Course for IELTS Vocabular2
英语二204参考书目
英语二204参考书目参考书目：1. "English Grammar in Use" by Raymond Murphy2. "Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS" by Pauline Cullen3. "Academic Writing for Graduate Students" by John M. Swales and Christine Feak4. "Essential Idioms in English" by Robert J. Dixson5. "The Official Cambridge Guide to IELTS" by Pauline Cullen, Amanda French, and Vanessa Jakeman6. "English for Academic Study: Reading" by John Slaght7. "Oxford English Grammar Course: Intermediate" by Michael Swan and Catherine Walter8. "Cambridge Academic English: An Integrated Skills Course for EAP" by Martin Hewings and Craig Thaine9. "IELTS Trainer 2" by Cambridge English10. "English Pronunciation in Use" by Mark Hancock以上是英语二204的参考书目。
这些书籍是专门为学生学习英语作为第二语言而设计的，涵盖了各个方面的英语技能和知识。
剑桥雅思IELTS第二篇大作文task 2 讲义
如何通过有效审题来提高写作速度！关于审题1. 30s 读懂题目生词: 现场—猜在家—通读机经2. 1m 判断题型—回忆结构—预计文章body段篇幅3. 3m-8m 列出body段的提纲(points/ideas)列出—筛选—对于驳论文决定立场—重新排序Brainstorming: 越多越好筛选: 没有词汇支持、很难讲清楚的、论证力度较弱的选择立场: 论据充分，容易写重新排序: 分段At home VS nursing house优点1. 与家人情感交流1. friends: topic & interest2. 方便照顾2. pro. Medical care→ Customized emergency3. 尽孝道→责任义务3. colorful life→ 单身4. share house work 4. we won’t be distracted→ adult children can 同左focus on career反方缺点5. 右边费用高5.子女工作忙，在家孤独服务不好排序1. pro medical care→ healthproblem→ facility+equipment+staff→ care→emergency→quicklyrespond→ accident/tragedy2. adult children don’t need to worryabout…→ focus on career3. friends+activity→ peers→ share same topic and interest→ psychological problems can be avoided. → children have little time→ job to dobody段1示范Most obviously and importantly, aged parents can be well tended in nursing houses. As is known to all, old people, usually suffering from the pain of diseases or the potential health hazards, can receive professional care in nursing houses, where first-class medical facilities are equipped and experienced staff are always available. Furthermore, when emergency happens, nursing houses will definitely responde more promptly than children who are not likely to be with their parents all the time, and for this reason, accidents and tradegy can be avoided. At a deeper level, adults don’t have to be distracted to worry about their parents, so they can better focus on their career, which benefits the society to some extent.Admittedly, staying in home and being taken care of by their own children can give old people a stronger sense of family bound. However, for most people, nursing houses offer more advantages and minimize the possible risks. Therefore, …重申立场Some people think that the use of aircraft is not practical and causes many problems thus should be reduced. Do you agree or disagree?***驳论文段落结构1. 开头段: 话题引入(背景句)+考题观点改写+ 本人立场中立--清晰写明2. body段(2-3paras): 支持/反对的原因3. 让步:(反方观点的理由) (yes and no 中立时应该和正面篇幅相当)4. 结尾段: 重申立场（yes or no/ A or B 可以和让步合并在一段）Some people think that the use of aircraft is not practical and causes many problems thus should be reduced. Do you agree or disagree?I. 开头段A: 背景句思路—话题引出Tips:1. 逻辑完整2. 可以借助功能句: 内容决定语言Nowadays, …are playing increasingly ***part/role in /when…⏹ In the present days, with the development of （thanks to ***）…, *** is becoming more and more *** …⏹ Today the way we do ……is heavily influenced by XXXX.⏹ Recent years has witnessed the great development/changes of XXX.3. 开头句思路从论据联想(把正文中可能不需要详细拓展的论据，写在开头段)4. 名人名言，举例，报道，新闻，故事。
雅思test 2(1)
启德教育（上海）雅思IELTS入学测试卷（二）—词汇语法阅读写作—学员姓名__________________________课程顾问__________________________学习顾问__________________________测试日期__________________________测试成绩__________________________推荐课程__________________________备注：本测试卷规定时长为1个小时Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.1.The developers……………..a school on the new housing estate.A buildB buildingC builtD built up2.This machine performs the same………………as a washing machine but on a much larger scale.A functionB frameC featureD form3.The Internet allows us to………………enormous amounts of information without leaving the house.A accessB acceptC scrollD supply4.My new fridge has a little screen on the outside that . ..........the internal and external temperature.A devisesB designsC displaysD discovers5.Many jobs are at…………..if the current financial climate continues.A dangerB riskC dangerousD threat6.Cleaning detergent is a common household .................. t hat can be found in our waterways.A pollutionB pollutantC polluterD polluted7.It is difficult to quantify the……………….that household waste has on the environment.A affectB effortC impactD implication8.Every household should be more ca reful in the way that they………….of waste.A disposeB disposalC eliminateD throw9.The government have…………to fine anyone who pollutes the river.A endangeredB riskedC preventedD threatened10.After a few hours of discussion we finally reac hed a…………………….A compromiseB promiseC situationD solutionChoose the correct letter A, B or C.1.I.............................want to be a practising doctor but now Pm more interested in research.A was used toB used toC would2.The how to do the experiment when the fire bell rang.A showedB shownC was showing3....................................the doctor at 2.00 this afterno on so I can’t go to the lecture.A I'm seeingB I seeC I will see4.I don’t know whether to accept the job offer. It’s......................................A a difficult decisionB the difficult decisionC difficult decision5.For those of you new to the company, this leaflet is full of..........................A a valuable informationB the valuable informationC valuable information6.The manager interviewed.....................candidates in turn.A each of theB eachC every7.There were millions of people around the world...................the football match live on television.A watchedB watchingC were watching8.What will you do if............................................A you don’t get a good IELTS score?B you didn’t get a good IELTS score?C you won’t get a good IELTS score?9.Many children these days do not have a healthy diet. ...................is possible that this is because less healthyfoods are cheaper than healthy ones.A WhatB ThatC It10...............................I can’t go to the conference as I've got to go to Sydney on business.A FranklyB UnfortunatelyC PersonallyReading Passage 1Changing our Understanding of HealthAThe concept of health holds different meanings for different people and groups. These meanings of health have also changed over time. This change is no more evident than in Western society today, when notions of health and health promotion are being challenged and expanded in new ways.BFor much of recent Western history, health has been viewed in the physical sense only. That is, good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of the body, while ill health has been attributed to a breakdown in this machine. Health in this sense has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is seen in medical terms. According to this view, creating health for people means providing medical care to treat or prevent disease and illness. During this period, there was an emphasis on providing clean water, improved sanitation and housing.CIn the late 1940s the World Health Organisation challenged this physically and medically oriented view of health. They stated that "health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and is not merely the absence of disease" (WHO, 1946). Health and the person were seen more holistically (mind/body/spirit) and not just in physical terms.DThe 1970s was a time of focusing on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasising the importance of the lifestyle and behaviour of the individual. Specific behaviours which were seen to increase risk of disease, such as smoking, lack of fitness and unhealthy eating habits, were targeted. Creating health meant providing not only medical health care, but health promotion programs and policies which would help people maintain healthy behaviours and lifestyles. While this individualistic healthy lifestyles approach to health worked for some (the wealthy members of society), people experiencing poverty, unemployment, underemployment or little control over the conditions of their daily lives benefited little from this approach. This was largely because both the healthy lifestyles approach and the medical approach to health largely ignored the social and environmental conditions affecting the health of people.EDuring the 1980s and 1990s there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle risks as the root cause of poor health. While lifestyle factors still remain important, health is being viewed also in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live. This broad approach to health is called the socio-ecological view of health. The broad socio-ecological view of health was endorsed at the first International Conference of Health Promotion held in 1986, Ottawa, Canada, where people from 38 countries agreed and declared that:"The fundamental conditions and resources for health are peace, shelter, education, food, a viable income,a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice and equity. Improvement in health requires asecure foundation in these basic requirements."(WHO, 1986)It is clear from this statement that the creation of health is about much more than encouraging healthy individual behaviours and lifestyles and providing appropriate medical care. Therefore, the creation of health must include addressing issues such as poverty, pollution, urbanisation, natural resource depletion, social alienation and poor working conditions. The social, economic and environmental contexts which contribute to the creation of heath do not operate separately or independently of each other. Rather, they are interacting and interdependent, and it is the complex interrelationships between them which determine the conditions that promote health. A broad socio-ecological view of health suggests that the promotion of health must include a strong social, economic and environmental focus.FAt the Ottawa Conference in 1986, a charter was developed which outlined new directions for health promotion based on the socio-ecological view of health. This charter, known as the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, remains as the backbone of health action today. In exploring the scope of health promotion it states that:Good health is a major resource for social, economic and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life. Political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioural and biological factors can all favour health or be harmful to it. (WHO, 1986)The Ottawa Charter brings practical meaning and action to this broad notion of health promotion. It presents fundamental strategies and approaches in achieving health for all. The overall philosophy of health promotion which guides these fundamental strategies and approaches is one of "enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health" (WHO, 1986).Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.1.In which year did the World Health Organisation define health in terms of mental, physical and socialwell-being?______________________________________________________________________________________2.During which decade were lifestyle risks seen as the major contributors to poor health?______________________________________________________________________________________ the three broad areas which relate to people's health, according to the socio-ecological view of health.______________________________________________________________________________________Reading Passage 2Questions 4– 8Reading Passage 2 has six sections, A-F.Choose the correct heading for sections A-D and F from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-ix in boxes 4-8.4.Section A ______5.Section B ______6.Section C ______7.Section D ______ExampleSection EVi 8.Section F ______Section AThe role of governments in environmental management is difficult but inescapable. Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resources it owns, and does so badly. Often, however, governments act in an even more harmful way. They actually subsidise the exploitation and consumption of natural resources. A whole range of policies, from farm-price support to protection for coal-mining, do environmental damage and (often) make no economic sense. Scrapping them offers a two-fold bonus: a cleanerenvironment and a more efficient economy. Growth and environmentalism can actually go hand in hand, if politicians have the courage to confront the vested interest that subsidies create.Section BNo activity affects more of the earth's surface than farming. It shapes a third of the planet's land area, notcounting Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food output per head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980s mainly as a result of increases in yields from land already in cultivation, but also because more land has been brought under the plough. Higher yields have been achieved by increased irrigation, better crop breeding, and a doubling in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilisers in the 1970s and 1980s.Section CAll these activities may have damaging environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agriculture is the largest single cause of deforestation; chemical fertilisers and pesticides may contaminate water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods tend to exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, where the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate likely to diminish the soil's productivity. The country subsequently embarked upon a program to convert 11 per cent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is vanishing much faster than in America.Section DGovernment policies have frequently compounded the environmental damage that farming can cause. In the rich countries, subsidies for growing crops and price supports for farm output drive up the price of land. The annual value of these subsidies is immense: about $250 billion, or more than all World Bank lending in the 1980s. To increase the output of crops per acre, a farmer's easiest option is to use more of the most readily available inputs: fertilisers and pesticides. Fertiliser use doubled in Denmark in the period 1960-1985 and increased in The Netherlands by 150 per cent. The quantity of pesticides applied has risen too: by 69 per cent in 1975-1984 in Denmark, for example, with a rise of 115 per cent in the frequency of application in the three years from 1981.In the late 1980s and early 1990s some efforts were made to reduce farm subsidies. The most dramatic example was that of New Zealand, which scrapped most farm support in 1984. A study of the environmental effects, conducted in 1993, found that the end of fertiliser subsidies had been followed by a fall in fertiliser use (a fall compounded by the decline in world commodity prices, which cut farm incomes). The removal of subsidies also stopped land-clearing and over-stocking, which in the past had been the principal causes of erosion. Farms began to diversify. The one kind of subsidy whose removal appeared to have been bad for the environment was the subsidy to manage soil erosion. Academic Reading sample task – Matching headingsIn less enlightened countries, and in the European Union, the trend has been to reduce rather than eliminate subsidies, and to introduce new payments to encourage farmers to treat their land in environmentally friendlier ways, or to leave it fallow. It may sound strange but such payments need to be higher than the existing incentives for farmers to grow food crops. Farmers, however, dislike being paid to do nothing. In several countries they have become interested in the possibility of using fuel produced from crop residues either as a replacement for petrol (as ethanol) or as fuel for power stations (as biomass). Such fuels produce far less carbon dioxide than coal or oil, and absorb carbon dioxide as they grow. They are therefore less likely to contribute to the greenhouse effect. But they are rarely competitive with fossil fuels unless subsidised - and growing them does no less environmental harm than other crops.Section EIn poor countries, governments aggravate other sorts of damage. Subsidies for pesticides and artificial fertilisers encourage farmers to use greater quantities than are needed to get the highest economic crop yield. A study by the International Rice Research Institute of pesticide use by farmers in South East Asia found that, with pest-resistant varieties of rice, even moderate applications of pesticide frequently cost farmers more than they saved. Such waste puts farmers on a chemical treadmill: bugs and weeds become resistant to poisons, so next year's poisons must be more lethal. One cost is to human health. Every year some 10,000 people die from pesticide poisoning, almost all of them in the developing countries, and another 400,000 become seriously ill. As for artificial fertilisers, their use world-wide increased by 40 per cent per unit of farmed land between the mid 1970s and late 1980s, mostly in the developing countries. Overuse of fertilisers may cause farmers to stop rotating crops or leaving their land fallow. That, in turn, may make soil erosion worse.Section FA result of the Uruguay Round of world trade negotiations is likely to be a reduction of 36 per cent in the average levels of farm subsidies paid by the rich countries in 1986-1990. Some of the world's food production will move from Western Europe to regions where subsidies are lower or non-existent, such as the former communist countries and parts of the developing world. Some environmentalists worry about this outcome. It will undoubtedly mean more pressure to convert natural habitat into farmland. But it will also have many desirable environmental effects. The intensity of farming in the rich world should decline, and the use of chemical inputs will diminish. Crops are more likely to be grown in the environments to which they are naturally suited. And more farmers in poor countries will have the money and the incentive to manage their land in ways that are sustainable in the long run. That is important. To feed an increasingly hungry world, farmers need every incentive to use their soil and water effectively and efficiently.Reading Passage 3[Note: This is an extract from an Academic Reading passage on the development of rockets. The text preceding this extract explored the slow development of the rocket and explained the principle of propulsion.]The invention of rockets is linked inextricably with the invention of 'black powder'. Most historians of technology credit the Chinese with its discovery. They base their belief on studies of Chinese writings or on the notebooks of early Europeans who settled in or made long visits to China to study its history and civilisation. It is probable that, some time in the tenth century, black powder was first compounded from its basic ingredients of saltpetre, charcoal and sulphur. But this does not mean that it was immediately used to propel rockets. By the thirteenth century, powder-propelled fire arrows had become rather common. The Chinese relied on this type of technological development to produce incendiary projectiles of many sorts, explosive grenades and possibly cannons to repel their enemies. One such weapon was the 'basket of fire' or, as directly translated from Chinese, the 'arrows like flying leopards'. The 0.7 metre-long arrows, each with a long tube of gunpowder attached near the point of each arrow, could be fired from a long, octagonal-shaped basket at the same time and had a range of 400 paces. Another weapon was the 'arrow as a flying sabre', which could be fired from crossbows. The rocket, placed in a similar position to other rocket-propelled arrows, was designed to increase the range. A smalliron weight was attached to the 1.5m bamboo shaft, just below the feathers, to increase the arrow's stability by moving the centre of gravity to a position below the rocket. At a similar time, the Arabs had developed the 'egg which moves and burns'. This 'egg' was apparently full of gunpowder and stabilised by a 1.5m tail. It was fired using two rockets attached to either side of this tail.It was not until the eighteenth century that Europe became seriously interested in the possibilities of using the rocket itself as a weapon of war and not just to propel other weapons. Prior to this, rockets were used only in pyrotechnic displays. The incentive for the more aggressive use of rockets came not from within the European continent but from far-away India, whose leaders had built up a corps of rocketeers and used rockets successfully against the British in the late eighteenth century. The Indian rockets used against the British were described by a British Captain serving in India as ‘an iron envelope about 200 millimetres long and 40 millimetres in diameter with sharp points at the top and a 3m-long bamboo guiding stick’. In the early nineteenth century the British began to experiment with incendiary barrage rockets. The British rocket differed from the Indian version in that it was completely encased in a stout, iron cylinder, terminating in a conical head, measuring one metre in diameter and having a stick almost five metres long and constructed in such a way that it could be firmly attached to the body of the rocket. The Americans developed a rocket, complete with its own launcher, to use against the Mexicans in the mid-nineteenth century. A long cylindrical tube was propped up by two sticks and fastened to the top of the launcher, thereby allowing the rockets to be inserted and lit from the other end. However, the results were sometimes not that impressive as the behaviour of the rockets in flight was less than predictable.Questions 9 – 12Look at the following items (Questions 9-12) and the list of groups below. Match each item with the group which first invented or used them. Write the correct letter A-E in boxes 9-12.NB You may use any letter more than once.9.______ black powder10.______ rocket-propelled arrows for fighting11.______ rockets as war weapons12.______ the rocket launcherWriting (30 mins)You should spend about 30 minutes on this task.Write about the following topic:In the past, buildings often reflected the culture of a society but today all modernbuildings look alike and cities throughout the world are becoming more and moresimilar.What do you think is the reason for this, and is it a good thing or a bad thing？Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 180 words.。
vocabulary for ielts 听力
vocabulary for ielts 听力IELTS听力考试中常见的词汇可以分为以下几个类别：主题词汇、表示转折和连接的词汇、表示数字的词汇、表示观点和态度的词汇、表示时间和顺序的词汇、表示强调和解释的词汇。
下面是一些常见的词汇和短语例子：1.主题词汇：- education (教育)- environment (环境)- business (商业)- technology (技术)- health (健康)- travel (旅行)- culture (文化)2.表示转折和连接的词汇：- however (然而)- but (但是)- although (尽管)- moreover (此外)- in addition (另外) 3.表示数字的词汇：- percentage (百分比) - majority (大多数)- minority (少数)- approximately (大约) - nearly (接近)4.表示观点和态度的词汇：- agree (同意)- disagree (不同意)- support (支持)- oppose (反对)- believe (相信)- think (认为)5.表示时间和顺序的词汇：- first (首先)- then (然后)- next (接下来)- finally (最终)- gradually (逐渐地)- recently (最近)6.表示强调和解释的词汇：- importantly (重要的是) - significantly (显著地)- particularly (特别地)- in fact (实际上)- for example (例如)以上仅是一些常见的词汇和短语例子，考生在备考过程中应尽可能积累更多的词汇和短语，以便在听力考试中更好地理解和答题。
同时也要注意词汇的正确运用和搭配，多进行一些听力练习并扩展阅读，加深对这些词汇的理解和记忆。
新概念英语第二册-Lesson
03 learning resource
Textbooks and exercise books
Textbooks
New Concept English Volume 2 includes four textbooks，each containing 12 lessons，covering all the necessary grammar，vocabulary， and reading comprehension skills.
Target audience
Beginner to intermediate learners
The course is suitable for English learners who have a basic understanding of English but want to improve their fluency and accuracy.
调整学习策略
根据学习进度和效果，适 时调整学习策略，如改变 学习方法、增加学习时间 等，以提高学习效果。
Assessment and adjustment of learning outcomes
设定评估标准
明确评估学习成果的标准，如考试成 绩、口语表达能力等，以便对学习成 果进行客观评价。
评估学习成果
建议教师采用更多互动式教学方法， 如小组讨论、角色扮演等，以提高学 生的学习兴趣和参与度。
Teacher feedback
希望老师能及时给予学生反馈，帮助 学生更好地了解自己的学习状况和需 要改进的地方。
Adult learners
The course is particularly suitable for adult learners who have a more mature learning style and are more self-directed in their learning process.
collins vocabulary for ielts
Unit 1 People and relationships V ocabulary 部分1．client n.2．substantial adj.3．fee n.4．in advance 5．professional adj. 6．academic n.7．sex n.8．sibling rivalry 9．inheritance tax 10．spouse n. 11．autonomous adj. 12．consistent adj. 13．contraception n. 14．career n. 15．technological advance 16．flexible adj.17．ideal n. 18．idealistic adj. 19．vulnerable adj.听力部分词汇1.colleague n.2.stand out3.incredibly adv.4.efficient adj.5.achieve v.6.flexible adj.7.employee n.8.ultimately adv.9.rewarding adj.10.trend n.11.concentrate n.12.subject to13.stereotype n.14.tolerant adj.15.co-operative adj.16.autonomy n.17.firstborn n.sting adj.19.psychology n.20.widespread adj.21.status n.22.conscientious adj. 23.trait n.24.agreeable adj.25.extrovert n.26.rebellious adj.27.validity n.28.flawed adj.29.methodology n.30.variable n.31.intuitively adv.Unit 2 HealthV ocabulary 部分1.allergy n.2.rash n.3.dehydration n.4.cholera n.5.admit v.6.discharge v.7.screen for disease8.distemper n.9.disorder n.10.affluence = wealthmunicable adj.12.prosperous adj.13.availability n.14.infectious agent15.exposure n.16.predominantly adv.17.sanitation n.18.malnutrition n.19.underlying adj.20.immunize v.21.incidence n.22.acute adj.23.chronic adj.24.progressive adj.25.cell n.26.resistant toplication n.28.lifespan n.29.diagnosis n.30.expenditure n.31.annually adv.32.onset n.33.reverse v.34.low-calorie diet35.intake n.36.life expectancyUnit 3 Education1.remain v.2.astronomy n.3.economics n.4.geology n.5.emerge v.6.distinct adj.7.psychology n.8.sociology n.9.treatise n.10.religion n.11.vaccine n.12.conspiracy n13.threaten v.14.reveal v.15.workaholic n.16.obsessive adj.17.obsess v.18.addict v.19.be addicted to20.evaluate v. evaluative adj.21.immune adj.22.hypothesis n.23.formulate v.24.biology n.25.philosophy n. philosopher n.26.inflation n. inflate v.27.endorse v.28.predict v. predictable adj.unpredictable adj.29.prediction n.30.policy n.31.sample n.32.analyze v. analysis n.33.approach n.34.antibody n.35.hypothesize v.36.theory n. theorize v.37.investigate v. investigative adj.38.dimension n.39.generate v.40.claim v.41.academic disciplineCollins V ocabularyUnit 61.amenity n.2.banquet v.muter n.4.congestion n.5.blocked adj.6.resident n.7.immigrant n.8.illegal adj.9.infrastructure n.10.investment n.11.invest in12.inhabitant n.13.inhabit v.14.original adj.15.Neighborhood n.16.bustling adj.17.pioneering adj.18.surgeon n.19.anatomist n.20.historic adj.21.tendency n.22.tend v.23.sprawling adj.24.ranch n.25.neutral adj.26.connotation n.27.simplistic adj.28.novel adj.29.extensive adj.30.affordability n.31.overwhelmingly adv.32.survey n.33.relocate v.34.crime-free adj.35.gallery n.36.prioritize v.37.tranquility n.38.tranquil adj.39.ideal adj.40.inflation n.parison n.42.improvement n. 43.yearn v.44.coin v.munity n.46.attempt v.Unit 7 The art of persuasion1.advocate v.2.conservative n.3.acknowledge v.4.transfer v.5.senator n.6.defendant n.7.innocence n.8.dispute v.9.allegation n.10.imply v.11.criticism n.12.economic adj.13.object v.14.outvote v.15.mayor n.16.validity n.17.debate n.18.intense adj.19.drawback n.20.responsible for21.proof n.22.economist n.23.justify v.24.oppressive adj .25.regime n.26.humanitarian adj.27.inevitably adv.28.response n.29.campaigner n.30.tuition fee31.excessive adj.32.misrepresent v.33.illegal adj.34.incite v.35.hatred n.36.authority n.37.democratic adj.38.hallmark n.39.policy n.40.belatedly adv.Unit 81.current adj.2.affair n.3.recital n.4.amateur n.5.classical adj.6.economist n.7.contemporary adj.8.assemble v.9.attend v.10.funeral n.11.finance n.12.broadcast n.13.establish v.14.observe v.15.detective n.16.rural adj.17.initial adj.18.mobilization n.19.participate in20.resign v.21.spectator n.22.honey n.23.proposal n.24.banking reform25.sector n.26.overdue adj.27.penalty n.28.symphony n.29.band n.30.Unit 9 Global Warming1.condense v.2.vapor n.press v.4.moisture n.5.contract v.6.expel v.7.excess n.8.electrical current9.motor n.10.estimate v.11.approximate adj.12.calculation n.13.currently adv.14.seismology n.15.seismologist n.16.analysis n.17.analyze v.18.accurately adv.19.alleged adj.20.assault v.21.deposit n.22.diagnosis n.23.monitor v.24.carbon dioxide25.outcome n.26.tropical adj.27.waft v.28.drought n.29.famine n.30.glacier n.31.massive adj.32.hurricane n.33.atmospheric adj.34.atmosphere n.35.disturbance n.36.overstate v.37.understate v.38.severe adj.39.flooding n.Unit 10 Revision 147.Circumstance n.48.Ideal n.49.Ridge n.50.Feature n.51.Elevate v.52.Divergent adj.53.Capacity n.54.Ethnic adj.55.Structural factor56.Gravitation n.57.Gravitational adj.58.Encounter n.59.Collision n.60.Inverse adj.61.Itinerary n.62.Alter v.63.Encounter n.64.Quit v.65.Diameter n.66.Oblong adj.67.Coil n.68.Adjust v.69.Secure v.70.Suspend v.71.Bustling adj.72.Justify v.73.Acknowledge v.74.Propose v.75.Imply v.76.Drawback n.77.Diversion n.78.Preceding adj.79.Contemporary adj.80.Attendance n.Unit 111.rectangular adj.2.export n.3.consist of4.flow chart5.sequence n.6.registration n.7.axis n.8.proportion n.9.share n.10.bond n.11.dominant adj.12.dominate v.13.horizontal axis14.vertical axis15.column n.16.key n.17.row n.18.segment n.19.depict v.20.transaction n.21.depict v.22.represent v.23.radiation n.24.Collins VocabUnit 1281.abandon v.82.investor n.83.bankruptcy n.84.adjust v. adjustment n.85.alter v. alteration n.86.genetically adv. gene n.87.decline v.88.output n.89.birth rate/growth rate/divorce rate90.develop v.91.warfare n.92.diminish v.93.modify v. modification n.94.recruitment n. recruit v.95.policy n.96.refine v.97.surgical adj.98.botanist n.99.transform v. transformation n. 100.market economy101.century n.102.drought n.103.generation n.104.playwright n.105.survive v. survival n.lennium n.107.discipline n.108.significant adj.109.social networking site 110.consume v.111.conserve v.112.financial service113.authority figure114.adventurous adj.115.risk n.116.emphasis n.117.originality n.118.previous adj.。
IELTS Writing Task 2
Task 2
In task 2 candidates are presented with a point of
view, argument or problem. They are assessed on their ability to present a solution to the problem, present and justify an opinion, compare and contrast evidence and opinions, evaluate and challenge ideas, evidence or arguments.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Give some suggestions to address this problem.
Sample Question 4
Write about the following topic:
Illiteracy has traditionally been viewed as largely a third world problem. However it is becoming apparent that in countries such as the USA and Australia, illiteracy is on the increase.
IELTS Writing Task 2
The second task is more demanding. You are expected to write on a given topic through organizing
IELTS+Vocabulary+6.5%2B
IELTS V ocabulary 6.5+Unit1 A1.v．放弃、抛弃n.放肆、放纵[phra] 沉溺于……2.缩写，节略、abbr3.n.腹、腹部[phra] 腹肌、abs、six pack4.adj.不正常的、反常的、变态的5.adj.土著的、土著居民的n.土著居民6.n.失败、流产7.n.旷课、旷工8.v.吸收、吸引[phra] 专心于9.adj.完全的、绝对的10.v.摘要、提炼、抽象化n.摘要adj.抽象的[phra] 从……转移开某人的注意[变形] adj.心不在焉的[变形] n.抽象11.v.滥用、虐待n.滥用、辱骂12.adj.学术的、学院的、理论的[phra] 学年[变形] n.研究院、学院13.v.加速、促进[反义] v.减速14.n.重音、口音、重音符15.v.接受、认可、承认16.n.通路、访问、入门[phra] 得以接近/会见/进入/使用17.adj.易接近的、可到达的、易受影响的、可理解的18.n.附件、配件19.n.意外事件、事故20.n.喝彩、欢呼v.欢呼、称赞[同义]v.鼓掌、赞许、赞成21.v.供应、供给、使适应22.n.住处23.v．陪伴、伴随、和……一起发生24.v.完成、达到、实现[变形]n.成就、完成25.n.帐目、理由v.说明、认为[phra] 考虑到、顾及[phra] 由于[变形] 会计学[变形]会计师[phra] 注册会计师26.v.信任、授权、归于27.v.积聚、积累28.n.准确性、正确度[变形] adj.正确的、精确的[变形] adj.错误的、不准确的29.v.控告、谴责[phra] 指控某人犯……罪/错30.v.使习惯于[phra] 习惯于31.n.酸adj.酸的、讽刺、尖刻的[phra] 酸雨32.v.承认（……的权威）、对……表示感谢[变形] n.承认、鸣谢、致谢33.n.相识的人、泛泛之交、所知、了解34.v.获得、学到[变形] n.获得35.v.刺激、使活动、有活力36.n.针灸、中医针灸疗法[变形] v.刺破、刺穿37.adj.敏锐的、深刻的、（疾病）急性的[phra] 急性病[反义phra] 慢性病38．v.使适应，改编39．adj.能适应的，可修改的40．n.适应、改编、改写本41．v.沉溺、上瘾n.入迷的人、有瘾的人[变形]n.沉溺、沉溺42．n.加、增加、加法[反义]n.减法43．n.地址、演讲v.演说44．adv./adj.特别地/的45．adj.适当的、足够的[反义]adj.不充足的46．v.粘附、胶着、坚持[phra]粘附、坚持47．adj.邻近的、毗连的48．v.调节、改变……以适应[phra]适应、调节n.调整、调节49．n.管理、经营50．v.赞美、钦佩、羡慕51．v.容许、承认、接纳[变形]n.承认、入场费、入场卷52．adj.青春期、青春的n.青少年[变形]n.青春期53．v.采取、采用、收养[变形]n.采用、收养54．v.崇拜、爱慕55．n./v.发展、改进、前进、推进[phra]预先、提前56．n./v.冒险[变形]n./v.冒险57．adj.敌对的、不友好的58．v.做广告、登广告[变形]n.广告[变形]adj.广告的n.广告业、广告59．n.守护者、提倡者v.拥护、提倡、主张60．adj.需氧的、有氧气的、有氧健身的61．adj.美学的、审美的、有审美感的62．v.影响、感动63．n.友爱、爱情、慈爱64．v.（使）加入、接受为会员65．v.断言、坚决声称[变形]adj.肯定地、积极的66．adj.富裕的、丰富的、富饶的67．v.提供、给予、供应得起[变形]adj.买得起的68．n.代理处、代理、中介、力量[phra]独家代理[phra]总代理[变形]n.代理人69．n.议事日程70．v.加重、加剧、使恶化[辨析]v./n.合计、总计71．v.搅动、鼓动、煽动72．adj.使愉快的、惬意的73．n.帮助、援助、救助[phra]急救74．adj.空运的、空中的、空气传播的75．adj.密封的、不透气的76．adj.走廊、过道[phra]n.走廊77．n.惊恐、惊慌、警报器78．conj.尽管、即使79．n.炼金术80．n.酒精、酒81．n.（alga的复数）海藻82．n.代数学、代数83．adj.外国的、相异的[辨析]v.使疏远、使不友好、离间84．adj.点亮的、点着的v.下来85．v.断言、宣称86．n.敏感症、过敏87．adj.对……过敏的、对……反感的[phra]对……过敏的88．v.减轻（痛苦等），缓解89．v.分配、配给90．v.（按份额）分配、分派91．n.津贴、补贴、允许量92．adj.多方面的、多才多艺的93．v.吸引、引诱[phra]诱使（某人）离开[phra]把（某人）犹入、骗进94．n.杏仁95．v.改变、更改96．n./adj.两者择一（的）、供选择（的）97．n.海拔、高（度）、深(度)98．n.男毕业生、男校友99．n.女毕业生、女校友100．n.业余爱好者adj.业余（爱好）的、非职业的101．v.使大为惊奇、使惊愕102．adj.令人惊异的Unit2 A1．n.大使、时节2．n.琥珀3．n.龙涎香4．adj.含糊不清的、不明确的[变形]n.模棱两可5．n.雄心、抱负6．adj.有雄心的、野心勃勃的7．v.改善、改良；减轻8．v.修改、修订；改正[记忆]n.改善、改正9．n.宜人、礼仪10．prep.在……中11．adj./n.两栖动物（的），水陆两用（的）12．adj.大量的、充裕的、丰富的、足够的[同义词]adequate, abundant13．v.详述、增强、扩大14．v.使开心、使发笑、给……提供娱乐15．n.麻醉剂adj.麻醉的16．n.比拟、类比[phra]具有与……相似之处17．v.分析、细察18．n.分析、分解19．n.分析家、分解者20．n.解剖、解剖学[变形]adj.解剖的、解剖学的[变形]n.解剖学家21．n.祖宗、祖先22．adj.古代的、旧的23．n.有生气、动画片、卡通24．v.消灭、歼灭25．n.周年纪念26．v.宣布、通告[phra]对某人宣布某事27．n.宣告、一项公告、一项私人告示[phra]通告一件事28．adj.匿名的29．v.使烦恼、烦扰、打搅30．n.人类学31．n.抗生素32．v.预期、预料、期望、提前做[phra]先发制人，制敌机先[phra]期盼做某事33．n.预期、预测[phra]预先、事先[phra]预先、预料、期待34．n.古物、古董adj.古时的、过时的[phra]古董商35．adv.无论如何、总之[同义词]36．adj.冷漠的、漠不关心的[变形]adv.漠不关心地[变形]n.冷漠、漠不关心37．n.器械、仪器、设备、装置38．adj.明显的、显而易见的[变形]adv.显然地39．n.请求、呼吁、上诉、吸引力v.呼吁、上诉、吸引[phra]上诉权[变形]adj.吸引人的40．n.外貌、外表、外观、出现41．v.附加、增补[变形]n.附录、阑尾42．n.食欲、胃口、欲望、爱好43．v.鼓掌称赞、赞同。
get ready for ielts Listening Vocabulary
Unit 11.arrival n. 到达2.available adj. 可使用的；有空的3.book v. 预约4.departure n.离开5.get in v. 到达nd v. 降落7.pick-up point n. 补给点8.terminal n. 航站楼9.travel agent n. 旅行代理人10.Egypt11.Malaysia12.Portugal13.United Arab Emirates14.Pakistan15.Madrid16.delay17.postcode18.destination19.nationality20.immigration21.suite22.avenueUnit 223.amount n. 数量24.balanced diet n. 均衡饮食25.benefit n. 利益，好处26.boil v. 煮沸，沸腾；开27.boiling adj. 沸腾的，炎热的28.bowl n. 碗29.cabbage n. 甘蓝，卷心菜30.canteen n. 食堂，小饭馆31.cauliflower n. 花椰菜32.crumble n. 碎屑；酥皮水果点心33.dish n. 一盘菜34.eighth n. 第八；八分之一35.flavor n. 味道；风味36.flip v. 轻弹，轻击；快速翻转；按（开关）37.fry v. 用油煎；油炸38.get straight on with 直接去（做）39.grease v. 涂油脂于。
40.greasy adj. 油腻的，脂肪多的41.grill v. 烧烤；拷问，盘问42.half n. 一半mb n. 羊羔肉；小羊44.measures n. 措施，办法45.melted adj. 融化的46.mix v. 混合47.packet food n. 包装食品；盒装食物48.peel v. 剥皮，剥落；n.果皮49.pineapple n. 菠萝50.quarter n. 四分之一51.recipe n. 食谱，秘方52.roast v. 烤，烘培53.rub v. 揉搓；涂抹54.solve v. 解决55.spice n. 香料，调味品56.steam v. 蒸煮；n.蒸汽57.stir v. 搅拌58.syrup n. 糖浆，糖汁59.take measures v. 采取措施60.third n. 第三；三分之一61.tiny adj. 小的62.dairy product63.cherry64.yoghurt65.turkey66.pea67.butter68.pancake69.gram70.flour71.ingredient72.weights73.onion74.rub75.mixture76.bottom77.bake78.cereal79.flow chart80.snacksUnit 31.ceiling n. 天花板2.concentrate on v. 集中精力于3.explain v. 解释4.fair enough phr. 说的对，有道理5.for instance phr. 例如6.introduce v. 介绍；引入7.make sense v. 讲得通，有意义8.make sure v. 确信，无比9.match v. 与。
Vocabulary for IELTS
Vocabulary for IELTS____________________________ P2 Change11.adapt：A. make fit for, or change to suit a new purposesynonymous： accommodate.e.g.:We need to adapt these cars so disabled people can driver them.B. adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditionssynonymous： adjust, conform.e.g.:The country found it hard to adapt to the new government.2.adjust：A.alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard synonymous： set, correct.e.g.:To make sure your car is safe,you should check and adjust the breaks on a regular basis.B. adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions.synonymous： conform, adapt.e.g.:He found it hard to adjust to living in a tropical country .3.transform：A..e.g.:You must transform the voltage or the system will blow up.B.their appearance or function is completely changed..e.g.:He decided to transform his appearance by having plastic surgery.4.switch：A.control consisting of a mechanical or electrical or electronic device for making or breaking or changing the connections in a circuit..e.g.:Our bills will be less if we switch from gas to electricity.B.an event in which one thing is substituted for another.e.g.:They had to switch flights at at Heathrow Airport5.alter：A.cause to change; make different; cause a transformation.e.g.:You can’t alter the terms or the contract once it has been signs.B.make or become different in some particular way, without permanently（永久的，长期不变的） losing one's or its former characteristics or essence..e.g.:He wants to alter his appearance.6.vary：A.make or become different in some particular way, without permanently(永久的，长期不变) losing one's or its former characteristics or essencesynonymous： change, alter.e.g.:It will help your digestion if you vary your diet.B.be subject to change in accordance with a variable.e.g.:prices of flats vary from a few thousand to millions of pounds.7.dissolve：A.pass into a solution.e.g.:The management decided to dissolve the company and sell the offices. B.cause to go into a solution.e.g.:Dissolve the sugar in boiling water.8.swell：A.increase in size, magnitude, number, or intensity.e.g.:More and more people are moving to cities to swell population there. B.expand abnormally.e.g.: The wasp sting caused his leg to swell up.9.renew：A..e.g.:The old contract ran out and we had to renew oneB.reestablish on a new, usually improved, basis or make new or like new.e.g.:Many people argue that its futile to renew old hostilities.10.renovate：A.restore to a previous or better condition.e.g.:They have received funds(资金) to renovate the old buildings.B.make brighter and prettier.e.g.:The house is in good structural condition,but we need to renovate the central heating system.11.demote：assign to a lower position; reduce in rankThey wanted to demoted me from manager to salesperson. ————————————————P18 Stopping something1.repeal:to officially end a law(legislation) so that it is no longer valid(法律上有效的;合理的).2.deter:to discourage someone from doing something,by making them understand the difficulties and unpleasant result of their actions.3.dissuade:to persuade someone not to do something.4.rescind:to annul(废除) or cancel a contract or agreement.(or law)=repeal5.suppress:to limit or suddenly stop something,such as a person’s freedom.if an army or government suppress an activity,it prevents it from continuing,by using force or by making it illegal.6.sever: to end of something suddenly and finally.(cut right through it so that one part is completely severed from the body)7.turn down: to refuse something which is offered.8.back out: to decide not to support or be part of a project or activity after you have agree to so.9.deny: to state that something is not correct.10.cancel: to stop something which had been planned.11.quash: to make a judging or ruling no longer valid.12.put an end to :to stop something which has been going on for a long time.e.g. : They agree to put an end to their long-standing dispute(n&v.争论；纠纷).————————————————P22-23 Likes&dislikes1.loathe=hate=detest2.yearn for=long for: to want something very much, especially when it is very difficult to get.3.passionate about: having or showing strong feeling of enthusiasm for something or belief in something.4.captivate: to keep somebody’s attention by being interest,attractive.5.dread: to be very afraid of something.6.repel: to successfully fight sb who is attracting you,you country,and drive them away.7.tempt: to attract sb or make sb want to do or have something,even if they know it is wrong.8 revolt: a violent action taken by a large group of people against the rules of their country because they want a different system o government . ————————————————P24 Obligation(义务)&Option(可选择)1.liable: legally responsible for paying the cost of something.2.oblige: to force sb to do sth ,by law,because it is a duty(you feel that you must to do it.3.exempt from: if you are exempt from a particular rule,duty or obligation,you are not affect or bound by it.4.mandatory=compulsory : required by law,without any possibility of not doing it.(强制性的)5.no alternative(不可选择的) ————————————————P25 Success&Failure1.abate————————————————P10-11 Location1.in close proximity(接近) to:2…at right angles to/perpendicular(垂直的) to:3…parallel(平行) ————————————————P12 Joining/becoming part of something biggerj————————————————P9 Contrast&Comparison ————————————————。
雅思词汇书推荐
雅思词汇书推荐雅思词汇书是备考雅思考试时必备的工具之一。
通过系统学习和掌握一定量的词汇，可以帮助考生在听、说、读、写等方面取得较好的成绩。
下面推荐几本高质量的雅思词汇书，适合不同需求的考生使用。
1.《剑桥雅思词汇详解》(Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS)系列这是一套经典的雅思词汇书，适合正在备考雅思的考生。
该系列图书分为初级和高级两本，分别适合词汇水平较低和较高的考生。
每本书包含丰富的词汇列表、示例句子以及相关练习，帮助考生巩固词汇的记忆和应用。
2.《雅思词汇指导》 (IELTS Vocabulary Booster)该书是一本较新的雅思词汇书，特色是提供了一种系统的方式来学习和记忆词汇。
书中的词汇分为主题，每个主题都配有相关的练习和活动，帮助考生在乐趣中学习和记忆词汇，并将其应用到真实的雅思考试中。
3.《新东方雅思词汇王》这是一本针对中国考生特别设计的雅思词汇书。
该书整理了雅思考试中出现的高频词汇和短语，并为每个词汇提供了详细的解释和例句。
考生可以根据自己的需要选择学习，区分词汇的重要性，并通过练习巩固记忆。
4.《Barron's雅思词汇8000》这是一本收录了8000个雅思词汇的参考书。
书中的词汇按主题分类，并为每个词汇提供了简洁而清晰的解释和例句。
考生可以通过系统地学习和练习，提高词汇的理解和应用能力。
5.《朗文雅思词汇》 (Longman Vocabulary for IELTS) 这本书是一本雅思词汇书的经典之作。
它通过主题分类的方式整理了雅思考试中常见的词汇，并提供了详细的解释和例句。
每个单元还配有练习题和听力材料，帮助考生在应用中巩固词汇。
总体来说，每本雅思词汇书都有其特色和优点，考生可以根据自己的需求选择适合自己的词汇书进行学习。
无论选择哪本书，都需要通过反复练习和应用，才能真正掌握和运用这些词汇。
希望以上推荐的书籍能够对考生们取得好成绩有所帮助。
Vocabulary for IELTS
V ocabulary for IELTS1.jeopardize v. 危害The consequences of our water policies extend beyond jeopardizing human health.2.demanding adj. 要求高的; 苛求的Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human.3.coin v. 创造新词语The term “cardboard city” was coined to describe communities of homeless people living in cardboard boxes.4.eliminate v. 消除，排除，清除The diet claims to eliminate toxins from the body.5.expertise n. 专门知识，专门技术AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying expertise learned in one—such as building muscle strength in golfers—to others, such as swimming and squash.6.lopsided adj. 偏向一边的，有偏见的The article presents somewhat a lopsided view of event.7.pragmatic adj. 实际的，务实的You need to take a pragmatic approach to this tough problem.8.arduous adj. 艰难的，艰苦的The mission before us is arduous.9.domain n.（知识或活动）的领域，范围，范畴The care of older people is being placed firmly within the domain of the family.10.preliminary adj. 开始的，预备性的，初步的After a few preliminary remarks, he announced the winners.11.p redominate v. （数量上）占优势，占主导地位Women predominated in the audience.Private interest was not allowed to predominate over the public good.12.p rior to 在前面的Prior to the speech competition, the headmaster announced the contestants’ names.13.demolish v. 拆毁，拆除建筑物，推翻，驳倒The factory is due to demolished next year.A recent book has demolished this theory.14.d etrimental adj. 有害的，不利的The policy will be detrimental to the peace progress.15.p light n.苦难，困境，困境The African elephant is in a desperate plight.16.e xceed v. 超过数量，超越法律和命令的限制The price will not exceed 100 dollars.The officers had exceeded their authority.17.scrupulous adj. 仔细的，细致的，一丝不苟的You must be scrupulous about hygiene when you’re preparing a baby’s need.18.e licit v. 引出，探出，诱出Her tears elicited great sympathy from her audience.19.s uccessive adj.连续的，接连的，相继的This was his successive win.Successive governments have tried to tackle the problem.20.i ncompatible adj. 与某一事物不一致，不相配These two objectives are mutually incompatible.The hours of job are incompatible with family life.21.i ncongruous adj. 不合适的，不相称的，不协调的Such traditional methods seem incongruous in our technical age.22.t ake its toll/ take a heavy toll on …产生恶果，造成重大损失或上网灾害等The recession is taking its toll on the housing markets.23.harness v.控制利用（以产生能量等）Harnessing the wind would not have been a problem for accomplished sailors like the Egyptians.24.u ncanny adj. 异常的，难以解释的I had an uncanny feeling that I was being watched.25. brute adj. 根本而令人不快的，赤裸裸的We eventually have to accept the brute facts of inequality.25.mandate v.授权With the onset of statehood, however, the State of Alaska took over management of its own fisheries, guided by a state constitution which mandates that Alaska’s natural resources bemanaged on a sustainable basis.26. recognize/ certify v.正式认可，接受，赞同The MSC was established to recognize fisheries that care for environment.27. specimen n. 样品，样本，标本Studies carried out by Turner of many thousands of New and Old world specimens, both ancient and modern, suggest that the majority of prehistoric Americans are linked to Northern Asian populations by crown and root traits.28. pump out 大量生产或制造Our cars pump out thousands of tons of poisonous fumes every year.29. exert v. 运用，行使，施加，努力，竭力He exerted all his authority to make them accept the plan.The moon exerts a force on the earth that causes the tide.In order to be successful, he would have to exert himself.30. flimsy adj. 已损坏的，不足信的The evidence against him is pretty flimsy.31. unscathed adj. 未受损害的，未受伤The hostages emerged from their ordeal unscathed.32. obstruct v. 阻挡，阻塞，妨碍Fish and dolphins that live in extremely muddy water cannot see because, although there is light, it is obstructed and scattered by the dirt in the water.33. scrape v.艰难取得，勉强获得They scraped a living by playing music on the streets.34. emulate v.努力赶上，同某人竞争She hopes to emulate her sister’s sporting—achievement.35. albeit conj. 尽管，虽然He finally agreed, albeit reluctantly, to help us.36. auditory adj. 听觉的Such chemical communication can be compared to the human use of visual and auditory channels to arouse and propagate moods and attitudes.37. odour n. 尤指难闻的气味，臭味Elaborate precautions were taken to prevent the foraging team using odour clues.38. preferential adj. 优先的，优惠的，优待的Don’t expect to get preferential treatment.39. unrivalled adj. 无与伦比的，无双的What he has achieved in this field is unrivalled.40. manifest v. 表明，清楚显示，显现adj. 明显的，显而易见的The results suggest unexpected noise produces fatigue but that this manifests itself later.41. ameliorate v. 改善Steps have been taken to ameliorate the situation.42. consensus n.共识，一致的意见There is a general consensus among teachers about the need for greater security in schools.43. consecutive adj. 连续不断的She was absent for nine consecutive days.He is beginning his forth consecutive term of his office.44. confer v. confer sth on sth/sb 授予He conferred stability on the language of his country.45. elusive adj. 难以找的，难以解释的，难以达到的A solution to the problem of toxic waste is proving elusive.46. exacerbate v.使恶化，使加剧，使加重The symptoms may be exacerbated by certain drugs.47. interactive adj. 合作的，相互影响的，相互配合的The school believes in interactive teaching method.48. attribute v. 归因于，认为什么是什么的原因attribute sth to sthShe attributes her success to hard work and a little luck.49.disposable adj. 可支配的With the improvement of people’s living standard, they have more disposable income to purchase private cars.50. apt adj. 恰当的，适当的，有什么倾向Babies are apt to put objects into their mouths.51. rigid adj.死板的，僵硬的，僵直的，不弯曲的The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.She sat upright, her body rigid with fear.52. aesthetic adj. 审美的，美学的，有审美观点的，美的，艺术的The benefits of conservation are both financial and aesthetic. Their furniture was more aesthetic than functional.53.advisable adj. 合理的，明智的，可取的It is advisable to book early.54. encumber v. 妨碍，阻碍，拖累The police operation was encumbered by crowds of reporters.55. phenomenal adj. 了不起的，非凡的The product has been a phenomenal success.56. reconcile v. 调和，是和谐一致，使配合reconcile sth with sthWe should make an attempt to reconcile the need for industrial development with concern for the environment.57. vulnerable adj. 脆弱的，易受伤害的vulnerable to sthIn cases of food poisoning, young children are especially vulnerable.58. subject to sth 使经受，使遭受The city was subjected to heavy bombing.The defence lawyers claimed that the prisoners had been subjected to cruel and degrading treatment.。
雅思2 学术词汇561个(IELTS 2 academic vocabulary 561)
雅思2 学术词汇561个（IELTS 2 academic vocabulary 561）分析构成建立表明发生角色方法语境估计个人百分比部分地区合同明显的解释期部门评估创造出口涉及政策重要的假定数据因素问题原理类似的权威定义金融继续来源可获得的得到公式合法的过程具体的利益分配功能立法结构概念经济识别专业研究理论包括环境收入方法回应变化子列表实现社区设计研究所潜在的限制获得复杂的不同的投资以前的保护管理计算要素项目初级的影响得出结论等同杂志购买选择适当的行为评价保持范围网站方面随之而来的特征正常的区域策略帮助建造最终的获得规定调查类别消费集中参与相关的文本章信用影响感知居住传统委员会文化伤害积极的资源转移可供替代的召开强调互动哲学性别环境坐标确保证明正当身体的转移评论核心排除层比例指定补偿公司链接出版足够的成分符合基金定位反应任务同意标准说明最大化登记技术的相当大的演绎移民少数的依靠技术常数证明意味着否定去除技术约束文件最初的结果方案有效的贡献支配实例序列体积接近沟通错误内部的并行决定充足的集中民族的调查参数保持每年的赋予目标工作阶段系列显然的对比标签预测统计的近似周期因此主要的地位态度辩论假设明显的先前的强调属性尽管实施占据专业的后来的公民的维牵连选项项目总和代码国内的征收输出促进总结犯罪浮现整合总体的政体承担学院咨询发展许可证东方的风格调整接触扩大逻辑观点代替改变下降暴露边缘精确的维持修改离散的外部的首要的符号意识到的草案促进精神的心理学目标容量使可能基本的修改追求交通挑战能量生成Monitor Ratio Trend Clause Enforce Generation RejectVersion Compound Entity Image Notion Revenue Welfare Conflict Equivalent Liberal Objective Stable Whereas Abstract AbleExceed Incidence Migrate Recover Accurate CiteExpert Incorporate Minimum Reveal Acknowledge Cooperate Explicit Index Ministry SCOPEAggregate Discriminate Federal Inhibit Motive Subsidy Allocate DisplayFeeInitiate Neutral TapeAssign Diverse FlexibleInput Nevertheless TraceAttach Domain Furthermore Instruct Overseas Transform AuthorEditGender Intelligent Precedes Transport BondEnhance Ignorant Interval Presumed Underlie Brief Estate Incentive Lecture Rational Use ADAPT Contrary Empirical IdenticalPhenomenon Submit Adult Convert Equip Ideology Priority Successor Advocate Couple Extract Infer Prohibit Survive Aid DecadeFile Innovate Publication Thesis Channel Definite Finite Insert QuoteTopic Chemical Deny Foundation Intervene ReleaseTransmit Classic Differentiate Globe ISOLATE Reverse Ultimate Comprehensive Dispose Grade Average Simulate Unique Comprise Dynamic GuaranteeModeSole Visible Confirm Eliminate Hierarchy Paradigm Somewhat Voluntary Abandon Clarify Deviate Induces Plus TenseAccompany Commodity Displace Inevitable Practitioner Terminate ACCUMULATE Complement Drama Infrastructure Predominant Theme Ambiguous Conform Eventual InspectProspect Thereby Append Contemporary Exhibit Intense Radical Uniform Appreciate Contradict Exploit Manipulate Random Vehicle ArbitraryCrucial Fluctuate Minimise Reinforce Via Automate Currency Guideline Nuclear Restore Virtual Bias Denote Highlight Offset CheckVisual Chart Detect Implicit Paragraph Schedule Widespread Accommodate Commence Duration Mature Preliminary Sphere Analogy CompatibleErode Mediate Protocol Subordinate Anticipate Concurrent Ethic Medium Qualitative Supplement Assure Confine Format Military Refine SuspendAttain Controversy Minimal Relaxation TeamBehalf Converse Inherent Mutual Restrain Temporary BulkDevice Insight NormRevolution Trigger Cease Devote Integral Overlap RigidUnify Coherent Diminish Intermediate Passive Route Violate MatchDistortManual Portion Scenario Vision Adjacent Enormous OddAlbeit Forthcoming Ongoing Assemble TiltPanel崩溃完整性坚持同事内在的姿势编译援引磁阻设想征收所谓的说服同样地简单的抑制尽管如此经历遭遇尽管其中。
雅思官方备考资料指南
官方备考练习资料《Official IELTS Practice Materials》是雅思考试为全球考生提供的官方备考练习资料，现已出版了两版。
您可以从此书了解雅思考试的结构与题型，并通过书内提供的完整试题进行练习，还可以观看随书附送的DVD内的口语考试视频来了解雅思口语考试的流程与评分标准。
《How to Prepare for IELTS》是雅思考试主办方之一的英国文化协会为全球考生提供的官方备考资料，在中国由北京语言文化大学出版社出版发行。
本书分为阅读、写作、听力和口语四部分。
通过此书您可以熟悉考试题型、训练需要掌握的内容、了解考试中会遇到的问题、得到具体的应试指导。
本书还提供了一份十分有用的参考书目。
《Information for Candidates》是雅思考试主办方之一剑桥大学为全球考生提供的官方备考资料，内容包括阅读、写作、听力和口语四部分样本、成绩单样本和分数介绍等。
通过此资料您可以熟悉考试题型、成绩单内容等。
请点击此处下载。
各大出版社的雅思考试备考书籍您可以根据自己的情况与需要，参考以下出版物选择自用的备考资料。
Cambridge IELTS《剑桥雅思考试全真试题解析》1-4 《剑桥雅思考试全真试题解析》所收集的IELTS 训练资料由剑桥大学考试委员会精心挑选。
包含完整的学术类IELTS 考试试题，以及培训类的阅读和写作训练试题，让考生通过对这些可靠资料的演练，熟悉IELTS 考试，锻炼应试技巧。
外语教学与研究出版社& 剑桥大学出版社书(含2张CD):Cambridge IELTS《剑桥雅思考试全真试题解析》5-7 《剑桥雅思考试全真试题解析》所收集的IELTS 训练资料由剑桥大学考试委员会精心挑选。
包含完整的学术类IELTS 考试试题，以及培训类的阅读和写作训练试题，让考生通过对这些可靠资料的演练，熟悉IELTS 考试，锻炼应试技巧。
剑桥大学出版社书(含2张CD):Cambridge Practice Tests for IELTS 1,2,3《剑桥雅思考试全题型预测试题集》《剑桥雅思考试全真试题解析》所收集的IELTS 训练资料由剑桥大学考试委员会精心挑选。
国外最好词汇教材
国外最好词汇教材
在国外，有很多优秀的词汇教材可供选择。
以下是一些备受推崇的教材：
1. "Merriam-Webster's Vocabulary Builder": 这本教材通过有趣且实用的练习，帮助学习者构建词汇量。
它包含了各种词汇难度，适合不同水平的英语学习者。
2. "The Vocabulary Workout": 这本教材通过一系列的练习和活动，帮助学习者扩大词汇量，提高词汇运用能力。
它还包括了实用的词汇学习技巧和策略。
3. "Word Smart": 这本教材是专门为提高托福考试成绩而设计的。
它通过讲解和练习，帮助学习者掌握托福考试中的高频词汇和常用表达。
4. "Vocabulary for IELTS": 这本教材旨在帮助准备雅思考试的学习者提高词汇量。
它包含了各种场景和话题的词汇，以及实用的词汇学习技巧。
5. "Vocabulary in Use": 这本教材通过各种练习和活动，帮助学习者在实际语境中运用词汇。
它分为不同等级，适合不同水平的英语学习者。
这些教材都是经过广泛认可的，可以帮助学习者有效地扩大词汇量和提高词汇运用能力。
当然，还有其他优秀的教材可供选择，可以根据自己的需求和学习水平选择适合自己的教材。
IELTS Express Intermediate Coursebook Unit 2
ListeningImagining the situation and languageA In the exam, each different listening situation is introduced on the recording. For example, you may hear the following:'You will hear a customer enquiring about buying a camera.'You should then spend a few seconds before the dialogue begins thinking about the kind of situation you are about to hear and the kind of language that may be used.Where do you think this conversation is taking place? Who are the people talking? What questions do you think you will hear? What vocabulary related to the situation do you think you may hear?B Now listen to the recording and check if your predictions about the situation were correct. Was there any topic related vocabulary which you had not predicted? What was it?C Listen to three more introductions. After each introduction, imagine the situation and Language vocabulary you may hear in the main dialogue. Discuss your ideas with your partner.D Listen to each dialogue. Were your predictions correct?Identifying the answer typeA Look at the notes below. The first column contains examples of notes completion questions that might appear in the exam. What do you think the topic of the conversation will be? Discuss with a partner.Notes Question word Answer type Birthday present for 1 _________ who name Cost of sending a text: 2 _________Cheapest network: 3 ___________Cheapest time of day: 4 _____________Can buy top-up cards at 5 _______________Operates in over 6 ___________ countries7 ________ % of country covered by networkNeed hands-free when cycling because it's 8 ____________B What kinds of questions do you need to answer to complete the notes? For each gap, choose the appropriate question word from the box below and write it in the table. The first one has been done as an example.how many who where what percentage when how much why whichC Different types of question require different types of answer. For example, the answer to a 'who' question is a name. For each of the questions above, choose an answer type from the box below and write it in the table. The first one has been done as an example.amount of money year name number place name percentage reasonD Now Listen to the recording and answer questions 1-8 in the table above. Write no more than three words and/or a number for each answer.Form completionQuestions 1-6Listen to a man buying a computer and complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Application for extended warranty on new computerName: Jonathan 1._____________________ Title: Mr / Mrs / Ms / Miss /Dr/ Other Address: 2. ___________________________ Postcode: 3. _____________________ NewtownTelephone No: 4._______________________ Email Address: 5.___________@ Add to mailing list ? 6. ____________________Notes completionQuestions 1-10Listen to a customer enquiring about different types of radios and complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Model: Club Tropicana Color: p ink, orange and 1. _________________Extra features: CD player, 2._____________ , alarmNo. of Speakers: 3. ___________________Price: 4. $_________________________Models: Night Owl Extra features: clock, 5.______________ , reading lightBattery life: 6.______________ hoursMaker's name: 7.______________________________ Model: 8. ___________________ Color: goldExtra -Features: neck strap, free headphonesuses 9.__________ powerPrice: 10. $____________________________ Writing1. IntroductionDiscuss these questions with a partner.Have you ever bought anything over the Internet? If yes, what did you buy?What kinds of things would you order through the Internet? Why?Is there anything that you wouldn't buy online? Why do you think that some people are nervous about buying things online?Which age group do you think makes the most purchases online?2. Understanding charts and tablesA Before you begin writing, it is important to understand the information shown in the chart. Look at the bar chart on next page and discuss questions 1-4 with a partner.1 What does the title tell you?2 What does the vertical axis show?3 What does the horizontal axis show?4 What does the color key on the right tell you?B The information in a bar chart can be presented in table form. Complete the table by copying information from the bar chart above.Age 18-24 25-39 40-54 55+Internet users 75% 1.____% 55% 2. _______%Internet shoppers 11% 15% 10% 3._______ %Describing general and specific informationA Look at the chart in 2A. Describe the chart by putting sections a-g in the correct order (1-7). .... a A final point to note is that the number of people shopping online does not change very much between the different age groups.….. b The chart shows how the Internet is used by different age groups. It looks at both general use and online shopping.…. c Another thing which stands out in this chart is that most people use the Internet for things other than shopping.…. d More specifically, this is between about 5% and 15% in all age groups. The group making the most purchases are the 25-39-year-olds, and the group making the fewest purchases are the 55-year-olds and over.…. e One of the first things to note is that fewer older people use the Internet than younger people.…. f For example, 75% of 18-24-year-olds use the Net, compared with only 20% of 55-year-olds and over.…. g For instance, in the youngest age group nearly 80% of people use the Internet, whereas only 10% make purchases online, although it should be noted that this difference is not as dramatic in all age groups.B When you describe visual information, you should start with a general overview statement about what the chart or table shows. Then, you should choose two or three main features and describe them. Each time you pick out a main feature, use some specific detail to support it. Read sentences 1-5 and categorize them.a Which sentences are an overview statement of what the graph shows?b Which sentences describe an overall trend?c Which sentences provide specific detail used to support a main point?1 Fewer older people use the Internet than younger people.2 75% of 18-24-year-olds use the Net, compared with only 20% of 55-year-olds and over.3 Most people use the Internet for things other than shopping.4 The chart shows how the Internet is used by different age groups; it looks at both general use and online shopping.5 In the youngest age group, nearly 80% of people use the Internet, whereas only 10% make purchases online.Comparing and contrasting dataYou can contrast information using but, however, while, on the other hand, in/by comparison and in contrast. You can add more information using and, also, as well as, in addition, furthermore and not only ... but also.A Complete sentences 1-4 by choosing the correct word. There may be more than one possible answer.1 Although/However/While 75% of 18-24-year-olds use the Internet, only 10% make purchases online.2 Although/However/While, only 10% make purchases online.3 As well as/Not only showing general internet use, it also/but also shows online shopping.4 It shows as well as/not only general internet use, it also/but also online shopping.B Information may also be presented as a pie chart. The pie chart below shows how one university student spent his money on internet purchases last year. Look at the information in the pie chart and choose the appropriate word(s) to make correct sentences.1 He spent more/less money on airline tickets than music.2 A very large/relatively small percentage of his money was spent on entertainment tickets.3 His biggest/smallest expense was airline tickets.4 He didn't spend as much money on computer software/music as computer software/music.5 He spent much more on airline/entertainment tickets than on airline/entertainment tickets.6 He spent slightly/much more on music than on books and magazines.7 He spent a great deal/a little on airline tickets.C Write your own comparative sentences to describe the data in the charts in 2A and 413. Include wrong information in some of your sentences and then show them to your partner. Ask your partner to identify and correct the mistakes.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart below shows the different types of goods and services purchased online in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom last year.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.Write at least 150 words.。
IELTS vocabulary-list,雅思考试必备的2000词汇
ContentsA (5)B (6)C (7)D (9)E (10)F (11)G (12)H (11)I (12)J (12)K (12)L (13)M (14)N (15)O (15)P (16)Q (17)R (17)S (18)T (20)U (21)V (21)W (21)Y (21)Z (21)Appendix 1 (21)Cardinal numbers (21)Ordinal numbers (21)Days of the week (21)Months of the year (21)Seasons of the year (21)Countries, languages and nationalities (21)Continents (21)Health, Medicine and Exercise (25)Aa/an (det)able (adj)•be able toabout (adv & prep)•What about a cold drink?•I have about £3. (adv)• a book about animals (prep) above (adv & prep)accident (n)across (adv & prep)•The bank’s across the road.•He walked across the bridge. act (n & v)activity (n)actor (n)actually (adv)ad (n)•an ad on TVadd (v)address (n)adult (adj & n)advanced (adj)adventure (n)advertisement (n)advice (n)aeroplane (n)afraid (adj)after (adv & prep)afternoon (n)afterwards (adv)again (adv)against (prep)•We watched England play against France.age (n)•I don’t know his age.aged (adj) ago (adv)agree (v)•Yes, I agree with you.•Don’t you agree, Sam?air (n)•to travel by airairport (n)alarm clock (n)album (n)all (adv, det & pron)all right/alright (adj, adv & exclam)almost (adv)alone (adj & adv)along (prep)already (adv)alright (adj, adv & exclam)also (adv)always (adv)a.m. (adv)amazing (adj)ambulance (n)among (prep)an (det)and (conj)angry (adj)animal (n)another (det & pron)answer (n & v)any (det & pron)anybody (pron)anymore (adv)anyone (pron)anything (pron)anyway (adv)anywhere (adv)apartment (n)apartment building (n)apple (n)appointment (n)•an appointment with thedoctorarea (n)arm (n)armchair (n)around (adv & prep)•to travel around (adv)•to sit around the table (prep)arrive (v)art (n)article (n)•an article about skiingartist (n)as (conj & prep)•as good as•as soon as possible•the same asask (v)assistant (n)as well (adv)as well (as) (prep)at (prep)at / @ (prep)•My email address isdavid@attractive (adj)aunt (n)autumn (n)available (adj)away (adv)•He’s gone away•It’s two kilometres awayawful (adj)Bbaby (n)back (n, adv & adj)backpack (n)bad (adj)badly (adv)badminton (n)bag (n)bake (v)ball (n)balloon (n)banana (n)band (n)bandage (n)bank (n)•I changed my money in the bank.barbecue (n)baseball (n)basketball (n)bat (n)bath (n)bathing suit (n)bathroom (n)bathtub (n)battery (n)be (av & v)beach (n)bean (n)bear (n)beard (n)beautiful (adj)because (conj)become (v)bed (n)bedroom (n)bee (n) before (adv, conj & prep)begin (v)beginner (n)beginning (n)behind (adv & prep)believe (v)belong (v)below (adv & prep)belt (n)beside (prep)best (adj & adv)better (adj & adv)between (prep)bicycle (n)big (adj)bike (n)bill (n)•Can I have my bill, please?biology (n)bird (n)birth (n)birthday (n)biscuit (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng:cookie)bit (n)•Just a small bit of cake,please.black (adj & n)blackboard (n)blanket (n)block (n)•Shall we walk round theblock?blond(e) (adj)blood (n)blouse (n)blue (adj & n)board (n)•The teacher’s writing on the(black/white)board.board game (n)boat (n)body (n)boil (v)boiled (adj)book (n & v)bookcase (n)bookshelf (n)bookshop (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng:bookstore)bookstore (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng:bookshop)boot (n)• a pair of bootsbored (adj)boring (adj)born (v)•I was born in Manchester.borrow (v)•She borrowed a book from thelibrary.boss (n)both (pron & det)bother (v)bottle (n)bottom (n)•at the bottom of the stairsbowl (n)box (n)boy (n)boyfriend (n)brain (n)brave (adj)bread (n)break (n & v)• a break for lunch (n) •Someone’s broken the window. (v) breakfast (n)bridge (n)bright (adj)brilliant (adj)•I thought the film was brilliant! bring (v)broken (adj)brother (n)brown (adj & n)brush (n & v)build (v)building (n)burger (n)bus (n)business (n)businessman (n)businesswoman (n)bus station (n)bus stop (n)busy (adj)but (conj)butter (n)buy (v)by (prep)bye (exclam)Ccafe/café (n)cafeteria (n)cake (n)calendar (n)call (n & v)•I’ll call (phone) again later this afternoon.•He’s called John.•I’m waiting for a call from Anna.camel (n)camera (n)camp (v)camping (n)campsite (n)cap (n)capital (n)can (n & mv)candy (n)cannot (mv)car (n)•birthday card•credit cardcareer (n)careful (adj)•Be careful!carefully (adv)car park (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng:parking lot)carpet (n)carrot (n)carry (v)cartoon (n)case (n)cash (n & v)castle (n)cat (n)catch (v)cathedral (n)CD (n)CD player (n)ceiling (n)cell phone (n)centre/center (n)centimetre/centimeter (cm) (n)century (n)cereal (n)certainly (not) (adv)chain (n)chair (n)change (v & n)channel (n)chat (n)chatroom (n)cheap (adj)check (v)cheese (n)chef (n)chemist (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng:drugstore)chemistry (n)cheque (n)chess (n)chicken (n)child (n)chilli (n)chips (n pl)•egg and chipschocolate (n)choose (v)cinema (n)circle (n)circus (n)city (n)class (n)• a language class• a first-class ticket classical (adj)classmate (n)classroom (n)clean (adj & v)cleaner (n)clear (adj)•It’s not clear to me.clearly (adv)clever (adj)click (n & v)•click here to go to ourwebsiteclimb (v)climbing (n)clock (n)close (adj & v)close to (prep phr)closed (adj)clothes (n pl)cloud (n)cloudy (adj)clown (n)club (n)•to join a clubcoach (n)• a coach trip• a tennis coachcoat (n)coffee (n)cola (n)cold (adj & n)colleague (n)collect (v)college (n)colour (n & v)comb (n)come (v)comfortable (adj)comic (n)company (n)•What’s the name of yourcompany?competition (n)complete (v)computer (n)concert (n)congratulations! (exclam)contact (n & v)conversation (n)cook (n & v)cooker (n)cookie (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng:biscuit)cooking (n)cool (adj & exclam)•That’s a cool bike! (adj)copy (v)corner (n)•the corner of the streetcorrect (adj)cost (n & v)costume (n)•I forgot my swimmingcostume.could (mv)country (n)countryside (n)course (n)• a university course• a main course•of course (not)cousin (n)cover (v)cow (n)crazy (adj)cream (adj & n)credit card (n)cricket (n)cross (n & v)•Don’t cross the road here! (v)crossing (n)•Use the crossing to cross thestreet.crowd (n)crowded (adj)cry (v)•The baby’s crying.cup (n)cupboard (n)curry (n)curtain (n)customer (n)cut (v)cycle (v)cycling (n)Ddad (n)daily (adj & adv)dance (n & v)dancer (n)dancing (n)danger (n)dangerous (adj)dark (adj)date (n)•What’s the date today? daughter (n)day (n)dead (adj)dear (adj)•Dear Anne,decide (v)deep (adj)degree (n)•The temperature’s 30degrees today.delay (n & v)•There will be a delay of two hours. (n)•The flight is delayed. (v) dentist (n)department (n)department store (n)describe (v)desert (n)desk (n)dessert (n)detail (n)diary (n)dictionary (n)die (v)difference (n)different (adj)difficult (adj)digital (adj)digital camera (n)dining room (n)dinner (n)dinosaur (n)diploma (n)dirty (adj)disco (n)discount (n)discuss (v)dish (n)•Chicken and chips is myfavourite dish.do (av & v)doctor (n)document (n)dog (n)doll (n)dollar (n)dolphin (n)door (n)dot (n)•dot comdouble (adj)• a double roomdown (adv & prep)download (n & v)•I downloaded the songs fromthe internet (v).downstairs (adv)Dr (n)draw (v)drawer (n)drawing (n)dream (n & v)dress (n & v)dressed (adj)drink (n & v)drive (v)driver (n)driving licence (n)drugstore (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng:chemist)drum (n)dry (adj & v)duck (n)during (prep)DVD (n)DVD player (n)Eeach (det & pron)ear (n)early (adj & adv)earn (v)earring (n)easily (adv)east (n, adj & adv)easy (adj)eat (v)egg (n)electric (adj)electricity (n)elephant (n)elevator (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng: lift) else (adv)•Anything else?email (n & v)empty (adj)end (v & n)engine (n)engineer (n)enjoy (v) enough (adv, det & pron)enter (v)•Are you going to enter theposter competition?•Please enter through the sidedoor.entrance (n)envelope (n)eraser (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng:rubber)especially (adv)euro (n)even (adv)evening (n)ever (adv)every (det)everybody (pron)everyone (pron)everything (pron)everywhere (adv)exactly (adv)examination/exam (n)example (n)•Look at the example first.•for exampleexcellent (adj)except (conj & prep)excited (adj)exciting (adj)excuse (v)•Excuse me!exercise (n & v)exhibition (n)•art exhibitionexit (n)expensive (adj)explain (v)explore (v)explorer (n)•This book’s about famousexplorers.extra (adj)eye (n)Ffact (n)factory (n)fail (v)fair (adj)•She has fair hair.fall (n & v)•in the fall (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng: autumn)•he fell and hurt his leg (v) family (n)famous (adj)fan (n)fantastic (adj)far (adv)•How far is the next garage? farm (n)farmer (n)fashion (n)fast (adj & adv)fast food (n)fat (adj)father (n)favourite (adj)feel (v)•to feel wellfestival (n)few (det & adj)field (n)file (n)fill (v)fill in (phr v)•to fill in a form final (adj)finally (adv)find (v)find out (phr v)fine (adj)•That’s fine!•I’m fine, thank you.•The weather is fine.finger (n)finish (v)fire (n)first (adv & adj)•First… then… (adv)•John came first. (adv)•first prize (adj)first name (n)fish (n & v)fishing (n)fit (adj)flat (n)flight (n)floor (n)•The bedrooms are on the firstfloor.•Don’t leave your clothes onthe floor.flower (n)fly (v)fog (n)foggy (adj)follow (v)food (n)•my right footfootball (n)footballer (n)for (prep)foreign (adj)forest (n)forget (v)fork (n)•knife and forkform (n)•Fill in this form.free (adj & adv)French fries (n) (Am Eng) (BrEng: chips)fresh (adj)•fresh fruitfridge (n)fried (adj)friend (n)friendly (adj)from (prep)front (n)•in the front of the train•Stand in front of me.fruit (n)full (adj)fun (adj & n)funny (adj)furniture (n)further (adj)future (n)Ggame (n)garage (n)garden (n)garlic (n)gas (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng: petrol)gas station (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng: petrol station)gate (n)geography (n)get (v)get fit (v)get off (phr v)•to get off the busget on (phr v)•to get on the busget up (phr v)•to get up in the morning gift (n)girl (n)girlfriend (n)give (v)glad (adj)glass (n)glasses (n pl)glove (n)go (v)goal (n)gold (n & adj)golden (adj)golf (n)good (adj)good afternoon (exclam)goodbye (exclam)good evening (exclam)good-looking (adj)good morning (exclam)good night (exclam)go out (phr v)•Are you going out thisevening?grade (n)gram(me) (n)grandchild (n)grand(d)ad (n)granddaughter (n)grandfather (n)grandma (n)grandmother (n)grandpa (n)grandparent (n)grandson (n)granny (n)grape (n)grass (n)great (adj)green (adj)grey (adj & n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng:gray)grilled (adj)grocery store (n) (Am Eng)group (n)grow (v)grow up (phr v)guess (v)guest (n)guest-house (n)guide (n)guidebook (n)guitar (n)guy (n)•He’s a really nice guy.gym (n)Hhalf (det, n & pron)half-price (adj)hall (n)hand (n)handbag (n)happen (v)happy (adj)hard (adj & adv)•hard wood (adj)•the homework was hard (adj) •to work hard (adv)hat (n)hate (v)have (av & v)have got to (mv)have to (mv)he (pron)head (n)•My head hurts.help (v)her (det & pron)here (adv)hers (pron)•by herselfhey (exclam)hi (exclam)high (adj)hill (n)him (pron)himself (pron)•by himselfhip hop (n)his (det & pron)history (n)hit (v)hobby (n)hockey (n)hold (v)holiday (n)home (n & adv)homework (n)headache (n)headteacher (n)health (n)healthy (adj)hear (v)heart (n)•Can you turn the heating on?heavy (adj)• a heavy blankethelicopter (n)hello (exclam)honey (n)hope (v)horrible (adj)horse (n)hospital (n)hot (adj)hotel (n)hour (n)house (n)housewife (n)how (adv)however (adv)hungry (adj)hurry (v)hurt (v)husband (n)II (pron)ice (n)ice cream (n)ice skating (n)ID (n)ID card (n)idea (n) identification (n) if (conj)ill (adj) immediately (adv) important (adj) improve (v)in (adv & prep)include (v)including (prep)indoor (adj)indoors (adv)information (n)in front of (prep phr)insect (n)inside (adv & prep)instead (adv)instructions (n pl)instrument (n)interested (adj)interesting (adj)international (adj)internet (n)into (prep)invitation (n)invite (v)island (n)it (pron)IT (n)its (det)itself (pron)Jjacket (n)jam (n)•fruit jamjazz (n)jeans (n pl)jewellery (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng: jewelry)job (n)join (v)journalist (n)journey (n)juice (n)jump (v)jumper (n)just (adv)•I’ve just seen Tom.•Just a moment.Kkeep (v)•May I keep this?•Keep right!key (n)keyboard (n)•I play the keyboard in a band. •The keyboard for mycomputer is broken.kick (n & v)kilogramme (kg) (n) (Br Eng)(Am Eng: kilogram)kilometre (km) (n) (Br Eng)(Am Eng: kilometer)kind (adj & n)•That’s very kind of you.•What kind of book do youwant?king (n)kiss (n & v)kit (n)kitchen (n)kite (n)knife (n)know (v)Llamp (n)language (n)laptop (computer) (n)large (adj)last (adj & det)late (adv & adj)•The train is going to be late.(adj)later (adv)•I’ll see you later.latest (adj)laugh (v)lazy (adj)learn (v)least (adv)•at leastleather (n & adj)leave (v)•The train leaves at 10 o’clock.•I left my bag in the cinema. •There isn’t any milk left.left (adj, adv & n)•Go to the left. (n)•left hand (adj)•Turn left. (adv)left-hand (adj)leg (n)lemon (n)lemonade (n)less (adj, det & pron)lesson (n)let (v)letter (n)level (n)•language levellibrary (n)licence (n)driving licencelie down (phr v)life (n)lift (n)•Take the lift to the third floor.light (n & adj)like (adv, prep & v)•W hat’s the weather like?(adv)•It’s like an orange but bigger.(prep)•I’d like a drink. (v)line (n)•draw a line•the next linelion (n)list (n)listen (v)litre (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng: liter)little (adj)live (v)long (adj)look (v)•You look happy.•Don’t look now!look after (phr v)look at (phr v)look for (phr v)look out (phr v)•Look out –it’s going tofall!lorry (n)lose (v)•We lost the game.•I’ve lost my passport.lost (adj)lots / a lot (n)• a lot of homework.loud (adj)love (n & v)lovely (adj)low (adj)luck (n)lucky (adj)luggage (n)lunch (n)lunchtime (n)Mmachine (n)mad (adj)magazine (n)mail (n)main course (n)make (v)make-up (n)man (n)manager (n)mango (n)many (det & pron)map (n)mark (n)market (n)married (adj)match (n)•football matchmaths/mathematics (n) (Br Eng)(Am Eng: math)matter (n & v)•It doesn’t matter. (v) •What’s the matter? (n)may (mv)maybe (adv)me (pron)meal (n)mean (v)meat (n)mechanic (n)medicine (n)meet (v)meeting (n)melon (n)member (n)• a member of a clubmemory (n) menu (n)message (n)metre (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng:meter)midday (n)middle (n)•in the middlemidnight (n)might (mv)mile (n)milk (n)million (n)mind (v)•Do you mind if I close thewindow?•I don’t mind if…•Never mind.•Mind your head!mine (pron)mineral water (n)minus (prep)minute (n)mirror (n)Miss (n)miss (v)missing (adj)mistake (n)mix (v)mobile (phone) (n)model (n)modern (adj)moment (n)•Just a moment.money (n)monkey (n)month (n)monthly (adj & adv)moon (n)more (adj, adv, det & pron)morning (n)most (adj, adv, det & pron)mother (n)motorbike (n)motorway (n)mountain (n)mouse (n)mouth (n)move (v)movie (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng:film)movie theater (n) (Am Eng) (BrEng: cinema)movie star (n) (Am Eng) (BrEng: film star)MP3 player (n)Mr (n)Mrs (n)Ms (n)much (adj, adv, det & pron)mug (n)mum (n)museum (n)mushroom (n)music (n)musical (adj)musician (n)must (mv)my (det)myself (pron)•by myselfNname (n)national (adj)nationality (n)nature (n)near (adv & prep)nearly (adv)neck (n)necklace (n)need (v)neighbour (n)net (n)•I found a great website on the net. never (adv)new (adj)news (n)newspaper (n)next (adj & adv)next to (prep)nice (adj)night (n)no (adv, det & pron)nobody (pron)noise (n)noisy (adj)noon (n)no one (pron)normal (adj)north (n, adj & adv)nose (n)not (adv)note (n & v)notebook (n)nothing (pron)notice (n)now (adv)number (n)nurse (n)Ooccupation (n)o'clock (adv)of (prep)of course (not) (adv) off (adv)offer (n & v)office (n)often (adv)oh (exclam)oil (n)•car oil •cooking oilOK/okay (exclam) old (adj)omelette (n)on (prep & adv) once (adv)•only onceone (det & pron)onion (n)online (adj & adv)only (adv & adj)•I only wanted to help.•the only oneopen (adj & v)opera (n)opposite (prep)or (conj)orange (adj & n)order (n)other (det & pron)our (det)ours (pron)ourselves (pron)out (adv)outdoors (adv)out of (prep)outside (prep & adv)over (prep & adv)•over 60 people (adv)•to travel all over the world(prep)own (adj)•They cook their own meals.Ppack (v)•pack a suitcasepage (n)pain (n)paint (v & n)painter (n)painting (n)pale (adj)pair (n)• a pair of shoespaper (n & adj)pardon (exclam)• Pardon?parent (n)park (n & v)parking lot (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng: car park)part (n)•the best part of the daypartner (n)party (n)pass (v)•You pass the station on the left. •to pass a driving test passenger (n)passport (n)past (prep)pasta (n)path (n)pay (v)PC (personal computer) (n)pear (n)pen (n)pence (n)pencil (n)pencil case (n)penfriend (n)penny (n)people (n pl)pepper (n)per (prep)perfect (adj)perfume (n)perhaps (adv)person (n)pet (n)petrol (n)petrol station (n)pharmacy (n)phone (v & n)photo(graph) (n)photographer (n)photography (n)physics (n)piano (n)pick up (phr v)picnic (n)picture (n)piece (n)• a piece of cakepillow (n)pilot (n)pink (adj)pity (n)•What a pity!pizza (n)place (n)plan (n & v)plane (n)•The plane was late.plant (n)plastic (n & adj)plate (n)platform (n)•Your train leaves fromPlatform 8.play (v & n)•to play football (v)•to play the guitar (v)• a play at the theatre (n)player (n)playground (n)pleasant (adj)please (v & exclam)•I’m very pleased for you. (v)•Please be quiet!pleased (adj)plus (prep)p.m. (adv)pocket (n)point (v)police (n)police car (n)police officer (n)police station (n)polite (adj)pool (n)•swimming poolpoor (adj)pop (n)•pop musicpopular (adj)possible (adj)possibly (adv)post (v & n)•to post a letter•What’s in the post today?postcard (n)poster (n)post office (n)potato (n)pound (£) (n)practice (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng:practise)•football practicepractise (v)•You must practise if you want to play well.prefer (v)prepare (v)present (n)∙ a birthday presentpretty (adj) price (n)print (v)printer (n)prize (n)probably (adv)problem (n)program (n)∙ a computer programprogramme (n)∙ a TV programmeproject (n)• a school projectpull (v)pupil (n)purple (adj)purse (n)push (v)put (v)put on (phr v)puzzle (n)Qquarter (n)∙ a quarter of an hour queen (n)question (n)quick (adj)quickly (adv)quiet (adj)quite (adv)•Are you quite sure?•quite oldquiz (n)Rrabbit (n)race (n & v)• a running race (n)•She raced her brother to the bus stop. (v)racket (n)•Can I borrow your tennis racket? radio (n)railway (n)rain (n & v)raincoat (n)rap (n)read (v)reading (n)ready (adj)•When will it be ready?real (adj)really (adv)reason (n)receipt (n)receive (v)receptionist (n)record (v)red (adj)refrigerator (n)remember (v)rent (v)repair (v)repeat (v)rest (n & v)•to have a rest (n)•‘Try to rest’, the doctor said.(v)restaurant (n)return (n & v)•my return from holiday (n)•He returned home late. (v)•She returned her libraryrice (n)rich (adj)ride (n & v)right (n, adj & adv)•He swam to the right. (n)•your right hand (adj)•That’s the right answer.(adj)•Turn right here. (adv)right hand (adj)ring (n)river (n)road (n)roast (v & adj)rock (n)•rock concertroof (n)room (n)• a double roomroundabout (n) rubber (n) rugby (n)ruler (n)run (v) runner (n) running (n)Ssad (adj)safe (adj)sail (v)sailing (n)salad (n)sale (n)•for salesalt (n)same (adj & pron)•at the same time (adj)•Your watch is the same as mine.(pron)sandwich (n)sauce (n)sausage (n)save (v)•to save money•to save timesay (v)scarf (n)school (n)schoolchild (n)science (n)scissors (n pl)scooter (n)screen (n)sea (n)seat (n)second (adj, det & n)secretary (n)see (v)sell (v)send (v)sentence (n)serve (v)set (n)several (det & pron)shall (mv)shame (n)•What a shame!shampoo (n & v)share (v)she (pron)sheep (n)sheet (n)• a bed sheetshelf (n)ship (n)shirt (n)shoe (n)shop (n & v)shop assistant (n)shopping (n)short (adj)• a short timeshorts (n pl)should (mv)shout (v)show (v & n)•Show me your photos. (v)• a film show (n)shower (n)shut (v)sick (adj)side (n)•this side of the roomsightseeing (n)sign (n)silver (n & adj)simple (adj)since (prep)sing (v)singer (n)singing (n)single (adj)sink (n)sister (n)sit (v)sit down (phr v)site (n)sitting room (n)size (n)skate (v)skateboard (n)skateboarding (n)skating (n)ski (v)skiing (n)skirt (n)sky (n)sleep (v)slice (n)slim (adj)slow (adj)slowly (adv)small (adj)smoke (v)smoking (n)snack (n)snowboard (n)snowboarding (n)so (conj & adv)•So, I think it’s right. (conj) •He ate too much, so he felt ill.(conj)•He wanted to go but he didn’t say so. (adv)soap (n)soccer (n)sock (n)sofa (n)soft (adj)software (n)some (det & pron)somebody (pron)someone (pron)something (pron)sometimes (adv)somewhere (adv)son (n)song (n)soon (adv)sorry (adj)•I’m sorry I’m late.•Sorry, I don’t understand that. sort (n)sound (v)•That sounds nice.soup (n)south (n, adj & adv)space (n)spare (adj)speak (v)speaker (n)special (adj)spell (v)spelling (n)spend (v)spoon (n)sport (n)sports centre (n)spring (n)•I hate winter but I love spring.square (n & adj)stadium (n)staff (n)stage (n)stairs (n pl)stamp (n)•Put a stamp on the envelope.stand (v)•She was standing at the busstop.star (n & v)start (v)station (n)stay (v)steak (n)steal (v)•Someone’s stolen my bag!still (adv)stomach (n)stomach ache (n)stop (n & v)store (n)storm (n)story (n)straight (adj & adv)• a straight line (adj)•Go straight on. (adv)strange (adj)•That’s a strange story!street (n)strong (adj)student (n)studies (n pl)study (v)subject (n)•What’s your favouritesubject at school?•the subject of a talksuch (det)suddenly (adv)sugar (n)suit (n)•He was wearing a grey suit.suitcase (n)summer (n)sun (n)sunglasses (n pl)sunny (adj)supermarket (n)supper (n)suppose (v)•I suppose so.•I suppose you’re right.sure (adj)•I’m (not) sure.surf (v)surfboard (n)surfing (n)surname (n)surprise (n)surprised (adj)sweater (n)sweet (n & adj)swim (v)swimming (n)swimming costume (n) (Br Eng)(Am Eng: bathing suit)swimming pool (n)swimsuit (n)。
雅思听力Course2
Minor6___________
Hobbies 7___________
8___________
Munich Spanish Italian Traveling Skiing
Vocabulary
Australian(Austrian) Actually(in fact, as a matter of fact, virtually) Raise(rise) Beautiful(pretty,handsome,smart,hot) Modern Languages Major(Minor) Spanish Italian Culture(civilization) Hobby(interest) Skiing(skating)
name1borninwhichcity2nowlivesin3hobby4secondspeakername1borninwhichcity2nowlivesin3hobby4katewinsletreading里丁市englandpaintingmelgibsonpeekskillaustralialookingafterhisfarmthirdspeakername1borninwhichcity2nowlivesin3hobby4?usefulexpressions?countryside?painting?lookafterlookforlookintolookoutlookup?favoriteleastfavoritebritneyspearskentwoodcaliforniashopping常见人名maleadamalanalexanderalfredandrewandersonaustenbillbobcarlcharlesdanieldavidedwardfrankgeorgehenryhemingwayjamesjohnjimmyjustinmarkmichaelpaulphiliprichardrobertsamuelsimonshakespearesteventhomastonyvictorwilliamfemalealiceamandaangelabettycatharinedianaelizabethemilyemmahelenjanejeanjessicajenniferjudyjuliakellylauralouisalucymarianancyninarosesarasophiasusantinavivian地名?熟悉的常见地名和国名首字母必须大写?不常见的地名一般会给拼写?表示地名属性的单词首字母也要大写?shanghaicity?huaihairoad?streetavenuewalkdrivelaneablindlaneanexpresslane?时间数字价格年龄和电话号码一律用阿拉伯数字特别注意小数和百分数的读法
IELTS-Lesson2
4. The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999. The table illustrates the percentage of various kinds of poor families in Australia in 1999.
Part Ⅴ： Build a Sound Structure
Байду номын сангаас
In many countries, the amount of crime is increasing. What do you think are the main causes of crime? How can we deal with those causes? In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing. What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures should be taken to solve them? People today can perform many everyday tasks, such as shopping or banking, without meeting others face to face. What effects will this trend have on individuals and society as a whole?
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Course for IELTS VocabularyFollow meWays of memorizing English words复习Unit 9•durable adj 持久的•dwindle v 减少(decrease, reduce,decline)•efficient adj 高效的•elapse v 流逝•eclipse n 月食eclipse扩展倍数有关的词缀dia-双，在之间，通过dialogue dia+logue（说话）对话diameter dia+meter（测量）直径diagnose dia+gnose(知道) 诊断diagnosisdiagram dia+gram（书写）图表dialect dia+lect （说）方言duplicate du（二）+plic （折叠）+ate复制，重复duel du（二）+el n.决斗bilingual/bilateral/bimonthly/bicyclesemifinal/semiconscious/semiconductor词根词缀法uni, mono-一monologue mono(一个)+logue(说)solitude soli（一个）+tude 孤独monotonous mono(一个) +ton(语调) 单调的，monopoly mono(一个)+poly(卖) 垄断unique uni（一个）+que（形容词词尾）唯一的universe uni（一个）+verse（转变）宇宙uniform uni（一个）+form（形式）制服，统一的词根词缀法tri-三triangle tri（三个）+angle（角）triplicate tri（三个）+plicate（复制）三倍的，trivial tri（三）+vi（六）+al 琐碎的quadr-四quadrangles quadr（四倍）+angle（角）四边形quadruple quadr（四倍）+ple（重叠）四倍的pentagon penta（五）+gon（角）五边形的•Penta•[美口]五角大楼, 美国国防部词根词缀法multi，poly-多multimedia multi+media（媒体）multilingual multi+lingual（语言）multiple multi+ple（倍）multitude multi+tude 多数polygon poly+gon（角）多边形Efficient 扩展deficient de+fic（做）+ient（adj 词尾）不足的deficient in common senseefficient e+fic（做）+ient（adj词尾）高效的efficient machineproficient pro+fic（做）+ient 专业的She is proficient at / in figure skating.她精于花样滑冰。
sufficient su+fic（做）+ient（adj词尾）足够的扩展magnificent=magn(big)+I+fic+ent 华丽的，宏伟的magnify v. 放大magnifier放大镜significant=sign(标记,标志)+I+fic+ant 重大的,影响深远的a significant change sign signatureartificial=art(艺术)+I+fic+ial adj. 人工的artificial intelligenceexample•If you are in a market for a new vehicle, choose a fuel-efficient one that will save your money and help protect the new environment.(P50 18)如果你想去市场买辆车，尽量选择高效燃料，这样你既可以节省钱也可以帮助保护环境。
antElapse 扩展：蚂蚁系列•pageant盛装的游行, 壮丽的场面•elegant优美的, 文雅的;•Lapse 失误，失检•Collapse 倒塌，崩溃•warrant保证, 担保•Tenant房客•Pregnant怀孕谐音联想记忆法补充词汇•fling 抛，扔•flee为逃走，•fade为褪色，•fling抛石头，•feeble才脆弱chillUnit 10•Enrich v 使丰富Enlarge v 扩大Broaden v 扩宽Widen v 扩宽2. Enormous adj 巨大的3. External adj 外部的4. Expenditure n 花费5. Explosives n 爆炸物近形对照•Explode•Explore•Exploit等爆炸，探测人，,开发，剥削它，例子imageAstro-星星分类记忆•Disaster 灾难，天灾（星星偏离方向）•Catastrophe 大灾害（黑猫和星星）•Wreck 失事（飞机，船）近形对照法•Ash 灰尘•Cash 现金•Abash 窘迫•Clash 撞击•Crash 坠毁•smash 粉粹飞机clash了世贸飞机crash了世贸smash了变成了ashbush很abash需要很多cashUnit 11 •Fertile adj 肥沃的•Flaw n 瑕疵•Flourish v 繁荣•Boom n 繁荣•Thrive v 繁荣•Prosperous adj 繁荣的•Heritage扩展Futile fu+tile（adj词尾）琐细的，无用的the futile yearshostile host（敌人）+ile 敌对的• a hostile remark.•充满敌意的话Fertile fert（带来）+ile 肥沃的（佛头很肥）•fertile soil.•肥沃的土壤Fragile frag（打破）+ile 易碎的（fragment）Versatile vers（转）+tile 多才多艺的Versatile扩展verse 转anniversary n. 周年纪念日anniversary=ann(年)+vers(turn)+ary(表示集合名词)ann=年annual adj. 年度的annual report/ income/production年度报告/收入/产量vers=turnadverse=ad(to)+vers(turn)+e (突然间旋转,大好的形式转变了) adj.不利的,有害的adverse circumstances 逆境the adverse effects of the drug 药物的有害作用universe=uni(唯一)+vers(turn)+e n. 宇宙词根词缀universal adj.全体的共同的version n. 译文,版本English versionReverse=re(against)+vers(turn)+e v.颠倒,翻转(turn sth. inside out or turn sth.over to show the back )versatile=vers(turn)+atile adj.多才多艺的a versatile cookdiverse=di(away)+vers(turn)+e adj.各种各样的diversity n.多样性词根词缀extroverted 外向的introverted 内向的controversial 有争议的（on the contrary）Unit 12•Frown （P68）v 皱眉The old frowned while the young applauded.2. Frustrated adj 受挫的3. Complex adj 复杂的Complex-complicated-sophisticated-intricate4. Preserve v 保存preserve扩展serve 保持，服务•preserve pre（之前）+serve（保持）保护，保存•preserve peace维持和平•conserve con +serve（保持）保存•People have to learn to conserve water anytime, especially during the drought.大家必须学会节约用水,特别是在干旱期间。
•deserve de（充分）+serve（服务）值得•observe ob（对，向）+serve（保持）观察，注意•reserve re（回来）+serve（保持）储备，预订reserve a table for 4reservationUnit 13，14（P73）•Give rise to v 导致•Gloom n阴暗(amorous,)•Humane adj 仁慈的•Humble adj 谦卑的•Humiliate v 羞辱•Humid adj 湿气的Gloomy扩展•导致：•Give rise to•Contribute to•Result inUnit 13，14 （P80）•Immigrant n 移民•Incorporate v 合并•Indifferent adj 冷漠的•Induce v 引诱扩展duce 引导conduce con+duce （引导）导致，有利于（conducive，conductor）Heart to heart chats conduce to the establishment of harmonious atmosphere among fellow workers.谈心活动有助于造成员工间和谐的氛围。
deduce de+duce 演绎induce in+duce 引诱Nothing shall induce me to join their club.我怎么都不会去加入他们的俱乐部。
reduce re+duce减少词根词缀法seduce 色诱produce pro（向前）+duce生产，引起reproduce 繁殖introduce intro（向内）+duce 介绍词根词缀法dis-分开disable v残疾的，丧失能力的disadvantage 不利条件disclose v揭漏，透漏discourage 使气馁disorder 混乱dispute v争论，辩论disregard v不理，漠视distract /attract 转移Instinct词根词缀法differ 不一致，不同differentiate 区分，区别distinguish 区分diversify di+ver（转移）使多样化discriminate 歧视difference 差异diversity 多样性，差异distinguish in use区分，辨别syn differentiate，discriminatedistinguished 卓著的，高贵的Anthropologist also use the term culture in a more restricted sense when they refer to the culture of a particular society, meaning the non-biological characteristics unique to that society, whichdistinguish it from other societies. (IELTS ，Reading)Diverse in use•不同的，多种多样的syn.different, dissimilar, unequal, various, distinct, separate, variedant.equal, equivalent, same, identicalThe shops here sell a diverse range of gifts.diversity in useThe loss of genetic diversity associated with reductions in population size will contribute to the likelihood of extinction.(IELTS: Reading)diversity ofa diversity of opinionsdiverse adj. 不同的diversify vt.& vi. 使多样化；多样化diversification n.多种经营, 多样化Farms began to diversify. (IELTS: Reading)farm diversification (IELTS: Reading)diversion n. 消遣，分散注意Let’s have a try•一个有智慧的人是善于辨别是非的。