AI519型人工智能调节器(V7.5)
AI-519
AI-519 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INDUSTRIAL CONTROLLEROperation InstructionVer. 7.5(Applicable for accurate controls of temperature, pressure, flow, level, humidity etc.)CONTENTS1.SUMMARY (1)1.1M AIN F EATURES (1)1.2T ECHNICAL S PECIFICATION (1)1.3O RDERING C ODE D EFINITION (2)1.4R EAR T ERMINAL L AYOUT AND W IRING (5)2.DISPLAYS AND OPERATIONS (7)2.1F RONT P ANEL D ESCRIPTION (7)2.2P ARAMETER S ETTING F LOW C HART (7)2.3O PERATION D ESCRIPTION (8)ValueSetting (8)2.3.1 Set2.3.2 Parameter Setting (8)2.3.3 Setpoint / Output Value Switch (8)Control Mode Switch (8)Manula2.3.4 Auto/Tuning (8)2.3.5 Auto3.PARAMETERS AND SETTINGS (9)3.1P ARAMETER L OCK (L OC) AND F IELD P ARAMETERS (9)3.2T HE E NTIRE P ARAMETER T ABLE (9)3.3A DDITIONAL R EMARKS OF S PECIAL F UNCTIONS (12)3.3.1 Single-phasephase-shift trigger output (12)3.3.2 Alarm blocking at the beginning of power on (12)3.3.3 Setpoints switch (13)3.3.4 Communicationfunction (13)3.3.5 Temperature retransmitter / set current output (13)1. SUMMARY1.1 Main Features● Universal thermocouples, RTDs and linear current/voltage signals are selectable, integrating non-linear graduationtables, digital calibration and auto zero technology, and achieving accurate and stable measurement.● Application of advanced AI artificial intelligence control algorithm with auto tuning function, no overshoot.● Provided with auto/manual bumpless switch and soft-start function.● New generation of X3 and X5 current output modules with accuracy 0.2%F.S., improving the precision of control andretransmission.●Application of advanced modular structure, conveniently providing plentiful output options, can satisfy variousapplication requirements, and make quick delivery and easy maintenance.●Friendly and customized operating interface leads to easy learning and simple manipulation. Any parameter can bepromoted to immediate operator access in Field Parameter Table or password protected in Full Parameter Table.●With worldwide power supply of 100-240VAC or 24VDC and various dimensions for user to choose. 50Hz or 60Hzpower frequency, and unit of ℃ or ℉are selectable by parameter.● High quality and performance hardware design, using high performance tantalum capacitor or ceramic capacitor.Compared to competing models, it consumes less electricity, experiences less temperature shifting, provides higher stability and reliability, and can work in a wider range of temperature.● ISO9001 and CE certified, achieving world class level of quality, anti-interference ability and safety.POINTS FOR ATTENTION●Please correctly set parameters according to input / output type and function. Only correctly wired instruments withparameters correctly set can be put into use.1.2 Technical Specificationz Input type: (Any of below specifications can be used selectively in the same instrument) Thermocouple: K, S, R, E, J, NResistance temperature detector: Cu50, Pt100Linear voltage: 0～5V, 1～5V, 0～1V, 0～100mV, 0～20mV, etc.Linear current (external precise shunt resist needed): 0～10mA, 0～20mA, 4～20mA, etc.Extended input (install I4 module in MIO) : 0～20mA, 4～20mA or two line transmitter.z Instrument Input rangeK(0～1300℃), S(0～1700℃), R(0～1700℃), E(0～1000℃), J(0～1200℃), N(0～1300℃)K(32～2372℉), S(32～3092℉), R(32～3092℉), E(32～1832℉), J(32～2192℉), N(32～2372℉)Cu50(-50～+150℃), Pt100(-200～+800℃)Cu50(-58～+302℉), Pt100(-328～+1472℉)Linear Input: -9990～+30000 units defined by user.z Measurement accuracy : 0.3%FS ± 0.1℃z Resolution : 0.1℃for K, E, T, N, J, Cu50, Pt100; 1℃for S, Rz Temperature shift :≤0.015%FS /℃(typical value is 70ppm/℃)z Sampling period : read A/D converter 8 times per secondz Response time : ≤1s ( when digital filter parameter FILt=1)z Alarm function : high limit, low limit, deviation high limit and deviation low limit; with alarm blocking at the beginning of power on.z Control mode:On-off control mode (Hysteresis adjustable)Standard PID with auto tuningAI PID with auto tuning, adopting AI artificial intelligence algorithm.z Control period : 0.5～120.0 seconds selectable, and it should be integer times of 0.5 second.z Output mode (modularized)Relay output (NO+NC): 250VAC/2A or 30VDC/1ATRIAC no contact discrete output (NO or NC): 100～240VAC/0.2A (continuous), 2A (20mS instantaneous, repeat period≥5s)SSR Voltage output: 12VDC/30mA (used to drive SSR).Thyristor zero crossing trigger output: can trigger TRIAC of 5～500A, a pair of inverse paralleled SCRs or SCR power module.Linear current output:0～20mA, 4～20mA (Output voltage ≥11V, maximum load resistor 500ohm, output precision 0.2%FS)z Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) : ±4KV/5KHz according to IEC61000-4-4; 4KV according to IEC61000-4-5.z Isolation withstanding voltage : between power, relay contact or signal terminal ≥2300VDC; between isolated electroweak terminals ≥600VDCz Power supply : 100～240VAC, -15%, +10% / 50-60Hz; 120～240VDC; or 24VDC/AC, -15%, +10%.z Power consumption:≤6Wz Operating Ambient : temperature -10～60℃; humidity ≤90%RHz Front panel dimension: 96×96mm, 160×80mm, 80×160mm, 48×96mm, 96×48mm, 48×48mm, 72×72mmz Panel cutout dimension: 92×92mm, 152×76mm, 76×152mm, 45×92mm, 92×45mm, 45×45mm, 68×68mmz Depth behind mounting surface: 100mm1.3 Ordering Code DefinitionAI series instruments adopt advanced modularized hardware design. There are maximum five module slots: multi-function input/output (MIO), main output (OUTP), alarm (ALM), auxiliary output (AUX) and communication (COMM). The modules can be purchased together with or separately from the instrument, and can be assembled freely. The input type can be freely set to thermocouple, RTD, or linear current/voltage.The ordering code of AI-508 series instrument is made up of 8 parts. For example:AI-519 A N X3 L5 N S4 — 24VDC①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧It shows that the model of this instrument is AI-519, front panel dimension is 96×96mm, no module is installed in MIO (Multi-function I/O) slot, X3 linear current output module is installed in OUTP (main output), ALM (alarm) is L5 (dual relay contact output module), no module is installed in AUX (auxiliary output), a RS485 communication interface with photoelectric isolation is installed, and the power supply of the instrument is 24VDC.The following is the meanings of the 8 parts:① shows the model of the instrumentAI-519 economical type instrument with measurement accuracy 0.3%F.S. It adopts artificial intelligent control technology, and has the functions of auto/manual bumpless switch.② shows the front panel dimension.A/A2 front panel 96×96mm(width×height), cut out 92×92mm, depth behind mounting surface 100mm. A2 hasa light bar with 25 segments and 4 levels of luminosity.B front panel 160×80mm(width×height), cut out 152×76mm, depth behind mounting surface 100mm.C/C3 front panel 80×160mm(width×height), cut out 76×152mm, depth behind mounting surface 100mm. C3 has an additional light bar with 50 segments and 2 levels of luminosity.D front panel 72×72mm(width×height), cut out 68×68mm, depth behind mounting surface 95mmD2front panel 48×48mm(width×height), cut out 45×45mm, depth behind mounting surface 95mm`E front panel 48×96mm(width×height), cut out 45×92mm, depth behind mounting surface 100mmF front panel 96×48mm(width×height), cut out 92×45mm, depth behind mounting surface 100mm③ shows the module type of multiple function I/O (MIO). N means none, no module installed.V24/V12/V10 Isolated 24V/12V/10V DC voltage output module with maximum current of 50mA, can supply power for external transmitter.I2On-off signal input module, can connect an external switch to switch between dual setpoints.I4 4-20mA/0-20mA analogue input module, has a 24VDC/24mA power supply, and can connect to 2-wire transmitter.④ shows the module type of main output (OUTP). For control output or SV/PV retransmission.L2Normal open + normal close relay output module (small volume, capacity: 30VDC/1A, 250VAC/1A)L1/L4Large capacity normal open relay output module (large volume, Capacity: 30VDC/2A, 250VAC/2A)W1TRIAC no contact normal open discrete output module (Capacity: 100-240VAC/0.2A, burnt free)W2TRIAC no contact normal closed discrete output module (Capacity: 100-240VAC/0.2A, burnt free)G SSR voltage output module (DC12VDC/30mA)K1Single-phase thyristor zero crossing trigger output module (can trigger one loop of a TRIAC or a pair of inverse parallel SCR with current of 5-500A)K3Three-phase thyristor zero crossing trigger output module (can trigger 3-phase circuit; each loop can trigger TRIAC or a pair of inverse parallel SCR with current of 5-500A)K5 Single-phase thyristor phase-shift trigger output module, suitable for 200～240VAC power.K6 Single-phase thyristor phase-shift trigger output module, suitable for 340～415VAC power.X3Electric isolated linear current output module, support outputs of 0-20mA and 4-20mA etc, and use internal 12VDC power supply.X5Electric isolated linear current output module, support outputs of 0-20mA and 4-20mA etc. X5 is equipped with photoelectric isolated power supply and doesn’t interfere with the internal power of the instrument.⑤ shows the module type of alarm (ALM). For AL1 and AL2 alarm outputs.L1/L2/L4Single relay output alarm, support AL1.L5 Dual normal open relay output module, support AL1 and AL2.⑥ shows the module type of auxiliary output (AUX). For AU1 and AU2 alarms and control auxiliary output.L1/L2/L4Single relay output alarm, support AU1 alarm or auxiliary output of refrigerating/heating control.L5 Dual normal open relay output module, support AU1 and AU2 alarm.W1TRIAC no contact normal open discrete output module (Capacity: 100-240VAC/0.2A, burn proof)W2TRIAC no contact normal closed discrete output module (Capacity: 100-240VAC/0.2A, burn proof)G SSR voltage output module (DC12V/30mA time proportional output)K1Single-phase thyristor zero crossing trigger output module (can trigger one loop of a TRIAC or a pair of inverse parallel SCR with current of 5-500A)X3Electric isolated linear current output module, support outputs of 0-20mA and 4-20mA etc, and use internal 12VDC power supply.X5Electric isolated linear current output module, support outputs of 0-20mA and 4-20mA etc. X5 is equipped with photoelectric isolated power supply and doesn’t interfere with the internal power of the instrument.R RS232 communication interface module, use the internal 12VDC power supply.⑦ shows the module type of communication (COMM).S RS485 communication interface module, use the internal 12VDC power supply.S4RS485 communication interface module. S4 is equipped with photoelectric isolated power supply, and doesn’t interfere with the internal power supply of the instrument.⑧ shows the power supply of the instrument. If left blank, the power of the instrument is 100-240VAC. "24VDC"means the power supply of 24V direct current.Module K3: K3 module will take OUTP and MIO two slots. So if K3 is installed, installing I2 module in COMM slot and setting parameter bAud to 1 can realize two setpoints switching function.Installation and replacement of modules: Before the instrument delivery, module installation is done on request, with corresponding parameter set correctly. Users can replace or install modules by themselves when needed. When replacing a module, you should pull the controller out of the housing at first, insert a small flat-tip screwdriver into the opening between the original module and the slot on motherboard to remove the old module, and then install a new module. Changing module type needs to modify the corresponding parameters.Voltage output module: The voltage output modules like V24, \/10 or V12 are often used for supplying power for external transducer or feedback resistance of transmitter. These modules can be installed in any slot except that of D2 dimension instrument. To standardize the wiring, it is recommended to be installed in the first idle slot in the order of MIO, AUX, and COMM.Electric isolation of the modules: There are a group of 24V and a group 12V power supply built in the instrument and isolated to the main circuit. The 24V power commonly supplies voltage output module, such as V24/V12/V10 (24V/12V/10V voltage output module), I2 (on-off signal input module) and I4 (linear current input module). The 12V power is commonly supplies output or communication module. Generally, the relay contact output and TRIAC no contact discrete output are self insulated from the other circuit, no matter whether other modules are installed or not. SSR voltage output do not need to be insulated from input circuit, because SSR itself has isolation function. Therefore, only the electric isolation between the communication interface and the current output should be considered. Those modules, for example, S (RS485 communication interface), R (RS232 communication interface) and X3 (linear current output), all need the 12V power supply. If more than one of the above modules are installed, in order to be electric isolated, only one of them can be module without electric isolation, the other modules should be S4 or X4, which has its own isolated power supply. For example, if an X module is installed in OUTP (main output) slot, and an S or X module is installed in COMM (communication interface) slot, then OUTP and COMM can not be electric isolated, so S or X should be replaced with S4 or X4.No contact switch module: W1 and W2 are new types of no contact switch modules which apply the advanced technology of “burn proof” and zero crossing conduction. It can replace the relay contact switch. Compared to the relay contact output module, W1 and W2 have longer life and lower interference. They can largely decrease the interference spark of the equipment, and greatly improve the stability and reliability of the system. Since the driver element is TRIAC, it is suitable for controlling 100-240VAC (not for DC power) with current up to 80A. For the current larger than 80A, an intermediate relay is needed. Protection elements are series wound to the output terminals, so it can control continuous current up to 0.2A with maximum allowed instantaneous current 2A.Relay Module: The relay modules are widely used in industrial control. However, they are the only modules with life time limit and volume limit and have much electromagnetic interference. There are four types of relay modules: L1, L2, L4 and L5. For control output, L1 or L4 large capacity module is recommended. L4 is equipped with high performance relay with small volume and large capacity but is expensive. L2 module is small, and both its normal open and normal close terminals have the function of varistor spark absorption, but the capacity is small. It is suitable for alarm output. L1 and L5 have big volume and big capacity. In the 48mm dimension instrument (for example, D2, E, F and E5), only one of L1 or L5 can be installed. L5 has dual output, can be used to support two loops of alarm, for example, AL1+AL2. If you don’t like mechanical switch, you can choose G5 (dual SSR voltage driver) and connect with external SSR instead.Calibration: The instrument applies the technology of automatic zero and digital calibration, and is free of maintenance. If the error exceeds certain range, generally, cleaning and drying the inside of the instrument can fix it. If not, send the instrument back to the factory to examine and repair.Warranty and maintenance: Free repair and maintenance will be given in 36 months since the delivery. In order to get full and correct repair, write the phenomena and causes of the malfunction of the instrument.1.4 Rear Terminal Layout and WiringWiring graph for instruments except D and D2 dimension.Note 1: For linear voltage input, if the range is below 500mV, connect to terminals 19 and 18. 0～5V or 1～5V signal can be inputted from terminals 17 and 18.Note 2: 4～20mA signal can be converted to 1～5V signal by a 250 ohm resistor and inputted from terminals 17 and 18. If I4 module is installed in MIO slot, 4～20mA signal can be inputted from terminals 14+ and 15-, and 2-wire transmitter can be inputted from terminals 16+ and 14-.Note 3: The compensation wires for different kinds of thermocouple are different, and should be directly connect to the terminals. When the internal auto compensation mode is used, connecting the common wire between the compensation wire and the terminals will cause measurement error.Wiring graph of D dimension instruments (72×72mm)（K1）Note 1: Linear voltage signal of range below 500mV should be inputted from terminals 13 and 12, and signal of 0～5V and 1～5V should be inputted from terminals 11 and 12.Note 2: 4～20mA linear current signal can be converted to 1～5V voltage signal by connecting a 250 ohm resistor and inputted from terminals 11 and 12.Note 3: S or S4 module can be installed in COMM slot for communication. If relay, TRIAC no contact switch, or SSR driver voltage output module is installed in COMM, it can be used as alarm output. If I2 module is installed in COMM and parameter “bAud” is set to 1, then on-off signal can be inputted, and setpoints SV1 and SV2 can be switched byNote: This graph is for upright instruments with dimension A, C or E.For instruments with dimension B and F, just clockwise rotate the graph 90 degree and the terminal numbers keep the same.（K1/K3）（K3） （K3）connecting a switch between terminals 3 and 4.Wiring graph of instruments with D2 dimension as below:（K1）Note 1: D2 dimension instruments don’t support 0～5V or 1～5V linear voltage input. However, 0～5V or 1～5V signal can be converted to 0～500mV or 100～500mV by connecting external precise resistors, 4～20mA can be converted to 100～500mV by connecting a 25ohm resistor, then be inputted from terminals 9 and 8.Note 2: For COMM/AUX slot, if S or S4 communication module is installed in, it can be used for communication; if L2 or L5 module is installed in, and parameter bAud is set to 0, it can be used for AU1 or AU1+AU2 alarm output; if L1, L2, L4, G, K1, W1 or W2 is installed, it can be the auxiliary output in bidirectional (heating/refrigerating) control (Auxiliary output doesn’t support analog current output); if I2 is installed and bAud is set to 1, then it can input on-off signal to switch SV1 and SV2 by connecting a switch between terminals number 3 and 5.Thyristor triggerNote 1: According to the voltage and current of load, choose suitable varistor to prevent the thyristor. Capacitor resistor absorber is needed for inductance load or phase-shift trigger output.Note 2: SCR power module is recommended. A power module includes two SCRs, is similar to the above dashed square.Note 3: K5 phase-shift trigger module only support 200～240VAC / 50Hz power, and K6 phase-shift trigger module only support 340～415VAC / 50Hz power.2. DISPLAYS AND OPERATIONS2.1 Front Panel Description① Upper display window, displays PV, parameter code, etc. ② Lower display window, displays SV, parameter value, oralarm code.③ Setup key, for accessing parameter table and conformingparameter modification.④ Data shift key, and also for auto tuning, auto/manual switch. ⑤ Data decrease key, and also run/pause switch ⑥ Data increase key, and also stop key⑦ LED indicator. PRG indicator is non-applicable for AI-519.The lighting of MAN means in manual output status. MIO, OP1, OP2, AL1, AL2, AU1 and AU2 indicate I/O operation of the corresponding module. For example, That the COMM indicator is lighting means that the instrument is communicating with computer.Basic display status : When power on, the upper display window of the instrument shows the process value (PV), and the lower window shows the setpoint (SV). This status is called basic display status. When the input signal is out of the measurable range (for example, the thermocouple or RTD circuit is break, or input specification sets wrong), the upper display window will alternately display “orAL” and the high limit or the low limit of PV, and the instrument will automatically stop output. If the lower display window alternately display “HIAL”, “LoAL”, “HdAL” or “LdAL”, it means high limit alarm, low limit alarm, deviation high alarm, and deviation low alarm happening. The alarm display can also be turned off by setting parameter AdIS to oFF. If “EErr” is displayed, it means internal self-test error, and the instrument should be sent back for repair.2.2 Parameter Setting Flow Chart①②③④⑤⑥⑦2.3 Operation Description2.3.1 Set Value SettingIn basic display status, if the parameter lock “Loc” isn't locked, we can set setpoint (SV) by pressingPressmodify. Keep The range of setpoint is between the parameter SPL and SPH.2.3.2 Parameter Settingand hold for about 2 seconds can access Field Parameter Table.go to the next parameter; pressing can modify a parameter. can return to the(don't release) and then press key simultaneously can escape from the parameter table. The instrument will escape auomatically from the parameter table if no key is pressed within 25 seconds, and the change of the last parameter will not be saved.can access System Parameter Table.2.3.3 Setpoint / Output Value Switchoutput value. If the instrument is in manual operating mode, when the lower display window is switched to setpoint display, it will auto return to output value display after a period of time.2.3.4 Auto / Manula Control Mode Switchmanual control. If the instrument is in manual control mode and the lower display window is displaying output value, theoutput value can be modified by pressing By setting M-A parameter, the instrument can be fixed at auto or manual control mode, and avoid mistaken switch.2.3.5 Auto TuningWhen artificial intelligence PID control or standard PID control is chosen (CtrL=APId or nPId), the PID parameters canbe obtained by running auto-tuning. for 2 seconds, the “At” parameter will appear.Pressauto tuning, “At” will flash at lower display window and the instrument executes on-off control. After 2 cycles of on-off action, the instrument will obtain the values of PID control parameters. If you want to escape from auto tuning status,for about 2 seconds until the "At" parameter appears again. Change “At” from “on” to “oFF”, pressrecommended to be “FoFF” which prevents activating auto tuning in basic display status.Note 1: AI-519 instruments apply the advanced artificial intelligence algorithm, which has avoided the overshoot problem of standard PID algorithm, and achieve precise control.Note 2: If the setpoint is different, the parameters obtained from auto-tuning are possibly different. So you’d better set setpoint to an often-used value or middle value first, and then start auto-tuning. For the ovens with good heat preservation, the setpoint can be set to the highest applicable temperature. It is forbidden to change SV during auto tuning. Depending on the system, the auto-tuning time can be from several seconds to several hours.Note 3: Parameter CHYS (on-off differential, control hysteresis) has influence on the accuracy of auto-tuning.Generally, the smaller the value of CHYS, the higher the precision of auto tuning. But the value of CHYS parameter should be large enough to prevent the instrument from error action around setpoint due to the oscillation of input. CHYS is recommended to be 2.0.Note 4: In a heating/refrigerating dual output system, auto tuning should be executed at the main output (OUTP).Note 5: AI series instrument has the function of self-adaptation. It is able to learn the process while working.The control effect at the first run after auto tuning is probably not perfect, but excellent control result will be obtained after a period of time because of self-adaptation.3. PARAMETERS AND SETTINGS3.1 Parameter Lock (Loc) and Field ParametersIn order to protect important parameters from being modified by mistake, but also offer enough flexibility for field control, parameter lock (Loc) and field parameters are introduced.The parameters need to be displayed and modified in the work field are called Field Parameters. The set of field parameters is a subset of the whole parameter set, and can be freely chosen by user.Loc can authorize different security right as below:Loc=0～1, allowed to modify field parameters and setpoint, and execute auto tuning;Loc=2, allowed to modify field parameters, but can’t modify setpoint.Loc=3～255: can only modify “Loc”confirm, can enter the whole parameter table and modify all parameters.1 to 8 field parameters can be defined by parameters EP1to EP8. If the number of the field parameters is less than 8, the first idle EP parameter should be set to “nonE”. The initial values of EPs and Loc are EP1=HIAL, EP2=LoAL, EP3=HdAL, EP4=LdAL, EP5=nonE, EP6=nonE, EP7=nonE, EP8=nonE and Loc=0.You can redefine field parameters and Loc to change operation style. For example, you can execute auto tuning fromThe EP paramters and Loc should be set as below:EP1=HIAL, EP2=HdAL, EP3=At, EP4=nonE, Loc=0, At=FoFF3.2 The Entire Parameter TableThe parameters can be divided to 8 groups including alarm, control, input, output, communication, system, setpoint and field parameter definition. They are listed as below in sequence:Code Name Description Setting RangeHIAL High limitalarmAlarm on when PV (Process Value) >HIAL; alarm off when PV<HIAL-AHYSAlarm output action can be defined by parameter AOP.LoAL Low limit alarm Alarm on when PV<LoAL; alarm off when PV>LoAL+AHYSHdAL Deviation highalarmAlarm on when PV-SV>HdAL; alarm off when PV-SV<HdAL-AHYSLdAL Deviation lowalarmAlarm on when PV-SV<LdAL; alarm off when PV-SV>LdAL+AHYSHdAL and LdAL can also be used as high limit and low limit alarms when needed.(Refer to the description of parameter AF)-9990～+30000unitsAHYS AlarmhysteresisAvoid frequent alarm on-off action because of the fluctuation of PV0～2000unitsAdIS Alarm display oFF : don’t display AdIS in the lower display window when alarming;on : alternately display AdIS in the lower display window when alarming.oFFonAOP Alarm outputallocationFrom right side to left side, the first, second, third and fourth digit of AOP individuallyindicate the alarm output terminal of HIAL, LoAL, HdAL, and LdAL. 0 shows nooutput. 1,2,3 or 4 indicates alarm outputted to AL1, AL2, AU1 or AU2. For example,AOP = 3 3 0 1LoAL HdAL LoAL HIALIt shows that HIAL is sent to AL1, LoAL has no output, HdAL and LdAL are sent toAU1.Note 1: When AUX is used as auxiliary output in bidirectional (heating/refrigerating)control, alarm to AU1 and Au2 won’t work.Note 2: Installing L5 dual relay output module in ALM or AUX can implement AL2 orAU2 alarm.0～4444CtrL Control mode onoF: on-off control. For situation not requiring high precision;APId: advanced artificial intelligence PID control. RecommendednPId: standard PID algorithm with anti–integral-saturation function (no integral whenPV-SV > proportional band);POP: output PV. The instrument works as a temperature retransmitter.onoFAPIdnPIdPOPSOP。
AI 系列真彩人机界面测控系统 AI-2070S C 2010C 分体式无纸记录仪 说明书
第二章、AI 系列 S 型分体式无纸记录仪应用
2.1 安装 AI 系列分体式无纸记录仪
AI 系列分体式无纸记录仪是采用上位机（触摸屏）与下位机（AI 模块仪表，显示控制仪表参考 AI 产 品说明书）总线连接，按地址排列，每台 AI 仪表相互独立运行显示、互不干扰，通电就能显示操作；每 台记录仪可选择 2、4、6、8、12、18、24、36 通道软件；选型请看【第四章】选型规则：AI-2070S/C （7 寸屏） ；AI-2010C（10.4 寸屏） ； 触摸屏 COM1 通讯口采用 【超 5 类屏蔽双绞线】 ， AI 系列分体式无纸记录仪采用盘面或导轨安装方式； 9 针插头 5 根出线，线色是：RS485 通讯 2 根线来连接 AI 仪表的通讯口【A 绿 / B 绿白】端；另外 3 根 连接 232 通讯【RXD-2 黄；TXD-3 黄白；GND-5 蓝】 ，焊接 RS232 插座 2、3、5 端连接微型打印机；C 型多功能机接 RS485 转换器可连接 RS485 设备如 PLC 的 RS485，实现可连接 2 个 RS485 设备；安装 开关电源直流 24VDC，电源线+、-两根线、接地线。 AI 系列分体式无纸记录仪架构图
2.5 A【START】按键：选【仪表屏】全屏显示数据； “点击”数据显示出现【单条曲线】窗口，当仪表 型号设置为非程序型智能调节器时，如 AI－518/708， “点击” 【SV】 “②”处可设置仪表给定值；
3
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当仪表型号设置为 AI-808/808P/519/719/719P 带手自动切换的型号时“点击” 【MV】 “①”出现【手动/自 动切换】窗口； “点击” 【自动/手动】操作平台可进行【手/自动切换】 ；当仪表型号设置 518P/708P/808P 程 序型仪表时， “点击” 【SV】 “②”出现程序的控制窗口，在程序控制子窗口中“点击”相应的功能键可对仪 表进行“运行 RUN”“停止 STOP”“暂停 HOLD”“点击” ， 、 ， 【program setting】 “③”出现程序画面，进 入【编程设置控制平台】 ；所示的编程界面；程序编排平台用组别配方来设置程序段【C01】和【T01】表示， 要查看仪表内程序段时点击【program Upload】上载查看仪表内程序段参数，程序上载及时载时和仪表设置 中参数上载及下载一样，也会提示相应信息；修改程序后点击【program Download】下载修改的程序段参 数，点击“④”处可修改当前运行的程序段；当下位仪表产生报警时在 YUDIAN 处以跑马灯的形式提示相 应的报警信息如“通道 1 上限报警产生”结束后自动关闭提示，相应的报警限值会被记录。 8、10….36 通道的设置在【仪表设置】中，点击【FUNC】进入设置 SV 及程序编排窗口。
宇电AI-519型人工智能温度控制器 S081-04中文说明书
AI-519型人工智能温度控制器使用说明书(V7.5)S081-04目 录1 概述 (1)1.1 主要特点 (1)1.2 型号定义 (2)1.3 技术规格 (7)1.4 接线方法 (9)2 显示及操作 (15)2.1 面板说明 (15)2.2 D7/E7导轨表面板说明 (16)2.3 参数设置流程 (16)2.4 操作方法 (18)3 参数功能 (20)3.1参数锁与现场参数 (20)3.2完整参数表 (21)1 概述1.1 主要特点●输入可自由选择热电偶、热电阻、电压及电流，内含非线性校正表格，无需校正，测量精确稳定。
●采用先进的AI人工智能PID调节算法，无超调，具备自整定（AT）功能。
●具备手动/自动无扰动切换功能及上电软启动功能。
●采用宇电公司新一代0.2%高精度电流输出模块X3/X5，大大提高了变送及调节输出精度。
●采用先进的模块化结构，提供丰富的输出规格，能广泛满足各种应用场合的需要，交货迅速且维护方便。
●人性化设计的操作方法，易学易用；并允许编辑现场参数及自设定密码，“定制”自己的仪表。
●全球通用的100~240VAC输入范围开关电源或24VDC电源供电，多种面板外型尺寸，具备50Hz/60Hz电源频率及℃/℉单位选择功能。
●“发烧”级硬件设计，大量采用钽电容或陶瓷电容替代电解电容，具备比同级产品更低的电源消耗、更高的可靠性、稳定性及更宽广的温度使用范围；其电源及I/O端子均通过4KV/5KHz的群脉冲抗干扰实验测试。
●通过ISO9001质量认证和CE认证，在质量、抗干扰能力及安全标准方面达到国际水准。
注意事项●仪表在使用前应根据其输入、输出规格及功能要求来正确设置参数。
只有配置好参数的仪表才能投入使用。
1.2 型号定义AI-519仪表硬件采用了先进的模块化设计，具备5个功能模块插座：辅助输入、主输出、报警、辅助输出及通讯。
模块可以与仪表一起购买也可以分别购买，自由组合。
仪表的输入方式可自由设置为常用各种热电偶、热电阻和线性电压（电流）。
AIP大尺寸触摸通用型温控器 调节器产品说明书
AIP -516/516P/519/526/526P 大尺寸触摸通用型温控器/调节器产品说明书AIP□-516/516P/519/526/526P系列一体屏目录1、产品概述 (1)2、主要技术指标 (2)2.2、显示功能 (2)2.3、存储功能 (2)2.4、仪表输入 (2)2.5、仪表输出 (3)2.6、通讯功能 (3)2.7、控制功能 (3)2.8、综合参数 (3)3、仪表型号定义及模块使用 (4)3.1、型号定义 (4)3.2、模块使用 (5)4、仪表安装 (7)4.1、尺寸图 (7)4.2、安装示意 (7)4.3、挂钩安装示意图 (7)5、仪表接线 (8)5.1、AIP5系列接口形式 (8)5.2、AIP7/AIP9系列接口形式 (8)5.3、AIP5系列接线 (9)5.4、AIP7/AIP9系列接线 (9)6、操作说明 (11)6.1、首次操作说明 (11)6.2、显示画面界面操作说明 (12)6.3、操作画面界面操作说明 (13)6.4、历史趋势界面操作说明 (16)6.5、数据报表界面操作说明 (17)6.6、报警信息界面操作说明 (18)6.7、系统设置界面操作说明 (19)7、扩展应用 (21)7.1、扩展说明 (21)8、附录 (22)8.1、系统参数说明 (22)8.2、特殊功能补充说明 (40)8.3、程序控制（仅适用AI-516P/526P系列） (40)8.4、自整定操作 (43)8.5、以太网访问（拥有以太网功能的屏具备此功能） (44)●在使用本产品前，请仔细阅读此说明书，正确使用，并妥善保管，以便随时参考。
●本使用说明书仅提供AIP□-516/516P/519/526/526P系列一体屏的规格、功能、安装、操作说明，界面组态等详细资料请登陆宇电官网下载。
●AIP□-516/516P/519/526/526P系列一体屏为开放式结构设计，在安装时需要注意防尘、防潮、避免冲击。
AI 系列人工智能调节器使用说明书(下)
温度变送器/程序发生器功能：若设置CtrL=0而OPt参数（见后文）又将主输出定义为电流输出（OPt=1、2或4分别表示为0~10mA、0~20mA或4~20mA输出），则对于AI-708/808仪表将把PV值变送为电流信号从OUTP位置输出，而对于AI-708P/808P则将把SV值变送为电流信号从OUTP位置输出，成为程序发生器。可以用dIL、dIH参数设置要变送值的下限或上限。新一代X3/X5电流输出模块精度为0.2级，加上测量误差，综合变送精度约0.3~0.4级精度。
P＝1000÷每秒测量值升高值（测量值单位是0.1℃或1个定义单位）
如仪表以100％功率加热并假定没有散热时，电炉每秒升1℃，则：
P＝1000÷10＝100
P值类似PID调节器的比例带，但变化相反。P值越大，比例、微分作用成正比增强，而P值越小，比例、微分作用相应减弱。P参数与积分作用无关。
当CtrL=4时：P参数设置将增大10倍，以上的例子中应设置P=1000。
8 WRe3-WRe2531 0~1V
9 WRe5-WRe2632 0.2~1V
10客户自定义33 1~5V电压输入
12 F2辐射高温温度计34 0~5V电压输入
15 4~20mA（在MIO安装I4）35 -20 ~ +20mV
16 0~20mA（在MIO安装I4）36 -100 ~ +100m V
关于人工智能的研究
关于人工智能的研究1.人工智能的内涵通过对现有文献进行梳理发现，人工智能的内涵至今未有定论，但究其本质而言，人工智能是代理者（机器、算法、系统等）从结构上、功能上和行为上模仿人类智能行为的能力，表现为具有智能行为的机器智能。
其中，结构上的模拟发端于1943年Mc Culloch和Pitts 提出的人工神经细胞模型（M-P 模型），该方法试图建造人工的神经细胞来模拟人类的思维能力，后来逐步演化出人工神经网络（ANN）。
为解决人工神经网络“结构复杂”问题，1956年Mc Carthy、Shannon 和Minsky 等探讨利用电子计算机作为硬件平台，通过软件模拟人类逻辑思维功能，并正式提出人工智能（AI）概念，即人工智能是让机器表现出像人一样的智能行为。
与此同时，从功能上模拟人类智能，产生了人工智能领域第二类方法——基于功能模拟的物理符号系统（Simon，1969；Newell & Simon，1972）。
功能模拟早期主要集中于“逻辑推理机”这一启发程序的研制，后来演变为专家系统（Expert System），早期的显著成就为第一个通过图灵测试的血液感染疾病诊断专家系统（MYCIN）和战胜国际象棋大师的“深兰（Deeper Blue）”专家系统。
而基于行为的模拟起源于控制论动物，即能够模拟动物的某种智能行为的机器动物模型，例如香农研制的“香农老鼠”和瓦尔特研制的“电动乌龟”。
之后，功能模拟进入智能机器人研究阶段，Brooks（1991）等提出“无需知识表示和推理的智能系统”的“行为主义”方法，并成功研发一种新型的机器人，它拥有150多个各种类型的传感器，能够模拟六脚虫的行为方式。
钟义信（2006）提出智能生成的“机制主义”，机制主义是人工智能结构主义、功能主义、行为主义的统一。
综上所述，人工智能是人类制造出的智能，即是代理者（机器、算法、系统等）模仿人类智能行为的能力，表现为具有智能行为的机器智能，包括没有物质形态的基于结构和功能上的模拟以及有物质形态的基于行为上的模拟。
AI系列仪表串行通讯接口协议说明
AIBUS通讯协议说明（V7.0）AIBUS是专门为AI系列显示控制仪表开发的通讯协议，能用简单的指令实现强大的功能，并提供比其它常用协议（如MODBUS）更快的速率（相同波特率下快3-10倍），适合组建较大规模系统。
AIBUS采用了16位的求和校正码，通讯可靠，支持4800、9600、19200等多种波特率，在19200波特率下，上位机访问一台AI-7/8系列高性能仪表的平均时间仅20mS，访问AI-5系列仪表的平均时间为50mS。
仪表允许在一个RS485通讯接口上连接多达80台仪表（为保证通讯可靠，仪表数量大于60台时需要加一个RS485中继器）。
AI系列仪表可以用PC、触摸屏及PLC作为上位机，其软件资源丰富，发展速度极快。
基与PC的上位机软件广泛采用WINDOWS作为操作环境，不仅操作直观方便，而且功能强大。
最新的工业平板触摸屏式PC的应用，更为工业自动化带来新的界面。
这使得AIDCS系统价格大大低于传统DCS系统，而性能及可靠性也具备比传统DCS系统更优越的潜力，V7.X版本AI-7/8系列仪表允许连续写参数，写给定值或输出值，可利用上位机将仪表组成复杂调节系统。
一、接口规格AI系列仪表使用异步串行通讯接口，接口电平符合RS232C或RS485标准中的规定。
数据格式为1个起始位，8位数据，无校验位，1个或2个停止位。
通讯传输数据的波特率可调为4800~19200 bit/S，通常用9600 bit/S，单一通讯口所连接仪表数量大于40台或需要更快刷新率时，推荐用19200bit/S，当通讯距离很长或通讯不可靠常中断时，可选4800bit/S。
AI仪表采用多机通讯协议，采用RS485通讯接口，则可将1~80台的仪表同时连接在一个通讯接口上。
RS485通讯接口通讯距离长达1KM以上（部分实际应用已达3-4KM），只需两根线就能使多台AI仪表与计算机进行通讯，优于RS232通讯接口。
为使用普通个人计算机PC能作上位机，可使用RS232/RS485或USB/RS485型通讯接口转换器，将计算机上的RS232通讯口或USB口转为RS485通讯口。
AI808智能调节器介绍
AI808智能调节器介绍一面板说明及操作说明1调节器输出指示 2报警1指示 3报警2指示 4AUX辅助接口工作指示 5显示转换〔兼参数设置进入〕 6数据移位〔兼手动/自动切换及程序设置进入〕 7数据减少键 8数据增加键 9光柱〔没选构件〕 10给定值显示窗 11测量值显示窗1、根本使用操作〔1〕显示切换：按键。
〔2〕修改数据：需要设置给定值时，可通过按、或键来修改给定值。
AI仪表同时具备数据快速增减法和小数点移位法。
按键减小数据，按键增加数据，可修改数值位的小数点同时闪动〔如同光标〕。
按键并保持不放，可以快速地增加/减少数值，并且速度会随小数点会右移自动加快〔3级速度〕。
而按键那么可直接移动修改数据的位置〔光标〕，操作快捷。
〔3〕手动/自动切换：按A/M键〔即键〕，可以使仪表在自动及手动两种状态下进展无扰动切换。
在手动状态下，直接按键或键可增加及减少手动输出值。
通过对run参数设置〔详见后文〕，也可使仪表不允许由面板按键操作来切换至手动状态，以防止误入手动状态。
〔4〕设置参数：按键并保持约2秒钟，即进入参数设置状态。
在参数设置状态下按键，仪表将依次显示各参数，例如上限报警值HIAL 、参数锁Loc等等，对于配置好并锁上参数锁的仪表，只出现操作工需要用到的参数〔现场参数〕。
用、、等键可修改参数值。
按键并保持不放，可返回显示上一参数。
先按键不放接着再按键可退出设置参数状态。
如果没有按键操作，约30秒钟后会自动退出设置参数状态。
如果参数被锁上〔后文介绍〕，那么只能显示被EP参数定义的现场参数〔可由用户定义的，工作现场经常需要使用的参数及程序〕，而无法看到其它的参数。
不过，至少能看到Loc参数显示出来。
2、AI 人工智能调节及自整定(AT)操作AI人工智能调节算法是采用模糊规那么进展PID调节的一种新型算法，在误差大时，运用模糊算法进展调节，以消除PID饱和积分现象，当误差趋小时，采用改良后的PID 算法进展调节，并能在调节中自动学习和记忆被控对象的局部特征以使效果最优化。
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使用说明书（V7.5）目录1 概述 (2)1.1 主要特点 (2)1.2 型号定义 (3)1.3 技术规格 (8)1.4 接线方法 (10)2 显示及操作 (14)2.1 面板说明 (14)2.2 参数设置流程 (15)2.3 操作方法 (16)3 参数功能 (18)3.1参数锁与现场参数 (18)3.2完整参数表 (19)1 概述1.1 主要特点●输入可自由选择热电偶、热电阻、电压及电流，内含非线性校正表格，无需校正，测量精确稳定。
●采用先进的AI人工智能PID调节算法，无超调，具备自整定（AT）功能。
●具备手动/自动无扰动切换功能及上电软启动功能。
●采用宇电公司新一代0.2%高精度电流输出模块X3/X5，大大提高了变送及调节输出精度。
●采用先进的模块化结构，提供丰富的输出规格，能广泛满足各种应用场合的需要，交货迅速且维护方便。
●人性化设计的操作方法，易学易用；并允许编辑现场参数及自设定密码，“定制”自己的仪表。
●全球通用的100~240VAC输入范围开关电源或24VDC电源供电，多种面板外型尺寸，具备50Hz/60Hz电源频率及℃/℉单位选择功能。
●“发烧”级硬件设计，大量采用钽电容或陶瓷电容替代电解电容，具备比同级产品更低的电源消耗、更高的可靠性、稳定性及更宽广的温度使用范围；其电源及I/O端子均通过4KV/5KHz的群脉冲抗干扰实验测试。
●通过ISO9001质量认证和CE认证，在质量、抗干扰能力及安全标准方面达到国际水准。
注意事项●仪表在使用前应根据其输入、输出规格及功能要求来正确设置参数。
只有配置好参数的仪表才能投入使用。
1.2 型号定义AI-519仪表硬件采用了先进的模块化设计，具备5个功能模块插座：辅助输入、主输出、报警、辅助输出及通讯。
模块可以与仪表一起购买也可以分别购买，自由组合。
仪表的输入方式可自由设置为常用各种热电偶、热电阻和线性电压（电流）。
AI-519型仪表型号共由8部分组成，例如：AI－519 A N X3 L5 N S4 — 24VDC①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧这表示一台仪表：①基本功能为AI-519型；②面板尺寸为A型（96×96mm）；③辅助输入（MIO）没有安装模块；④主输出（OUTP）安装X3线性电流输出模块；⑤报警（ALM）安装L5双路继电器触点输出模块；⑥辅助输出（AUX）没有安装模块；⑦通讯（COMM）装有自带隔离电源的光电隔离型RS485通讯接口S4；⑧仪表供电电源为24VDC电源。
仪表型号中8个部分的含义如下：①表示仪表基本功能AI-519 经济型人工智能调节器，0.3级精度，AI人工智能调节技术，带手动/自动无扰动切换功能②表示仪表面板尺寸规格A（A2带25段4级亮度光柱）面板96×96mm，开口92×92mm，插入深度为100mmB 面板160×80mm（宽×高），横式，开口152×76mm，插入深度为100mmC （C3带50段2级亮度光柱）面板80×160mm（宽×高），竖式，开口76×152mm，插入深度为100mmD 面板72×72mm，开口68×68mm，插入深度为95mmD2 面板48×48mm，开口45×45mm，插入深度为95mmE 面板48×96mm（宽×高），开口45×92mm，插入深度为100mmF 面板96×48mm（宽×高），开口92×45mm，插入深度为100mm③表示仪表辅助输入（MIO）安装的模块，N表示没有安装，下同I2 单路开关量输入模块，可在外部连接一开关，开关断开时给定值SV=SP1，开关闭合时SV=SP2I4 可扩充0~20mA或4~20mA电流信号输入，并且内置24VDC电源输出，可直接连接二线制变送器V24／12／V10 分别为24V、12V及10VDC电源输出模块，最大输出电流50mA，可供外部传感器等使用④表示仪表主输出（OUTP）安装的模块，用于仪表调节输出或SV/PV的变送输出L1 单路继电器输出模块，250VAC/2A，采用优质国产继电器L2 小体积单路继电器输出模块，250VAC/1A，采用进口品牌继电器L4 单路继电器输出模块，250VAC/2A，采用进口品牌继电器K1 “烧不坏”单路可控硅过零触发输出模块，可触发5~500A双向或二个反并联的单向可控硅K3 “烧不坏”三路可控硅过零触发输出模块，每路可触发5~500A双向或二个反并联的单向可控硅K5 “烧不坏”单路可控硅移相触发输出模块，适合200~240VAC电网K6 “烧不坏”单相可控硅移相触发输出模块，在380VAC下为非标使用X3 光电隔离型线性电流输出模块，支持0~20mA及4~20mA输出，占用仪表内部12VDC电源X5 自带隔离电源的光电隔离型线性电流输出模块，支持0~20mA及4~20mA输出，不占用仪表内部12VDC电源W1 可控硅无触点常开式开关输出模块，容量为100~240VAC/0.2A，具备“烧不坏”特点W2 可控硅无触点常闭式开关输出模块，容量为100~240VAC/0.2A，具备“烧不坏”特点G 固态继电器（SSR）电压输出模块，规格为12VDC/30mA⑤表示仪表报警（ALM）安装的模块（用于仪表AL1及AL2报警输出）L1／L2／L4 单路继电器输出模块，可支持AL1一路报警L5 双路继电器常开触点输出模块，支持AL1及AL2二路报警⑥表示仪表辅助输出（AUX）安装的模块（用于仪表AU1、AU2报警或调节辅助输出）L1／L2／L4 单路继电器输出模块，可支持AU1一路报警或作为加热/冷却输出的辅助输出L5 双路继电器常开触点输出模块，支持AU1及AU2二路报警G 固态继电器（SSR）电压输出模块，规格为12VDC/30mAW1 可控硅无触点常开式开关输出模块，容量为100~240VAC/0.2A，具备“烧不坏”特点W2 可控硅无触点常闭式开关输出模块，容量为100~240VAC/0.2A，具备“烧不坏”特点K1 “烧不坏”单路可控硅过零触发输出模块，可触发5~500A双向或二个反并联的单向可控硅X3 光电隔离型线性电流输出模块，支持0~20mA及4~20mA输出，占用仪表内部12VDC电源X5 自带隔离电源的光电隔离型线性电流输出模块，支持0~20mA及4~20mA输出，不占用仪表内部12VDC电源R 光电隔离的RS232C通讯接口，使用仪表内部12VDC电源⑦表示仪表通讯（COMM）安装的模块S 光电隔离的RS485通讯模块，使用仪表内部12VDC电源S4 光电隔离的RS485通讯接口，自带隔离DC/DC电源转换器，不占用仪表内部电源SL 光电隔离的RS485通讯+单路继电器常开触点输出模块，占用仪表内部12VDC电源（仅D2尺寸仪表使用）⑧表示仪表供电电源：不写表示使用100~240VAC电源，24VDC表示使用20-32VDC或AC电源。
注1：K3模块需要占用OUTP及MIO供2个模块插座位置，OUTP选择安装K3后，MIO位置不能再安装模块。
此时若需要给定值切换功能，可将I2模块安装在COMM位置并设置bAud参数为1，可替换MIO实现该功能。
注2：V24、V10及V12等电源输出类模块通常为外部的传感器、变送器反馈电阻提供电源，除D2尺寸仪表无法安装这种模块外，这种模块可安装在任何模块插座上，但为使接线规范，建议依据模块位置是否空闲依序安装在MIO、AUX和COMM的位置上。
模块更换：模块通常根据用户订货时的要求在仪表交货前就安装好，并正确设置了相应的参数。
如模块损坏或需要变更功能时，用户也可自行更换模块。
更换模块时可将仪表机芯抽出，小心拆下原有模块，再按标示装上新的模块。
如果模块种类改变，常常还需要改变对应参数的设置。
配置多个模块时信号之间电气相互隔离：仪表内部具有1组24VDC和1组12VDC与主线路相互隔离的电源供模块使用，24V电源通常供电压输出类模块使用，如V24/V12/V10（24V/12V/10V电压输出）、I2（开关量输入模块）或I4等模块，12V电源则供输出和通讯模块使用。
由于继电器、可控硅触发输出模块通常自身具备隔离或无需使用隔离电源，而SSR电压输出模块（G模块）一般无需再加额外的隔离，因为通常的SSR本身都具有隔离功能，因此主要考虑通讯接口和电流输出之间的隔离。
S（RS485通讯接口）、R（RS232通讯接口）及X3（线性电流输出）等模块均采用光电隔离技术使其与仪表输入线路相互隔离，但这些模块都需要使用仪表内部提供的12V隔离电源，如果同时安装了上述2个具隔离功能的模块，则这2个模块相互之间不能实现电气隔离，因为它们共用了隔离电源。
为此设计了S4（RS485通讯接口）和X5（线性电流输出）等自带高效率DC/DC电源隔离转换器的模块，不占用仪表内部隔离电源。
例如：在仪表主输出（OUTP）位置安装了X3模块，在通讯接口（COMM）上如果安装S或X3模块，则X3与S或X3两模块之间不能隔离，应改安装S4或X5模块。
可控硅无触点开关模块：W1/W2无触点开关模块可替代以往常用的继电器触点开关输出来控制交流接触器，可大大降低设备的干扰火花等优点，大幅度提高系统的可靠性。
无触点开关的驱动元件是可控硅，所以它只适合控制100-240VAC规格的交流电源，而不能用于控制直流电源。
由于输出端串联了保护器件，其最大持续控制电流为0.2A，瞬间电流则允许2A，可直接驱动220AC，80A以下的交流接触器，但对于更大的负载则需要加中间继电器。
继电器模块：是各种模块中唯一有使用寿命和高度限制的模块，共有L1、L2、L4、L5共4种模块可供选择。
一般调节输出建议采用L1、L4等电流容量较大的大体积模块，其中L4采用进口继电器，体积小容量大但价格高。
L2模块为小体积模块，没有体积限制问题，且具备常开+常闭触点而且均有压敏电阻火花吸收功能，但触点容量小，适合用于报警输出。
L1、L5为大体积、大容量的继电器模块，这种模块在48mm宽度（包括D2、E、F等尺寸）仪表中不能同时在主板即侧板安装，否则会碰到一起，所以其中一面安装L1或L5时，另一面要装输出模块则不能再安装L1或L5模块。
L5为双路继电器模块，可用于2路报警输出，如AL1+AL2等，若不喜欢机械触点或受高度限制无法安装，可改选G5（两路SSR电压输出模块）外接固态继电器（SSR）来驱动负载。
关于校准维护：本仪表是采用自动调零及数字校准技术的免维护型仪表，无需校准维护。
计量检定时若超差，通常对仪表内部进行清洁及干燥即可解决问题，万一干燥和清洁无法恢复精度，应将此仪表视同故障仪表送回厂方检修。