会计英语复习第二章

会计英语第二章

An external transaction is a completed exchange of economic consideration between an organization and one or more outside parties.

An internal transaction is an economic event that has an effect on the accounting equation but does not involve an outside party.

Source document ,also known as business papers, provide evidence of transactions. Examples of source documents include checks, sales invoices , bank statements, purchase orders ,customer bills ,employee earings records, and cash register tapes.

An accounting is a place or location within an accounting system in which the increases and decreases in a specific assets , liability, owner’s equity, revenue or expense are recorded and stored.

Transaction are entered in T accounts as follows:

1、Decreases in an account are entered on one side of the T, and increases are entered on the other side.

2、The account balance is determined by subtracting the total decreases from the total increases .The form of an account , illustrate below ,is known as a T account because of its similarity to the letter T.

Asset accounts carry their balance forward from one period to the next. The left side of asset accounts is used for recording increases and the right side is used for recording decreases. Liability accounts also carry their balances forward from one period to the next. Examples of liability accounts are payables ,Unearned revenues (subscriptions ,rent ,legal fees ), and other liability(wages, taxes , interest). The right side of liability accounts is used for recording increases and naturally the left side is used for recording decreases.

Capital account 实收资本

A capital account is used to record the original investment and any permanent additional increases or increases or decreases in owner’s equity . The right side of capital accounts is used for recording increases and naturally the left side is used for recording decreases. Withdrawals account 提存

Withdrawals are a distribution of earnings rather than an expense. Withdrawals are not recorded in the income statement.

Revenue and expense accounts

The balances in these accounts are not carried forward to the next accounting period. Periodically ,usually at the end of the accounting year ,all revenue and expense account balances are transferred to a summarizing account ,and the accounts are then said to be closed. The balance in the summarizing account , which is the net income or net loss for the period, is then

transferred to the capital account (to the retained earnings account for a corporation), and the summarizing account is also closed. Because of the periodic closing of these accounts, they are sometimes called temporary accounts or nominal accounts. The balance of the accounts reports in the balance sheet are carried forward from year to year and are sometimes referred to as real accounts because of their permanence.

The accounting cycle

Word

Debit 借方

Credit 贷方

Rules of debits and credits 借贷规则

Withdrawals 提存

Nominal account 虚账户

Real account 实账户

Chart of accounts 科目表

General ledger 总分类账

Normal balance 正常余额

Journalizing 记日记账

Compound journal entry 复合分录

General journal 普通日记账

Posting 过账

Accounting cycle 会计循环

Trial balance 试算表

Adjustment 账项调整

Adjusted trial balance 调整后试算表

Closing 结账

Post-closing trial balance 结账后试算表

Voucher 记账凭证

Financial leverage 财务杠杆