三种独立主格结构精讲与练习..

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(完整word)高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习.doc

独立主格结构一、概念“独立主格构” 就是由一个相当于主的名或代加上非、形容（副）或介短构成的一种独立成分。

构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的不能考其、人称和数的化，它与主句之不能通并列接，也不能由从句阴道引，通常用逗号与主句隔开。

独立主格构在很多情况下可以化相的状从句或者其他状形式，但很多候不能化分形式，因它内部的主与主句主不一致。

二、独立主格的特点特点独立主格构的主主句的主不一致，她独立存在。

独立主格构一般置于句首，有置于句中或句尾，用逗号将与主句其隔开独立主格构中的 being 和having been 常可以省略。

大多数独立主格构可以用“with++” 构代替。

独立主格有其特殊的使用合，多用于面，尤其是描述性言中，口中不常使用。

示例Leaves falling here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon.叶到，我一下注意到已是深秋了。

(独立主格的主是leaves,主句是 I) Time permitting, the restoration work could be done better.允的，回复工作可以做得更好。

(独立主格的主是Time,主句是 the restoration work)The plan successfully carried out, everything worked out perfectly.划成功地完成了，一切展利。

A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, othersto adjust his girdle, and so on.多官跟在皇帝后面，有的拎着皇帝的袍，其他的他整理要等。

All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher.所有的窗开着，屋子里的空气更新了。

独立主格结构精讲精练(定稿)

独立主格结构一、概述独立主格结构又叫独立结构（absolute construction），由名词/主格代词+ 现在分词（或过去分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）构成。

在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附于整个句子。

具有以下特点：（1）在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况。

（2）可置于句首，也可放在句尾。

（3）主要用于书面语。

（4）它的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同，不指同一人或同一物。

（5）be动词在独立主格结构中一般转化为being。

二、独立主格结构的构成1.名词/主格代词+现在分词（表示主动含义和动作正在进行）名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

①Weather permitting (= If time permits)，we are going to visit you tomorrow.天气许可的话，我们明天去看你。

(表示条件)②Spring coming on (= When spring came on), the trees turned green.春天来了，树木绿油油的。

(表示时间) 注意：（1）如果该结构表示的动作先发生，则用“名词/主格代词+having done”，含义为“……已经……”。

例如：The students having finished their homework (= After the students finished their homework), we went home.学生做完家庭作业后，我们回家了。

（2）如果该结构表示“……正在被……”,则用“名词/主格代词+being done”, being不能省略。

例如：Food being cooked (= When food was being cooked), I fell asleep.当食物正在被烹饪的时候，我睡着了。

英语独立主格结构精讲精练

英语：独立主格结构精讲精练I. 独立主格结构的基本概念由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。

II. 独立主格结构的基本构成形式及功能独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。

1、名词或代词主格+ 分词①The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完了,同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。

②Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper. 如果时间允许,晚饭后我们可以到操场上散散步。

2、名词或代词主格+ 形容词①Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。

② The clothes very dirty, you'd better wash them quickly. 衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧!3、名词或代词主格+ 不定式The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会就开始了。

4、名词或代词主格+ 介词短语① Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 我们的英语老师走进了教室,手里拿着试卷。

② There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一条河,河两岸长满了鲜花。

5、名词或代词主格+ 副词① The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。

高中英语独立主格结构精讲(配套练习和答案)

独立主格结构“独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”。

由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。

独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。

（一）独立主格结构形式独立主格结构可以分为两部分，形式为：基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。

1．名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。

例：The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.注：“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去，形成一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。

2．名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。

例：The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.3．名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作。

These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（游行）to start moving at 8 sharp.4. 名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。

例：Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon.5．名词/代词+形容词短语形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。

(完整word)高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习

独立主格结构一、概念“独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。

该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接，也不能由从句阴道词引导，通常用逗号与主句隔开。

独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。

二、独立主格的特点【注意】1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”，being不可以被省略。

2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时，being不可以省略。

三、独立主格结构的用法。

一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。

四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。

“名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。

名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。

1.不定式构成的独立主格结构不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常作原因状语，有时做条件状语。

Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.由于很多作业要做，我只好待在家里。

So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job.如此多的孩子要照顾，这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。

2.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构动词-ing形式的句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则就是不正确的。

动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语，构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构，逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系，是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作时逻辑主语发出的动作。

（完整版）独立主格结构讲解及练习

（完整版）独立主格结构讲解及练习独立主格结构的用法一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。

独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。

在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。

需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词（代词）+现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1. 名词（代词）+现在分词例句：The storm drawing nea，the navvy decided to call it a dayThe storm draw ing n ear在句中作：原因状语=Since the storm was drawing nea，the navvy decided to call it a day由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。

（call it a day今天到此为止）例句：Win ter comin g, it gets colder and colder.Win ter comi ng 在句中作：伴随状语=The win ter comes, and it gets colder and colder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。

造句：时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。

Time permitt in g, I will go with you. 独立主格作：条件状语=改写：ftime permits, I will go with you.造句：那个姑娘望着他，他不知道说什么好。

The girl stari ng at him, he did n 'k now what to say.独立主格作：时间状语=改写：As the girl stared at him, he did n 'tk now what to say.2. 名词（代词）+过去分词例句：He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。

独立主格精讲精练

语法直击：独立主格结构口诀：主语不一样，主谓不一致。

1)独立主格结构例：The baby began to cry afresh, his face very pale and his lips colorless.主语不一样：the baby, his face.主谓不一致：his face very pale. 完整句型应该为his face was very pale.例：Class over, all the students went out from the classroom.主语不一样：class, all the student.主谓不一致：class over. 完整句型应该为class is over.1）with复合独立主格结构口诀不变，分句前加上with.例：Last night he was so tired that he fell asleep, with the lamp burning.主语不一样：he, the camp.主谓不一致：the lamp burning. 完整句型应该为the lamp is burning.例：Frank stared at his friend, with his mouth open.主语不一样：Frank, his mouth主谓不一致：his mouth open.整句应该为his mouth was open.语法体现：The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.主语不一致：a large car, its headlight/its horn主谓不一致：its headlights on. 完整句应该为its headlights was on.应试难点：1)独立主格的作用2)独立主格的种类难点解析：1）独立主格的作用独立主格的使用范围非常的广泛，在需要表达时间，原因，条件，伴随等状语时，都可以使用独立主格结构。

独立主格结构总结及练习

独立主格结构一、概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是一种特殊的结构，前一部分是名词或主格代词（作为逻辑主语），后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式和分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 在句中做状语，用于修饰整个句子。

其位置灵活，可位于句前、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子其它部分分开。

它有以下几个特点：1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

3. 做时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语、伴随状语等时候，通常可转换成状语从句或并列句。

二、独立主格结构的三种类型：（一）非谓语动词独立主格结构逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）1. 名词(代词)+现在分词分词作状语,当其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。

用名词(代词)+现在分词时，名词(代词)与动词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

此时的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或当时正在进行）。

有时现在分词不表示进行，而表示一般情况的状态或动作。

a) Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.如果情况如此的话，你没有理由解聘他。

b) He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm．他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。

c) Their room was on the third floor, its window overlooking the sports ground.他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。

(表示一般情况的状态或动作)2. 名词(代词)+ 过去分词名词(代词)与动词构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 表示被动意义或完成意义。

高考难点英语句型：独立主格精致讲义+练习

一、有关独立主格结构的基本概念独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。

它有以下三个特点：1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2.名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

3.独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

二、独立主格结构的常见形式1. 名词（代词）+现在分词The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。

We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。

The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。

2. 名词（代词）+过去分词The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。

The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。

More time given, we should have done the job much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。

3. 名词（代词）+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。

So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。

4. 名词（代词）+介词短语The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。

独立主格结构及精选习题

独立主格结构及精选习题独立主格结构（一）定义：不定式或分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。

但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。

（二）构成：1. 名词（代词）+ 不定式、现在分词或过去分词Weather permitting, we'll go sightseeing.= If weather permits, ...作条件状语天气允许的话，我们要去观光。

Homework finished, the boy went out to play football.=When homework was finished,...作时间状语作业做完了，男孩出去玩足球。

The exam to be held tomorrow, I can't go to the cinema tonight.明天要考试，我今晚不能去看电影。

2. 名词（代词）+（being ）+表语（名词、形容词、副词或介词短语）It (being) Sunday, we went climbing.= As it was Sunday, ...作原因状语由于是星期天，我们去爬山。

Tod looked at the million-pound note, his eyes (being) wide open.托德眼睛睁得大大的看着百万钞票。

Summer vacations (being) over, students returned to school.暑假结束了，学生们返回学校。

3. with + 名词（代词）+宾补，宾补可用现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语。

此句型又称with复合结构。

a. They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights burning.他们点着灯假装整晚都在努力工作。

独立主格重点讲座及针对练习题

所以在语法上不是句子，独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。

独立主格之所以不叫独立主语，就是因为该名词或代词与后面的其它部分有逻辑上的句子关系，但无论长短，都不能构成句子，当后面是非谓语动词时，前面与后面能够构成逻辑上的偶尔作定语，使用时，注意要用逗号与句子的主体部分分隔开来。

1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。

名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是逻辑主谓关系。

如：The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。

Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。

2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。

名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是逻辑动宾关系（逻辑谓宾关系）。

可以理解为被动句结构中删掉了“be”部分。

如：The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。

Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。

注意：以上两种结构的功能相似于分词或分词短语作状语，只是分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，而独立主格结构中非谓语动词的逻辑主语是它前面的名词或主格代词。

3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。

名词/主格代词与不定式之间是逻辑主谓关系，多表示将来的行为，表示“企图”“约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。

独立结构精讲及练习

高考语法复习独立结构精讲及练习状语有时可以由一个名词（代词）和另一成分构成的复合结构充当，称为独立（主格）结构。

独立结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式和介词是主谓关系。

独立结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常有逗号与主句分开。

需要特别注意的是，独立结构与句子之间不能使用任何连词。

一、独立主格结构的构成1.名词(代词)+现在分词The storm having destroyed their hut, they had to live in a cav e.Night falling, we hurried home.2.名词(代词)+过去分词He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.This done, we went home.3.名词(代词)+形容词She came into the room, her ears red with cold.The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside.4.名词(代词)+副词He put on his socks wrong side out.The meeting over, we all went home.5.名词(代词)+不定式Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.注意：不定式表示将来的动作。

6.名词(代词) +介词短语He walked out of the camp, rifle in hand (= with a rifle in his hand.)She came out of the library, a large book under her arm.二、独立结构在句中的作用1．时间状语The test finished, we began our holiday.（= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.）2．条件状语Weather permitting, they will go on an outing to the beach tom orrow.(=If weather permits, they will go on an outing to the beach to morrow.)3．原因状语The storm drawing near, the worker decided to stop working.(=Since the storm was drawing near, the worker decided to stop wo rking.)4．伴随状语He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.(= He sat in the front row and his mouth was half open.)三、其它形式的独立结构1．在以上所讲的独立结构前加with, 这种结构在句中可作：1）伴随状语With the young man leading, they started toward the mountain.The soldiers marched forward, with guns on their shoulders(=gun on shoulder).He used to sleep with the window open.2) 原因状语He felt uneasy with the whole class staring at him.With Tom away, we have got more room.3）时间状语With everything well arranged, he left his office.2．It形式的独立结构（表示自然现象、时间、距离或环境状况等）It being Monday, the library is closed.It being spring, many kinds of flowers come out.3．倒装结构（即在独立结构中，逻辑主语在后）1) there be形式There being no bus or taxi, we had to go home on foot.2) such形式Such being the case, she had nothing to say.3) 介词短语形式In the sand being the mark of a man’s foot, Crusoe stared at i t, full of fear.独立结构练习I.指出下列句子中的独立结构1.In front of the house was a tall tree, its top well above the tops of the other trees.2.The mid-term examination was over, the final examination to come in two months.3.The boy stood there, his eyes full of tears.4.A young policeman stood in the street, holding a little red flag, h is face red with cold.5.The teacher sat in her chair, surrounded by her students, a happy l ook in her eyes.6.With nothing to eat, he died of hunger.7.A tall man came into the bank, wearing a pair of dark glasses, his face hidden by an upturned (翻起的) collar and a cap pulled over hi s brows.8.Mary left left the office with tears in her eyes.9.Such being the case, you have no reasons for dismissing him.10.He lay on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast, a nd his glaring eyes looking straight upward.II.用独立结构改正下列句子中的错误1.Being freezing cold, she had to dress herself in warm clothes.2.Having finished his homework, we went home.3.A young mother was taking a walk in the schoolyard, followed her li ttle son.4.His bike wrong, he has to walk to school.5.Tom rushed into my room, with his clothes covering with snow.6.They were angry with their money to be stolen.III.单项填空1.The lecture ______, he left his seat so quietly that no one complai ned that his leaving distured the speaker.A.beganB.beginningC.having begunD.being beginning2.Such ______ the case, I have no other choices.A.beingB.isC.wasD.to be3.Darkness ______ in, the young people strolled on the streets.A.setB.settingC.has setD.was set4.With all factors ______ ,we think this program may be better than a ll the others in achieving the goal.A.being consideredB.consideringC.consideredD.are considered5.A new technique ______, the production increased by 20 percent.A.to have been worked outB.having worked outC.working outD.having been worked out6.On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still, ear s ______, alert, listening.A.pointedB.pointingC.are pointedD.are pointing7.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our wo rk ______, we didn’t accept the offer.A.not being finishedB.not having finishedC.had not been finishedD.was not finished8.There are various kinds of metals, each ______ its own properties (特性).A.hasB.hadC.to haveD.having9.The old man stood under a big tree, ______.A.a pipe in mouthB.with a pipe in mouthC.pipe in mouthD.pipe in his mouth10.The production ______ steadily, the factory needs an ever-increasi ng supply of raw material (原料).A.has gone upB.is going upC.having gone upD.being gone upIV.用独立结构完成下列句子1.Jane ran into the classroom, _____________________________ (手里拿着一个新文具盒).2.______________________ (午饭时间到了), the students all went to the dining-hall.3.A little girl was making paper flowers, ___________________________ _________________________ (她的妈妈面带微笑坐在她旁边).4.Here comes the bus from Yiwu, _____________________________________ _____________ (永康来的班车十分钟后到).5.__________________________ (由向导带路),we set off on foot into the dark night.6.___________________________ (有那么多书要读), I can’t kill time by playing cards.7.At the gate stood a PLA man, __________________________ (手里握着枪).8._____________________________ (做完家庭作业), he went to bed.9.______________________ (她的钱包被偷了), she had no money to buy ev en a bus ticket.10.________________________ (所有的灯都亮着), our teaching building l ooks more beautiful.Keys:II.1.Being前加It 2.Having前加He或His homework finished 3.followe d her little son改为her little son following her 4.His bike wrong改为Something being wrong with his bike或There being something wrong w ith his bike5.covering改为covered6.to be stolen改为stolenIII.1.with a new pencil-box in her hand 2.It being time for lunch 3. her mother sitting beside her with a smile on her face 4.that/the bu s from Yongkang to come in ten minutes 5.(With) The guide leading th e way 6.With so many books to read 7.gun in hand (with a gun in his hand) 8.The/His homework done/finished (With his/the homework done/ finished) 9.Her wallet stolen 10.(With) All the lights onIV. 1—5 CABCD 6—10 AADCC。

独立主格结构讲解及题目

独立主格结构1一、独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式独立主格结构(the absolute structure)是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。

独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。

需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

例如：1)Night enshrouding the earth,nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.(黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。

)2)He lay at full length upon his stomach,his head resting upon his left forearm.(他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。

)3)The coward was backing,his face being deathly pale,toward another room.(那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去，脸色煞白。

)独立主格结构多用于书面语，尤其是描述性语言中，在口语和非正式文体中，一般用从句或两个句子来代替。

例如，上述例句可变为：1)Because night enshrouded the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.2)He lay at full length upon his stomach.His head rested upon his left forearm.3)The coward was backing toward another room.His face was deathly pale.二、独立主格结构的特殊构成形式独立主格结构除上述基本构成形式，即名词／代词＋分词(短语)外，还有如下特殊构成形式。