocks and rubbish.One day, Elena saw a sign on the lots. It said, "New City Park." Elena was excited. Maybe the park would have a jogging trail(小道)!Elena told her parents about the sign.'I read about the park in the newspaper," said Elena's father. "The city wants volunteers to help clean the area. Then the city will build a soccer field and a playground.""Will they build a jogging trail?" Elena asked."No. the paper didn't mention a jogging trail.""Well, perhaps if I help clean up the lots, they'll put in a jogging trail, "said Elena.On Saturday Elena went to the lots. Many adults were working there. Some were picking rubbish. Some were moving rocks."I want to volunteer," Elena told a man. "What can I do? ","This is not a job for children," said the man. "You'd better go home. "Elena looked around. She could carry rubbish. She could move rocks. A lady was pulling a bag of rubbish. Elena saw a box of rubbish bags. She took an empty bag."I'll take this bag to the Dumpster." said Elena. "Here's a new bag.""Thanks, "said the lady. "Keep those new bags coming. "Elena dragged rubbish bags. She told everyone she was glad to help build the park. She explained that she hoped the park would have a jogging trail.Elena went to the area every week. Soon everyone knew her and she told everyone how wonderful a jogging trail would be.Soon the volunteers cleared the lots. The city could start building. The mayor(市长)gave a speech. He showed a drawing of the new park. He told them about the soccer field and the baseball diamond. There would be picnic tables. There would be a playground. The park would even have basketball courts. There was no sign of a jogging trail.The mayor thankedthevolunteers. Then he asked if they had any suggestions. The volunteers said they wanted to build a jogging trail around the park.They told the mayor how helpful Elena had been and how she wanted a jogging trail. The mayor said, "A jogging trail won't be hard to build. Let's do it!"Everyone clapped and cheered. Elena cheered loudest of all.74.Where did Elena jog with her father at the beginning of the story?A) In a park. B) On a jogging trail. C) In some empty lots. D) In center of the town.75.How did Elena feel when she saw the sign on the lots?A) Happy and proud. B) Excited and hopeful. C) Sad and shy. D) Unhappy and disappointed.76.How did Elena know the city needed volunteers to help clean the lots?A) Her father told her about it. B)She read it in the newspaper.C) She learned it from a sign. D) She was told by other volunteers.77.Why did Elena want to help clean the lots?A) She wanted to play on the playground.B) She wanted her name in the newspaper.C) She wanted to work with other volunteers.D)She wanted the city to build a jogging trail.78. What did the volunteers tell the mayor they wanted to build a jogging trail?A) They needed a park to jog around.B) They wanted to thank Elena for her help.C) They thought it was a good place for jogging.D) They hoped the mayor could jog with them every day.79. What can be the best title for the story?A) Elena and a Mayor B) Elena and New City ParkC) Elena and Some Volunteers D) Elena and a Jogging Trail【宝山区】Traditionally, the President is the highest-pad public employee. A salary of $ 400,000, along with otherb enefits, is paid to the President annually. But President Obama’s income for 2008 was far more than that, according to the White House.The White House recently published the tax returns (纳税申报单)of Obama and Vice –president Joe Biden. Tax returns are reports of tax that a person has to pay. They often include income information used to calculate the tax. In the US, people whose incomes are over a certain amount have to file tax returns(纳税申报)every year. The tax returns of government officials are open to the public. This transparency helps to prevent corruption(腐败)。

2012年高考语文一模试题及答案

2012年高考语文一模试题及答案

绝密★启用前2012学高考第一次模拟真题(新课标全国卷)语文第Ⅰ卷注意事项:第Ⅰ卷共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合要求。

一、(12分,每小题3分)1.下列词语中加点的字,读音全都正确的一组是()A.症.候(zhânɡ)确凿.(záo)一叶扁.舟(piān)水涨.船高(zhànɡ)B.下载.(zài)拓.片(tà)宁缺毋.滥(wù)创.巨痛深(chuānɡ)C.遂.愿(suì)口角.(juã)一针见血.(xiě)处.心积虑(chǔ)D.款识.(shí)铜臭.(xiù) 亲密无间.(jiàn)矫.枉过正(jiǎo)2.下列各句中,加点的熟语使用不正确的一项是()A.强调语文课程的“实用”或“教育”均无不当,但是,语文课程中“实用与教育”的畸轻畸重....时有发生也是客观事实。

B. 2010年11月12日,第16届广州亚运会开幕式在美丽的珠江小岛海心沙举行,流光溢彩....的开幕烟火和精彩纷呈的文艺表演,点燃了广州市民的激情。

C.就算安阳的高陵墓是真的,这也只能说明安阳可以在曹操忌日方面下功夫,拿曹操的诞辰说事,有点驴唇不对....马嘴..。

D.世界经济飞速发展,时代步伐快速迈进,国家间的联系越来越紧密,全球一体化浪潮来得生猛,中国也难独善..其身..。

3.下列各句中,没有语病的一句是()A.面对美韩军演剑拔弩张的局面,朝鲜除了在边境布防之外,还一反常态地高调“亮核”,这令各方颇感意外。

B.发生在富士康惊悚的连环跳,根据纷繁复杂的网络信息加以推想,大致可归因于超负荷工作、高淘汰率等原因。

C.很多有“超前意识”的家长从小对孩子就加大英语学习的投入,少儿英语学校和培训班门庭若市、财源滚滚,中文反遭冷落。

D.卓别林对世界电影史的贡献,一言以蔽之:马戏团小丑是行过,卓别林是完成。

青浦区2012届一模语文试卷及参考答案

青浦区2012届一模语文试卷及参考答案

青浦区2011学年第一学期高三年级期终学习质量调研测试语文试卷Q.2012.1(考试时间:150分钟满分:150分)(注:答案请写在答题纸上,否则不予评分)一、阅读(80分)(一)阅读下文,完成1-6题。

(18分)有数,就有美(有删改)翟墨(一)⑴“天生之物,无一无偶,无一齐者。

”(刘大槐《论文偶记》)世界上一切事物都是矛盾的统一体,这统一物的矛盾,常常体现为“二”、“四”、“六”、“八”之偶。

⑵这“偶”,有时表现为中轴线两边的均衡对称。

如合欢树的叶,蝴蝶的翅,人的耳目手足。

鼻口虽为一,但仍然有左右鼻孔与上下唇齿之分。

这“偶”,有时象征着相反相成的衬托或对比:有无相生,难易相成,长短相较,高下相倾,音声相会,前后相随。

”《老子》)⑶“无独有偶”的观念几乎贯穿在各种艺术创造之中。

北京紫禁城的建筑是以天安门--地安门为中轴左右对称的;中国古典小说章法中有正对,反对,有一卷中自为对,隔数十卷遥为对。

中国的对联、诗词更讲究对仗,如有这么一副对联:“冻雨洒窗,东两点西三点;切瓜分客,上七刀下八刀。

”既对仗工整而又拆字为数,其构思之妙令人叹为观止!⑷这“偶”只是相对的,并非绝对平均的“一刀切”。

薛雪《一瓢诗话》曰:“诗家最忌雷同,而大本领人偏多于雷同处见长。

......惟其篇篇对峙,段段双峰,却又不异而异,同而不同,才是大本领,真超脱。

”⑸这“偶”推演到极致,便是中国宇宙观、美学观的高度概括:太极图与八卦。

⑹《易·系辞》上:“易有太极,是生两仪。

两仪生四象,四象生八卦。

”太极图的阴阳“鱼”,八卦的阴阳“爻”,都是以“阴阳”这一基本范畴派生出种种对立因素的复杂交织与运动变化,成为中国艺术美学原理的认识基础。

⑺在“偶”中,有一个不对称的偏正平衡。

它构成一个最美的比率,那就是黄金比—1:0.618。

实验证明,这个比率正同人在最愉快时的“信塔”胸电波高频与低频的比率相吻合。

更有趣的是,葵花籽的巧妙排列,牵牛花藤的缠绕生长,自然界中许多美的生长曲线,都酷似数学上的对数螺旋线。

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文模拟试题(全国卷)(十二)

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文模拟试题(全国卷)(十二)

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文模拟试题(全国卷)(十二)试时间:150分钟试卷满分:150分注意事项: 1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)和第Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分。

答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.作答时,将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成l~3题。

名士与名流击社会中,慢慢忘却了人之本性与其特长,成为公众世俗文化的代表。

这种人一旦得到权势,便想领导潮流,左右社会经济或文化局势。

但大多数的下场是“大江东去,浪淘尽”,只有学问和历史功绩都较大,或历史罪过很大的“名流”被定格了下来,成了名流的历史代表,如孔子、曹操等。

B.名流往往不甘寂寞,耐不住孤独,在自然与社会中,他们更喜欢社会和人群。

C.名士尽量远离社会的各种热闹场所,深居简出,回归自然,以求成为名士的历史代表。

D.名流常常抛头露面,以博取更大的利益和名声,在进击社会的过程中往往变得世俗。

3.根据原文内容,下列理解和分析不正确的一项是()(3分)A.创造集名流与名士于一身的完美典范需要名流坚贞自守、不媚世俗,既有遁世无我之心,又有入世救世之志。

B.社会大融合的不断深入和城市化进程的快速发展,导致人的素质普遍下降,因此名士越来越少,名流越来越多。

C.时代和时尚的变化会使许多名流被新的名流取代,而洁身自好有“士”的独立人格的名流却不会因此湮没无闻。

D.名流在不能节制的自我表现中往往丧失了知识人的内在品性,沦为一种空洞的文化符号,因而其言行常常令名士不齿。

二、古代诗文阅读(36分)(一)文言文阅读(19分)阅读下面一段文言文,完成4——7题。

云年七十余,终于家。

病不呼医饮药。

遗言以身服敛,棺周于身,土周于椁,为丈五坟,葬平陵东郭外。

(选自《汉书•朱云传》)[注] ①少府五鹿充宗:少府,官名;五鹿,复姓。

2012考研英语一阅读

2012考研英语一阅读

2012考研英语一阅读2012年考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案:Passage OneTitle: The Dilemma of the Compassionate SamaritanOne of the questions we might ask ourselves is: Why did the lawyer pass by the man in need of help? He could have stopped to render assistance, thus fulfilling the primary responsibility of human beings towards one another - to show compassion and offer help in times of need. But the lawyer's behavior is hardly anomalous. We all have learned to be "selectively compassionate". In our heart of hearts, we know full well that there are countless individuals who are in urgent need of our help. The reality, however, is that there are also constraints on our ability and willingness to come to their rescue: the demands of our own lives, the limitations of our resources, and the constraints imposed by society.The lawyer's indifference towards the man who lay bleeding on the side of the road is understandable, given these constraints. He was on his way to a meeting, late already, and had probably assumed that someone else would stop to assist. Besides, had he stopped, there was no guarantee that the victim would be saved. Thousands of people across the country stop every day to help those in need, and yet there are just as many cases where their efforts are unsuccessful. The lawyer may have concluded that his personal inconvenience was not worth the potential risk.However, this does not justify his behavior. The lawyer's primary responsibility was to the victim, not to himself. Helping those in need is not merely a responsibility dictated by human compassion and morality; it is also a legal obligation. The law requires individuals to render assistance when it is within their power to do so without putting their own lives in jeopardy. Therefore, even if stopping to help would have caused the lawyer some personal inconvenience, he should have done so anyway.The lesson we should learn from the story of the bleeding man on the side of the road is that we should not succumb to our own self-interests when faced with similar situations. We should approach them with open hearts and minds, ready to offer help even if it might cause us some temporary discomfort. After all, it is only through our actions that we can hope to inspire others to do the same.1. The author uses the story of the bleeding man on the side of the road to illustrate ____.A. the lawyer's responsibility to render assistanceB. people's reluctance to offer helpC. society's influence on individuals' behaviorD. individuals' obligation to show compassion2. According to the author, which of the following is a constraint on people's willingness to offer help?A. The demand for personal privacyB. The fear of being verbally abusedC. The desire not to get involvedD. The worry about personal safety3. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.A. stopping to help others may put one's own life in jeopardyB. offering assistance is a legal obligationC. human beings have no primary responsibility towards one anotherD. people should always offer help even if it causes them discomfort4. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A. The lawyer's behavior was anomalous.B. Helping those in need is everyone's responsibility.C. People should not succumb to their own self-interests.D. The constraints on our ability and willingness to help others vary.5. What would be the best title for this passage?A. The Dilemma of Compassionate SamaritansB. The Lawyer's IndifferenceC. The Necessity of Assisting OthersD. The Constraints on Helping Behaviour。

卢湾区2012届一模语文试卷及参考答案

卢湾区2012届一模语文试卷及参考答案

卢湾区2012届一模语文试卷及参考答案卢湾2011学年第一学期高三年级期末考试语文试卷考生注意:1.答卷前,考生务必在答题纸上将自己的姓名等填写清楚。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,所有试题的答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上,写在试卷上一律不给分;答题时应注意试题题号和答题纸题号一一对应,不能错位。

3.考试时间150分钟,试卷满分150分。

一阅读80分(一)阅读下文,完成第1—6题。

(18分)机器的神话南帆①现在,机器已经如此密集地介入了生活,甚至参与每一天的开始与结束。

人类与自然的搏斗,这个阶段占据了大部分的历史时光;人与人的社会关系压倒了人与自然的关系之后,一个重要的转折开始了。

现在,如此之多的机器嵌入了我们的生活——又一个历史的拐点来了吗?②我们进入了一个机器装配的世界。

我们的行程是由汽车和飞机设计的,我们的休闲是由电视频道和节目表设计的,我们的午餐欲望由钟表批准,我们脸上的表情竭力取悦照相机。

机器为我们提供了种种知识。

可以上互联网查询一个典故,一个机构的地址,一个学科的前沿问题;甚至可以在身体不适的时候查找各种病症的解释。

钱锺书由于博闻强记而成为神话google之曲软件被装入计算机之后,那些艺术家还有多少事情可以干?现在,机器是我们的教师,保姆,工程师,工作同事,娱乐伙伴,机器设置我们的居住环境,出行步骤,聚会空间以及艺术享受的形式。

换句话说,机器如同我们新的上帝。

③人与机器长期磨合之中,我们总是认为自己占据了上风。

充当主人的幻觉隐瞒了一个意味深长的事实,机器正在将我们调教成它的附属零件。

我们说得出各个频道节目主持人的近期绯闻以及何时曾经整容,但是,我们对于一墙之隔的邻居一无所知。

寄宿学校的孩子周末回家,扔下了书包直扑计算机。

他认为三天不上网就会成为傻瓜,而拨出半小时陪伴父母聊天简直是活受罪。

④我们不清楚是否已经越过临界点。

人类的许多传统坐标正在失效,例如“真实”。

那一幢房子是真的吗?水里游动的热带鱼、一个人脸上惊恐的表情是真的吗?炮火、高高溅起的水柱与燃烧的炮舰真的是一场海战吗?通常,我们对于这一类问题的判断不会发生错误。

2012年中考语文一模试题(阅读分析题)

2012年中考语文一模试题(阅读分析题)

2012年中考语文一模试题(阅读分析题)海淀一模语文试卷“记叙文”阅读分析刚看了试卷,大致的看了下记叙文阅读。

发现并没有大家说的那么难,这些题在课堂中都给学生讲过先给大家做个简短的分析,整体的试卷分析稍后给出。

第一题(试卷中第14题):概括出“他”对母亲强烈而执着思念之情表现之处。

其实这类题学生在日常的练习中经常做,就是概括文章内容,只是问法换了而已。

概括题分为:1)概括文章内容2)概括段意。

3)概括文章行文思路。

4)概括文章作者/主人公情感变化。

5)梳理故事情节。

以前在考这类题时会给一个答案,例如:A →B →C ,把其中的A,或者B给学生,然后让学生自己根据答案去把其他的补充完整,08、09年中考均是这样的。

但今年一模只是把答题格式给改了,让学生自己去概括。

没有了固定格式,学生答起来会更容易。

这个题大部分学生都应该拿满分。

第二题(试卷中第15题):请简要概括“可怜可悯”的具体内容。

这类题学生在日常的练习时也都有做,其实就是去找“对应内容。

”所谓的“对应内容”就是结合上下文,找出这个词所说的内容是什么。

对应内容分为:5种。

1)关键句、关键词的对应内容2)修饰手法的对应内容3)词语是在叙述何事,就是事情的对应内容。

这里给大家暂时举出三种对中内容。

答这类题时需注意的是,既然有对应内容,也要把包含的情感或者对象的特征给答出。

所以这个题的答案应是“对应内容+内容所包含的情感或者对象的特征。

第三题(试卷中第16题):问“亮”换成“大”好不好?这类题学生更是经常有训练。

其实考的就是赏析词语的妙处。

那么赏析题在考试中分为三种:1)赏析修饰手法。

2)赏析词语3)贬词褒用/褒词贬用答这类题时首先找出这个词的对应内容是什么,包含的什么情感,然后再结合整个句子看有无修饰手法。

这些答出之后。

这个题的答案也就出来了。

第四题(试卷中第17题):第一问“找出与上文哪些内容形成对比,”第二问“说说女儿成年后对父亲的态度发生了怎样的变化”这类题考的是对应内容和文章主旨的理解。

中考英语一轮复习阅读理解第7集【任务型阅读理解专辑】

中考英语一轮复习阅读理解第7集【任务型阅读理解专辑】

中考英语⼀轮复习阅读理解第7集【任务型阅读理解专辑】2013中考英语⼀轮复习阅读理解第7集【任务型阅读理解专辑】主要选⾃2012年的模拟题、中考真题,很少选⾃2011年的模拟题、中考真题.。

是专题练习的好材料,也是出题、选题的好材料。

基本上标明了年代和出处,⽅便会员选⽤。

****************************************************01--【2012南京⿎楼区⼀模】World Sleep Day, on 21st March, was created to bring attention to the growing number of sleep problems. Sleep is a natural part of human life, but many people in the modern world don’t realize it’s very important. As a result, sleep problems are quite common.In 2011, scientists at the University of Athens in Greece did a survey(调查) of over 35,000 people in 10 countries around the world, including China, Belgium and South Africa. Among the people, 24 percent said that they did not sleep well, 31.6 percent were diagnosed(诊断) with insomnia(失眠). In addition, 30.7 percent of them have visited doctors for help with sleep problems and 11.6 percent said that they felt very sleepy during the day.The survey found that many people suffer the effects of poor quality sleep, some examples can’t fall asleep and often wake up in the middle of the night. The main reasons of the problems are pressure(压⼒) from school or work and a fast pace(节奏) of life, but noise pollution and light pollution also affect sleep and cause poor quality sleep. The survey also found that large numbers of people find it hard to sleep at night. The short term effects of this are tiredness and trouble concentrating(专⼼). If this happens for a long time, the risk of gaining weight and having a heart attack may increase.There are many things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep. First, you should have regular sleep habits. Try to go to bed and wake up around the same timeeach day. You also need to make your bedroom a cool, dark, quiet place to sleep so that heat, light and noise do not disturb you. At night, you should also avoid things that contain caffeine, such as chocolate, coffee, tea and many soft drinks, as caffeine may keep you fromsleeping.Getting a good night's sleep is important for everyone. By following the advice above, you can rest better at night and work better during the day.Have a good sleepWorld Sleep Day World Sleep Day was created to make people understand the62 of sleep.A survey by scientists Of 35 000 people in 10 countries in the world, there were 24 percent of the people 63 they didn’t sleep well. 31.6 percent were diagnosed with insomnia.30.7 percent have 64 to a doctor for sleep problems.11.6 percent of the people feel sleepy during the day .65 of sleep problems People feel the pressure from school or work .A fast pace of life 66 to sleep problems as well. Noise and light pollution also 67 sleep and cause poor quality sleep. Results of sleep problems Some people aren’t 68 to fall asleep and often wake up at night.Feeling 69 , people find it hard to concentrate.It’s highly possible that sleepless people easily gain weight and have a heart attack.70 to improve sleep quality Have regular sleep habits.Make your bedroom cool, dark and quietDon’t drink anything 71 caffeine at bedtime.参考答案A) 62.importance 63.saying 64.gone/turned 65.Causes/Reasons66. leads 67. affect 68. able 69.tired70.Ways/Methods/ Measures/Steps/How 71.with************************************************************结束02--【2012绵阳市联考】六、任务型阅读(本题有5⼩题,每⼩题1分,共5分)阅读下⾯五则⼴告,以下五⼈分别会对哪则⼴告感兴趣呢?请从A⾄F六个选项中帮他们选出感兴趣的⼴告序号,完成71-75⼩题。

2012年上海静安初中一模及答案

2012年上海静安初中一模及答案

“学业效能实证研究”学习质量调研九年级语文学科(满分150分,考试时间100分钟)2012.1学生注意事项:l.本试卷共28题。

2.请将所有答案用黑墨水钢笔或水笔做在答卷的指定位置上,做在试卷上一律不计分。

第一部分阅读(90分)一、文言文(42分)(一)默写(18分)1.回看射雕处,。

(《观猎》)2.,赢得生前身后名。

(《破阵子》)3.向来狂费推移力,。

(《观书有感》)4.人生自古谁无死,。

(《过零丁洋》)5.,再而衰,三而竭。

(《曹刿论战》)6.学而不思则罔,。

(《孔孟论学》)(二)阅读下面这首词,完成第7一8题。

(4分)诉衷情【宋】陆游当年万里觅封侯。

匹马戍梁州。

关河梦断何处?尘暗旧貂裘。

胡未灭,鬓先秋,泪空流。

此生谁料,心在天山,身老沧州。

7.“尘暗旧貂裘”一句用了(人名)的典故。

(2分)8.下列理解不正确的一项是()(2分)A.首句以“万里”、“匹马”两词传递出当年词人奔赴前线的豪情。

B.次句借典故表达了词人不受重用,壮志难酬的苍凉心境。

C.下片首句抒发了只因年事已高不得不放弃抗金复国梦想的悲怆。

D.末句以“天山”和“沧州”之远隔来形容梦想和现实的距离之远。

(三)阅读下文,完成9—11题。

(8分)邹忌讽齐王纳谏(节选)○1于是入朝见威王,曰:“臣诚知不如徐公美。

臣之妻私臣,臣之妾畏臣,臣之客欲有求于臣,皆以美于徐公。

今齐地方千里,百二十城,宫妇左右莫不私王,朝廷之臣莫不畏王,四境之内莫不有求于王:由此观之,王之蔽甚矣。

”○2王曰:“善。

”乃下令:“群臣吏民能面刺寡人之过者,受上赏;上书谏寡人者,受中赏;能谤讥于市朝,闻寡人之耳者,受下赏。

”令初下,群臣进谏,门庭若市;数月之后,时时而间进;期年之后,虽欲言,无可进者。

○3燕、赵、韩、魏闻之,皆朝于齐。

此所谓战胜于朝廷。

9.本文选自西汉刘向编订的史书。

(2分)10.用现代汉语翻译下面的句子,注意加点字的含义。

(3分)燕、赵、韩、魏闻之.,皆朝于.齐11.下列理解不正确的一项是()(3分)A.第○1段充分表现了邹忌讽谏的语言技巧,同时也表现了他不同于常人的见识。

2012北京各区中考英语一模任务型阅读汇总

2012北京各区中考英语一模任务型阅读汇总

中考英语复习阅读与表达专项练习(一)(1)Red Ribbon Week is held every year, usually during the last week of October. It started with a police officer named “Kiki” Camarena. He was sent to Mexico in order to investigate(调查) a Mexican drug company and stayed there for four and a half years. His efforts helped put a stop to several major drug making companies. So the bosses wanted to murder the men who brought them down. When Camarena left his office for a lunch date with his wife on February 7, 1985, a car drove up and kidnapped(绑架) him, and a month later he was killed. At that time he was only 37 years old.Shortly after his death, people in Camarena’s town began wearing red ribbons in his honor. Then Camarena’s high school friend, Henry Lozano, started Camarena Club. Hundred s of people joined the club and promised to be drug-free in order to honor the death of Camarena. And then schools in several states began to join in. Now, at the end of every October, millions of Americans wear red ribbons in memory of “Kiki” Camarena. So, in 1988, the first national Red Ribbon Week was founded in America.Red Ribbon Week has become the largest drug education and prevention organization in the United States. It encourages communities to stand up against drugs and it encourages children to make a promise not to take drugs in their life.64. Is Red Ribbon Week held at the end of October in America?65. How long did “Kiki” Camarena stay in Mexico?66. What did “Kiki” Camarena do there?67. Why do people wear red ribbon during Red Ribbon Week?68. What’s the passage mainly about(2)Lang Lang is one of the youngest and most famous pianists of our time. The New York Times said, “ He is stunning.(令人震惊)” However, the story of Lang Lang’s life is much more interesting than this simple sentence.Lang Lang was born in 1982 in Shenyang, China. He was watching a Tom and Jerry cartoon on television when he first heard Western classical music. He was only two years old then. Lang Lang began taking piano lessons at the age of three. He won the first prize in the Shenyang Piano Competition only two years later. From then on, he won many awards.However, Lang Lang’s success came at a price. His father was very strict with him. He was practicing the piano while other children of his age were playing games and having fun. When Lang Lang was nine, his father quit his job and took him to Beijing. There, Lang Lang entered the finest music academy in China.At the age of just 17, Lang Lang got his big chance. In August 1999, at a famous musical event in the USA, a pianist suddenly fell ill. Lang Lang was chosen to play in place of that pianist. It was a great success and Lang Lang’s life was changed forever.Today, Lang Lang gives about 150 performances a year. He has played with the greatest orchestras in the world and at huge events such as the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.Lang Lang says he is thankful to his parents because they have always encouraged and supported him. 64. Is Lang Lang a famous pianist?65. Why is Lang Lang thankful to his parents?66. When did he won the first prize in the Shenyang Piano Competition ?67. How did Lang Lang get his big chance to change his life?68. According to the passage, what made Lang Lang successful?(3)For many of us, the idea of a family is a lot narrower(变窄了) than it used to be. Today children go away to college, and take up jobs wherever chances seem greatest. So instead of growing up in a family with grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins, many of us are truly connected only to our parents and brothers.Many kids today know little of the lives of their relatives and don’t care deeply about them. Whether we realize it or not, this feeling of being disconnected makes people feel a kind of lonely. “People need to feel connected,” says Joy Browne, a doctor in the USA. “And they will do it in the easiest ways.” When family members aren’t connected, what could be easier than forming (形成) a connection to famous people?This isn’t something unusual, of course. People cried when Mei Yanfang died in 2003. It’s natural and in most ways harmless to feel that way. But that’s unhealthy, because these relationships aren’t two-way.For that, we need to stay connected to our own families. We’ll never turn back the clock to keep families from breaking. But parents can help by telling their children stories about their grandparents, aunts and cousins, and by telling them the children’s latest activities and interests.We can use technology to keep connected with each other. It’s easy to send e-mails to granddad. Betteryet, take a vacation with members of your relatives—not with any other person. A week or so of relaxing vacation can be a great way to tie up family ties. And when a bad thing happens, no one can be as helpful as your relatives. Be cause no matter how much we cry for the famous people, they can’t be there to cry for us.64. Are many of children truly connected only to their parents and brothers?65. How does this feeling of being disconnected make people feel?66. Where is Joy Browne from?67. What can we use to keep connected with each other?68. What’s the main idea of the passage?(4)Acne(粉刺) is a very common skin disease. In fact it is the commonest skin disease among people. Many teenagers get acne. Usually it lasts only a couple of years and then it disappears. However, some people still have acne after the age of 20. And 5% of men over 50 still have acne. Acne “runs in the family”. So if your parents had had acne, you may get the disease too. And you need to look after your skin.What causes acne ? Where does acne come from? The human body produces oil; this keeps the skin and hair healthy. But at times the body produces too much oil. Then the oil closes the holes round the hairs on the face. If the holes are closed, spots appear. This is called acne.The following information will help you to know some truths about acne.●Some of your friends will say:” If you have acne, you mustn’t eat foods like chocolate and fried potatoes.”Wrong! Acne is not caused by diet, so you can eat all your favorite foods.●“If I’ve got bad acne, I should wash my face more often.” Wrong! Washing the face is not an answer. Theproblem lies under the skin, not above the skin.●“Luckily you can only get acne on your face.” Wrong! People can get acne on the face, neck, chest andback.So what can you do if you have acne? If you have bad acne,●don’t wear a tie; a tight collar(领子) around the neck usually makes the acne worse.●if it’s a sunny day, get out into the sun. Sunshine helps acn e get better.●see a doctor. There’re many safe skin creams for acne.●if you have very bad acne, your doctor may give you pills to take. This makes your body produce less oil. And try not to worry. Most acne will be over in two years. If it helps, think of the Mexican hairless dog. It is the only animal that gets acne. And there are no doctors for Mexican hairless dogs!64. Is acne a very common skin disease?65. How long does acne usually last?66. What causes acne?67. Where can people get acne?68. What is the passage mainly about?(5)When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to amiddle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive(敏感) Americans are and how they dislike the description “old”. I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience.However, in the United States, people think “growing old” is a problem since “old” shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didn’t want to hear.After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I don’t respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I don’t show my feelings through words.-----By Jack64.Is Jack a boy from a small village in the US?65.Do people like or dislike to be called “old” in Jack’s hometown?66.How did the couple feel when Jack called them “elderly”?67.Who introduced the reason patiently to Jack?68.What s hould we learn from Jack’s experience?中考英语复习阅读与表达专项练习(二)(1)Have you ever been in a rainforest? There aren’t any in Europe but there are some in Africa, Asia and South America. I was in a rainforest once. It was hot and dark. It was also very wet. Water was falling from the leaves of the trees like rain. The ground was covered with dead leaves but there were thousands of new plants growing.The most exciting plants were the large trees. Some were 50 meters high. I could only see little pieces of blue sky through the leaves. All the trees had small plants growing on them, and some of these had beautiful, brightly colored flowers.It was very noisy. I could hear lots of birds. They were hard to see but I saw one green and red parrot flying high above me. It was beautiful. The insects (昆虫) also made a lot of noise and I could feel them on my arms and legs.I didn’t see any monkeys. They were probably sleeping high up in the treetops. I did see a small snake on the ground. I hate snakes so I walked quickly but carefully out of the forest.I wouldn’t like to live in a rainforest but I am happy that I could see one before they all disappear from Earth.64. Has the writer been to a real rainforest?65. Were there many leaves or flowers on the ground?66. What did the writer see above his head?67. Why did the writer walk quickly and carefully out of the forest?68. How does the writer think of rainforests?(2)So if you’re too busy, maybe it’s time you slowed down and enjoyed a meal with a friend. There has been a new trend(趋势)in food recently—getting away from fast food and moving toward “slow food”.For years, the pace of life was increasing for most people. They were too busy to cook. The trouble including buying, preparing and cleaning up after a meal was becoming more bother than it was worth clearly. Luckily, there were smart business people who took the chance to provide a “fast” way to deal with the problem. Almost overnight, you could drop by the supermarket and buy complete meals in packages. All you had to do was to heat it and you could be eating a delicious meal in 5 minutes. Just add salt.Still too slow? OK, just drive your car up to the fast-food restaurant, order your meal and within 2 minutes it will be handed over to you with salt.The problem is health. Fast food has much more oil, salt and empty calories and far less vitamins than food freshly prepared at home. And so, since people have always wanted to live longer and healthier, a small but growing population is choosing not only fresh food, but also organically(有机)grown food—food that hasn’t been grown with chemical fertilizers(化肥).Another reason for changes in eating habits is undoubtedly social. Over the centuries, meal times have been used to visit, laugh and learn. That doesn’t fit with today’s lifestyle and many people are looking for ways to return to that. Goodbye McDonald’s.Finally, there’s something special about planning your meal, buying just the right ingredients (原料)and seeing something on your table that looks just like the picture in your recipe book (菜谱). So if you’re too busy, maybe it’s time you slowed down and enjoyed a meal with a friend.64. Do some people begin to enjoy “slow food”?65. Why did people start eating fast food?66. Where can people get a meal in two minutes?67. What is meant by “Goodbye McDonald’s”?68. What are the advantages of food prepared at home?(3)How many text messages do you send a day? 10, 50 or over 100? Now sending text messages is part ofour lives. But how does texting affect our everyday lives?According to a study, young people prefer text-messaging to talk with friends no matter where they are. They even want to do it under the noses of parents and teachers. It seems that some teenagers just can’t stop texting. This could be bad for their studies and health. For example, Ann, a 16-year-old girl from New York, lost feeling in her hands after sending over 100 texts a day from her mobile phone. She will have to have surgery (外科手术) on her wrists (手腕) in order to fix the problem.But texting isn’t all bad. It helps to make our lives better in some ways. Today many teenagers greet each other on holidays by sending text messages instead of writing paper cards. “Texting instead of sending letters helps me save my pocket money,” said Chen Qi, 16, a boy from Sichuan. “It is also eco-friendly because it saves paper.”Texting can improve relationships between young people and their parents. In the US, many parents send their kids texts instead of shouting at them. Some say texts are more friendly than spoken messages.It’s also easier for teenagers to accept them.Sending text messages is becoming more and more popular. But when you send text messages, keep the following advice in mind:◆Don’t send text messages while ri ding a bike or walking along a busy street. It is dangerous.◆Don’t send the same text message over and over again. If you haven’t received a reply, send a different message.◆ If you have something really important to say, use the phone or make plans to meet in person rather than using a text.◆ Try to keep the text message short and make sure that your meaning is clear.◆ Be polite. Reply to people when they send you a message. It is good to let people know that you have received their messages.64. Is sending text messages part of our lives?65. What do young people like better, text-messaging or talking with each other?66. Why did Ann lose feeling in her hands?67. What advantages of texting are mentioned in the passage?68. What is the passage mainly about?(4)Researchers find that people become happier and experience less worry after they reach the age of fifty. In fact, they say by the age of eighty-five, people are happier with their life than they were when they were eighteen years old.The findings came from a survey of more than 340,000 adults in the United States. The Gallup (民意调查) Organization questioned them by telephone in 2008. At that time, the people were between the ages of eighteen and eighty-five. The researchers asked questions about emotions like happiness, sadness and worry. They also asked about mental or emotional stress.Arthur Stone at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of twenty-two and twenty-five. The findings showed that stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties. Happiness was highest among the youngest adults and those in their early seventies. The people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their seventies and eighties.Researchers say they do no t know why happiness increases as people get older. One theory is that, as people grow older, they grow more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.Professor Stone says the emotional patterns could be linked to changes in how people see the world, or maybe even changes in brain chemistry.The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well-being related to age.The study also showed that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men.64. How many people were questioned to do the survey?65. What were the questions in the survey about?66. Who were happier according to the survey, people in their thirties or people in their sixties?67. Could having children affect the levels of people’s happiness?68. What does the writer want to tell us?。

辽宁2012一模语文试卷

辽宁2012一模语文试卷

哈师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁省实验中学2012年高三第一次联合模拟考试语文试题第Ⅰ卷(阅读题,共70分)甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题。

在昔人眼中,“雄浑”作为一种风格,或一种美的表现形态,几乎是高不可攀的。

《诗品集解》曾说:“文中惟庄马,诗中惟李杜,足以当之。

”范围是小的可怜了。

西方美学中有个与“雄浑”比较相近的范畴,叫做“崇高”,按照康德的见解,艺术领域并不存在“崇高”;它,仅仅表现在自然界。

然而。

前一种说法至少遗漏了词中的苏辛,忘却了李杜之前的屈原和李杜之后的陆游;就后一种说法而论,既然艺术是生活(包括自然界)的再现,生活中可以有崇高,艺术何以独无?不过,康德对崇高现象的分析仍有精到之处。

根据他的分析,崇高引起的感觉和通常所说的美感很不一样。

它不是那种直接的单纯的快感,而是一种生命力暂时受到阻遏而后洋溢迸发的振奋感。

崇高的事物以其巨大的威力常常显得很可怕,但又并不是加害于人,所以结果在我们心中唤起的就不是恐惧,而是勇气和自豪。

雄浑之美怕也就是这么回事。

在叙事性作品特别是小说中,雄浑之美如何产生,前人似乎说得不多。

依我看来,小说的雄浑,在内容上总是与一种严重的社会冲突或人与自然的冲突联接在一起;而在形式上往往与宏伟的结构密切相关。

前者,使人在惊心动魄的斗争面前对正义的力量、高尚的精神肃然起敬;后者,则使人好像面临巍峨的大厦而慨然兴叹。

雨果的《九三年》很雄浑,这是因为它以法国资产阶级革命时期革命与反革命两种力量的生死决战为题材,既写了人与自然的搏斗,更写了人与人的较量,其中更表现出了强烈的人道色彩。

罗曼〃罗兰的《约翰〃克里斯朵失》则不然,它没有什么扣人心弦的场面,而以音乐般的气氛和情绪取胜。

它也写冲突,却并非战争中你死我活的搏斗,而是一个具有崇高心灵的音乐家与庸俗环境的对抗以及他自己内心经历的斗争。

作者崇拜贝多芬,他的作品也同贝多芬的英雄性乐曲一样,表现着这样一种进程:从黑暗到光明,通过斗争走向胜利!小说描写克里斯朵夫艰难奋斗的一生,从“蒙蒙晓雾初开”到“将死而不死于恶死之日”,一步一步将读者引向雄浑高远之境。

2012年南京市各区县中考一模

2012年南京市各区县中考一模

2012南京各区县中考一模“任务型阅读和首字母填空”汇编(一)五、阅读填空(共20小题;每小题1分;满分20分) (江宁区)A) 阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容,在文章后第62~71小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意:每空只填1个单词。

The Chinese are very generous when it comes to educating their children. Some parents send their children to the best schools or even foreign countries, for example, England, the US or Australia although it costs much. Many also want their children to take after-school activities. Their children either learn a musical instrument(乐器) or ballet, or other classes that will give them a head start in life. The Chinese believe that the more expensive an education is, the better it is, so parents often spend a big amount of money on education. Even poor couples buy a computer for their son or daughter.However, what most parents fail to see is that the best education they can give their children is usually very cheap. Parents should know their children’s various skills. Children will usually be good in some areas while poor in others. What most parents fail to realize is that today’s children lack(缺乏) confidence.The problem is that parents only care about their children on how to achieve high marks in exams. They are not teaching children the most important skills that can be helpful to their growth. These skills also can build their confidence.Parents can help achieve this by teaching their children practical skills like cooking, cleaning and other housework.Teaching a child to cook will improve many of the skills that he will need later in life. Cooking requires patience and time. It is a pleasant but difficult experience. A good cook always tries to improve his cooking, so he will learn to work hard and successfully finish his job step by step. The result, a well-cooked dinner, will give a child a lot of satisfaction and confidence.An old machine such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child as a toy may make him curious. If he spends hours looking at it and trying to repair it,your child might become an engineer when he grows up. It’s better to do such activities than teach a child to read a book. These activities can teach them to think, and to use their minds.Title How Chinese parents should 62 their childrenCommon practice ★Being 63 with money when it comes to education.★Sending them to the best schools at home or even 64 .★Making children take after-school activities in order to 65them a head start in life.★Spending more 66 than they can afford on education.67 results ★Children are not confident.Suggested ideas ★Teaching their children practical skills, which are of the greatest importance. ★68 .★Cleaning★Other housework.★69 a broken radio or TV.Good results ★70 the children curious and creative.★Teaching the children to think and use their 71 .B) 根据短文内容和首字母提示,填写所缺单词。

北京中考英语2012模拟阅读理解CD篇

北京中考英语2012模拟阅读理解CD篇

阅读C篇训练一(2012朝阳一模)CWhen I moved to the country 20 years ago, I took a job as a school bus driver. I’d never had any interest in driving schoolchildren to and from school, but 10 years later, I was still working on the school bus.There are so many good reasons why I stayed. Firstly, it was the conversations that brought me different kinds of information. I also got to hear all the family secrets of the newcomers who were afraid to be starting at a new school. I have a toy bear who was a great comforter for the little ones. The kids got to look after him on the trip to school and he waited patiently for them to get on for the trip home.Our bus would often pass a place where we could see some alpacas (羊驼) in front of a farm house. Little Michael would cry excitedly from the seat, ―Look, Miss! Look at the camels!‖ He used to put his head out of the bus window. When I warned him that a fly would come into his nose if he wasn’t careful, he sm artly gave up the habit.I remember a little girl got on the bus one morning 5 years ago and cried loudly all the way to school. We arrived at the school gate. As she waited to get down the bus stairs, she threw her arms around my neck and sobbed (抽泣) that her grandfather had died the night before.A school bus driver needs to keep one eye on the road and the other on the mirror to watch what the little ones are doing down the back. My catchphrase (口头禅) each day was that I was ―taking the monsters (怪兽) to t heir mothers‖.Now, it’s necessary to think how many lives I’ve been responsible for throughout the years, and how many kilometers I’ve driven in order to get my passengers home safely. I’ve enjoyed it, but after 20 years, it’s time to rest and park my sch ool bus for good. Long live the school bus driver!53. When did the writer begin to be a school bus driver?A. 5 years ago.B. 10 years ago.C. 20 years ago.D. 30 years ago.54. The writer enjoyed her job because ______.A. driving was her hobbyB. children made her valuableC. drivers were paid wellD. she liked the environment55. What is the writer’s future plan?A. She decides to give up the job.B. She tries to go on driving.C. She wants to have a holiday.D. She hopes to have more kids.阅读C篇训练二(2012东城一模)CFlorida school children chose the panther as the state animal.What is the Florida panther?Florida panthers are a type of mountain lion. The Florida panther is the only group of mountain lions east of the Mississippi River. The panther stands for beauty and power of life.Is the Florida panther endangered?In 1967 the government listed the Florida panther as endangered. Endangered means thatwithout human help an animal or plant will become extinct. Extinct means that the animal or plant will never again stay alive on earth.What do Florida panthers look like?Panthers are about 10 times as big as a housecat. Like all cats they have very sharp claws and teeth. They need sharp claws and teeth to kill and eat their food. Florida panthers are tawny (the same color as deer). The fur on their bellies and the inside of their legs is lighter, and the fur on their backs, tails, and legs is darker. These are Florida panther paw prints:Front pawLength: 3 inchesWidth: 3.5 inchesHind pawLength: 3 inchesWidth: 3 inchesWhat do Florida panthers eat?Panthers only eat meat. Panthers eat deer, wild hogs, raccoons, armadillos, and rabbits. Sometimes they eat birds and even alligators. No panther has ever even killed a person.What kinds o f families do panthers have?Panther females and kittens make up the panther family. The father does not help take care of the kittens. Panthers may have from 1 to 4 kittens. Panthers leave their mothers when they are about 2 years old. Growing up is harder for boy panthers than girl panthers. Girls often stay near their mother. Boys must try to find a home range of their own.Where do Florida panthers live?Panthers need lots of land. The area where a panther hunts is its home range. They prefer hardwood hammocks and pine forest with lots of palmettos for their range. Panthers usually rest during the day hidden in thickets of palmetto. At dusk they begin to travel and hunt. Unless you are very lucky, you will probably never see a panther in the wild. But you can help them by protecting the lands they need to keep alive. Y ou can support efforts to recover the panther from being endangered.53. Which of the following looks like the panther most?A. B. C. D.54. The underlined word ―extinct‖ means ―________‖.A. deadB. braveC. brightD. natural55. The panther was chosen as the state animal mainly because ______.A. No panther has ever even killed a person.B. The panther is beautiful and full of energy.C. People will never see a panther in the wild.D. Panthers leave their mothers at an early age.56. How do people protect the panther in Florida?A. They take panthers to the zoo.B. They give panthers enough meat.C. They keep the land safe for panthers.D. They help to look after small panthers.阅读C篇训练三(2012昌平一模)C.The number one game in the app chart Draw Something has been sold out.The drawing game by company OMGPOP is now top spot in the Apple andAndroid charts in 84 countries.US company Zynga is reported to have paid $200m (£120m) for the app.Players draw pictures on their mobiles competing against each other,guessing what the pictures are from drawing clues.Head of Zynga Mark Pincus said once: "The OMGPOP team has created agame that's fun and expressive."The app has become such a big hit in the gaming world in the last fewweeks. It has knocked off long running Zynga titles Words with Friends andCityville from top spots in the mobile apps charts.Industry tracker App Data reported that 13.3 million people a day used Draw Something.It wasn't overnight success for OMGPOP, the New Y ork based developer started in 2009 and created 35 other social games before hitting the gaming jackpot.The story is similar to that of Angry Birds, the most popular game ever on a smartphone. Creators Rovio developed 51 games before finally making it big.Draw Something is now the most downloaded game on Facebook and players draw a total of a billion pictures each week.53. Which of the following is NOT a game according to the passage?A. Cityville.B. Angry Birds.C. Words with Friends.D. OMGPOP.54. Why is Draw Something so popular?A. It’s exciting and funny.B. It’s interesting and creative.C. It’s an overnight success.D. It’s similar to other games.55. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Angry Birds was successful because of the creators’ hard work.B. Draw Something was successful because of the creative idea.C. Players like Draw Something because they like drawing.D. The OMGPOP team is the strongest game team in USA.阅读C篇训练四(2012房山一模)CA newspaper reporter’s job can be very interesting. He meets all kinds of people and lives quite a busy life. He is on the rush for news all the time, then after several years he may get a desk job, and life becomes a bit more settled. Let’s look at his work a little more closely. In a day he may have to interview the president of a foreign country, and the next day he may be writing about a football match. Sometimes he may be so busy that he has hardly any time to sleep. And at other times he may go on for days looking out for news materials yet return empty-handed.In the beginning, a reporter has to cover a very wide field. After the early years he becomes more specialized in his work. For example, he may finally be asked to write only politics or sports. Some reporters may become so specialized that they are asked only to write on a special thing:horse racing, for example. In most newspaper houses there is at least one special racing correspondent(通讯记者、特派员). Some newspapers have book reviews. Their job is to make people pleasant. They read the latest book and then write reviews on the ones they like. Then there are those who write on films, so they get to see them even before they are shown in the cinema. How lucky, you would say!A reporter’s job can also be very dangerous. A number of them have died rushing from one task to another, and if there is a flood or a riot(暴乱) they may get hurt or even be killed. Three years ago there was a reporter whose camera was destroyed by a group of men, because they were angry with him for taking their picture. Dangerous or not, one thing is certain, and that is, their job is never boring!53. Reporters who write on films are said to be lucky because they _____.A. can write anything they like because the film stars like themB. can see the films before most people see them in the cinemaC. can pay less than other people because they know the film starsD. can see more film stars before most people see them in the cinema54. A reporter’s work can be dangerous when _____.A. there is a flood or a riotB. he is seeing a frightening filmC. there is a football matchD. he is interviewing the president55. From the passage we can infer that, to be a good reporter, he must be all of the following except _____.A. braveB. strongC. quick in mindD. good at writing阅读C篇训练五(2012密云一模)CIn every country, there are thousands of people who want to help out. Many join organizations run (管理) by their governments, for example, the Peace Corps in the United States and V oluntary Service Overseas in Britain. Since the powerful (猛烈的) earthquake took place in Sichuan, more than 200 thousand volunteers across China have been helping there! They do all kinds of work or come up with ways to help improve life. Some offer their professional skills for free. Others have no qualifications (资历), but they love to work hard to help.One of the most famous volunteers in the world was Mother Teresa. She could be the best volunteer because she gave her life to helping the poorest people of Calcutta. She helped the homeless, cared for the sick, gave out food, and became the mother of those without families.Now more and more teenagers actively look for volunteering opportunities, too. They volunteer because they think it will be fun or they will learn something. They also like the idea of being helpful to others, even if it is just handing out books for the teacher. As they get older, these reasons are still the same, but there are other important reasons for volunteering such as learning on-the-job, getting work experience, and improving their social life.All volunteers bring joy to the people they help in so many ways. They might read books to the blind, fix up broken homes, find ways to get water for villages. Could you be a volunteer? What kind of volunteer work could you do? There is someone in the world who needs you.53. The Peace Corps is in the United States.A. a cityB. an organizationC. a volunteerD. a school54. The word those in the passage means .A. the homelessB. the sickC. the poorD. the kids55. What is NOT the reason for teenagers to be volunteers according to the passage?A. They want to make more friends.B. They want to be helpful.C. It helps them get work experience.D. It can improve their social life.56. What is the main idea of this passage?A. V olunteers do all kinds of work.B. Mother Teresa was a great volunteer.C. The world needs volunteers.D.There are different ways of volunteering.阅读C篇训练六(2012大兴一模)CI love my iPhone---it’s my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me.I also love my computer, as it stores all of my writing and thoughts. Though I love these devices(装置) of technology, I know that there are times when I need to move away from them and truly communicate with others.I teach history in a high school. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes(主题) and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and share their ideas with each other in the classroom. I have a rule---no computers, iPads, phones, etc. When students were told my rule before class, some of them were not happy at all.Most students think that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. There’s a bit of truth to that. Some students believe that I am anti-technol ogy. There’s no truth in that at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations. Interruptions(打断) by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and to make connections between the course material and the class discussion.I’ve been teaching my history class in this way for many years and students realize that with deep conversation, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom.I’m not saying that I won’t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change. A few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.53. What’s the second paragraph ma inly about?A. The reasons why students should use computers or iPads in class.B. The advantages of using cell phones and computers in the classroom.C. What the writer is trying to do and what rule has been made in class.D. A new learning style that the teacher enjoys using in history class.54. According to the writer, the use of technology in the classroom may _____.A. improve teaching and offer more helpB. allow students to get on well with each otherC. help students concentrate on what they learnD. keep students from making deep conversations55. What can we infer from the passage?A. The teacher will carry on the success in the future.B. The teacher will have to cancel the rule in class.C. Some students will be punished according to the rule.D. More and more students will be absent in history class.阅读C篇训练七(2012丰台一模)CDO you have a lucky number? What is it? Manypeople have a special number that they hope willbring them good luck.In Chinese culture, some numbers are believed tobe lucky or unlucky based on the Chinese word thatthe number sounds similar to.For example, the word for the number 8 soundssimilar to the word for ―making a fortune‖. So, people consider it a very lucky number. Some people will even spend a lot of money to have 8s in their phone numbers or vehicle license plate (车牌照) numbers. The opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics began at 8:08 p.m. on August 8, 2008.The number 9 is also a lucky number because of its connection to the emperors of China. There were nine dragons on emperors’ robes (龙袍) and Chinese myth held that the dragon has nine children. The number 9 also stands for ―long lasting‖. That’s why a man always proposes to a woman with 99 or 999 roses.So what’s a ―bad luck‖ number in China? It might be 4. Many Chinese people see 4 as a ―bad luck‖ number because it sounds similar to the character for ―death‖.Because of this, many buildings skip the fourth floor, and simply call it the fifth floor. In Hong Kong, some buildings even skip all floors numbered with 4, such as, 4, 14, 24, 34 and all 40-49 floors. Some buildings also skip the 13th floor, as this is considered an unlucky number in many Christian countries. As a result, a building whose highest floor is 50 may have only 35 physical floors.53. How do lucky or unlucky numbers come in Chinese culture?They come mostly of __.A. people’s hope for good luckB. people’s belief in certain numbersC. similar sounds of Chinese numbers and wordsD. Chinese traditions54. What can we learn from the passage?A. Many people like the number 8 because it can bring them much money.B. Much money is som etimes spent on 8s in people’s car numbers in China.C. 9 is a lucky number in Chinese culture for only one reason.D. 4 is an unlucky number because it predicts death to the Chinese.55. What is the passage mainly about?A. Good luck and bad luck in China.B. Lucky and unlucky numbers in China.C. Some facts with lucky or unlucky numbers.D. Lucky and unlucky numbers in culture.阅读C篇训练八(2012海淀一模)CThere’s a lot of focus on trans fats(反式脂肪) these days. We read about it in the news, and there’s talk of passing laws against trans fats. We are b ombarded with the word. Unfortunately,most people don’t know that trans fats truly are and why they are so bad for us. A lot of food production companies want to get your dollars by printing ―Trans Fat Free‖ on their label(标签). Sadly, they may not be telling the truth.So what is a trans fats really? A trans fat is a liquid(液体)fat that is turned into solid. Although there is a very small amount of natural trans fats in meal and dairy products, most of them are created by adding hydrogen to light fat. Food-makers do this because it makes the products last longer on the shelf. Have you ever wondered why cookies can still be crispy and ―tasty‖ after six months to a year on a store shelf? It’s because of trans fats. Trans fats are typically found in things like donuts, French fries, cookies, microwave popcorn, and potato chips.Why are trans fats bad for you? Trans fats raise the bad cholesterol(胆固醇) in your body and lower the good cholesterol that the body needs. Fatty foods do cause overweight. Trans fats build up in the body and block book flow to the heart. People whose diet contains a high percentage of trans fats are at risk of heart disease and stroke.Why can the food-makers label trans fats free when it isn’t? Because of the way the nutrition labeling laws work, the FDA(Food and Drug Administration) has allowed that if a food has less than 0.5 grams per serving (一份) it can be classified as trans fats free. Read the label and you may discover that the package actually contains 6 servings, and if you just are three of them, you might have eaten 1.49 grams of trans fats.Besides, in most fast food restaurants, ingredient and nutrition information are not listed. Y ou may be shocked if you know what you are eating. An article in Men’s Health magazine pointed that in KFC, hydrogenated(氢化的) oils appeared 91 times among the ingredients from the menu list.How do you really know if there are trans fats in the food you are eating? One way to truly understand what you are eating is to read the label. Another is to understand your ingredients. Anything on the label that says hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated, even if the package says ―Trans Fats Free‖, has trans fats in it. Y ou had better not buy that product. Make a different choice,a choice for your health.53. The expression ―are bombarded with‖ in Paragraph 1 probably meansA. are tired ofB. hear much ofC. are connected withD. know clearly about54. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Trans fats can make food last long and keep people fit.B. Food-makers use trans fats because they make food deliciousC. The amount of trans fats in food is clearly written on the labelD. Trans fats can be found in the food with package saying trans fat free.55. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Danger of Eating Trans Fats FoodB. Truths and Facts about Trans FactsC. Buy Trans Fats Free Products Now!D. Don’t Eat in Fast Food Restaurant!阅读D篇训练一(2012朝阳一模)DNot long ago, I opened an interesting e-mail from Jennifer in Canada. We became friends. One day, she invited me and 11 other women to a ―Movie Night‖ to be held every six weeks at her house. We’d talk, eat and watch feel-good movies. I e-mailed her back immediately: I was in.Research shows that gatherings such as Jennifer’s make sense. In a US study, researchers measured (测量) the happiness of 4739 people over 20 years. The study found that a person’shappiness depends on the happiness of people he connects with. Surprisingly, it also found that happiness spreads not only between direct friends, but also among friends of your friends’ friends! And those good feelings seem to have the greatest influence among friends of the same sex (性别).―People with more g ood friends are less likely to develop depression (情绪低落) and worry,‖ says Dr. Toupey Luft. ―Though you can’t choose your family or workmates, you do have control over friendships.‖ With a little effort, you can add more positive (正面的) relationships to your social circle. Here’s how:―Nobody is all positive or all negative,‖ says Luft. ―But there are people you may feel more positive. Use that as your way to check people and keep records.‖ When spending time with others, pay attention to your feeling. Are you feeling tired and unhappy?To help you keep records, Luft suggests taking a moment when you get home to write down what your feeling is when around them.While it’s great to gather with positive friends, it’s also good to stay with others in the same life situations. ―But if you’re all just complaining (抱怨) and nothing is changing, it’s not healthy,‖ says Luft. Are your friends negative, or are you doing most of the complaining? Considering the answers to these questions can help you decide if you want to stand in front of them. Or you could let the relationship disappear slowly.Sometimes your hobbies can lead to true friendships. Check out newspapers and websites to find a group or class for something you enjoy. These friends can always be there for you and can care each other through difficulties, illness and death.Not into groups? Look for individual (个人的) communication instead. Luft says, ―Set small goals, such as having coffee with one new person, and develop friendship according to a plan. If som eone suggests going for lunch sometime, set a date.‖―If you’re feeling disappointed (失望) with a friend, try talking about what you both need,‖ says Luft. For example, tell her what you want during hard times in your lives. While your friend may need to be left alone, you may want caring phone calls. With some friends you laugh and have fun together at the movies—and that can be enough. With others, you pay attention to your deep connection.56. What does your happiness depend on, according to the passage?A. How many friends you have.B. How people you connect with feel.C. What situation you are in now.D. What kind of friends you have.57. What does the first suggestion want us to do?A. To measure our happiness.B. To check people around.C. To join a group for hobbies.D. To leave negative friends.58. Which of the following is true?A. All the suggestions tell us to add positive relationship to our social circle.B. It’s necessary to complain about something but not right to do so for long.C. Joining a group can bring better friendship than making individual friends.D. We often have many friends during good times but few during hard times.59. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means that ______.A. when your friend leaves you, you need comfortB. when your friend is sad, you should call her upC. people may behave differently during hard timesD. friends’ needs may be quite different sometimes阅读D篇训练二(2012东城一模)DWhen we found Tony, he was a sorry sight. His clothes were dirty. There was blood all over his arm. Before we reached him we saw him fall. He lay a moment. Then he pulled himself to his feet, walked a few yards with difficulty through the woods and fell again. When we lifted him off the ground, he tried to break away and run, like a wild animal.After we got him out, we went back to find the gun that he had thrown down. His footprints showed that for two days he had circled in the forest, within 200 yards of the road. His senses were so weak by fear that he did not hear the cars going by or see the lights at night. He was very tired. We found him just in time. This man, like others before him, was full of fear when he knew he was lost.Whatever sense of direction that a man may have, it’s still largely a que stion of watching out. An experienced woodsman always keeps an eye on the things around him. He notes the shape of a mountain, the direction that water flows through the mountain, and everything along with him when he travels—how a tree leans across it and how a rock stands. He sees the way and the general flows of water. With these in mind, he may be turned around many times, but his way i s seldom lost.There are exceptions, of course, and once in a while a man does get into some strange difficulty that puts him into the ―lost‖ column. A rainstorm may catch him without a com pass to show him the direction. Darkness may find him in a very hard situation, where travel is dangerous without a light.When this happens, the normal first reaction is the fear of difficulty as a result of this poor woodsmanship. He may al so worry about the trouble that he will cause his friends when he doesn’t show up. If he is short of experience, he may keep on the move in an effort to find the camp against all bad happenings. And the result is that he might walk in circles or in the wrong direction and in the end beat himself out physi cally and mentally—he will be found mad and crazy.57. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Tony went to look for a wild animal.B. Tony found his gun in the circle he walked.C. A man will be full of fear when he gets lost.D. A man won’t get lost if he has a sense of direction.58. The word ―woodsmanship‖ refers to ______.A. ways of protecting the forestB. the art of travelling in the forestsC. the experience of finding a lost manD. skills of helping people in the woods59. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Don’t Be MadB. Fears in the ForestC. Easy to Get LostD. What to Do in the Forest阅读D篇训练三(2012昌平一模)D.Spending time online is normal behavior for teenagers. But too much Internet use by teens – or too little, for that matter – might be related to depression (抑郁), a new study finds.The findings, reported in the Journal of Pediatrics, do not mean that the Internet is to blame.For one, teens in the study who spent no time online were also at increased risk of depression symptoms (症状). Instead, the researchers say that both heavy Internet use, and non – use, could show that a teenager is having a hard time.For the study, Dr. Pierre – Andre Michaud and his colleagues at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, surveyed 7, 200 individuals ages 16 to 20 about their Internet use.Those who were online more than two hours per day were cons idered ―heavy‖ Internet users, while those online anywhere from several times per week to two hours per day were considered ―regular‖ users.The teenagers also answered a number of health – related questions, including some standard questions about ―depressive tendencies‖ (抑郁倾向) that show how often a person feels sad or hopeless. Compared with regular Internet users, the study found, kids who were heavy users or non – users were more likely to be depressed or very depressed.Among boys, heavy users and non – users were both around one – third more likely to have a high depression score, compared to ―regular‖ users. Among girls, heavy Internet users had an 86 percent greater chance of depression, while non –users had a 46 percent compared to regular users.Since teenagers typically go online to connect with friends. The researches find that those who are never online may be more socially isolated.56. Which is TRUE according to the passage?A.Teenagers never go online are good students.B.Teenagers never go online may get depression.C.Surfing the Internet for teenagers is bad behavior.D.Internet is the reason of teenager’s depression.57. How long does the writer suggest teens to go online per week?A.Less than 14 hours.B. More than 14 hours.C.More than 20 hours.D. Less than 20 hours.58. The purpose of Dr. Michaud and colleagues’ study is to know ______________.A.the actual time of teenagers learning onlineB.the actual number of teenagers playing onlineC.the influence on school study about teenagers onlinethe relationship between Internet use and depression59. What’s the meaning of the word isolated in the last paragraph?A. Independent.B. United.C. SeparateD. Humorous.阅读D篇训练四(2012房山一模)Imagine, getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your officein Shanghai in only a couple of hours, and then, after a full day ofwork, going back home to Beijing and having dinner there.Sounds unusual, doesn't it? But it has come true, with thedevelopment of Chi na’s high-speed railway system(系统). Andthat’s not all. China has an even greater high-speed railway plan—to connect the country with Southeast Asia, and finally Eastern Europe.China is negotiating(协商) to spread its own high·-speed railway network to up to 17。

北京市各区2012年度第一次模拟试卷阅读汇总

北京市各区2012年度第一次模拟试卷阅读汇总

AWhen I was a kid in Minnesota, watermelon was expensive. One of my father’s friends, Bernie, was a rich businessman, who owned a large store in St. Paul.Every summer, when the first watermelons arrived, Bernie would call. Dad and I would go to Bernie’s place. We’d sit on the edge of the dock(码头), feet dangling(摇晃), and got ready for a big meal.Bernie would take his knife, cut our first watermelon, hand us both a big piece and sit down next to us. Then we’d bury our faces in watermelon, eating only the heart—the reddest, juiciest, firmest, sweetest, most seed-free part—and throw away the rest.Bernie was my father’s idea of a rich man. I always thought it was because he was such a successful businessman. Years later, I realized that it was not Bernie’s wealth itself but his way of dealing with it that my father liked. Bernie knew how to stop working, get together with friends and eat only the heart of the watermelon.What I learned from Bernie is that being rich is a state of mind. Some of us, no matter how much money we have, will never be free enough to eat only the heart of the watermelon. If you don’t take the time to dangle your feet over the dock and enjoy life’s small pleasure, your work is probably hurting your life.For many years, I forgot that lesson I’d learned as a kid on the loa ding dock. I was too busy making all the money I could.Well, I’ve relearned it. I hope I have time left to enjoy the success of others and to take pleasure in the day. That’s the heart of the watermelon. I have learned again to throw t he rest away.46. We learned from the second paragraph that the writer and his father were feeling ______.A. relaxedB. worriedC. hungryD. proud47. How did the writer and his father eat the watermelon?A. They ate it in a polite way.B. They only ate its best part.C. They ate every part of it.D. They shared only one piece.48. In the eyes of the writer’s father, Bernie ______.A. was just a rich businessmanB. worked hard all the timeC. lived a rich but healthy lifeD. knew how to make money49. The underlined part “the heart of the watermelon” in the last paragraph refers to ______.A. the best part of the watermelonB. the writer’s busy lifeC. the writer’s decision of making moneyD. the writer’s hope of enjoying life50. It can be learne d from the passage that ______.A. one has to work hard to reach his goalB. a friend in need is a friend in deedC. watermelon is the healthiest fruitD. one should keep work-life balance【主旨大意】作者孩提时,父亲的朋友每年在西瓜初熟时邀请他们吃西瓜,吃西瓜时只吃最好的地方。

徐汇区2012届一模语文试卷及参考答案

徐汇区2012届一模语文试卷及参考答案

2011学年第一学期徐汇区高三年级语文学科学习能力诊断卷2012.1考生注意:1.本考试设试卷和答题卷两部分,试卷包括试题与答题要求,所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题卷上,做在试卷上一律不得分。

2.答题卷与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的,答题时应特别注意,不能错位。

3.考试时间150分钟。

试卷满分150分。

一、阅读 80分(一)阅读下文,完成1——6题。

(18分)我们应当怎样传播经典王呈伟①文化经典之于国人,不仅象征了传统文化中的泰山北斗,更是民族传承智慧的皇皇巨章。

在老百姓眼里,那是读书人才能触摸到的高度,而自己无缘进学,只能算作殿堂外的旅人或侍从。

从这个意义上说,于丹的“说论语”使文化经典的阅读贴近了大众的生活,应该是文化普及中一次有价值的实践。

②其实历朝历代注《论语》、释儒学的学者可谓太多,不过他们所秉持的观点和解读的角度都是从对百姓的思想教化入手,以此来维护社会规范秩序。

文化经典的传承不可避免地带上了宣扬统治者观点的浓重色彩,成为特权意识或统治观念的载体。

当学者们蘸着时代的流行色去润色原著的底色时,文化经典的意蕴就自然而然地打上了那个时代的思想烙印。

今天,就传播文化经典而言,摆在我们面前的依然是如何选择的问题:是继承汉以来的儒学,还是两宋之后的理学,抑或是上溯到先秦的儒家?③不管怎么说,今天的学者把历史的真实和演绎的故事嫁接起来,运用现代高度发达的资讯传媒,让视听大众走近了传统文化的艺术殿堂。

百家研读,百花齐放,有的结出些老百姓能吃的瓜果,有的只地叫来吸引人们视线的,春光乍现,一片喧闹而繁忙的景象。

不过学院派的学者大多坚守自己的学问准则,即使研究一辈子悟得其中的一小部分,也只把这点心得变成大学课堂的讲义,不和老百姓搭界。

因此如何把本民族的文化经典传播到老百姓可以拿来引用的层面,应该是这个时代的学人必须作答的问题。

④横向比较一下其他民族的经典文化传播会给我们带来些启示。

他们的经典传播特别注重把有深意的道理化成生活中的小事,而事情的发生发展都尽量接近大众的生活,让百姓在做的过程中不断感悟经典中蕴涵的道理。

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In November of 1995, Leslie was working for the Department of Social Services in North Carolina. Her job is to take children out of dangerous home situations and place them in foster homes (寄养家庭). During her first such task, Leslie saw that the children she had come to pick up were carrying all of their things in plastic bags. They didn’t have suitcases (手提箱) for their clothes. Wanting to help these children, Leslie asked her mother if she could have the family’s old suitcases to give to them.Leslie’s 10-year-old sister Abby asked how many foster children there were in the area and found out that there were 300. Most of those children had to carry their things from place to place in plastic bags. Leslie’s care and the thought of those 300 children made young Abby take action. Abby decided to ask people to give away their old suitcases to these foster children. She began making and hanging posters, speaking at churches, and asking other children for help. But after a few weeks, she had not received any ones. Abby decided to buy some suitcases with her mother’s help. That’s how Abby Burnside set up her program, Suitcases for Kids. By March of 1996, Suitcases for Kids had collected and sent 175 suitcases to the foster children.Finally, Abby’s efforts were not iced by the media. Her story was in newspapers and magazines and Abby appeared on popular television shows. As the story became known, Abby’s local chapter (分支机构) received more and more suitcases, until it collected 4,000 suitcases in 1996. Soon, Abby was traveling to different states to help set up new Suitcases for Kids chapters. By the end of 1996, there were Suitcases for Kids chapters in 19 different states. After two full years, Suitcases for Kids had set up chapters in all 50 states. By its sixth year, the little organization reached international attention, having chapters in more than ten countries. Now thousands of children around the world can carry their things in suitcases instead of plastic bags just becausea 10-year-old girl decided one day that she just wanted to help.64. Was Leslie’s work to help the foster children?65. What did the children use to carry their things at first?66. Why did Abby decide to take action?67. In which year did each state have Abby’s chapters?68. What made Abby help the children successfully?Learning to understand your mother well is what you should do. Here are the best tips towards a better relationship with her. They are not necessarily surprising, but they have worked for many people. Try them.understand ourselves. We should follow the way of her life. When we are able to accept our mother —with all her failings, we can understand her better and it can also help us to know about our shortcomings. Remember that understanding our mother is really about understanding ourselves.64. Should we learn to understand our mother well?65. What can help us understand our mother better?66. How do we make our mother feel close to us?67. Why do we ask our mother about our childhood history?68. What does the writer want to tell us?八、阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。

(共10分,每小题2分)Red Ribbon Week is held every year, usually during the last week of October. It started with a police officer named “Kiki ” Camarena. He was sent to Mexico in order to investigate(调查) a Mexican drugcompany and stayed there for four and a half years. His efforts helped put a stop to several major drug making companies. So the bosses wanted to murder the men who brought them down. When Camarena left his office for a lunch date with his wife on February 7, 1985, a car drove up and kidnapped(绑架) him, and a month later he was killed. At that time he was only 37 years old.Shortly after his death, people in Cama rena’s town began wearing red ribbons in his honor. Then Cama rena’s high school friend, Henry Lozano, started Camarena Club. Hundreds of people joined the club and promised to be drug-free in order to honor the death of Camarena. And then schools in several states began to join in. Now, at the end of every October, millions of Americans wear red ribbons in memory of “Kiki” Camarena. So, in 1988, the first national Red Ribbon Week was founded in America.Red Ribbon Week has become the largest drug education and prevention organization in the United States. It encourages communities to stand up against drugs and it encourages children to make a promise not to take drugs in their life.64. Is Red Ribbon Week held at the end of October in America?65. How long did “Kiki” Camarena stay in Mexico?66. What did “Kiki” Camarena do there?67. Why do people wear red ribbon during Red Ribbon Week?68. What’s the passage mainly about?So if you’re too busy, maybe it’s time you slowed down and enjoyed a meal with a friend. There has been a new trend(趋势)in food recently — getting away from fast food and moving toward “slow food”.For years, the pace of life was increasing for most people. They were too busy to cook. The trouble including buying, preparing and cleaning up after a meal was becoming more bother than it was worth clearly. Luckily, there were smart business people who took the chance to provide a “fast” way to deal with the problem. Almost overnight, you could drop by the supermarket and buy complete meals in packages. All you had to do was to heat it and you could be eating a delicious meal in 5 minutes. Just add salt.Still too slow? OK, just drive your car up to the fast-food restaurant, order your meal and within 2 minutes it will be handed over to you with salt.The problem is health. Fast food has much more oil, salt and empty calo ries and far less vitamins than food freshly prepared at home. And so, since people have always wanted to live longer and healthier, a small but growing population is choosing not only fresh food, but also organically(有机)grown food — food that hasn’t been grown with chemical fertilizers(化肥).Another reason for changes in eating habits is undoubtedly social. Over the centuries, meal times have been used to visit, laugh and learn. That doesn’t fit with today’s lifestyle and many people are looking for ways to return to that. Goodbye McDonald’s.Finally, there’s something unique about planning your meal, buying just the right ingredients and seeing something on your table that looks just like the picture in your recipe book. So if you’re too busy, maybe it’s time you slowed down and enjoyed a meal with a friend.64. Do some people begin to eat “slow food”?65. Why did people start eating fast food?66. Where can people get a meal in two minutes?67. What is meant by “Goodbye McDonald”?68. What are the advantages of food prepared at home?64. Yes, it is./ Yes.65. For four and a half years./ 4.5 years./ For four years and a half66. He stopped the companies from making drugs.67. To honor “Kiki”Camarena./ To be in memory of “Kiki”Camarena.Because they wanted to honor the death of “Kiki”Camarena.Because they wanted to be in memory of “Kiki”Camarena.68. It tells us the background and the purposes of starting RedRibbon Week.64. Yes, they do.65. Because they were t oo busy.66. They just drive your car up to the fast-food restaurant.67. It means to stop eating fast food.68. Healthy and enjoyable.。

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